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Zhang W, Zou M, Fu J, Xu Y, Zhu Y. Autophagy: A potential target for natural products in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116891. [PMID: 38865850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease primarily affecting the mucosa of the colon and rectum. UC is characterized by recurrent episodes, often necessitating lifelong medication use, imposing a significant burden on patients. Current conventional and advanced treatments for UC have the disadvantages of insufficient efficiency, susceptibility to drug resistance, and notable adverse effects. Therefore, developing effective and safe drugs has become an urgent need. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that plays an important role in intestinal homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant autophagy is involved in the development of UC, and modulating autophagy can effectively alleviate experimental colitis. A growing number of studies have established that autophagy can interplay with endoplasmic reticulum stress, gut microbiota, apoptosis, and the NLRP3 inflammasome, all of which contribute to the pathogenesis of UC. In addition, a variety of intestinal epithelial cells, including absorptive cells, goblet cells, and Paneth cells, as well as other cell types like neutrophils, antigen-presenting cells, and stem cells in the gut, mediate the development of UC through autophagy. To date, many studies have found that natural products hold the potential to exert therapeutic effects on UC by regulating autophagy. This review focuses on the possible effects and pharmacological mechanisms of natural products to alleviate UC with autophagy as a potential target in recent years, aiming to provide a basis for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Menglong Zou
- The First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, China
| | - Jia Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China
| | - Yin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China.
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, China.
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Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhao R, Nian Y, Hu B. Structure-property relationship of pea protein fibrils in stabilization of HIPEs and the encapsulation, protection, controlled release and oral delivery of carotenoids for alleviating intestinal inflammation. Food Funct 2024; 15:1390-1401. [PMID: 38214563 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04412b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Increasing attentions are paid to high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) due to their unique properties. In this study, pea protein-based fibrils were used as emulsifier to stabilize HIPEs. We demonstrated that the molecular assembly pathway and interfacial behavior of pea protein-based fibrils are affected by ionic strength. And the increased abundance of highly flexible worm-like nanofibrils facilitated their adsorption and packing on oil droplets, resulting in improved emulsion properties to stabilize the HIPEs with the internal phase volume fraction as high as 90%. Based on this, high loading content of carotenoids up to 0.05 wt% in the prepared HIPEs, protection of their stability against heating, UV and iron ions, and significantly increased bio-accessibilities of the carotenoids were realized. Animal studies using a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis revealed that carotenoid loaded HIPEs can alleviate the colon injury, by downregulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines, and promoting intestinal barrier function. This work will deepen the understanding of the formation of pea protein fibrils and provide a reference for the rational use of carotenoid loaded HIPEs in IBD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Ran Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Yingqun Nian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Bing Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, P. R. China.
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Pistol GC, Pertea AM, Taranu I. The Use of Fruit and Vegetable by-Products as Enhancers of Health Status of Piglets after Weaning: The Role of Bioactive Compounds from Apple and Carrot Industrial Wastes. Vet Sci 2023; 11:15. [PMID: 38250921 PMCID: PMC10820549 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
At weaning, piglets are exposed to a large variety of stressors, from environmental/behavioral factors to nutritional stress. Weaning transition affects the gastrointestinal tract especially, resulting in specific disturbances at the level of intestinal morphology, barrier function and integrity, mucosal immunity and gut microbiota. All these alterations are associated with intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress and perturbation of intracellular signaling pathways. The nutritional management of the weaning period aims to achieve the reinforcement of intestinal integrity and functioning to positively modulate the intestinal immunity and that of the gut microbiota and to enhance the health status of piglets. That is why the current research is focused on the raw materials rich in phytochemicals which could positively modulate animal health. The composition analysis of fruit, vegetable and their by-products showed that identified phytochemicals could act as bioactive compounds, which can be used as modulators of weaning-induced disturbances in piglets. This review describes nutritional studies which investigated the effects of bioactive compounds derived from fruit (apple) and vegetables (carrot) or their by-products on the intestinal architecture and function, inflammatory processes and oxidative stress at the intestinal level. Data on the associated signaling pathways and on the microbiota modulation by bioactive compounds from these by-products are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cecilia Pistol
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Research—Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Ilfov, Romania; (A.-M.P.); (I.T.)
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Silva Meneguelli T, Duarte Villas Mishima M, Hermsdorff HHM, Martino HSD, Bressan J, Tako E. Effect of carotenoids on gut health and inflammatory status: A systematic review of in vivo animal studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37450500 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2234025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, being a potential bioactive compound for gut health. The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of carotenoids on gut microbiota, gut barrier, and inflammation in healthy animals. The systematic search from PubMed, Scopus, and Lilacs databases were performed up to March 2023. The final screening included thirty studies, with different animal models (mice, rats, pigs, chicks, drosophila, fish, and shrimp), and different carotenoid sources (β-carotene, lycopene, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, lutein, and fucoxanthin). The results suggested that carotenoids seem to act on gut microbiota by promoting beneficial effects on intestinal bacteria related to both inflammation and SCFA production; increase tight junction proteins expression, important for reducing intestinal permeability; increase the mucins expression, important in protecting against pathogens and toxins; improve morphological parameters important for digestion and absorption of nutrients; and reduce pro-inflammatory and increase anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, different carotenoids had distinct effects on gut health. In addition, there was heterogeneity between studies regarding animal model, duration of intervention, and doses used. This is the first systematic review to address the effects of carotenoids on gut health. Further studies are needed to better understand the effects of carotenoids on gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Josefina Bressan
