1
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Han Y, Shao Z, Zhang Y, Zhao H, Sun Z, Yang C, Tang H, Han Y, Gao C. 3D matrix stiffness modulation unveils cardiac fibroblast phenotypic switching. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17015. [PMID: 39043765 PMCID: PMC11266583 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67646-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates how dynamic fluctuations in matrix stiffness affect the behavior of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) within a three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel environment. Using hybrid hydrogels with tunable stiffness, we created an in vitro model to mimic the varying stiffness of the cardiac microenvironment. By manipulating hydrogel stiffness, we examined CF responses, particularly the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker of myofibroblast differentiation. Our findings reveal that increased matrix stiffness promotes the differentiation of CFs into myofibroblasts, while matrix softening reverses this process. Additionally, we identified the role of focal adhesions and integrin β1 in mediating stiffness-induced phenotypic switching. This study provides significant insights into the mechanobiology of cardiac fibrosis and suggests that modulating matrix stiffness could be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Han
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 451464, Henan, China
| | - Zehua Shao
- Department of Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuanhao Zhang
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 451464, Henan, China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zirui Sun
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 451464, Henan, China
| | - Chaokuan Yang
- Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 451464, Henan, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Aging, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 451464, Henan, China.
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Central China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, 451464, Henan, China.
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Structural Heart Disease, Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 451464, Henan, China.
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Central China Fuwai Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 451464, Henan, China.
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2
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Luo Y, Liu Y, Xue W, He W, Lv D, Zhao H. Systems biology-based analysis exploring shared biomarkers and pathogenesis of myocardial infarction combined with osteoarthritis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1398990. [PMID: 39086489 PMCID: PMC11288954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1398990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background More and more evidence supports the association between myocardial infarction (MI) and osteoarthritis (OA). The purpose of this study is to explore the shared biomarkers and pathogenesis of MI complicated with OA by systems biology. Methods Gene expression profiles of MI and OA were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis were used to identify the common DEGs. The shared genes related to diseases were screened by three public databases, and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was built. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed on the two parts of the genes respectively. The hub genes were intersected and verified by Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and single-cell RNA sequencing analysis. Finally, the hub genes differentially expressed in primary cardiomyocytes and chondrocytes were verified by RT-qPCR. The immune cell infiltration analysis, subtypes analysis, and transcription factors (TFs) prediction were carried out. Results In this study, 23 common DEGs were obtained by WGCNA and DEGs analysis. In addition, 199 common genes were acquired from three public databases by PPI. Inflammation and immunity may be the common pathogenic mechanisms, and the MAPK signaling pathway may play a key role in both disorders. DUSP1, FOS, and THBS1 were identified as shared biomarkers, which is entirely consistent with the results of single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, and furher confirmed by RT-qPCR. Immune infiltration analysis illustrated that many types of immune cells were closely associated with MI and OA. Two potential subtypes were identified in both datasets. Furthermore, FOXC1 may be the crucial TF, and the relationship of TFs-hub genes-immune cells was visualized by the Sankey diagram, which could help discover the pathogenesis between MI and OA. Conclusion In summary, this study first revealed 3 (DUSP1, FOS, and THBS1) novel shared biomarkers and signaling pathways underlying both MI and OA. Additionally, immune cells and key TFs related to 3 hub genes were examined to further clarify the regulation mechanism. Our study provides new insights into shared molecular mechanisms between MI and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongrui Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqi Xue
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weifeng He
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Di Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanyi Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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3
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Liu Z, Bian X, Li L, Liu L, Feng C, Wang Y, Ni J, Li S, Lu D, Li Y, Ma C, Yu T, Xiao X, Xue N, Wang Y, Zhang C, Ma X, Gao X, Fan X, Liu X, Fan G. SENP1-Mediated HSP90ab1 DeSUMOylation in Cardiomyocytes Prevents Myocardial Fibrosis by Paracrine Signaling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400741. [PMID: 38992961 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) triggers a poor ventricular remodeling response, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors show that sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1) is downregulated in post-MI mice and in patients with severe heart failure. By generating cardiomyocyte-specific SENP1 knockout and overexpression mice to assess cardiac function and ventricular remodeling responses under physiological and pathological conditions. Increased cardiac fibrosis in the cardiomyocyte-specific SENP1 deletion mice, associated with increased fibronectin (Fn) expression and secretion in cardiomyocytes, promotes fibroblast activation in response to myocardial injury. Mechanistically, SENP1 deletion in mouse cardiomyocytes increases heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1 (HSP90ab1) SUMOylation with (STAT3) activation and Fn secretion after ventricular remodeling initiated. Overexpression of SENP1 or mutation of the HSP90ab1 Lys72 ameliorates adverse ventricular remodeling and dysfunction after MI. Taken together, this study identifies SENP1 as a positive regulator of cardiac repair and a potential drug target for the treatment of MI. Inhibition of HSP90ab1 SUMOylation stabilizes STAT3 to inhibit the adverse ventricular remodeling response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiyun Bian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Li Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Chao Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, 300051, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Jingyu Ni
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Sheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Dading Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Yanxia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Chuanrui Ma
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Na Xue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314100, China
| | - Xiaozhi Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Epigenetics for Organ Development of Preterm Infants, Tianjin fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
- Central Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
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4
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Gergely TG, Drobni ZD, Kallikourdis M, Zhu H, Meijers WC, Neilan TG, Rassaf T, Ferdinandy P, Varga ZV. Immune checkpoints in cardiac physiology and pathology: therapeutic targets for heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:443-462. [PMID: 38279046 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00986-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules are physiological regulators of the adaptive immune response. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 or cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4, have revolutionized cancer treatment and their clinical use is increasing. However, ICIs can cause various immune-related adverse events, including acute and chronic cardiotoxicity. Of these cardiovascular complications, ICI-induced acute fulminant myocarditis is the most studied, although emerging clinical and preclinical data are uncovering the importance of other ICI-related chronic cardiovascular complications, such as accelerated atherosclerosis and non-myocarditis-related heart failure. These complications could be more difficult to diagnose, given that they might only be present alongside other comorbidities. The occurrence of these complications suggests a potential role of immune checkpoint molecules in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis, and disruption of physiological immune checkpoint signalling might thus lead to cardiac pathologies, including heart failure. Although inflammation is a long-known contributor to the development of heart failure, the therapeutic targeting of pro-inflammatory pathways has not been successful thus far. The increasingly recognized role of immune checkpoint molecules in the failing heart highlights their potential use as immunotherapeutic targets for heart failure. In this Review, we summarize the available data on ICI-induced cardiac dysfunction and heart failure, and discuss how immune checkpoint signalling is altered in the failing heart. Furthermore, we describe how pharmacological targeting of immune checkpoints could be used to treat heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás G Gergely
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia D Drobni
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marinos Kallikourdis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Adaptive Immunity Lab, Humanitas Research Hospital IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Han Zhu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Wouter C Meijers
- Erasmus MC, Cardiovascular Institute, Thorax Center, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomas G Neilan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
- HCEMM-SU Cardiometabolic Immunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA-SE Momentum Cardio-Oncology and Cardioimmunology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
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5
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Cadosch N, Gil-Cruz C, Perez-Shibayama C, Ludewig B. Cardiac Fibroblastic Niches in Homeostasis and Inflammation. Circ Res 2024; 134:1703-1717. [PMID: 38843287 PMCID: PMC11149942 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are essential for building and maintaining the structural integrity of all organs. Moreover, fibroblasts can acquire an inflammatory phenotype to accommodate immune cells in specific niches and to provide migration, differentiation, and growth factors. In the heart, balancing of fibroblast activity is critical for cardiac homeostasis and optimal organ function during inflammation. Fibroblasts sustain cardiac homeostasis by generating local niche environments that support housekeeping functions and by actively engaging in intercellular cross talk. During inflammatory perturbations, cardiac fibroblasts rapidly switch to an inflammatory state and actively communicate with infiltrating immune cells to orchestrate immune cell migration and activity. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the molecular landscape of cardiac fibroblasts, focusing on their dual role in promoting tissue homeostasis and modulating immune cell-cardiomyocyte interaction. In addition, we discuss potential future avenues for manipulating cardiac fibroblast activity during myocardial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Cadosch
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland (N.C., C.G.-C., C.P.-S., B.L.)
| | - Cristina Gil-Cruz
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland (N.C., C.G.-C., C.P.-S., B.L.)
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.-C., B.L.), University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Perez-Shibayama
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland (N.C., C.G.-C., C.P.-S., B.L.)
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland (N.C., C.G.-C., C.P.-S., B.L.)
- University Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (C.G.-C., B.L.), University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Translational and Experimental Cardiology (B.L.), University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Miguel V, Alcalde-Estévez E, Sirera B, Rodríguez-Pascual F, Lamas S. Metabolism and bioenergetics in the pathophysiology of organ fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:85-105. [PMID: 38838921 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the tissue scarring characterized by excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, mainly collagens. A fibrotic response can take place in any tissue of the body and is the result of an imbalanced reaction to inflammation and wound healing. Metabolism has emerged as a major driver of fibrotic diseases. While glycolytic shifts appear to be a key metabolic switch in activated stromal ECM-producing cells, several other cell types such as immune cells, whose functions are intricately connected to their metabolic characteristics, form a complex network of pro-fibrotic cellular crosstalk. This review purports to clarify shared and particular cellular responses and mechanisms across organs and etiologies. We discuss the impact of the cell-type specific metabolic reprogramming in fibrotic diseases in both experimental and human pathology settings, providing a rationale for new therapeutic interventions based on metabolism-targeted antifibrotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Miguel
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Alcalde-Estévez
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Systems Biology, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Belén Sirera
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Pascual
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Tissue fibroblasts are versatile immune regulators: An evaluation of their impact on the aging process. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102296. [PMID: 38588867 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblasts are abundant stromal cells which not only control the integrity of extracellular matrix (ECM) but also act as immune regulators. It is known that the structural cells within tissues can establish an organ-specific immunity expressing many immune-related genes and closely interact with immune cells. In fact, fibroblasts can modify their immune properties to display both pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities in a context-dependent manner. After acute insults, fibroblasts promote tissue inflammation although they concurrently recruit immunosuppressive cells to enhance the resolution of inflammation. In chronic pathological states, tissue fibroblasts, especially senescent fibroblasts, can display many pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties and stimulate the activities of different immunosuppressive cells. In return, immunosuppressive cells, such as M2 macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), evoke an excessive conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, thus aggravating the severity of tissue fibrosis. Single-cell transcriptome studies on fibroblasts isolated from aged tissues have confirmed that tissue fibroblasts express many genes coding for cytokines, chemokines, and complement factors, whereas they lose some fibrogenic properties. The versatile immune properties of fibroblasts and their close cooperation with immune cells indicate that tissue fibroblasts have a crucial role in the aging process and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland.
