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Rodríguez MD, Ruiz Del Castillo ML, Blanch GP, de Pascual-Teresa S. Black bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. "Tolosa") polyphenolic composition through cooking and in vitro digestion. Food Funct 2024; 15:6395-6407. [PMID: 38828506 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01238k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, five different black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Tolosa) populations cultivated in different geographical areas including Oiartzun, Andoain, Azkoitia, San Esteban and Amasa Villabona, were studied and their polyphenolic content was determined. Two food products were prepared from the five different bean populations, cooked "Tolosa" beans and a hummus made with "Tolosa" cooked beans. Moreover, the variations of total polyphenol content (TPC), total anthocyanin content (TAC) and free radical scavenging activity by the 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method were analyzed for raw beans, cooked beans, and "Tolosa" beans hummus. Polyphenolic detailed composition was determined by means of HPLC-MS-QTOF analysis. The "Tolosa" bean population richest in polyphenols was selected in order to study the effect of in vitro digestion on the polyphenolic content and antioxidant effect and the degradation of the main anthocyanins was followed during the in vitro digestion. Finally, the effect of the different phases of digestion on the cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells was determined. The results suggest that cooking "Tolosa" black beans results in an increase in the bioaccessibility of polyphenols and their antioxidant activity, which, additionally has a positive effect on Caco-2 intestinal cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Desireé Rodríguez
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 6, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5001, Argentina
| | - María Luisa Ruiz Del Castillo
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 6, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gracia Patricia Blanch
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 6, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sonia de Pascual-Teresa
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 6, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Rossi I, Mignogna C, Del Rio D, Mena P. Health effects of 100% fruit and vegetable juices: evidence from human subject intervention studies. Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:194-238. [PMID: 37655747 DOI: 10.1017/s095442242300015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of 100% fruit and vegetable juices (FVJ) represent a controversial topic. FVJ contain notable amounts of free sugars, but also vitamins, minerals, and secondary compounds with proven biological activities like (poly)phenols and carotenoids. The review aimed to shed light on the potential impact of 100% FVJ on human subject health, comprehensively assessing the role each type of juice may have in specific health outcomes for a particular target population, as reported in dietary interventions. The effects of a wide range of FVJ (orange, grapefruit, mandarin, lemon, apple, white, red, and Concord grapes, pomegranate, cranberry, chokeberry, blueberry, other minor berries, sweet and tart cherry, plum, tomato, carrot, beetroot, and watermelon, among others) were evaluated on a series of outcomes (anthropometric parameters, body composition, blood pressure and vascular function, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, cognitive function, exercise performance, gut microbiota composition and bacterial infections), providing a thorough picture of the contribution of each FVJ to a health outcome. Some juices demonstrated their ability to exert potential preventive effects on some outcomes while others on other health outcomes, emphasising how the differential composition in bioactive compounds defines juice effects. Research gaps and future prospects were discussed. Although 100% FVJ appear to have beneficial effects on some cardiometabolic health outcomes, cognition and exercise performance, or neutral effects on anthropometric parameters and body composition, further efforts are needed to better understand the impact of 100% FVJ on human subject health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rossi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiana Mignogna
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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3
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Rodriguez M, Monsierra L, Mansilla PS, Pérez GT, de Pascual-Teresa S. Phenolic Characterization of a Purple Maize ( Zea mays cv. "Moragro") by HPLC-QTOF-MS and Study of Its Bioaccessibility Using a Simulated In Vitro Digestion/Caco-2 Culture Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6327-6338. [PMID: 38484116 PMCID: PMC10979446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The present work aimed to characterize the phenolic and antioxidant content of the Argentinian purple maize "Moragro" cultivar. Additionally, the INFOGEST simulated in vitro digestion model was used to establish the effect of digestion on bioactive compounds. Finally, digestion samples were used to treat Caco-2 cells in the transwell model to better understand their bioavailability. Twenty-six phenolic compounds were found in purple maize cv. "Moragro", 15 nonanthocyanins and 11 anthocyanins. Several compounds were identified in maize for the first time, such as pyrogallol, citric acid, gallic acid, kaempferol 3-(6″-ferulylglucoside), and kaempferol 3-glucuronide. Anthocyanins accounted for 24.9% of total polyphenols, with the predominant anthocyanin being cyanidin-3-(6″ malonylglucoside). Catechin-(4,8)-cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and catechin-(4,8)-cyanidin-3-malonylglucoside-5-glucoside were detected as characteristics of this American maize variety. Total polyphenol content (TPC; by the Folin-Ciocalteu method), HPLC-DAD/MSMS, and antioxidant activity [by DPPH and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] were evaluated throughout in vitro digestion. TPC, DPPH, and FRAP results were 2.71 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g, 24 μmol Trolox equiv/g, and 22 μmol Trolox eq/g, respectively. The in vitro digestion process did not cause significant differences in TPC. However, the antioxidant activity was significantly decreased. Moreover, the bioavailability of anthocyanins was studied, showing that a small fraction of polyphenols in their intact form was conserved at the end of digestion. Finally, a protective effect of digested maize polyphenols was observed in the Caco-2 cell viability. The results suggest that "Moragro" purple maize is a good source of bioavailable anthocyanins in the diet and an interesting source of this group of compounds for the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela
Desireé Rodriguez
- Department
of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of
Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Facultad
de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional
de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Luisina Monsierra
- Facultad
de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional
de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Instituto
de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICyTAC),
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
(CONICET)—UNC. Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Pablo Sebastián Mansilla
- Facultad
de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional
de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Instituto
de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICyTAC),
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
(CONICET)—UNC. Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Teresa Pérez
- Facultad
de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional
de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Instituto
de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos Córdoba (ICyTAC),
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
(CONICET)—UNC. Córdoba 5016, Argentina
| | - Sonia de Pascual-Teresa
- Department
