1
|
Laurindo CP, Rego Gregorio KC, Rippi Moreno AC, Viudes Agostinho JM, Campos EC, Nai GA, Nunes MT, Seraphim PM. Resistance training mitigates hepato-cardiac changes and muscle mitochondrial protein reductions in rats with diet-induced obesity. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08374. [PMID: 34841103 PMCID: PMC8605435 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the effect of resistance training (RT) on hepatocardiovascular and muscle mitochondrial parameters in rats that were fed a high-calorie diet for 12 weeks. Main methods The animals were divided into four groups: control (C), exercise (E), obese (O), and obese plus exercise (OE). Group E and OE rats performed resistance training by climbing on a vertical ladder with load attached to the end of the tail (1×/day, 3×/week, for 12 weeks). Group O and OE rats were fed a high-calorie diet containing chow and a cafeteria diet for 12 weeks. Under anesthesia, the heart and liver were removed for histopathological analysis, and the gastrocnemius muscle was removed for Western blotting. Key findings Group O rats were heavier, with increased fat mass, elevated fasting glycemia, and total triglycerides, and exhibited a significant number of Kupffer cells and diffuse steatosis in the liver. Group O rats also showed increased thickness of the right ventricle, septum, and pulmonary artery. All of these parameters were attenuated by RT. PGC1-α protein levels were increased in both exercise groups. The protein levels of OXPHOS complexes III, IV, and V were reduced in Group O, while RT prevented this alteration. Significance RT exerts a protective effect against hepato-cardiac alterations and prevents changes in the muscle mitochondrial protein profile induced by a high-calorie diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Pancera Laurindo
- Department of Physiotherapy - School of Sciences and Technology - Sao Paulo, State University - UNESP, Campus Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Karen C Rego Gregorio
- Department of Physiotherapy - School of Sciences and Technology - Sao Paulo, State University - UNESP, Campus Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline Rippi Moreno
- Department of Physiotherapy - School of Sciences and Technology - Sao Paulo, State University - UNESP, Campus Presidente Prudente, Brazil.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics - Institute of Biomedical Sciences I, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Maia Viudes Agostinho
- Department of Physiotherapy - School of Sciences and Technology - Sao Paulo, State University - UNESP, Campus Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Carvalho Campos
- Department of Physiotherapy - School of Sciences and Technology - Sao Paulo, State University - UNESP, Campus Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Gisele Alborghetti Nai
- Department of Pathology - University of Western Sao Paulo, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics - Institute of Biomedical Sciences I, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Monteiro Seraphim
- Department of Physiotherapy - School of Sciences and Technology - Sao Paulo, State University - UNESP, Campus Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kendig MD, Martire SI, Boakes RA, Rooney KB. Comparable metabolic effects of isocaloric sucrose and glucose solutions in rats. Physiol Behav 2021; 229:113239. [PMID: 33152355 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Much of the global increase in sugar intake is attributable to rising consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). Because people compensate poorly for liquid calories, SSB consumption increases total energy intake, raising the risk of harmful metabolic effects in addition to possible effects of sugars per se. Glucose and fructose, the constituent sugars in sucrose, can exert distinct effects on metabolism and also differ in their satiating properties, suggesting that compensation for the calories in these sugars may also vary. In light of claims that the fructose within sucrose is particularly harmful, the present study compared the effects of giving rats access to either a sucrose or an isoenergetic glucose solution. Adult male rats were fed standard chow and water supplemented with 95 ml of 10% glucose (Glucose group; n = 10), 9% sucrose solution (Sucrose group; n = 10) or water only (Control group; n = 10) daily for 7 weeks. Sugar-fed groups had higher total energy intakes than the Control group, but the extent of this incomplete compensation did not vary between Sucrose and Glucose groups. In a short-term compensation test, sugar groups were less sensitive to the effects of a sweet pre-meal, with no differences between the Glucose and Sucrose groups. Relative to water, both sugars reduced insulin sensitivity after 4 weeks on the diets and elevated fat mass at 7 weeks. Results suggest that sucrose and glucose induce comparable metabolic impairments and alter the homeostatic regulation of food intake even under conditions where daily access is capped.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Kendig
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Sarah I Martire
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Robert A Boakes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Kieron B Rooney
