1
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Gala DS, Titlow JS, Teodoro RO, Davis I. Far from home: the role of glial mRNA localization in synaptic plasticity. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 29:153-169. [PMID: 36442969 PMCID: PMC9891262 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079422.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurons and glia are highly polarized cells, whose distal cytoplasmic functional subdomains require specific proteins. Neurons have axonal and dendritic cytoplasmic extensions containing synapses whose plasticity is regulated efficiently by mRNA transport and localized translation. The principles behind these mechanisms are equally attractive for explaining rapid local regulation of distal glial cytoplasmic projections, independent of their cell nucleus. However, in contrast to neurons, mRNA localization has received little experimental attention in glia. Nevertheless, there are many functionally diverse glial subtypes containing extensive networks of long cytoplasmic projections with likely localized regulation that influence neurons and their synapses. Moreover, glia have many other neuron-like properties, including electrical activity, secretion of gliotransmitters and calcium signaling, influencing, for example, synaptic transmission, plasticity and axon pruning. Here, we review previous studies concerning glial transcripts with important roles in influencing synaptic plasticity, focusing on a few cases involving localized translation. We discuss a variety of important questions about mRNA transport and localized translation in glia that remain to be addressed, using cutting-edge tools already available for neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia S Gala
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua S Titlow
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Rita O Teodoro
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School-Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa 1169-056, Portugal
| | - Ilan Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
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2
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Liu T, Yang Y, Xie Z, Luo Q, Yang D, Liu X, Zhao H, Wei Q, Liu Y, Li L, Wang Y, Wang F, Yu J, Xu J, Yu J, Yi P. The RNA binding protein QKI5 suppresses ovarian cancer via downregulating transcriptional coactivator TAZ. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:388-400. [PMID: 34552820 PMCID: PMC8426461 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are a set of proteins involved in many steps of post-transcriptional regulation to maintain cellular homeostasis. Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most deadly gynecological cancer, but the roles of RBPs in OC are not fully understood. Here, we reported that the RBP QKI5 was significantly negatively correlated with aggressive tumor stage and worse prognosis in serous OC patients. QKI5 could suppress the growth and metastasis of OC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Transcriptome analysis showed that QKI5 negatively regulated the expression of the transcriptional coactivator TAZ and its downstream targets (e.g., CTGF and CYR61). Mechanistically, QKI5 bound to TAZ mRNA and recruited EDC4, thus decreasing the stability of TAZ mRNA. Functionally, TAZ was involved in the QKI5-mediated tumor suppression of OC cells, and QKI5 expression was inversely correlated with TAZ, CTGF, and CYR61 expression in OC patients. Together, our study indicates that QKI5 plays a tumor-suppressive role and negatively regulates TAZ expression in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Zhe Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Qingya Luo
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Qinglv Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Lanfang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yuya Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing 100005, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China
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3
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Schorr AL, Mangone M. miRNA-Based Regulation of Alternative RNA Splicing in Metazoans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111618. [PMID: 34769047 PMCID: PMC8584187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative RNA splicing is an important regulatory process used by genes to increase their diversity. This process is mainly executed by specific classes of RNA binding proteins that act in a dosage-dependent manner to include or exclude selected exons in the final transcripts. While these processes are tightly regulated in cells and tissues, little is known on how the dosage of these factors is achieved and maintained. Several recent studies have suggested that alternative RNA splicing may be in part modulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short, non-coding RNAs (~22 nt in length) that inhibit translation of specific mRNA transcripts. As evidenced in tissues and in diseases, such as cancer and neurological disorders, the dysregulation of miRNA pathways disrupts downstream alternative RNA splicing events by altering the dosage of splicing factors involved in RNA splicing. This attractive model suggests that miRNAs can not only influence the dosage of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level but also indirectly interfere in pre-mRNA splicing at the co-transcriptional level. The purpose of this review is to compile and analyze recent studies on miRNAs modulating alternative RNA splicing factors, and how these events contribute to transcript rearrangements in tissue development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Schorr
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;
| | - Marco Mangone
- Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-480-965-7957
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4
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Liao KC, Chuo V, Fagg WS, Modahl CM, Widen S, Garcia-Blanco MA. The RNA binding protein Quaking represses splicing of the Fibronectin EDA exon and downregulates the interferon response. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:10034-10045. [PMID: 34428287 PMCID: PMC8464043 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Quaking (QKI) controls RNA metabolism in many biological processes including innate immunity, where its roles remain incompletely understood. To illuminate these roles, we performed genome scale transcriptome profiling in QKI knockout cells with or without poly(I:C) transfection, a double-stranded RNA analog that mimics viral infection. Analysis of RNA-sequencing data shows that QKI knockout upregulates genes induced by interferons, suggesting that QKI is an immune suppressor. Furthermore, differential splicing analysis shows that QKI primarily controls cassette exons, and among these events, we noted that QKI silences splicing of the extra domain A (EDA) exon in fibronectin (FN1) transcripts. QKI knockout results in elevated production and secretion of FN1-EDA protein, which is a known activator of interferons. Consistent with an upregulation of the interferon response in QKI knockout cells, our results show reduced production of dengue virus-2 and Japanese encephalitis virus in these cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that QKI downregulates the interferon system and attenuates the antiviral state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chieh Liao
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Chuo
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - W Samuel Fagg
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Cassandra M Modahl
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Steven Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.,Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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5
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Chen X, Yin J, Cao D, Xiao D, Zhou Z, Liu Y, Shou W. The Emerging Roles of the RNA Binding Protein QKI in Cardiovascular Development and Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668659. [PMID: 34222237 PMCID: PMC8242579 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) have a broad biological and physiological function and are critical in regulating pre-mRNA posttranscriptional processing, intracellular migration, and mRNA stability. QKI, also known as Quaking, is a member of the signal transduction and activation of RNA (STAR) family, which also belongs to the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K- (hnRNP K-) homology domain protein family. There are three major alternatively spliced isoforms, QKI-5, QKI-6, and QKI-7, differing in carboxy-terminal domains. They share a common RNA binding property, but each isoform can regulate pre-mRNA splicing, transportation or stability differently in a unique cell type-specific manner. Previously, QKI has been known for its important role in contributing to neurological disorders. A series of recent work has further demonstrated that QKI has important roles in much broader biological systems, such as cardiovascular development, monocyte to macrophage differentiation, bone metabolism, and cancer progression. In this mini-review, we will focus on discussing the emerging roles of QKI in regulating cardiac and vascular development and function and its potential link to cardiovascular pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianwen Yin
- Department of Foot, Ankle and Hand Surgery, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dayan Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Deyong Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Zhongjun Zhou
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Weinian Shou
- Department of Pediatrics, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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6
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Královičová J, Borovská I, Pengelly R, Lee E, Abaffy P, Šindelka R, Grutzner F, Vořechovský I. Restriction of an intron size en route to endothermy. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:2460-2487. [PMID: 33550394 PMCID: PMC7969005 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-insensitive and -sensitive E1 subunits of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC) regulate tissue-specific NADH and ATP supply by mutually exclusive OGDH exons 4a and 4b. Here we show that their splicing is enforced by distant lariat branch points (dBPs) located near the 5' splice site of the intervening intron. dBPs restrict the intron length and prevent transposon insertions, which can introduce or eliminate dBP competitors. The size restriction was imposed by a single dominant dBP in anamniotes that expanded into a conserved constellation of four dBP adenines in amniotes. The amniote clusters exhibit taxon-specific usage of individual dBPs, reflecting accessibility of their extended motifs within a stable RNA hairpin rather than U2 snRNA:dBP base-pairing. The dBP expansion took place in early terrestrial species and was followed by a uridine enrichment of large downstream polypyrimidine tracts in mammals. The dBP-protected megatracts permit reciprocal regulation of exon 4a and 4b by uridine-binding proteins, including TIA-1/TIAR and PUF60, which promote U1 and U2 snRNP recruitment to the 5' splice site and BP, respectively, but do not significantly alter the relative dBP usage. We further show that codons for residues critically contributing to protein binding sites for Ca2+ and other divalent metals confer the exon inclusion order that mirrors the Irving-Williams affinity series, linking the evolution of auxiliary splicing motifs in exons to metallome constraints. Finally, we hypothesize that the dBP-driven selection for Ca2+-dependent ATP provision by E1 facilitated evolution of endothermy by optimizing the aerobic scope in target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Královičová
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, HDH, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre for Biosciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivana Borovská
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Centre for Biosciences, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Reuben Pengelly
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, HDH, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Eunice Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Pavel Abaffy
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Šindelka
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Frank Grutzner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, SA, Australia
| | - Igor Vořechovský
- University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, HDH, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
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7
