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Wang Y, Jiang W, Li C, Wang Z, Lu C, Cheng J, Wei S, Yang J, Yang Q. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses elucidate the mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in the regulation of mulberry seed germination under salt stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:132. [PMID: 38383312 PMCID: PMC10880279 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Seed propagation is the main method of mulberry expansion in China, an important economic forest species. However, seed germination is the most sensitive stage to various abiotic stresses, especially salinity stress. To reveal the molecular regulatory mechanism of mulberry seed germination under salt stress, flavonoid metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses were performed on mulberry seeds germinated under 50 and 100 mmol/L NaCl stress. Analysis of the flavonoid metabolome revealed that a total of 145 differential flavonoid metabolites (DFMs) were classified into 9 groups, 40 flavonols, 32 flavones, 16 chalcones and 14 flavanones. Among them, 61.4% (89) of the DFMs accumulated continuously with increasing salt concentration, reaching the highest level at a 100 mmol/L salt concentration; these DFMs included quercetin-3-O-glucoside (isoquercitrin), kaempferol (3,5,7,4'-tetrahydroxyflavone), quercetin-7-O-glucoside, taxifolin (dihydroquercetin) and apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone), indicating that these flavonoids may be key metabolites involved in the response to salt stress. Transcriptional analysis identified a total of 3055 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), most of which were enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis (ko00941), phenylpropanoid biosynthesis (ko00940) and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (ko01110). Combined analysis of flavonoid metabolomic and transcriptomic data indicated that phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), chalcone synthase (CHS), flavonol synthase (FLS), bifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase/flavanone 4-reductase (DFR) and anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) were the key genes involved in flavonoid accumulation during mulberry seed germination under 50 and 100 mmol/L NaCl stress. In addition, three transcription factors, MYB, bHLH and NAC, were involved in the regulation of flavonoid accumulation under salt stress. The results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT‒PCR) validation showed that the expression levels of 11 DEGs, including 7 genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, under different salt concentrations were consistent with the transcriptomic data, and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) results showed that the expression levels of 6 key enzymes (proteins) involved in flavonoid synthesis were consistent with the accumulation of flavonoids. This study provides a new perspective for investigating the regulatory role of flavonoid biosynthesis in the regulation of mulberry seed germination under salt stress at different concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Chenlei Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenjiang Wang
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Can Lu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Junsen Cheng
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanglin Wei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiasong Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China
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Feng S, Yao YT, Wang BB, Li YM, Li L, Bao AK. Flavonoids are involved in salt tolerance through ROS scavenging in the halophyte Atriplex canescens. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 43:5. [PMID: 38127154 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The content of flavonoids could increase in A. canescens under saline conditions. Overexpression of AcCHI in transgenic A. thaliana promotes flavonoid biosynthesis, thereby functioning in the tolerance of transgenic plants to salt and osmotic stress by maintaining ROS homeostasis. Atriplex canescens is a halophytic forage shrub with excellent adaptation to saline environment. Our previous study showed that a large number of genes related to the biosynthesis of flavonoids in A. canescens were significantly up-regulated by NaCl treatments. However, it remains unclear whether flavonoids are involved in A. canescens response to salinity. In this study, we found that the accumulation of flavonoids significantly increased in either the leaves or roots of A. canescens seedling under 100 and 300 mM NaCl treatments. Correspondingly, AcCHS, AcCHI and AcF3H, which encode three key enzymes (chalcone synthases (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), respectively) of flavonoids biosynthesis, were significantly induced in the roots or leaves of A. canescens by 100 or 300 mM NaCl. Then, we generated the transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing AcCHI and found that transgenic plants accumulated more flavonoids through enhancing the pathway of flavonoids biosynthesis. Furthermore, overexpression of AcCHI conferred salt and osmotic stress tolerance in transgenic A. thaliana. Contrasted with wild-type A. thaliana, transgenic lines grew better with greater biomass, less H2O2 content as well as lower relative plasma permeability in either salt or osmotic stress conditions. In conclusion, our results indicate that flavonoids play an important role in A. canescens response to salt stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and the key enzyme gene AcCHI in flavonoids biosynthesis pathway of A. canescens has the potential to improve the stress tolerance of forages and crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yu-Ting Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bei-Bei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yi-Meng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Grassland, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Ai-Ke Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Zhou XW, Yao XD, He DX, Sun HX, Xie FT. Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analysis of two salt-tolerant soybean germplasms response to low phosphorus stress: role of phosphorus uptake and antioxidant capacity. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:662. [PMID: 38124037 PMCID: PMC10731862 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04677-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P) and salt stress are common abiotic stressors that limit crop growth and development, but the response mechanism of soybean to low phosphorus (LP) and salt (S) combined stress remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, two soybean germplasms with similar salt tolerance but contrasting P-efficiency, A74 (salt-tolerant and P-efficient) and A6 (salt-tolerant and P-inefficient), were selected as materials. By combining physiochemical and transcriptional analysis, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism by which soybean maintains high P-efficiency under salt stress. In total, 14,075 differentially expressed genes were identified through pairwise comparison. PageMan analysis subsequently revealed several significantly enriched categories in the LP vs. control (CK) or low phosphorus + salt (LPS) vs. S comparative combination when compared to A6, in the case of A74. These categories included genes involved in mitochondrial electron transport, secondary metabolism, stress, misc, transcription factors and transport. Additionally, weighted correlation network analysis identified two modules that were highly correlated with acid phosphatase and antioxidant enzyme activity. Citrate synthase gene (CS), acyl-coenzyme A oxidase4 gene (ACX), cytokinin dehydrogenase 7 gene (CKXs), and two-component response regulator ARR2 gene (ARR2) were identified as the most central hub genes in these two modules. CONCLUSION In summary, we have pinpointed the gene categories responsible for the LP response variations between the two salt-tolerant germplasms, which are mainly related to antioxidant, and P uptake process. Further, the discovery of the hub genes layed the foundation for further exploration of the molecular mechanism of salt-tolerant and P-efficient in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Wen Zhou
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xing-Dong Yao
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - De-Xin He
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - He-Xiang Sun
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fu-Ti Xie
- Soybean Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
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Ageyeva MN, Zdobnova TA, Nazarova MS, Raldugina GN, Beliaev DV, Vodeneev VA, Brilkina AA. The Morphological Parameters and Cytosolic pH of Cells of Root Zones in Tobacco Plants ( Nicotiana tabacum L.): Nonlinear Effects of NaCl Concentrations. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3708. [PMID: 37960064 PMCID: PMC10648452 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Salinity impacts important processes in plants, reducing their yield. The effect of salinity on the cytosolic pH (pHcyt) has been little studied. In this research, we employed transgenic tobacco plants expressing the pH sensor Pt-GFP to investigate the alterations in pHcyt in cells across various root zones. Furthermore, we examined a wide spectrum of NaCl concentrations (ranging from 0 to 150 mM) and assessed morphological parameters and plant development. Our findings revealed a pattern of cytosolic acidification in cells across all root zones at lower NaCl concentrations (50, 100 mM). Interestingly, at 150 mM NaCl, pHcyt levels either increased or returned to normal, indicating a nonlinear effect of salinity on pHcyt. Most studied parameters related to development and morphology exhibited an inhibitory influence in response to NaCl. Notably, a nonlinear relationship was observed in the cell length within the elongation and differentiation zones. While cell elongation occurred at 50 and 100 mM NaCl, it was not evident at 150 mM NaCl. This suggests a complex interplay between stimulating and inhibitory effects of salinity, contributing to the nonlinear relationship observed between pHcyt, cell length, and NaCl concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N. Ageyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.S.N.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Tatiana A. Zdobnova
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (T.A.Z.); (V.A.V.)
| | - Mariia S. Nazarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.S.N.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Galina N. Raldugina
- Laboratory of Ion Transport and Salinity Resistance, K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Denis V. Beliaev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia;
| | - Vladimir A. Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (T.A.Z.); (V.A.V.)
| | - Anna A. Brilkina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia; (M.S.N.); (A.A.B.)