of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of
Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de
Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Jose Antonio Novais 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Kongor JE, de Pascual-Teresa S, Owusu M, Kyei-Baffour VO, Oduro-Yeboah C. Investigating the effect of red beetroot powder concentration and processing time on the bioactive compounds composition and antioxidant capacity of beetroot dark chocolate. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:184-195. [PMID: 37549223 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of functional foods is receiving increased recognition as a result of the general interest in healthy diets as part of a healthier lifestyle. This project sought to incorporate red beetroot in dark chocolate and investigate the effect of beetroot powder concentration and processing time on the chocolates' bioactive compound composition, antioxidant capacity, and sugar content. RESULTS The results showed the presence of bioactive compounds such as betalains and vitamin C in the red beetroot with relatively high antioxidant capacity. The addition of beetroot powder to dark chocolate increased the majority of the bioactive compounds (e.g. catechin, epicatechin, betalains, vitamin C) while at the same time increasing the antioxidant capacity. It also resulted in a decrease in sugar content. Except for vitamin C, processing for more than 12 h had an increasing effect on the majority of the bioactive compounds. Beetroot powder incorporation at a maximum of 30% and processing for 24 h was regarded as optimal. CONCLUSION Overall, the present study suggests that red beetroot powder could be added to dark chocolates and processed for more than 12 h to increase the bioactive compounds and overall antioxidant capacity. This research would help to diversify beetroot utilization, reduce post-harvest losses, and improve the overall health-promoting properties of dark chocolate for improved consumer well-being. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Edem Kongor
- Food Technology Research Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Food Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sonia de Pascual-Teresa
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Margaret Owusu
- Food Technology Research Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Food Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
| | - Vincent Owusu Kyei-Baffour
- Food Technology Research Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Food Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
| | - Charlotte Oduro-Yeboah
- Food Technology Research Division, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Food Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
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Castro RJ, Pedroza K, Hong MY. The effects of mango consumption on vascular health and immune function. Metabol Open 2023; 20:100260. [PMID: 38115868 PMCID: PMC10728568 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Heart disease, caused by atherosclerosis, is the leading cause of death. Maintaining vascular integrity is crucial to reducing atherosclerosis risk. Mangos are rich in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals that may offer cardioprotective and immune-boosting benefits. However, their effects on the vasculature and immune system in adults with overweight and obesity remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mango consumption on vascular health and immune function in adults with overweight and obesity. Methods In a 12-week, crossover study, 27 overweight and obese participants consumed either 100 kcals of mangos daily or isocaloric low-fat cookies daily. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline, week 4, and week 12 and analyzed for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), P-selectin, E-selectin, sCD4, sCD8, sCD3E, and sCD45, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Results Mango consumption significantly decreased VCAM-1 between baseline and week 4 (P = 0.046) and week 12 (P = 0.004). CAT increased between baseline and week 12 (P = 0.035) with mango consumption. GPx increased at week 12 compared to baseline and week 4 (P < 0.05). At week 12, SOD was higher after mango consumption compared to low-fat cookie consumption (P = 0.046). There were no significant differences in ICAM-1, P-selectin, E-selectin, sCD4, sCD8, sCD3E, sCD45 or TNF-α concentrations (P > 0.05 for all non-significant results). Conclusions This study suggests that 100 kcals of mangos may benefit the integrity of the vasculature by reducing VCAM-1 and increasing SOD, CAT, and GPx levels. Mangos can be an alternative snack for improving atherosclerosis and oxidative stress risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Castro
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Kazandra Pedroza
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Mee Young Hong
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
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Gualtieri P, Marchetti M, Frank G, Smeriglio A, Trombetta D, Colica C, Cianci R, De Lorenzo A, Di Renzo L. Antioxidant-Enriched Diet on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Gene Expression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:206. [PMID: 36672947 PMCID: PMC9859217 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is associated with beneficial effects against chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs). In particular, the content of micronutrients leads to an improvement of the oxidative and inflammatory profiles. A randomized, parallel, controlled study, on 24 subjects, was conducted to evaluate if 2-week supplementation with a mixed apple and bergamot juice (MAB juice), had a positive impact on the body composition, the biochemical profile, and oxidative and inflammatory gene expression (Superoxide dismutase (SOD1), Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ), catalase (CAT), chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5), Nuclear Factor Kappa B Subunit 1 (NFKB1), Vitamin D Receptor (VDR), and Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF)), respect to a MedDiet. Body composition evaluation analysis showed a gain in lean mass (p < 0.01). Moreover, a significant reduction in total cholesterol/HDL index (p < 0.01) was pointed out between the two groups. Gene expression analysis highlighted an increase in MIF (p ≤ 0.05), PPARγ (p < 0.001), SOD1 (p ≤ 0.05), and VDR (p ≤ 0.05) expressions when comparing MedDiet and MedDiet + MAB juice groups. These data based on the nutrigenomics approach demonstrated that supplementing 2 weeks of MAB juice to the MedDiet could contribute to a reduction in the risk of CNCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Gualtieri
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Marchetti
- School of Specialization in Food Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Frank
- Ph.D. School of Applied Medical-Surgical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmela Colica
- CNR, IBFM UOS, Università Magna Graecia, Viale Europa, 88100 Germaneto, Italy
| | - Rossella Cianci
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Di Renzo
