1
|
Halpage J, DaSilva Pantoja P, Mancarella S. Prolonged tamoxifen-enriched diet is associated with cardiomyopathy and nutritional frailty in mice. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:513-523. [PMID: 38291801 PMCID: PMC10984784 DOI: 10.1113/ep091668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is required for gene recombination in the inducible Cre/lox system. The TAM-enriched diet is considered safe, with negligible impact on animal wellbeing. However, studies reporting the long-term effects of the TAM diet and its potential impact on experimental outcomes are scarce. We conducted a longitudinal study on mice exposed to a 4-week dietary TAM citrate supplementation. Several parameters were recorded, such as body weight, body composition, mortality, and cardiac function. The collagen1a2 (Col1a2) transgenic mouse was used to assess TAM-induced recombination in vivo in cardiac fibroblasts followed by myocardial infarction (MI). The impact of TAM on the MI outcome was also evaluated. The recombination efficiency and cytotoxic effect of the TAM active metabolite, 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4-OHT), were assessed in vitro. Mice exposed to a TAM diet showed body weight loss and a 10% increase in mortality (P = 0.045). The TAM diet decreased cardiac function and induced cardiac remodeling, indicated by decreased fractional shortening from 32.23% to 19.23% (P = 0.001) and left ventricular (LV) wall thinning. All measured parameters were reversed to normal when mice were returned to a normal diet. Infarcted Col1a2-CreER mice on the TAM regimen showed gene recombination in fibroblasts, but it was associated with a substantial increase in mortality post-surgery (2.5-fold) compared to the controls. In vitro, 4-OHT induced gene editing in fibroblasts; however, cell growth arrest and cytotoxicity were observed at high concentrations. In conclusion, prolonged exposure to the TAM diet can be detrimental and necessitates careful model selection and interpretation of the results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janith Halpage
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Sciences CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Salvatore Mancarella
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Tennessee Health Sciences CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu W, Xu H, Sun Z, Du Y, Sun S, Abudureyimu M, Zhang M, Tao J, Ge J, Ren J, Zhang Y. TBC1D15 deficiency protects against doxorubicin cardiotoxicity via inhibiting DNA-PKcs cytosolic retention and DNA damage. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4823-4839. [PMID: 38045047 PMCID: PMC10692480 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical application of doxorubicin (DOX) is heavily hindered by DOX cardiotoxicity. Several theories were postulated for DOX cardiotoxicity including DNA damage and DNA damage response (DDR), although the mechanism(s) involved remains to be elucidated. This study evaluated the potential role of TBC domain family member 15 (TBC1D15) in DOX cardiotoxicity. Tamoxifen-induced cardiac-specific Tbc1d15 knockout (Tbc1d15CKO) or Tbc1d15 knockin (Tbc1d15CKI) male mice were challenged with a single dose of DOX prior to cardiac assessment 1 week or 4 weeks following DOX challenge. Adenoviruses encoding TBC1D15 or containing shRNA targeting Tbc1d15 were used for Tbc1d15 overexpression or knockdown in isolated primary mouse cardiomyocytes. Our results revealed that DOX evoked upregulation of TBC1D15 with compromised myocardial function and overt mortality, the effects of which were ameliorated and accentuated by Tbc1d15 deletion and Tbc1d15 overexpression, respectively. DOX overtly evoked apoptotic cell death, the effect of which was alleviated and exacerbated by Tbc1d15 knockout and overexpression, respectively. Meanwhile, DOX provoked mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, oxidative stress and DNA damage, the effects of which were mitigated and exacerbated by Tbc1d15 knockdown and overexpression, respectively. Further scrutiny revealed that TBC1D15 fostered cytosolic accumulation of the cardinal DDR element DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation denoted an interaction between TBC1D15 and DNA-PKcs at the segment 594-624 of TBC1D15. Moreover, overexpression of TBC1D15 mutant (∆594-624, deletion of segment 594-624) failed to elicit accentuation of DOX-induced cytosolic retention of DNA-PKcs, DNA damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis by TBC1D15 wild type. However, Tbc1d15 deletion ameliorated DOX-induced cardiomyocyte contractile anomalies, apoptosis, mitochondrial anomalies, DNA damage and cytosolic DNA-PKcs accumulation, which were canceled off by DNA-PKcs inhibition or ATM activation. Taken together, our findings denoted a pivotal role for TBC1D15 in DOX-induced DNA damage, mitochondrial injury, and apoptosis possibly through binding with DNA-PKcs and thus gate-keeping its cytosolic retention, a route to accentuation of cardiac contractile dysfunction in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yu
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxin Du
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shiqun Sun
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Miyesaier Abudureyimu