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, KYS FI-70029, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
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8
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Zhu C, Miao L, Wei K, Shi D, Gao J. Coronary microvascular dysfunction. Microvasc Res 2024; 153:104652. [PMID: 38211894 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2024.104652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a key mechanism underlying ischemic heart disease (IHD), yet its diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. This article presents a comprehensive overview of CMD research, covering its pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, assessment techniques, risk factors, and therapeutic strategies. Additionally, it highlights the prospects for future CMD research. The article aims at advocating early and effective intervention for CMD and improving the prognosis of IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Zhu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Miao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kangkang Wei
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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9
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Zang G, Chen Y, Guo G, Wan A, Li B, Wang Z. Protective Effect of CD137 Deficiency Against Postinfarction Cardiac Fibrosis and Adverse Cardiac Remodeling by ERK1/2 Signaling Pathways. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2024; 83:446-456. [PMID: 38416872 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Myocardial fibrosis, a common complication of myocardial infarction (MI), is characterized by excessive collagen deposition and can result in impaired cardiac function. The specific role of CD137 in the development of post-MI myocardial fibrosis remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to elucidate the effects of CD137 signaling using CD137 knockout mice and in vitro experiments. CD137 expression levels progressively increased in the heart after MI, particularly in myofibroblast, which play a key role in fibrosis. Remarkably, CD137 knockout mice exhibited improved cardiac function and reduced fibrosis compared with wild-type mice at day 28 post-MI. The use of Masson's trichrome and picrosirius red staining demonstrated a reduction in the infarct area and collagen volume fraction in CD137 knockout mice. Furthermore, the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen I, key markers of fibrosis, was decreased in heart tissues lacking CD137. In vitro experiments supported these findings because CD137 depletion attenuated cardiac fibroblast differentiation, and migration, and collagen I synthesis. In addition, the administration of CD137L recombinant protein further promoted alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and collagen I synthesis, suggesting a profibrotic effect. Notably, the application of an inhibitor targeting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway attenuated the profibrotic effects of CD137L. To conclude, this study provides evidence that CD137 plays a significant role in promoting myocardial fibrosis after MI. Inhibition of CD137 signaling pathways may hold therapeutic potential for mitigating pathological cardiac remodeling and improving post-MI cardiac function.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Fibrosis
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/genetics
- Myocardial Infarction/enzymology
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Ventricular Remodeling/drug effects
- Mice, Knockout
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Disease Models, Animal
- Male
- Collagen Type I/metabolism
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Myofibroblasts/metabolism
- Myofibroblasts/pathology
- Myofibroblasts/enzymology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/enzymology
- 4-1BB Ligand/metabolism
- 4-1BB Ligand/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Actins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Signal Transduction
- Cell Movement
- Mice
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Cell Differentiation
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; and
| | - Yiliu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; and
| | - Ge Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; and
| | - Aijun Wan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Nursing, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; and
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China; and
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10
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Basu C, Cannon PL, Awgulewitsch CP, Galindo CL, Gamazon ER, Hatzopoulos AK. Transcriptome analysis of cardiac endothelial cells after myocardial infarction reveals temporal changes and long-term deficits. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9991. [PMID: 38693202 PMCID: PMC11063162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59155-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) have essential roles in cardiac tissue repair after myocardial infarction (MI). To establish stage-specific and long-term effects of the ischemic injury on cardiac ECs, we analyzed their transcriptome at landmark time points after MI in mice. We found that early EC response at Day 2 post-MI centered on metabolic changes, acquisition of proinflammatory phenotypes, initiation of the S phase of cell cycle, and activation of stress-response pathways, followed by progression to mitosis (M/G2 phase) and acquisition of proangiogenic and mesenchymal properties during scar formation at Day 7. In contrast, genes involved in vascular physiology and maintenance of vascular tone were suppressed. Importantly, ECs did not return to pre-injury phenotypes after repair has been completed but maintained inflammatory, fibrotic and thrombotic characteristics and lost circadian rhythmicity. We discovered that the highest induced transcript is the mammalian-specific Sh2d5 gene that promoted migration and invasion of ECs through Rac1 GTPase. Our results revealed a synchronized, temporal activation of disease phenotypes, metabolic pathways, and proliferation in quiescent ECs after MI, indicating that precisely-timed interventions are necessary to optimize cardiac tissue repair and improve outcomes. Furthermore, long-term effects of acute ischemic injury on ECs may contribute to vascular dysfunction and development of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Basu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Presley L Cannon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cassandra P Awgulewitsch
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cristi L Galindo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric R Gamazon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Antonis K Hatzopoulos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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11
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Gong H, Wang T, Sun X, Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Sun W, Zhang Y, Teng P, Hu Y, Hu X, Ma L, Xu Q, Zhao H. Fibroblasts facilitate lymphatic vessel formation in transplanted heart. Theranostics 2024; 14:1886-1908. [PMID: 38505621 PMCID: PMC10945330 DOI: 10.7150/thno.92103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Lymphangiogenesis plays a critical role in the transplanted heart. The remodeling of lymphatics in the transplanted heart and the source of newly formed lymphatic vessels are still controversial, especially the mechanism of lymphangiogenesis remains limited. Methods: Heart transplantation was performed among BALB/c, C57BL/6J, Cag-Cre, Lyve1-CreERT2;Rosa26-tdTomato and Postn(2A-CreERT2-wpre-pA)1;Rosa26-DTA mice. scRNA-seq, Elisa assay, Western blotting, Q-PCR and immunohistochemical staining were used to identify the cells and cell-cell communications of allograft heart. Cell depletion was applied to in vivo and in vitro experiments. Whole-mount staining and three-dimensional reconstruction depicted the cell distribution within transparent transplanted heart. Results: Genetic lineage tracing mice and scRNA-seq analysis have revealed that these newly formed lymphatic vessels mainly originate from recipient LYVE1+ cells. It was found that LECs primarily interact with activated fibroblasts. Inhibition of lymphatic vessel formation using a VEGFR3 inhibitor resulted in a decreased survival time of transplanted hearts. Furthermore, when activated fibroblasts were ablated in transplanted hearts, there was a significant suppression of lymphatic vessel generation, leading to earlier graft failure. Additional investigations have shown that activated fibroblasts promote tube formation of LECs primarily through the activation of various signaling pathways, including VEGFD/VEGFR3, MDK/NCL, and SEMA3C/NRP2. Interestingly, knockdown of VEGFD and MDK in activated fibroblasts impaired cardiac lymphangiogenesis after heart transplantation. Conclusions: Our study indicates that cardiac lymphangiogenesis primarily originates from recipient cells, and activated fibroblasts play a crucial role in facilitating the generation of lymphatic vessels after heart transplantation. These findings provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for enhancing graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gong
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuesheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yichao Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Teng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaosheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haige Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Wang Y, Jiao L, Qiang C, Chen C, Shen Z, Ding F, Lv L, Zhu T, Lu Y, Cui X. The role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in fibrosis diseases and its molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116116. [PMID: 38181715 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a process of tissue repair that results in the slow creation of scar tissue to replace healthy tissue and can affect any tissue or organ. Its primary feature is the massive deposition of extracellular matrix (mainly collagen), eventually leading to tissue dysfunction and organ failure. The progression of fibrotic diseases has put a significant strain on global health and the economy, and as a result, there is an urgent need to find some new therapies. Previous studies have identified that inflammation, oxidative stress, some cytokines, and remodeling play a crucial role in fibrotic diseases and are essential avenues for treating fibrotic diseases. Among them, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are considered the main targets for the treatment of fibrotic diseases since they are the primary driver involved in ECM degradation, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are natural endogenous inhibitors of MMPs. Through previous studies, we found that MMP-9 is an essential target for treating fibrotic diseases. However, it is worth noting that MMP-9 plays a bidirectional regulatory role in different fibrotic diseases or different stages of the same fibrotic disease. Previously identified MMP-9 inhibitors, such as pirfenidone and nintedanib, suffer from some rather pronounced side effects, and therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate new drugs. In this review, we explore the mechanism of action and signaling pathways of MMP-9 in different tissues and organs, hoping to provide some ideas for developing safer and more effective biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Unit, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linke Jiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Unit, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Caoxia Qiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Unit, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zihuan Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Unit, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Unit, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lifei Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular Unit, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Unit, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingdong Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Unit, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Unit, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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13