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Zhou Y, Underhill SJR. Total Flavonoid Contents and the Expression of Flavonoid Biosynthetic Genes in Breadfruit ( Artocarpus altilis) Scions Growing on Lakoocha ( Artocarpus lakoocha) Rootstocks. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3285. [PMID: 37765449 PMCID: PMC10534935 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) is a traditional fruit tree of 15-30 m height in the tropics. The presence of size-controlling rootstock in the species is not known. A small tropical tree species, lakoocha (Artocarpus lakoocha), was recently identified as a potential vigor-controlling rootstock, conferring over a 65% reduction in breadfruit tree height. To better understand the intriguing scion/rootstock interactions involved in dwarfing, we investigate flavonoid accumulation and its regulation in breadfruit scions in response to different rootstocks. To this end, we isolated a chalcone synthase cDNA, AaCHS, and a full-length bifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase cDNA, AaDFR, from breadfruit scion stems. The expression of both AaCHS and AaDFR genes was examined over the period of 16 to 24 months following grafting. During the development of the dwarf phenotype, breadfruit scion stems on lakoocha rootstocks display significant increases in total flavonoid content, and show upregulated AaCHS expression when compared with those on self-grafts and non-grafts. There is a strong, positive correlation between the transcript levels of AaCHS and total flavonoid content in scion stems. The transcript levels of AaDFR are not significantly different across scions on different rootstocks. This work provides insights into the significance of flavonoid biosynthesis in rootstock-induced breadfruit dwarfing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchan Zhou
- Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Steven J R Underhill
- Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
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Cui M, Liang Z, Liu Y, Sun Q, Wu D, Luo L, Hao Y. Flavonoid profile of Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. Under short-term heat stress revealed by integrated metabolome, transcriptome, and biochemical analyses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107896. [PMID: 37473674 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Global warming severely threatens plant growth, and could lead to yield reduction. Although findings suggest that flavonoids play important roles in biological process in plants, their response to heat stress in Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. remains unclear. Here, we aimed to examine the flavonoid profile of A. roxburghii under heat stress and assess the effect of exogenous application of quercetin on heat stress tolerance. Metabolome analysis showed that quercetin, tricetin, isorhamnetin, scutellarein, and 4',7-Isoflavandiol were the main upregulated flavonoids in A. roxburghii, based on variable importance in the projection >1 and with fold change >2. Determination of the concentrations of the flavonoids using a standard curve revealed that quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin contents increased by 8.24-, 7.55-, and 5.01-fold, respectively, during heat stress, whereas rutin concentration decreased from 83.04 to 80.89 mg/kg (dry weight). Additionally, transcriptome analysis indicated increased expression of several genes in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase. Moreover, exogenous application of quercetin improved the antioxidant capacity and physiological parameters, including photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content, of A. roxburghii under heat stress. Overall, the flavonoid profile of A. roxburghii under short-term heat stress was characterized based on integrated metabolomic, transcriptomic, and biochemical analyses, providing new insights for improving the biological value of A. roxburghii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhiyan Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Qifang Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Dong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Liping Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Yingbin Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Zhuang WB, Li YH, Shu XC, Pu YT, Wang XJ, Wang T, Wang Z. The Classification, Molecular Structure and Biological Biosynthesis of Flavonoids, and Their Roles in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083599. [PMID: 37110833 PMCID: PMC10147097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the climate constantly changing, plants suffer more frequently from various abiotic and biotic stresses. However, they have evolved biosynthetic machinery to survive in stressful environmental conditions. Flavonoids are involved in a variety of biological activities in plants, which can protect plants from different biotic (plant-parasitic nematodes, fungi and bacteria) and abiotic stresses (salt stress, drought stress, UV, higher and lower temperatures). Flavonoids contain several subgroups, including anthocyanidins, flavonols, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, chalcones, dihydrochalcones and dihydroflavonols, which are widely distributed in various plants. As the pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis has been well studied, many researchers have applied transgenic technologies in order to explore the molecular mechanism of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis; as such, many transgenic plants have shown a higher stress tolerance through the regulation of flavonoid content. In the present review, the classification, molecular structure and biological biosynthesis of flavonoids were summarized, and the roles of flavonoids under various forms of biotic and abiotic stress in plants were also included. In addition, the effect of applying genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis on the enhancement of plant tolerance under various biotic and abiotic stresses was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yu-Hang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yu-Ting Pu
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
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Chen D, Zou W, Zhang M, Liu J, Chen L, Peng T, Ye G. Genome-Wide Association Study for Seed Dormancy Using Re-Sequenced Germplasm under Multiple Conditions in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076117. [PMID: 37047087 PMCID: PMC10094323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed dormancy is a key factor used to determine seed germination in rice production. So far, only a few genes controlling seed dormancy have been reported, and the genetic mechanism of rice seed dormancy is still elusive. In this study, a population of 195 diverse re-sequenced accessions from 40 countries was evaluated for the seed germination rate (GR) without dormancy breaking (WDB) as a control and under dry heating (DH) and gibberellic acid (GA) treatments, as dormancy breaking agents to identify QTLs for seed dormancy. Phenotypic assessment revealed that these accessions had abundant variations in seed dormancy. GWAS using 1,120,223 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and a mixed linear model (MLM) incorporating both principal components (PCs) and kinship (K) identified 30 QTLs on 10 chromosomes, accounting for 7.3-20.4% of the phenotypic variance in GR. Ten of the QTLs were located in the regions of previously reported QTLs, while the rest were novel ones. Thirteen high-confidence candidate genes were predicted for the four QTLs detected in two or three conditions (qGR4-4, qGR4-5, qGR8 and qGR11-4) and one QTL with a large effect (qGR3). These genes were highly expressed during seed development and were significantly regulated by various hormone treatments. This study provides new insights into the genetic and molecular basis of rice seed dormancy/germination. The accessions with moderate and strong dormancy and markers for the QTLs and candidate genes are useful for attaining a proper level of seed dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Wenli Zou
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Mingpei Zhang
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jindong Liu
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Liang Chen
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Guoyou Ye
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Metro Manila 1301, Philippines
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Kaur S, Tiwari V, Kumari A, Chaudhary E, Sharma A, Ali U, Garg M. Protective and defensive role of anthocyanins under plant abiotic and biotic stresses: An emerging application in sustainable agriculture. J Biotechnol 2023; 361:12-29. [PMID: 36414125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Global warming is the major cause of abiotic and biotic stresses that reduce plant growth and productivity. Various stresses such as drought, low temperature, pathogen attack, high temperature and salinity all negatively influence plant growth and development. Due to sessile beings, they cannot escape from these adverse conditions. However, plants develop a variety of systems that can help them to tolerate, resist, and escape challenges imposed by the environment. Among them, anthocyanins are a good example of stress mitigators. They aid plant growth and development by increasing anthocyanin accumulation, which leads to increased resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. In the primary metabolism of plants, anthocyanin improves the photosynthesis rate, membrane permeability, up-regulates many enzyme transcripts related to anthocyanin biosynthesis, and optimizes nutrient uptake. Generally, the most important genes of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways were up-regulated under various abiotic and biotic stresses. The present review will highlight anthocyanin mediated stress tolerance in plants under various abiotic and biotic stresses. We have also compiled literature related to genetically engineer stress-tolerant crops generated using over-expression of genes belonging to anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway or its regulation. To sum up, the present review provides an up-to-date description of various signal transduction mechanisms that modulate or enhance anthocyanin accumulation under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satveer Kaur