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Eilam Y, Khattib H, Pintel N, Avni D. Microalgae-Sustainable Source for Alternative Proteins and Functional Ingredients Promoting Gut and Liver Health. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200177. [PMID: 37205927 PMCID: PMC10190620 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Dietary proteins derived from animal sources, although containing well-balanced profiles of essential amino acids, have considerable environmental and adverse health effects associated with the intake of some animal protein-based products. Consuming foods based on animal proteins carries a higher risk of developing non-communicable diseases such as cancer, heart disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Moreover, dietary protein consumption is increasing due to population growth, posing a supply challenge. There is, therefore, growing interest in discovering novel alternative protein sources. In this context, microalgae have been recognized as strategic crops that can provide a sustainable source of protein. Compared to conventional high-protein crops, using microalgal biomass for protein production presents several advantages in food and feed in terms of productivity, sustainability, and nutritional value. Moreover, microalgae positively impact the environment by not exploiting land or causing water pollution. Many studies have revealed the potential of microalgae as an alternative protein source with the added value of positive effects on human health due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties. The main emphasis of this review is on the potential health-promoting applications of microalgae-based proteins, peptides, and bioactive substances for IBD and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahav Eilam
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
- Department of BiotechnologyTel Hai CollegeUpper GalileeNorth1220800Israel
| | - Hamdan Khattib
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
| | - Noam Pintel
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
| | - Dorit Avni
- Sphingolipids, Active Metabolites, and Immune Modulation LaboratoryMIGAL – Galilee Research InstituteTarshish 2Kiryat ShemonaNorth1101600Israel
- Department of BiotechnologyTel Hai CollegeUpper GalileeNorth1220800Israel
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Eroglu A, Al'Abri IS, Kopec RE, Crook N, Bohn T. Carotenoids and Their Health Benefits as Derived via Their Interactions with Gut Microbiota. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:238-255. [PMID: 36775788 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have been related to a number of health benefits. Their dietary intake and circulating levels have been associated with a reduced incidence of obesity, diabetes, certain types of cancer, and even lower total mortality. Their potential interaction with the gut microbiota (GM) has been generally overlooked but may be of relevance, as carotenoids largely bypass absorption in the small intestine and are passed on to the colon, where they appear to be in part degraded into unknown metabolites. These may include apo-carotenoids that may have biological effects because of higher aqueous solubility and higher electrophilicity that could better target transcription factors, i.e., NF-κB, PPARγ, and RAR/RXRs. If absorbed in the colon, they could have both local and systemic effects. Certain microbes that may be supplemented were also reported to produce carotenoids in the colon. Although some bactericidal aspects of carotenoids have been shown in vitro, a few studies have also demonstrated a prebiotic-like effect, resulting in bacterial shifts with health-associated properties. Also, stimulation of IgA could play a role in this respect. Carotenoids may further contribute to mucosal and gut barrier health, such as stabilizing tight junctions. This review highlights potential gut-related health-beneficial effects of carotenoids and emphasizes the current research gaps regarding carotenoid-GM interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkerim Eroglu
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina Research Campus, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA.
| | - Ibrahim S Al'Abri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Rachel E Kopec
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Foods for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nathan Crook
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, rue 1 A-B, Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg.
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Zhou Y, Wang D, Yan W. Treatment Effects of Natural Products on Inflammatory Bowel Disease In Vivo and Their Mechanisms: Based on Animal Experiments. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041031. [PMID: 36839389 PMCID: PMC9967064 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, non-specific inflammatory disease of the intestine that can be classified as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Currently, the incidence of IBD is still increasing in developing countries. However, current treatments for IBD have limitations and do not fully meet the needs of patients. There is a growing demand for new, safe, and highly effective alternative drugs for IBD patients. Natural products (NPs) are used in drug development and disease treatment because of their broad biological activity, low toxicity, and low side effects. Numerous studies have shown that some NPs have strong therapeutic effects on IBD. In this paper, we first reviewed the pathogenesis of IBD as well as current therapeutic approaches and drugs. Further, we summarized the therapeutic effects of 170 different sources of NPs on IBD and generalized their modes of action and therapeutic effects. Finally, we analyzed the potential mechanisms of NPs for the treatment of IBD. The aim of our review is to provide a systematic and credible summary, thus supporting the research on NPs for the treatment of IBD and providing a theoretical basis for the development and application of NPs in drugs and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxi Zhou
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Diandian Wang
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100023, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6238-8926
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A Scoping Review on the Effects of Carotenoids and Flavonoids on Skin Damage Due to Ultraviolet Radiation. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010092. [PMID: 36615749 PMCID: PMC9824837 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays in the sun causes premature ageing and may predispose to skin cancers. UV radiation generates excessive free radical species, resulting in oxidative stress, which is responsible for cellular and DNA damage. There is growing evidence that phytonutrients such as flavonoids and carotenoids may impede oxidative stress and prevent photodamage. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to explore the effects of certain phytonutrients in preventing skin photodamage. We searched the electronic Medline (Ovid) and Pubmed databases for relevant studies published between 2002 and 2022. The main inclusion criteria were articles written in English, and studies reporting the effects of phytonutrient-containing plants of interest on the skin or skin cells exposed to UV radiation. We focused on tea, blueberries, lemon, carrot, tomato, and grapes, which are rich in flavonoids and/or carotenoids. Out of 434 articles retrieved, 40 were identified as potentially relevant. Based on our inclusion criteria, nine articles were included in the review. The review comprises three combined in vitro and animal studies, four human studies, one in vitro research, and one mixed in vitro and human study. All the studies reported positive effects of flavonoids and carotenoid-containing plant extract on UV-induced skin damage. This evidence-based review highlights the potential use of flavonoids and carotenoids found in plants in preventing the deleterious effects of UV radiation on the skin. These compounds may have a role in clinical and aesthetic applications for the prevention and treatment of sunburn and photoaging, and may potentially be used against UV-related skin cancers.