- Section of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomics, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Kim SJ, Anh NH, Jung CW, Long NP, Park S, Cho YH, Yoon YC, Lee EG, Kim M, Son EY, Kim TH, Deng Y, Lim J, Kwon SW. Metabolic and Cardiovascular Benefits of Apple and Apple-Derived Products: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:766155. [PMID: 35449537 PMCID: PMC9016272 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.766155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quantitative evidence of the metabolic and cardiovascular effects of apples (Malus domestica) is lacking in interventional studies. This study aimed to summarize the available evidence of the beneficial effects of apples and apple-derived products (ADPs) on metabolic and cardiovascular markers. Methods Peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from four databases on May 3, 2021 and regularly updated until the end of May 2021. Demographic characteristics, intervention types, and evaluation parameters were extracted. A meta-analysis on the mean difference of change scores was conducted on commonly presented outcomes in the RCTs. Results The metabolic and cardiovascular effects of diverse regimens, including whole apple, apple extract, and apple juice, were examined in 18 eligible RCTs. Nine common evaluation outcomes were eventually introduced to the meta-analysis, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, and systolic/diastolic blood pressures. The levels of TC (−2.69 mg/dL; 95% CI: −5.43, 0.04 mg/dL) and LDL (−2.80 mg/dL; 95% CI: −5.78, 0.17 mg/dL) showed a non-significant decreasing tendency after at least a week of apple consumption. Further subgroup analysis, particularly, a comparison with placebo as a control, showed a significant reduction in TC and LDL levels. When stratified by the baseline level, subjects with high TC and LDL level were shown to have more benefits from the apple intake. Intriguingly, apple and ADPs significantly reduced HDL levels to a small extent (−1.04 mg/dL; 95% CI: −1.79, −0.29 mg/dL). The other markers were mostly unaffected by the intervention. Conclusion Our investigation revealed that apples could improve blood cholesterol levels. Systematic Review Registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42020215977].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nguyen Hoang Anh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol Woon Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nguyen Phuoc Long
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongoh Park
- Department of Statistics, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hyun Cho
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Cheol Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Goo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eui Young Son
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Ha Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yingqian Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Johan Lim
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Won Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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8
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Health Benefits of Apple Juice Consumption: A Review of Interventional Trials on Humans. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040821. [PMID: 35215471 PMCID: PMC8879758 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous studies have reported the benefits of apple consumption on cardiometabolic health parameters and chronic disease prevention, few have focused on the effects of apple juice specifically. Juice consumption may be a convenient way to take advantage of the health effects of the bioactive components present in apples. The present review aims to summarize the current literature on health benefits of apple juice as reported in clinical trials in humans. Of the 67 studies retained, 20 interventional studies on humans were reviewed. Overall, cloudy apple juice consumption was found to be associated with several markers of cardiovascular health that may ultimately be relevant for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Most of the documentation was found regarding oxidative stress, as well as observations with other parameters such as markers of inflammation, lipid profile, and diabetes. This review suggests that, in 20 studies, apple juice consumed in moderation exerts positive effects on markers of cardiovascular disease risk (particularly on oxidative stress).
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Liddle DM, Lin X, Cox LC, Ward EM, Ansari R, Wright AJ, Robinson LE. Daily apple consumption reduces plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell-secreted inflammatory biomarkers in adults with overweight and obesity: a 6-week randomized, controlled, parallel-arm trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:752-763. [PMID: 33964852 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-associated low-grade inflammation contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Apples are rich in anti-inflammatory bioactives including polyphenols and fiber. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the effects of regular apple consumption on fasting plasma biomarkers of inflammation (primary outcome), endotoxemia, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism (glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol; secondary outcomes), and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-secreted cytokines (secondary outcome) in individuals with overweight and obesity. METHODS A randomized, controlled, parallel-arm trial was conducted with n = 46 participants. After avoiding foods and beverages rich in polyphenols and fiber for 2 wk, participants consumed 3 whole Gala apples (∼200 g edible parts)/d as part of their habitual diet (n = 23) or avoided apples (control, n = 23) for 6 wk. All participants limited consumption of polyphenols and fiber during the 6-wk trial. Fasting blood samples were collected before and after 6 wk for analysis of plasma biomarkers and isolation of PBMCs, which were cultured for 24 h unstimulated or stimulated with LPS (10 ng/mL). RESULTS Forty-four participants completed the trial (30 female, 14 male; mean ± SEM age: 45.4 ± 2.2 y; BMI: 33.4 ± 0.9 kg/m2). After ANCOVA and correcting for multiple comparisons, apples decreased fasting plasma C-reactive protein by 17.0% (range: 14.3%-19.6%, P = 0.005), IL-6 by 12.4% (range: 6.7%-17.5%, P < 0.001), and LPS-binding protein by 20.7% (range: 14.1%-26.4%, P < 0.001) compared with control. Apples also decreased PBMC-secreted IL-6 by 28.3% (range: 22.4%-33.5%, P < 0.001) and IL-17 by 11.0% (range 5.8-15.6%, P = 0.003) in the unstimulated condition compared with control. Exploratory analysis showed apples also increased plasma total antioxidant capacity by 9.6% (range: 1.7-18.9%, P = 0.002) compared with control. However, apples had no effect on anthropometric or other CVD risk markers. CONCLUSIONS Six-week daily whole Gala apple consumption may be an effective dietary strategy to mitigate the obesity-associated inflammation that exacerbates CVD risk, without weight loss. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03523403.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle M Liddle
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xinjie Lin
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Liam C Cox
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily M Ward
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rufaida Ansari
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda J Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay E Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Taghizadeh S, Izadi A, Shirazi S, Parizad M, Pourghassem Gargari B. The effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation on inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers in overweight/obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:26-30. [PMID: 32544011 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1779689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed at determining the effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on the inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction indices among overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed among overweight and obese women diagnosed with PCOS. Forty three PCOS women were randomly assigned to two groups: one group received 200 mg CoQ10 capsules per day (n = 22) and the other received placebo (n = 21) for 8 weeks. Biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction including high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin were measured and compared before and after the intervention. RESULTS At the end of study, compared with pldacebo, CoQ10 supplementation resulted in significant decreases in serum levels of TNF-α (p = 0.009), hs-CRP and IL-6 (p = 0.001, p = 0.007, respectively). In addition, supplementation with CoQ10 resulted in a significant reduction in serum VCAM-1 (p = .002) and E-selectin (p = .006) compared with the control group. There were no significant differences for serum ICAM-1. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that CoQ10 supplementation for 8 weeks had a beneficial effect on inflammatory and endothelial dysfunction markers in overweight and obese patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Taghizadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Azimeh Izadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shirazi
- Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Parizad
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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11
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Clarke ED, Rollo ME, Pezdirc K, Collins CE, Haslam RL. Urinary biomarkers of dietary intake: a review. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:364-381. [PMID: 31670796 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary intakes are commonly assessed by established methods including food frequency questionnaires, food records, or recalls. These self-report methods have limitations impacting validity and reliability. Dietary biomarkers provide objective verification of self-reported food intakes, and represent a rapidly evolving area. This review aims to summarize the urinary biomarkers of individual foods, food groups, dietary patterns, or nutritional supplements that have been evaluated to date. Six electronic databases were searched. Included studies involved healthy populations, were published from 2000, and compared measured dietary intake with urinary markers. The initial search identified 9985 studies; of these, 616 full texts were retrieved and 109 full texts were included. Of the included studies, 67 foods and food components were studied, and 347 unique urinary biomarkers were identified. The most reliable biomarkers identified were whole grains (alkylresorcinols), soy (isoflavones), and sugar (sucrose and fructose). While numerous novel urinary biomarkers have been identified, further validation studies are warranted to verify the accuracy of self-reported intakes and utility within practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Clarke
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Megan E Rollo
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristine Pezdirc
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Clare E Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Haslam
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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12
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Giacco R, Costabile G, Fatati G, Frittitta L, Maiorino MI, Marelli G, Parillo M, Pistis D, Tubili C, Vetrani C, Vitale M. Effects of polyphenols on cardio-metabolic risk factors and risk of type 2 diabetes. A joint position statement of the Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group of the Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), the Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI) and the Italian Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:355-367. [PMID: 31918979 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM A large body of evidence supports a role of polyphenols in the prevention of chronic diseases, i.e. type 2 diabetes (DMT2), cardiovascular diseases and some types of cancer. In the present manuscript, the effect of polyphenol/phenolic compounds on the main cardio-metabolic risk factors (body weight, blood pressure, blood glucose concentrations, plasma lipids, inflammation and oxidative stress) in humans will be discussed. DATA SYNTHESIS Epidemiological evidence supports the beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich diets in the prevention of T2D risk. However, the available evidence from randomized controlled clinical trials did not allow the identification of specific phenolic compounds or polyphenol-rich foods that effectively improve cardio-metabolic risk factors. The most promising results in terms of the management of cardio-metabolic risk factors derive from RCTs based on a long-term intake of polyphenol-rich foods and beverages. Therefore, future studies should focus on a diet containing different classes of polyphenols rather than a specific food or phenolic compound. The hypothesis is that a polyphenol-rich diet may have a pleiotropic effect on cardiometabolic risk factors thanks to the specific action of different polyphenol subclasses. CONCLUSION The lack of conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of polyphenols in the management of cardio-metabolic risk factors does not allow recommendation of their use as supplements to reduce T2D and CVD risk. However, the daily consumption of naturally polyphenol-rich foods and beverages might be advised according to the current nutritional dietary recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Giacco
- Institute of Food Science of National Research Council, Avellino, Italy; Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Dep. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Fatati
- Unit of Diabetology, Dietology and Clinical Nutrition, S. Maria Hospital, Terni, Italy; Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI), Italy
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi Hospital, Via Palermo 636, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria I Maiorino
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Diabetes Unit, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marelli
- Unit of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, Vimercate Hospital, Vimercate, Italy; Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Parillo
- Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI), Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anna and St. Sebastian Hospital, Caserta, Italy
| | - Danila Pistis
- Association of Medical Diabetologists (AMD), Rome, Italy; ATS Sardegna U.O. Diabetologia Poliambulatorio Quartu S.E. Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudio Tubili
- Italian Association of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition (ADI), Italy; Diabetes Unit, "S.Camillo-Forlanini" Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Dep. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Italian Society of Diabetology (SID), Roma, Italy; Dep. of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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13
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Koutsos A, Riccadonna S, Ulaszewska MM, Franceschi P, Trošt K, Galvin A, Braune T, Fava F, Perenzoni D, Mattivi F, Tuohy KM, Lovegrove JA. Two apples a day lower serum cholesterol and improve cardiometabolic biomarkers in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:307-318. [PMID: 31840162 PMCID: PMC6997084 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apples are rich in bioactive polyphenols and fiber. Evidence suggests that consumption of apples or their bioactive components is associated with beneficial effects on lipid metabolism and other markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, adequately powered randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm these data and explore the mechanisms. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the effects of apple consumption on circulating lipids, vascular function, and other CVD risk markers. METHODS The trial was a randomized, controlled, crossover, intervention study. Healthy mildly hypercholesterolemic volunteers (23 women, 17 men), with a mean ± SD BMI 25.3 ± 3.7 kg/m2 and age 51 ± 11 y, consumed 2 apples/d [Renetta Canada, rich in proanthocyanidins (PAs)] or a sugar- and energy-matched apple control beverage (CB) for 8 wk each, separated by a 4-wk washout period. Fasted blood was collected before and after each treatment. Serum lipids, glucose, insulin, bile acids, and endothelial and inflammation biomarkers were measured, in addition to microvascular reactivity, using laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis, and arterial stiffness, using pulse wave analysis. RESULTS Whole apple (WA) consumption decreased serum total (WA: 5.89 mmol/L; CB: 6.11 mmol/L; P = 0.006) and LDL cholesterol (WA: 3.72 mmol/L; CB: 3.86 mmol/L; P = 0.031), triacylglycerol (WA: 1.17 mmol/L; CB: 1.30 mmol/L; P = 0.021), and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (WA: 153.9 ng/mL; CB: 159.4 ng/mL; P = 0.028), and increased serum uric acid (WA: 341.4 μmol/L; CB: 330 μmol/L; P = 0.020) compared with the CB. The response to endothelium-dependent microvascular vasodilation was greater after the apples [WA: 853 perfusion units (PU), CB: 760 PU; P = 0.037] than after the CB. Apples had no effect on blood pressure or other CVD markers. CONCLUSIONS These data support beneficial hypocholesterolemic and vascular effects of the daily consumption of PA-rich apples by mildly hypercholesterolemic individuals.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01988389.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Koutsos