- Faculty of Medicine and Healthy, University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Metabolic and cognitive improvement from switching to saccharin or water following chronic consumption by female rats of 10% sucrose solution. Physiol Behav 2018; 188:162-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
4
|
Barbosa de Queiroz K, Honorato-Sampaio K, Rossoni Júnior JV, Andrade Leal D, Pinto ABG, Kappes-Becker L, Evangelista EA, Guerra-Sá R. Physical activity prevents alterations in mitochondrial ultrastructure and glucometabolic parameters in a high-sugar diet model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172103. [PMID: 28199417 PMCID: PMC5310863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise is a remarkable intervention for the treatment of many diseases. Mitochondrial changes on skeletal muscle are likely important for many of the benefits provided by exercise. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects that a regular physical activity (swimming without workload) has on mitochondrial morphological alterations and glucometabolic parameters induced by a high-sugar diet (HSD). Weaned male Wistar rats fed with a standard diet or a HSD (68% carbohydrate) were subjected to 60 minutes of regular physical activity by swimming (without workload) for four- (20 sessions) or eight-week (40 sessions) periods. After training, animals were euthanized and the sera, adipose tissues, and skeletal muscles were collected for further analysis. The HSD increased body weight after an 8-week period; it also increased the fat pads and the adipose index, resulting in glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (IR). Transmission electron microscopy showed an increase in alterations of mitochondrial ultrastructure in the gastrocnemius muscle, as well as a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and an increase in protein carbonylation. Regular physical activity partially reverted these alterations in rats fed a HSD, preventing mitochondrial morphological alterations and IR. Moreover, we observed a decrease in Pgc1α expression (qPCR analysis) in STD-EXE group and a less pronounced reduction in HSD-EXE group after an 8-week period. Thus, regular physical activity (swimming without workload) in rats fed a HSD can prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and IR, highlighting the crucial role for physical activity on metabolic homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Barbosa de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Kinulpe Honorato-Sampaio
- Faculdade de Medicina, Campus JK, Universidade Federal dos Vales Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Joamyr Victor Rossoni Júnior
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Metabólica, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Diego Andrade Leal
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Lenice Kappes-Becker
- Centro de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Elisio Alberto Evangelista
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Renata Guerra-Sá
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Aparicio VA, Coll-Risco I, Camiletti-Moirón D, Nebot E, Martínez R, López-Jurado M, Aranda P. Interval aerobic training combined with strength-endurance exercise improves metabolic markers beyond caloric restriction in Zucker rats. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2016; 26:713-721. [PMID: 26874906 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength-endurance exercise (IASE) and caloric restriction (CR) on body composition, glycaemic and lipid profile and inflammatory markers. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-two Zucker diabetic fatty rats were randomised into 4 groups (sedentary + CR; sedentary + adlibitum; IASE + CR; and IASE + adlibitum). Training groups conducted an IASE programme in the same session, 5 days/week for 2 months. Body weight, fat and muscle mass and body water were measured using a body composition analyser. Plasma total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides, insulin, adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 and 10 were measured. Blood fasting and postprandial glucose were assessed. Body weight was lower in the CR compared to the adlibitum groups (p < 0.001). Fat mass was lower in the CR compared to the adlibitum (p < 0.05) and in the IASE compared to the sedentary groups (p < 0.001), but IASE increased lean mass (p < 0.001). Triglycerides were lower in the CR compared to the adlibitum groups (p < 0.001) whereas total and LDL-cholesterol and fasting glucose were reduced only in the IASE groups (all, p < 0.001). Phospholipids decreased in the CR compared to the adlibitum (p < 0.05) and the IASE compared to the sedentary groups (p < 0.001). The area under the curve after oral glucose tolerance test, insulin and homoeostatic model assessment were lower in the IASE and the CR compared to the sedentary and adlibitum groups, respectively (all, p < 0.001). Adiponectin was lower in the CR groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Overall, IASE as well as CR were both useful interventions, especially when combined. However, IASE showed greater improvements on body composition, inflammatory and glycaemic profile than CR did.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V A Aparicio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - I Coll-Risco
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - D Camiletti-Moirón