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cardiovascular Department, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fibroblast growth factor 18 alleviates stress-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1235. [PMID: 36871047 PMCID: PMC9985628 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-18 (FGF18) has diverse organ development and damage repair roles. However, its role in cardiac homeostasis following hypertrophic stimulation remains unknown. Here we investigate the regulation and function of the FGF18 in pressure overload (PO)-induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy. FGF18 heterozygous (Fgf18+/-) and inducible cardiomyocyte-specific FGF18 knockout (Fgf18-CKO) male mice exposed to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) demonstrate exacerbated pathological cardiac hypertrophy with increased oxidative stress, cardiomyocyte death, fibrosis, and dysfunction. In contrast, cardiac-specific overexpression of FGF18 alleviates hypertrophy, decreased oxidative stress, attenuates cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and ameliorates fibrosis and cardiac function. Tyrosine-protein kinase FYN (FYN), the downstream factor of FGF18, was identified by bioinformatics analysis, LC-MS/MS and experiment validation. Mechanistic studies indicate that FGF18/FGFR3 promote FYN activity and expression and negatively regulate NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), thereby inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and alleviating pathological cardiac hypertrophy. This study uncovered the previously unknown cardioprotective effect of FGF18 mediated by the maintenance of redox homeostasis through the FYN/NOX4 signaling axis in male mice, suggesting a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
|
4
|
Olcum M, Rouhi L, Fan S, Gonzales MM, Jeong HH, Zhao Z, Gurha P, Marian AJ. PANoptosis is a prominent feature of desmoplakin cardiomyopathy. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR AGING 2023; 3:3. [PMID: 36818425 PMCID: PMC9933912 DOI: 10.20517/jca.2022.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is hereditary cardiomyopathy caused by pathogenic variants (mutations) in genes encoding the intercalated disc (ID), particularly desmosome proteins. ACM caused by mutations in the DSP gene encoding desmoplakin (DSP) is characterized by the prominence of cell death, myocardial fibrosis, and inflammation, and is referred to as desmoplakin cardiomyopathy. Aim The aim of this article was to gain insight into the pathogenesis of DSP cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results The Dsp gene was exclusively deleted in cardiac myocytes using tamoxifen-inducible MerCreMer (Myh6-Mcm Tam) and floxed Dsp (Dsp F/F) mice (Myh6-Mcm Tam:Dsp F/F). Recombination was induced upon subcutaneous injection of tamoxifen (30 mg/kg/d) for 5 days starting post-natal day 14. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier plots, cardiac function by echocardiography, arrhythmias by rhythm monitoring, and gene expression by RNA-Seq, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence techniques. Cell death was analyzed by the TUNEL assay and the expression levels of specific markers were by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Myocardial fibrosis was assessed by picrosirius red staining of the myocardial sections, RT-PCR, and immunoblotting. The Myh6-Mcm Tam: Dsp F/F mice showed extensive molecular remodeling of the IDs and the differential expression of ~10,000 genes, which predicted activation of KDM5A, IRFs, and NFκB and suppression of PPARGC1A and RB1, among others in the DSP-deficient myocytes. Gene set enrichment analysis predicted activation of the TNFα/NFκB pathway, inflammation, cell death programs, and fibrosis. Analysis of cell death markers indicated PANoptosis, comprised of apoptosis (increased CASP3, CASP8, BAD and reduced BCL2), necroptosis (increased RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL), and pyroptosis (increased GSDMD and ASC or PYCARD) in the DSP-deficient myocytes. Transcript levels of the pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic genes were increased and myocardial fibrosis comprised ~25% of the myocardium in the DSP-deficient hearts. The Myh6-Mcm Tam:Dsp F/F mice showed severe cardiac systolic dysfunction and ventricular arrhythmias, and died prematurely with a median survival rate of ~2 months. Conclusion The findings identify PANoptosis as a prominent phenotypic feature of DSP cardiomyopathy and set the stage for delineating the specific molecular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. The model also provides the opportunity to test the effects of pharmacological and genetic interventions on myocardial fibrosis and cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melis Olcum
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Leila Rouhi
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Siyang Fan
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Maya M. Gonzales
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyun-Hwan Jeong
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics and School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics and School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Priyatansh Gurha
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ali J. Marian
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bottermann K, Kalfhues L, Nederlof R, Hemmers A, Leitner LM, Oenarto V, Nemmer J, Pfeffer M, Raje V, Deenen R, Petzsch P, Zabri H, Köhrer K, Reichert AS, Grandoch M, Fischer JW, Herebian D, Stegbauer J, Harris TE, Gödecke A. Cardiomyocyte p38 MAPKα suppresses a heart-adipose tissue-neutrophil crosstalk in heart failure development. Basic Res Cardiol 2022; 117:48. [PMID: 36205817 PMCID: PMC9542472 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-022-00955-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although p38 MAP Kinase α (p38 MAPKα) is generally accepted to play a central role in the cardiac stress response, to date its function in maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy is still not unambiguously defined. To induce a pathological type of cardiac hypertrophy we infused angiotensin II (AngII) for 2 days via osmotic mini pumps in control and tamoxifen-inducible, cardiomyocyte (CM)-specific p38 MAPKα KO mice (iCMp38αKO) and assessed cardiac function by echocardiography, complemented by transcriptomic, histological, and immune cell analysis. AngII treatment after inactivation of p38 MAPKα in CM results in left ventricular (LV) dilatation within 48 h (EDV: BL: 83.8 ± 22.5 µl, 48 h AngII: 109.7 ± 14.6 µl) and an ectopic lipid deposition in cardiomyocytes, reflecting a metabolic dysfunction in pressure overload (PO). This was accompanied by a concerted downregulation