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de Melo DG, da Cruz Rodrigues VC, de Sá Pereira GJ, de Campos TDP, Dos Santos Canciglieri R, Pauli JR, da Silva ASR, da Costa Fernandes CJ, de Moura LP. Effects of aerobic exercise on the regulation of mitochondrial carrier homolog-2 and its influence on the catabolic and anabolic activity of lipids in the mesenteric adipose tissue of obese mice. Life Sci 2024; 345:122567. [PMID: 38492919 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The aim was to understand the direct impact of aerobic short-term exercise on lipid metabolism, specifically in regulating the mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 (MTCH2) and how it interferes with lipid metabolism in mesenteric adipose tissue. Swiss mice were divided into three groups: control, sedentary obese, and exercised obese. The obese groups were induced into obesity for fourteen weeks of a high-fat diet, and the trained submitted to seven aerobic exercise sessions. The exercise proved the significant increase of the pPerilipin-1, a hormone-sensitive lipase gene, and modulates lipid metabolism by increasing the expression of Mtch2 and acetyl Co-A carboxylase, perhaps occurring as feedback to regulate lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. In conclusion, we demonstrate, for the first time, how aerobic physical exercise increases Mtch2 transcription in mesenteric adipose tissue. This increase was due to changes in energy demand caused by exercise, confirmed by observing the significant reduction in mesenteric adipose tissue mass in the exercised group. Also, we showed that physical exercise increased the phosphorylative capacity of PLIN1, a protein responsible for the degradation of fatty acids in the lipid droplet, providing acyl and glycerol for cellular metabolism. Although our findings demonstrate evidence of MTCH2 as a protein that regulates lipid homeostasis, scant knowledge exists concerning the signaling of the MTCH2 pathway in regulatingfatty acid metabolism. Therefore, unveiling the means of molecular signaling of MTCH2 demonstrates excellent potential for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Gomes de Melo
- Exercise Cellular Biology Laboratory, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Célio Junior da Costa Fernandes
- Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Exercise Cellular Biology Laboratory, University of Campinas, Limeira, Brazil; Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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2
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Bu S, Xiong A, Yang Z, Aissa-Brahim F, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Cao F. Bilobalide Induces Apoptosis in 3T3-L1 Mature Adipocytes through ROS-Mediated Mitochondria Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:6410. [PMID: 37687239 PMCID: PMC10489643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilobalide exhibits numerous beneficial bioactivities, including neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. Our previous study demonstrated that bilobalide inhibits adipogenesis and promotes lipolysis. The dose-dependent cytotoxicity was found to be specific to the mature adipocytes only, indicating the potential for regulating apoptosis in them. Herein, we aimed to investigate the apoptotic effects of bilobalide on 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes and elucidate the underlying mechanisms thereof. Flow cytometry analysis (FACS) revealed the pro-apoptotic effects of bilobalide on these cells. Bilobalide induced early apoptosis by reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). DNA fragmentation was confirmed using TUNEL staining. Additionally, bilobalide increased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and activities of Caspases 3/9. Pre-treatment with NAC (an ROS scavenger) confirmed the role of ROS in inducing apoptosis. Moreover, bilobalide up- and down-regulated the expression of Bax and Bcl-2, respectively, at the mRNA and protein expression levels; upregulated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio; triggered the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria; and increased the protein expression of cleaved Caspase 3, cleaved Caspase 9, and PARP cleavage. These results support the conclusion that bilobalide induces apoptosis in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway, and offers potential novel treatment for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Bu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.A.-B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Anran Xiong
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.A.-B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zhiying Yang
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.A.-B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Faycal Aissa-Brahim
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.A.-B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (A.X.); (Z.Y.); (F.A.-B.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yichun Zhang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Xunyong Zhou
- HC Enzyme (Shenzhen) Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518001, China;
| | - Fuliang Cao
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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3
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Daneshyar S, Tavoosidana G, Bahmani M, Basir SS, Delfan M, Laher I, Saeidi A, Granacher U, Zouhal H. Combined effects of high fat diet and exercise on autophagy in white adipose tissue of mice. Life Sci 2023; 314:121335. [PMID: 36587790 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The effects of nutrition and exercise on autophagy are not well studied. This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of high-fat diets (HFD) and exercise training (ET) on autophagy in white adipose tissue of mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned into four groups of 7 mice per group: (1) Control, (2) high-fat diet-induced obesity (HFD-Ob), (3) exercise training (ET), and (4) high-fat diet with exercise training (HFD-ET). The HFD-Ob group was fed a high-fat diet for 14 weeks, while the ET group continuously ran on a treadmill for five sessions per week for seven weeks, and the HFD-ET group had both HFD and exercise training. qReal-time-PCR and western blot were used to measure the mRNA and protein levels of autophagy markers in white adipose tissue. RESULTS Mice from the HFD group showed higher levels in autophagy-related gene5 (ATG5, p = 0.04), ATG7 (p = 0.002), cathepsin B (CTSB, p = 0.0004), LC3-II (p = 0.03) than control. Mice in the ET group displayed higher levels of genes for ATG7 (p = 0.0003), microtubule-associated protein1-light chain 3 (LC3, p = 0.05), lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2, p = 0.04) and cathepsin L (CTSL, p = 0.03) than control. Mice from the HFD-ET group had higher levels of genes for ATG7 (p = 0.05) and CTSL (p = 0.043) and lower levels of genes for CTSB (p = 0.045) compared to the HFD group and lower levels of LAMP2 (p = 0.02) compared to the ET group. CONCLUSION There were increases in autophagosome formation in the white adipose tissue from mice in the HFD and ET groups. A combination of HFD and ET enhances autophagosome formation and modulates lysosomal degradation in white adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Daneshyar
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Ayatollah Alozma Boroujerdi University, Lorestan, Iran; Department of Physical Education, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Tavoosidana
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Bahmani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Saeed Shokati Basir
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Maryam Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Urs Granacher
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, Exercise and Human Movement Science, University of Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé) - EA 1274, F-35000 Rennes, France; Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850 Irodouer, France.