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and the Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Samantha Riccadonna
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Maria M Ulaszewska
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Kajetan Trošt
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Steno Diabetes Centre Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Amanda Galvin
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and the Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya Braune
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and the Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Fava
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Daniele Perenzoni
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Povo, Italy
| | - Kieran M Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and the Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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14
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Speer H, D'Cunha NM, Botek M, McKune AJ, Sergi D, Georgousopoulou E, Mellor DD, Naumovski N. The Effects of Dietary Polyphenols on Circulating Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers and Iron Status: A Systematic Review. Nutr Metab Insights 2019; 12:1178638819882739. [PMID: 31673228 PMCID: PMC6804354 DOI: 10.1177/1178638819882739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rising worldwide, remaining the major cause of death in developed countries. Polyphenols have been shown to have cardioprotective properties; however, their impact on iron bioavailability and potential impact on other aspects of health is unclear. A systematic review was undertaken to evaluate the current status of the relationship between habitual polyphenol consumption, iron status, and circulating biomarkers of CVD. Following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2009 guidelines, searches were performed across 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL) to identify randomized controlled trials which investigated the effects of polyphenol consumption on inflammatory markers, serum lipid profile, and iron absorption and bioavailability. In total, 1174 records were identified, with only 7 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The selected studies involved 133 participants and used a variety of foods and supplements, including olive oil and cherries, rich in polyphenols including hydroxytyrosol, quercetin, and resveratrol, as well as catechin enriched drinks. The duration of the studies ranged from between 56 and 145 days, with total polyphenolic content of the food items and supplements ranging from 45 to 1015 mg (per 100 g). Polyphenols did not appear to interfere with iron status, and most studies reported improvements in inflammatory markers and lipid profile. While these results are promising, the limited number of studies and considerable heterogeneity across the interventions support the need for more extensive trials assessing the relationship between polyphenol intake, iron bioavailability, and CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Speer
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Nathan M D'Cunha
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
| | - Michal Botek
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew J McKune
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Domenico Sergi
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Nutrition & Health Substantiation Group, Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ekavi Georgousopoulou
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Australian National University Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Duane D Mellor
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nenad Naumovski
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia.,Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia
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15
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Relation of Fruits and Vegetables with Major Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Markers of Oxidation, and Inflammation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102381. [PMID: 31590420 PMCID: PMC6835769 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are considered to be the leading cause of death worldwide. Inadequate fruit and vegetable intake have been recognized as a risk factor for almost all NCDs (type 2 diabetes mellitus, cancer, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases). The main aim of this review is to examine the possible protective effect that fruit and vegetable consumption or their bioactive compounds may have on the development of NCDs such as atherosclerosis. The accumulated evidence on the protective effects of adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables in some cases, or the lack of evidence in others, are summarized in the present review. The main conclusion of this review is that well-designed, large-scale, long-term studies are needed to truly understand the role fruit and vegetable consumption or their bioactive compounds have in atherosclerosis.
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16
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Haghighatdoost F, Hariri M. The effect of green tea on inflammatory mediators: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2274-2287. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Haghighatdoost
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food ScienceIsfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Mitra Hariri
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research CenterNeyshabur University of Medical Sciences Neyshabur Iran
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17
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Lack of a Synergistic Effect on Cardiometabolic and Redox Markers in a Dietary Supplementation with Anthocyanins and Xanthophylls in Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071533. [PMID: 31284490 PMCID: PMC6683247 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are pivotal for a healthy diet due partly to their content in bioactive compounds. It is for this reason that we conducted a parallel study to unravel the possible effect on cardiometabolic parameters of the ingestion of anthocyanins, xanthophylls, or both groups of bioactives together in postmenopausal women. Seventy-two postmenopausal women were randomized into an 8-month parallel study: a group consuming 60 mg/day anthocyanins (Group A), a group consuming 6 mg lutein and 2 mg zeaxanthin per day (Group X), and a third group consuming a combination of anthocyanins and xanthophylls in the same amounts (Group A+X). Non-targeted metabolomic analysis was done in plasma samples at baseline and after the 8-month intervention by HPLC-QTOF-MS. Inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardiometabolic parameters were measured at the beginning of the study and after 4 and 8-months intervention. Compared with baseline values, none of the 8-month treatments significantly (p < 0.05) changed systolic or diastolic blood pressure (BP), plasma C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9. Only plasma glucose levels were significantly decreased by treatment A+X after 8 months, and the plasma metabolomic profile was clearly affected by all three dietary supplementations after 8 months. In parallel, there was an increase, also for the three groups, in the plasma ferric reducing antioxidant power value that did not show any synergistic effect between the two groups of bioactives. Postmenopausal women could benefit from an increase in anthocyanins and xanthophylls intake, through the consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in these two types of compounds. Accordingly, plasma glucose and, above all, the reducing power in plasma, could be improved.
