1
|
Zhou Z, Liu J, Xiong T, Liu Y, Tuan RS, Li ZA. Engineering Innervated Musculoskeletal Tissues for Regenerative Orthopedics and Disease Modeling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310614. [PMID: 38200684 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal (MSK) disorders significantly burden patients and society, resulting in high healthcare costs and productivity loss. These disorders are the leading cause of physical disability, and their prevalence is expected to increase as sedentary lifestyles become common and the global population of the elderly increases. Proper innervation is critical to maintaining MSK function, and nerve damage or dysfunction underlies various MSK disorders, underscoring the potential of restoring nerve function in MSK disorder treatment. However, most MSK tissue engineering strategies have overlooked the significance of innervation. This review first expounds upon innervation in the MSK system and its importance in maintaining MSK homeostasis and functions. This will be followed by strategies for engineering MSK tissues that induce post-implantation in situ innervation or are pre-innervated. Subsequently, research progress in modeling MSK disorders using innervated MSK organoids and organs-on-chips (OoCs) is analyzed. Finally, the future development of engineering innervated MSK tissues to treat MSK disorders and recapitulate disease mechanisms is discussed. This review provides valuable insights into the underlying principles, engineering methods, and applications of innervated MSK tissues, paving the way for the development of targeted, efficacious therapies for various MSK conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Tiandi Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, P. R. China
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Alan Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Center for Neuromusculoskeletal Restorative Medicine, Hong Kong Science Park, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Colak C, Chamie LP, Youngner J, Forney MC, Luna Russo MA, Gubbels A, VanBuren WM, Feldman M. MRI Features of Pelvic Nerve Involvement in Endometriosis. Radiographics 2024; 44:e230106. [PMID: 38170677 DOI: 10.1148/rg.230106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common condition that mostly affects people assigned as female at birth. The most common clinical symptom of endometriosis is pain. Although the mechanism for this pain is poorly understood, in some cases, the nerves are directly involved in endometriosis. Endometriosis is a multifocal disease, and the pelvis is the most common location involved. Nerves in the pelvis can become entrapped and involved in endometriosis. Pelvic nerves are visible at pelvic MRI, especially when imaging planes and sequences are tailored for neural evaluation. In particular, high-spatial-resolution anatomic imaging including three-dimensional isotropic imaging and contrast-enhanced three-dimensional short inversion time inversion-recovery (STIR) fast spin-echo sequences are useful for nerve imaging. The most commonly involved nerves are the sciatic, obturator, femoral, pudendal, and inferior hypogastric nerves and the inferior hypogastric and lumbosacral plexuses. Although it is thought to be rare, the true incidence of nerve involvement in endometriosis is not known. Symptoms of neural involvement include pain, weakness, numbness, incontinence, and paraplegia and may be constant or cyclic (catamenial). Early diagnosis of neural involvement in endometriosis is important to prevent irreversible nerve damage and chronic sensorimotor neuropathy. Evidence of irreversible damage can also be seen at MRI, and radiologists should evaluate pelvic nerves that are commonly involved in endometriosis in their search pattern and report template to ensure that this information is incorporated into treatment planning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ceylan Colak
- From the Imaging Institute (C.C., J.Y., M.C.F.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OBGYN and Women's Health Institute (M.A.L.R.), and Subspecialty Care for Women's Health (A.G., M.F.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil (L.P.C.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (W.M.V.)
| | - Luciana P Chamie
- From the Imaging Institute (C.C., J.Y., M.C.F.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OBGYN and Women's Health Institute (M.A.L.R.), and Subspecialty Care for Women's Health (A.G., M.F.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil (L.P.C.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (W.M.V.)
| | - Jonathan Youngner
- From the Imaging Institute (C.C., J.Y., M.C.F.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OBGYN and Women's Health Institute (M.A.L.R.), and Subspecialty Care for Women's Health (A.G., M.F.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil (L.P.C.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (W.M.V.)
| | - Michael C Forney
- From the Imaging Institute (C.C., J.Y., M.C.F.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OBGYN and Women's Health Institute (M.A.L.R.), and Subspecialty Care for Women's Health (A.G., M.F.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil (L.P.C.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (W.M.V.)
| | - Miguel A Luna Russo
- From the Imaging Institute (C.C., J.Y., M.C.F.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OBGYN and Women's Health Institute (M.A.L.R.), and Subspecialty Care for Women's Health (A.G., M.F.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil (L.P.C.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (W.M.V.)
| | - Ashley Gubbels
- From the Imaging Institute (C.C., J.Y., M.C.F.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OBGYN and Women's Health Institute (M.A.L.R.), and Subspecialty Care for Women's Health (A.G., M.F.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil (L.P.C.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (W.M.V.)
| | - Wendaline M VanBuren
- From the Imaging Institute (C.C., J.Y., M.C.F.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OBGYN and Women's Health Institute (M.A.L.R.), and Subspecialty Care for Women's Health (A.G., M.F.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil (L.P.C.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (W.M.V.)
| | - Myra Feldman
- From the Imaging Institute (C.C., J.Y., M.C.F.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, OBGYN and Women's Health Institute (M.A.L.R.), and Subspecialty Care for Women's Health (A.G., M.F.), Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fleury Medicina e Saúde, São Paulo, Brazil (L.P.C.); and Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn (W.M.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mondello SE, Young L, Dang V, Fischedick AE, Tolley NM, Wang T, Bravo MA, Lee D, Tucker B, Knoernschild M, Pedigo BD, Horner PJ, Moritz CT. Optogenetic spinal stimulation promotes new axonal growth and skilled forelimb recovery in rats with sub-chronic cervical spinal cord injury. J Neural Eng 2023; 20:056005. [PMID: 37524080 PMCID: PMC10496592 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/acec13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to debilitating sensorimotor deficits that greatly limit quality of life. This work aims to develop a mechanistic understanding of how to best promote functional recovery following SCI. Electrical spinal stimulation is one promising approach that is effective in both animal models and humans with SCI. Optogenetic stimulation is an alternative method of stimulating the spinal cord that allows for cell-type-specific stimulation. The present work investigates the effects of preferentially stimulating neurons within the spinal cord and not glial cells, termed 'neuron-specific' optogenetic spinal stimulation. We examined forelimb recovery, axonal growth, and vasculature after optogenetic or sham stimulation in rats with cervical SCI.Approach.Adult female rats received a moderate cervical hemicontusion followed by the injection of a neuron-specific optogenetic viral vector ipsilateral and caudal to the lesion site. Animals then began rehabilitation on the skilled forelimb reaching task. At four weeks post-injury, rats received a micro-light emitting diode (µLED) implant to optogenetically stimulate the caudal spinal cord. Stimulation began at six weeks post-injury and occurred in conjunction with activities to promote use of the forelimbs. Following six weeks of stimulation, rats were perfused, and tissue stained for GAP-43, laminin, Nissl bodies and myelin. Location of viral transduction and transduced cell types were also assessed.Main Results.Our results demonstrate that neuron-specific optogenetic spinal stimulation significantly enhances recovery of skilled forelimb reaching. We also found significantly more GAP-43 and laminin labeling in the optogenetically stimulated groups indicating stimulation promotes axonal growth and angiogenesis.Significance.These findings indicate that optogenetic stimulation is a robust neuromodulator that could enable future therapies and investigations into the role of specific cell types, pathways, and neuronal populations in supporting recovery after SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Mondello
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
- Center for Neurotechnology, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Lisa Young
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Viet Dang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Amanda E Fischedick
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Nicholas M Tolley
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
- Center for Neurotechnology, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Madison A Bravo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
- Center for Neurotechnology, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Dalton Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Belinda Tucker
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Megan Knoernschild
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Benjamin D Pedigo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
- Center for Neurotechnology, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| | - Philip J Horner
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Department of Neurological Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, United States of America
| | - Chet T Moritz
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