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Huang CJ, Rodriguez AL, Visavadiya NP, Fico BG, Slusher AL, Ferrandi PJ, Whitehurst M. An exploratory investigation of apoptotic and autophagic responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells following maximal aerobic exercise in obese individuals. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:209-216. [PMID: 31564171 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1671875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a critical molecular process in promoting cell survival against apoptosis. This study examined whether maximal aerobic exercise-mediated apoptosis in obesity might be underlying the involvement of autophagy in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Twelve healthy male subjects (6 obese and 6 normal-weight) were recruited to participate in a maximal graded exercise test on a treadmill. Obese subjects exhibited a significantly lower Bax, but a higher Bcl-2 protein level in conjunction with a reduced Bax/Bcl-2 AUCi compared to normal-weight subjects following exercise. Furthermore, a greater LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and LC3-II/LC3-I AUCi was observed in obese subjects compared to normal-weight subjects. LC3-II/LC3-I AUCi was also positively associated with obesity-associated parameters (BMI, waist/hip circumference, and fasting insulin level), but was negatively correlated with Bax/Bcl-2 AUCi. These findings demonstrate that maximal aerobic exercise differentially mediates the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and autophagic activity in human PBMCs isolated from obese compared to normal-weight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jung Huang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra L Rodriguez
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Nishant P Visavadiya
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Brandon G Fico
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Aaron L Slusher
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter J Ferrandi
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Michael Whitehurst
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science and Health Promotion, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
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5
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Turner L, Santosa S. Putting ATM to BED: How Adipose Tissue Macrophages Are Affected by Bariatric Surgery, Exercise, and Dietary Fatty Acids. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1893-1910. [PMID: 33979430 PMCID: PMC8483961 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing adiposity in obesity, adipose tissue macrophages contribute to adipose tissue malfunction and increased circulating proinflammatory cytokines. The chronic low-grade inflammation that occurs in obesity ultimately gives rise to a state of metainflammation that increases the risk of metabolic disease. To date, only lifestyle and surgical interventions have been shown to be somewhat effective at reversing the negative consequences of obesity and restoring adipose tissue homeostasis. Exercise, dietary interventions, and bariatric surgery result in immunomodulation, and for some individuals their effects are significant with or without weight loss. Robust evidence suggests that these interventions reduce chronic inflammation, in part, by affecting macrophage infiltration and promoting a phenotypic switch from the M1- to M2-like macrophages. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of dietary fatty acids, exercise, and bariatric surgery on cellular characteristics affecting adipose tissue macrophage presence and phenotypes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Turner
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Metabolism, Obesity, and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Winn NC, Cottam MA, Wasserman DH, Hasty AH. Exercise and Adipose Tissue Immunity: Outrunning Inflammation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:790-801. [PMID: 33899336 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is considered a precipitating factor and possibly an underlying cause of many noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease, metabolic diseases, and some cancers. Obesity, which manifests in more than 650 million people worldwide, is the most common chronic inflammatory condition, with visceral adiposity thought to be the major inflammatory hub that links obesity and chronic disease. Adipose tissue (AT) inflammation is triggered or heightened in large part by (1) accelerated immune cell recruitment, (2) reshaping of the AT stromal-immuno landscape (e.g., immune cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, adipocyte progenitors), and (3) perturbed AT immune cell function. Exercise, along with diet management, is a cornerstone in promoting weight loss and preventing weight regain. This review focuses on evidence that increased physical activity reduces AT inflammation caused by hypercaloric diets or genetic obesity. The precise cell types and mechanisms responsible for the therapeutic effects of exercise on AT inflammation remain poorly understood. This review summarizes what is known about obesity-induced AT inflammation and immunomodulation and highlights mechanisms by which aerobic exercise combats inflammation by remodeling the AT immune landscape. Furthermore, key areas are highlighted that require future exploration and novel discoveries into the burgeoning field of how the biology of exercise affects AT immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan C Winn
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew A Cottam
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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7