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Vandita Tiwari
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anita Kumari
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Era Chaudhary
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anjali Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Usman Ali
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Monika Garg
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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Chen Y, Li H, Zhang S, Du S, Wang G, Zhang J, Jiang J. Analysis of the Antioxidant Mechanism of Tamarix ramosissima Roots under NaCl Stress Based on Physiology, Transcriptomic and Metabolomic. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122362. [PMID: 36552570 PMCID: PMC9774368 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a serious problem with soil salinization that affects the growth and development of plants. Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb (T. ramosissima), as a halophyte, is widely used for afforestation in salinized soils. At present, there are few reports on the antioxidant mechanism of T. ramosissima under NaCl stress. In this study, we learned about the superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content changes in T. ramosissima. We also mined the relevant metabolic pathways in the antioxidant mechanism, candidate key genes, and their related differential metabolites and verified them using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results show that the SOD, POD, and CAT activities, and the H2O2 and MDA content reached the highest values in the roots of T. ramosissima. Simultaneously, 92 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to antioxidant enzyme activities changed during 48 and 168 h of NaCl stress, and these DEGs were mainly upregulated in 168 h. Based on the association analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic data, we found Unigene0089358 and Unigene0007782 as genes related to key enzymes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. They were located in the upstream positive regulation at 48 and 168 h under NaCl stress, and their respective related metabolites (phloretin and pinocembrin) were involved in resistance to NaCl stress, and they were significantly correlated with their respective metabolites. In conclusion, at 48 and 168 h under NaCl stress, the roots of T. ramosissima resist NaCl stress by enhancing enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant mechanisms, scavenging ROS generated by high-salt stress, alleviating NaCl toxicity, and maintaining the growth of T. ramosissima. This study provides genetic resources and a scientific theoretical basis for further breeding of salt-tolerant Tamarix plants and the molecular mechanism of antioxidants to alleviate NaCl toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Department of Forest Resources Management and Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Haijia Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shiyang Zhang
- Department of Forest Resources Management and Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Shanfeng Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Forest Resources Management and Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jinchi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jiang Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Transcriptome and Metabolome Analyses Provide Insights into the Flavonoid Accumulation in Peels of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi'. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196476. [PMID: 36235014 PMCID: PMC9570620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of Chinese medicinal materials depends on the content of bioactive components, which are affected by the environmental factors of different planting regions. In this research, integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome of C. reticulata ‘Chachi’ was performed in two regions, and three orchards were included in the analysis. In total, only 192 compounds were found in fresh peels, and among 18 differentially accumulated flavonoid metabolites, 15 flavonoids were enriched in peels from the Xinhui planting region. In total, 1228 genes were up-regulated in peels from Xinhui, including the CHS and GST genes, which are involved in the salt stress response. Overall, based on the correlation analysis of flavonoid content and gene expression in peels of C. reticulata ‘Chachi’, we concluded that the authenticity of the GCRP from Xinhui may be closely related to the higher content of naringin and narirutin, and the increase in the content of these may be due to the highly saline environment of the Xinhui region.
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12
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Li S, Chang L, Sun R, Dong J, Zhong C, Gao Y, Zhang H, Wei L, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Wang G, Sun J. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals a role for adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters and cell wall remodeling in response to salt stress in strawberry. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:996765. [PMID: 36147238 PMCID: PMC9486094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.996765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch) are sensitive to salt stress, and breeding salt-tolerant strawberry cultivars is the primary method to develop resistance to increased soil salinization. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms mediating the response of strawberry to salinity stress remain largely unknown. This study evaluated the salinity tolerance of 24 strawberry varieties, and transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis were performed of 'Sweet Charlie' (salt-tolerant) and 'Benihoppe' (salt-sensitive) to explore salt tolerance mechanisms in strawberry. Compared with the control, we identified 3412 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 209 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in 'Benihoppe,' and 5102 DEGs and 230 DAMs in 'Sweet Charlie.' DEGs Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses indicated that the DEGs in 'Benihoppe' were enriched for ion homeostasis related terms, while in 'Sweet Charlie,' terms related to cell wall remodeling were over-represented. DEGs related to ion homeostasis and cell wall remodeling exhibited differential expression patterns in 'Benihoppe' and 'Sweet Charlie.' In 'Benihoppe,' 21 ion homeostasis-related DEGs and 32 cell wall remodeling-related DEGs were upregulated, while 23 ion homeostasis-related DEGs and 138 cell wall remodeling-related DEGs were downregulated. In 'Sweet Charlie,' 72 ion homeostasis-related DEGs and 275 cell wall remodeling-related DEGs were upregulated, while 11 ion homeostasis-related DEGs and 20 cell wall remodeling-related DEGs were downregulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed only four KEGG enriched pathways were shared between 'Benihoppe' and 'Sweet Charlie,' including flavonoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and ubiquinone, and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis. Integrating the results of transcriptomic and metabolomics analyses showed that adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and flavonoid pathway genes might play important roles in the salt stress response in strawberry, and DAMs and DEGs related to ABC transporter and flavonoid pathways were differentially expressed or accumulated. The results of this study reveal that cell wall remodeling and ABC transporters contribute to the response to salt stress in strawberry, and that related genes showed differential expression patterns in varieties with different salt tolerances. These findings provide new insights into the underlying molecular mechanism of strawberry response to salt stress and suggest potential targets for the breeding of salt-tolerant strawberry varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangtao Li
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Chang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanfei Zhong
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yongshun Gao
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hongli Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Lingzhi Wei
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqing Wei
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Strawberry, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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13
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Genome-Wide Analysis of Type-III Polyketide Synthases in Wheat and Possible Roles in Wheat Sheath-Blight Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137187. [PMID: 35806194 PMCID: PMC9266324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The enzymes in the chalcone synthase family, also known as type-III polyketide synthases (PKSs), play important roles in the biosynthesis of various plant secondary metabolites and plant adaptation to environmental stresses. There have been few detailed reports regarding the gene and tissue expression profiles of the PKS (TaPKS) family members in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, 81 candidate TaPKS genes were identified in the wheat genome, which were designated as TaPKS1–81. Phylogenetic analysis divided the TaPKS genes into two groups. TaPKS gene family expansion mainly occurred via tandem duplication and fragment duplication. In addition, we analyzed the physical and chemical properties, gene structures, and cis-acting elements of TaPKS gene family members. RNA-seq analysis showed that the expression of TaPKS genes was tissue-specific, and their expression levels differed before and after infection with Rhizoctonia cerealis. The expression levels of four TaPKS genes were also analyzed via qRT-PCR after treatment with methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, and ethylene. In the present study, we systematically identified and analyzed TaPKS gene family members in wheat, and our findings may facilitate the cloning of candidate genes associated with resistance to sheath blight in wheat.