- Center for Neurotechnology, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Isosaari L, Vuorenpää H, Yrjänäinen A, Kapucu FE, Kelloniemi M, Pakarinen TK, Miettinen S, Narkilahti S. Simultaneous induction of vasculature and neuronal network formation on a chip reveals a dynamic interrelationship between cell types. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:132. [PMID: 37316873 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal networks receive and deliver information to regulate bodily functions while the vascular network provides oxygen, nutrients, and signaling molecules to tissues. Neurovascular interactions are vital for both tissue development and maintaining homeostasis in adulthood; these two network systems align and reciprocally communicate with one another. Although communication between network systems has been acknowledged, the lack of relevant in vitro models has hindered research at the mechanistic level. For example, the current used in vitro neurovascular models are typically established to be short-term (≤ 7 days) culture models, and they miss the supporting vascular mural cells. METHODS In this study, we utilized human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) -derived neurons, fluorescence tagged human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and either human bone marrow or adipose stem/stromal cells (BMSCs or ASCs) as the mural cell types to create a novel 3D neurovascular network-on-a-chip model. Collagen 1-fibrin matrix was used to establish long-term (≥ 14 days) 3D cell culture in a perfusable microphysiological environment. RESULTS Aprotinin-supplemented endothelial cell growth medium-2 (EGM-2) supported the simultaneous formation of neuronal networks, vascular structures, mural cell differentiation, and the stability of the 3D matrix. The formed neuronal and vascular networks were morphologically and functionally characterized. Neuronal networks supported vasculature formation based on direct cell contacts and by dramatically increasing the secretion of angiogenesis-related factors in multicultures in contrast to cocultures without neurons. Both utilized mural cell types supported the formation of neurovascular networks; however, the BMSCs seemed to boost neurovascular networks to greater extent. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study provides a novel human neurovascular network model that is applicable for creating in vivo-like tissue models with intrinsic neurovascular interactions. The 3D neurovascular network model on chip forms an initial platform for the development of vascularized and innervated organ-on-chip and further body-on-chip concepts and offers the possibility for mechanistic studies on neurovascular communication both under healthy and in disease conditions. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Isosaari
- NeuroGroup, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hanna Vuorenpää
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alma Yrjänäinen
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Fikret Emre Kapucu
- NeuroGroup, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Kelloniemi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Susanna Miettinen
- Adult Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Research, Development and Innovation Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Susanna Narkilahti
- NeuroGroup, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mondelli V, Blackman G, Kempton MJ, Pollak TA, Iyegbe C, Valmaggia LR, Amminger P, Barrantes-Vidal N, Bressan R, van der Gaag M, de Haan L, Krebs MO, Nordentoft M, Ruhrmann S, Riecher-Rössler A, Rutten BPF, Sachs G, Koutsouleris N, McGuire P. Serum immune markers and transition to psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 110:290-296. [PMID: 36940754 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis have been found to have altered cytokine levels, but whether these changes are related to clinical outcomes remains unclear. We addressed this issue by measuring serum levels of 20 immune markers in 325 participants (n = 269 CHR, n = 56 healthy controls) using multiplex immunoassays, and then followed up the CHR sample to determine their clinical outcomes. Among 269 CHR individuals, 50 (18.6 %) developed psychosis by two years. Univariate and machine learning techniques were used to compare levels of inflammatory markers in CHR subjects and healthy controls, and in CHR subjects who had (CHR-t), or had not (CHR-nt) transitioned to psychosis. An ANCOVA identified significant group differences (CHR-t, CHR-nt and controls) and post-hoc tests indicated that VEGF levels and the IL-10/IL-6 ratio were significantly higher in CHR-t than CHR-nt, after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Using a penalised logistic regression classifier, CHR participants were distinguished from controls with an area-under the curve (AUC) of 0.82, with IL-6 and IL-4 levels the most important discriminating features. Transition to psychosis was predicted with an AUC of 0.57, with higher VEGF level and IL-10/IL-6 ratio the most important discriminating features. These data suggest that alterations in the levels of peripheral immune markers are associated with the subsequent onset of psychosis. The association with increased VEGF levels could reflect altered blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability, while the link with an elevated IL-10/IL-6 ratio points to an imbalance between anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Mondelli
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, London, UK; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, UK.
| | - Graham Blackman
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, UK; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, UK; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Pollak
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK
| | - Conrad Iyegbe
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK
| | - Lucia R Valmaggia
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, UK; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, London, UK
| | - Paul Amminger
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Road (Locked Bag 10), Parkville, Victoria 485 3052, Australia
| | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- Departament de Psicologia Clínica i de la Salut (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), Fundació Sanitària Sant Pere Claver (Spain), Spanish Mental Health Research Network (CIBERSAM), Australia
| | - Rodrigo Bressan
- LiNC - Lab Interdisciplinar Neurociências Clínicas, Depto Psiquiatria, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP), Australia
| | - Mark van der Gaag
- VU University, Department of Clinical Psychology and Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Parnassia Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychosis Research, Zoutkeetsingel 40, 2512 HN The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- AMC, Academic Psychiatric Centre, Department Early Psychosis, Meibergdreef 5, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Arkin Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Odile Krebs
- University Paris Descartes, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, C'JAAD, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Inserm U894, Institut de Psychiatrie (CNRS 3557), Paris, France
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Germany
| | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Bart P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD 464 Maastricht, The Netherlands; Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sachs
- Medical University of Vienna, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Koutsouleris
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK; Medical University of Vienna, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Philip McGuire
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, UK; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychosis Studies, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia Disturbs the Mechanisms of Embryonic Brain Development and Its Maturation in Early Postnatal Ontogenesis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12010189. [PMID: 36611982 PMCID: PMC9818313 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia causes the disruption of placental blood flow and can lead to serious disturbances in the formation of the offspring's brain. In the present study, the effects of prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia (PHHC) on the neuronal migration, neural tissue maturation, and the expression of signaling molecules in the rat fetal brain were described. Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia was induced in female rats by per os administration of 0.15% aqueous methionine solution in the period of days 4-21 of pregnancy. Behavioral tests revealed a delay in PHHC male pups maturing. Ultrastructure of both cortical and hippocampus tissue demonstrated the features of the developmental delay. PHHC was shown to disturb both generation and radial migration of neuroblasts into the cortical plate. Elevated Bdnf expression, together with changes in proBDNF/mBDNF balance, might affect neuronal cell viability, positioning, and maturation in PHHC pups. Reduced Kdr gene expression and the content of SEMA3E might lead to impaired brain development. In the brain tissue of E20 PHHC fetuses, the content of the procaspase-8 was decreased, and the activity level of the caspase-3 was increased; this may indicate the development of apoptosis. PHHC disturbs the mechanisms of early brain development leading to a delay in brain tissue maturation and formation of the motor reaction of pups.
Collapse
|
7
|
Shen D, Ye X, Li J, Hao X, Jin L, Jin Y, Tong L, Gao F. Metformin Preserves VE–Cadherin in Choroid Plexus and Attenuates Hydrocephalus via VEGF/VEGFR2/p-Src in an Intraventricular Hemorrhage Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158552. [PMID: 35955686 PMCID: PMC9369137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrocephalus induced by intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is associated with unfavorable prognosis. The increased permeability of choroid plexus and breakdown of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) was reported as a prominent mechanism of IVH-induced hydrocephalus, and vascular endothelial–cadherin (VE–cadherin) was demonstrated to be relevant. Metformin was reported to protect endothelial junction and preserve permeability widely; however, its role in hydrocephalus remains unclear. In this study, the decreased expression of VE–cadherin in the choroid plexus, accompanied with ventricle dilation, was investigated in an IVH rat model induced by intraventricular injection of autologous blood. Metformin treatment ameliorated hydrocephalus and upregulated VE–cadherin expression in choroid plexus meanwhile. We then observed that the internalization of VE–cadherin caused by the activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling after IVH was related to the occurrence of hydrocephalus, whereas it can be reversed by metformin treatment. Restraining VEGF signaling by antagonizing VEGFR2 or inhibiting Src phosphorylation increased the expression of VE–cadherin and decreased the severity of hydrocephalus after IVH. Our study demonstrated that the internalization of VE–cadherin via the activation of VEGF signaling may contribute to IVH-induced hydrocephalus, and metformin may be a potential protector via suppressing this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (D.S.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (L.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Xianghua Ye
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (D.S.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (L.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Jiawen Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (D.S.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (L.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Xiaodi Hao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (D.S.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (L.J.); (Y.J.)
- Department of Neurology, Henan Province People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Luhang Jin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (D.S.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (L.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yujia Jin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (D.S.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (L.J.); (Y.J.)
| | - Lusha Tong
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (D.S.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (L.J.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (F.G.)
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; (D.S.); (X.Y.); (J.L.); (X.H.); (L.J.); (Y.J.)