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Skeletal Muscle-Adipose Tissue-Tumor Axis: Molecular Mechanisms Linking Exercise Training in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094469. [PMID: 33922898 PMCID: PMC8123194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased visceral adiposity may influence the development of prostate cancer (PCa) aggressive tumors and cancer mortality. White adipose tissue (WAT), usually referred to as periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT), surrounds the prostatic gland and has emerged as a potential mediator of the tumor microenvironment. Exercise training (ET) induces several adaptations in both skeletal muscle and WAT. Some of these effects are mediated by ET-induced synthesis and secretion of several proteins, known as myo- and adipokines. Together, myokines and adipokines may act in an endocrine-like manner to favor communication between skeletal muscle and WAT, as they may work together to improve whole-body metabolic health. This crosstalk may constitute a potential mechanism by which ET exerts its beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of PCa-related disorders; however, this has not yet been explored. Therefore, we reviewed the current evidence on the effects of skeletal muscle–WAT–tumor crosstalk in PCa, and the potential mediators of this process to provide a better understanding of underlying ET-related mechanisms in cancer.
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8
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Yan BC, Wang J, Rui Y, Cao J, Xu P, Jiang D, Zhu X, Won MH, Bo P, Su P. Neuroprotective Effects of Gabapentin Against Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion-Induced Neuronal Autophagic Injury via Regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:157-171. [PMID: 30597043 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nly119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gabapentin (GBP), an analgesic, adjunct antiepileptic, and migraine prophylactic drug, reduces neuronal injury induced by cerebral ischemia reperfusion (IR). However, the underlying biological molecular mechanism of GBP neuroprotection is not clear. In this study, we confirmed that dose-dependent (75 and 150 mg/kg) GBP treatment could significantly reduce IR-induced neuronal death. IR-induced neuronal death was inhibited by pretreatment with 150 mg/kg GBP in a middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model. In addition, 150 mg/kg GBP treatment remarkably promoted the levels of antioxidants and reduced the autophagy of neurons in the infarct penumbra. Moreover, the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway was activated by pretreatment with 150 mg/kg GBP, as detected by Western blot analyses. In vitro, pretreatment of PC12 cells with 450 µM GBP significantly reduced cell death induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation, increased antioxidant function, and reduced the levels of autophagy and reactive oxygen species via activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. This neuroprotection by GBP was inhibited significantly by 10 µM LY294002. In summary, dose-dependent pretreatment with GBP protected against cerebral IR injury via activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which provided a neuroprotective function to inhibit oxidative stress-related neuronal autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chun Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical college of Yangzhou University.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital, Yangzhou University.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical college of Yangzhou University.,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanggang Rui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical college of Yangzhou University
| | - Jianwen Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical college of Yangzhou University
| | - Pei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical college of Yangzhou University
| | - Dan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical college of Yangzhou University
| | - Xiaolu Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical college of Yangzhou University
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ping Bo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical college of Yangzhou University
| | - Peiqing Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical college of Yangzhou University
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9
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Kato H, Minamizato H, Ohno H, Ohira Y, Izawa T. Exercise ameliorates high-fat diet-induced impairment of differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into neuron-like cells in rats. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1452-1460. [PMID: 30076718 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can differentiate into neurons under particular conditions. It remains largely unknown whether this differentiation potential is affected by physical conditions such as obesity, which modulates the functions of adipose tissue. In this study, we determined the impact of either a 9-week high-fat diet (60% fat; HFD) or 9-week exercise training on the differentiation potential of ADSCs into neuron-like cells in male Wistar rats. Rats were randomly assigned to a normal diet-fed (ND-SED) group, HFD-fed (HFD-SED) group, or exercise-trained HFD-fed group (HFD-EX). After a 9-week intervention, ADSCs from all groups differentiated into neuron-like cells. Expression of neuronal marker proteins (nestin, βIII-tubulin, and microtubule-associated protein 2 [MAP2]) and the average length of cell neurites were lower in cells from HFD-SED rats than in other groups. Instead, protein expression of COX IV and Cyt-c, the Bax/Bcl-2 and LC3-II/I ratio, and the malondialdehyde level in culture medium were higher in cells from HFD-SED rats. No significant difference between ND-SED and HFD-EX rats was observed, except for the average length of cell neurites in MAP2. Thus, HFD impaired the differentiation potential of ADSCs into neuron-like cells, which was accompanied by increases in apoptotic activity and oxidative stress. Importantly, exercise training ameliorated the HFD-induced impairment of neurogenesis in ADSCs. The adipose tissue microenvironment could influence the differentiation potential of ADSCs, a source of autologous stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Kato