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Ameis D, Liu F, Kirby E, Patel D, Keijzer R. The RNA-binding protein Quaking regulates multiciliated and basal cell abundance in the developing lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L557-L567. [PMID: 33438508 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00481.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) form complexes with RNA, changing how the RNA is processed and thereby regulating gene expression. RBPs are important sources of gene regulation during organogenesis, including the development of lungs. The RBP called Quaking (QK) is critical for embryogenesis, yet it has not been studied in the developing lung. Here, we show that QK is widely expressed during rat lung development and into adulthood. The QK isoforms QK5 and QK7 colocalize to the nuclei of nearly all lung cells. QK6 is present in the nuclei and cytoplasm of mesenchymal cells and is only present in the epithelium during branching morphogenesis. QK knockdown in embryonic lung explants caused a greater number of multiciliated cells to appear in the airways, at the expense of basal cells. The mRNA of multiciliated cell genes and the abundance of FOXJ1/SOX2+ cells increased after knockdown, whereas P63/SOX2+ cells decreased. The cytokine IL-6, a known regulator of multiciliated cell differentiation, had increased mRNA levels after QK knockdown, although protein levels remained unchanged. Further studies are necessary to confirm whether QK acts as a blocker for the IL-6-induced differentiation of basal cells into multiciliated cells, and a conditional QK knockout would likely lead to additional discoveries on QK's role during lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin Ameis
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics & Child Health and Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Franklin Liu
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics & Child Health and Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Eimear Kirby
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics & Child Health and Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Daywin Patel
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics & Child Health and Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Richard Keijzer
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatrics & Child Health and Physiology & Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Biology of Breathing Theme, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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8
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Chen X, Liu Y, Xu C, Ba L, Liu Z, Li X, Huang J, Simpson E, Gao H, Cao D, Sheng W, Qi H, Ji H, Sanderson M, Cai CL, Li X, Yang L, Na J, Yamamura K, Liu Y, Huang G, Shou W, Sun N. QKI is a critical pre-mRNA alternative splicing regulator of cardiac myofibrillogenesis and contractile function. Nat Commun 2021; 12:89. [PMID: 33397958 PMCID: PMC7782589 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein QKI belongs to the hnRNP K-homology domain protein family, a well-known regulator of pre-mRNA alternative splicing and is associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders. Qki is found highly expressed in developing and adult hearts. By employing the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) to cardiomyocyte differentiation system and generating QKI-deficient hESCs (hESCs-QKIdel) using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, we analyze the physiological role of QKI in cardiomyocyte differentiation, maturation, and contractile function. hESCs-QKIdel largely maintain normal pluripotency and normal differentiation potential for the generation of early cardiogenic progenitors, but they fail to transition into functional cardiomyocytes. In this work, by using a series of transcriptomic, cell and biochemical analyses, and the Qki-deficient mouse model, we demonstrate that QKI is indispensable to cardiac sarcomerogenesis and cardiac function through its regulation of alternative splicing in genes involved in Z-disc formation and contractile physiology, suggesting that QKI is associated with the pathogenesis of certain forms of cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Ying Liu
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Chen Xu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Lina Ba
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Zhuo Liu
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Xiuya Li
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Huang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ed Simpson
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Dayan Cao
- Institute of Materia Medica and Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Hanping Qi
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Hongrui Ji
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Maria Sanderson
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Chen-Leng Cai
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica and Center of Translational Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Jie Na
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Kenichi Yamamura
- Institute of Resource Development and Analysis, Kumanoto University, Kumanoto, Japan
| | - Yunlong Liu
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Guoying Huang
- grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weinian Shou
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Ning Sun
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.411333.70000 0004 0407 2968Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Wang JZ, Fu X, Fang Z, Liu H, Zong FY, Zhu H, Yu YF, Zhang XY, Wang SF, Huang Y, Hui J. QKI-5 regulates the alternative splicing of cytoskeletal gene ADD3 in lung cancer. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 13:347-360. [PMID: 33196842 PMCID: PMC8373271 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the alternative splicing program undergoes extensive changes during cancer development and progression. The RNA-binding protein QKI-5 is frequently downregulated and exhibits anti-tumor activity in lung cancer. Howeve-r, little is known about the functional targets and regulatory mechanism of QKI-5. Here, we report that upregulation of exon 14 inclusion of cytoskeletal gene Adducin 3 (ADD3) significantly correlates with a poor prognosis in lung cancer. QKI-5 inhibits cell proliferation and migration in part through suppressing the splicing of ADD3 exon 14. Through genome-wide mapping of QKI-5 binding sites in vivo at nucleotide resolution by iCLIP-seq analysis, we found that QKI-5 regulates alternative splicing of its target mRNAs in a binding position-dependent manner. By binding to multiple sites in an upstream intron region, QKI-5 represses the splicing of ADD3 exon 14. We also identified several QKI mutations in tumors, which cause dysregulation of the splicing of QKI targets ADD3 and NUMB. Taken together, our results reveal that QKI-mediated alternative splicing of ADD3 is a key lung cancer-associated splicing event, which underlies in part the tumor suppressor function of QKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xing Fu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Feng-Yang Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yan-Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shen-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jingyi Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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10
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Yang C, Eleftheriadou M, Kelaini S, Morrison T, González MV, Caines R, Edwards N, Yacoub A, Edgar K, Moez A, Ivetic A, Zampetaki A, Zeng L, Wilkinson FL, Lois N, Stitt AW, Grieve DJ, Margariti A. Targeting QKI-7 in vivo restores endothelial cell function in diabetes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3812. [PMID: 32732889 PMCID: PMC7393072 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction plays a key role in diabetic complications. This study discovers significant upregulation of Quaking-7 (QKI-7) in iPS cell-derived ECs when exposed to hyperglycemia, and in human iPS-ECs from diabetic patients. QKI-7 is also highly expressed in human coronary arterial ECs from diabetic donors, and on blood vessels from diabetic critical limb ischemia patients undergoing a lower-limb amputation. QKI-7 expression is tightly controlled by RNA splicing factors CUG-BP and hnRNPM through direct binding. QKI-7 upregulation is correlated with disrupted cell barrier, compromised angiogenesis and enhanced monocyte adhesion. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and mRNA-decay assays reveal that QKI-7 binds and promotes mRNA degradation of downstream targets CD144, Neuroligin 1 (NLGN1), and TNF-α-stimulated gene/protein 6 (TSG-6). When hindlimb ischemia is induced in diabetic mice and QKI-7 is knocked-down in vivo in ECs, reperfusion and blood flow recovery are markedly promoted. Manipulation of QKI-7 represents a promising strategy for the treatment of diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunbo Yang
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | | | - Sophia Kelaini
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Thomas Morrison
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Marta Vilà González
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Rachel Caines
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Nicola Edwards
- Centre for Bioscience in the Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M15GD, UK
| | - Andrew Yacoub
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Kevin Edgar
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Arya Moez
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Aleksandar Ivetic
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Anna Zampetaki
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Lingfang Zeng
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Fiona L Wilkinson
- Centre for Bioscience in the Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M15GD, UK
| | - Noemi Lois
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Alan W Stitt
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - David J Grieve
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Andriana Margariti
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute of Experimental Medicine, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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11
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Liao KC, Chuo V, Fagg WS, Bradrick SS, Pompon J, Garcia-Blanco MA. The RNA binding protein Quaking represses host interferon response by downregulating MAVS. RNA Biol 2019; 17:366-380. [PMID: 31829086 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1703069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Quaking (QKI) is an RNA-binding protein (RBP) involved in multiple aspects of RNA metabolism and many biological processes. Despite a known immune function in regulating monocyte differentiation and inflammatory responses, the degree to which QKI regulates the host interferon (IFN) response remains poorly characterized. Here we show that QKI ablation enhances poly(I:C) and viral infection-induced IFNβ transcription. Characterization of IFN-related signalling cascades reveals that QKI knockout results in higher levels of IRF3 phosphorylation. Interestingly, complementation with QKI-5 isoform alone is sufficient to rescue this phenotype and reduce IRF3 phosphorylation. Further analysis shows that MAVS, but not RIG-I or MDA5, is robustly upregulated in the absence of QKI, suggesting that QKI downregulates MAVS and thus represses the host IFN response. As expected, MAVS depletion reduces IFNβ activation and knockout of MAVS in the QKI knockout cells completely abolishes IFNβ induction. Consistently, ectopic expression of RIG-I activates stronger IFNβ induction via MAVS-IRF3 pathway in the absence of QKI. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a novel role for QKI in negatively regulating host IFN response by reducing MAVS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chieh Liao
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Vanessa Chuo
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - W Samuel Fagg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, Transplant Division, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Shelton S Bradrick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Julien Pompon
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,IRD, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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12