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Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A, El-Kholy SS, Dahran N, El Bohy KM, Moustafa GG, Saber TM, Metwally MMM, Gaber RA, Alqahtani LS, Mostafa-Hedeab G, El-Shetry ES. Scrutinizing pathways of Nicotine effect on renal Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor and Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) expression in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing Mice: role of Chlorella vulgaris. Gene 2022; 837:146697. [PMID: 35764235 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is one of several physiologically stable and active chemicals found in tobacco. The mechanism through which nicotine causes kidney damage is still obscure. As a result, the goal of this research was to investigate how oral nicotine intake can lead to kidney damage. Naturaly occurring superfood green algae are immense supplements help us using extra chemicals during cancer prevalence if the patient is exposed to nicotine. Hence, the mitigating role of Chlorella vulgaris extract (CVE) against nicotine-nephrotoxic impact in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice was studied. For this purpose, four groups of Swiss female mice were assigned, nicotine group (NIC) (100 µg/ml/kg), CVE group (100 mg/kg), CVE+Nicotine, and a control group. Renal dysfunction was evaluated by estimating serum biomarkers ofrenal damage. The expression pattern of Nf-KB, MAPK, P53, and α7-nAchR, lipid peroxidation biomarker, and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated in kidney tissue. Also, micro-morphometric examination and apoptosis immunohistochemical reactivity of kidney tissue were applied. The obtained results indicated up-regulation of all estimated genes and oxidative stress. Moreover, a significant (P<0.05) increment in the apoptotic marker Caspase-3 and declined BCL-2 proteins were recorded. In serum, a significant (P<0.05) elevation of urea, creatinine, TNF-α, IL-1β, and Kim-1 were evident. Histological investigation reinforced the aforementioned data, revealing structural changes involving the tubules, glomeruli, and interstitium of mice kidneys. CVE may be a strong contender for protecting renal tissue damage since it reduces renal tissue injury and oxidative stress. Cancer patients who regularly use nicotine through direct smoking or second-hand exposure can benefit from CVE usage as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Sanad S El-Kholy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Naief Dahran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khlood M El Bohy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Gihan G Moustafa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Taghred M Saber
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Gaber
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Leena S Alqahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 80203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology department & Health Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman S El-Shetry
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Insight into the Progress on Natural Dyes: Sources, Structural Features, Health Effects, Challenges, and Potential. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103291. [PMID: 35630767 PMCID: PMC9144664 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dyes play an important role in food, medicine, textile, and other industries, which make human life more colorful. With the increasing demand for food safety, the development of natural dyes becomes more and more attractive. (2) Methods: The literature was searched using the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, and SciFinder and this scoping review was carried out following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). (3) Results: 248 articles were included in this review. This review summarizes the research progress on natural dyes in the last ten years. According to structural features, natural dyes mainly include carotenoids, polyphenols, porphyrins, and alkaloids, and some of the newest dyes are summarized. Some pharmacological activities of carotenoids, anthocyanin, curcumin, and betalains in the last 10 years are summarized, and the biological effects of dyes regarding illumination conditions. The disadvantages of natural dyes, including sources, cost, stability, and poor bioavailability, limit their application. Here, some feasible strategies (potential resources, biotechnology, new extraction and separation strategies, strategies for improving stability) are described, which will contribute to the development and utilization of natural dyes. (4) Conclusion: Natural dyes show health benefits and potential in food additives. However, it is necessary for natural dyes to pass toxicity tests and quality tests and receive many regulatory approvals before their final entry into the market as food colorants or as drugs.
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β-carotene improves fecal dysbiosis and intestinal dysfunctions in a mouse model of vitamin A deficiency. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159122. [PMID: 35158041 PMCID: PMC9940628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) results in intestinal inflammation, increased redox stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, imbalanced inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines, compromised barrier function, and perturbations of the gut microbiome. To combat VAD dietary interventions with β-carotene, the most abundant precursor of vitamin A, are recommended. However, the impact of β-carotene on intestinal health during VAD has not been fully clarified, especially regarding the VAD-associated intestinal dysbiosis. Here we addressed this question by using Lrat-/-Rbp-/- (vitamin A deficient) mice deprived of dietary preformed vitamin A and supplemented with β-carotene as the sole source of the vitamin, alongside with WT (vitamin A sufficient) mice. We found that dietary β-carotene impacted intestinal vitamin A status, barrier integrity and inflammation in both WT and Lrat-/-Rbp-/- (vitamin A deficient) mice on the vitamin A-free diet. However, it did so to a greater extent under overt VAD. Dietary β-carotene also modified the taxonomic profile of the fecal microbiome, but only under VAD. Given the similarity of the VAD-associated intestinal phenotypes with those of several other disorders of the gut, collectively known as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Syndrome, these findings are broadly relevant to the effort of developing diet-based intervention strategies to ameliorate intestinal pathological conditions.
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Chronic Intestinal Disorders in Humans and Pets: Current Management and the Potential of Nutraceutical Antioxidants as Alternatives. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070812. [PMID: 35405802 PMCID: PMC8996831 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic disorders of the intestinal tract (CID) are characterized by signs of inflammation of the intestine for a period of at least three weeks. Both humans and pets can be affected by these disorders. Different therapeutic approaches can be selected to treat patients and the use of natural products has been increased in the last decade, since oxidative stress plays a key role in the progression of the chronic intestinal disorders. In this review, the antioxidant proprieties of several natural products with potential for treatment of CID in human and veterinary medicine are highlighted. Unfortunately, few clinical trials report the use of these products for treating CID in humans and none in animals. Abstract Chronic intestinal disorders (CID) are characterized by persistent, or recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) signs present for at least three weeks. In human medicine, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic GI diseases and includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). On the other hand, the general term chronic enteropathies (CE) is preferred in veterinary medicine. Different therapeutic approaches to these diseases are used in both humans and pets. This review is focused on the use of traditional therapies and nutraceuticals with specific antioxidant properties, for the treatment of CID in humans and animal patients. There is strong evidence of the antioxidant properties of the nutraceuticals included in this review, but few studies report their use for treating CID in humans and none in animals. Despite this fact, the majority of the nutraceuticals described in the present article could be considered as promising alternatives for the regular treatment of CID in human and veterinary medicine.