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (F.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Malheiro A, Seijas-Gamardo A, Harichandan A, Mota C, Wieringa P, Moroni L. Development of an In Vitro Biomimetic Peripheral Neurovascular Platform. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:31567-31585. [PMID: 35815638 PMCID: PMC9305708 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nerves and blood vessels are present in most organs and are indispensable for their function and homeostasis. Within these organs, neurovascular (NV) tissue forms congruent patterns and establishes vital interactions. Several human pathologies, including diabetes type II, produce NV disruptions with serious consequences that are complicated to study using animal models. Complex in vitro organ platforms, with neural and vascular supply, allow the investigation of such interactions, whether in a normal or pathological context, in an affordable, simple, and direct manner. To date, a few in vitro models contain NV tissue, and most strategies report models with nonbiomimetic representations of the native environment. To this end, we have established here an NV platform that contains mature vasculature and neural tissue, composed of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs), induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs)-derived sensory neurons, and primary rat Schwann cells (SCs) within a fibrin-embedded polymeric scaffold. First, we show that SCs can induce the formation of and stabilize vascular networks to the same degree as the traditional and more thoroughly studied human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). We also show that through SC prepatterning, we are able to control vessel orientation. Using our NV platform, we demonstrate the concomitant formation of three-dimensional neural and vascular tissue, and the influence of different medium formulations and cell types on the NV tissue outcome. Finally, we propose a protocol to form mature NV tissue, via the integration of independent neural and vascular constituents. The platform described here provides a versatile and advanced model for in vitro research of the NV axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afonso Malheiro
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Adrián Seijas-Gamardo
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Abhishek Harichandan
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Mota
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Wieringa
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration
Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Akbarian M, Bertassoni LE, Tayebi L. Biological aspects in controlling angiogenesis: current progress. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:349. [PMID: 35672585 PMCID: PMC10171722 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04348-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
All living beings continue their life by receiving energy and by excreting waste products. In animals, the arteries are the pathways of these transfers to the cells. Angiogenesis, the formation of the arteries by the development of pre-existed parental blood vessels, is a phenomenon that occurs naturally during puberty due to certain physiological processes such as menstruation, wound healing, or the adaptation of athletes' bodies during exercise. Nonetheless, the same life-giving process also occurs frequently in some patients and, conversely, occurs slowly in some physiological problems, such as cancer and diabetes, so inhibiting angiogenesis has been considered to be one of the important strategies to fight these diseases. Accordingly, in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the highly controlled process of angiogenesis is very important in tissue repairing. Excessive angiogenesis can promote tumor progression and lack of enough angiogensis can hinder tissue repair. Thereby, both excessive and deficient angiogenesis can be problematic, this review article introduces and describes the types of factors involved in controlling angiogenesis. Considering all of the existing strategies, we will try to lay out the latest knowledge that deals with stimulating/inhibiting the angiogenesis. At the end of the article, owing to the early-reviewed mechanical aspects that overshadow angiogenesis, the strategies of angiogenesis in tissue engineering will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Akbarian
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Luiz E Bertassoni
- Division of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang J, Liu C, Guo F, Zhou Z, Zhou L, Wang Y, Chen H, Zhou H, Liu Z, Duan S, Sun J, Deng Q, Xu S, Jiang H, Yu L. Deceleration Capacity Improves Prognostic Accuracy of Relative Increase and Final Coronary Physiology in Patients With Non-ST-Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:848499. [PMID: 35391835 PMCID: PMC8980553 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.848499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both coronary physiology and deceleration capacity (DC) showed prognostic efficacy for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the prognostic implication of DC combined with the relative increase and final coronary physiology as detected by quantitative flow ratio (QFR) for patients with non-ST-elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS) who underwent complete and successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Patients with NSTE-ACS who underwent PCI with pre- and post-procedural QFR in our department between January 2018 and November 2019 were included. The 24-hour deceleration capacity (DC 24h) was obtained via Holter monitoring. The incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) during follow up was defined as the primary outcome. The optimal cutoffs of the relative increase, final QFR, and DC 24h for prediction of MACCEs were determined via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and the predictive efficacies were evaluated with multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results Overall, 240 patients were included. During a mean follow up of 21.3 months, 31 patients had MACCEs. Results of multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that a higher post-PCI QFR [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 0.318; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.129–0.780], a higher relative QFR increase (HR: 0.161; 95% CI: 0.066–0.391], and a higher DC (HR: 0.306; 95% CI: 0.134–0.701) were all independent predictors of lower risk of MACCEs. Subsequently, incorporating low DC (≤2.42) into the risk predicting model with clinical variables, the predictive efficacies of low relative QRS increase (≤23%) and low post-PCI QFR (≤0.88) for MACCEs were both significantly improved. Conclusions The DC combined with relative increase and final coronary physiology may improve the predictive efficacy of existing models based on clinical variables for MACCEs in NSTE-ACS patients who underwent complete and successful PCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengzhe Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuding Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueyi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaqiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huixin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shoupeng Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Saiting Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lilei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Research Centre of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Malheiro A, Wieringa P, Moroni L. Peripheral neurovascular link: an overview of interactions and in vitro models. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:623-638. [PMID: 34127366 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nerves and blood vessels (BVs) establish extensive arborized networks to innervate tissues and deliver oxygen/metabolic support. Developmental cues direct the formation of these intricate and often overlapping patterns, which reflect close interactions within the peripheral neurovascular system. Besides the mutual dependence to survive and function, nerves and BVs share several receptors and ligands, as well as principles of differentiation, growth and pathfinding. Neurovascular (NV) interactions are maintained in adult life and are essential for certain regenerative mechanisms, such as wound healing. In pathological situations (e.g., type 2 diabetes mellitus), the NV system can be severely perturbed and become dysfunctional. Unwanted neural growth and vascularization are also associated with the progression of some pathologies, such as cancer and endometriosis. In this review, we describe the fundamental NV interactions in development, highlighting the similarities between both networks and wiring mechanisms. We also describe the NV contribution to regenerative processes and potential pathological dysfunctions. Finally, we provide an overview of current in vitro models used to replicate and investigate the NV ecosystem, addressing present limitations and future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afonso Malheiro
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Wieringa
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stackhouse TL, Mishra A. Neurovascular Coupling in Development and Disease: Focus on Astrocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:702832. [PMID: 34327206 PMCID: PMC8313501 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.702832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling is a crucial mechanism that matches the high energy demand of the brain with a supply of energy substrates from the blood. Signaling within the neurovascular unit is responsible for activity-dependent changes in cerebral blood flow. The strength and reliability of neurovascular coupling form the basis of non-invasive human neuroimaging techniques, including blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging. Interestingly, BOLD signals are negative in infants, indicating a mismatch between metabolism and blood flow upon neural activation; this response is the opposite of that observed in healthy adults where activity evokes a large oversupply of blood flow. Negative neurovascular coupling has also been observed in rodents at early postnatal stages, further implying that this is a process that matures during development. This rationale is consistent with the morphological maturation of the neurovascular unit, which occurs over a similar time frame. While neurons differentiate before birth, astrocytes differentiate postnatally in rodents and the maturation of their complex morphology during the first few weeks of life links them with synapses and the vasculature. The vascular network is also incomplete in neonates and matures in parallel with astrocytes. Here, we review the timeline of the structural maturation of the neurovascular unit with special emphasis on astrocytes and the vascular tree and what it implies for functional maturation of neurovascular coupling. We also discuss similarities between immature astrocytes during development and reactive astrocytes in disease, which are relevant to neurovascular coupling. Finally, we close by pointing out current gaps in knowledge that must be addressed to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying neurovascular coupling maturation, with the expectation that this may also clarify astrocyte-dependent mechanisms of cerebrovascular impairment in neurodegenerative conditions in which reduced or negative neurovascular coupling is noted, such as stroke and Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L Stackhouse
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
An evidence update on the protective mechanism of tangeretin against neuroinflammation based on network pharmacology prediction and transcriptomic analysis. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174094. [PMID: 34087222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the protective effects of tangeretin on neuroinflammation have been proven in cell and animal experiments, few studies explore its underlying molecular mechanism. In this study, we used the network pharmacology method combined with the transcriptome approach to investigate its underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism in human microglial cells. Based on network pharmacology analysis, four putative target proteins and ten potential pathways were identified. Among them, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the related phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were well-supported by transcriptome data. Meanwhile, transcriptome analysis supplemented two crucial targets: the insulin receptor (InsR) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) receptor. Subsequently, VEGFA, EGFR, IGF-1 receptor, and InsR were further verified on the protein level. Taken together, we assumed that tangeretin could exert protective effects on neuroinflammation by decreasing the expression of VEGFA, EGFR, InsR, and IGF-1 receptor in the PI3K-AKT, MAPK, mTOR signaling pathway. More importantly, it is for the first time to show that the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of tangeretin through VEGFA, EGFR, IGF-1 receptor, InsR, and mTOR signaling pathway. These works offer new insight into the anti-neuroinflammatory functions of tangeretin and propose novel information on further anti-inflammatory mechanism studies.