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Mao Q, Zhang X, Yang J, Kong Q, Cheng H, Yu W, Cao X, Li Y, Li C, Liu L, Ding Z. HSPA12A acts as a scaffolding protein to inhibit cardiac fibroblast activation and cardiac fibrosis. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00025-0. [PMID: 38219869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac fibrosis is the main driver for adverse remodeling and progressive functional decline in nearly all types of heart disease including myocardial infarction (MI). The activation of cardiac fibroblasts (CF) into myofibroblasts is responsible for cardiac fibrosis. Unfortunately, no ideal approach for controlling CF activation currently exists. OBJECTIVES This study investigated the role of Heat shock protein A12A (HSPA12A), an atypical member of the HSP70 family, in CF activation and MI-induced cardiac fibrosis. METHODS Primary CF and Hspa12a knockout mice were used in the experiments. CF activation was indicated by the upregulation of myofibroblast characters including alpha-Smooth muscle actin (αSMA), Collagen, and Fibronectin. Cardiac fibrosis was illustrated by Masson's trichrome and picrosirius staining. Cardiac function was examined using echocardiography. Glycolytic activity was indicated by levels of extracellular lactate and the related protein expression. Protein stability was examined following cycloheximide and MG132 treatment. Protein-protein interaction was examined by immunoprecipitation-immunoblotting analysis. RESULTS HSPA12A displayed a high expression level in quiescent CF but showed a decreased expression in activated CF, while ablation of HSPA12A in mice promoted CF activation and cardiac fibrosis following MI. HSPA12A overexpression inhibited the activation of primary CF through inhibiting glycolysis, while HSPA12A knockdown showed the opposite effects. Moreover, HSPA12A upregulated the protein expression of transcription factor p53, by which mediated the HSPA12A-induced inhibition of glycolysis and CF activation. Mechanistically, this action of HSPA12A was achieved by acting as a scaffolding protein to bind p53 and ubiquitin specific protease 10 (USP10), thereby promoting the USP10-mediated p53 protein stability and the p53-medicated glycolysis inhibition. CONCLUSION The present study provided clear evidence that HSPA12A is a novel endogenous inhibitor of CF activation and cardiac fibrosis. Targeting HSPA12A in CF could represent a promising strategy for the management of cardiac fibrosis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jinna Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qiuyue Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Wansu Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiaofei Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Chuanfu Li
- Departments of Surgery, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Zhengnian Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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14
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Wang Q, Spurlock B, Liu J, Qian L. Fibroblast Reprogramming in Cardiac Repair. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:145-160. [PMID: 38362341 PMCID: PMC10864899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Limited proliferative capacity of adult mammalian cardiomyocytes has prompted researchers to exploit regenerative therapy after myocardial injury, such as myocardial infarction, to attenuate heart dysfunction caused by such injury. Direct cardiac reprogramming is a recently emerged promising approach to repair damaged myocardium by directly converting resident cardiac fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells. The achievement of in vivo direct reprogramming of fibroblasts has been shown, by multiple laboratories independently, to improve cardiac function and mitigate fibrosis post-myocardial infarction, which holds great potential for clinical application. There have been numerous pieces of valuable work in both basic and translational research to enhance our understanding and continued refinement of direct cardiac reprogramming in recent years. However, there remain many challenges to overcome before we can truly take advantage of this technique to treat patients with ischemic cardiac diseases. Here, we review recent progress of fibroblast reprogramming in cardiac repair, including the optimization of several reprogramming strategies, mechanistic exploration, and translational efforts, and we make recommendations for future research to further understand and translate direct cardiac reprogramming from bench to bedside. Challenges relating to these efforts will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozi Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian Spurlock
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jiandong Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Ritterhoff J, Tian R. Metabolic mechanisms in physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy: new paradigms and challenges. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:812-829. [PMID: 37237146 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac metabolism is vital for heart function. Given that cardiac contraction requires a continuous supply of ATP in large quantities, the role of fuel metabolism in the heart has been mostly considered from the perspective of energy production. However, the consequence of metabolic remodelling in the failing heart is not limited to a compromised energy supply. The rewired metabolic network generates metabolites that can directly regulate signalling cascades, protein function, gene transcription and epigenetic modifications, thereby affecting the overall stress response of the heart. In addition, metabolic changes in both cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes contribute to the development of cardiac pathologies. In this Review, we first summarize how energy metabolism is altered in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure of different aetiologies, followed by a discussion of emerging concepts in cardiac metabolic remodelling, that is, the non-energy-generating function of metabolism. We highlight challenges and open questions in these areas and finish with a brief perspective on how mechanistic research can be translated into therapies for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ritterhoff
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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16
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Garvin AM, Katwa LC. Primary cardiac fibroblast cell culture: methodological considerations for physiologically relevant conditions. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H869-H881. [PMID: 37624100 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00224.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Primary cardiac fibroblast (CF) tissue culture is a necessary tool for interrogating specific signaling mechanisms that dictate the phenotypic heterogeneity observed in vivo in different disease states. Traditional approaches that use tissue culture plastic and nutrient-rich medium have been shown to induce CF activation and, therefore, alter CF subpopulation composition. This shift away from in vivo phenotypes complicate the interpretation of results through the lens of the animal model. As the field works to identify CF diversity, these methodological flaws have begun to be addressed and more studies are focused on the dynamic interaction of CFs with their environment. This review focuses on the aspects of tissue culture that impact CF activation and, therefore, require consideration when designing in vitro experiments. The complexity of CF biology overlaid onto diverse model systems highlight the need for study-specific optimization and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Garvin
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Laxmansa C Katwa
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
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17
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Hou ZS, Liu MQ, Wen HS, Gao QF, Li Z, Yang XD, Xiang KW, Yang Q, Hu X, Qian MZ, Li JF. Identification, characterization, and transcription of serotonin receptors in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in response to bacterial infection and salinity changes. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:125930. [PMID: 37481174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Serotonergic system is involved in the regulation of physiological functions and behavioral traits including cognition, memory, aggression, stress coping, appetite and immunomodulation. Serotonin exerts its functions via binding distinct serotonin receptors which are classified into 7 groups. Salmonid exhibits expanded functional gene copies due to salmonid-specific whole genome duplication. However, serotonin receptor (htr) repertoire is not fully identified in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In this study, we identified 39 htr genes, including 14 htr1, 4 htr2, 4 htr2 like, 3 htr3, 4 htr4, 2 htr5, 2 htr6, and 6 htr7 subtypes. We investigated physiological functions of serotonin receptors in response to bacterial pathogens exposure and salinity changes. We showed htr1, htr2, htr4 and htr7 subtypes were associated with immunomodulation in response to Vibrio anguillarum or Aeromonas salmonicida infection. Saltwater (salinity of 15) transfer significantly altered htr1, htr2, htr4, and htr7 subtypes, suggesting trout Htr was associated with osmoregulation. We further showed residues interacted with inverse agonist (methiothepin) and serotonin analogue (5-Carboxamidotryptamine) were conserved between trout and human, suggesting exogenous ligands targeting human HTRs might have a role in aquaculture. This study showed duplicated trout Htrs might be physiologically neofunctionalized and potentially exhibit pleiotropic effects in regulating immunomodulation and osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Shuai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Meng-Qun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hai-Shen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Qin-Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Zhao Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kai-Wen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Meng-Zhi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ji-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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18
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Lindsey ML, Becirovic‐Agic M. Skin wound healing as a mirror to cardiac wound healing. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1003-1010. [PMID: 37093202 PMCID: PMC10948174 DOI: 10.1113/ep090888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? Wound healing is a general response of the body to injury and can be divided into three phases: inflammation, inflammation resolution and repair. In this review, we compare the wound-healing response of the skin after an injury and the wound-healing response of the heart after a myocardial infarction. What advances does it highlight? We highlight differences and similarities between skin and cardiac wound healing and summarize how skin can be used to provide information about the heart. ABSTRACT Wound healing is a general response of the body to injury. All organs share in common three response elements to wound healing: inflammation to prevent infection and stimulate the removal of dead cells, active anti-inflammatory signalling to turn off the inflammatory response, and a repair phase characterized by extracellular matrix scar formation. The extent of scar formed depends on the ability of endogenous cells that populate each organ to regenerate. The skin has keratinocytes that have regenerative capacity, and in general, wounds are fully re-epithelialized. Heart, in contrast, has cardiac myocytes that have little to no regenerative capacity, and necrotic myocytes are entirely replaced by scars. Despite differences in tissue regeneration, the skin and heart share many wound-healing properties that can be exploited to predict the cardiac response to pathology. We summarize in this review article our current understanding of how the response of the skin to a wounding event can inform us about the ability of the myocardium to respond to a myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L. Lindsey
- School of Graduate StudiesMeharry Medical CollegeNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Research ServiceNashville VA Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Mediha Becirovic‐Agic
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Medical Cell BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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19
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Mouton AJ, Aitken NM, Moak SP, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Omoto ACM, Li X, Wang Z, Schrimpe-Rutledge AC, Codreanu SG, Sherrod SD, McLean JA, Hall JE. Temporal changes in glucose metabolism reflect polarization in resident and monocyte-derived macrophages after myocardial infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1136252. [PMID: 37215542 PMCID: PMC10196495 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1136252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic reprogramming from glycolysis to the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation may mediate macrophage polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. We hypothesized that changes in cardiac macrophage glucose metabolism would reflect polarization status after myocardial infarction (MI), ranging from the early inflammatory phase to the later wound healing phase. Methods MI was induced by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery in adult male C57BL/6J mice for 1 (D1), 3 (D3), or 7 (D7) days. Infarct macrophages were subjected to metabolic flux analysis or gene expression analysis. Monocyte versus resident cardiac macrophage metabolism was assessed using mice lacking the Ccr2 gene (CCR2 KO). Results By flow cytometry and RT-PCR, D1 macrophages exhibited an M1 phenotype while D7 macrophages exhibited an M2 phenotype. Macrophage glycolysis (extracellular acidification rate) was increased at D1 and D3, returning to basal levels at D7. Glucose oxidation (oxygen consumption rate) was decreased at D3, returning to basal levels at D7. At D1, glycolytic genes were elevated (Gapdh, Ldha, Pkm2), while TCA cycle genes were elevated at D3 (Idh1 and Idh2) and D7 (Pdha1, Idh1/2, Sdha/b). Surprisingly, Slc2a1 and Hk1/2 were increased at D7, as well as pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) genes (G6pdx, G6pd2, Pgd, Rpia, Taldo1), indicating increased PPP activity. Macrophages from CCR2 KO mice showed decreased glycolysis and increased glucose oxidation at D3, and decreases in Ldha and Pkm2 expression. Administration of dichloroacetate, a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor, robustly decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphorylation in the non-infarcted remote zone, but did not affect macrophage phenotype or metabolism in the infarct zone. Discussion Our results indicate that changes in glucose metabolism and the PPP underlie macrophage polarization following MI, and that metabolic reprogramming is a key feature of monocyte-derived but not resident macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