of transcripts for oxidative phosphorylation, TCA cycle, and fatty acid metabolism. Cardiac inflammation involving neutrophils, macrophages, B- and T-cells was significantly enhanced. Inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis by the small molecule inhibitor of adipocytetriglyceride lipase (ATGL) Atglistatin reduced cardiac lipid accumulation by 70% and neutrophil infiltration by 30% and went along with an improved cardiac function. Direct targeting of neutrophils by means of anti Ly6G-antibody administration in vivo led to a reduced LV dilation in iCMp38αKO mice and an improved systolic function (EF: 39.27 ± 14%). Thus, adipose tissue lipolysis and CM lipid accumulation augmented cardiac inflammation in iCMp38αKO mice. Neutrophils, in particular, triggered the rapid left ventricular dilatation. We provide the first evidence that p38 MAPKα acts as an essential switch in cardiac adaptation to PO by mitigating metabolic dysfunction and inflammation. Moreover, we identified a heart-adipose tissue-immune cell crosstalk, which might serve as new therapeutic target in cardiac pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bottermann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Kalfhues
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rianne Nederlof
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Hemmers
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lucia M Leitner
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vici Oenarto
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jana Nemmer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mirjam Pfeffer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vidisha Raje
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Rene Deenen
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Petzsch
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Heba Zabri
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
- CARID-Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Johannes Stegbauer
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- CARID-Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang X, Zhang X, Chen Y, Zhao C, Zhou W, Chen W, Zhang C, Ding K, Li W, Xu H, Lou L, Chu Z, Hu S, Yang J. Cardiac-specific deletion of FDPS induces cardiac remodeling and dysfunction by enhancing the activity of small GTP-binding proteins. J Pathol 2021; 255:438-450. [PMID: 34467534 DOI: 10.1002/path.5789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway is essential for cholesterol biosynthesis. Previous studies have suggested that the key enzyme in this pathway, farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), regulates the cardiovascular system. We used human samples and mice that were deficient in cardiac FDPS (c-Fdps-/- mice) to investigate the role of FDPS in cardiac homeostasis. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography. Left ventricles were examined and tested for histological and molecular markers of cardiac remodeling. Our results showed that FDPS levels were downregulated in samples from patients with cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, c-Fdps-/- mice exhibited cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. This dysfunction was associated with abnormal activation of Ras and Rheb, which may be due to the accumulation of geranyl pyrophosphate. Activation of Ras and Rheb stimulated downstream mTOR and ERK pathways. Moreover, administration of farnesyltransferase inhibitors attenuated cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in c-Fdps-/- mice. These results indicate that FDPS plays an important role in cardiac homeostasis. Deletion of FDPS stimulates the downstream mTOR and ERK signaling pathways, resulting in cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuxiao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chenze Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Weier Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wanwan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Kejun Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Weidong Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Lian Lou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhenliang Chu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - ShenJiang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lygate CA. The Pitfalls of in vivo Cardiac Physiology in Genetically Modified Mice - Lessons Learnt the Hard Way in the Creatine Kinase System. Front Physiol 2021; 12:685064. [PMID: 34054587 PMCID: PMC8160301 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.685064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to fully understand gene function, at some point, it is necessary to study the effects in an intact organism. The creation of the first knockout mouse in the late 1980's gave rise to a revolution in the field of integrative physiology that continues to this day. There are many complex choices when selecting a strategy for genetic modification, some of which will be touched on in this review, but the principal focus is to highlight the potential problems and pitfalls arising from the interpretation of in vivo cardiac phenotypes. As an exemplar, we will scrutinize the field of cardiac energetics and the attempts to understand the role of the creatine kinase (CK) energy buffering and transport system in the intact organism. This story highlights the confounding effects of genetic background, sex, and age, as well as the difficulties in interpreting knockout models in light of promiscuous proteins and metabolic redundancy. It will consider the dose-dependent effects and unintended consequences of transgene overexpression, and the need for experimental rigour in the context of in vivo phenotyping techniques. It is intended that this review will not only bring clarity to the field of cardiac energetics, but also aid the non-expert in evaluating and critically assessing data arising from in vivo genetic modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Lygate
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|