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18
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Koivisto AE, Olsen T, Paur I, Paulsen G, Bastani NE, Garthe I, Raastad T, Matthews J, Blomhoff R, Bøhn SK. Effects of antioxidant-rich foods on altitude-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in elite endurance athletes: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217895. [PMID: 31194785 PMCID: PMC6563980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various altitude training regimes, systematically used to improve oxygen carrying capacity and sports performance, have been associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. We investigated whether increased intake of common antioxidant-rich foods attenuates these processes. Methods In a randomized controlled trial, 31 elite endurance athletes (23 ± 5 years), ingested antioxidant-rich foods (n = 16), (> doubling their usual intake), or eucaloric control foods (n = 15) during a 3-week altitude training camp (2320 m). Fasting blood and urine samples were collected 7 days pre-altitude, after 5 and 18 days at altitude, and 7 days post-altitude. Change over time was compared between the groups using mixed models for antioxidant capacity [uric acid-free (ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP)], oxidative stress (8-epi-PGF2α) and inflammatory biomarkers (IFNγ, IL1α, IL1RA, IL1β, IL2, IL5, IL6, IL7, IL10, IL12p70, IL13, IL17, TNFα, MCP-1 and micro-CRP). The cytokine response to a stress-test (VO2max ramp test or 100 m swimming) was assessed at pre- and post-altitude. Results FRAP increased more in the antioxidant compared to the control group (p = 0.034). IL13 decreased in the antioxidant group, while increasing in the controls (p = 0.006). A similar trend was seen for IL6 (p = 0.062). A larger decrease in micro-CRP was detected in the antioxidant group compared to controls (β: -0.62, p = 0.02). We found no group differences for the remaining cytokines. 8-epi-PGF2α increased significantly in the whole population (p = 0.033), regardless group allocation. The stress response was significantly larger post-altitude compared with pre-altitude for IL1β, IL6, IL7, IL13, IL12p70 and TNFα, but we found no group differences. Conclusions Increased intake of antioxidant-rich foods elevated the antioxidant capacity and attenuated some of the altitude-induced systemic inflammatory biomarkers in elite athletes. The antioxidant intervention had no impact on the altitude-induced oxidative stress or changes in acute cytokine responses to exercise stress-tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Elisa Koivisto
- Norwegian Olympic Sports Centre, Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Paur
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gøran Paulsen
- Norwegian Olympic Sports Centre, Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ina Garthe
- Norwegian Olympic Sports Centre, Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Raastad
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jason Matthews
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siv Kjølsrud Bøhn
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- * E-mail:
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19
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Giaretta AG, Schulz M, Silveira TT, de Oliveira MV, Patrício MJ, Gonzaga LV, Fett R, da Silva EL, Wazlawik E. Apple intake improves antioxidant parameters in hemodialysis patients without affecting serum potassium levels. Nutr Res 2018; 64:56-63. [PMID: 30802723 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients, and the consumption of fruits seems to improve OS due to their antioxidant properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that Fuji apple intake improves OS markers in HD patients due to its polyphenolic compounds without increasing serum potassium levels. This trial was a 1-group, pre- and posttest comparison between 16 patients who had been on hemodialysis for at least 3 months without any acute illness or hyperkalemia. Each volunteer consumed 2 Fuji apples (~360 g) per day for 1 week. Blood samples were collected at the baseline period and after 8 days for the measurement of total antioxidant status, ascorbic acid, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, potassium, phosphorus, uric acid, glucose, and fructosamine. For tolerance evaluation, participants were asked about their bowel habits. Apple intake increased glutathione peroxidase (P = .006) and superoxide dismutase activities (P = .006) and ascorbic acid levels (P = .002). No significant changes were observed in uric acid, potassium, phosphorus, glucose, and fructosamine levels. Additionally, there was a decrease in the catalase activity (P = .021) and in the total antioxidant status values (P = .004). However, increased total oxidant status (P = .003) and oxidative stress index (P = .033) levels were observed after apple intake. In conclusion, the intake of 2 Fuji apples per day for 1 week was well tolerated and improved antioxidant parameters in HD patients without affecting serum potassium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia G Giaretta
- Post-graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Schulz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Taís T Silveira
- Post-graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Marina V de Oliveira
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | | | - Luciano V Gonzaga
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Roseane Fett
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Edson L da Silva
- Post-graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analyses, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Elisabeth Wazlawik
- Post-graduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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20
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Siriwoharn T, Surawang S. Protective effect of sweet basil extracts against vitamin C degradation in a model solution and in guava juice. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanyaporn Siriwoharn
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry; Chiang Mai University, Mae Hea, Muang; Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand
| | - Suthat Surawang
- Division of Product Development Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry; Chiang Mai University, Mae Hea, Muang; Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand
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21
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Trošt K, Ulaszewska MM, Stanstrup J, Albanese D, De Filippo C, Tuohy KM, Natella F, Scaccini C, Mattivi F. Host: Microbiome co-metabolic processing of dietary polyphenols - An acute, single blinded, cross-over study with different doses of apple polyphenols in healthy subjects. Food Res Int 2018; 112:108-128. [PMID: 30131118 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Apples are one of the most commonly consumed fruits and their high polyphenol content is considered one of the most important determinants of their health-promoting activities. Here we studied the nutrikinetics of apple polyphenols by UHPLC-HRMS metabolite fingerprinting, comparing bioavailability when consumed in a natural or a polyphenol-enriched cloudy apple juice. Twelve men and women participated in an acute single blind controlled crossover study in which they consumed 250 mL of cloudy apple juice (CAJ), Crispy Pink apple variety, or 250 mL of the same juice enriched with 750 mg of an apple polyphenol extract (PAJ). Plasma and whole blood were collected at time 0, 1, 2, 3 and 5 h. Urine was collected at time 0 and 0-2, 2-5, 5-8, and 8-24 h after juice consumption. Faecal samples were collected from each individual during the study for 16S rRNA gene profiling. As many as 110 metabolites were significantly elevated following intake of polyphenol enriched cloudy apple juice, with large inter-individual variations. The comparison of the average area under the curve of circulating metabolites in plasma and in urine of volunteers consuming either the CAJ or the PAJ demonstrated a stable metabotype, suggesting that an increase in polyphenol concentration in fruit does not limit their bioavailability upon ingestion. Faecal bacteria were correlated with specific microbial catabolites derived from apple polyphenols. Human metabolism of apple polyphenols is a co-metabolic process between human encoded activities and those of our resident microbiota. Here we have identified specific blood and urine metabolic biomarkers of apple polyphenol intake and identified putative associations with specific genera of faecal bacteria, associations which now need confirmation in specifically designed mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajetan Trošt
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy; Systems Medicine, Steno Diabetes Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria M Ulaszewska
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Jan Stanstrup
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Davide Albanese
- Department of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Carlotta De Filippo
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Kieran M Tuohy
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy.
| | - Fausta Natella
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Cristina Scaccini
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA), Food and Nutrition Research Centre, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Fulvio Mattivi
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy; Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy.