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14
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Kaur A, Ghai D, Yadav VG, Pawar SV, Sembi JK. Polyketide synthases (PKSs) of secondary metabolism: in silico identification and characterization in orchids. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022:1-13. [PMID: 35735783 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2090439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Type III polyketide synthases (PKSs) catalyse the formation of an array of polyketides with diverse structures that play an important role in secondary metabolism in plants. This group of enzymes is encoded by a multigene family, the Type III polyketide synthase (PKS) gene family. Vast reserves of secondary metabolites in orchids make these plants suitable candidates for research in the area. In this study, genome-wide searches lead to the identification of five PeqPKS, eight DcaPKS and six AshPKS genes in Phalaenopsis equestris, Dendrobium catenatum and Apostasia shenzhenica, respectively. All the members showed the presence of two characteristic conserved domains (Chal_sti_synt_N and Chal_sti_synt_C) and were generally localised in the cytoplasm. The phylogenetic analysis led to the classification of these proteins into two groups: CHS (chalcone synthase (CHS) and non-CHS. A single protein in P. equestris and two proteins each in D. catenatum and A. shenzhenica clustered within the CHS clade. The majority of the genes exhibited similar structural patterns with a single intron. Expression profiling revealed the tissue-specific expression of these genes with high expression in reproductive tissues for most genes. A number of stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements were predicted, noteworthy amongst these are, ABRE and CGTCA that are chiefly responsible for responding to abscisic acid and methyl jasmonate, respectively. Our study provides a reference framework for future studies involving functional elucidation of PKS genes and biotechnological production of polyketides.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshpreet Kaur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Devina Ghai
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vikramaditya G Yadav
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandip V Pawar
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Cai J, Lv L, Zeng X, Zhang F, Chen Y, Tian W, Li J, Li X, Li Y. Integrative Analysis of Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveals Molecular Mechanisms of Anthocyanin Metabolism in the Zikui Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis cv. Zikui). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4780. [PMID: 35563169 PMCID: PMC9103729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we performed an association analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics to reveal the anthocyanin biosynthesis mechanism in a new purple-leaf tea cultivar Zikui (Camellia sinensis cv. Zikui) (ZK). Three glycosylated anthocyanins were identified, including petunidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and their contents were the highest in ZK leaves at 15 days. This is the first report on petunidin 3-O-glucoside in purple-leaf tea. Integrated analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome identified eleven dependent transcription factors, among which CsMYB90 had strong correlations with petunidin 3-O-glucoside, cyanidin 3-O-galactoside, and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (PCC > 0.8). Furthermore, we also identified key correlated structural genes, including two positively correlated F3’H (flavonoid-3′-hydroxylase) genes, two positively correlated ANS (anthocyanin synthase) genes, and three negatively correlated PPO (polyphenol oxidase) genes. Overexpression of CsMYB90 in tobacco resulted in dark-purple transgenic calluses. These results showed that the increased accumulation of three anthocyanins in ZK may promote purple-leaf coloration because of changes in the expression levels of genes, including CsMYB90, F3’Hs, ANSs, and PPOs. These findings reveal new insight into the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple-leaf tea plants and provide a series of candidate genes for the breeding of anthocyanin-rich cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.C.); (W.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Litang Lv
- College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.C.); (W.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Fen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.C.); (W.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Yulu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.C.); (W.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Weili Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.C.); (W.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianrong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.C.); (W.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (J.C.); (X.Z.); (F.Z.); (Y.C.); (W.T.); (J.L.)
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16
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Bano N, Fakhrah S, Mohanty CS, Bag SK. Transcriptome Meta-Analysis Associated Targeting Hub Genes and Pathways of Drought and Salt Stress Responses in Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum): A Network Biology Approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:818472. [PMID: 35548277 PMCID: PMC9083274 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.818472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress tolerance is an intricate feature controlled through several genes and networks in the plant system. In abiotic stress, salt, and drought are well known to limit cotton productivity. Transcriptomics meta-analysis has arisen as a robust method to unravel the stress-responsive molecular network in crops. In order to understand drought and salt stress tolerance mechanisms, a meta-analysis of transcriptome studies is crucial. To confront these issues, here, we have given details of genes and networks associated with significant differential expression in response to salt and drought stress. The key regulatory hub genes of drought and salt stress conditions have notable associations with functional drought and salt stress-responsive (DSSR) genes. In the network study, nodulation signaling pathways 2 (NSP2), Dehydration-responsive element1 D (DRE1D), ethylene response factor (ERF61), cycling DOF factor 1 (CDF1), and tubby like protein 3 (TLP3) genes in drought and tubby like protein 1 (TLP1), thaumatin-like proteins (TLP), ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF109 (EF109), ETS-Related transcription Factor (ELF4), and Arabidopsis thaliana homeodomain leucine-zipper gene (ATHB7) genes in salt showed the significant putative functions and pathways related to providing tolerance against drought and salt stress conditions along with the significant expression values. These outcomes provide potential candidate genes for further in-depth functional studies in cotton, which could be useful for the selection of an improved genotype of Gossypium hirsutum against drought and salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasreen Bano
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Shafquat Fakhrah
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, India
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Mohanty
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sumit Kumar Bag
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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17
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Hou Q, Li S, Shang C, Wen Z, Cai X, Hong Y, Qiao G. Genome-wide characterization of chalcone synthase genes in sweet cherry and functional characterization of CpCHS1 under drought stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:989959. [PMID: 36061761 PMCID: PMC9437463 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.989959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cherries are one of the important fruit trees. The growth of cherry is greatly affected by abiotic stresses such as drought, which hinders its development. Chalcone synthase (CHS, EC 2.3.1.74) is a crucial rate-limiting enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway that plays an important role in regulating plant growth, development, and abiotic stress tolerance. In the current study, three genes encoding chalcone synthase were identified in the genome of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). The three genes contained fewer introns and showed high homology with CHS genes of other Rosaceae members. All members are predicted to localize in the cytoplasm. The conserved catalytic sites may be located at the Cys163, Phe214, His302, and Asn335 residues. These genes were differentially expressed during flower bud dormancy and fruit development. The total flavonoid content of Chinese cherry (Cerasus pseudocerasus Lindl.) was highest in the leaves and slightly higher in the pulp than in the peel. No significant difference in total flavonoid content was detected between aborted kernels and normally developing kernels. Overexpression of Chinese cherry CpCHS1 in tobacco improved the germination frequency of tobacco seeds under drought stress, and the fresh weight of transgenic seedlings under drought stress was higher than that of the wild type, and the contents of SOD, POD, CAT, and Pro in OE lines were significantly increased and higher than WT under drought stress. These results indicate cherry CHS genes are conserved and functionally diverse and will assist in elucidating the functions of flavonoid synthesis pathways in cherry and other Rosaceae species under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiandong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunqiong Shang
- College of Forestry, Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhuang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Guang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Guang Qiao,
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18
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Ma TL, Li WJ, Hong YS, Zhou YM, Tian L, Zhang XG, Liu FL, Liu P. TMT based proteomic profiling of Sophora alopecuroides leaves reveal flavonoid biosynthesis processes in response to salt stress. J Proteomics 2021; 253:104457. [PMID: 34933133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Salt stress is the major abiotic stress worldwide, adversely affecting crop yield and quality. Utilizing salt tolerance genes for the genetic breeding of crops is one of the most effective measures to withstand salinization. Sophora alopecuroides is a well-known saline-alkaline and drought-tolerant medicinal plant. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanism for Sophora alopecuroides salt tolerance is crucial to identifying the salt-tolerant genes. In this study, we performed tandem mass tag (TMT) based proteomic profiling of S. alopecuroides leaves under 150 mM NaCl induced salt stress condition for 3 d and 7 d. Data are available on ProteomeXchange (PXD027627). Furthermore, the proteomic findings were validated through parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). We observed that the expression levels of several transporter proteins related to the secondary messenger signaling pathway were altered under salt stress conditions induced for 3 d. However, the expression of the certain transferase, oxidoreductase, dehydrogenase, which are involved in the biosynthesis of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, and amino acid metabolism, were mainly alerted after 7 d post-salt-stress induction. Several potential genes that might be involved in salt stress conditions were identified; however, it demands further investigation. Although salt stress affects the level of secondary metabolites, their correlation needs to be investigated further. SIGNIFICANCE: Salinization is the most severe abiotic adversity, which has had a significant negative effect on world food security over the time. Excavating salt-tolerant genes from halophytes or medicinal plants is one of the important measures to cope with salt stress. S. alopecuroides is a well-known medicinal plant with anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects, anti-saline properties, and resistance to drought stress. Currently, only a few studies have explored the S. alopecuroides' gene function, and regulation and these studies are mostly related to the unpublished genome sequence information of S. alopecuroides. Recently, transcriptomics and metabolomics studies have been carried on the abiotic stress in S. alopecuroides roots. Multiple studies have shown that altered gene expression at the transcript level and altered metabolite levels do not correspond to the altered protein levels. In this study, TMT and PRM based proteomic analyses of S. alopecuroides leaves under salt stress condition induced using 150 mM NaCl for 3 d and 7 d was performed. These analyses elucidated the activation of different mechanisms in response to salt stress. A total of 434 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in salt stress conditions were identified and analyzed. For the first time, this study utilized proteomics technology to dig out plentiful underlying salt-tolerant genes from the medicinal plant, S. alopecuroides. We believe that this study will be of great significance to crop genetics and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Li Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Wen-Juan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yuan-Shu Hong
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yu-Mei Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Lei Tian
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Feng-Lou Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Ping Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China.