Collapse
|
14
|
Siddiqui AM, Oswald D, Papamichalopoulos S, Kelly D, Summer P, Polzin M, Hakim J, Schmeichel AM, Chen B, Yaszemski MJ, Windebank AJ, Madigan NN. Defining Spatial Relationships Between Spinal Cord Axons and Blood Vessels in Hydrogel Scaffolds. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 27:648-664. [PMID: 33764164 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Positively charged oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF+) hydrogel scaffolds, implanted into a complete transection spinal cord injury (SCI), facilitate a permissive regenerative environment and provide a platform for controlled observation of repair mechanisms. Axonal regeneration after SCI is critically dependent upon nutrients and oxygen from a newly formed blood supply. Our objective was to investigate fundamental characteristics of revascularization in association with the ingrowth of axons into hydrogel scaffolds, thereby defining spatial relationships between axons and the neovasculature. A novel combination of stereologic estimates and precision image analysis techniques quantitate neurovascular regeneration in rats. Multichannel hydrogel scaffolds containing Matrigel-only (MG), Schwann cells (SCs), or SCs with rapamycin-eluting poly(lactic co-glycolic acid) microspheres (RAPA) were implanted for 6 weeks following complete spinal cord transection. Image analysis of 72 scaffold channels identified a total of 2494 myelinated and 4173 unmyelinated axons at 10 μm circumferential intervals centered around 708 individual blood vessel profiles. Blood vessel number, density, volume, diameter, intervessel distances, total vessel surface and cross-sectional areas, and radial diffusion distances were compared. Axon number and density, blood vessel surface area, and vessel cross-sectional areas in the SC group exceeded that in the MG and RAPA groups. Individual axons were concentrated within a concentric radius of 200-250 μm from blood vessel walls, in Gaussian distributions, which identified a peak axonal number (Mean Peak Amplitude) corresponding to defined distances (Mean Peak Distance) from each vessel, the highest concentrations of axons were relatively excluded from a 25-30 μm zone immediately adjacent to the vessel, and from vessel distances >150 μm. Higher axonal densities correlated with smaller vessel cross-sectional areas. A statistical spatial algorithm was used to generate cumulative distribution F- and G-functions of axonal distribution in the reference channel space. Axons located around blood vessels were definitively organized as clusters and were not randomly distributed. A scoring system stratifies 5 direct measurements and 12 derivative parameters influencing regeneration outcomes. By providing methods to quantify the axonal-vessel relationships, these results may refine spinal cord tissue engineering strategies to optimize the regeneration of complete neurovascular bundles in their relevant spatial relationships after SCI. Impact statement Vascular disruption and impaired neovascularization contribute critically to the poor regenerative capacity of the spinal cord after injury. In this study, hydrogel scaffolds provide a detailed model system to investigate the regeneration of spinal cord axons as they directly associate with individual blood vessels, using novel methods to define their spatial relationships and the physiologic implications of that organization. These results refine future tissue engineering strategies for spinal cord repair to optimize the re-development of complete neurovascular bundles in their relevant spatial architectures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahad M Siddiqui
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - David Oswald
- Program in Human Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Domnhall Kelly
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Priska Summer
- Program in Human Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Polzin
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Jeffrey Hakim
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Ann M Schmeichel
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Bingkun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Michael J Yaszemski
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, Unites States
| | | | - Nicolas N Madigan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Amadio P, Zarà M, Sandrini L, Ieraci A, Barbieri SS. Depression and Cardiovascular Disease: The Viewpoint of Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7560. [PMID: 33066277 PMCID: PMC7589256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a major cause of morbidity and low quality of life among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and it is now considered as an independent risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events. Increasing evidence indicates not only that depression worsens the prognosis of cardiac events, but also that a cross-vulnerability between the two conditions occurs. Among the several mechanisms proposed to explain this interplay, platelet activation is the more attractive, seeing platelets as potential mirror of the brain function. In this review, we dissected the mechanisms linking depression and CVD highlighting the critical role of platelet behavior during depression as trigger of cardiovascular complication. In particular, we will discuss the relationship between depression and molecules involved in the CVD (e.g., catecholamines, adipokines, lipids, reactive oxygen species, and chemokines), emphasizing their impact on platelet activation and related mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Amadio
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanism, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Marta Zarà
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanism, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Leonardo Sandrini
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanism, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (L.S.)
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Silvia Stella Barbieri
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanism, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (M.Z.); (L.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bengoetxea H, Rico-Barrio I, Ortuzar N, Murueta-Goyena A, Lafuente JV. Environmental Enrichment Reverses Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Mediated Impairment Through BDNF-TrkB Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 55:43-59. [PMID: 28842826 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0716-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to an enriched environment (EE) has neuroprotective benefits and improves recovery from brain injury due to, among other, increased neurotrophic factor expression. Through these neurotrophins, important cortical and hippocampal changes occur. Vandetanib acts as a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of cell receptors, among others, the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR). Our aim was to investigate the effectiveness of EE counteracting cognitive and cellular effects after tyrosine kinase receptor blockade. Animals were reared under standard laboratory condition or EE; both groups received vandetanib or vehicle. Visuospatial learning was tested with Morris water maze. Neuronal, interneuronal, and vascular densities were measured by inmunohistochemistry and histochemistry techniques. Quantifications were performed in the hippocampus and in the visual cortex. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase B receptor (TrkB), Akt, and Erk were measured by Western blot technique. Vandetanib produces a significant decrease in vascular and neuronal densities and reduction in the expression of molecules involved in survival and proliferation processes such as phospho-Akt/Akt and phospho-Erk/Erk. These results correlated to a cognitive impairment in visuospatial test. On the other hand, animals reared in an EE are able to reverse the negative effects, activating PI3K-AKT and MAP kinase pathways mediated by BDNF-TrkB binding. Present results provide novel and consistent evidences about the usefulness of living in EE as a strategy to improve deleterious effects of blocking neurotrophic pathways by vandetanib and the notable role of the BDNF-TrkB pathway to balance the neurovascular unit and cognitive effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harkaitz Bengoetxea
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (LaNCE), Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.