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Mishra S, Singh VJ, Chawla PA, Chawla V. Neuroprotective Role of Nutritional Supplementation in Athletes. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:129-142. [PMID: 34886789 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666211209144721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative disorders belong to different classes of progressive/chronic conditions that affect the peripheral/central nervous system. It has been shown through studies that athletes who play sports involving repeated head trauma and sub-concussive impacts are more likely to experience neurological impairments and neurodegenerative disorders in the long run. AIMS The aim of the current narrative review article is to provide a summary of various nutraceuticals that offer promise in the prevention or management of sports-related injuries, especially concussions and mild traumatic brain injuries. METHODS This article reviews the various potential nutraceutical agents and their possible mechanisms in providing a beneficial effect in the injury recovery process. A thorough survey of the literature was carried out in the relevant databases to identify studies published in recent years. In the present article, we have also highlighted the major neurological disorders along with the associated nutraceutical(s) therapy in the management of disorders. RESULTS The exact pathological mechanism behind neurodegenerative conditions is complex as well as idiopathic. However, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress as well as intracellular calcium overload are some common reasons responsible for the progression of these neurodegenerative disorders. Owing to the multifaceted effects of nutraceuticals (complementary medicine), these supplements have gained importance as neuroprotective. These diet-based approaches inhibit different pathways in a physiological manner without eliciting adverse effects. Food habits and lifestyle of an individual also affect neurodegeneration. CONCLUSION Studies have shown nutraceuticals (such as resveratrol, omega-3-fatty acids) to be efficacious in terms of their neuroprotection against several neurodegenerative disorders and to be used as supplements in the management of traumatic brain injuries. Protection prior to injuries is needed since concussions or sub-concussive impacts may trigger several pathophysiological responses or cascades that can lead to long-term complications associated with CNS. Thus, the use of nutraceuticals as prophylactic treatment for neurological interventions has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, SRM College of Pharmacy, Delhi-NCR. India
| | - Vikram Jeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab. India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga-142001, Punjab. India
| | - Viney Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot-151203, Punjab. India
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14
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Cheng J, Balbuena E, Miller B, Eroglu A. The Role of β-Carotene in Colonic Inflammation and Intestinal Barrier Integrity. Front Nutr 2021; 8:723480. [PMID: 34646849 PMCID: PMC8502815 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.723480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carotenoids are naturally occurring pigments accounting for the brilliant colors of fruits and vegetables. They may display antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in humans besides being precursors to vitamin A. There is a gap of knowledge in examining their role within colonic epithelial cells. We proposed to address this research gap by examining the effects of a major dietary carotenoid, β-carotene, in the in vitro epithelial cell model. Methods: We examined the function of β-carotene in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. We conducted western blotting assays to evaluate expressions of TLR4 and its co-receptor, CD14. We also examined NF-κB p65 subunit protein levels in the model system. Furthermore, we studied the impact of β-carotene on the tight junction proteins, claudin-1, and occludin. We further carried out immunocytochemistry experiments to detect and visualize claudin-1 expression. Results: β-Carotene reduced LPS-induced intestinal inflammation in colonic epithelial cells. β-Carotene also promoted the levels of tight junction proteins, which might lead to enhanced barrier function. Conclusions: β-Carotene could play a role in modulating the LPS-induced TLR4 signaling pathway and in enhancing tight junction proteins. The findings will shed light on the role of β-carotene in colonic inflammation and also potentially in metabolic disorders since higher levels of LPS might induce features of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Cheng
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Emilio Balbuena
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Baxter Miller
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Abdulkerim Eroglu
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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15
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Ávila-Román J, García-Gil S, Rodríguez-Luna A, Motilva V, Talero E. Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Effects of Microalgal Carotenoids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:531. [PMID: 34677429 PMCID: PMC8539290 DOI: 10.3390/md19100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a key component of the immune system's response to pathogens, toxic agents, or tissue injury, involving the stimulation of defense mechanisms aimed to removing pathogenic factors and restoring tissue homeostasis. However, uncontrolled acute inflammatory response may lead to chronic inflammation, which is involved in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Nowadays, the need to find new potential therapeutic compounds has raised the worldwide scientific interest to study the marine environment. Specifically, microalgae are considered rich sources of bioactive molecules, such as carotenoids, which are natural isoprenoid pigments with important beneficial effects for health due to their biological activities. Carotenoids are essential nutrients for mammals, but they are unable to synthesize them; instead, a dietary intake of these compounds is required. Carotenoids are classified as carotenes (hydrocarbon carotenoids), such as α- and β-carotene, and xanthophylls (oxygenate derivatives) including zeaxanthin, astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, lutein, α- and β-cryptoxanthin, and canthaxanthin. This review summarizes the present up-to-date knowledge of the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of microalgal carotenoids both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the latest status of human studies for their potential use in prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ávila-Román
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sara García-Gil
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
| | - Elena Talero
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain; (S.G.-G.); (A.R.-L.); (V.M.)
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Russell LA, Balart MT, Serrano P, Armstrong D, Pinto-Sanchez MI. The complexities of approaching nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease: current recommendations and future directions. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:215-229. [PMID: 34131736 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis predispose patients to malnutrition due to a combination of increased basal metabolic rate, decreased oral intake, and increased nutritional losses and malabsorption. Malnutrition is common, affecting up to 75% of patients with Crohn's disease and 62% of patients with ulcerative colitis, and is associated with worse disease prognosis, higher complication rates, decreased quality of life, and increased mortality risk. It is imperative to screen patients with IBD for malnutrition to assess those at increased risk and treat accordingly to prevent progression and complications. This literature review provides an overall approach to optimizing nutrition in IBD, focusing on the assessment for the diagnosis of malnutrition, management of macro- and micronutrient deficiencies, and identification of areas for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Russell
- L.A. Russell, M.T. Balart, D. Armstrong, and M.I. Pinto-Sanchez are with Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; L.A. Russell, M.T. Balart, P. Serrano, D. Armstrong, and M.I. Pinto-Sanchez are with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Teresa Balart
- L.A. Russell, M.T. Balart, D. Armstrong, and M.I. Pinto-Sanchez are with Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; L.A. Russell, M.T. Balart, P. Serrano, D. Armstrong, and M.I. Pinto-Sanchez are with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pablo Serrano
- L.A. Russell, M.T. Balart, D. Armstrong, and M.I. Pinto-Sanchez are with Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; L.A. Russell, M.T. Balart, P. Serrano, D. Armstrong, and M.I. Pinto-Sanchez are with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Armstrong
- L.A. Russell, M.T. Balart, D. Armstrong, and M.I. Pinto-Sanchez are with Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; L.A. Russell, M.T. Balart, P. Serrano, D. Armstrong, and M.I. Pinto-Sanchez are with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Ines Pinto-Sanchez
