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Bernacki MJ, Rusaczonek A, Gołębiewska K, Majewska-Fala AB, Czarnocka W, Karpiński SM. METACASPASE8 (MC8) Is a Crucial Protein in the LSD1-Dependent Cell Death Pathway in Response to Ultraviolet Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3195. [PMID: 38542169 PMCID: PMC10970217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
LESION-SIMULATING DISEASE1 (LSD1) is one of the well-known cell death regulatory proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. The lsd1 mutant exhibits runaway cell death (RCD) in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The phenotype of the lsd1 mutant strongly depends on two other proteins, ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) and PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) as well as on the synthesis/metabolism/signaling of salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the most interesting aspect of the lsd1 mutant is its conditional-dependent RCD phenotype, and thus, the defined role and function of LSD1 in the suppression of EDS1 and PAD4 in controlled laboratory conditions is different in comparison to a multivariable field environment. Analysis of the lsd1 mutant transcriptome in ambient laboratory and field conditions indicated that there were some candidate genes and proteins that might be involved in the regulation of the lsd1 conditional-dependent RCD phenotype. One of them is METACASPASE 8 (AT1G16420). This type II metacaspase was described as a cell death-positive regulator induced by UV-C irradiation and ROS accumulation. In the double mc8/lsd1 mutant, we discovered reversion of the lsd1 RCD phenotype in response to UV radiation applied in controlled laboratory conditions. This cell death deregulation observed in the lsd1 mutant was reverted like in double mutants of lsd1/eds1 and lsd1/pad4. To summarize, in this work, we demonstrated that MC8 is positively involved in EDS1 and PAD4 conditional-dependent regulation of cell death when LSD1 function is suppressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Thus, we identified a new protein compound of the conditional LSD1-EDS1-PAD4 regulatory hub. We proposed a working model of MC8 involvement in the regulation of cell death and we postulated that MC8 is a crucial protein in this regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jerzy Bernacki
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland;
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (A.B.M.-F.)
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (W.C.)
| | - Kinga Gołębiewska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (A.B.M.-F.)
| | - Agata Barbara Majewska-Fala
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (A.B.M.-F.)
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (W.C.)
| | - Stanisław Mariusz Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (A.B.M.-F.)
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Zeng H, Xu H, Tan M, Zhang B, Shi H. LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 3 regulates disease resistance via fine-tuning histone acetylation in cassava. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2232-2247. [PMID: 37534747 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial blight seriously affects the growth and production of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), but disease resistance genes and the underlying molecular mechanism remain unknown. In this study, we found that LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 3 (MeLSD3) is essential for disease resistance in cassava. MeLSD3 physically interacts with SIRTUIN 1 (MeSRT1), inhibiting MeSRT1-mediated deacetylation modification at the acetylation of histone 3 at K9 (H3K9Ac). This leads to increased H3K9Ac levels and transcriptional activation of SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1 (SOBIR1) and FLAGELLIN-SENSITIVE2 (FLS2) in pattern-triggered immunity, resulting in immune responses in cassava. When MeLSD3 was silenced, the release of MeSRT1 directly decreased H3K9Ac levels and inhibited the transcription of SOBIR1 and FLS2, leading to decreased disease resistance. Notably, DELLA protein GIBBERELLIC ACID INSENSITIVE 1 (MeGAI1) also interacted with MeLSD3, which enhanced the interaction between MeLSD3 and MeSRT1 and further strengthened the inhibition of MeSRT1-mediated deacetylation modification at H3K9Ac of defense genes. In summary, this study illustrates the mechanism by which MeLSD3 interacts with MeSRT1 and MeGAI1, thereby mediating the level of H3K9Ac and the transcription of defense genes and immune responses in cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiu Zeng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Nanfan, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, 572025, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Haoran Xu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Nanfan, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Mengting Tan
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Nanfan, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Nanfan, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Salt Tolerant Crops of Hainan Province, School of Nanfan, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Hainan University, 572025, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, 572025, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
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Bernacki MJ, Mielecki J, Antczak A, Drożdżek M, Witoń D, Dąbrowska-Bronk J, Gawroński P, Burdiak P, Marchwicka M, Rusaczonek A, Dąbkowska-Susfał K, Strobel WR, Mellerowicz EJ, Zawadzki J, Szechyńska-Hebda M, Karpiński S. Biotechnological Potential of the Stress Response and Plant Cell Death Regulators Proteins in the Biofuel Industry. Cells 2023; 12:2018. [PMID: 37626829 PMCID: PMC10453534 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of biofuel from lignocellulosic biomass is relatively low due to the limited knowledge about natural cell wall loosening and cellulolytic processes in plants. Industrial separation of cellulose fiber mass from lignin, its saccharification and alcoholic fermentation is still cost-ineffective and environmentally unfriendly. Assuming that the green transformation is inevitable and that new sources of raw materials for biofuels are needed, we decided to study cell death-a natural process occurring in plants in the context of reducing the recalcitrance of lignocellulose for the production of second-generation bioethanol. "Members of the enzyme families responsible for lysigenous aerenchyma formation were identified during the root hypoxia stress in Arabidopsis thaliana cell death mutants. The cell death regulatory genes, LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 (LSD1), PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) and ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) conditionally regulate the cell wall when suppressed in transgenic aspen. During four years of growth in the field, the following effects were observed: lignin content was reduced, the cellulose fiber polymerization degree increased and the growth itself was unaffected. The wood of transgenic trees was more efficient as a substrate for saccharification, alcoholic fermentation and bioethanol production. The presented results may trigger the development of novel biotechnologies in the biofuel industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jerzy Bernacki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.B.); (J.M.); (D.W.); (P.G.); (P.B.)
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland;
| | - Jakub Mielecki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.B.); (J.M.); (D.W.); (P.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Andrzej Antczak
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.A.); (M.D.); (M.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Michał Drożdżek
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.A.); (M.D.); (M.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.B.); (J.M.); (D.W.); (P.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Joanna Dąbrowska-Bronk
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Gawroński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.B.); (J.M.); (D.W.); (P.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Paweł Burdiak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.B.); (J.M.); (D.W.); (P.G.); (P.B.)
| | - Monika Marchwicka
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.A.); (M.D.); (M.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | | | - Wacław Roman Strobel
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences—National Research Institute, Falenty, Al. Hrabska 3, 05-090 Raszyn, Poland;
| | - Ewa J. Mellerowicz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901-83 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Janusz Zawadzki
- Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.A.); (M.D.); (M.M.); (J.Z.)
| | | | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.J.B.); (J.M.); (D.W.); (P.G.); (P.B.)