| | - Nikaela M. Aitken
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
| | - Sydney P. Moak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
| | - Jussara M. do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
| | - Alexandre A. da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
| | - Ana C. M. Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
| | | | - Simona G. Codreanu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Stacy D. Sherrod
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John A. McLean
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovative Technology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John E. Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, United States
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20
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Yin X, Yin X, Pan X, Zhang J, Fan X, Li J, Zhai X, Jiang L, Hao P, Wang J, Chen Y. Post-myocardial infarction fibrosis: Pathophysiology, examination, and intervention. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1070973. [PMID: 37056987 PMCID: PMC10086160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1070973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis plays an indispensable role in cardiac tissue homeostasis and repair after myocardial infarction (MI). The cardiac fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation and extracellular matrix collagen deposition are the hallmarks of cardiac fibrosis, which are modulated by multiple signaling pathways and various types of cells in time-dependent manners. Our understanding of the development of cardiac fibrosis after MI has evolved in basic and clinical researches, and the regulation of fibrotic remodeling may facilitate novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and finally improve outcomes. Here, we aim to elaborate pathophysiology, examination and intervention of cardiac fibrosis after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Yin
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxin Yin
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinhui Fan
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhai
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Panpan Hao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiali Wang, ; Yuguo Chen,
| | - Yuguo Chen
- Department of Emergency and Chest Pain Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong University, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jiali Wang, ; Yuguo Chen,
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21
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ZANG GY, YIN Q, SHAO C, SUN Z, ZHANG LL, XU Y, LI LH, WANG ZQ. CD137 signaling aggravates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting mitophagy mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Geriatr Cardiol 2023; 20:223-237. [PMID: 37091265 PMCID: PMC10114197 DOI: 10.26599/1671-5411.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory response caused by the NLRP3 is closely related to the formation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Costimulatory receptor CD137 and its ligand play a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory immune response in atherosclerosis, which is the fundamental cause of cardiovascular diseases. However, the roles of CD137 signaling in the process of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury remain unknown. METHODS Genetic ablation was used to determine the functional significance of CD137 in myocardial IR injury. Expression of CD137 was examined by Western-blot, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry in a murine IR model by coronary artery ligation. Even's blue-TTC staining and echocardiography to evaluate the severity of myocardial IR injury. Furthermore, HL-1 cardiomyocytes treated with agonist-CD137 recombinant protein were used to explore the underlying mechanism in CD137 signaling-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to hypoxia/reoxygenation or LPS/ATP. RESULTS We demonstrated that CD137 knockout significantly improved cardiac function, accompanied by a markedly reduced NLRP3-mediated inflammatory response and IA/AAR which were reversed by mitophagy inhibitor Mdivi-1. Activating CD137 signaling significantly inhibited mitophagy and provoked NLRP3-mediated inflammatory response in H/R-injured or LPS-primed and ATP-stimulated HL-1 cardiomyocytes, the effects of which could be abolished by either anti-CD137 or mitophagy activator FCCP. Besides, mitochondrial ROS was augmented by activating CD137 signaling through the suppression of mitophagy. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that activating CD137 signaling aggravates myocardial IR injury by upregulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation via suppressing mitophagy and promoting mtROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yao ZANG
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Qing YIN
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen SHAO
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhen SUN
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li-Li ZHANG
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yao XU
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li-Hua LI
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Zhong-Qun WANG
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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22
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González-Herrera F, Anfossi R, Catalán M, Gutiérrez-Figueroa R, Maya JD, Díaz-Araya G, Vivar R. Lipoxin A4 prevents high glucose-induced inflammatory response in cardiac fibroblast through FOXO1 inhibition. Cell Signal 2023; 106:110657. [PMID: 36933776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac cells respond to various pathophysiological stimuli, synthesizing inflammatory molecules that allow tissue repair and proper functioning of the heart; however, perpetuation of the inflammatory response can lead to cardiac fibrosis and heart dysfunction. High concentration of glucose (HG) induces an inflammatory and fibrotic response in the heart. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are resident cells of the heart that respond to deleterious stimuli, increasing the synthesis and secretion of both fibrotic and proinflammatory molecules. The molecular mechanisms that regulate inflammation in CFs are unknown, thus, it is important to find new targets that allow improving treatments for HG-induced cardiac dysfunction. NFκB is the master regulator of inflammation, while FoxO1 is a new participant in the inflammatory response, including inflammation induced by HG; however, its role in the inflammatory response of CFs is unknown. The inflammation resolution is essential for an effective tissue repair and recovery of the organ function. Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) is an anti-inflammatory agent with cytoprotective effects, while its cardioprotective effects have not been fully studied. Thus, in this study, we analyze the role of p65/NFκB, and FoxO1 in CFs inflammation induced by HG, evaluating the anti-inflammatory properties of LXA4. Our results demonstrated that HG induces the inflammatory response in CFs, using an in vitro and ex vivo model, while FoxO1 inhibition and silencing prevented HG effects. Additionally, LXA4 inhibited the activation of FoxO1 and p65/NFκB, and inflammation of CFs induced by HG. Therefore, our results suggest that FoxO1 and LXA4 could be novel drug targets for the treatment of HG-induced inflammatory and fibrotic disorders in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola González-Herrera
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renatto Anfossi
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mabel Catalán
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renata Gutiérrez-Figueroa
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Diego Maya
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- Department of Pharmacological & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Raúl Vivar
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pharmacological & Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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23
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Hume RD, Deshmukh T, Doan T, Shim WJ, Kanagalingam S, Tallapragada V, Rashid F, Marcuello M, Blessing D, Selvakumar D, Raguram K, Pathan F, Graham D, Ounzain S, Kizana E, Harvey RP, Palpant NJ, Chong JJ. PDGF-AB Reduces Myofibroblast Differentiation Without Increasing Proliferation After Myocardial Infarction. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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24
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Chalise U, Becirovic-Agic M, Rodriguez-Paar JR, Konfrst SR, de Morais SDB, Johnson CS, Flynn ER, Hall ME, Anderson DR, Cook LM, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Lindsey ML. Harnessing the Plasma Proteome to Mirror Current and Predict Future Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:3-16. [PMID: 36197585 PMCID: PMC9944212 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-022-10326-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To identify plasma proteins that mirror current and predict future remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI), we retrospectively interrogated plasma proteomes of day (D)0 control (n = 16) and D3 MI (n = 15) from C57BL/6 J mice (20 ± 1 months). A total of 165 unique proteins were correlated with cardiac physiology variables. We prospectively tested the hypothesis that candidates identified retrospectively would predict cardiac physiology at an extended timepoint (D7 MI) in a second cohort of mice (n = 4 ± 1 months). We also examined human plasma from healthy controls (n = 18) and patients 48 h after presentation for MI (n = 41). Retrospectively, we identified 5 strong reflectors of remodeling (all r ≥ 0.60 and p < 0.05). Prospectively, ApoA1, IgA, IL-17E, and TIMP-1 mirrored current and predicted future remodeling. In humans, cytokine-cytokine receptor signaling was the top enriched KEGG pathway for all candidates. In summary, we identified plasma proteins that serve as useful prognostic indicators of adverse remodeling and progression to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Chalise
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mediha Becirovic-Agic
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Jocelyn R Rodriguez-Paar
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Shelby R Konfrst
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sharon D B de Morais
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Catherine S Johnson
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Flynn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Michael E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Daniel R Anderson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Leah M Cook
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29401, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr DB Todd Jr Blvd, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA.
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25
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Rai V, Moellmer R, Agrawal DK. Role of fibroblast plasticity and heterogeneity in modulating angiogenesis and healing in the diabetic foot ulcer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1913-1929. [PMID: 36528662 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are an important clinical issue faced by clinicians despite the advanced treatment strategies consisting of wound debridement, off-loading, medication, wound dressings, and keeping the ulcer clean. Non-healing DFUs are associated with the risk of amputation, increased morbidity and mortality, and economic stress. Neo-angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation are necessary for physiological DFU healing and acute inflammation play a key role in healing. However, chronic inflammation in association with diabetic complications holds the ulcer in the inflammatory phase without progressing to the resolution phase contributing to non-healing. Fibroblasts acquiring myofibroblasts phenotype contribute to granulation tissue formation and angiogenesis. However, recent studies suggest the presence of five subtypes of fibroblast population and of changing density in non-healing DFUs. Further, the association of fibroblast plasticity and heterogeneity with wound healing suggests that the switch in fibroblast phenotype may affect wound healing. The fibroblast phenotype shift and altered function may be due to the presence of chronic inflammation or a diabetic wound microenvironment. This review focuses on the role of fibroblast plasticity and heterogeneity, the effect of hyperglycemia and inflammatory cytokines on fibroblasts, and the interaction of fibroblasts with other cells in diabetic wound microenvironment in the perspective of DFU healing. Next, we summarize secretory, angiogenic, and angiostatic phenotypes of fibroblast which have been discussed in other organ systems but not in relation to DFUs followed by the perspective on the role of their phenotypes in promoting angiogenesis in DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 91766, Pomona, CA, USA.