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Naing AH, Kim CK. Abiotic stress-induced anthocyanins in plants: Their role in tolerance to abiotic stresses. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1711-1723. [PMID: 33605458 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, such as heat, drought, salinity, low temperature, and heavy metals, inhibit plant growth and reduce crop productivity. Abiotic stresses are becoming increasingly extreme worldwide due to the ongoing deterioration of the global climate and the increase in agrochemical utilization and industrialization. Plants grown in fields are affected by one or more abiotic stresses. The consequent stress response of plants induces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are then used as signaling molecules to activate stress-tolerance mechanism. However, under extreme stress conditions, ROS are overproduced and cause oxidative damage to plants. In such conditions, plants produce anthocyanins after ROS signaling via the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. These anthocyanins are then utilized in antioxidant activities by scavenging excess ROS for their sustainability. In this review, we discuss the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms underlying abiotic stress-induced anthocyanins in plants and their role in abiotic stress tolerance. In addition, we highlight the current progress in the development of anthocyanin-enriched transgenic plants and their ability to increase abiotic stress tolerance. Overall, this review provides valuable information that increases our understanding of the mechanisms by which anthocyanins respond to abiotic stress and protect plants against it. This review also provides practical guidance for plant biologists who are engineering stress-tolerant crops using anthocyanin biosynthesis or regulatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Htay Naing
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang Kil Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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20
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Liang W, Chen Y, Li X, Guo F, Sun J, Zhang X, Xu B, Gao W. Label-Free Proteomic Analysis of Smoke-Drying and Shade-Drying Processes of Postharvest Rhubarb: A Comparative Study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:663180. [PMID: 34140961 PMCID: PMC8205111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest processing plays a very important role in improving the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. According to previous studies, smoke-drying could significantly promote the accumulation of the bioactive components and pharmacological activities of rhubarb, but so far, the molecular mechanism has not been studied yet. In this research, to study the molecular mechanisms of postharvest processing for rhubarb during shade-drying and smoke-drying, label-free proteomic analyses were conducted. In total, 1,927 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified from rhubarb samples treated by different drying methods. These DAPs were mainly involved in response and defense, signal transduction, starch, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, and anthraquinone and phenolic acid biosynthesis. Smoke-drying significantly enhanced the expression of proteins involved in these metabolic pathways. Accordingly, the molecular mechanism of the accumulation of effective ingredients of rhubarb was clarified, which provided a novel insight into the biosynthesis of active ingredients that occur during the rhubarb dry process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengxia Guo
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Arid Land Crop Science, College of Agronomy, College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Resources Research Enterprises, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Resources Research Enterprises, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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21
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Tong Y, Lyu Y, Xu S, Zhang L, Zhou J. Optimum chalcone synthase for flavonoid biosynthesis in microorganisms. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:1194-1208. [PMID: 33980085 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1922350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chalcones and the subsequently generated flavonoids, as well as flavonoid derivatives, have been proven to have a variety of physiological activities and are widely used in: the pharmaceutical, food, feed, and cosmetic industries. As the content of chalcones and downstream products in native plants is low, the production of these compounds by microorganisms has gained the attention of many researchers and has a history of more than 20 years. The mining and engineering of chalcone synthase (CHS) could be one of the most important ways to achieve more efficient production of chalcones and downstream products in microorganisms. CHS has a broad spectrum of substrates, and its enzyme activity and expression level can significantly affect the efficiency of the biosynthesis of flavonoids. This review summarizes the recent advances in the: structure, mechanism, evolution, substrate spectrum, transformation, and expression regulation in the flavonoid biosynthesis of this vital enzyme. Future development directions were also suggested. The findings may further promote the research and development of flavonoids and health products, making them vital in the fields of human diet and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjia Tong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yunbin Lyu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Sha Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education and School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Science Center for Future Foods, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangsu Provisional Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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22
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Kan D, Zhao D, Duan P. In silico identification of Capsicum type III polyketide synthase genes and expression patterns in Capsicum annuum. Open Life Sci 2021; 15:753-762. [PMID: 33817263 PMCID: PMC7747517 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that abundant and various flavonoids accumulate in chili pepper (Capsicum), but there are few reports on the genes that govern chili pepper flavonoid biosynthesis. Here, we report the comprehensive identification of genes encoding type III polyketide synthase (PKS), an important enzyme catalyzing the generation of flavonoid backbones. In total, 13, 14 and 13 type III PKS genes were identified in each genome of C. annuum, C. chinense and C. baccatum, respectively. The phylogeny topology of Capsicum PKSs is similar to those in other plants, as it showed two classes of genes. Within each class, clades can be further identified. Class II genes likely encode chalcone synthase (CHS) as they are placed together with the Arabidopsis CHS gene, which experienced extensive expansions in the genomes of Capsicum. Interestingly, 8 of the 11 Class II genes form three clusters in the genome of C. annuum, which is likely the result of tandem duplication events. Four genes are not expressed in the tissues of C. annuum, three of which are located in the clusters, indicating that a portion of genes was pseudogenized after tandem duplications. Expression of two Class I genes was complementary to each other, and all the genes in Class II were not expressed in roots of C. annuum. Two Class II genes (CA00g90790 and CA05g17060) showed upregulated expression as the chili pepper leaves matured, and two Class II genes (CA05g17060 and CA12g20070) showed downregulated expression with the maturation of fruits, consistent with flavonoid accumulation trends in chili pepper as reported previously. The identified genes, sequences, phylogeny and expression information collected in this article lay the groundwork for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of chili pepper flavonoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Kan
- Henan Provincial Academician Workstation of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan Province, 473061, China
| | - Di Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Tourism, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan Province, 473061, China
| | - Pengfei Duan
- Henan Provincial Academician Workstation of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, Henan Province, 473061, China
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23
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Lee C, Hong WJ, Jung KH, Hong HC, Kim DY, Ok HC, Choi MS, Park SK, Kim J, Koh HJ. Arachis hypogaea resveratrol synthase 3 alters the expression pattern of UDP-glycosyltransferase genes in developing rice seeds. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245446. [PMID: 33444365 PMCID: PMC7808588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The resveratrol-producing rice (Oryza sativa L.) inbred lines, Iksan 515 (I.515) and Iksan 526 (I.526), developed by the expression of the groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) resveratrol synthase 3 (AhRS3) gene in the japonica rice cultivar Dongjin, accumulated both resveratrol and its glucoside, piceid, in seeds. Here, we investigated the effect of the AhRS3 transgene on the expression of endogenous piceid biosynthesis genes (UGTs) in the developing seeds of the resveratrol-producing rice inbred lines. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis revealed that I.526 accumulates significantly higher resveratrol and piceid in seeds than those in I.515 seeds and, in I.526 seeds, the biosynthesis of resveratrol and piceid reached peak levels at 41 days after heading (DAH) and 20 DAH, respectively. Furthermore, RNA-seq analysis showed that the expression patterns of UGT genes differed significantly between the 20 DAH seeds of I.526 and those of Dongjin. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analyses confirmed the data from RNA-seq analysis in seeds of Dongjin, I.515 and I.526, respectively, at 9 DAH, and in seeds of Dongjin and I.526, respectively, at 20 DAH. A total of 245 UGTs, classified into 31 UGT families, showed differential expression between Dongjin and I.526 seeds at 20 DAH. Of these, 43 UGTs showed more than 2-fold higher expression in I.526 seeds than in Dongjin seeds. In addition, the expression of resveratrol biosynthesis genes (PAL, C4H and 4CL) was also differentially expressed between Dongjin and I.526 developing seeds. Collectively, these data suggest that AhRS3 altered the expression pattern of UGT genes, and PAL, C4H and 4CL in developing rice seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choonseok Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jong Hong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Cheol Hong