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4
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Xu D, Tang Q, Xu P, Schäffner AR, Leister D, Kleine T. Response of the organellar and nuclear (post)transcriptomes of Arabidopsis to drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1220928. [PMID: 37528975 PMCID: PMC10387551 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1220928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to cope with drought, which involve massive changes in nuclear gene expression. However, little is known about the roles of post-transcriptional processing of nuclear or organellar transcripts and how meaningful these changes are. To address these issues, we used RNA-sequencing after ribosomal RNA depletion to monitor (post)transcriptional changes during different times of drought exposure in Arabidopsis Col-0. Concerning the changes detected in the organellar transcriptomes, chloroplast transcript levels were globally reduced, editing efficiency dropped, but splicing was not affected. Mitochondrial transcripts were slightly elevated, while editing and splicing were unchanged. Conversely, alternative splicing (AS) affected nearly 1,500 genes (9% of expressed nuclear genes). Of these, 42% were regulated solely at the level of AS, representing transcripts that would have gone unnoticed in a microarray-based approach. Moreover, we identified 927 isoform switching events. We provide a table of the most interesting candidates, and as proof of principle, increased drought tolerance of the carbonic anhydrase ca1 and ca2 mutants is shown. In addition, altering the relative contributions of the spliced isoforms could increase drought resistance. For example, our data suggest that the accumulation of a nonfunctional FLM (FLOWERING LOCUS M) isoform and not the ratio of FLM-ß and -δ isoforms may be responsible for the phenotype of early flowering under long-day drought conditions. In sum, our data show that AS enhances proteome diversity to counteract drought stress and represent a valuable resource that will facilitate the development of new strategies to improve plant performance under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duorong Xu
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Qian Tang
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Anton R. Schäffner
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Plant Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Szechyńska-Hebda M, Ghalami RZ, Kamran M, Van Breusegem F, Karpiński S. To Be or Not to Be? Are Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidants, and Stress Signalling Universal Determinants of Life or Death? Cells 2022; 11:cells11244105. [PMID: 36552869 PMCID: PMC9777155 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the environmental and organism context, oxidative stress is complex and unavoidable. Organisms simultaneously cope with a various combination of stress factors in natural conditions. For example, excess light stress is accompanied by UV stress, heat shock stress, and/or water stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant molecules, coordinated by electrical signalling (ES), are an integral part of the stress signalling network in cells and organisms. They together regulate gene expression to redirect energy to growth, acclimation, or defence, and thereby, determine cellular stress memory and stress crosstalk. In plants, both abiotic and biotic stress increase energy quenching, photorespiration, stomatal closure, and leaf temperature, while toning down photosynthesis and transpiration. Locally applied stress induces ES, ROS, retrograde signalling, cell death, and cellular light memory, then acclimation and defence responses in the local organs, whole plant, or even plant community (systemic acquired acclimation, systemic acquired resistance, network acquired acclimation). A simplified analogy can be found in animals where diseases vs. fitness and prolonged lifespan vs. faster aging, are dependent on mitochondrial ROS production and ES, and body temperature is regulated by sweating, temperature-dependent respiration, and gene regulation. In this review, we discuss the universal features of stress factors, ES, the cellular production of ROS molecules, ROS scavengers, hormones, and other regulators that coordinate life and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: or (M.S.-H.); (S.K.)
| | - Roshanak Zarrin Ghalami
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- UGent Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology Ghent University, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: or (M.S.-H.); (S.K.)
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6
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Ramírez-Zavaleta CY, García-Barrera LJ, Rodríguez-Verástegui LL, Arrieta-Flores D, Gregorio-Jorge J. An Overview of PRR- and NLR-Mediated Immunities: Conserved Signaling Components across the Plant Kingdom That Communicate Both Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12974. [PMID: 36361764 PMCID: PMC9654257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are plant immune proteins that trigger an orchestrated downstream signaling in response to molecules of microbial origin or host plant origin. Historically, PRRs have been associated with pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), whereas NLRs have been involved with effector-triggered immunity (ETI). However, recent studies reveal that such binary distinction is far from being applicable to the real world. Although the perception of plant pathogens and the final mounting response are achieved by different means, central hubs involved in signaling are shared between PTI and ETI, blurring the zig-zag model of plant immunity. In this review, we not only summarize our current understanding of PRR- and NLR-mediated immunities in plants, but also highlight those signaling components that are evolutionarily conserved across the plant kingdom. Altogether, we attempt to offer an overview of how plants mediate and integrate the induction of the defense responses that comprise PTI and ETI, emphasizing the need for more evolutionary molecular plant-microbe interactions (EvoMPMI) studies that will pave the way to a better understanding of the emergence of the core molecular machinery involved in the so-called evolutionary arms race between plants and microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candy Yuriria Ramírez-Zavaleta
- Programa Académico de Ingeniería en Biotecnología—Cuerpo Académico Procesos Biotecnológicos, Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, Av. Universidad Politécnica 1, Tepeyanco 90180, Mexico
| | - Laura Jeannette García-Barrera
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Av. de las Culturas, Veracruzanas No. 101, Xalapa 91090, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carretera Estatal Santa Inés Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla Km.1.5, Santa Inés-Tecuexcomac-Tepetitla 90700, Mexico
| | | | - Daniela Arrieta-Flores
- Programa Académico de Ingeniería en Biotecnología—Cuerpo Académico Procesos Biotecnológicos, Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, Av. Universidad Politécnica 1, Tepeyanco 90180, Mexico
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México 09310, Mexico
| | - Josefat Gregorio-Jorge
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología—Comisión Nacional del Agua, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Col. Crédito Constructor, Del. Benito Juárez, Ciudad de México 03940, Mexico
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7
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Du B, Ma X, Liu H, Dong K, Liu H, Zhang Y. Transcription factor MdLSD1 negatively regulates α-farnesene biosynthesis in apple-fruit skin tissue. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:1076-1083. [PMID: 35567570 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
α-Farnesene is a sesquiterpene present in plants. It was first discovered in apples. It plays an important role in the plant defence response and is considered a key factor in the occurrence of superficial scald. The gene encoding α-farnesene synthase, which is the last key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of α-farnesene in apple fruit, has become the primary target enzyme for controlling the genetic manipulation of α-farnesene biosynthesis. In this study, the yeast one-hybrid assay and the dual luciferase assay were used to ascertain the relationship between MdLSD1 and MdAFS. Real-time PCR was used to analyse the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of MdAFS by MdLSD1. Our results revealed that transcription factor MdLSD1, which is closely related to programmed cell death in apple fruit tissues, binds to MdAFS. Transient transformation of apple skin with vectors overexpressing MdLSD1 showed that the gene negatively regulates MdAFS. Overall, we suggest that MdLSD1 negatively regulates MdAFS. Our results are of great significance for future research on the transcriptional regulation of the α-farnesene synthase gene and provide a new direction for exploring the specific mechanism of programmed cell death involved in superficial-scald incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - X Ma
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - H Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - K Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - H Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
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Foamed Eco-Geopolymer Modified by Perlite and Cellulose as a Construction Material for Energy-Efficient Buildings. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15124297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible climate change, including atmosphere temperature extremes, is one of the most important issues of the present time. In this context, the construction industry requires solutions for increasing the energy efficiency of buildings through feedback between temperature adjustment inside buildings and better isolation of the external parts of buildings. Newly developed thermal insulation materials play an important role in this strategy. This paper presents the foamed geopolymer based on metakaolin that can be used as a modern facade material. In order to further improve its thermal insulation properties, the composition of geopolymer was modified with organic substances, i.e., perlite and cellulose fibers (30% and 50% of the volume). The thermal conductivity and insulation properties, density, mineral phases, absorbability, and compressive strength were improved for composite materials. It has been shown that the final properties of the foamed geopolymer can be controlled to a great extent by modifications, and the final properties determine its applicability.