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Tong R, Zhang J, Wang C, Li Q, Wang L, Ju M. Inhibition of miR-574-5p suppresses cell growth and metastasis and enhances chemosensitivity by targeting RNA binding protein QKI in cervical cancer cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:951-966. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01772-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Caines R, Cochrane A, Kelaini S, Vila-Gonzalez M, Yang C, Eleftheriadou M, Moez A, Stitt AW, Zeng L, Grieve DJ, Margariti A. The RNA-binding protein QKI controls alternative splicing in vascular cells, producing an effective model for therapy. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.230276. [PMID: 31331967 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.230276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) leads to ischaemia, the central pathology of cardiovascular disease. Stem cell technology will revolutionise regenerative medicine, but a need remains to understand key mechanisms of vascular differentiation. RNA-binding proteins have emerged as novel post-transcriptional regulators of alternative splicing and we have previously shown that the RNA-binding protein Quaking (QKI) plays roles in EC differentiation. In this study, we decipher the role of the alternative splicing isoform Quaking 6 (QKI-6) to induce VSMC differentiation from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). PDGF-BB stimulation induced QKI-6, which bound to HDAC7 intron 1 via the QKI-binding motif, promoting HDAC7 splicing and iPS-VSMC differentiation. Overexpression of QKI-6 transcriptionally activated SM22 (also known as TAGLN), while QKI-6 knockdown diminished differentiation capability. VSMCs overexpressing QKI-6 demonstrated greater contractile ability, and upon combination with iPS-ECs-overexpressing the alternative splicing isoform Quaking 5 (QKI-5), exhibited higher angiogenic potential in vivo than control cells alone. This study demonstrates that QKI-6 is critical for modulation of HDAC7 splicing, regulating phenotypically and functionally robust iPS-VSMCs. These findings also highlight that the QKI isoforms hold key roles in alternative splicing, giving rise to cells which can be used in vascular therapy or for disease modelling.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Caines
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL
| | - Amy Cochrane
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL
| | - Sophia Kelaini
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL
| | - Marta Vila-Gonzalez
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL
| | - Chunbo Yang
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL
| | - Magdalini Eleftheriadou
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL
| | - Arya Moez
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL
| | - Alan W Stitt
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL
| | - Lingfang Zeng
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - David J Grieve
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL
| | - Andriana Margariti
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL
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14
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García-Cárdenas JM, Guerrero S, López-Cortés A, Armendáriz-Castillo I, Guevara-Ramírez P, Pérez-Villa A, Yumiceba V, Zambrano AK, Leone PE, Paz-y-Miño C. Post-transcriptional Regulation of Colorectal Cancer: A Focus on RNA-Binding Proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:65. [PMID: 31440515 PMCID: PMC6693420 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem with an estimated 1. 8 million new cases worldwide. To date, most CRC studies have focused on DNA-related aberrations, leaving post-transcriptional processes under-studied. However, post-transcriptional alterations have been shown to play a significant part in the maintenance of cancer features. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are uprising as critical regulators of every cancer hallmark, yet little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms and key downstream oncogenic targets. Currently, more than a thousand RBPs have been discovered in humans and only a few have been implicated in the carcinogenic process and even much less in CRC. Identification of cancer-related RBPs is of great interest to better understand CRC biology and potentially unveil new targets for cancer therapy and prognostic biomarkers. In this work, we reviewed all RBPs which have a role in CRC, including their control by microRNAs, xenograft studies and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - César Paz-y-Miño
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
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15
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Yang H, Li Y, Peng Z, Wang Y. Overexpression of miR-20a promotes the progression of osteosarcoma by directly targeting QKI2. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:87-94. [PMID: 31289476 PMCID: PMC6540454 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of malignant primary bone neoplasm. Although the application of neoadjuvant chemotherapy has improved the 5-year survival rate of patients suffering from OS, prognosis remains poor. Therefore, it is important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence, progression and metastasis of OS. The RNA-binding protein Quaking (QKI) is a member of the STAR family of proteins, and can function as a tumor suppressor gene to suppress the occurrence and progression of a variety of tumors; however, the role of QKI in OS remains to be fully elucidated. In the present study, it was identified that the expression of QKI2 was downregulated in OS using western blot analysis. In addition, subsequent functional investigations, including MTT, Transwell invasion and migration assays, revealed that QKI2 inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of an OS cell line in vitro. By implementing a series of experimental techniques in molecular biology, including reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and a double fluorescence reporter assay, it was demonstrated that the expression of miR-20a was high and inhibited the expression of QKI2 in OS. In conclusion, it was revealed that aberrantly upregulated miR-20a inhibited the expression of QKI2 in OS by targeting QKI2 mRNA, subsequently promoting the proliferation, migration and invasion of OS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024000, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Li
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Peng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yansong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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16
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QKI deficiency maintains glioma stem cell stemness by activating the SHH/GLI1 signaling pathway. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:801-813. [PMID: 31292920 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) stem cells (GSCs) have been found to be the main cause of malignant GBM progression. It has also been found that Quaking homolog (QKI) plays a predominant role in driving GBM development. Here, we aimed to asses the role of QKI in maintaining GSC stemness and inducing the invasiveness of GBM cells. METHODS Public databases were used to assess the expression of QKI and its correlation with stemness markers in primary GBMs. The CRISPR-Cas9 technology was used to generate QKI knockout GBM cells, and RNA immunoprecipitation was used to assess QKI-GLI1 protein-mRNA interactions. In addition, in vitro and in vivo GBM cell proliferation, migration, xenografting and neurosphere formation assays were performed. RESULTS Using public GBM databases, QKI was identified as a potential GSC regulator. We found that QKI could inhibit stem-like cell (SLC) stemness and prolong the survival of xenografted mice. Mechanistically, we found that QKI knockout increased the GLI Family Zinc Finger 1 (GLI1) mRNA level, which is essential for maintaining the self-renewal ability of GSCs. In addition, we found that QKI knockout activated the Hedgehog signaling pathway via Tra-2 and GLI response element (TGE)-specific GLI1 mRNA disruption. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that upregulation of GLI1 induced by QKI deficiency maintains GSC stemness and enhances the invasiveness of GBM cells, thereby hinting at new options for the treatment of GBM.
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17
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Guo J, Liu HB, Sun C, Yan XQ, Hu J, Yu J, Yuan Y, Du ZM. MicroRNA-155 Promotes Myocardial Infarction-Induced Apoptosis by Targeting RNA-Binding Protein QKI. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4579806. [PMID: 31191799 PMCID: PMC6525929 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4579806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of sudden death worldwide. MicroRNA-155 (miR-155) has been reported to target antiapoptotic genes in various diseases models, but the functional role of miR-155 in response to MI injury needs further investigations. This study investigated the role of miR-155 in myocardial ischemia injury. TUNEL and flow cytometry were performed to measure cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis was employed to detect protein expressions of Bcl-2, XIAP, Bax, and caspase-3. qRT-PCR was used to quantify miRNA levels. We showed that miR-155 was dynamically elevated in murine hearts subjected to MI and in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocyte (NRVM) injury induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In response to H2O2, the silencing of miR-155 using AMO-155 (antisense inhibitor oligodeoxyribonucleotides) significantly increased cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis. Moreover, AMO-155 reversed the H2O2-induced downregulation of Bcl-2 and XIAP and upregulation of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3. Further study revealed that AMO-155 resulted in a decrease of H2O2-induced JC-1-labelled monomeric cell number. In addition, AMO-155 markedly decreased infarct size, ameliorated impaired cardiac function, and significantly reduced apoptotic cell percentages in MI mice heart. The RNA-binding protein Quaking (QKI) was predicted as a target gene of miR-155 through bioinformatic analysis, and AMO-155 attenuated the downregulation of QKI in H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes and MI mice heart. Knockdown of QKI by siRNA abolished the antiapoptotic effects of AMO-155. Taken together, miR-155 is upregulated in the MI heart and NRVMs in response to H2O2 stress, and downregulating of miR-155 protects cardiomyocytes against apoptosis. Mechanistically, it is probably due to the repression of QKI signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China
| | - Hui-Bin Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chuan Sun
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xiu-Qing Yan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China
| | - Juan Hu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zhi-Min Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), Harbin 150086, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmarcology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
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18
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Quaking orchestrates a post-transcriptional regulatory network of endothelial cell cycle progression critical to angiogenesis and metastasis. Oncogene 2019; 38:5191-5210. [PMID: 30918328 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is critical to cancer development and metastasis. However, anti-angiogenic agents have only had modest therapeutic success, partly due to an incomplete understanding of tumor endothelial cell (EC) biology. We previously reported that the microRNA (miR)-200 family inhibits metastasis through regulation of tumor angiogenesis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly characterized. Here, using integrated bioinformatics approaches, we identified the RNA-binding protein (RBP) quaking (QKI) as a leading miR-200b endothelial target with previously unappreciated roles in the tumor microenvironment in lung cancer. In lung cancer samples, both miR-200b suppression and QKI overexpression corresponded with tumor ECs relative to normal ECs, and QKI silencing phenocopied miR-200b-mediated inhibition of sprouting. Additionally, both cancer cell and endothelial QKI expression in patient samples significantly corresponded with poor survival and correlated with angiogenic indices. QKI supported EC function by stabilizing cyclin D1 (CCND1) mRNA to promote EC G1/S cell cycle transition and proliferation. Both nanoparticle-mediated RNA interference of endothelial QKI expression and palbociclib blockade of CCND1 function potently inhibited metastasis in concert with significant effects on tumor vasculature. Altogether, this work demonstrates the clinical relevance and therapeutic potential of a novel, actionable miR/RBP axis in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.