| | - Rebecca Moellmer
- College of Podiatric Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, 91766, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 91766, Pomona, CA, USA
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26
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Li T, Yan Z, Fan Y, Fan X, Li A, Qi Z, Zhang J. Cardiac repair after myocardial infarction: A two-sided role of inflammation-mediated. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1077290. [PMID: 36698953 PMCID: PMC9868426 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1077290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and the development of new treatments can help reduce the size of myocardial infarction and prevent adverse cardiovascular events. Cardiac repair after myocardial infarction can effectively remove necrotic tissue, induce neovascularization, and ultimately replace granulation tissue. Cardiac inflammation is the primary determinant of whether beneficial cardiac repair occurs after myocardial infarction. Immune cells mediate inflammatory responses and play a dual role in injury and protection during cardiac repair. After myocardial infarction, genetic ablation or blocking of anti-inflammatory pathways is often harmful. However, enhancing endogenous anti-inflammatory pathways or blocking endogenous pro-inflammatory pathways may improve cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. A deficiency of neutrophils or monocytes does not improve overall cardiac function after myocardial infarction but worsens it and aggravates cardiac fibrosis. Several factors are critical in regulating inflammatory genes and immune cells' phenotypes, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs. Therefore, strict control and timely suppression of the inflammatory response, finding a balance between inflammatory cells, preventing excessive tissue degradation, and avoiding infarct expansion can effectively reduce the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction. This article reviews the involvement of neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and regulatory T cells in cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. After myocardial infarction, neutrophils are the first to be recruited to the damaged site to engulf necrotic cell debris and secrete chemokines that enhance monocyte recruitment. Monocytes then infiltrate the infarct site and differentiate into macrophages and they release proteases and cytokines that are harmful to surviving myocardial cells in the pre-infarct period. As time progresses, apoptotic neutrophils are cleared, the recruitment of anti-inflammatory monocyte subsets, the polarization of macrophages toward the repair phenotype, and infiltration of regulatory T cells, which secrete anti-inflammatory factors that stimulate angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation for cardiac repair. We also explored how epigenetic modifications regulate the phenotype of inflammatory genes and immune cells to promote cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. This paper also elucidates the roles of alarmin S100A8/A9, secreted frizzled-related protein 1, and podoplanin in the inflammatory response and cardiac repair after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajie Fan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinbiao Fan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Aolin Li
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongwen Qi
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Zhongwen Qi,
| | - Junping Zhang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China,Junping Zhang,
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27
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Xiao Y, Feng Q, Huang L, Meng X, Han P, Zhang W, Kang YJ. Copper promotes cardiac functional recovery via suppressing the transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts in ischemia-infarcted monkey hearts. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 111:109180. [PMID: 36240958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia leads to cardiac fibrosis along with copper (Cu) loss. Cu repletion diminishes myocardial fibrosis and improves cardiac function. The transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts is highly responsible for the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that Cu inhibition of cardiac fibrosis results from suppression of myofibroblasts. Rhesus monkeys 4-5 years old were subjected to coronary artery ligation to induce myocardial infarction (MI). At the end of the fourth week after the surgery, an ultrasound-directed Cu-albumin microbubble organ-specific Cu delivery technique was used to treat the ischemia-infarcted monkey hearts twice a week for 4 weeks. This treatment increased Cu concentrations in the infarct area, loosened the collagen cross-linking network, restored blood vessel density, and improved cardiac contractility. Total fibroblasts labeled with vimentin were increased in the infarct area, and Cu repletion did not alter this increase. Myofibroblasts, dually labeled with vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), were also significantly increased in the infarct area but were significantly reduced by Cu repletion. Correspondingly, the products of myofibroblasts, type I and III collagens and inhibitors of collagenases were significantly reduced. In contrast, metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-1 producing fibroblasts (vimentin+ and MMP-1+ cells) were significantly increased. These results suggest that Cu inhibits the transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, leading to a pro-fibrinolytic switch and an improvement in cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiao
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qipu Feng
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Huang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Meng
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pengfei Han
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Genomics & Informatics, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yujian James Kang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Tennessee Institute of Regenerative Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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28
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Chalise U, Becirovic‐Agic M, Lindsey ML. The cardiac wound healing response to myocardial infarction. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1584. [PMID: 36634913 PMCID: PMC10077990 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as evidence of myocardial necrosis consistent with prolonged ischemia. In response to MI, the myocardium undergoes a series of wound healing events that initiate inflammation and shift to anti-inflammation before transitioning to tissue repair that culminates in scar formation to replace the region of the necrotic myocardium. The overall response to MI is determined by two major steps, the first of which is the secretion of proteases by infiltrating leukocytes to breakdown extracellular matrix (ECM) components, a necessary step to remove necrotic cardiomyocytes. The second step is the generation of new ECM that comprises the scar; and this step is governed by the cardiac fibroblasts as the major source of new ECM synthesis. The leukocyte component resides in the middle of the two-step process, contributing to both sides as the leukocytes transition from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory and reparative cell phenotypes. The balance between the two steps determines the final quantity and quality of scar formed, which in turn contributes to chronic outcomes following MI, including the progression to heart failure. This review will summarize our current knowledge regarding the cardiac wound healing response to MI, primarily focused on experimental models of MI in mice. This article is categorized under: Cardiovascular Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Immune System Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Chalise
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular ResearchUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Research ServiceNebraska‐Western Iowa Health Care SystemOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Mediha Becirovic‐Agic
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular ResearchUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Research ServiceNebraska‐Western Iowa Health Care SystemOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Merry L. Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular ResearchUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Research ServiceNebraska‐Western Iowa Health Care SystemOmahaNebraskaUSA
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Loss of KDM5B ameliorates pathological cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction by epigenetically enhancing ATF3 expression. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:2175-2187. [PMID: 36481938 PMCID: PMC9794816 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive cardiac fibrosis is central to adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction leading to heart failure in many cardiac diseases. Histone methylation plays a crucial role in various pathophysiological events. However, the role of histone methylation modification enzymes in pathological cardiac fibrosis needs to be fully elucidated. Here, we identified lysine demethylase 5B (KDM5B), a histone H3K4me2/me3 demethylase, as a key epigenetic mediator of pathological cardiac fibrosis. KDM5B expression was upregulated in cardiac fibroblasts and myocardial tissues in response to pathological stress. KDM5B deficiency markedly ameliorated cardiac fibrosis, improved cardiac function, and prevented adverse cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) or pressure overload. KDM5B knockout or inhibitor treatment constrained the transition of cardiac fibroblasts to profibrogenic myofibroblasts and suppressed fibrotic responses. KDM5B deficiency also facilitated the transformation of cardiac fibroblasts to endothelial-like cells and promoted angiogenesis in response to myocardial injury. Mechanistically, KDM5B bound to the promoter of activating transcription factor 3 (Atf3), an antifibrotic regulator of cardiac fibrosis, and inhibited ATF3 expression by demethylating the activated H3K4me2/3 modification, leading to the enhanced activation of TGF-β signaling and excessive expression of profibrotic genes. Our study indicates that KDM5B drives pathological cardiac fibrosis and represents a candidate target for intervention in cardiac dysfunction and heart failure.
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Littig JPB, Moellmer R, Estes AM, Agrawal DK, Rai V. Increased Population of CD40+ Fibroblasts Is Associated with Impaired Wound Healing and Chronic Inflammation in Diabetic Foot Ulcers. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6335. [PMID: 36362563 PMCID: PMC9654055 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advancement in the treatment, nonhealing diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are an important clinical issue accounting for increased morbidity and risk of amputation. Persistent inflammation, decreased granulation tissue formation, decreased neo-angiogenesis, and infections are common underlying causes of the nonhealing pattern. Fibroblasts play a critical role in granulation tissue formation and angiogenesis and mediate wound healing how fibroblasts regulate inflammation in nonhealing DFUs is a question to ponder. This study aims to investigate the expression of a de-differentiated subpopulation of fibroblasts which are CD40+ (secretory fibroblasts) and increased secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 but have never been reported in DFUs. We characterized 11 DFU tissues and nearby clean tissues histologically and for the presence of inflammation and CD40+ fibroblasts using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. The results revealed significantly increased density of CD40+ fibroblasts and differential expression of mediators of inflammation in DFU tissues compared to clean tissue. Increased expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in DFU tissues along with CD40+ fibroblast suggest that CD40+ fibroblasts in DFUs contribute to the chronicity of inflammation and targeting fibroblasts phenotypic switch to decrease secretory fibroblasts may have therapeutic significance to promote healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Moellmer
- College of Podiatry, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Adrienne M. Estes
- College of Podiatry, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Devendra K. Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Xiang K, Yang Q, Liu M, Yang X, Li J, Hou Z, Wen H. Crosstalk between Growth and Osmoregulation of GHRH-SST-GH-IGF Axis in Triploid Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158691. [PMID: 35955823 PMCID: PMC9369269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Smolting is an important development stage of salmonid, and an energy trade-off occurs between osmotic regulation and growth during smolting in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Growth hormone releasing hormone, somatostatin, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor (GHRH-SST-GH-IGF) axis exhibit pleiotropic effects in regulating growth and osmotic adaptation. Due to salmonid specific genome duplication, increased paralogs are identified in the ghrh-sst-gh-igf axis, however, their physiology in modulating osmoregulation has yet to be investigated. In this study, seven sst genes (sst1a, sst1b, sst2, sst3a, sst3b, sst5, sst6) were identified in trout. We further investigated the ghrh-sst-gh-igf axis of diploid and triploid trout in response to seawater challenge. Kidney sst (sst1b, sst2, sst5) and sstr (sstr1b1, sstr5a, sstr5b) expressions were changed (more than 2-fold increase (except for sstr5a with 1.99-fold increase) or less than 0.5-fold decrease) due to osmoregulation, suggesting a pleiotropic physiology of SSTs in modulating growth and smoltification. Triploid trout showed significantly down-regulated brain sstr1b1 and igfbp2a1 (p < 0.05), while diploid trout showed up-regulated brain igfbp1a1 (~2.61-fold, p = 0.057) and igfbp2a subtypes (~1.38-fold, p < 0.05), suggesting triploid trout exhibited a better acclimation to the seawater environment. The triploid trout showed up-regulated kidney igfbp5a subtypes (~6.62 and 7.25-fold, p = 0.099 and 0.078) and significantly down-regulated igfbp5b2 (~0.37-fold, p < 0.05), showing a conserved physiology of teleost IGFBP5a in regulating osmoregulation. The IGFBP6 subtypes are involved in energy and nutritional regulation. Distinctive igfbp6 subtypes patterns (p < 0.05) potentially indicated trout triggered energy redistribution in brain and kidney during osmoregulatory regulation. In conclusion, we showed that the GHRH-SST-GH-IGF axis exhibited pleiotropic effects in regulating growth and osmoregulatory regulation during trout smolting, which might provide new insights into seawater aquaculture of salmonid species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhishuai Hou
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-133-4524-7715 (Z.H.); +86-532-8203-1825 (H.W.)
| | - Haishen Wen
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-133-4524-7715 (Z.H.); +86-532-8203-1825 (H.W.)