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9
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Chen Y, Zhang JB, Wei N, Liu ZH, Li Y, Zheng Y, Li XB. A type-2C protein phosphatase (GhDRP1) participates in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) response to drought stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:499-517. [PMID: 34596817 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01198-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
GhDRP1 acts as a negatively regulator to participate in response to drought stress possibly by modulating ABA signaling pathway and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway which affects stomata movement and thus water loss, ROS scavenging enzymes, and proline accumulation in cotton. Type-2C protein phosphatases (PP2C) may play important roles in plant stress signal transduction. Here, we show the evidence that a cotton PP2C protein GhDRP1 participates in plant response to drought stress. GhDRP1 gene encodes an active type-2C protein phosphatase (PP2C) and its expression is significantly induced in cotton by drought stress. Compared with wild type, the GhDRP1 overexpression (OE) transgenic cotton and Arabidopsis displayed reduced drought tolerance, whereas GhDRP1-silenced (RNAi) cotton showed enhanced drought tolerance. Under drought stress, malondialdehyde content was lower, whereas superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities, proline content, stomata closure and relative water content were higher in GhDRP1 RNAi plants compared with those in wild type. In contrast, GhDRP1 OE plants showed the opposite phenotype under the same conditions. Expression levels of some stress-related and flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes were altered in GhDRP1 transgenic plants under drought stress. Additionally, GhDRP1 protein could interact with other proteins such as PYLs, SNF1-related protein kinase and GLK1-like protein. Collectively, these data suggest that GhDRP1 participates in plant response to drought stress possibly by modulating ABA signaling pathway and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway which affects stomata movement and thus water loss, ROS scavenging enzymes, and proline accumulation in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Jing-Bo Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Yang Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xue-Bao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Rajput M, Choudhary K, Kumar M, Vivekanand V, Chawade A, Ortiz R, Pareek N. RNA Interference and CRISPR/Cas Gene Editing for Crop Improvement: Paradigm Shift towards Sustainable Agriculture. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091914. [PMID: 34579446 PMCID: PMC8467553 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid population growth, there is an urgent need for innovative crop improvement approaches to meet the increasing demand for food. Classical crop improvement approaches involve, however, a backbreaking process that cannot equipoise with increasing crop demand. RNA-based approaches i.e., RNAi-mediated gene regulation and the site-specific nuclease-based CRISPR/Cas9 system for gene editing has made advances in the efficient targeted modification in many crops for the higher yield and resistance to diseases and different stresses. In functional genomics, RNA interference (RNAi) is a propitious gene regulatory approach that plays a significant role in crop improvement by permitting the downregulation of gene expression by small molecules of interfering RNA without affecting the expression of other genes. Gene editing technologies viz. the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) have appeared prominently as a powerful tool for precise targeted modification of nearly all crops' genome sequences to generate variation and accelerate breeding efforts. In this regard, the review highlights the diverse roles and applications of RNAi and CRISPR/Cas9 system as powerful technologies to improve agronomically important plants to enhance crop yields and increase tolerance to environmental stress (biotic or abiotic). Ultimately, these technologies can prove to be important in view of global food security and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Rajput
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India; (M.R.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Khushboo Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India; (M.R.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India; (M.R.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
| | - V. Vivekanand
- Centre for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Aakash Chawade
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (N.P.)
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 101, 230 53 Alnarp, Sweden;
| | - Nidhi Pareek
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305801, Rajasthan, India; (M.R.); (K.C.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (N.P.)