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19
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Groves JA, Gillman C, DeLay CN, Kroll TT. Identification of Novel Binding Partners for Transcription Factor Emx2. Protein J 2019; 38:2-11. [PMID: 30628007 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-019-09810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian homolog of Drosophila empty spiracles 2 (Emx2) is a homeobox transcription factor that plays central roles in early development of the inner ear, pelvic and shoulder girdles, cerebral cortex, and urogenital organs. The role for Emx2 is best understood within the context of the development of the neocortical region of the cortex, where Emx2 is expressed in a high posterior-medial to low anterior-lateral gradient that regulates the partitioning of the neocortex into different functional fields that perform discrete computational tasks. Despite several lines of evidence demonstrating an Emx2 concentration-dependent mechanism for establishing functional areas within the developing neocortex, little is known about how Emx2 physically carries out this role. Although several binding partners for Emx2 have been identified (including Sp8, eIF4E, and Pbx1), no screens have been used to identify potential protein binding partners for this protein. We utilized a yeast two-hybrid screen using a library constructed from embryonic mouse cDNA in an attempt to identify novel binding partners for Emx2. This initial screen isolated two potential Emx2-binding partner proteins, Cnot6l and QkI-7. These novel Emx2-binding proteins are involved in multiple levels of mRNA metabolism that including splicing, mRNA export, translation, and destruction, thus making them interesting targets for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Groves
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, 400 E. University Way, Ellensburg, WA, 98929-7539, USA
| | - Cody Gillman
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 157 Broad Center, M/C, Pasadena, USA
| | - Cierra N DeLay
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, 400 E. University Way, Ellensburg, WA, 98929-7539, USA
| | - Todd T Kroll
- Department of Chemistry, Central Washington University, 400 E. University Way, Ellensburg, WA, 98929-7539, USA.
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20
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Liao KC, Chuo V, Ng WC, Neo SP, Pompon J, Gunaratne J, Ooi EE, Garcia-Blanco MA. Identification and characterization of host proteins bound to dengue virus 3' UTR reveal an antiviral role for quaking proteins. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 24:803-814. [PMID: 29572260 PMCID: PMC5959249 DOI: 10.1261/rna.064006.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The four dengue viruses (DENV1-4) are rapidly reemerging infectious RNA viruses. These positive-strand viral genomes contain structured 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) that interact with various host RNA binding proteins (RBPs). These RBPs are functionally important in viral replication, pathogenesis, and defense against host immune mechanisms. Here, we combined RNA chromatography and quantitative mass spectrometry to identify proteins interacting with DENV1-4 3' UTRs. As expected, RBPs displayed distinct binding specificity. Among them, we focused on quaking (QKI) because of its preference for the DENV4 3' UTR (DENV-4/SG/06K2270DK1/2005). RNA immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that QKI interacted with DENV4 genomes in infected cells. Moreover, QKI depletion enhanced infectious particle production of DENV4. On the contrary, QKI did not interact with DENV2 3' UTR, and DENV2 replication was not affected consistently by QKI depletion. Next, we mapped the QKI interaction site and identified a QKI response element (QRE) in DENV4 3' UTR. Interestingly, removal of QRE from DENV4 3' UTR abolished this interaction and increased DENV4 viral particle production. Introduction of the QRE to DENV2 3' UTR led to QKI binding and reduced DENV2 infectious particle production. Finally, reporter assays suggest that QKI reduced translation efficiency of viral RNA. Our work describes a novel function of QKI in restricting viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chieh Liao
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Vanessa Chuo
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Wy Ching Ng
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Suat Peng Neo
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673
| | - Julien Pompon
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
- MIVEGEC, UMR IRD 224-CNRS5290-Université de Montpellier, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Jayantha Gunaratne
- Translational Biomedical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore 138673
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545
- Singapore MIT Alliance in Research and Technology Infectious Diseases Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore 138602
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Blanco
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
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21
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Shi HJ, Liu WB, Xu C, Zhang DD, Wang BK, Zhang L, Li XF. Molecular Characterization of the RNA-Binding Protein Quaking-a in Megalobrama amblycephala: Response to High-Carbohydrate Feeding and Glucose/Insulin/Glucagon Treatment. Front Physiol 2018; 9:434. [PMID: 29740344 PMCID: PMC5928497 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein quaking-a (Qkia) was cloned from the liver of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala through the rapid amplification of cDNA ends method, with its potential role in glucose metabolism investigated. The full-length cDNA of qkia covered 1,718 bp, with an open reading frame of 1,572 bp, which encodes 383 AA. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of conservation (97–99%) among most fish and other higher vertebrates. The mRNA of qkia was detected in all examined organs/tissues. Then, the plasma glucose levels and tissue qkia expressions were determined in fish intraperitoneally injected with glucose [1.67 g per kg body weight (BW)], insulin (0.052 mg/kg BW), and glucagon (0.075 mg/kg BW) respectively, as well as in fish fed two dietary carbohydrate levels (31 and 41%) for 12 weeks. Glucose administration induced a remarkable increase of plasma glucose with the highest value being recorded at 1 h. Thereafter, it reduced to the basal value. After glucose administration, qkia expressions significantly decreased with the lowest value being recorded at 1 h in liver and muscle and 8 h in brain, respectively. Then they gradually returned to the basal value. The insulin injection induced a significant decrease of plasma glucose with the lowest value being recorded at 1 h, whereas the opposite was true after glucagon load (the highest value was gained at 4 h). Subsequently, glucose levels gradually returned to the basal value. After insulin administration, the qkia expressions significantly decreased with the lowest value being attained at 2 h in brain and muscle and 1 h in liver, respectively. However, glucagon significantly stimulated the expressions of qkia in tissues with the highest value being gained at 6 h. Moreover, high dietary carbohydrate levels remarkably increased plasma glucose levels, but down-regulated the transcriptions of qkia in tissues. These results indicated that the gene of blunt snout bream shared a high similarity with that of the other vertebrates. Glucose and insulin administration, as well as high-carbohydrate feeding, remarkably down-regulated its transcriptions in brain, muscle and liver, whereas the opposite was true after the glucagon load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Juan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ding-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing-Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Zhang Z, Li X, Xiao Q, Wang Z. MiR-574-5p mediates the cell cycle and apoptosis in thyroid cancer cells via Wnt/β-catenin signaling by repressing the expression of Quaking proteins. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5841-5848. [PMID: 29556311 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most frequently occurring type of endocrine tumor, with a rapidly increasing incidence rate. MicroRNA (miR)-574-5p is a candidate oncogene in various types of cancer. The present study identified that miR-574-5p affected the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of BCPAP and FTC133 thyroid cancer cells via β-catenin/Wnt signaling by targeting Quaking proteins (QKIs). An MTT assay demonstrated that the knockdown of miR-574-5p suppressed the proliferation of the thyroid cancer cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis demonstrated that the inhibition of miR-574-5p induced the G1/S phase arrest and apoptosis of the cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses revealed that the knockdown of miR-574-5p significantly upregulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of QKIs. Furthermore, western blot analysis identified that the knockdown of miR-574-5p also repressed the Wnt/β-catenin pathway via downregulating the expression of β-catenin, cyclin D1 and survivin, and upregulating the phosphorylation of β-catenin. The further depletion of QKIs in combination with the knockdown of miR-574-5p not only increased the expression of β-catenin, cyclin D1 and survivin, but also rescued the apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells induced by the miR-574-5p knockdown. In conclusion, these findings indicated that the aberrant upregulation of miR-574-5p may be oncogenic, through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by targeting QKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhejia Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xinying Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Mental Hygiene Clinics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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23