- L.A. Russell, M.T. Balart, D. Armstrong, and M.I. Pinto-Sanchez are with Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; L.A. Russell, M.T. Balart, P. Serrano, D. Armstrong, and M.I. Pinto-Sanchez are with McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Ghosh S, Kumar V, Mukherjee H, Lahiri D, Roy P. Nutraceutical regulation of miRNAs involved in neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancers. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07262. [PMID: 34195404 PMCID: PMC8225984 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain is a well-connected, intricate network of neurons and supporting glial cells. Neurodegenerative diseases arise as a consequence of extensive loss of neuronal cells leading to disruption of their natural structure and function. On the contrary, rapid proliferation and growth of glial as well as neuronal cells account for the occurrence of malignancy in brain. In both cases, the molecular microenvironment holds pivotal importance in the progression of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are one of the major components of the molecular microenvironment. miRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that control gene expression post-transcriptionally. As compared to other tissues, the brain expresses a substantially high number of miRNAs. In the early stage of neurodegeneration, miRNA expression upregulates, while in oncogenesis, miRNA expression is gradually lost. Neurodegeneration and brain cancer is presumed to be under the influence of identical pathways of cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death which are tightly regulated by miRNAs. It has been confirmed experimentally that miRNA expression can be regulated by nutraceuticals - macronutrients, micronutrients or natural products derived from food; thereby making dietary supplements immensely significant for targeting miRNAs having altered expression patterns during neurodegeneration or oncogenesis. In this review, we will discuss in detail, about the common miRNAs involved in brain cancers and neurodegenerative diseases along with the comprehensive list of miRNAs involved separately in both pathological conditions. We will also discuss the role of nutraceuticals in the regulation of those miRNAs which are involved in both of these pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Viney Kumar
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Haimanti Mukherjee
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Debrupa Lahiri
- Biomaterials and Multiscale Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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18
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Stevens Y, Pinheiro I, Salden B, Duysburgh C, Bolca S, Degroote J, Majdeddin M, Van Noten N, Gleize B, Caris-Veyrat C, Michiels J, Jonkers D, Troost F, Possemiers S, Masclee A. Effect of a carotenoid-producing Bacillus strain on intestinal barrier integrity and systemic delivery of carotenoids: A randomised trial in animals and humans. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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19
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Zhu L, Song Y, Liu H, Wu M, Gong H, Lan H, Zheng X. Gut microbiota regulation and anti-inflammatory effect of β-carotene in dextran sulfate sodium-stimulated ulcerative colitis in rats. J Food Sci 2021; 86:2118-2130. [PMID: 33884622 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
β-Carotene displays antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and prevents the development of cancer. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a kind of inflammatory bowel disease that is accompanied by a certain risk of colon cancer. However, the role of β-carotene in the modulation of gut microbiota and UC improvement is unclear. In this research, the properties of β-carotene on anti-inflammatory and the composition of gut microbiota were evaluated in a rat model of UC induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). The results revealed that β-carotene significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the severity of colitis in rats, as assessed using body weight (6.00 ± 1.73%), colon length (22.23 ± 0.53%), and disease activity index, and improved the structure of the colon damaged. Moreover, colonic levels of proinflammatory cytokines were significantly lower following β-carotene supplementation. β-Carotene intervention also lowered the expression levels of phosphorylated p65 (0.60 ± 0.02), p38 (0.57 ± 0.00), Erk (0.63 ± 0.04), and JNK (0.70 ± 0.00). The result of the relative abundance of gut microbiota showed that DSS administration significantly changed the microbial structure at the phylum and genus levels of rats. Furthermore, β-carotene treatment significantly increased the abundance of Faecalibacterium, the levels of which negatively correlated with the levels of inflammatory cytokines. Faecalibacterium may be a potential target in the alleviation of DSS-induced UC. β-Carotene can alleviate DSS-induced UC through the regulation of gut microbiota. This study provides a reference for the rational use of β-carotene in the treatment of UC. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: β-Carotene can relieve ulcerative colitis and regulate the gut microbiota; the nutritional intervention of β-carotene enhancing animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Huilin Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Liaoning, China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Haizhou Gong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hainan Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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20
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Araruna ME, Serafim C, Alves Júnior E, Hiruma-Lima C, Diniz M, Batista L. Intestinal Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Terpenes in Experimental Models (2010-2020): A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225430. [PMID: 33233487 PMCID: PMC7699610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) refer to a group of disorders characterized by inflammation in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, which mainly comprises Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). IBDs are characterized by inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, are highly debilitating, and are without a definitive cure. Their pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated; however, it is assumed that genetic, immunological, and environmental factors are involved. People affected by IBDs have relapses, and therapeutic regimens are not always able to keep symptoms in remission over the long term. Natural products emerge as an alternative for the development of new drugs; bioactive compounds are promising in the treatment of several disorders, among them those that affect the gastrointestinal tract, due to their wide structural diversity and biological activities. This review compiles 12 terpenes with intestinal anti-inflammatory activity evaluated in animal models and in vitro studies. The therapeutic approach to IBDs using terpenes acts basically to prevent oxidative stress, combat dysbiosis, restore intestinal permeability, and improve the inflammation process in different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elaine Araruna
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetic, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (M.E.A.); (C.S.); (E.A.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Catarina Serafim
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetic, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (M.E.A.); (C.S.); (E.A.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Edvaldo Alves Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetic, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (M.E.A.); (C.S.); (E.A.J.); (M.D.)
| | - Clelia Hiruma-Lima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology (Physiology), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-970, SP, Brazil;
| | - Margareth Diniz
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetic, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (M.E.A.); (C.S.); (E.A.J.); (M.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - Leônia Batista
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetic, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (M.E.A.); (C.S.); (E.A.J.); (M.D.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-83-32167003; Fax: +55-83-32167502
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21
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Keirns BH, Lucas EA, Smith BJ. Phytochemicals affect T helper 17 and T regulatory cells and gut integrity: implications on the gut-bone axis. Nutr Res 2020; 83:30-48. [PMID: 33010588 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The pathology of osteoporosis is multifactorial, but a growing body of evidence supports an important role of the gut-bone axis, especially in bone loss associated with menopause, rheumatoid arthritis, and periodontal disease. Aberrant T cell responses favoring an increase in the ratio of T helper 17 cells to T regulatory cells play a critical role in the underlying etiology of this bone loss. Many of the dietary phytochemicals known to have osteoprotective activity such as flavonoids, organosulfur compounds, phenolic acids, as well as the oligosaccharides also improve gut barrier function and affect T cell differentiation and activation within gut-associated lymphoid tissues and at distal sites. Here, we examine the potential of these phytochemicals to act as prebiotics and immunomodulating agents, in part targeting the gut to mediate their effects on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant H Keirns
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
| | - Edralin A Lucas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078.