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Santos GL, DeGrave AN, Rehman A, Al Disi S, Xhaxho K, Schröder H, Bao G, Meyer T, Tiburcy M, Dworatzek E, Zimmermann WH, Lutz S. Using different geometries to modulate the cardiac fibroblast phenotype and the biomechanical properties of engineered connective tissues. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:213041. [PMID: 35909053 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering with human cardiac fibroblasts (CF) allows identifying novel mechanisms and anti-fibrotic drugs in the context of cardiac fibrosis. However, substantial knowledge on the influences of the used materials and tissue geometries on tissue properties and cell phenotypes is necessary to be able to choose an appropriate model for a specific research question. As there is a clear lack of information on how CF react to the mold architecture in engineered connective tissues (ECT), we first compared the effect of two mold geometries and materials with different hardnesses on the biomechanical properties of ECT. We could show that ECT, which formed around two distant poles (non-uniform model) were less stiff and more strain-resistant than ECT, which formed around a central rod (uniform model), independent of the materials used for poles and rods. Next, we investigated the cell state and could demonstrate that in the uniform versus non-uniform model, the embedded cells have a higher cell cycle activity and display a more pronounced myofibroblast phenotype. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that uniform ECT displayed a fibrosis-associated gene signature similar to the diseased heart. Furthermore, we were able to identify important relationships between cell and tissue characteristics, as well as between biomechanical tissue parameters by implementing cells from normal heart and end-stage heart failure explants from patients with ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy. Finally, we show that the application of pro- and anti-fibrotic factors in the non-uniform and uniform model, respectively, is not sufficient to mimic the effect of the other geometry. Taken together, we demonstrate that modifying the mold geometry in tissue engineering with CF offers the possibility to compare different cellular phenotypes and biomechanical tissue properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela L Santos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Alisa N DeGrave
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sara Al Disi
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kristin Xhaxho
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - Helen Schröder
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany
| | - Guobin Bao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tim Meyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Malte Tiburcy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Elke Dworatzek
- Charité - Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, and Berliner Institute of Health, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Goettingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Goettingen, Germany; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Germany
| | - Susanne Lutz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) partner site, Goettingen, Germany.
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Wang XH, Guo W, Qiu W, Ao LQ, Yao MW, Xing W, Yu Y, Chen Q, Wu XF, Li Z, Hu XT, Xu X. Fibroblast-like cells Promote Wound Healing via PD-L1-mediated Inflammation Resolution. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:4388-4399. [PMID: 35864974 PMCID: PMC9295062 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.69890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic non-healing wounds fail to progress beyond the inflammatory phase, characterized by a disorder of inflammation resolution. PD-1/PD-L1, a major co-inhibitory checkpoint signaling, plays critical roles in tumor immune surveillance and the occurrence of inflammatory or autoimmune diseases, but its roles in wound healing remains unclear. Here, we described a novel function of PD-L1 in fibroblast-like cells as a positive regulator of wound healing. PD-L1 dynamically expressed on the fibroblast-like cells in the granulation tissue during wound healing to form a wound immunosuppressive microenvironment, modulate macrophages polarization from M1-type to M2-type, and initiates resolution of inflammation, finally accelerate wound healing. Loss of PD-L1 delayed wound healing, especially in mice with LPS-induced severe inflammation. Furthermore, the mainly regulatory mechanism is that combination of FGF-2 and TGF-β1 promotes PD-L1 translation in fibroblasts through enhancing the eIF4E availability regulated by both PI3K-AKT-mTOR-4EBP1 and p38-ERK-MNK signaling pathways. Our results reveal the positive role of PD-L1 in wound healing, and provide a new strategy for the treatment of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Wang
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China.,College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China.,Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, P.R. China
| | - Luo-Quan Ao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Wei Yao
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Quan Chen
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Zhan Li
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Ting Hu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Xian H. Identifying Genes Related to Acute Myocardial Infarction Based on Network Control Capability. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071238. [PMID: 35886020 PMCID: PMC9322919 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying genes significantly related to diseases is a focus in the study of disease mechanisms. In this paper, from the perspective of integrated analysis and dynamic control, a method for identifying genes significantly related to diseases based on logic networks constructed by the LAPP method, referred to as NCCM, is proposed and applied to the study of the mechanism of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It is found that 82.35% of 17 differential control capability genes (DCCGs) identified by NCCM are significantly correlated with AMI/MI in the literature and DISEASES database. The enrichment analysis of DCCGs shows that AMI is closely related to the positive regulation of vascular-associated smooth muscle cell proliferation and regulation of cytokine production involved in the immune response, in which HBEGF, THBS1, NR4A3, NLRP3, EDN1, and MMP9 play a crucial role. In addition, although the expression levels of CNOT6L and ACYP1 are not significantly different between the control group and the AMI group, NCCM shows that they are significantly associated with AMI. Although this result still needs further verification, it shows that the method can not only identify genes with large differences in expression but also identify genes that are associated with diseases but with small changes in expression.
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Yu F, Hou ZS, Luo HR, Cui XF, Xiao J, Kim YB, Li JL, Feng WR, Tang YK, Li HX, Su SY, Song CY, Wang MY, Xu P. Zinc alters behavioral phenotypes, neurotransmitter signatures, and immune homeostasis in male zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 828:154099. [PMID: 35240190 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities discharge zinc into aquatic ecosystems, and the effects of long-term and low-concentration zinc exposure on fish behavior are unclear. We evaluated the behavior and physiology of male zebrafish (Danio rerio) after a 6-week exposure to 1.0 or 1.5 ppm (mg/L) zinc chloride. The exposure caused anxiety-like behaviors and altered the social preferences in both exposure groups. Analysis of transcriptional changes suggested that in the brain, zinc exerted heterogenetic effects on immune and neurotransmitter functions. Exposure to 1.0 ppm zinc chloride resulted in constitutive immune dyshomeostasis, while exposure to 1.5 ppm zinc chloride impaired the neurotransmitter glutamate. In the intestine, zinc dysregulated self-renewal of intestinal cells, a potential loss of defense function. Moreover, exposure to 1.5 ppm zinc chloride suppressed intestinal immune functions and dysregulated tyrosine metabolism. These behavioral alterations suggested that the underlying mechanisms were distinct and concentration-specific. Overall, environmental levels of zinc can alter male zebrafish behaviors by dysregulating neurotransmitter and immunomodulation signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Zhi-Shuai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hong-Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xue-Fan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Young-Bum Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jian-Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Wen-Rong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yong-Kai Tang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hong-Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Sheng-Yan Su
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Chang-You Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Mei-Yao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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Gpx3 and Egr1 Are Involved in Regulating the Differentiation Fate of Cardiac Fibroblasts under Pressure Overload. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3235250. [PMID: 35799890 PMCID: PMC9256463 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3235250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Although myocardial fibrosis is a common pathophysiological process associated with many heart diseases, the molecular mechanisms regulating the development of fibrosis have not been fully determined. Recently, single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis has been used to examine cellular fate and function during cellular differentiation and has contributed to elucidating the mechanisms of various diseases. The main purpose of this study was to characterize the fate of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and the dynamic gene expression patterns in a model of cardiac pressure overload using scRNA-seq analysis. Methods The public scRNA-seq dataset of the transverse aortic coarctation (TAC) model in mice was downloaded from the GEO database, GSE155882. First, we performed quality control, dimensionality reduction, clustering, and annotation of the data through the Seurat R package (v4.0.5). Then, we constructed the pseudotime trajectory of cell development and identified key regulatory genes using the Monocle R package (v2.22.0). Different cell fates and groups were fully characterized by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis and Transcription factor (TF) activity analysis. Finally, we used Cytoscape (3.9.1) to extensively examine the gene regulatory network related to cell fate. Results Pseudotime analysis showed that CFs differentiated into two distinct cell fates, one of which produced activated myofibroblasts, and the other which produced protective cells that were associated with reduced fibrosis levels, increased antioxidative stress responses, and the ability to promote angiogenesis. In the TAC model, activated CFs were significantly upregulated, while protective cells were downregulated. Treatment with the bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 reversed this change and improved fibrosis. Analysis of dynamic gene expression revealed that Gpx3 was significantly upregulated during cell differentiation into protective cells. Gpx3 expression was affected by JQ1 treatment. Furthermore, Gpx3 expression levels were negatively correlated with the different levels of fibrosis observed in the various treatment groups. Finally, we found that transcription factors Jun, Fos, Atf3, and Egr1 were upregulated in protective cells, especially Egr1 was predicted to be involved in the regulation of genes related to antioxidant stress and angiogenesis, suggesting a role in promoting differentiation into this cell phenotype. Conclusions The scRNA-seq analysis was used to characterize the dynamic changes associated with fibroblast differentiation and identified Gpx3 as a factor that might be involved in the regulation of myocardial fibrosis under cardiac pressure overload. These findings will help to further understanding of the mechanism of fibrosis and provide potential intervention targets.
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Cardiac fibroblast sub-types in vitro reflect pathological cardiac remodeling in vivo. Matrix Biol Plus 2022; 15:100113. [PMID: 35719864 PMCID: PMC9198323 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2022.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A panel of 12 fibrosis related genes clearly identified heart failure (HF) patients better than measurement of the collagen-related hydroxyproline content. A subcluster enriched for ischemic HF was recognized, but not for diabetes, obesity, or gender. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of in vitro differentiated mouse cardiac fibroblasts distinguished 6 subpopulations, including a contractile Acta2high precursor population, and Acta2low subpopulations with high production of extracellular matrix molecules. The 12 gene profile identified in HF patients showed highest similarity to the fibroblast subset with the strongest expression of extracellular matrix molecules. Major features of cardiac fibroblast differentiation in heart failure patients, in murine heart disease models, and in cell culture of primary murine cardiac fibroblast are shared.
Many heart diseases are associated with fibrosis, but it is unclear whether different types of heart disease correlate with different subtypes of activated fibroblasts and to which extent such diversity is modeled during in vitro activation of primary cardiac fibroblasts. Analyzing the expression of 82 fibrosis related genes in 65 heart failure (HF) patients, we identified a panel of 12 genes clearly distinguishing HF patients better from healthy controls than measurement of the collagen-related hydroxyproline content. A subcluster enriched in ischemic HF was recognized, but not for diabetes, high BMI, or gender. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of in vitro activated mouse cardiac fibroblasts distinguished 6 subpopulations, including a contractile Acta2high precursor population, which was predicted by time trajectory analysis to develop into Acta2low subpopulations with high production of extracellular matrix molecules. The 12 gene profile identified in HF patients showed highest similarity to the fibroblast subset with the strongest expression of extracellular matrix molecules. Population markers identified were furthermore able to clearly cluster different disease stages in a murine model for myocardial infarct. These data suggest that major features of cardiac fibroblast activation in heart failure patients, in murine heart disease models, and in cell culture of primary murine cardiac fibroblast are shared.