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11
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Witoń D, Sujkowska-Rybkowska M, Dąbrowska-Bronk J, Czarnocka W, Bernacki M, Szechyńska-Hebda M, Karpiński S. MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 4 impacts leaf development, temperature, and stomatal movement in hybrid aspen. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:2190-2204. [PMID: 34010410 PMCID: PMC8331162 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movement and density influence plant water use efficiency and thus biomass production. Studies in model plants within controlled environments suggest MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE 4 (MPK4) may be crucial for stomatal regulation. We present functional analysis of MPK4 for hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides) grown under natural field conditions for several seasons. We provide evidence of the role of MPK4 in the genetic and environmental regulation of stomatal formation, differentiation, signaling, and function; control of the photosynthetic and thermal status of leaves; and growth and acclimation responses. The long-term acclimation manifested as variations in stomatal density and distribution. Short-term acclimation responses were derived from changes in the stomatal aperture. MPK4 localized in the cytoplasm of guard cells (GCs) was a positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent stomatal closure and nitric oxide metabolism in the ABA-dependent pathways, while to a lesser extent, it was involved in ABA-induced hydrogen peroxide accumulation. MPK4 also affected the stomatal aperture through deregulation of microtubule patterns and cell wall structure and composition, including via pectin methyl-esterification, and extensin levels in the GC wall. Deregulation of leaf anatomy (cell compaction) and stomatal movement, together with increased light energy absorption, resulted in altered leaf temperature, photosynthesis, cell death, and biomass accumulation in mpk4 transgenic plants. Divergence between absorbed energy and assimilated energy is a bottleneck, and MPK4 can participate in the control of energy dissipation (thermal effects). Furthermore, MPK4 can participate in balancing the photosynthetic energy distribution via its effective use in growth or redirection to acclimation/defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02776, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Dąbrowska-Bronk
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02776, Poland
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02776, Poland
| | - Maciej Bernacki
- Institute of Technology and Life Sciences, Raszyn 05090, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow 30239, Poland
- The Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, National Research Institute, Błonie 05870, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw 02776, Poland
- Author for communication:
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12
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Yadav B, Jogawat A, Rahman MS, Narayan OP. Secondary metabolites in the drought stress tolerance of crop plants: A review. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Jogawat A, Yadav B, Lakra N, Singh AK, Narayan OP. Crosstalk between phytohormones and secondary metabolites in the drought stress tolerance of crop plants: A review. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1106-1132. [PMID: 33421146 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress negatively affects crop performance and weakens global food security. It triggers the activation of downstream pathways, mainly through phytohormones homeostasis and their signaling networks, which further initiate the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (SMs). Roots sense drought stress, the signal travels to the above-ground tissues to induce systemic phytohormones signaling. The systemic signals further trigger the biosynthesis of SMs and stomatal closure to prevent water loss. SMs primarily scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) to protect plants from lipid peroxidation and also perform additional defense-related functions. Moreover, drought-induced volatile SMs can alert the plant tissues to perform drought stress mitigating functions in plants. Other phytohormone-induced stress responses include cell wall and cuticle thickening, root and leaf morphology alteration, and anatomical changes of roots, stems, and leaves, which in turn minimize the oxidative stress, water loss, and other adverse effects of drought. Exogenous applications of phytohormones and genetic engineering of phytohormones signaling and biosynthesis pathways mitigate the drought stress effects. Direct modulation of the SMs biosynthetic pathway genes or indirect via phytohormones' regulation provides drought tolerance. Thus, phytohormones and SMs play key roles in plant development under the drought stress environment in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bindu Yadav
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Nita Lakra
- Department of Biotechnology, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Om Prakash Narayan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Valandro F, Menguer PK, Cabreira-Cagliari C, Margis-Pinheiro M, Cagliari A. Programmed cell death (PCD) control in plants: New insights from the Arabidopsis thaliana deathosome. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 299:110603. [PMID: 32900441 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically controlled process that leads to cell suicide in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. In plants PCD occurs during development, defence response and when exposed to adverse conditions. PCD acts controlling the number of cells by eliminating damaged, old, or unnecessary cells to maintain cellular homeostasis. Unlike in animals, the knowledge about PCD in plants is limited. The molecular network that controls plant PCD is poorly understood. Here we present a review of the current mechanisms involved with the genetic control of PCD in plants. We also present an updated version of the AtLSD1 deathosome, which was previously proposed as a network controlling HR-mediated cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana. Finally, we discuss the unclear points and open questions related to the AtLSD1 deathosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Valandro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | - Paloma Koprovski Menguer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandro Cagliari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), RS, Brazil.
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15
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Baggs EL, Monroe JG, Thanki AS, O'Grady R, Schudoma C, Haerty W, Krasileva KV. Convergent Loss of an EDS1/PAD4 Signaling Pathway in Several Plant Lineages Reveals Coevolved Components of Plant Immunity and Drought Response. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2158-2177. [PMID: 32409319 PMCID: PMC7346574 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant innate immunity relies on nucleotide binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) that recognize pathogen-derived molecules and activate downstream signaling pathways. We analyzed the variation in NLR gene copy number and identified plants with a low number of NLR genes relative to sister species. We specifically focused on four plants from two distinct lineages, one monocot lineage (Alismatales) and one eudicot lineage (Lentibulariaceae). In these lineages, the loss of NLR genes coincides with loss of the well-known downstream immune signaling complex ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1)/PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4). We expanded our analysis across whole proteomes and found that other characterized immune genes were absent only in Lentibulariaceae and Alismatales. Additionally, we identified genes of unknown function that were convergently lost together with EDS1/PAD4 in five plant species. Gene expression analyses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and Oryza sativa revealed that several homologs of the candidates are differentially expressed during pathogen infection, drought, and abscisic acid treatment. Our analysis provides evolutionary evidence for the rewiring of plant immunity in some plant lineages, as well as the coevolution of the EDS1/PAD4 pathway and drought responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Baggs
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Grey Monroe
- University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anil S Thanki
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ruby O'Grady
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Schudoma
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | - Wilfried Haerty
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ksenia V Krasileva
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, United Kingdom
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
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16
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Cheuk A, Ouellet F, Houde M. The barley stripe mosaic virus expression system reveals the wheat C2H2 zinc finger protein TaZFP1B as a key regulator of drought tolerance. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:144. [PMID: 32264833 PMCID: PMC7140352 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drought stress is one of the major factors limiting wheat production globally. Improving drought tolerance is important for agriculture sustainability. Although various morphological, physiological and biochemical responses associated with drought tolerance have been documented, the molecular mechanisms and regulatory genes that are needed to improve drought tolerance in crops require further investigation. We have used a novel 4-component version (for overexpression) and a 3-component version (for underexpression) of a barley stripe mosaic virus-based (BSMV) system for functional characterization of the C2H2-type zinc finger protein TaZFP1B in wheat. These expression systems avoid the need to produce transgenic plant lines and greatly speed up functional gene characterization. RESULTS We show that overexpression of TaZFP1B stimulates plant growth and up-regulates different oxidative stress-responsive genes under well-watered conditions. Plants that overexpress TaZFP1B are more drought tolerant at critical periods of the plant's life cycle. Furthermore, RNA-Seq analysis revealed that plants overexpressing TaZFP1B reprogram their transcriptome, resulting in physiological and physical modifications that help wheat to grow and survive under drought stress. In contrast, plants transformed to underexpress TaZFP1B are significantly less tolerant to drought and growth is negatively affected. CONCLUSIONS This study clearly shows that the two versions of the BSMV system can be used for fast and efficient functional characterization of genes in crops. The extent of transcriptome reprogramming in plants that overexpress TaZFP1B indicates that the encoded transcription factor is a key regulator of drought tolerance in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Cheuk
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Francois Ouellet
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Mario Houde
- Département des Sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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17
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Grzesiak MT, Hordyńska N, Maksymowicz A, Grzesiak S, Szechyńska-Hebda M. Variation Among Spring Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes in Response to the Drought Stress. II-Root System Structure. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E584. [PMID: 31817986 PMCID: PMC6963452 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The study analyzed wheat morphological traits to assess the role of roots structure in the tolerance of drought and to recognize the mechanisms of root structure adjustment to dry soil environment. (2) Methods: Root-box and root-basket methods were applied to maintain an intact root system for analysis. (3) Results: Phenotypic differences among six genotypes with variable drought susceptibility index were found. Under drought, the resistant genotypes lowered their shoot-to-root ratio. Dry matter, number, length, and diameter of nodal and lateral roots were higher in drought-tolerant genotypes than in sensitive ones. The differences in the surface area of the roots were greater in the upper parts of the root system (in the soil layer between 0 and 15 cm) and resulted from the growth of roots of the tolerant plant at an angle of 0-30° and 30-60°. (4) Conclusions: Regulation of root bending in a more downward direction can be important but is not a priority in avoiding drought effects by tolerant plants. If this trait is reduced and accompanied by restricted root development in the upper part of the soil, it becomes a critical factor promoting plant sensitivity to water-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej T. Grzesiak
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland; (N.H.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Natalia Hordyńska
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland; (N.H.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Anna Maksymowicz
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland; (N.H.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Stanisław Grzesiak
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland; (N.H.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland; (N.H.); (A.M.); (S.G.)