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Yang H, Peng Z, Liang M, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Huang T, Jiang Y, Jiang B, Wang Y. The miR-17-92 cluster/QKI2/β-catenin axis promotes osteosarcoma progression. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25285-25293. [PMID: 29861871 PMCID: PMC5982768 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quaking(QKI) is an RNA binding protein, and it has been shown to serve as a tumor suppressor. However, the expression and functions of QKI in osteosarcoma progression remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the expression of QKI2 in osteosarcoma tissues and to determine the mechanisms underlying aberrant QKI2 expression and the effect of QKI2 on osteosarcoma progression. We found that QKI2 was significantly down-regulated in osteosarcoma tissues compared with adjacent normal bone tissues. Using a series of molecular biological techniques, we demonstrated that all members of the miR-17-92 cluster were up-regulated and contributed to the down-regulation of QKI2 expression in osteosarcoma. Functional examination showed that QKI2 inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells via decreasing the expression of β-catenin. Conclusively, we revealed that the regulatory axis consisting of the miR-17-92 cluster/QKI2/β-catenin plays a crucial role in the development and progression of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhibin Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Min Liang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianwen Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yudong Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yansong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Novel schizophrenia risk factor pathways regulate FEZ1 to advance oligodendroglia development. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:1293. [PMID: 29249816 PMCID: PMC5802537 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders, represented by schizophrenia, affect not only neurons but also myelinating oligodendroglia (OL), both contribute to the complex etiology. Although numerous susceptibility genes for schizophrenia have been identified, their function has been primarily studied in neurons. Whether malfunction of risk genes underlies OL defects in schizophrenia pathogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the function and regulation of the well-recognized schizophrenia risk factor, Fasciculation and Elongation Protein Zeta-1 (FEZ1), in OL. We found that FEZ1 is expressed in oligodendroglia progenitor cells (OPCs) derived from rodent brains and human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in culture and in myelinating oligodendrocytes in the brain. In addition, a vigorous upregulation of FEZ1 occurs during OPC differentiation and myelinogenesis, whereas knockdown of FEZ1 significantly attenuates the development of OL process arbors. We further showed that transcription of the Fez1 gene in OL cells is governed by a sophisticated functional interplay between histone acetylation-mediated chromatin modification and transcription factors that are dysregulated in schizophrenia. At the post-transcriptional level, the selective RNA-binding protein QKI, a glia-specific risk factor of schizophrenia, binds FEZ1 mRNA. Moreover, QKI deficiency results in a marked reduction of FEZ1 specifically in OL cells of the quakingviable (qkv) hypomyelination mutant mice. These observations have uncovered novel pathways that involve multifaceted genetic lesions and/or epigenetic dysregulations in schizophrenia, which converge on FEZ1 regulation and cause OL impairment in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Wang L, Zhai DS, Ruan BJ, Xu CM, Ye ZC, Lu HY, Jiang YH, Wang ZY, Xiang A, Yang Y, Yuan JL, Lu ZF. Quaking Deficiency Amplifies Inflammation in Experimental Endotoxemia via the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1-NF-κB Pathway. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1754. [PMID: 29276519 PMCID: PMC5727050 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages, characterized by considerable diversity and plasticity, play a crucial role in a broad spectrum of biological processes, including inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the diverse phenotypes of macrophages are not well defined. Here, we show that the RNA-binding protein, quaking (QKI), dynamically modulates macrophage polarization states. After lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, QKI-silenced RAW 264.7 cells displayed a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype characterized by increased expression of iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-6 and decreased expression of anti-inflammatory factors, such as IL-10, found in inflammatory zone (Fizz1), and chitinase-like 3 (Chil3 or Ym1). By contrast, QKI5 overexpression led to a suppressive phenotype resembling M2 macrophages, even under M1 differentiation conditions. Moreover, myeloid-specific QKI-deficient mice tended to be more susceptible to LPS-induced endotoxic shock, while the exogenous transfer of macrophages overexpressing QKI5 exerted a significant improving effect. This improvement corresponded to a higher proportion of M2 macrophages, in line with elevated levels of IL-10, and a decrease in levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Further mechanistic studies disclosed that QKI was a potent inhibitor of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, suppressing p65 expression and phosphorylation. Strikingly, reduced expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) and reduced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 in QKI-deficient cells failed to restrain the transcriptional activity of NF-κB and NRL pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) activation, while restoring QKI expression skewed the above M1-like response toward an anti-inflammatory M2 state. Taken together, these findings suggest a role for QKI in restraining overt innate immune responses by regulating the Ahr/STAT1–NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ban-Jun Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cheng-Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Chen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan-Yu Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying-Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - An Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jian-Lin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zi-Fan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacogenomics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Mukohyama J, Shimono Y, Minami H, Kakeji Y, Suzuki A. Roles of microRNAs and RNA-Binding Proteins in the Regulation of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9100143. [PMID: 29064439 PMCID: PMC5664082 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for the initiation, progression and metastasis of human colorectal cancers, and have been characterized by the expression of cell surface markers, such as CD44, CD133, CD166 and LGR5. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are differentially expressed between CSCs and non-tumorigenic cancer cells, and play important roles in the maintenance and regulation of stem cell properties of CSCs. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are emerging epigenetic regulators of various RNA processing events, such as splicing, localization, stabilization and translation, and can regulate various types of stem cells. In this review, we summarize current evidences on the roles of miRNA and RBPs in the regulation of colorectal CSCs. Understanding the epigenetic regulation of human colorectal CSCs will help to develop biomarkers for colorectal cancers and to identify targets for CSC-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Mukohyama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine (Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases) and Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center (HICCC), Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Minami
- Division of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 6500017, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
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27
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Fagg WS, Liu N, Fair JH, Shiue L, Katzman S, Donohue JP, Ares M. Autogenous cross-regulation of Quaking mRNA processing and translation balances Quaking functions in splicing and translation. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1894-1909. [PMID: 29021242 PMCID: PMC5695090 DOI: 10.1101/gad.302059.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Quaking protein isoforms arise from a single Quaking gene and bind the same RNA motif to regulate splicing, translation, decay, and localization of a large set of RNAs. However, the mechanisms by which Quaking expression is controlled to ensure that appropriate amounts of each isoform are available for such disparate gene expression processes are unknown. Here we explore how levels of two isoforms, nuclear Quaking-5 (Qk5) and cytoplasmic Qk6, are regulated in mouse myoblasts. We found that Qk5 and Qk6 proteins have distinct functions in splicing and translation, respectively, enforced through differential subcellular localization. We show that Qk5 and Qk6 regulate distinct target mRNAs in the cell and act in distinct ways on their own and each other's transcripts to create a network of autoregulatory and cross-regulatory feedback controls. Morpholino-mediated inhibition of Qk translation confirms that Qk5 controls Qk RNA levels by promoting accumulation and alternative splicing of Qk RNA, whereas Qk6 promotes its own translation while repressing Qk5. This Qk isoform cross-regulatory network responds to additional cell type and developmental controls to generate a spectrum of Qk5/Qk6 ratios, where they likely contribute to the wide range of functions of Quaking in development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Samuel Fagg
- Sinsheimer Laboratories, Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California at Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA.,Department of Surgery, Transplant Division, Shriners Hospital for Children, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Naiyou Liu
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Division, Shriners Hospital for Children, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Jeffrey Haskell Fair
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Division, Shriners Hospital for Children, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Lily Shiue
- Sinsheimer Laboratories, Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California at Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - Sol Katzman
- Sinsheimer Laboratories, Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California at Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - John Paul Donohue
- Sinsheimer Laboratories, Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California at Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
| | - Manuel Ares
- Sinsheimer Laboratories, Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California at Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA
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28
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RNA binding protein QKI contributes to WT1 mRNA and suppresses apoptosis in ST cells. Genes Genomics 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-017-0560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Zhou X, Li X, Sun C, Shi C, Hua D, Yu L, Wen Y, Hua F, Wang Q, Zhou Q, Yu S. Quaking-5 suppresses aggressiveness of lung cancer cells through inhibiting β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:82174-82184. [PMID: 29137254 PMCID: PMC5669880 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaking-5 (QKI-5) belongs to the STAR (signal transduction and activation of RNA) family of RNA binding proteins and functions as a tumor suppressor in several human malignancies. In this study, we attempt to elucidate the role of QKI-5 in the pro-metastasis processes of lung cancer (LC) cells and the underlying mechanisms. We confirmed that QKI-5 was decreased in human LC tissues and cell lines, especially in high-metastatic cells. Moreover, QKI expression was positively correlated with LC patients’ survival. Functional studies verified that QKI-5 suppressed migration, invasion and TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of LC cells. Mechanistically, we affirmed that QKI-5 reduced β-catenin level in LC cells via suppressing its translation and promoting its degradation, whereas QKI-5 promoter hypermethylation suppressed QKI-5 expression. Our findings indicate that QKI-5 inhibits pro-metastasis processes of LC cells through interdicting β-catenin signaling pathway, and that QKI-5 promoter hypermethylation is a crucial epigenetic regulation reducing QKI-5 expression in LC cells, and reveal that QKI-5 is a potential prognostic biomarker for LC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Zhou