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Zhang MX, Song Y, Xu WL, Zhang LX, Li C, Li YL. Natural Herbal Medicine as a Treatment Strategy for Myocardial Infarction through the Regulation of Angiogenesis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2022; 2022:8831750. [PMID: 35600953 PMCID: PMC9119779 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8831750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Methods We conducted a literature search on the bioactive components of medicinal plants and their effects on angiogenesis after MI. We searched for articles in Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases before April 2021. Results In this article, we summarized the mechanisms by which copper ions, microRNA, Akt1, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondria, and pericytes are involved in angiogenesis after myocardial infarction. In addition, we reviewed the angiogenic effects of natural herbal medicines such as Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge Bunge, Carthamus tinctorius L., Pueraria lobata, Astragalus, Panax ginseng C.A. Mey., Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen, Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl, Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC., Leonurus japonicus Houtt, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi., and Geum macrophyllum Willd. Conclusions Some herbs have the effect of promoting angiogenesis. In the future, natural proangiogenic drugs may become candidates for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-xin Zhang
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yu Song
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Wan-li Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ling-xiao Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Chao Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yun-lun Li
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
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Intrapericardial Administration of Secretomes from Menstrual Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Effects on Immune-Related Genes in a Porcine Model of Myocardial Infarction. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051117. [PMID: 35625854 PMCID: PMC9138214 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a manifestation of ischemic heart disease where the immune system plays an important role in the re-establishment of homeostasis. We hypothesize that the anti-inflammatory activity of secretomes from menstrual blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (S-MenSCs) and IFNγ/TNFα-primed MenSCs (S-MenSCs*) may be considered a therapeutic option for the treatment of AMI. To assess this hypothesis, we have evaluated the effect of S-MenSCs and S-MenSCs* on cardiac function parameters and the involvement of immune-related genes using a porcine model of AMI. Twelve pigs were randomly divided into three biogroups: AMI/Placebo, AMI/S-MenSCs, and AMI/S-MenSCs*. AMI models were generated using a closed chest coronary occlusion-reperfusion procedure and, after 72 h, the different treatments were intrapericardially administered. Cardiac function parameters were monitored by magnetic resonance imaging before and 7 days post-therapy. Transcriptomic analyses in the infarcted tissue identified 571 transcripts associated with the Gene Ontology term Immune response, of which 57 were differentially expressed when different biogroups were compared. Moreover, a prediction of the interactions between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs from secretomes revealed that some DEGs in the infarction area, such as STAT3, IGFR1, or BCL6 could be targeted by previously identified miRNAs in secretomes from MenSCs. In conclusion, the intrapericardial administration of secretome early after infarction has a significant impact on the expression of immune-related genes in the infarcted myocardium. This confirms the immunomodulatory potential of intrapericardially delivered secretomes and opens new therapeutic perspectives in myocardial infarction treatment.
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Yang M, Liao M, Liu R, Zhang Q, Zhang S, He Y, Jin J, Zhang P, Zhou L. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles loaded with miR-223 ameliorate myocardial infarction through P53/S100A9 axis. Genomics 2022; 114:110319. [PMID: 35227836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed as a promising strategy for myocardial infarction (MI). This study aims to explore the mechanism of human umbilical cord MSCs (hucMSCs)-derived EVs loaded with miR-223 on MI. Inflammation, cell biological functions, and fibrosis in vitro were measured. Furthermore, MI rat models were established to verify the role of EVs-miR-223 in vivo. The binding relationship between miR-223 and P53 was confirmed. ChIP assay was utilized to observe the combination of P53 and S100A9. The suppressed fibrosis of cardiomyocytes occurred with cells overexpressing miR-223. MiR-223 contributed to the angiogenesis of HUVECs. P53 was a target gene of miR-223. In vivo, miR-223 relieved myocardial fibrosis and inflammation infiltration, and promoted the angiogenesis in MI rats. HucMSC-derived EVs loaded with miR-223 mitigates MI and promotes myocardial repair through the P53/S100A9 axis, manifesting the underlying therapy values of hucMSC-derived EVs loaded with miR-223 in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Departmemt of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Mingmei Liao
- Departmemt of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Departmemt of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Departmemt of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Sai Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Yi He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Jin Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China.
| | - Lin Zhou
- Departmemt of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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Properties and Functions of Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts in Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091386. [PMID: 35563692 PMCID: PMC9102016 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian heart contains abundant interstitial and perivascular fibroblasts that expand following injury and play a reparative role but also contribute to maladaptive fibrotic remodeling. Following myocardial infarction, cardiac fibroblasts undergo dynamic phenotypic transitions, contributing to the regulation of inflammatory, reparative, and angiogenic responses. This review manuscript discusses the mechanisms of regulation, roles and fate of fibroblasts in the infarcted heart. During the inflammatory phase of infarct healing, the release of alarmins by necrotic cells promotes a pro-inflammatory and matrix-degrading fibroblast phenotype that may contribute to leukocyte recruitment. The clearance of dead cells and matrix debris from the infarct stimulates anti-inflammatory pathways and activates transforming growth factor (TGF)-β cascades, resulting in the conversion of fibroblasts to α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-expressing myofibroblasts. Activated myofibroblasts secrete large amounts of matrix proteins and form a collagen-based scar that protects the infarcted ventricle from catastrophic complications, such as cardiac rupture. Moreover, infarct fibroblasts may also contribute to cardiac repair by stimulating angiogenesis. During scar maturation, fibroblasts disassemble α-SMA+ stress fibers and convert to specialized cells that may serve in scar maintenance. The prolonged activation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the infarct border zone and in the remote remodeling myocardium may contribute to adverse remodeling and to the pathogenesis of heart failure. In addition to their phenotypic plasticity, fibroblasts exhibit remarkable heterogeneity. Subsets with distinct phenotypic profiles may be responsible for the wide range of functions of fibroblast populations in infarcted and remodeling hearts.
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Varzideh F, Kansakar U, Donkor K, Wilson S, Jankauskas SS, Mone P, Wang X, Lombardi A, Santulli G. Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction: Functional Contribution of microRNAs to Inflammation and Fibrosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:863238. [PMID: 35498051 PMCID: PMC9043126 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.863238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
After an ischemic injury, the heart undergoes a complex process of structural and functional remodeling that involves several steps, including inflammatory and fibrotic responses. In this review, we are focusing on the contribution of microRNAs in the regulation of inflammation and fibrosis after myocardial infarction. We summarize the most updated studies exploring the interactions between microRNAs and key regulators of inflammation and fibroblast activation and we discuss the recent discoveries, including clinical applications, in these rapidly advancing fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), New York, NY, United States
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), New York, NY, United States
| | - Kwame Donkor
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Scott Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Stanislovas S. Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), New York, NY, United States
| | - Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Xujun Wang
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), New York, NY, United States
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Gaetano Santulli,
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Becirovic-Agic M, Chalise U, Jung M, Rodriguez-Paar JR, Konfrst SR, Flynn ER, Salomon JD, Hall ME, Lindsey ML. Faster skin wound healing predicts survival after myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H537-H548. [PMID: 35089808 PMCID: PMC8917917 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00612.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Both skin wound healing and the cardiac response to myocardial infarction (MI) progress through similar pathways involving inflammation, resolution, tissue repair, and scar formation. Due to the similarities, we hypothesized that the healing response to skin wounding would predict future response to MI. Mice were given a 3-mm skin wound using a disposable biopsy punch and the skin wound was imaged daily until closure. The same set of animals was given MI by permanent coronary artery ligation 28 days later and followed for 7 days. Cardiac physiology was measured by echocardiography at baseline and MI days 3 and 7. Animals that survived until day 7 were grouped as survivors, and animals that died from MI were grouped as nonsurvivors. Survivors had faster skin wound healing than nonsurvivors. Faster skin wound healing predicted MI survival better than commonly used cardiac functional variables (e.g., infarct size, fractional shortening, and end diastolic dimension). N-glycoproteome profiling of MI day 3 plasma revealed α2-macroglobulin and ELL-associated factor 1 as strong predictors of future MI death and progression to heart failure. A second cohort of MI mice validated these findings. To investigate the clinical relevance of α2-macroglobulin, we mapped the plasma glycoproteome in patients with MI 48 h after admission and in healthy controls. In patients, α2-macroglobulin was increased 48 h after MI. Apolipoprotein D, another plasma glycoprotein, detrimentally regulated both skin and cardiac wound healing in male but not female mice by promoting inflammation. Our results reveal that the skin is a mirror to the heart and common pathways link wound healing across organs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Faster skin wound healers had more efficient cardiac healing after myocardial infarction (MI). Two plasma proteins at D3 MI, EAF1 and A2M, predicted MI death in 66% of cases. ApoD regulated both skin and cardiac wound healing in male mice by promoting inflammation. The skin was a mirror to the heart and common pathways linked wound healing across organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mediha Becirovic-Agic
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Upendra Chalise
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mira Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jocelyn R Rodriguez-Paar
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Shelby R Konfrst
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Elizabeth R Flynn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jeffrey D Salomon
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Michael E Hall
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
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Chalise U, Daseke MJ, Kalusche WJ, Konfrst SR, Rodriguez-Paar JR, Flynn ER, Cook LM, Becirovic-Agic M, Lindsey ML. Macrophages secrete murinoglobulin-1 and galectin-3 to regulate neutrophil degranulation after myocardial infarction. Mol Omics 2022; 18:186-195. [PMID: 35230372 PMCID: PMC8963000 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00519g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation presides early after myocardial infarction (MI) as a key event in cardiac wound healing. Ischemic cardiomyocytes secrete inflammatory cues to stimulate infiltration of leukocytes, predominantly macrophages and neutrophils. Infiltrating neutrophils degranulate to release a series of proteases including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 to break down extracellular matrix and remove necrotic myocytes to create space for the infarct scar to form. While neutrophil to macrophage communication has been explored, the reverse has been understudied. We used a proteomics approach to catalogue the macrophage secretome at MI day 1. Murinoglobulin-1 (MUG1) was the highest-ranked secreted protein (4.1-fold upregulated at MI day 1 vs. day 0 pre-MI cardiac macrophages, p = 0.004). By transcriptomics evaluation, galectin-3 (Lgals3) was 2.2-fold upregulated (p = 0.008) in MI day 1 macrophages. We explored the direct roles of MUG1 and Lgals3 on neutrophil degranulation. MUG1 blunted while Lgals3 amplified neutrophil degranulation in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or interleukin-1β, as measured by MMP-9 secretion. Lgals3 itself also stimulated MMP-9 secretion. To determine if MUG1 regulated Lgals3, we co-stimulated neutrophils with MUG1 and Lgals3. MUG1 limited degranulation stimulated by Lgals3 by 64% (p < 0.001). In vivo, MUG1 was elevated in the infarct region at MI days 1 and 3, while Lgals3 increased at MI day 7. The ratio of MUG1 to Lgals3 positively correlated with infarct wall thickness, revealing that MUG1 attenuated infarct wall thinning. In conclusion, macrophages at MI day 1 secrete MUG1 to limit and Lgals3 to accentuate neutrophil degranulation to regulate infarct wall thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Chalise