- Plant Breeding and Acclimation Institute-National Research Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Radzików, Poland
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18
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Grzesiak MT, Hordyńska N, Maksymowicz A, Grzesiak S, Szechyńska-Hebda M. Variation Among Spring Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes in Response to the Drought Stress. II-Root System Structure. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:plants8120584. [PMID: 31817986 DOI: 10.1080/17429145.2018.1550817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The study analyzed wheat morphological traits to assess the role of roots structure in the tolerance of drought and to recognize the mechanisms of root structure adjustment to dry soil environment. (2) Methods: Root-box and root-basket methods were applied to maintain an intact root system for analysis. (3) Results: Phenotypic differences among six genotypes with variable drought susceptibility index were found. Under drought, the resistant genotypes lowered their shoot-to-root ratio. Dry matter, number, length, and diameter of nodal and lateral roots were higher in drought-tolerant genotypes than in sensitive ones. The differences in the surface area of the roots were greater in the upper parts of the root system (in the soil layer between 0 and 15 cm) and resulted from the growth of roots of the tolerant plant at an angle of 0-30° and 30-60°. (4) Conclusions: Regulation of root bending in a more downward direction can be important but is not a priority in avoiding drought effects by tolerant plants. If this trait is reduced and accompanied by restricted root development in the upper part of the soil, it becomes a critical factor promoting plant sensitivity to water-limiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej T Grzesiak
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Hordyńska
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Maksymowicz
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Stanisław Grzesiak
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- F. Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezpominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
- Plant Breeding and Acclimation Institute-National Research Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Radzików, Poland
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Li S, Liu X, Liu H, Zhang X, Ye Q, Zhang H. Induction, identification and genetics analysis of tetraploid Actinidia chinensis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:191052. [PMID: 31827844 PMCID: PMC6894549 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Actinidia chinensis is a commercially important fruit, and tetraploid breeding of A. chinensis is of great significance for economic benefit. In order to obtain elite tetraploid cultivars, tetraploid plants were induced by colchicine treatment with leaves of diploid A. chinensis 'SWFU03'. The results showed that the best treatment was dipping leaves 30 h in 60 mg l-1 colchicine solutions, with induction rate reaching 26%. Four methods, including external morphology comparison, stomatal guard cell observation, chromosome number observation and flow cytometry analysis were used to identify the tetraploid of A. chinensis. Using the induction system and flow cytometry analysis methods, 187 tetraploid plants were identified. Three randomly selected tetraploid plants and their starting diploid plants were further subjected to transcriptome analysis, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) analysis. The transcriptome analysis results showed that there were a total of 2230 differentially expressed genes (DEG) between the diploid and tetraploid plants, of which 660 were downregulated and 1570 upregulated. The DEGs were mainly the genes involved in growth and development, stress resistance and antibacterial ability in plants. RT-qPCR results showed that the gene expression levels of the growth and stress resistance of tetraploid plants were higher than those of diploid ones at the transcriptome level. MSAP analysis of DNA methylation results showed that tetraploid plants had lower methylation ratio than diploid ones. The present results were valuable to further explore the epigenetics of diploid and tetraploid kiwifruit plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxing Li
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiming Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, State Forest Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinxia Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, State Forest Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650224, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650224, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, State Forest Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650224, People's Republic of China
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20
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Bernacki MJ, Czarnocka W, Szechyńska-Hebda M, Mittler R, Karpiński S. Biotechnological Potential of LSD1, EDS1, and PAD4 in the Improvement of Crops and Industrial Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E290. [PMID: 31426325 PMCID: PMC6724177 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lesion Simulating Disease 1 (LSD1), Enhanced Disease Susceptibility (EDS1) and Phytoalexin Deficient 4 (PAD4) were discovered a quarter century ago as regulators of programmed cell death and biotic stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. Recent studies have demonstrated that these proteins are also required for acclimation responses to various abiotic stresses, such as high light, UV radiation, drought and cold, and that their function is mediated through secondary messengers, such as salicylic acid (SA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), ethylene (ET) and other signaling molecules. Furthermore, LSD1, EDS1 and PAD4 were recently shown to be involved in the modification of cell walls, and the regulation of seed yield, biomass production and water use efficiency. The function of these proteins was not only demonstrated in model plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana or Nicotiana benthamiana, but also in the woody plant Populus tremula x tremuloides. In addition, orthologs of LSD1, EDS1, and PAD4 were found in other plant species, including different crop species. In this review, we focus on specific LSD1, EDS1 and PAD4 features that make them potentially important for agricultural and industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jerzy Bernacki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- The Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek Street 21, 30-239 Cracow, Poland
- The Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Radzików, Poland
| | - Ron Mittler
- The Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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21
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Coelho J, Almeida-Trapp M, Pimentel D, Soares F, Reis P, Rego C, Mithöfer A, Fortes AM. The study of hormonal metabolism of Trincadeira and Syrah cultivars indicates new roles of salicylic acid, jasmonates, ABA and IAA during grape ripening and upon infection with Botrytis cinerea. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:266-277. [PMID: 31128697 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hormones play an important role in fruit ripening and in response to biotic stress. Nevertheless, analyses of hormonal profiling during plant development and defense are scarce. In this work, changes in hormonal metabolism in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) were compared between a susceptible (Trincadeira) and a tolerant (Syrah) variety during grape ripening and upon infection with Botrytis cinerea. Infection of grapes with the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea leads to significant economic losses worldwide. Peppercorn-sized fruits were infected in the field and mock-treated and infected berries were collected at green, veraison and harvest stages for hormone analysis and targeted qPCR analysis of genes involved in hormonal metabolism and signaling. Results indicate a substantial reprogramming of hormonal metabolism during grape ripening and in response to fungal attack. Syrah and Trincadeira presented differences in the metabolism of abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonates during grape ripening that may be connected to fruit quality. On the other hand, high basal levels of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonates and IAA at an early stage of ripening, together with activated SA, jasmonates and IAA signaling, likely enable a fast defense response leading to grape resistance/ tolerance towards B. cinerea. The balance among the different phytohormones seems to depend on the ripening stage and on the intra-specific genetic background and may be fundamental in providing resistance or susceptibility. In addition, this study indicated the involvement of SA and IAA in defense against necrotrophic pathogens and gains insights into possible strategies for conventional breeding and/or gene editing aiming at improving grape quality and grape resistance against Botrytis cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Coelho
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marilia Almeida-Trapp
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Diana Pimentel
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Flávio Soares
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Reis
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília Rego
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ana Margarida Fortes
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
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22