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of The Nervous System, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System of Education Ministry, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xuebing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Cuiyun Sun
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of The Nervous System, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System of Education Ministry, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Cuijuan Shi
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of The Nervous System, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System of Education Ministry, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Dan Hua
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of The Nervous System, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System of Education Ministry, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanjun Wen
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of The Nervous System, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System of Education Ministry, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Feng Hua
- Department of Surgery, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of The Nervous System, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System of Education Ministry, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qinghua Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Shizhu Yu
- Department of Neuropathology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of The Nervous System, Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System of Education Ministry, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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30
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Li B, Li X, Xiong H, Zhou P, Ni Z, Yang T, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, He J, Yang F, Zhang N, Wang Y, Zheng Y, He F. Inhibition of COX2 enhances the chemosensitivity of dichloroacetate in cervical cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51748-51757. [PMID: 28881683 PMCID: PMC5584284 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dichloroacetate (DCA), a traditional mitochondria-targeting agent, has shown promising prospect as a sensitizer in fighting against malignancies including cervical cancer. But it is unclear about the effect of DCA alone on cervical tumor. Moreover, previous reports have demonstrated that the increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) expression is associated with chemoresistance and poor prognosis of cervical cancer. However, it is still unknown whether COX2 can affect the sensitivity of DCA in cervical cancer cells. In this study, we found that cervical cancer cells were insensitive to DCA. Furthermore, we for the first time revealed that DCA could upregulate COX2 which impeded the chemosensitivity of DCA in cervical cancer cells. Mechanistic study showed that DCA reduced the level of RNA binding protein quaking (QKI), leading to the decay suppression of COX2 mRNA and the subsequent elevation of COX2 protein. Inhibition of COX2 using celecoxib could sensitize DCA in repressing the growth of cervical cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. These results indicate that COX2 is a novel resistance factor of DCA, and combination of celecoxib with DCA may be beneficial to the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xinzhe Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Haojun Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Teng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yijun Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jintao He
- Battalion 17 of Students, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yingru Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Fengtian He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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31
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Thangaraj MP, Furber KL, Gan JK, Ji S, Sobchishin L, Doucette JR, Nazarali AJ. RNA-binding Protein Quaking Stabilizes Sirt2 mRNA during Oligodendroglial Differentiation. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:5166-5182. [PMID: 28188285 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.775544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelination is controlled by timely expression of genes involved in the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs). Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2), a NAD+-dependent deacetylase, plays a critical role in OL differentiation by promoting both arborization and downstream expression of myelin-specific genes. However, the mechanisms involved in regulating SIRT2 expression during OL development are largely unknown. The RNA-binding protein quaking (QKI) plays an important role in myelination by post-transcriptionally regulating the expression of several myelin specific genes. In quaking viable (qkv/qkv ) mutant mice, SIRT2 protein is severely reduced; however, it is not known whether these genes interact to regulate OL differentiation. Here, we report for the first time that QKI directly binds to Sirt2 mRNA via a common quaking response element (QRE) located in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) to control SIRT2 expression in OL lineage cells. This interaction is associated with increased stability and longer half-lives of Sirt2.1 and Sirt2.2 transcripts leading to increased accumulation of Sirt2 transcripts. Consistent with this, overexpression of qkI promoted the expression of Sirt2 mRNA and protein. However, overexpression of the nuclear isoform qkI-5 promoted the expression of Sirt2 mRNA, but not SIRT2 protein, and delayed OL differentiation. These results suggest that the balance in the subcellular distribution and temporal expression of QKI isoforms control the availability of Sirt2 mRNA for translation. Collectively, our study demonstrates that QKI directly plays a crucial role in the post-transcriptional regulation and expression of Sirt2 to facilitate OL differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlin P Thangaraj
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and.,the Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Kendra L Furber
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and.,the Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Jotham K Gan
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and.,the Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Shaoping Ji
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and.,the Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.,the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Larhonda Sobchishin
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and.,the Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - J Ronald Doucette
- the Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.,the Cameco Multiple Sclerosis Neuroscience Research Center, City Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7K 0M7, Canada, and
| | - Adil J Nazarali
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition and .,the Neuroscience Research Cluster, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.,the Cameco Multiple Sclerosis Neuroscience Research Center, City Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7K 0M7, Canada, and
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Expression of Quaking RNA-Binding Protein in the Adult and Developing Mouse Retina. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156033. [PMID: 27196066 PMCID: PMC4873024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Quaking (QKI), which belongs to the STAR family of KH domain-containing RNA-binding proteins, functions in pre-mRNA splicing, microRNA regulation, and formation of circular RNA. QKI plays critical roles in myelinogenesis in the central and peripheral nervous systems and has been implicated neuron-glia fate decision in the brain; however, neither the expression nor function of QKI in the neural retina is known. Here we report the expression of QKI RNA-binding protein in the developing and mature mouse retina. QKI was strongly expressed by Müller glial cells in both the developing and adult retina. Intriguingly, during development, QKI was expressed in early differentiating neurons, such as the horizontal and amacrine cells, and subsequently in later differentiating bipolar cells, but not in photoreceptors. Neuronal expression was uniformly weak in the adult. Among QKI isoforms (5, 6, and 7), QKI-5 was the predominantly expressed isoform in the adult retina. To study the function of QKI in the mouse retina, we examined quakingviable(qkv) mice, which have a dysmyelination phenotype that results from deficiency of QKI expression and reduced numbers of mature oligodendrocytes. In homozygous qkv mutant mice (qkv/qkv), the optic nerve expression levels of QKI-6 and 7, but not QKI-5 were reduced. In the retina of the mutant homozygote, QKI-5 levels were unchanged, and QKI-6 and 7 levels, already low, were also unaffected. We conclude that QKI is expressed in developing and adult Müller glia. QKI is additionally expressed in progenitors and in differentiating neurons during retinal development, but expression weakened or diminished during maturation. Among QKI isoforms, we found that QKI-5 predominated in the adult mouse retina. Since Müller glial cells are thought to share properties with retinal progenitor cells, our data suggest that QKI may contribute to maintaining retinal progenitors prior to differentiation into neurons. On the other hand, the expression of QKI in different retinal neurons may suggest a role in neuronal cell type specific fate determination and maturation. The data raises the possibility that QKI may function in retinal cell fate determination and maturation in both glia and neurons.
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Quaking promotes monocyte differentiation into pro-atherogenic macrophages by controlling pre-mRNA splicing and gene expression. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10846. [PMID: 27029405 PMCID: PMC4821877 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of inflammatory diseases is the excessive recruitment and influx of monocytes to sites of tissue damage and their ensuing differentiation into macrophages. Numerous stimuli are known to induce transcriptional changes associated with macrophage phenotype, but posttranscriptional control of human macrophage differentiation is less well understood. Here we show that expression levels of the RNA-binding protein Quaking (QKI) are low in monocytes and early human atherosclerotic lesions, but are abundant in macrophages of advanced plaques. Depletion of QKI protein impairs monocyte adhesion, migration, differentiation into macrophages and foam cell formation in vitro and in vivo. RNA-seq and microarray analysis of human monocyte and macrophage transcriptomes, including those of a unique QKI haploinsufficient patient, reveal striking changes in QKI-dependent messenger RNA levels and splicing of RNA transcripts. The biological importance of these transcripts and requirement for QKI during differentiation illustrates a central role for QKI in posttranscriptionally guiding macrophage identity and function. Post-transcriptional control of RNA is important in health and disease. Here, the authors show that the RNA-binding protein Quaking guides pre-mRNA splicing and transcript abundance during monocyte to macrophage differentiation, and that Quaking depletion impairs pro-atherogenic foam cell formation.