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dool-Yi Kim
- National Institute of Crop Science, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Choong Ok
- Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Soo Choi
- National Institute of Crop Science, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kwon Park
- Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Kim
- National Institute of Crop Science, Wanju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JK); (HJK)
| | - Hee-Jong Koh
- Department of Plant Science, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, and Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JK); (HJK)
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Singh N, Kumaria S. Molecular cloning and characterization of chalcone synthase gene from Coelogyne ovalis Lindl. and its stress-dependent expression. Gene 2020; 762:145104. [PMID: 32889060 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chalcone synthase (CHS, EC 2.3.1.74) is one of the key and rate-limiting enzymes of phenylpropanoid pathway which plays superior roles in the production of secondary metabolites. In the present study a full-length cDNA of CHS gene was isolated and characterized from Coelogyne ovalis, an orchid of ornamental and medicinal importance. The CHS gene sequence from C. ovalis (CoCHS) was found to be 1445 bp and comprised an open reading frame of 1182 bp, encoding for 394 amino acid residues. Further, the sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that CoCHS protein shared high degree of similarity with CHS protein of other orchid species. It also confirmed that it contained all four motifs (I to IV) and signature sequence for the functionality of this gene. Structural modeling of CoCHS based on the crystallographic structure of Freesia hybrida indicated that CoCHS had a similar structure. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) disclosed that CoCHS was expressed in all tissues examined, with the highest transcript being in leaves, followed by pseudobulbs and roots. CoCHS expression was also evaluated in the in vitro-raised plantlets under the abiotic stress (dark, cold, UV-B, wounding, salinity). mRNA transcript expression of CHS gene was found to be positively enhanced and regulated by the different stress types. A correlation between the CoCHS transcript expression with flavonoid and anthocyanin contents revealed that a positive correlation existed between metabolites' content and CoCHS expression within the in vivo as well as in the in vitro-raised plant parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nutan Singh
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India
| | - Suman Kumaria
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya 793022, India.
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25
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Isayenkov S, Hilo A, Rizzo P, Tandron Moya YA, Rolletschek H, Borisjuk L, Radchuk V. Adaptation Strategies of Halophytic Barley Hordeum marinum ssp. marinum to High Salinity and Osmotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239019. [PMID: 33260985 PMCID: PMC7730945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The adaptation strategies of halophytic seaside barley Hordeum marinum to high salinity and osmotic stress were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, as well as ionomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic approaches. When compared with cultivated barley, seaside barley exhibited a better plant growth rate, higher relative plant water content, lower osmotic pressure, and sustained photosynthetic activity under high salinity, but not under osmotic stress. As seaside barley is capable of controlling Na+ and Cl− concentrations in leaves at high salinity, the roots appear to play the central role in salinity adaptation, ensured by the development of thinner and likely lignified roots, as well as fine-tuning of membrane transport for effective management of restriction of ion entry and sequestration, accumulation of osmolytes, and minimization of energy costs. By contrast, more resources and energy are required to overcome the consequences of osmotic stress, particularly the severity of reactive oxygen species production and nutritional disbalance which affect plant growth. Our results have identified specific mechanisms for adaptation to salinity in seaside barley which differ from those activated in response to osmotic stress. Increased knowledge around salt tolerance in halophytic wild relatives will provide a basis for improved breeding of salt-tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Isayenkov
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; (A.H.); (P.R.); (Y.A.T.M.); (H.R.); (L.B.)
- Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics NAS of Ukraine, Osipovskogo Street, 2a, 04123 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (V.R.)
| | - Alexander Hilo
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; (A.H.); (P.R.); (Y.A.T.M.); (H.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Paride Rizzo
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; (A.H.); (P.R.); (Y.A.T.M.); (H.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Yudelsy Antonia Tandron Moya
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; (A.H.); (P.R.); (Y.A.T.M.); (H.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; (A.H.); (P.R.); (Y.A.T.M.); (H.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; (A.H.); (P.R.); (Y.A.T.M.); (H.R.); (L.B.)
| | - Volodymyr Radchuk
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstrasse 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany; (A.H.); (P.R.); (Y.A.T.M.); (H.R.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (V.R.)
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26
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Mariotti R, Belaj A, De La Rosa R, Leòn L, Brizioli F, Baldoni L, Mousavi S. EST-SNP Study of Olea europaea L. Uncovers Functional Polymorphisms between Cultivated and Wild Olives. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E916. [PMID: 32785094 PMCID: PMC7465833 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The species Olea europaea includes cultivated varieties (subsp. europaea var. europaea), wild plants (subsp. europaea var. sylvestris), and five other subspecies spread over almost all continents. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the expressed sequence tag able to underline intra-species differentiation are not yet identified, beyond a few plastidial markers. METHODS In the present work, more than 1000 transcript-specific SNP markers obtained by the genotyping of 260 individuals were studied. These genotypes included cultivated, oleasters, and samples of subspecies guanchica, and were analyzed in silico, in order to identify polymorphisms on key genes distinguishing different Olea europaea forms. RESULTS Phylogeny inference and principal coordinate analysis allowed to detect two distinct clusters, clearly separating wilds and guanchica samples from cultivated olives, meanwhile the structure analysis made possible to differentiate these three groups. Sequences carrying the polymorphisms that distinguished wild and cultivated olives were analyzed and annotated, allowing to identify 124 candidate genes that have a functional role in flower development, stress response, or involvement in important metabolic pathways. Signatures of selection that occurred during olive domestication, were detected and reported. CONCLUSION This deep EST-SNP analysis provided important information on the genetic and genomic diversity of the olive complex, opening new opportunities to detect gene polymorphisms with potential functional and evolutionary roles, and to apply them in genomics-assisted breeding, highlighting the importance of olive germplasm conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mariotti
- CNR—Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128 Perugia, Italy; (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Angjelina Belaj
- IFAPA—Centro Alameda del Obispo, Avda Menendez Pidal, s/n, E-14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.B.); (R.D.L.R.); (L.L.)
| | - Raul De La Rosa
- IFAPA—Centro Alameda del Obispo, Avda Menendez Pidal, s/n, E-14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.B.); (R.D.L.R.); (L.L.)
| | - Lorenzo Leòn
- IFAPA—Centro Alameda del Obispo, Avda Menendez Pidal, s/n, E-14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.B.); (R.D.L.R.); (L.L.)
| | - Federico Brizioli
- CNR—Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128 Perugia, Italy; (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Luciana Baldoni
- CNR—Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128 Perugia, Italy; (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Soraya Mousavi
- CNR—Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128 Perugia, Italy; (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.M.)