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Bernacki MJ, Czarnocka W, Rusaczonek A, Witoń D, Kęska S, Czyż J, Szechyńska-Hebda M, Karpiński S. LSD1-, EDS1- and PAD4-dependent conditional correlation among salicylic acid, hydrogen peroxide, water use efficiency and seed yield in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:369-382. [PMID: 30461017 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 (LSD1), ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) proteins are regulators of cell death (CD) in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Hormones, such as salicylic acid (SA), and reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), are key signaling molecules involved in plant CD. The proposed mathematical models presented in this study suggest that LSD1, EDS1 and PAD4 together with SA and H2 O2 are involved in the control of plant water use efficiency (WUE), vegetative growth and generative development. The analysis of Arabidopsis wild-type and single mutants lsd1, eds1, and pad4, as well as double mutants eds1/lsd1 and pad4/lsd1, demonstrated the strong conditional correlation between SA/H2 O2 and WUE that is dependent on LSD1, EDS1 and PAD4 proteins. Moreover, we found a strong correlation between the SA/H2 O2 homeostasis of 4-week-old Arabidopsis leaves and a total seed yield of 9-week-old plants. Altogether, our results prove that SA and H2 O2 are conditionally regulated by LSD1/EDS/PAD4 to govern WUE, biomass accumulation and seed yield. Conditional correlation and the proposed models presented in this study can be used as the starting points in the creation of a plant breeding algorithm that would allow to estimate the seed yield at the initial stage of plant growth, based on WUE, SA and H2 O2 content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej J Bernacki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sergiusz Kęska
- Faculty of Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland
| | - Janusz Czyż
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- The Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute-National Research Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Poland
- Department of Stress Biology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 30-239 Cracow, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Polle A, Chen SL, Eckert C, Harfouche A. Engineering Drought Resistance in Forest Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1875. [PMID: 30671067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Climatic stresses limit plant growth and productivity. In the past decade, tree improvement programs were mainly focused on yield but it is obvious that enhanced stress resistance is also required. In this review we highlight important drought avoidance and tolerance mechanisms in forest trees. Genomes of economically important trees species with divergent resistance mechanisms can now be exploited to uncover the mechanistic basis of long-term drought adaptation at the whole plant level. Molecular tree physiology indicates that osmotic adjustment, antioxidative defense and increased water use efficiency are important targets for enhanced drought tolerance at the cellular and tissue level. Recent biotechnological approaches focused on overexpression of genes involved in stress sensing and signaling, such as the abscisic acid core pathway, and down-stream transcription factors. By this strategy, a suite of defense systems was recruited, generally enhancing drought and salt stress tolerance under laboratory conditions. However, field studies are still scarce. Under field conditions trees are exposed to combinations of stresses that vary in duration and magnitude. Variable stresses may overrule the positive effect achieved by engineering an individual defense pathway. To assess the usability of distinct modifications, large-scale experimental field studies in different environments are necessary. To optimize the balance between growth and defense, the use of stress-inducible promoters may be useful. Future improvement programs for drought resistance will benefit from a better understanding of the intricate networks that ameliorate molecular and ecological traits of forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Polle
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shao Liang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Christian Eckert
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antoine Harfouche
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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24
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Polle A, Chen SL, Eckert C, Harfouche A. Engineering Drought Resistance in Forest Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1875. [PMID: 30671067 PMCID: PMC6331418 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Climatic stresses limit plant growth and productivity. In the past decade, tree improvement programs were mainly focused on yield but it is obvious that enhanced stress resistance is also required. In this review we highlight important drought avoidance and tolerance mechanisms in forest trees. Genomes of economically important trees species with divergent resistance mechanisms can now be exploited to uncover the mechanistic basis of long-term drought adaptation at the whole plant level. Molecular tree physiology indicates that osmotic adjustment, antioxidative defense and increased water use efficiency are important targets for enhanced drought tolerance at the cellular and tissue level. Recent biotechnological approaches focused on overexpression of genes involved in stress sensing and signaling, such as the abscisic acid core pathway, and down-stream transcription factors. By this strategy, a suite of defense systems was recruited, generally enhancing drought and salt stress tolerance under laboratory conditions. However, field studies are still scarce. Under field conditions trees are exposed to combinations of stresses that vary in duration and magnitude. Variable stresses may overrule the positive effect achieved by engineering an individual defense pathway. To assess the usability of distinct modifications, large-scale experimental field studies in different environments are necessary. To optimize the balance between growth and defense, the use of stress-inducible promoters may be useful. Future improvement programs for drought resistance will benefit from a better understanding of the intricate networks that ameliorate molecular and ecological traits of forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Polle
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shao Liang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Christian Eckert
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Antoine Harfouche
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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25
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Bernacki MJ, Czarnocka W, Witoń D, Rusaczonek A, Szechyńska-Hebda M, Ślesak I, Dąbrowska-Bronk J, Karpiński S. ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) affects development, photosynthesis, and hormonal homeostasis in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 226:91-102. [PMID: 29730441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1) was first described as a protein involved in salicylic acid (SA)-, ethylene-, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent defense and acclimation responses. It is a molecular regulator of biotic and abiotic stress-induced programmed cell death. Its role is relatively well known in annual plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana or Nicotiana benthamiana. However, little is known about its functions in woody plants. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to characterize the function of EDS1 in the Populus tremula L. × P. tremuloides hybrid grown for several seasons in the natural environment. We used two transgenic lines, eds1-7 and eds1-12, with decreased EDS1 expression levels in this study. The observed changes in physiological and biochemical parameters corresponded with the EDS1 silencing level. Both transgenic lines produced more lateral shoots in comparison to the wild-type (WT) plants, which resulted in the modification of tree morphology. Photosynthetic parameters, such as quantum yield of photosystem II (ϕPSII), photochemical and non-photochemical quenching (qP and NPQ, respectively), as well as chlorophyll content were found to be increased in both transgenic lines, which resulted in changes in photosynthetic efficiency. Our data also revealed lower foliar concentrations of SA and ROS, the latter resulting most probably from more efficient antioxidant system in both transgenic lines. In addition, our data indicated significantly decreased rate of leaf senescence during several autumn seasons. Transcriptomic analysis revealed deregulation of 2215 and 376 genes in eds1-12 and eds1-7, respectively, and also revealed 207 genes that were commonly deregulated in both transgenic lines. The deregulation was primarily observed in the genes involved in photosynthesis, signaling, hormonal metabolism, and development, which was found to agree with the results of biochemical and physiological tests. In general, our data proved that poplar EDS1 affects tree morphology, photosynthetic efficiency, ROS and SA metabolism, as well as leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jerzy Bernacki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland; Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek Street 21, 30-001 Cracow, Poland; Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute, 05-870 Błonie, Radzików, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Ślesak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland; The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek Street 21, 30-001 Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Dąbrowska-Bronk
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland.