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Yamagishi R, Tsusaka T, Mitsunaga H, Maehata T, Hoshino SI. The STAR protein QKI-7 recruits PAPD4 to regulate post-transcriptional polyadenylation of target mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:2475-90. [PMID: 26926106 PMCID: PMC4824116 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that regulating the length of the poly(A) tail on an mRNA is an efficient means of controlling gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. In early development, transcription is silenced and gene expression is primarily regulated by cytoplasmic polyadenylation. In somatic cells, considerable progress has been made toward understanding the mechanisms of negative regulation by deadenylation. However, positive regulation through elongation of the poly(A) tail has not been widely studied due to the difficulty in distinguishing whether any observed increase in length is due to the synthesis of new mRNA, reduced deadenylation or cytoplasmic polyadenylation. Here, we overcame this barrier by developing a method for transcriptional pulse-chase analysis under conditions where deadenylases are suppressed. This strategy was used to show that a member of the Star family of RNA binding proteins, QKI, promotes polyadenylation when tethered to a reporter mRNA. Although multiple RNA binding proteins have been implicated in cytoplasmic polyadenylation during early development, previously only CPEB was known to function in this capacity in somatic cells. Importantly, we show that only the cytoplasmic isoform QKI-7 promotes poly(A) tail extension, and that it does so by recruiting the non-canonical poly(A) polymerase PAPD4 through its unique carboxyl-terminal region. We further show that QKI-7 specifically promotes polyadenylation and translation of three natural target mRNAs (hnRNPA1, p27kip1 and β-catenin) in a manner that is dependent on the QKI response element. An anti-mitogenic signal that induces cell cycle arrest at G1 phase elicits polyadenylation and translation of p27kip1 mRNA via QKI and PAPD4. Taken together, our findings provide significant new insight into a general mechanism for positive regulation of gene expression by post-transcriptional polyadenylation in somatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Yamagishi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tsusaka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroko Mitsunaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Takaharu Maehata
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Hoshino
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
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de Bruin RG, van der Veer EP, Prins J, Lee DH, Dane MJC, Zhang H, Roeten MK, Bijkerk R, de Boer HC, Rabelink TJ, van Zonneveld AJ, van Gils JM. The RNA-binding protein quaking maintains endothelial barrier function and affects VE-cadherin and β-catenin protein expression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21643. [PMID: 26905650 PMCID: PMC4764852 DOI: 10.1038/srep21643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of endothelial cell-cell contacts is essential for physiological functioning of the endothelium. Interendothelial junctions are actively involved in the control of vascular leakage, leukocyte diapedesis, and the initiation and progression of angiogenesis. We found that the RNA-binding protein quaking is highly expressed by endothelial cells, and that its expression was augmented by prolonged culture under laminar flow and the transcription factor KLF2 binding to the promoter. Moreover, we demonstrated that quaking directly binds to the mRNA of VE-cadherin and β-catenin and can induce mRNA translation mediated by the 3′UTR of these genes. Reduced quaking levels attenuated VE-cadherin and β-catenin expression and endothelial barrier function in vitro and resulted in increased bradykinin-induced vascular leakage in vivo. Taken together, we report that quaking is essential in maintaining endothelial barrier function. Our results provide novel insight into the importance of post-transcriptional regulation in controlling vascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben G de Bruin
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eric P van der Veer
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jurriën Prins
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dae Hyun Lee
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn J C Dane
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Huayu Zhang
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marko K Roeten
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Bijkerk
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hetty C de Boer
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Janine M van Gils
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Radomska KJ, Sager J, Farnsworth B, Tellgren-Roth Å, Tuveri G, Peuckert C, Kettunen P, Jazin E, Emilsson LS. Characterization and Expression of the Zebrafish qki Paralogs. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146155. [PMID: 26727370 PMCID: PMC4699748 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaking (QKI) is an RNA-binding protein involved in post-transcriptional mRNA processing. This gene is found to be associated with several human neurological disorders. Early expression of QKI proteins in the developing mouse neuroepithelium, together with neural tube defects in Qk mouse mutants, suggest the functional requirement of Qk for the establishment of the nervous system. As a knockout of Qk is embryonic lethal in mice, other model systems like the zebrafish could serve as a tool to study the developmental functions of qki. In the present study we sought to characterize the evolutionary relationship and spatiotemporal expression of qkia, qki2, and qkib; zebrafish homologs of human QKI. We found that qkia is an ancestral paralog of the single tetrapod Qk gene that was likely lost during the fin-to-limb transition. Conversely, qkib and qki2 are orthologs, emerging at the root of the vertebrate and teleost lineage, respectively. Both qki2 and qkib, but not qkia, were expressed in the progenitor domains of the central nervous system, similar to expression of the single gene in mice. Despite having partially overlapping expression domains, each gene has a unique expression pattern, suggesting that these genes have undergone subfunctionalization following duplication. Therefore, we suggest the zebrafish could be used to study the separate functions of qki genes during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna J. Radomska
- Department of Evolution and Development, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Sager
- Department of Evolution and Development, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bryn Farnsworth
- Department of Evolution and Development, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åsa Tellgren-Roth
- Department of Evolution and Development, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giulia Tuveri
- Department of Evolution and Development, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christiane Peuckert
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petronella Kettunen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neuropathology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Jazin
- Department of Evolution and Development, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lina S. Emilsson
- Department of Evolution and Development, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Zong FY, Fu X, Wei WJ, Luo YG, Heiner M, Cao LJ, Fang Z, Fang R, Lu D, Ji H, Hui J. The RNA-binding protein QKI suppresses cancer-associated aberrant splicing. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004289. [PMID: 24722255 PMCID: PMC3983035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Aberrant splicing has been implicated in lung tumorigenesis. However, the functional links between splicing regulation and lung cancer are not well understood. Here we identify the RNA-binding protein QKI as a key regulator of alternative splicing in lung cancer. We show that QKI is frequently down-regulated in lung cancer, and its down-regulation is significantly associated with a poorer prognosis. QKI-5 inhibits the proliferation and transformation of lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that QKI-5 regulates the alternative splicing of NUMB via binding to two RNA elements in its pre-mRNA, which in turn suppresses cell proliferation and prevents the activation of the Notch signaling pathway. We further show that QKI-5 inhibits splicing by selectively competing with a core splicing factor SF1 for binding to the branchpoint sequence. Taken together, our data reveal QKI as a critical regulator of splicing in lung cancer and suggest a novel tumor suppression mechanism involving QKI-mediated regulation of the Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Yang Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Juan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ge Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Monika Heiner
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Juan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Daru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes for Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Zhao Y, Zhang G, Wei M, Lu X, Fu H, Feng F, Wang S, Lu W, Wu N, Lu Z, Yuan J. The tumor suppressing effects of QKI-5 in prostate cancer: a novel diagnostic and prognostic protein. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 15:108-18. [PMID: 24153116 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.26722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the RNA-binding protein quaking 5 (QKI-5) has been recognized as a novel tumor suppressor in many cancers. To date, no studies have examined the role of QKI-5 in prostate cancer. The present study was designed to elucidate the correlation of QKI-5 expression with the clinical pathological features and prognosis of prostate cancer. In an overwhelming majority of the 184 cases of prostate cancer samples analyzed, the QKI-5 expression was significantly decreased, which was largely due to the high promoter methylation levels. Using lentiviral vectors, we established two stable prostate cancer cell lines with altered QKI-5 expression, including a QKI-5 overexpressing PC3 cell line and a DU145 cell line with knocked-down QKI-5 expression. The effects of the lentiviral-mediated QKI-5 knockdown on the PC3 cells and DU145 cells were assessed by cell growth curves, flow cytometry (FCM), and an invasion assay. The PC3 cells were transplanted into nude mice, and then, the tumor growth curves and TUNEL staining were determined. These results demonstrated that QKI-5 was highly expressed in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues but not in carcinomatous tissues and that QKI-5 effectively inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the decrease in QKI-5 expression was closely correlated with the prostate cancer Gleason score, poor differentiation, degree of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, TNM grading, and poor survival. These results indicate that the QKI-5 expression may be a novel, independent factor in the prognosis of prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- Department of Urology; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China
| | - Gen Zhang
- Department of Urology; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China
| | - Mengying Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiaozhao Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China
| | - Hanyan Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China
| | - Feixue Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China
| | - Ning Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zifan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology; Xijing Hospital; Fourth Military Medical University; Xi'an, PR China
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Blech-Hermoni Y, Ladd AN. RNA binding proteins in the regulation of heart development. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2467-78. [PMID: 23973289 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In vivo, RNA molecules are constantly accompanied by RNA binding proteins (RBPs), which are intimately involved in every step of RNA biology, including transcription, editing, splicing, transport and localization, stability, and translation. RBPs therefore have opportunities to shape gene expression at multiple levels. This capacity is particularly important during development, when dynamic chemical and physical changes give rise to complex organs and tissues. This review discusses RBPs in the context of heart development. Since the targets and functions of most RBPs--in the heart and at large--are not fully understood, this review focuses on the expression and roles of RBPs that have been implicated in specific stages of heart development or developmental pathology. RBPs are involved in nearly every stage of cardiogenesis, including the formation, morphogenesis, and maturation of the heart. A fuller understanding of the roles and substrates of these proteins could ultimately provide attractive targets for the design of therapies for congenital heart defects, cardiovascular disease, or cardiac tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Blech-Hermoni