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cádiz, Spain
| | - E Nebot
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - R Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - M López-Jurado
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
| | - P Aranda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Coll-Risco I, Aparicio VA, Nebot E, Camiletti-Moirón D, Martínez R, Kapravelou G, López-Jurado M, Porres JM, Aranda P. Effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise on body composition, glycaemic and lipid profile and aerobic capacity of obese rats. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:1452-60. [PMID: 26634322 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1119296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session on body composition, and glycaemic and lipid profile in obese rats. Sixteen lean Zucker rats and sixteen obese Zucker rats were randomly divided into exercise and sedentary subgroups (4 groups, n = 8). Exercise consisted of interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise in the same training session. The animals trained 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Body composition, lipid and glycaemic profiles and inflammatory markers were assessed. Results showed that fat mass was reduced in both lean and obese rats following the exercise training (effect size (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 1.8 (0.5-3.0)). Plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and fasting glucose were lower in the exercise compared to the sedentary groups (d = 2.0 (0.7-3.2) and 1.8 (0.5-3.0), respectively). Plasma insulin was reduced in exercise compared to sedentary groups (d = 2.1 (0.8-3.4)). Some exercise × phenotype interactions showed that the highest decreases in insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance, fasting and postprandial glucose were observed in the obese + exercise group (all, P < 0.01). The findings of this study suggest that interval aerobic training combined with strength exercise would improve body composition, and lipid and glycaemic profiles, especially in obese rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Coll-Risco
- a Department of Physiology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n , Granada , Spain
| | - Virginia A Aparicio
- a Department of Physiology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n , Granada , Spain.,b Department of Public and Occupational Health , EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Elena Nebot
- a Department of Physiology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n , Granada , Spain
| | - Daniel Camiletti-Moirón
- a Department of Physiology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n , Granada , Spain
| | - Rosario Martínez
- a Department of Physiology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n , Granada , Spain
| | - Garyfallia Kapravelou
- a Department of Physiology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n , Granada , Spain
| | - María López-Jurado
- a Department of Physiology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n , Granada , Spain
| | - Jesús M Porres
- a Department of Physiology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n , Granada , Spain
| | - Pilar Aranda
- a Department of Physiology , Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Institute of Nutrition & Food Technology, Campus Universitario de Cartuja s/n , Granada , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kendig MD, Ekayanti W, Stewart H, Boakes RA, Rooney K. Metabolic Effects of Access to Sucrose Drink in Female Rats and Transmission of Some Effects to Their Offspring. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131107. [PMID: 26134991 PMCID: PMC4489893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were, first, to examine the metabolic consequences for female rats of having unrestricted access to 10% sucrose solution and, second, to test for effects of this dietary intervention on their offspring. In Stage 1 females were mated following a 4-week period in which one group was given the sucrose in addition to their normal chow and a control group was given chow and water only. Sucrose was removed at parturition and the pups monitored until weaning. Despite the development of glucose intolerance in sucrose-fed mothers, no effects were detected on litter size or pup weights. In Stage 2 voluntary activity of offspring was assessed over postnatal days (PND) 51-60 and their glucose tolerance measured at PND89-94. Again no effect of maternal diet was detected. Only male offspring were used in Stage 3, which began when they were 13 weeks old. Four groups were given 10% sucrose solution for 48 days in a 2 x 2 design, in which one factor was maternal diet and the other was whether they were given 2-h access to an activity wheel on alternate days. Higher fasting glucose levels were found in offspring of sugar-fed mothers. Exercise increased insulin sensitivity in these rats but not in offspring of control mothers. Behavioural measures of memory in Stage 3 did not reveal any effects of maternal diet or exercise. Overall, this study suggested that, while providing 10% sucrose solution ad-libitum was sufficient to impair maternal metabolism, the impact of this dietary manipulation on offspring may be revealed only when the offspring's diet is similarly manipulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Kendig