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27
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Pandith SA, Ramazan S, Khan MI, Reshi ZA, Shah MA. Chalcone synthases (CHSs): the symbolic type III polyketide synthases. PLANTA 2019; 251:15. [PMID: 31776718 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Present review provides a thorough insight on some significant aspects of CHSs over a period of about past three decades with a better outlook for future studies toward comprehending the structural and mechanistic intricacy of this symbolic enzyme. Polyketide synthases (PKSs) form a large family of iteratively acting multifunctional proteins that are involved in the biosynthesis of spectrum of natural products. They exhibit remarkable versatility in the structural configuration and functional organization with an incredible ability to generate different classes of compounds other than the characteristic secondary metabolite constituents. Architecturally, chalcone synthase (CHS) is considered to be the simplest representative of Type III PKSs. The enzyme is pivotal for phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and is also well known for catalyzing the initial step of the flavonoid/isoflavonoid pathway. Being the first Type III enzyme to be discovered, CHS has been subjected to ample investigations which, to a greater extent, have tried to understand its structural complexity and promiscuous functional behavior. In this context, we vehemently tried to collect the fragmented information entirely focussed on this symbolic enzyme from about past three-four decades. The aim of this review is to selectively summarize data on some of the fundamental aspects of CHSs viz, its history and distribution, localization, structure and analogs in non-plant hosts, promoter analyses, and role in defense, with an emphasis on mechanistic studies in different species and vis-à-vis mutation-led changes, and evolutionary significance which has been discussed in detail. The present review gives an insight with a better perspective for the scientific community for future studies devoted towards delimiting the mechanistic and structural basis of polyketide biosynthetic machinery vis-à-vis CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzad A Pandith
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
| | - Salika Ramazan
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Mohd Ishfaq Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Zafar A Reshi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Manzoor A Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
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28
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Glagoleva AY, Ivanisenko NV, Khlestkina EK. Organization and evolution of the chalcone synthase gene family in bread wheat and relative species. BMC Genet 2019; 20:30. [PMID: 30885129 PMCID: PMC6421938 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Flavonoid compounds are secondary plant metabolites, having a functional importance in plant development, protection from pathogens and unfavorable environmental factors. Chalcone synthase (CHS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of flavonoids; it is involved in biosynthesis of all classes of flavonoid compounds. Nevertheless, the Chs gene family in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been not characterized yet. The aim of the current study was to investigate structural and functional organization of the Chs genes and evolution of this gene family in bread wheat and relative species. Results The nucleotide sequences of the eight Chs copies in T. aestivum were identified. Among them, two homoeologous sets of the Chs genes were located on the short (Chs-A1, −B1, −D1) and the long (Chs-A4, −B4, −D4) arms of homoeologous group 2 chromosomes. Two paralogous gene copies in the B-genome (Chs-B2, −B3) were located in the distal regions of 2BS chromosome. To clarify the origin of Chs duplications in the B-genome the phylogenetic analysis with the Chs sequences of Triticum and Aegilops species carrying ancestral genomes was conducted. It was estimated that the first duplication event occurred in the genome of the common ancestor of Triticum and Aegilops genera about 10–12 million years ago (MYA), then another copy was formed in the ancestor of the B-genome about 6–7 MYA. A homology modeling revealed high sequence similarity of bread wheat CHS enzymes. A number of short deletions in coding regions of some Chs sequences are not expected to have any significant functional effects. Estimation of transcriptional activity of the Chs copies along with a comparative analysis of their promoters structure suggested their functional specialization, which likely contributed to the maintaining of the duplicated Chs genes in wheat genome. Conclusions From possible ten Chs copies in bread wheat genome, eight members of this family retained their intact structure and activity, while two copies appear to be lost at the level of diploid and tetraploid ancestors. Transcriptional assay along with a comparative analysis of the cis-regulatory elements revealed their functional diversification. The multiple functions supported by the Chs family are assumed to be a driving force for duplications of the Chs gene and their retention in plant genome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12863-019-0727-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikita V Ivanisenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena K Khlestkina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.,N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Chen S, Wu F, Li Y, Qian Y, Pan X, Li F, Wang Y, Wu Z, Fu C, Lin H, Yang A. NtMYB4 and NtCHS1 Are Critical Factors in the Regulation of Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Are Involved in Salinity Responsiveness. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:178. [PMID: 30846995 PMCID: PMC6393349 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
High levels of salinity induce serious oxidative damage in plants. Flavonoids, as antioxidants, have important roles in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. In the present study, the tobacco R2R3 MYB type repressor, NtMYB4, was isolated and characterized. The expression of NtMYB4 was suppressed by salinity. Overexpression of NtMYB4 reduced the salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants. NtMYB4 repressed the promoter activity of NtCHS1 and negatively regulated its expression. Rutin accumulation was significantly decreased in NtMYB4 overexpressing transgenic plants and NtCHS1 RNAi silenced transgenic plants. Moreover, high H2O2 andO 2 - contents were detected in both types of rutin-reduced transgenic plants under high salt stress. In addition, exogenous rutin supplementation effectively scavenged ROS (H2O2 andO 2 - ) and improved the salt tolerance of the rutin-reduced transgenic plants. In contrast, NtCHS1 overexpressing plants had increased rutin accumulation, lower H2O2 andO 2 - contents, and higher tolerance to salinity. These results suggested that tobacco NtMYB4 acts as a salinity response repressor and negatively regulates NtCHS1 expression, which results in the reduced flavonoid accumulation and weakened ROS-scavenging ability under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengyan Wu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanli Qian
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuhao Pan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fengxia Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanying Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenying Wu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunxiang Fu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Liu Q, Tang J, Wang W, Zhang Y, Yuan H, Huang S. Transcriptome analysis reveals complex response of the medicinal/ornamental halophyte Iris halophila Pall. to high environmental salinity. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:250-260. [PMID: 30199796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The remediation and subsequent use of saline-alkaline land are of great significance to ecological environment construction and sustainable agricultural development. Iris halophila Pall. is a salt-tolerant medicinal and ornamental plant, which has good application prospects in the ecological construction of saline-alkaline land; therefore, study of the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in I. halophila has important theoretical and practical value. To evaluate the molecular mechanism of the response of I. halophila to salt toxicity, I. halophila seedlings were treated with salt (300 mM NaCl) and subjected to deep RNA sequencing. The clean reads were obtained and assembled into 297,188 unigenes. Among them, 1120 and 100 salt-responsive genes were identified in I. halophila shoots and roots, respectively. Among them, the key flavonoid and lignin biosynthetic genes, hormone signaling genes, sodium/potassium ion transporter genes, and transcription factors were analyzed and summarized. Quantitative reverse-transcription PCR analysis strengthened the reliability of the RNA sequencing results. This work provides an overview of the transcriptomic responses to salt toxicity in I. halophila and identifies the responsive genes that may contribute to its reduced salt toxicity. These results lay an important foundation for further study of the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in I. halophila and related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingquan Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yongxia Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Suzhen