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan.,Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Minamizato
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohno
- Social Medical Corporation Foundation "Yamatokai,", Higashiyamato, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ohira
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Izawa
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
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10
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Gonçalves TT, Lazaro CM, De Mateo FG, Campos MC, Mezencio JG, Claudino MA, de O Carvalho P, Webb RC, Priviero FB. Effects of glucosyl-hesperidin and physical training on body weight, plasma lipids, oxidative status and vascular reactivity of rats fed with high-fat diet. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 11:321-332. [PMID: 30013377 PMCID: PMC6037267 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s153661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with glucosyl hesperidin (GH), with or without physical training, on body weight, fat depot, glucose and plasma lipids, oxidative status and vascular function of rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS After weaning, male Wistar rats were fed with an HFD plus fructose for 12 weeks and started receiving oral antioxidant supplementation and/or physical training after the fourth week of diet for eight further weeks. Body weight, epididymal and retroperitoneal fat, plasma glucose and lipids, oxidative status and mesenteric artery reactivity were evaluated. RESULTS Rats fed with HFD presented higher body weight gain and fat accumulation compared to control rats, while GH supplementation did not influence these parameters. Physical training reduced the body weight gain and fat accumulation and modulated the oxidative status by increasing superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity and reducing lipid peroxidation. GH alone decreased lipid peroxidation. However, when given to exercised rats, it impaired the response elicited by physical training. HFD caused endothelial dysfunction, and neither GH nor physical exercise prevented it. Potency of sodium nitroprusside was increased in exercised animals but not in GH-supplemented rats. CONCLUSION Physical exercise partially decreased the body fat accumulation, decreased plasma levels of glucose and lipids and improved general oxidative status and endothelium-independent relaxation in mesenteric arteries of rats fed with HFD. GH exhibited benefits only in the oxidative status. However, GH given in association with physical exercise did not cause further changes in addition to those promoted by physical exercise. On the contrary, in exercised animals, GH prevented those changes elicited by physical training in plasma glucose and lipids, oxidative status and endothelium-independent relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Tomazini Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Carolina M Lazaro
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Fernanda G De Mateo
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Marcela Cb Campos
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Jackeline Gb Mezencio
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Mario A Claudino
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Patrícia de O Carvalho
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - R Clinton Webb
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA,
| | - Fernanda Bm Priviero
- Laboratory of Multidisciplinary Research, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil,
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA,
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11
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Ahlstrom P, Rai E, Chakma S, Cho HH, Rengasamy P, Sweeney G. Adiponectin improves insulin sensitivity via activation of autophagic flux. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 59:339-350. [PMID: 28954814 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes, and one potential causative cellular mechanism is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Adiponectin mediates anti-diabetic effects via direct metabolic actions and by improving insulin sensitivity, and we recently demonstrated an important role in stimulation of autophagy by adiponectin. However, there is limited knowledge on crosstalk between autophagy and ER stress in skeletal muscle and in particular how they are regulated by adiponectin. Here, we utilized the model of high insulin/glucose (HIHG)-induced insulin resistance, determined by measuring Akt phosphorylation (T308 and S473) and glucose uptake in L6 skeletal muscle cells. HIHG reduced autophagic flux measured by LC3 and p62 Western blotting and tandem fluorescent RFP/GFP-LC3 immunofluorescence (IF). HIHG also induced ER stress assessed by thioflavin T/KDEL IF, pIRE1, pPERK, peIF2α and ATF6 Western blotting and induction of a GRP78-mCherry reporter. Induction of autophagy by adiponectin or rapamycin attenuated HIHG-induced ER stress and improved insulin sensitivity. The functional significance of enhanced autophagy was validated by demonstrating a lack of improved insulin sensitivity in response to adiponectin in autophagy-deficient cells generated by overexpression of dominant negative mutant of Atg5. In summary, adiponectin-induced autophagy in skeletal muscle cells alleviated HIHG-induced ER stress and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Rai
- Department of BiologyYork University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Hee Ho Cho
- Department of BiologyYork University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of BiologyYork University, Toronto, Canada
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