- School of Psychology (A18), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Winda Ekayanti
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Molecular Bioscience, Building G08, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Hayden Stewart
- Human Nutrition Unit, School of Molecular Bioscience, Building G08, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Robert A. Boakes
- School of Psychology (A18), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Kieron Rooney
- Exercise, Health and Performance, Faculty of Health Sciences (C42), Cumberland Campus, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales 2142, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Raipuria M, Bahari H, Morris MJ. Effects of maternal diet and exercise during pregnancy on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and fat of weanling rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120980. [PMID: 25853572 PMCID: PMC4390148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity during pregnancy contributes to the development of metabolic disorders in offspring. Maternal exercise may limit gestational weight gain and ameliorate these programming effects. We previously showed benefits of post-weaning voluntary exercise in offspring from obese dams. Here we examined whether voluntary exercise during pregnancy influences lipid and glucose homeostasis in muscle and fat in offspring of both lean and obese dams. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed chow (C) or high fat (F) diet for 6 weeks before mating. Half underwent voluntary exercise (CE/FE) with a running wheel introduced 10 days prior to mating and available until the dams delivered; others remained sedentary (CS/FS). Male and female pups were killed at postnatal day (PND)19 and retroperitoneal fat and gastrocnemius muscle were collected for gene expression. Lean and obese dams achieved similar modest levels of exercise. At PND1, both male and female pups from exercised lean dams were significantly lighter (CE versus CS), with no effect in those from obese dams. At PND19, maternal obesity significantly increased offspring body weight and adiposity, with no effect of maternal exercise. Exercise significantly reduced insulin concentrations in males (CE/FE versus CS/FS), with reduced glucose in male FE pups. In males, maternal obesity significantly decreased muscle myogenic differentiation 1 (MYOD1) and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) mRNA expressions (FS vs CS); these were normalized by exercise. Maternal exercise upregulated adipose GLUT4, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) mRNA expression in offspring of dams consuming chow. Modest voluntary exercise during pregnancy was associated with lower birth weight in pups from lean dams. Maternal exercise appeared to decrease the metabolic risk induced by maternal obesity, improving insulin/glucose metabolism, with greater effects in male than female offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Raipuria
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Margaret J. Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kendig MD, Lin CS, Beilharz JE, Rooney KB, Boakes RA. Maltodextrin can produce similar metabolic and cognitive effects to those of sucrose in the rat☆. Appetite 2014; 77:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
10
|
Kendig MD. Cognitive and behavioural effects of sugar consumption in rodents. A review. Appetite 2014; 80:41-54. [PMID: 24816323 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The pronounced global rise in sugar consumption in recent years has been driven largely by increased consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Although high sugar intakes are recognised to increase the risk of obesity and related metabolic disturbances, less is known about how sugar might also impair cognition and learned behaviour. This review considers the effects of sugar in rodents on measures of learning and memory, reward processing, anxiety and mood. The parallels between sugar consumption and addictive behaviours are also discussed. The available evidence clearly indicates that sugar consumption can induce cognitive dysfunction. Deficits have been found most consistently on tasks measuring spatial learning and memory. Younger animals appear to be particularly sensitive to the effects of sugar on reward processing, yet results vary according to what reward-related behaviour is assessed. Sugar does not appear to produce long-term effects on anxiety or mood. Importantly, cognitive impairments have been found when intake approximates levels of sugar consumption in people and without changes to weight gain. There remain several caveats when extrapolating from animal models to putative effects of sugar on cognitive function in people. These issues are discussed in conjunction with potential underlying neural mechanisms and directions for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Kendig
- School of Psychology (A18), University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kendig MD, Rooney KB, Corbit LH, Boakes RA. Persisting adiposity following chronic consumption of 10% sucrose solution: Strain differences and behavioural effects. Physiol Behav 2014; 130:54-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|