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26
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Matuszkiewicz M, Sobczak M, Cabrera J, Escobar C, Karpiński S, Filipecki M. The Role of Programmed Cell Death Regulator LSD1 in Nematode-Induced Syncytium Formation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:314. [PMID: 29616052 PMCID: PMC5868158 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cyst-forming plant-parasitic nematodes are common pests of many crops. They inject secretions into host cells to induce the developmental and metabolic reprogramming that leads to the formation of a syncytium, which is the sole food source for growing nematodes. As in other host-parasite models, avirulence leads to rapid and local programmed cell death (PCD) known as the hypersensitive response (HR), whereas in the case of virulence, PCD is still observed but is limited to only some cells. Several regulators of PCD were analyzed to understand the role of PCD in compatible plant-nematode interactions. Thus, Arabidopsis plants carrying recessive mutations in LESION SIMULATING DISEASE1 (LSD1) family genes were subjected to nematode infection assays with juveniles of Heterodera schachtii. LSD1 is a negative and conditional regulator of PCD, and fewer and smaller syncytia were induced in the roots of lsd1 mutants than in wild-type Col-0 plants. Mutation in LSD ONE LIKE2 (LOL2) revealed a pattern of susceptibility to H. schachtii antagonistic to lsd1. Syncytia induced on lsd1 roots compared to Col0 showed significantly retarded growth, modified cell wall structure, increased vesiculation, and some myelin-like bodies present at 7 and 12 days post-infection. To place these data in a wider context, RNA-sequencing analysis of infected and uninfected roots was conducted. During nematode infection, the number of transcripts with changed expression in lsd1 was approximately three times smaller than in wild-type plants (1440 vs. 4206 differentially expressed genes, respectively). LSD1-dependent PCD in roots is thus a highly regulated process in compatible plant-nematode interactions. Two genes identified in this analysis, coding for AUTOPHAGY-RELATED PROTEIN 8F and 8H were down-regulated in syncytia in the presence of LSD1 and showed an increased susceptibility to nematode infection contrasting with lsd1 phenotype. Our data indicate that molecular regulators belonging to the LSD1 family play an important role in precise balancing of diverse PCD players during syncytium development required for successful nematode parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Matuszkiewicz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Sobczak
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Javier Cabrera
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Stanislaw Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Filipecki
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding, and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Joshi R, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. Engineering abiotic stress response in plants for biomass production. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5035-5043. [PMID: 29339553 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.tm117.000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in today's agriculture is to achieve enhanced plant growth and biomass even under adverse environmental conditions. Recent advancements in genetics and molecular biology have enabled the identification of a complex signaling network contributing toward plant growth and development on the one hand and abiotic stress response on the other hand. As an outcome of these studies, three major approaches have been identified as having the potential to improve biomass production in plants under abiotic stress conditions. These approaches deal with having changes in the following: (i) plant-microbe interactions; (ii) cell wall biosynthesis; and (iii) phytohormone levels. At the same time, employing functional genomics and genetics-based approaches, a very large number of genes have been identified that play a key role in abiotic stress tolerance. Our Minireview is an attempt to unveil the cross-talk that has just started to emerge between the transcriptional circuitries for biomass production and abiotic stress response. This knowledge may serve as a valuable resource to eventually custom design the crop plants for higher biomass production, in a more sustainable manner, in marginal lands under variable climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Joshi
- From the Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India, and
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- From the Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India, .,the UWA Institute of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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28
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Czarnocka W, Van Der Kelen K, Willems P, Szechyńska-Hebda M, Shahnejat-Bushehri S, Balazadeh S, Rusaczonek A, Mueller-Roeber B, Van Breusegem F, Karpiński S. The dual role of LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 as a condition-dependent scaffold protein and transcription regulator. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:2644-2662. [PMID: 28555890 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery over two decades ago as an important cell death regulator in Arabidopsis thaliana, the role of LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 (LSD1) has been studied intensively within both biotic and abiotic stress responses as well as with respect to plant fitness regulation. However, its molecular mode of action remains enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that nucleo-cytoplasmic LSD1 interacts with a broad range of other proteins that are engaged in various molecular pathways such as ubiquitination, methylation, cell cycle control, gametogenesis, embryo development and cell wall formation. The interaction of LSD1 with these partners is dependent on redox status, as oxidative stress significantly changes the quantity and types of LSD1-formed complexes. Furthermore, we show that LSD1 regulates the number and size of leaf mesophyll cells and affects plant vegetative growth. Importantly, we also reveal that in addition to its function as a scaffold protein, LSD1 acts as a transcriptional regulator. Taken together, our results demonstrate that LSD1 plays a dual role within the cell by acting as a condition-dependent scaffold protein and as a transcription regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Czarnocka
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katrien Van Der Kelen
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Willems
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek Street 21, 30-239, Cracow, Poland
| | - Sara Shahnejat-Bushehri
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Street 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Salma Balazadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Street 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bernd Mueller-Roeber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Street 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska Street 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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29
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Lasky JR, Forester BR, Reimherr M. Coherent synthesis of genomic associations with phenotypes and home environments. Mol Ecol Resour 2017; 18:91-106. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse R. Lasky
- Department of Biology; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA USA
| | | | - Matthew Reimherr
- Department of Statistics; Pennsylvania State University; University Park PA USA
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30