Huang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Naing AH, Park KI, Ai TN, Chung MY, Han JS, Kang YW, Lim KB, Kim CK. Overexpression of snapdragon Delila (Del) gene in tobacco enhances anthocyanin accumulation and abiotic stress tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:65. [PMID: 28335727 PMCID: PMC5364578 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rosea1 (Ros1) and Delila (Del) co-expression controls anthocyanin accumulation in snapdragon flowers, while their overexpression in tomato strongly induces anthocyanin accumulation. However, little data exist on how Del expression alone influences anthocyanin accumulation. RESULTS In tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum 'Xanthi'), Del expression enhanced leaf and flower anthocyanin production through regulating NtCHS, NtCHI, NtF3H, NtDFR, and NtANS transcript levels. Transgenic lines displayed different anthocyanin colors (e.g., pale red: T0-P, red: T0-R, and strong red: T0-S), resulting from varying levels of biosynthetic gene transcripts. Under salt stress, the T2 generation had higher total polyphenol content, radical (DPPH, ABTS) scavenging activities, antioxidant-related gene expression, as well as overall greater salt and drought tolerance than wild type (WT). CONCLUSION We propose that Del overexpression elevates transcript levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic and antioxidant-related genes, leading to enhanced anthocyanin production and antioxidant activity. The resultant increase of anthocyanin and antioxidant activity improves abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aung Htay Naing
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 4165122 South Korea
| | - Kyeung Il Park
- Department of Horticulture & Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 South Korea
| | - Trinh Ngoc Ai
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 4165122 South Korea
| | - Mi Young Chung
- Department of Agricultural Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Jeung Sul Han
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 4165122 South Korea
| | - Young-Wha Kang
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 4165122 South Korea
| | - Ki Byung Lim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 4165122 South Korea
| | - Chang Kil Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 4165122 South Korea
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Hu L, He H, Zhu C, Peng X, Fu J, He X, Chen X, Ouyang L, Bian J, Liu S. Genome-wide identification and phylogenetic analysis of the chalcone synthase gene family in rice. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2017; 130:95-105. [PMID: 27878652 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The enzymes of the chalcone synthase family are also known as type III polyketide synthases (PKS), and produce a series of secondary metabolites in bacteria, fungi and plants. In a number of plants, genes encoding PKS comprise a large multigene family. Currently, detailed reports on rice (Oryza sativa) PKS (OsPKS) family genes and tissue expression profiling are limited. Here, 27 candidate OsPKS genes were identified in the rice genome,and 23 gene structures were confirmed by EST and cDNA sequencing; phylogenetic analysis has indicated that these 23 OsPKS members could be clustered into three groups (I-III). Comparative analysis has shown OsPKS08 and OsPKS26 could be classified with the CHS genes of other species. Two members OsPKS10 and OsPKS21 were grouped into anther specific chalcone synthase-like (ASCL) clade. Intron/exon structure analysis revealed that nearly all of the OsPKS members contained one phase-1 intron at a conserved Cys. Analysis of chromosomal localization and genome distribution showed that some of the members were distributed on a chromosome as a cluster. Expression data exhibited widespread distribution of the rice OsPKS gene family within plant tissues, suggesting functional diversification of the OsPKS genes. Our results will contribute to future study of the complexity of the OsPKS gene family in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nangchang, 330045, China
- Collaboration Center for Double Cropping Rice Modernization Production, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Haohua He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nangchang, 330045, China
- Collaboration Center for Double Cropping Rice Modernization Production, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China
- Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Changlan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nangchang, 330045, China
| | - Xiaosong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nangchang, 330045, China
| | - Junru Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nangchang, 330045, China
| | - Xiaopeng He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nangchang, 330045, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nangchang, 330045, China
| | - Linjuan Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nangchang, 330045, China
| | - Jianmin Bian
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nangchang, 330045, China
| | - Shiqiang Liu
- School of Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang Economic and Technological Development District, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, China.
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Pi E, Qu L, Hu J, Huang Y, Qiu L, Lu H, Jiang B, Liu C, Peng T, Zhao Y, Wang H, Tsai SN, Ngai S, Du L. Mechanisms of Soybean Roots' Tolerances to Salinity Revealed by Proteomic and Phosphoproteomic Comparisons Between Two Cultivars. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:266-88. [PMID: 26407991 PMCID: PMC4762511 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.051961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding molecular mechanisms underlying plant salinity tolerance provides valuable knowledgebase for effective crop improvement through genetic engineering. Current proteomic technologies, which support reliable and high-throughput analyses, have been broadly used for exploring sophisticated molecular networks in plants. In the current study, we compared phosphoproteomic and proteomic changes in roots of different soybean seedlings of a salt-tolerant cultivar (Wenfeng07) and a salt-sensitive cultivar (Union85140) induced by salt stress. The root samples of Wenfeng07 and Union85140 at three-trifoliate stage were collected at 0 h, 0.5 h, 1 h, 4 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after been treated with 150 mm NaCl. LC-MS/MS based phosphoproteomic analysis of these samples identified a total of 2692 phosphoproteins and 5509 phosphorylation sites. Of these, 2344 phosphoproteins containing 3744 phosphorylation sites were quantitatively analyzed. Our results showed that 1163 phosphorylation sites were differentially phosphorylated in the two compared cultivars. Among them, 10 MYB/MYB transcription factor like proteins were identified with fluctuating phosphorylation modifications at different time points, indicating that their crucial roles in regulating flavonol accumulation might be mediated by phosphorylated modifications. In addition, the protein expression profiles of these two cultivars were compared using LC MS/MS based shotgun proteomic analysis, and expression pattern of all the 89 differentially expressed proteins were independently confirmed by qRT-PCR. Interestingly, the enzymes involved in chalcone metabolic pathway exhibited positive correlations with salt tolerance. We confirmed the functional relevance of chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes using soybean composites and Arabidopsis thaliana mutants, and found that their salt tolerance were positively regulated by chalcone synthase, but was negatively regulated by chalcone isomerase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase. A novel salt tolerance pathway involving chalcone metabolism, mostly mediated by phosphorylated MYB transcription factors, was proposed based on our findings. (The mass spectrometry raw data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002856).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erxu Pi
- From the ‡College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, PR China;
| | - Liqun Qu
- From the ‡College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, PR China
| | - Jianwen Hu
- §Shanghai Applied Protein Technology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Yingying Huang
- From the ‡College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, PR China
| | - Lijuan Qiu
- ¶The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hongfei Lu
- ‖College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Bo Jiang
- **College of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, PR China
| | - Cong Liu
- From the ‡College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, PR China
| | - Tingting Peng
- From the ‡College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, PR China
| | - Ying Zhao
- From the ‡College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, PR China
| | - Huizhong Wang
- From the ‡College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, PR China
| | - Sau-Na Tsai
- ‡‡Centre for Soybean Research of Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Saiming Ngai
- ‡‡Centre for Soybean Research of Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Liqun Du
- From the ‡College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310036, PR China;
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