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22
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Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the myocardium of the adult albino rats and the protective role of β-carotene (histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study). J Mol Histol 2020; 51:485-501. [PMID: 32671652 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are the most produced nanomaterials. TiO2 NPs are used as a drug carrier and molecular imaging vehicle in the cardiovascular system. We aimed to study TiO2 NPs effects on the ventricular myocardium and evaluate the ameliorative effects of β-carotene (βC). Forty adult albino rats were divided into four groups: negative control group (Ι) received a distilled water. Treated group (II): received 20 mg/kg/day TiO2NPs intraperitoneally. Protected group (III): received 10 mg/kg/day βC orally together with TiO2 NPs in a dose of 20 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally. Positive control group (IV) was given βC orally in a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Sections were stained with hematoxylin & eosin, bromphenol blue (BPB), and periodic acid Schiff (PAS). Anti-desmin & anti-CD45 immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopic examination were performed. Group (II) revealed fragmented myofibrils and inflammatory infiltrations. In group (III), normal cardiomyocytes with less inflammatory infiltrations. The optical density of PAS and BPB staining and anti-desmin showed a very highly significant decrease in the group (II) versus the control groups (P < 0.001). A highly significant increase in the optical density of group (III) versus group (II) (P < 0.01). Also, the area percentage mean values of collagen fibers and anti-CD45 in the group (II) showed a very highly significant increase versus the control groups (P < 0.001). Group (III) revealed a very highly significant decrease in the area percentage versus group (II) (P < 0.001). In conclusion: TiO2 NPs adversely affected the histological structure of the adult rat ventricular myocardium in acute exposure (14 days) and the damage was less with βC.
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23
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Erkelens MN, Goverse G, Konijn T, Molenaar R, Beijer MR, Van den Bossche J, de Goede KE, Verberk SGS, de Jonge WJ, den Haan JMM, Mebius RE. Intestinal Macrophages Balance Inflammatory Expression Profiles via Vitamin A and Dectin-1-Mediated Signaling. Front Immunol 2020; 11:551. [PMID: 32296441 PMCID: PMC7138104 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue resident intestinal macrophages are known to exhibit an anti-inflammatory phenotype and produce little pro-inflammatory cytokines upon TLR ligation, allowing symbiotic co-existence with the intestinal microbiota. However, upon acute events such as epithelial damage and concomitant influx of microbes, these macrophages must be able to quickly mount a pro-inflammatory response while more inflammatory macrophages are recruited from the blood stream simultaneously. Here, we show that dietary intake of vitamin A is required for the maintenance of the anti-inflammatory state of tissue resident intestinal macrophages. Interestingly, these anti-inflammatory macrophages were characterized by high levels of Dectin-1 expression. We show that Dectin-1 expression is enhanced by the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid and our data suggests that Dectin-1 triggering might provide a switch to induce a rapid production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, Dectin-1 stimulation resulted in an altered metabolic profile which is linked to a pro-inflammatory response. Together, our data suggests that presence of vitamin A in the small intestine enhances an anti-inflammatory phenotype as well as Dectin-1 expression by macrophages and that this anti-inflammatory phenotype can rapidly convert toward a pro-inflammatory state upon Dectin-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martje N Erkelens
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gera Goverse
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanja Konijn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rosalie Molenaar
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marieke R Beijer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kyra E de Goede
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanne G S Verberk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Gastro Intestinal and Liver Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joke M M den Haan
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Valero MS, González M, Ramón-Gimenez M, Andrade PB, Moreo E, Les F, Fernandes F, Gómez-Rincón C, Berzosa C, García de Jalón JA, Arruebo MP, Plaza MÁ, Köhler R, López V, Valentão P, Castro M. Jasonia glutinosa (L.) DC., a traditional herbal medicine, reduces inflammation, oxidative stress and protects the intestinal barrier in a murine model of colitis. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:1717-1734. [PMID: 31410747 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Jasonia glutinosa (L.) DC., known as rock tea (RT), is traditionally used in Spain as a digestive due to its beneficial properties in bowel disorders. The pharmacological nature of these properties has not been established yet. The aim of this work was to evaluate the therapeutic utility of RT in experimental colitis and to identify chemical constituents with anti-inflammatory and/or anti-oxidative properties. RT extract was prepared with ethanol in a Soxhlet apparatus and analysed by HPLC-DAD. Superoxide radical scavenging properties, xanthine oxidase and lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitory activity, and capability to lower nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels were measured in cell-free and cell-based assays. In the 2.5%-dextran-sodium sulphate (DSS) injury-repair model of ulcerative colitis (UC), mice were daily treated with sulfasalazine (SSZ, as reference drug, 100 mg/kg bw), RT (5, 25 and 50 mg/kg bw, p.o.), or vehicle over 20 days. Colitis was scored daily. Colon samples were examined macroscopically and histopathologically. Protein levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukins 6, and 10 (IL-6, IL-10), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were studied as markers of oxidative stress and inflammatory activity. The integrity of the apical epithelial layer was assessed by immunofluorescence staining of zonula ocludens-1 (ZO-1). Finally, intestinal contractility was also evaluated by isometric myography. Fifteen phenolic compounds and three pigments were identified and quantified, of which caffeoylquinic acids, and the flavonoid, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, were the most abundant. RT extract significantly scavenged superoxide radicals, inhibited 5-LOX activity, and lowered NO and TNF-α levels. DSS-treated mice receiving RT scored clinically lower than controls during the first 3 days of DSS treatment and during the recovery period. SSZ was less effective than RT. Anatomical and histological examination of colon samples revealed that RT significantly prevented colon shortening, increased colon thickness, and lowered the macroscopic damage score. RT also significantly prevented the increase of MPO activity, IL-6 levels, iNOS and COX-2 expression, the loss of ZO-1 apical expression, and normalized contractility disturbances. In conclusion, daily administration of RT showed therapeutic properties in the DSS-model of UC. The benefits of RT can likely be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant phenolic and flavonoid constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sofía Valero
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Saragossa, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Saragossa, Spain.
| | - Mateo González
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mariano Ramón-Gimenez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Moreo
- Grupo de genética de micobacterias. Dpto. Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Francisco Les
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fátima Fernandes
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlota Gómez-Rincón
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - César Berzosa
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Mª Pilar Arruebo
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Saragossa, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Plaza
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Saragossa, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Saragossa, Spain
| | - Ralf Köhler
- Aragon Agency for Research and Development (ARAID), Saragossa, Spain
| | - Víctor López
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Saragossa, Spain.