| | - Irantzu Rico-Barrio
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena, E-48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Naiara Ortuzar
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (LaNCE), Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Ane Murueta-Goyena
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (LaNCE), Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - José V Lafuente
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience (LaNCE), Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain.,Nanoneurosurgery Group, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain.,Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liang Y, Liu D, Yang F, Pan W, Zeng F, Wu J, Xie H, Li J, Yao S. Perineural invasion in endometriotic lesions contributes to endometriosis-associated pain. J Pain Res 2018; 11:1999-2009. [PMID: 30310304 PMCID: PMC6165785 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s168715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Recent studies have shown that abnormal distribution of pelvic nerves contributes to endometriosis-associated pain. However, the relationship between neurogenesis and pain severity in endometriosis still remains uncertain, which makes it an enigma for both gynecologists as well as neuropathologists. In this study, we tried to explore a special phenomenon, perineural invasion (PNI), in deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) and investigated the correlation between PNI- and DIE-associated pain. Patients and methods The study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from June 2012 to January 2015. In total, 64 patients with DIE were enrolled. They received laparoscopically surgical resection of endometriotic lesions. The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used for comparisons of enumeration data. Spearman rank correlation was used for linear analysis. Results Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that PNI was commonly found in DIE lesions. Patients were divided into PNI (+) group and PNI (−) group. The visual analog scale scores of dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and chronic pelvic pain were higher in PNI (+) group than in PNI (−) group. Also, we found significantly increased density of newly formed nerve fibers as well as microvessels in lesions of PNI (+) group. Further, double immunofluorescence showed a closely spatial nerve–vessel network in the endometriotic lesion of PNI (+) group. More importantly, correlation analysis revealed positive relation between the density of newly formed nerve fibers in the lesion and the density of microvessels in lesions of PNI (+) group. Conclusion This study suggests that PNI in endometriotic lesions plays an important role in endometriosis-associated pain, mainly through a mechanism named “neuroangiogenesis”.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,
| | - Duo Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,
| | - Wenwei Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,
| | - Feitianzhi Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,
| | - Jinjie Wu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hongyu Xie
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuzhong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Deng L, Wan H, Zhou H, Yu L, He Y. Protective effect of hydroxysafflor yellow A alone or in combination with acetylglutamine on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in rat: A PET study using 18F-fuorodeoxyglucose. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 825:119-132. [PMID: 29438705 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) and acetylglutamine (NAG) are extensively applied in the treatment of brain injury. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect and underlying mechanism of HSYA alone or together with NAG using a rat model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 5) were intraperitoneally injected with 5, 10, 20 mg/kg HSYA, 300 mg/kg NAG and 10 mg/kg HSYA+300 mg/kg NAG after the onset of reperfusion and once each day for the following 7 days. After assessing the neurological deficit and infarct volume, we used 18F-FDG-PET to evaluate the regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose consumption, immunohistochemical analysis to detect the expression of GFAP, NGF, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and ICAM-1 in brain tissue at day 7 after cerebral I/R injury. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of ICAM-1, IL-1ß, TNF-α and NF-κB were determined by qRT-PCR, the protein levels of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 were detected by western blot. The results indicated that HSYA significantly up-regulated glucose metabolism, improved neurological function, decreased cerebral infarction volume. HSYA alone or together with NAG attenuated apoptosis and inflammation by up-regulating GFAP, NGF and Bcl-2 expression, suppressing the expression of Bax, caspase-3 and ICAM-1, IL-1ß, TNF-α and NF-κB. These finding suggested that HSYA exerted neuroprotection against cerebral I/R injury by modulating inflammation and apoptosis process, and HSYA in combination with NAG possessed a synergetic effect on protecting cerebral I/R brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Deng
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haitong Wan
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huifen Zhou
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Yu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu He
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
The Neurovascular Unit Coming of Age: A Journey through Neurovascular Coupling in Health and Disease. Neuron 2017; 96:17-42. [PMID: 28957666 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1325] [Impact Index Per Article: 189.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The concept of the neurovascular unit (NVU), formalized at the 2001 Stroke Progress Review Group meeting of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, emphasizes the intimate relationship between the brain and its vessels. Since then, the NVU has attracted the interest of the neuroscience community, resulting in considerable advances in the field. Here the current state of knowledge of the NVU will be assessed, focusing on one of its most vital roles: the coupling between neural activity and blood flow. The evidence supports a conceptual shift in the mechanisms of neurovascular coupling, from a unidimensional process involving neuronal-astrocytic signaling to local blood vessels to a multidimensional one in which mediators released from multiple cells engage distinct signaling pathways and effector systems across the entire cerebrovascular network in a highly orchestrated manner. The recently appreciated NVU dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases, although still poorly understood, supports emerging concepts that maintaining neurovascular health promotes brain health.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang N, Chen J, Ferraro GB, Wu L, Datta M, Jain RK, Plotkin SR, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Xu L. Anti-VEGF treatment improves neurological function in tumors of the nervous system. Exp Neurol 2017; 299:326-333. [PMID: 28911884 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Research of various diseases of the nervous system has shown that VEGF has direct neuroprotective effects in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and indirect effects on improving neuronal vessel perfusion which leads to nerve protection. In the tumors of the nervous system, VEGF plays a critical role in tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression. The effect of anti-VEGF treatment on nerve protection and function has been recently reported - by normalizing the tumor vasculature, anti-VEGF treatment is able to relieve nerve edema and deliver oxygen more efficiently into the nerve, thus reducing nerve damage and improving nerve function. This review aims to summarize the divergent roles of VEGF in diseases of the nervous system and the recent findings of anti-VEGF therapy in nerve damage/regeneration and function in tumors, specifically, in Neurofibromatosis type 2 associated schwannomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Edwin Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jie Chen
- Edwin Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Gino B Ferraro
- Edwin Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Limeng Wu
- Edwin Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Meenal Datta
- Edwin Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Scott R Plotkin
- Department of Neurology and Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
| | - Anat Stemmer-Rachamimov
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Lei Xu
- Edwin Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Joshi R, Buchanan JC, Tavana H. Self-regulatory factors of embryonic stem cells in co-culture with stromal cells enhance neural differentiation. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:418-426. [PMID: 28406502 PMCID: PMC5498101 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00038c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), due to their intrinsic capability to generate somatic cells of all three germ layers, are potential sources of neural cells for cell replacement therapies. However, the empirical differentiation protocols and the lack of mechanistic understanding of the neural differentiation of ESCs have limited the utility of ESCs as a developmental model or as a cell source for neural cell populations for replacement therapies. Co-culturing ESCs with stromal cells is one of the extensively used methods to induce neural differentiation. Despite several studies to identify neural inducing factors in stromal cell induced neural differentiation, the self-regulatory effects of ESCs in the neural differentiation process remain unexplored. For the first time, we elucidate the self-regulatory role of mESCs in their neural cell differentiation by supplementing conditioned media from differentiating mESCs to mESC-PA6 co-cultures and quantitatively evaluating the change in neural differentiation. Moreover, we use statistical tools to analyze the expression of various growth and trophic factors and distinguish the factors produced primarily by PA6 cells versus mESCs in co-culture. We observe that addition of the medium containing mESC-secreted factors to a single mESC colony co-cultured with PA6 cells significantly enhances the neural differentiation of mESCs compares to the medium extracted from the stromal cells only. Hierarchical clustering of gene expression data from PA6 and co-cultured mESCs segregates two groups of factors that are produced by the stromal cells and differentiating mESCs. Identifying the major soluble factors that drive and regulate the neural differentiation process in the mESC-PA6 co-culture niche will help understand molecular mechanisms of neural development. Moreover, it can be a major step toward developing novel protocols to differentiate stem cells with mESC derived factor supplementation without using feeder cells and with greater efficiency compared to existing approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - J. C. Buchanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - H. Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ryan KM, Glaviano A, O'Donovan SM, Kolshus E, Dunne R, Kavanagh A, Jelovac A, Noone M, Tucker GM, Dunn MJ, McLoughlin DM. Electroconvulsive therapy modulates plasma pigment epithelium-derived factor in depression: a proteomics study. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1073. [PMID: 28350398 PMCID: PMC5404616 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for severe depression, yet its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Peripheral blood proteomic analyses may offer insights into the molecular mechanisms of ECT. Patients with a major depressive episode were recruited as part of the EFFECT-Dep trial (enhancing the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in severe depression; ISRCTN23577151) along with healthy controls. As a discovery-phase study, patient plasma pre-/post-ECT (n=30) was analyzed using 2-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Identified proteins were selected for confirmation studies using immunodetection methods. Samples from a separate group of patients (pre-/post-ECT; n=57) and matched healthy controls (n=43) were then used to validate confirmed changes. Target protein mRNA levels were also assessed in rat brain and blood following electroconvulsive stimulation (ECS), the animal model of ECT. We found that ECT significantly altered 121 protein spots with 36 proteins identified by mass spectrometry. Confirmation studies identified a post-ECT increase (P<0.01) in the antiangiogenic and neuroprotective mediator pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). Validation work showed an increase (P<0.001) in plasma PEDF in depressed patients compared with the controls that was further increased post-ECT (P=0.03). PEDF levels were not associated with mood scores. Chronic, but not acute, ECS increased PEDF mRNA in rat hippocampus (P=0.02) and dentate gyrus (P=0.03). This study identified alterations in blood levels of PEDF in depressed patients and further alterations following ECT, as well as in an animal model of ECT. These findings implicate PEDF in the biological response to ECT for depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Ryan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Glaviano