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Michael J Daseke
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - William J Kalusche
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Shelby R Konfrst
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Jocelyn R Rodriguez-Paar
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Flynn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Leah M Cook
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Mediha Becirovic-Agic
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
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Bugg D, Bailey LRJ, Bretherton RC, Beach KE, Reichardt IM, Robeson KZ, Reese AC, Gunaje J, Flint G, DeForest CA, Stempien-Otero A, Davis J. MBNL1 drives dynamic transitions between fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in cardiac wound healing. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:419-433.e10. [PMID: 35176223 PMCID: PMC8929295 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic fibroblast to myofibroblast state transitions underlie the heart's fibrotic response. Because transcriptome maturation by muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1) promotes differentiated cell states, this study investigated whether tactical control of MBNL1 activity could alter myofibroblast activity and fibrotic outcomes. In healthy mice, cardiac fibroblast-specific overexpression of MBNL1 transitioned the fibroblast transcriptome to that of a myofibroblast and after injury promoted myocyte remodeling and scar maturation. Both fibroblast- and myofibroblast-specific loss of MBNL1 limited scar production and stabilization, which was ascribed to negligible myofibroblast activity. The combination of MBNL1 deletion and injury caused quiescent fibroblasts to expand and adopt features of cardiac mesenchymal stem cells, whereas transgenic MBNL1 expression blocked fibroblast proliferation and drove the population into a mature myofibroblast state. These data suggest MBNL1 is a post-transcriptional switch, controlling fibroblast state plasticity during cardiac wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrian Bugg
- Department of Lab Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Logan R J Bailey
- Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ross C Bretherton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Kylie E Beach
- Department of Lab Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Kalen Z Robeson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Anna C Reese
- Department of Lab Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jagadambika Gunaje
- Department of Lab Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Galina Flint
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Lab Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Yang XD, Hou ZS, Liu MQ, Zeng C, Zhao HK, Xin YR, Xiang KW, Yang Q, Wen HS, Li JF. Identification and characterization of mkk genes and their expression profiles in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) symptomatically or asymptomatically infected with Vibrio anguillarum. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:1-11. [PMID: 34974153 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MKKs) are intermediate kinases of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathways. MKKs are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MKKK) and then the activated MKKs trigger the activation of downstream MAPKs. MAPK signaling pathways play an important role in regulating immune functions including apoptosis and inflammation. However, studies on identification and characterization of mkk repertoire in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are still limited. Trout experienced 4 rounds (4R) of whole genome duplication (WGD), thus exhibiting increased paralogs of mkks with potentially functional diversity. In this study, we identified 17 mkk genes in trout and the following bacterial challenge (Vibrio anguillarum) studies showed functional diversity of different mkk subtypes. Vibrio anguillarum infection resulted in significantly up-regulated mkk2 subtypes in spleen and liver, and mkk4b3 in spleen, suggesting immunomodulation was regulated by activation of ERK, p38 and JNK pathways. Compared to other mkk subtypes, mkk6s were down-regulated in symptomatic group, rather than asymptomatic group. The organisms present negative feedback on MAPK activation, thus reducing extra damage to cells. We observed down-regulated mkk6s with up-regulated genes (dusp1 & dusp2) involved in negative feedback of MAPK activation. Based on these results, we might propose the distinct expression patterns of genes associated with MAPK pathways resulted in different phenotypes and symptoms of trout in response to bacterial challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi-Shuai Hou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng-Qun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong-Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan-Ru Xin
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kai-Wen Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Shen Wen
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| | - Ji-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhanced Proangiogenic Potential of Cardiac Fibroblasts via Angiopoietin-Like 4. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:3229289. [PMID: 35154329 PMCID: PMC8824744 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3229289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives. After myocardial hypoxic injury, it is important to enhance vascular formation and restore blood supply for injury repair. Previous studies have suggested that cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) play a crucial role in angiogenesis after myocardial injury. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hucMSCs) promote fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation in inflammatory environment and have cardioprotective effects. It remains unknown whether sEVs regulate cardiac fibroblasts to promote angiogenesis after myocardial injury. Methods and Results. We isolated primary CFs from Sprague-Dawley rats (1–3 days old) and treated them with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS+sEVs. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) was increased in the LPS+sEVs group more than in the LPS group. After inhibition of Angptl4 expression in sEVs and CFs, cell proliferation, Transwell migration, and tube formation assays were used to detect the angiogenic activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. β-Catenin expression in CFs was detected by western blotting. The β-catenin inhibitor ICG001 was used to examine whether β-catenin was involved in the proangiogenic potential of CFs promoted by sEVs. sEVs enhanced the proangiogenic potential of CFs under inflammatory conditions, which was associated with β-catenin signaling. The proangiogenic potential of CFs was decreased when Angptl4 was knocked down in CFs and in hucMSCs. Conclusions. The sEVs regulated CFs to promote angiogenesis via Angptl4 in an inflammatory environment. This may provide a research basis for treating myocardial injury with sEVs.
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Jayawardena E, Medzikovic L, Ruffenach G, Eghbali M. Role of miRNA-1 and miRNA-21 in Acute Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Their Potential as Therapeutic Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031512. [PMID: 35163436 PMCID: PMC8836257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease remains the leading cause of death. Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by decreased blood flow to the coronary arteries, resulting in cardiomyocytes death. The most effective strategy for treating an MI is early and rapid myocardial reperfusion, but restoring blood flow to the ischemic myocardium can induce further damage, known as ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Novel therapeutic strategies are critical to limit myocardial IR injury and improve patient outcomes following reperfusion intervention. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that have been implicated in attenuating IR injury pathology in pre-clinical rodent models. In this review, we discuss the role of miR-1 and miR-21 in regulating myocardial apoptosis in ischemia-reperfusion injury in the whole heart as well as in different cardiac cell types with special emphasis on cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, and immune cells. We also examine therapeutic potential of miR-1 and miR-21 in preclinical studies. More research is necessary to understand the cell-specific molecular principles of miRNAs in cardioprotection and application to acute myocardial IR injury.
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Liu M, Yang X, Zeng C, Zhao H, Li J, Hou Z, Wen H. Transcriptional Signatures of Immune, Neural, and Endocrine Functions in the Brain and Kidney of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Response to Aeromonas salmonicida Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031340. [PMID: 35163263 PMCID: PMC8835788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) serves as one of the most important commercial fish with an annual production of around 800,000 tonnes. However, infectious diseases, such as furunculosis caused by Aeromonas salmonicida infection, results in great economic loss in trout culture. The brain and kidney are two important organs associated with “sickness behaviors” and immunomodulation in response to disease. Therefore, we worked with 60 trout and investigated transcriptional responses and enrichment pathways between healthy and infected trout. We observed that furunculosis resulted in the activation of toll-like receptors with neuroinflammation and neural dysfunction in the brain, which might cause the “sickness behaviors” of infected trout including anorexia and lethargy. We also showed the salmonid-specific whole genome duplication contributed to duplicated colony stimulating factor 1 (csf-1) paralogs, which play an important role in modulating brain immunomodulation. Enrichment analyses of kidneys showed up-regulated immunomodulation and down-regulated neural functions, suggesting an immune-neural interaction between the brain and kidney. Moreover, the kidney endocrine network was activated in response to A. salmonicida infection, further convincing the communications between endocrine and immune systems in regulating internal homeostasis. Our study provided a foundation for pathophysiological responses of the brain and kidney in response to furunculosis and potentially offered a reference for generating disease-resistant trout strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhishuai Hou
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-133-4524-7715 (Z.H.); +86-532-8203-1825 (H.W.)
| | - Haishen Wen
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-133-4524-7715 (Z.H.); +86-532-8203-1825 (H.W.)
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Inflammatory Burden and Immunomodulative Therapeutics of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020804. [PMID: 35054989 PMCID: PMC8775955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotyping cardiovascular illness and recognising heterogeneities within are pivotal in the contemporary era. Besides traditional risk factors, accumulated evidence suggested that a high inflammatory burden has emerged as a key characteristic modulating both the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases, inclusive of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. To mechanistically elucidate the correlation, signalling pathways downstream to Toll-like receptors, nucleotide oligomerisation domain-like receptors, interleukins, tumour necrosis factor, and corresponding cytokines were raised as central mechanisms exerting the effect of inflammation. Other remarkable adjuvant factors include oxidative stress and secondary ferroptosis. These molecular discoveries have propelled pharmaceutical advancements. Statin was suggested to confer cardiovascular benefits not only by lowering cholesterol levels but also by attenuating inflammation. Colchicine was repurposed as an immunomodulator co-administered with coronary intervention. Novel interleukin-1β and −6 antagonists exhibited promising cardiac benefits in the recent trials as well. Moreover, manipulation of gut microbiota and associated metabolites was addressed to antagonise inflammation-related cardiovascular pathophysiology. The gut-cardio-renal axis was therein established to explain the mutual interrelationship. As for future perspectives, artificial intelligence in conjunction with machine learning could better elucidate the sequencing of the microbiome and data mining. Comprehensively understanding the interplay between the gut microbiome and its cardiovascular impact will help identify future therapeutic targets, affording holistic care for patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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