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Patricia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira no. 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Castro
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Universidad de Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Saragossa, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, Saragossa, Spain
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Kilby K, Mathias H, Boisvenue L, Heisler C, Jones JL. Micronutrient Absorption and Related Outcomes in People with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1388. [PMID: 31226828 PMCID: PMC6627381 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder associated with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. While it is poorly understood, the role of nutrition and nutrient status in the etiology of IBD and its associated outcomes has led to increased research relating to micronutrient deficiency. This review offers an overview of recent literature related to micronutrient absorption and outcomes in adults with IBD. Although the absorption and IBD-related outcomes of some micronutrients (e.g., vitamin D and iron) are well understood, other micronutrients (e.g., vitamin A) require further research. Increased research and clinician knowledge of the relationship between micronutrients and IBD may manifest in improved nutrient screening, monitoring, treatment, and outcomes for people living with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Kilby
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 1459 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3J 4R2, Canada.
| | - Holly Mathias
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dalhousie University, 6230 South Street, Halifax, NS B3H 1T8, Canada.
| | - Lindsay Boisvenue
- Seaway Valley Community Health Care, 353 Pitt Street, Cornwall, ON K6J 3R1, Canada.
| | - Courtney Heisler
- Nova Scotia Collaborative Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, Division of Digestive Care and Endoscopy, QEII Health Science Centre, Room 932, Victoria Building, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada.
| | - Jennifer L Jones
- Nova Scotia Collaborative Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, Division of Digestive Care and Endoscopy, QEII Health Science Centre, Room 932, Victoria Building, 1276 South Park Street, Halifax, NS B3H 2Y9, Canada.
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Effect of a Milk-Based Fruit Beverage Enriched with Plant Sterols and/or Galactooligosaccharides in a Murine Chronic Colitis Model. Foods 2019; 8:foods8040114. [PMID: 30987294 PMCID: PMC6517912 DOI: 10.3390/foods8040114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential anti-inflammatory effect of plant sterols (PS) enriched milk-based fruit beverages (PS, 1 g/100 mL) (MfB) with/without galactooligosaccharides (GOS, 2 g/100 mL) (MfB-G) in an experimental mice model of chronic ulcerative colitis was evaluated. Beverages were orally administered to mice every day by gavage to achieve PS and GOS doses of 35 and 90 mg/kg, respectively, and experimental colitis was induced by giving mice drinking water ad libitum containing 2% (w/v) dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) for 7 days, alternating with periods without DSS up to the end of the study (56 days). MfB beverage showed significant reduction of symptoms associated to ulcerative colitis and improved the colon shortening and mucosal colonic damage, but it was not able to reduce the increase of myeloperoxidase levels produced by DSS. MfB-G showed higher incidence of bloody feces and loss of stool consistency than MfB, as well as high levels of immune cells infiltration in colon tissue and myeloperoxidase. Therefore, PS-enriched milk-based fruit beverage could be an interesting healthy food to extend the remission periods of the diseases and the need to evaluate, in a pre-clinical model, the anti-inflammatory effect of the combination of bioactive compounds in the context of a whole food matrix.
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Meurer MC, Mees M, Mariano LNB, Boeing T, Somensi LB, Mariott M, da Silva RDCMVDAF, Dos Santos AC, Longo B, Santos França TC, Klein-Júnior LC, de Souza P, de Andrade SF, da Silva LM. Hydroalcoholic extract of Tagetes erecta L. flowers, rich in the carotenoid lutein, attenuates inflammatory cytokine secretion and improves the oxidative stress in an animal model of ulcerative colitis. Nutr Res 2019; 66:95-106. [PMID: 30979660 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Given the role of oxidative stress in ulcerative colitis (UC) etiology, and the amount of lutein (a carotenoid with antioxidant properties) in the dry hydroalcoholic extract of Tagetes erecta flowers (DHETE), this study investigated the intestinal anti-inflammatory properties of DHETE in an animal model of UC. The amount of lutein in the extract was determined by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and total phenols, radical scavenger capability, cytotoxicity, and effects on reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production were evaluated in vitro. Experimental UC was established by adding 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to drinking water, with the effects of DHETE (30-300 mg/kg, once a day for 7 days) on the morphological (colon length and weight), clinical (disease activity index and body weight loss), microscopic (histological score and mucin levels), and biochemical parameters analyzed. The lutein concentration found in DHETE was 8.2%, and DHETE scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals at 1000 μg/mL The exposure of intestinal epithelial cells to DHETE did not change its viability but reduced reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production after lipopolysaccharide stimulation. In vivo, DHETE (300 mg/kg) attenuated weight loss, disease activity index, colon shortening, and histopathological changes promoted by DSS intake. Moreover, DHETE increased mucin colonic staining. The treatment with DHETE decreased myeloperoxidase activity as well as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 levels. The extract also increased reduced glutathione levels and catalase activity and normalized superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase activities. In conclusion, DHETE reduced colitis severity by attenuating inflammatory cytokine secretion and improved the endogenous antioxidant defense in DSS-induced UC in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Caroline Meurer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Mariéli Mees
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Luísa Nathalia Bolda Mariano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Thaise Boeing
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Lincon Bordignon Somensi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Marihá Mariott
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Rita de Cássia Melo Vilhena de Andrade Fonseca da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Ana Caroline Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Bruna Longo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Tauini Caroline Santos França
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Luiz Carlos Klein-Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Priscila de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Sérgio Faloni de Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901
| | - Luísa Mota da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI)-Campus Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Rua Uruguai, 458, Centro. CEP: 88302-901.