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22
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Zhao CN, Meng X, Li Y, Li S, Liu Q, Tang GY, Li HB. Fruits for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Nutrients 2017; 9:E598. [PMID: 28608832 PMCID: PMC5490577 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading global health problems. Accumulating epidemiological studies have indicated that consuming fruits was inversely related to the risk of CVDs. Moreover, substantial experimental studies have supported the protective role of fruits against CVDs, and several fruits (grape, blueberry, pomegranate, apple, hawthorn, and avocado) have been widely studied and have shown potent cardiovascular protective action. Fruits can prevent CVDs or facilitate the restoration of morphology and functions of heart and vessels after injury. The involved mechanisms included protecting vascular endothelial function, regulating lipids metabolism, modulating blood pressure, inhibiting platelets function, alleviating ischemia/reperfusion injury, suppressing thrombosis, reducing oxidative stress, and attenuating inflammation. The present review summarizes recent discoveries about the effects of fruits on CVDs and discusses potential mechanisms of actions based on evidence from epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Ning Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Guo-Yi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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23
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Zheng J, Zhou Y, Li S, Zhang P, Zhou T, Xu DP, Li HB. Effects and Mechanisms of Fruit and Vegetable Juices on Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E555. [PMID: 28273863 PMCID: PMC5372571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have indicated that consumption of vegetables and fruits are positively related to lower incidence of several chronic noncommunicable diseases. Although composition of fruit and vegetable juices is different from that of the edible portion of fruits and vegetables, they contain polyphenols and vitamins from fruits and vegetables. Drinking vegetable and fruit juices is very popular in many countries, and also an efficient way to improve consumption of fruits and vegetables. The studies showed that fruit and vegetable juices affect cardiovascular risk factors, such as lowering blood pressure and improving blood lipid profiles. The main mechanisms of action included antioxidant effects, improvement of the aspects of the cardiovascular system, inhibition of platelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory effects, and prevention of hyperhomocysteinemia. Drinking juices might be a potential way to improve cardiovascular health, especially mixtures of juices because they contain a variety of polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals from different fruits and vegetables. This review summarizes recent studies on the effects of fruit and vegetable juices on indicators of cardiovascular disease, and special attention is paid to the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Pei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Tong Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Dong-Ping Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
- South China Sea Bioresource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Tomé-Carneiro J, Visioli F. Polyphenol-based nutraceuticals for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease: Review of human evidence. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1145-1174. [PMID: 26776959 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to prescription drugs, nutraceuticals/functional foods/medical foods are being increasingly added as adjunct treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD), even though most of them have been exclusively studied in vitro. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We review the available evidence (focusing on when the amount of polyphenols' intake was measured) coming from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of (poly)phenol-based supplements. CONCLUSION We conclude that (poly)phenol-based nutraceuticals and functional foods might be indeed used as adjunct therapy of CVD, but additional long-term RCTs with adequate numerosity and with clinically relevant end points are needed to provide unequivocal evidence of their clinical usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) - Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Laboratory of Functional Foods, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) - Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy .
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25
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Grosso G, Stepaniak U, Micek A, Stefler D, Bobak M, Pająk A. Dietary polyphenols are inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in Polish adults of the HAPIEE study. Eur J Nutr 2016; 56:1409-1420. [PMID: 26913852 PMCID: PMC5486632 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between total and individual classes and subclasses of dietary polyphenol intake and prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Polish arm of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe cohort study. Methods A cross-sectional population-based survey including 8821 adults (51.4 % female) was conducted in Kraków, Poland. Dietary polyphenol intake was evaluated using food frequency questionnaires and matching food consumption data with the Phenol-Explorer database. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation definition. Linear and logistic regression models were performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs). Results Significant differences in age and energy intake among different categories of total dietary polyphenol intake were found. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, and triglycerides were significantly lower among individuals in the higher quartiles of polyphenol intake, but a linear association was found only for BMI and WC. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, individuals in the highest quartile of polyphenol intake were less likely to have MetS (OR 0.80; 95 % CI 0.64, 0.98 and OR 0.70; 95 % CI 0.56, 0.86 for both men and women, respectively). High total polyphenol intake was negatively associated with WC, blood pressure, high lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides in women, and fasting plasma glucose in both genders. Among individual classes of polyphenols, phenolic acids and stilbenes were significantly associated with MetS; lignans and stilbenes with WC; phenolic acids with blood pressure and triglycerides; and flavonoids with fasting plasma glucose. Among specific subclasses of polyphenols, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavanols, and dihydrochalcones had the most relevant role. Conclusions Total and individual classes and subclasses of dietary polyphenols were inversely associated with MetS and some of its components. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1187-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Via S. Sofia 85, 95123, Catania, Italy. .,Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Urszula Stepaniak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Micek
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Denes Stefler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrzej Pająk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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26
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Impact of Natural Juice Consumption on Plasma Antioxidant Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Molecules 2015; 20:22146-56. [PMID: 26690399 PMCID: PMC6331866 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress may lead to overproduction of reactive species and a decrease in antioxidant defenses, resulting in chronic diseases such as diabetes and cancer. The consumption of natural compounds with an antioxidant profile may be a preventive alternative. Therefore, we aimed to obtain evidence regarding the potential antioxidant activity of juices in human plasma. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed, which included randomized controlled trials that compared the use of fruit or vegetable juices vs. placebo or other beverages. An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and SciELO. The outcome measures extracted were related to antioxidant status, e.g., vitamin C, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels and reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity measured as TEAC. Results: Twenty-eight trials were identified (n = 1089), of which 16 were used for meta-analysis. No significant differences were observed between juices and placebo with regard to TEAC, SOD, and CAT. However, juices were superior to control in enhancing vitamin C and reducing MDA. Conclusions: Natural juices are possible candidates for the management of oxidative stress. The effects of juices should be further investigated by conducting larger and well-defined trials of longer duration.