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Program in Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Fu H, Yang G, Wei M, Liu L, Jin L, Lu X, Wang L, Shen L, Zhang J, Lu H, Yao L, Lu Z. The RNA-binding protein QKI5 is a direct target of C/EBPα and delays macrophage differentiation. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:1628-35. [PMID: 22398723 PMCID: PMC3338430 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-05-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During monocyte–macrophage differentiation, C/EBPα transcriptionally activates QKI, which in turn represses CSF1R and thus provides negative feedback to C/EBPα-induced macrophage differentiation. This feedback loop should be important in keeping the balance between cell proliferation and differentiation. Differentiated macrophages are essential for the innate immune system; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the generation of macrophages remain largely unknown. Here we show that the RNA-binding protein QKI, mainly QKI-5, is transcriptionally activated in the early differentiated monocytic progenitors when CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) α is expressed. The forced expression of C/EBPα increases the endogenous expression of QKI. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis and reporter assays further confirm that C/EBPα activates the transcription of QKI, primarily by binding to the distal C/EBPα-binding site. Blocking the induction of QKI using RNA interference enhances the expression of endogenous CSF1R and facilitates macrophage differentiation. Further study of the mechanism reveals that QKI-5 facilitates the degradation of CSF1R mRNA by interacting with the distal QRE in the 3′ untranslated region. In summary, we show that in committed macrophage progenitors, C/EBPα-activated QKI-5 negatively regulates macrophage differentiation by down-regulating CSF1R expression, forming a negative feedback loop during macrophage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Mgilitary Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, China
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Guo W, Shi X, Liu A, Yang G, Yu F, Zheng Q, Wang Z, Allen DG, Lu Z. RNA binding protein QKI inhibits the ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Cell Physiol Biochem 2011; 28:593-602. [PMID: 22178871 DOI: 10.1159/000335755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS RNA-binding protein QKI is abundantly expressed in the brain and heart. The role of QKI in the nervous system has been well characterized, but its function in cardiac muscle is still poorly understood. The present study was to investigate the role of QKI in ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. METHODS A simulated ischemia/reperfusion model was established in neonatal cardiomyocytes and adult rat heart. After QKI5 or QKI6 was expressed by adenovirus and QKI was knocked down QKI by RNAi in the cardiomyocytes, RT-PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence staining were applied to detect gene expression alterations. Apoptosis was evaluated by PARP degradation, DNA fragmentation (DNA laddering) and flow cytometry. RESULTS Our study demonstrated that both QKI5 and QKI6 were present in cardiomyocytes, while QKI5 expression was greatly inhibited by simulated ischemia/reperfusion. Knocking down endogenous QKI by RNAi enhanced cell susceptibility to apoptosis, whereas overexpression of either QKI5 or QKI6 suppressed IR-induced apoptosis substantially. The pro-apoptotic transcription factor FoxO1, a potential QKI target, was induced by ischemia/reperfusion at both total amount and nuclear distribution. Accordingly, FOXO1 downstream target genes were negatively affected by the presence of QKI with IR treatment. CONCLUSION In summary, our study supports that both QKI-5 and 6 are anti-apoptotic proteins in cardiomyocytes, favoring cardiac survival via antagonizing the elevation of some pro-apoptotic factors in cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangang Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, the Fourth Military Medical University, 17 Changlexi Road, Xi'an, R. P. China
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Loss of p53 in quaking viable mice leads to Purkinje cell defects and reduced survival. Sci Rep 2011; 1:84. [PMID: 22355603 PMCID: PMC3239166 DOI: 10.1038/srep00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The qk(v) mutation is a one megabase deletion resulting in abnormal expression of the qkI gene. qk(v) mice exhibit hypomyelination of the central nervous system and display rapid tremors and seizures as adults. The qkI locus on 6q26-27 has also been implicated as a candidate tumor suppressor gene as the qkI locus maps to a region of genetic instability in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), an aggressive brain tumor of astrocytic lineage. As GBM frequently harbors mutations affecting p53, we crossbred qk(v) and p53 mutant mice to examine whether qk(v) mice on a p53(-/-) background have an increased incidence of GBM. qk(v) (/v); p53(-/-) mice had a reduced survival rate compared to p53(-/-) littermates, and the cause of death of the majority of the mice remains unknown. In addition, immunohistochemistry revealed Purkinje cell degeneration in the cerebellum. These results suggest that p53 and qkI are genetically linked for neuronal maintenance and survival.
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Production and characterization of polyclonal and monoclonal Abs against the RNA-binding protein QKI. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 164:283-93. [PMID: 21165711 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-9134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding protein QKI, a member of the Signal Transduction and Activation of RNA family, is found to be essential in the blood vessel development and postnatal myelination in central nervous system (Woo et al., Oncogene 28:1176-1186, 2009; Lu et al., Nucleic Acids Res 31(15):4616-4624, 2003; Bohnsack et al., Genesis 44(2):93-104, 2006). However, its wide expression pattern suggests other fundamental roles in vivo (Kondo et al., Mamm Genome 10(7):662-669, 1999). To facilitate the understanding of QKI function in various systems, we prepared the polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against QKI. To obtain the antigen, recombinant His-tagged QKI was expressed in Escherichia coli and highly purified by Ni(2+)-chelated column combined with hydrophobic and ion exchange methods. Following three types of immunizations with different adjuvants, including Freund's, PAGE gel, and nitrocellulose membrane, only the antiserum produced with Freund's adjuvant is effective for Western blot detection. Several McAb clones are able to recognize both endogenous and over-expressed QKI with high affinity in Western blot and immunofluorescence. The specificity of Ab was validated as weakening, and no specific signals were observed in cells with QKI knocking down. Immunohistochemistry analysis further showed positive staining of QKI in kidney where QKI mRNA was abundantly expressed, ensuring the wide applications of the QKI Abs in the ongoing mechanistic studies.
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Insights into the Structural Basis of RNA Recognition by Star Domain Proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010. [PMID: 21189684 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7005-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Justice MJ, Hirschi KK. The role of quaking in mammalian embryonic development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 693:82-92. [PMID: 21189687 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7005-3_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Functional studies of the mouse quaking gene (Qk) have focused on its role in the postnatal central nervous system during myelination. However, the death of the majority of homozygous mouse quaking alleles revealed that quaking has a critical role in embryonic development prior to the start of myelination. Surprisingly, the lethal alleles revealed that quaking has a function in embryonic blood vessel formation and remodeling. Further studies ofthe extraembryonic yolk sac showed that Qk regulates visceral endoderm differentiated function at the cellular level, including the local synthesis of retinoic acid (RA), which then exerts paracrine control of endothelial cells within adjacent mesoderm. Endoderm-derived RA regulates proliferation of endothelial cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) production, which in a reciprocal manner, modulates visceral endoderm survival and function. Although exogenous RA can rescue endothelial cell growth control and ECM production in mutants carrying a lethal mutation, which lack functional Qk, neither visceral endoderm function nor vascular remodeling is restored. Thus, Qk also regulates cell autonomous functions of visceral endoderm that are critical for vascular remodeling. Interestingly, quaking is highly expressed during normal cardiac development, particularly in the outflow tract, suggesting potentially unique functions in the developing heart. Together, the work on Qk in mammalian embryos reveals an essential, yet under appreciated, role in cardiovascular development. This suggests that certain functions may remain conserved in the early embryo throughout the evolution of nonvertebrate and vertebrate organisms and that additional roles for quaking remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica J Justice
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza MS227, R804, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
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Bockbrader K, Feng Y. Essential function, sophisticated regulation and pathological impact of the selective RNA-binding protein QKI in CNS myelin development. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2008; 3:655-668. [PMID: 19727426 DOI: 10.2217/14796708.3.6.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The selective RNA-binding protein QKI play a key role in advancing oligodendrocyte-dependent myelination, which is essential for the function and development of the CNS. The emerging evidence that QKI abnormalities are associated with schizophrenia and may underlie myelin impairment in this devastating disease has greatly increased interest in understanding the function of QKI. Despite the discovery of the biochemical basis for QKI-RNA interaction, a comprehensive model is currently missing regarding how QKI regulates its mRNA ligands to promote normal myelinogenesis and how deficiency of the QKI pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases that affect CNS myelin. In this review, we will focus on the role of QKI in regulating distinct mRNA targets at critical developmental steps to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelin formation. In addition, we will discuss molecular mechanisms that control QKI expression and activity during normal myelinogenesis as well as the pathological impact of QKI deficiency in dysmyelination mutant animals and in human myelin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Bockbrader
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA, Tel.: +1 404 727 0351, ,
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Chénard CA, Richard S. New implications for the QUAKING RNA binding protein in human disease. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:233-42. [PMID: 17787018 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The use of spontaneously occurring mouse models has proved to be a valuable tool throughout the years to delineate the signals required for nervous system development. This is especially true in the field of myelin biology, with a large number of different models available. The quaking viable mouse models dysmyelination in the nervous system and links the QUAKING RNA binding proteins to myelination and cell fate decisions. In this Mini-Review, we highlight the biological functions attributed to this KH-type RNA binding protein and the recent achievements linking it to human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Anne Chénard
- Terry Fox Molecular Oncology Group, Bloomfield Center for Research on Aging, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Lauriat TL, Shiue L, Haroutunian V, Verbitsky M, Ares M, Ospina L, McInnes LA. Developmental expression profile ofquaking, a candidate gene for schizophrenia, and its target genes in human prefrontal cortex and hippocampus shows regional specificity. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:785-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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