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Toti E, Chen CYO, Palmery M, Villaño Valencia D, Peluso I. Non-Provitamin A and Provitamin A Carotenoids as Immunomodulators: Recommended Dietary Allowance, Therapeutic Index, or Personalized Nutrition? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4637861. [PMID: 29861829 PMCID: PMC5971251 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4637861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vegetables and fruits contain non-provitamin A (lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin) and provitamin A (β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and α-carotene) carotenoids. Within these compounds, β-carotene has been extensively studied for its health benefits, but its supplementation at doses higher than recommended intakes induces adverse effects. β-Carotene is converted to retinoic acid (RA), a well-known immunomodulatory molecule. Human interventions suggest that β-carotene and lycopene at pharmacological doses affect immune functions after a depletion period of low carotenoid diet. However, these effects appear unrelated to carotenoids and retinol levels in plasma. Local production of RA in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue, as well as the dependency of RA-induced effects on local inflammation, suggests that personalized nutrition/supplementation should be considered in the future. On the other hand, the differential effect of RA and lycopene on transforming growth factor-beta suggests that lycopene supplementation could improve immune functions without increasing risk for cancers. However, such preclinical evidence must be confirmed in human interventions before any recommendations can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Toti
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy
| | - C.-Y. Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maura Palmery
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, “V. Erspamer”, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Peluso
- Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA-AN), Rome, Italy
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Fuke N, Takagi T, Higashimura Y, Tsuji T, Umeda R, Mizushima K, Tanaka M, Suganuma H, Aizawa K, Yajima N, Naito Y. Lactobacillus brevis KB290 With Vitamin A Ameliorates Murine Intestinal Inflammation Associated With the Increase of CD11c+ Macrophage/CD103- Dendritic Cell Ratio. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:317-331. [PMID: 29361084 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izx003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ratio of colonic anti-inflammatory CD11c+ macrophages (MPs) to inflammatory CD103- dendritic cells (DCs) plays pivotal roles in intestinal inflammation. Little is known about how the ratio is regulated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria (Bif). We investigated the contribution of LAB/Bif to this ratio. METHODS We established an in vitro experimental system using human myeloblastic KG-1 cells, which differentiate into CD11c+ MP-like (CD11c+ MPL) and CD103- DC-like (CD103- DCL) cells, and explored effective LAB/Bif strains. The selected strain's effect on the colonic CD11c+ MP/CD103- DC ratio and intestinal inflammation was examined in mice, and the strain's underlying mechanisms were investigated in vitro. RESULTS We screened 19 strains of LAB/Bif, and found that Lactobacillus brevis KB290 (KB290) increased the CD11c+ MPL/CD103- DCL cell ratio only in the presence of a vitamin A (VA) metabolite, retinoic acid (RA). Supplementation of KB290 with VA increased the CD11c+ MP/CD103- DC ratio in healthy mouse and prevented the disruption of the ratio during colitis. Supplementation of KB290 with pro-VA (β-carotene) also increased the ratio in healthy mouse and ameliorated the development of colitis. The ratio was increased by reduction of CD103- DCs (or CD103- DCL cells). Our in vitro data suggested that KB290 induced cell death in CD103- DCL cells in the presence of RA signaling. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of KB290 with VA increases the colonic CD11c+ MP/CD103- DC ratio associated with the amelioration of murine colitis, suggesting a possible way to control intestinal inflammation by LAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Fuke
- Nature & Wellness Research Department, Innovation Division, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higashimura
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryohei Umeda
- Nature & Wellness Research Department, Innovation Division, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suganuma
- Nature & Wellness Research Department, Innovation Division, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Koichi Aizawa
- Nature & Wellness Research Department, Innovation Division, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yajima
- Nature & Wellness Research Department, Innovation Division, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Jing Y, Liu H, Xu W, Yang Q. Amelioration of the DSS-induced colitis in mice by pretreatment with 4,4'-diaponeurosporene-producing Bacillus subtilis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:6069-6073. [PMID: 29285159 PMCID: PMC5740520 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronically relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. Current IBD treatments have poor tolerability and insufficient therapeutic efficacy, thus, alternative therapeutic approaches are required. Recently, a number of dietary supplements have emerged as promising interventions. In the present study oral administration of a carotenoid (4,4'-diaponeurosporene)-producing Bacillus subtilis markedly ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced mouse colitis, as demonstrated by a reduction in weight loss and the severity of bleeding, which indicated that 4,4'-diaponeurosporene may have beneficial effects on treatments for colitis. This preliminary study indicated that 4,4'-diaponeurosporene may function synergistically with probiotics to provide a novel and effective strategy to prevent colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Jing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Haofei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P.R. China
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Dadhania VP, Trivedi PP, Vikram A, Tripathi DN. Nutraceuticals against Neurodegeneration: A Mechanistic Insight. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 14:627-40. [PMID: 26725888 PMCID: PMC4981739 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160104142223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders are complex and multifactorial; however, accumulating evidences suggest few common shared pathways. These common pathways include mitochondrial dysfunction, intracellular Ca2+ overload, oxidative stress and inflammation. Often multiple pathways co-exist, and therefore limit the benefits of therapeutic interventions. Nutraceuticals have recently gained importance owing to their multifaceted effects. These food-based approaches are believed to target multiple pathways in a slow but more physiological manner without causing severe adverse effects. Available information strongly supports the notion that apart from preventing the onset of neuronal damage, nutraceuticals can potentially attenuate the continued progression of neuronal destruction. In this article, we i) review the common pathways involved in the pathogenesis of the toxicants-induced neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative disorders with special emphasis on Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and ii) summarize current research advancements on the effects of nutraceuticals against these detrimental pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ajit Vikram
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA-52240, USA.
| | - Durga Nand Tripathi
- DNT at Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, TX-77030, USA.
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Talero E, García-Mauriño S, Ávila-Román J, Rodríguez-Luna A, Alcaide A, Motilva V. Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Microalgae in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6152-209. [PMID: 26437418 PMCID: PMC4626684 DOI: 10.3390/md13106152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of onset of cancer is influenced by poorly controlled chronic inflammatory processes. Inflammatory diseases related to cancer development include inflammatory bowel disease, which can lead to colon cancer, or actinic keratosis, associated with chronic exposure to ultraviolet light, which can progress to squamous cell carcinoma. Chronic inflammatory states expose these patients to a number of signals with tumorigenic effects, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) activation, pro-inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandins release and ROS production. In addition, the participation of inflammasomes, autophagy and sirtuins has been demonstrated in pathological processes such as inflammation and cancer. Chemoprevention consists in the use of drugs, vitamins, or nutritional supplements to reduce the risk of developing or having a recurrence of cancer. Numerous in vitro and animal studies have established the potential colon and skin cancer chemopreventive properties of substances from marine environment, including microalgae species and their products (carotenoids, fatty acids, glycolipids, polysaccharides and proteins). This review summarizes the main mechanisms of actions of these compounds in the chemoprevention of these cancers. These actions include suppression of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, stimulation of antimetastatic and antiangiogenic responses and increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Talero
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Sofía García-Mauriño
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Javier Ávila-Román
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Antonio Alcaide
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
| | - Virginia Motilva
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville 41012, Spain.
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33
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Medicherla K, Sahu BD, Kuncha M, Kumar JM, Sudhakar G, Sistla R. Oral administration of geraniol ameliorates acute experimental murine colitis by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB signaling. Food Funct 2015; 6:2984-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00405e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oral administration of geraniol ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanakaraju Medicherla
- Department of Human Genetics
- College of Science and Technology
- Andhra University
- Visakhapatnam-530003
- India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT)
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | - Madhusudana Kuncha
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT)
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | - Jerald Mahesh Kumar
- Animal House Facility
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB)
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | - Godi Sudhakar
- Department of Human Genetics
- College of Science and Technology
- Andhra University
- Visakhapatnam-530003
- India
| | - Ramakrishna Sistla
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT)
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
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