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Mohseni M, Vafa M, Zarrati M, Shidfar F, Hajimiresmail SJ, Rahimi Forushani A. Beneficial Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Lipid Profile and Intereukin-6 and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Reduction, Preliminary Results of a Double-blind Trial in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Prev Med 2015; 6:73. [PMID: 26330989 PMCID: PMC4542328 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.162461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The present investigation was aimed to improve the inflammatory factors and lipoproteins concentration in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) by supplementation with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). Methods: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we measured serum concentrations of one soluble cell adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1 [ICAM-1]), serum concentration of intereukin-6 (IL-6) and lipid profiles (high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C], total cholesterol and triglyceride [TG]) in CoQ10 supplementation group (n = 26) compared with placebo group (n = 26) in hyperlipidemic patients with MI. Fifty-two patients were randomized to receive 200 mg/day of CoQ10 or placebo for 12 weeks. Results: There were no significant differences for serum LDL-C, total cholesterol, and TG between two mentioned groups after the intervention. A significant enhancement in serum HDL-C level was observed between groups after the intervention (55.46 ± 6.87 and 44.07 ± 6.99 mg/dl in CoQ10 and placebo groups, respectively P < 0.001). Concentrations of ICAM-1 (415.03 ± 96.89 and 453.38 ± 0.7 ng/dl CoQ10 and placebo groups, respectively, P = 0.001) and IL-6 (11 ± 9.57 and 12.55 ± 8.76 pg/ml CoQ10 and placebo groups, respectively P = 0.001) in serum were significantly decreased in CoQ10 group. Conclusions: Supplementation with CoQ10 in hyperlipidemic patients with MI that have statin therapy has beneficial effects on their aspects of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mohseni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Zarrati
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Javad Hajimiresmail
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division), School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi Forushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Apples and cardiovascular health--is the gut microbiota a core consideration? Nutrients 2015; 7:3959-98. [PMID: 26016654 PMCID: PMC4488768 DOI: 10.3390/nu7063959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now considerable scientific evidence that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables can improve human health and protect against chronic diseases. However, it is not clear whether different fruits and vegetables have distinct beneficial effects. Apples are among the most frequently consumed fruits and a rich source of polyphenols and fiber. A major proportion of the bioactive components in apples, including the high molecular weight polyphenols, escape absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract and reach the large intestine relatively intact. There, they can be converted by the colonic microbiota to bioavailable and biologically active compounds with systemic effects, in addition to modulating microbial composition. Epidemiological studies have identified associations between frequent apple consumption and reduced risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease. Human and animal intervention studies demonstrate beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, vascular function and inflammation but only a few studies have attempted to link these mechanistically with the gut microbiota. This review will focus on the reciprocal interaction between apple components and the gut microbiota, the potential link to cardiovascular health and the possible mechanisms of action.
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Labonté MÈ, Cyr A, Abdullah MM, Lépine MC, Vohl MC, Jones P, Couture P, Lamarche B. Dairy product consumption has no impact on biomarkers of inflammation among men and women with low-grade systemic inflammation. J Nutr 2014; 144:1760-7. [PMID: 25332474 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.200576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized controlled trials specifically designed to assess inflammation-related outcomes in response to dairy consumption are lacking. OBJECTIVE We investigated the impact of dairy food consumption on biomarkers of inflammation in healthy men and women with low-grade systemic inflammation. METHODS In a multicenter randomized crossover study, 112 adult men and women with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) values >1 mg/L consumed 3 servings/d of dairy (375 mL low-fat milk, 175 g low-fat yogurt, and 30 g regular-fat cheddar cheese) or energy-matched control (fruit juice, vegetable juice, cashews, and 1 cookie) products as part of prudent 4-wk diets, each separated by a 4- to 8-wk washout period. Serum concentrations of inflammation biomarkers were measured at the beginning and end of each dietary phase. Expression levels of key inflammatory genes and transcription factors in whole blood cells were assessed at the end of each diet by real-time polymerase chain reaction in a random subset of 53 subjects. RESULTS Analysis of within-diet changes (post- vs. prediet values) showed a significant reduction in hs-CRP concentrations after the control diet (-11.7%, P = 0.05) but no change after the dairy diet (-7.3%, P = 0.47). As a result, changes in hs-CRP differed between the dairy and control diets (P = 0.04). Both the control and dairy diets similarly reduced interleukin-6 concentrations compared with diet-specific baseline values (-17.6% and -19.9%, respectively; P < 0.0001 for both, P = 0.77 for between-diet comparison). No between- or within-diet difference was observed in adiponectin concentrations, and there was also no between-diet difference in the expression of inflammatory genes and transcription factors. CONCLUSION Consistent with data from previous work, these results suggest that short-term consumption of a combination of low- and high-fat dairy products as part of a healthy diet has no adverse effects on inflammation. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01444326.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Ève Labonté
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; and
| | - Audrey Cyr
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; and
| | - Mohammad M Abdullah
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Lépine
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; and
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; and
| | - Peter Jones
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; and
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada; and
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