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S M O'Donovan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - E Kolshus
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Dunne
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Kavanagh
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Jelovac
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Noone
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G M Tucker
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M J Dunn
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D M McLoughlin
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St. Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland,Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, St. Patrick's University Hospital, James's Street, Dublin 8, Ireland. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Camaré C, Pucelle M, Nègre-Salvayre A, Salvayre R. Angiogenesis in the atherosclerotic plaque. Redox Biol 2017; 12:18-34. [PMID: 28212521 PMCID: PMC5312547 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifocal alteration of the vascular wall of medium and large arteries characterized by a local accumulation of cholesterol and non-resolving inflammation. Atherothrombotic complications are the leading cause of disability and mortality in western countries. Neovascularization in atherosclerotic lesions plays a major role in plaque growth and instability. The angiogenic process is mediated by classical angiogenic factors and by additional factors specific to atherosclerotic angiogenesis. In addition to its role in plaque progression, neovascularization may take part in plaque destabilization and thromboembolic events. Anti-angiogenic agents are effective to reduce atherosclerosis progression in various animal models. However, clinical trials with anti-angiogenic drugs, mainly anti-VEGF/VEGFR, used in anti-cancer therapy show cardiovascular adverse effects, and require additional investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Camaré
- INSERM - I2MC, U-1048, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France; Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Departement, Toulouse, France; CHU Toulouse, Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Mélanie Pucelle
- INSERM - I2MC, U-1048, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France
| | - Anne Nègre-Salvayre
- INSERM - I2MC, U-1048, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
| | - Robert Salvayre
- INSERM - I2MC, U-1048, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, BP 84225, 31432 Toulouse cedex 4, France; Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Faculty of Medicine, Biochemistry Departement, Toulouse, France; CHU Toulouse, Rangueil, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, TSA 50032, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Aredo JV, Heyrana KJ, Karp BI, Shah JP, Stratton P. Relating Chronic Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis to Signs of Sensitization and Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction. Semin Reprod Med 2017; 35:88-97. [PMID: 28049214 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1597123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pelvic pain is a frustrating symptom for patients with endometriosis and is frequently refractory to hormonal and surgical management. While these therapies target ectopic endometrial lesions, they do not directly address pain due to central sensitization of the nervous system and myofascial dysfunction, which can continue to generate pain from myofascial trigger points even after traditional treatments are optimized. This article provides a background for understanding how endometriosis facilitates remodeling of neural networks, contributing to sensitization and generation of myofascial trigger points. A framework for evaluating such sensitization and myofascial trigger points in a clinical setting is presented. Treatments that specifically address myofascial pain secondary to spontaneously painful myofascial trigger points and their putative mechanisms of action are also reviewed, including physical therapy, dry needling, anesthetic injections, and botulinum toxin injections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline V Aredo
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Clinical Center, Intramural Research Program NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Katrina J Heyrana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Barbara I Karp
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Clinical Center, Intramural Research Program NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jay P Shah
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, Clinical Center, Intramural Research Program NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pamela Stratton
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Clinical Center, Intramural Research Program NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Micro-CT as a Tool to Investigate the Efficacy of Tetramethylpyrazine in a Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2016; 41:1272-1278. [PMID: 26953664 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000001546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN The micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was applied to assess the effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) on experimental spinal cord injury (SCI). OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to explore the therapeutic effect of TMP on a rat SCI model using micro-CT. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA SCI is a devastating event and always accompanied by severe vascular injury. Promoting angiogenesis after SCI has recently been recognized as a potential way to enhance the neurological function recovery. How the TMP promotes angiogenesis and improved locomotor function recovery after SCI has, however, not been fully clarified. In this study, we used micro-CT to evaluate the effect on the microvasculature changes after TMP treatment. METHODS The contusion SCI model was induced in rats by a modified Allen's impact method. In the TMP treatment group, rats were injected intraperitoneally with TMP. The control group was treated with saline. Hindlimb motor function was evaluated using the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan score. Histology was employed to examine the pathological changes and quantified at 28 days after injury. Spinal cord vessel network and angiogenesis were assessed using micro-CT. RESULTS Angiogenesis was increased in groups treated with TMP compared with rat in the control groups (P < 0.05). Micro-CT vividly depicted the three-dimensional morphology changes of the spinal cord microvasculature after injury and demonstrated more vessels number, vessel volume fraction, and vessel connectivity value in the groups treated with TMP than in the control groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the injury-induced lesion area in TMP group was attenuated in comparison with control groups. Similarly, neurological functions were greatly improved in groups treated with TMP compared with rats in the control groups. CONCLUSION Micro-CT is useful for detecting angiogenesis after SCI. TMP therapy reduced the neuronal loss, promoted angiogenesis, and exerted a positive effect on neurological function recovery after SCI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
Collapse
|
26
|
Sun FJ, Wei YJ, Li S, Guo W, Chen X, Liu SY, He JJ, Yin Q, Yang H, Zhang CQ. Elevated Expression of VEGF-C and Its Receptors, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3, in Patients with Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 59:241-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
27
|
Wang T, Duan S, Wang H, Sun S, Han B, Fu F. Neurological function following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion is improved by the Ruyi Zhenbao pill in a rats. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:161-166. [PMID: 26893831 PMCID: PMC4734183 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of the Ruyi Zhenbao pill on neurological function following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion following reperfusion. The rats received intragastrically either sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (control and model groups) or Ruyi Zhenbao pill at doses of 0.2, 0.4 or 0.8 g/kg. Neurological function was assessed by cylinder, adhesive and beam-walking tests after 14-day Ruyi Zhenbao pill treatment. Neurogenesis and angiogenesis were detected using immunofluorescence staining. The expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Treatment with 0.4 and 0.8 g/kg Ruyi Zhenbao for 14 days significantly improved neurological function, and increased the number of von Willebrand Factor- and neuronal nuclear antigen-positive cells in the ischemic hemisphere of rats. Ruyi Zhenbao pill treatment also significantly enhanced the expression levels of BDNF, NGF and VEGF in the ischemic hemisphere. The results demonstrated that the Ruyi Zhenbao pill improved neurological function following ischemia in rats. The mechanisms of the Ruyi Zhenbao pill are associated with increasing the expression levels of BDNF, NGF and VEGF, and subsequently promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the ischemic zone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P.R. China
| | - Sijin Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Shandong ARURA Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250101, P.R. China
| | - Shan Sun
- Shandong ARURA Pharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250101, P.R. China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Food Safety, School of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P.R. China
| | - Fenghua Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yu S, Liu YP, Liu YH, Jiao SS, Liu L, Wang YJ, Fu WL. Diagnostic utility of VEGF and soluble CD40L levels in serum of Alzheimer's patients. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 453:154-9. [PMID: 26706786 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive blood-based biomarkers are eagerly awaited for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present study aimed to evaluate the individual and combined diagnostic value of soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for AD. METHODS Fifty patients with AD and forty gender and age-matched control participants with standardized clinical assessments and neuroimaging measures were enrolled. VEGF and sCD40L were qualified in 90 subjects using immunomagnetic beads assay. RESULTS To evaluate the individual and combined diagnostic value of sCD40L and VEGF for AD, receiver operating characteristic curves were generated and logistic regression analysis was conducted. The AUCs (area under ROCs) of sCD40L and VEGF and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were 0.824 (95% CI: 0.737-0.910) and 0.731 (95% CI: 0.622-0.839), respectively. Combined ROC analysis based on these 2 biomarkers revealed an elevated AUC of 0.858 (95% CI: 0.775-0.941), which indicates an additive effect in the diagnostic value of these two biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS We identified the feasibility of a blood-based biomarker approach in AD diagnostics though the results warrant validation in large-scale studies. A combination of sCD40L and VEGF could be a useful diagnostic biomarker for future clinical trials with AD and may act as a suitable add-on biomarker to the panel of markers already existing for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yue-Ping Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yu-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital and Institute of Field Surgery, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Shu-Sheng Jiao