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Szechyńska-Hebda M, Lewandowska M, Karpiński S. Electrical Signaling, Photosynthesis and Systemic Acquired Acclimation. Front Physiol 2017; 8:684. [PMID: 28959209 PMCID: PMC5603676 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical signaling in higher plants is required for the appropriate intracellular and intercellular communication, stress responses, growth and development. In this review, we have focus on recent findings regarding the electrical signaling, as a major regulator of the systemic acquired acclimation (SAA) and the systemic acquired resistance (SAR). The electric signaling on its own cannot confer the required specificity of information to trigger SAA and SAR, therefore, we have also discussed a number of other mechanisms and signaling systems that can operate in combination with electric signaling. We have emphasized the interrelation between ionic mechanism of electrical activity and regulation of photosynthesis, which is intrinsic to a proper induction of SAA and SAR. In a special way, we have summarized the role of non-photochemical quenching and its regulator PsbS. Further, redox status of the cell, calcium and hydraulic waves, hormonal circuits and stomatal aperture regulation have been considered as components of the signaling. Finally, a model of light-dependent mechanisms of electrical signaling propagation has been presented together with the systemic regulation of light-responsive genes encoding both, ion channels and proteins involved in regulation of their activity. Due to space limitations, we have not addressed many other important aspects of hormonal and ROS signaling, which were presented in a number of recent excellent reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szechyńska-Hebda
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life SciencesWarsaw, Poland
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of SciencesKrakow, Poland
| | - Maria Lewandowska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life SciencesWarsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life SciencesWarsaw, Poland
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Li ZH, Liu XQ, Zhao TQ, Geng PF, Liu Y, Zhao B, Guo WG, Yu B, Liu HM. Design, synthesis and preliminary antiproliferative activity studies of new diheteroaryl thioether derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4377-4382. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Cai C, Zhu G, Zhang T, Guo W. High-density 80 K SNP array is a powerful tool for genotyping G. hirsutum accessions and genome analysis. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:654. [PMID: 28835210 PMCID: PMC5569476 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-throughput genotyping platforms play important roles in plant genomic studies. Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the world's important natural textile fiber and oil crop. Upland cotton accounts for more than 90% of the world's cotton production, however, modern upland cotton cultivars have narrow genetic diversity. The amounts of genomic sequencing and re-sequencing data released make it possible to develop a high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array for intraspecific genotyping detection in cotton. RESULTS Here we report a high-throughput CottonSNP80K array and its utilization in genotyping detection in different cotton accessions. 82,259 SNP markers were selected from the re-sequencing data of 100 cotton cultivars and used to produce the array on the Illumina Infinium platform. 77,774 SNP loci (94.55%) were successfully synthesized on the array. Of them, 77,252 (99.33%) had call rates of >95% in 352 cotton accessions and 59,502 (76.51%) were polymorphic loci. Application tests using 22 cotton accessions with parent/F1 combinations or with similar genetic backgrounds showed that CottonSNP80K array had high genotyping accuracy, good repeatability, and wide applicability. Phylogenetic analysis of 312 cotton cultivars and landraces with wide geographical distribution showed that they could be classified into ten groups, irrelevant of their origins. We found that the different landraces were clustered in different subgroups, indicating that these landraces were major contributors to the development of different breeding populations of modern G. hirsutum cultivars in China. We integrated a total of 54,588 SNPs (MAFs >0.05) associated with 10 salt stress traits into 288 G. hirsutum accessions for genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and eight significant SNPs associated with three salt stress traits were detected. CONCLUSIONS We developed CottonSNP80K array with high polymorphism to distinguish upland cotton accessions. Diverse application tests indicated that the CottonSNP80K play important roles in germplasm genotyping, variety verification, functional genomics studies, and molecular breeding in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiping Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R & D Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guozhong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R & D Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R & D Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wangzhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Hybrid Cotton R & D Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Y, Feng L, Wei N, Liu ZH, Hu S, Li XB. Overexpression of cotton PYL genes in Arabidopsis enhances the transgenic plant tolerance to drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 115:229-238. [PMID: 28388505 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PYR/PYL/RCAR proteins are putative abscisic acid (ABA) receptors that play important roles in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, 27 predicted PYL proteins were identified in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Sequence analysis showed they are conserved in structures. Phylogenetic analysis showed that cotton PYL family could be categorized into three groups. Yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that the GhPYL proteins selectively interacted with some GhPP2C proteins. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that the most of nine GhPYL genes were down-regulated, while the other three were up-regulated in cotton under drought stress. Overexpression of GhPYL10/12/26 in Arabidopsis conferred the transgenic plants increased ABA sensitivity during seed germination and early seedling growth. On the contrary, the transgenic seedlings displayed better growth status and longer primary roots under normal conditions and mannitol stress, compared with wild type. Furthermore, the transgenic plants showed the enhanced drought tolerance, relative to wild type, when they were suffered from drought stress. Expression of some stress-related genes in transgenic plants was significant higher than that in wild type under osmotic stress. Thus, our data suggested that these cotton PYL genes may be involved in plant response and defense to drought/osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Li Feng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ning Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xue-Bao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Oracz K, Karpiński S. Phytohormones Signaling Pathways and ROS Involvement in Seed Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:864. [PMID: 27379144 PMCID: PMC4908112 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are major determinants of the regulation of development and stress responses in plants. During life cycle of these organisms, signaling networks of plant growth regulators and ROS interact in order to render an appropriate developmental and environmental response. In plant's photosynthetic (e.g., leaves) and non-photosynthetic (e.g., seeds) tissues, enhanced and suboptimal ROS production is usually associated with stress, which in extreme cases can be lethal to cells, a whole organ or even an organism. However, controlled production of ROS is appreciated for cellular signaling. Despite the current progress that has been made in plant biology and increasing number of findings that have revealed roles of ROS and hormonal signaling in germination, some questions still arise, e.g., what are the downstream protein targets modified by ROS enabling stimulus-specific cellular responses of the seed? Or which molecular regulators allow ROS/phytohormones interactions and what is their function in seed life? In this particular review the role of some transcription factors, kinases and phosphatases is discussed, especially those which usually known to be involved in ROS and hormonal signal transduction under stress in plants, may also play a role in the regulation of processes occurring in seeds. The summarized recent findings regarding particular ROS- and phytohormones-related regulatory proteins, as well as their integration, allowed to propose a novel, possible model of action of LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1, ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1, and PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 functioning during seeds life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Oracz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life SciencesWarsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Krystyna Oracz, ; Stanisław Karpiński,
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life SciencesWarsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Krystyna Oracz, ; Stanisław Karpiński,
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