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital and Institute of Field Surgery, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital and Institute of Field Surgery, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
| | - Wei-Ling Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Della-Morte D, Riondino S, Ferroni P, Palmirotta R, Pastore D, Lauro D, Guadagni F, Roselli M. Impact of VEGF gene polymorphisms in elderly cancer patients: clinical outcome and toxicity. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:61-78. [PMID: 25560471 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.14.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are the key regulators in angiogenesis and have been shown to play a significant role in the progression and prognosis of angiogenesis-related diseases, such as cancer. VEGF inhibitors are a current pharmacological tumoral strategy. However, despite the strong association between aging and cancer incidence and progression, recent findings suggest impaired angiogenesis accompanied by a reduced expression of VEGF in cells derived from aging subjects. Specific variations of VEGF genes have been demonstrated to be genetic determinants for susceptibility, outcome and therapy response, especially for the solid tumors. Considering the complications present in frail elderly patients, analysis of VEGF genetic polymorphisms in these subjects may further help in tailoring an angiogenic pharmacological strategy, and in improving our ability to better understand prognosis during therapy-related to cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Della-Morte
- Department of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chen WH, Mao CQ, Zhuo LL, Ong JL. Beta-nerve growth factor promotes neurogenesis and angiogenesis during the repair of bone defects. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1159-65. [PMID: 26330843 PMCID: PMC4541251 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.160114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that the repair of bone defects is regulated by neural and vascular signals. In the present study, we examined the effect of topically applied β-nerve growth factor (β-NGF) on neurogenesis and angiogenesis in critical-sized bone defects filled with collagen bone substitute. We created two symmetrical defects, 2.5 mm in diameter, on either side of the parietal bone of the skull, and filled them with bone substitute. Subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps were used to infuse 10 μg β-NGF in PBS (β-NGF + PBS) into the right-hand side defect, and PBS into the left (control) defect, over the 7 days following surgery. Immunohistochemical staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining were carried out at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days postoperatively. On day 7, expression of β III-tubulin was lower on the β-NGF + PBS side than on the control side, and that of neurofilament 160 was greater. On day 14, β III-tubulin and protein gene product 9.5 were greater on the β-NGF + PBS side than on the control side. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression was greater on the experimental side than the control side at 7 days, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression was elevated on days 14 and 21, but lower than control levels on day 28. However, no difference in the number of blood vessels was observed between sides. Our results indicate that topical application of β-NGF promoted neurogenesis, and may modulate angiogenesis by promoting nerve regeneration in collagen bone substitute-filled defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-hui Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chuan-qing Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Li-li Zhuo
- Department of Oral Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Joo L. Ong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bernard-Gauthier V, Aliaga A, Aliaga A, Boudjemeline M, Hopewell R, Kostikov A, Rosa-Neto P, Thiel A, Schirrmacher R. Syntheses and evaluation of carbon-11- and fluorine-18-radiolabeled pan-tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) inhibitors: exploration of the 4-aza-2-oxindole scaffold as Trk PET imaging agents. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:260-76. [PMID: 25350780 DOI: 10.1021/cn500193f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinases (TrkA/B/C) are critically involved in the development of the nervous system, in neurological disorders as well as in multiple neoplasms of both neural and non-neural origins. The development of Trk radiopharmaceuticals would offer unique opportunities toward a more complete understanding of this emerging therapeutic target. To that end, we first developed [(11)C]GW441756 ([(11)C]9), a high affinity photoisomerizable pan-Trk inhibitor, as a lead radiotracer for our positron emission tomography (PET) program. Efficient carbon-11 radiolabeling afforded [(11)C]9 in high radiochemical yields (isolated RCY, 25.9% ± 5.7%). In vitro autoradiographic studies in rat brain and TrkB-expressing human neuroblastoma cryosections confirmed that [(11)C]9 specifically binds to Trk receptors in vitro. MicroPET studies revealed that binding of [(11)C]9 in the rodent brain was mostly nonspecific despite initial high brain uptake (SUVmax = 2.0). Modeling studies of the 4-aza-2-oxindole scaffold led to the successful identification of a small series of high affinity fluorinated and methoxy derivatized pan-Trk inhibitors based on our lead compound 9. Out of this series, the fluorinated compound 10 was selected for initial evaluation and radiolabeled with fluorine-18 (isolated RCY, 2.5% ± 0.6%). Compound [(18)F]10 demonstrated excellent Trk selectivity in a panel of cancer relevant kinase targets and a promising in vitro profile in tumors and brain sections but high oxidative metabolic susceptibility leading to nonspecific brain distribution in vivo. The information gained in this study will guide further exploration of the 4-aza-2-oxindole scaffold as a lead for Trk PET ligand development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Experimental
Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, 1110 Pine
Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Arturo Aliaga
- Translational
Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Antonio Aliaga
- McConnell
Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Mehdi Boudjemeline
- McConnell
Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Robert Hopewell
- McConnell
Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexey Kostikov
- McConnell
Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Translational
Neuroimaging Laboratory, McGill Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 Boulevard LaSalle, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Alexander Thiel
- Department
of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote St. Catherine Rd., Montreal, Quebec H2T 1E2, Canada
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Department
of Oncology, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
- McConnell
Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Figley SA, Liu Y, Karadimas SK, Satkunendrarajah K, Fettes P, Spratt SK, Lee G, Ando D, Surosky R, Giedlin M, Fehlings MG. Delayed administration of a bio-engineered zinc-finger VEGF-A gene therapy is neuroprotective and attenuates allodynia following traumatic spinal cord injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96137. [PMID: 24846143 PMCID: PMC4028194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Following spinal cord injury (SCI) there are drastic changes that occur in the spinal microvasculature, including ischemia, hemorrhage, endothelial cell death and blood-spinal cord barrier disruption. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a pleiotropic factor recognized for its pro-angiogenic properties; however, VEGF has recently been shown to provide neuroprotection. We hypothesized that delivery of AdV-ZFP-VEGF--an adenovirally delivered bio-engineered zinc-finger transcription factor that promotes endogenous VEGF-A expression--would result in angiogenesis, neuroprotection and functional recovery following SCI. This novel VEGF gene therapy induces the endogenous production of multiple VEGF-A isoforms; a critical factor for proper vascular development and repair. Briefly, female Wistar rats--under cyclosporin immunosuppression--received a 35 g clip-compression injury and were administered AdV-ZFP-VEGF or AdV-eGFP at 24 hours post-SCI. qRT-PCR and Western Blot analysis of VEGF-A mRNA and protein, showed significant increases in VEGF-A expression in AdV-ZFP-VEGF treated animals (p<0.001 and p<0.05, respectively). Analysis of NF200, TUNEL, and RECA-1 indicated that AdV-ZFP-VEGF increased axonal preservation (p<0.05), reduced cell death (p<0.01), and increased blood vessels (p<0.01), respectively. Moreover, AdV-ZFP-VEGF resulted in a 10% increase in blood vessel proliferation (p<0.001). Catwalk™ analysis showed AdV-ZFP-VEGF treatment dramatically improves hindlimb weight support (p<0.05) and increases hindlimb swing speed (p<0.02) when compared to control animals. Finally, AdV-ZFP-VEGF administration provided a significant reduction in allodynia (p<0.01). Overall, the results of this study indicate that AdV-ZFP-VEGF administration can be delivered in a clinically relevant time-window following SCI (24 hours) and provide significant molecular and functional benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Figley
- Department of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, and Spinal Program, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, and Spinal Program, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Spyridon K Karadimas
- Department of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, and Spinal Program, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kajana Satkunendrarajah
- Department of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, and Spinal Program, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Fettes
- Department of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, and Spinal Program, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Kaye Spratt
- Department of Therapeutic Development, Sangamo BioSciences, Pt. Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Gary Lee
- Department of Therapeutic Development, Sangamo BioSciences, Pt. Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Dale Ando
- Department of Therapeutic Development, Sangamo BioSciences, Pt. Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Richard Surosky
- Department of Therapeutic Development, Sangamo BioSciences, Pt. Richmond, California, United States of America
| | - Martin Giedlin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Department of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, and Spinal Program, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Figley SA, Khosravi R, Legasto JM, Tseng YF, Fehlings MG. Characterization of vascular disruption and blood-spinal cord barrier permeability following traumatic spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2014; 31:541-52. [PMID: 24237182 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2013.3034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant vascular changes occur subsequent to spinal cord injury (SCI), which contribute to progressive pathophysiology. In the present study, we used female Wistar rats (300-350 g) and a 35-g clip-compression injury at T6 to T7 to characterize the spatial and temporal vascular changes that ensue post-SCI. Before sacrifice, animals were injected with vascular tracing dyes (2% Evans Blue (EB) or fluorescein isothiocyanate/Lycopersicon esculentum agglutinin [FITC-LEA]) to assess blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) integrity or vascular architecture, respectively. Spectrophotometry of EB tissue showed maximal BSCB disruption at 24 h postinjury, with significant disruption observed until 5 days postinjury (p<0.01). FITC-LEA-identified functional vasculature was dramatically reduced by 24 h. Similarly, RECA-1 immunohistochemistry showed a significant decrease in the number of vessels at 24 h postinjury, compared to uninjured animals (p<0.01), with slight increases in endogenous revascularization by 10 days postinjury. White versus gray matter (GM) quantification showed that GM vessels are more susceptible to SCI. Finally, we observed an endogenous angiogenic response between 3 and 7 days postinjury: maximal endothelial cell proliferation was observed at day 5. These data indicate that BSCB disruption and endogenous revascularization occur at specific time points after injury, which may be important for developing effective therapeutic interventions for SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Figley
- 1 Department of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Research Institute, and Spinal Program, Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wittko-Schneider IM, Schneider FT, Plate KH. Cerebral angiogenesis during development: who is conducting the orchestra? Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1135:3-20. [PMID: 24510850 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0320-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessels provide the brain with the oxygen and the nutrients it requires to develop and function. Endothelial cells (ECs) are the principal cell type forming the vascular system and driving its development and remodeling. All vessels are lined by a single EC layer. Larger blood vessels are additionally enveloped by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and pericytes, which increase their stability and regulate their perfusion and form the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The development of the vascular system occurs by two processes: (1) vasculogenesis, the de novo assembly of the first blood vessels, and (2) angiogenesis, the creation of new blood vessels from preexisting ones by sprouting from or by division of the original vessel. The walls of maturing vessels produce a basal lamina and recruit pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells for structural support. Whereas the process of vasculogenesis seems to be genetically programmed, angiogenesis is induced mainly by hypoxia in development and disease. Both processes and the subsequent vessel maturation are further orchestrated by a complex interplay of inhibiting and stimulating growth factors and their respective receptors, many of which are hypoxia-inducible. This chapter intends to give an overview about the array of factors directing the development and maintenance of the brain vasculature and their interdependent actions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina M Wittko-Schneider
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yanev S, Aloe L, Fiore M, Chaldakov GN. Neurotrophic and metabotrophic potential of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor: Linking cardiometabolic and neuropsychiatric diseases. World J Pharmacol 2013; 2:92-99. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v2.i4.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of biggest recent achievements of neurobiology is the study on neurotrophic factors. The neurotrophins are exciting examples of these factors. They belong to a family of proteins consisting of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), NT-4/5, NT-6, and NT-7. Today, NGF and BDNF are well recognized to mediate a dizzying number of trophobiological effects, ranging from neurotrophic through immunotrophic and epitheliotrophic to metabotrophic effects. These are implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. In the same vein, recent studies in adipobiology reveal that this tissue is the body’s largest endocrine and paracrine organ producing multiple signaling proteins collectively termed adipokines, with NGF and BDNF being also produced from adipose tissue. Altogether, neurobiology and adipobiology contribute to the improvement of our knowledge on diseases beyond obesity such as cardiometabolic (atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome) and neuropsychiatric (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease and depression) diseases. The present review updates evidence for (1) neurotrophic and metabotrophic potentials of NGF and BDNF linking the pathogenesis of these diseases, and (2) NGF- and BDNF-mediated effects in ampakines, NMDA receptor antagonists, antidepressants, selective deacetylase inhibitors, statins, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists, and purinergic P2X3 receptor up-regulation. This may help to construct a novel paradigm in the field of translational pharmacology of neuro-metabotrophins, particularly NGF and BDNF.
Collapse
|
36
|
ALS and oxidative stress: the neurovascular scenario. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:635831. [PMID: 24367722 PMCID: PMC3866720 DOI: 10.1155/2013/635831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and angiogenic factors have been placed as the prime focus of scientific investigations after an establishment of link between vascular endothelial growth factor promoter (VEGF), hypoxia, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) pathogenesis. Deletion of the hypoxia-response element in the vascular endothelial growth factor promoter and mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) which are characterised by atrophy and muscle weakness resulted in phenotype resembling human ALS in mice. This results in lower motor neurodegeneration thus establishing an important link between motor neuron degeneration, vasculature, and angiogenic molecules. In this review, we have presented human, animal, and in vitro studies which suggest that molecules like VEGF have a therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic potential in ALS. Involvement of vascular growth factors and hypoxia response elements also highlights the converging role of oxidative stress and neurovascular network for understanding and treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders like ALS.
Collapse
|
37
|
Motawi TK, Rizk SM, Ibrahim IAR, El-Emady YF. Alterations in circulating angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in type 2 diabetic patients with neuropathy. Cell Biochem Funct 2013; 32:155-63. [PMID: 23913471 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common diabetic chronic complications. There is an increased attention directed towards the role of angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-angiogenic factors including soluble endoglin (sEng) as contributors to diabetic microvascular complications including neuropathy. The purposes of this study were to determine the role of these angiogenesis regulators in the prognosis of DPN. The study group included 60 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 20 clinically healthy individuals. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I included 20 T2DM patients without peripheral neuropathy, and Group II consisted of 40 T2DM patients with DPN. In all groups, plasma VEGF, sEng and endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide and ET-1 mRNA were estimated. Plasma levels of VEGF, sEng, ET-1 and nitric oxide were significantly elevated in diabetic patients (Groups I and II) compared with healthy control subjects, with a higher increase in their levels in patients with DPN compared with diabetic patients without peripheral neuropathy. Measurement of plasma levels of angiogenesis-related biomarkers in high-risk diabetic patients might identify who later develop DPN, thus providing opportunities for early detection and targets for novel treatments.
Collapse
|
38
|
Triolo O, Laganà AS, Sturlese E. Chronic pelvic pain in endometriosis: an overview. J Clin Med Res 2013; 5:153-63. [PMID: 23671540 PMCID: PMC3651065 DOI: 10.4021/jocmr1288w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) could be considered nowadays a deep health problem that challenges physicians all over the world. This because its aetiology is still unclear, the course of the disease could vary a lot among different patients and through time in the same patient, and the response to treatments is not every time successful. Among women who underwent laparoscopy for CPP, endometriosis is found in about 1/3 of the cases, while only 25% of women with histological confirmed endometriosis are asymptomatic. A wide range of variables may exert their influence on the resulting pain syndrome in endometriosis; for example, score according to American society for reproductive medicine (rASRM), size of the sub-peritoneal and pelvic wall implants, Douglas obliteration, previous surgery. It is widely accepted nowadays that central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) seems to influence each other and this interconnection play a key role in pain modulation. Moreover, the phenomena induced by endometriosis in the pelvis, including the breakdown of peritoneal homeostasis and the induction of the production of proinflammatory and proangiogenic cytokines, are responsible of altered innervations and modulation of pain pathways in these patients. There are many proposed medical and surgical approach to treat this painful syndrome, although there is necessity of more efforts to create new non-invasive strategies that set a more accurate diagnosis of the causes of endometriotic-related CPP, and therefore facilitate its eradication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onofrio Triolo
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina - Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina - Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuele Sturlese
- Department of Pediatric, Gynecological, Microbiological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Messina - Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vascular endothelial growth factor B prevents the shift in the ocular dominance distribution of visual cortical neurons in monocularly deprived rats. Exp Eye Res 2013; 109:17-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
40
|
Interactions between VEGFR and Notch signaling pathways in endothelial and neural cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:1779-92. [PMID: 23479133 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Notch cell interaction mechanism governs cell fate decisions in many different cell contexts throughout the lifetime of all Metazoan species. It links the fate of one cell to that of its neighbors through cell-to-cell contacts, and binding of Notch receptors expressed on one cell to their membrane bound ligands on an adjacent cell. Environmental cues, such as growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules, superimpose a dynamic regulation on this canonical Notch signaling pathway. In this review, we will focus on Notch signaling in the vertebrate vascular and nervous systems and examine its role in angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and neurovascular interactions. We will also highlight the molecular relationships of the Notch pathway with vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their high-affinity tyrosine kinase VEGF receptors, key regulators of both angiogenesis and neurogenesis.
Collapse
|
41
|
Wittko-Schneider IM, Schneider FT, Plate KH. Brain homeostasis: VEGF receptor 1 and 2-two unequal brothers in mind. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:1705-25. [PMID: 23475067 PMCID: PMC3632714 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1279-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), initially thought to act specifically on the vascular system, exert trophic effects on neural cells during development and adulthood. Therefore, the VEGF system serves as a promising therapeutic target for brain pathologies, but its simultaneous action on vascular cells paves the way for harmful side effects. To circumvent these deleterious effects, many studies have aimed to clarify whether VEGFs directly affect neural cells or if the effects are mediated secondarily via other cell types, like vascular cells. A great number of reports have shown the expression and function of VEGF receptors (VEGFRs), mainly VEGFR-1 and -2, in neural cells, where VEGFR-2 has been described as the major mediator of VEGF-A signals. This review aims to summarize and compare the divergent roles of VEGFR-1 and -2 during CNS development and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina M Wittko-Schneider
- Neuroscience Center, Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Goethe University Medical School, Heinrich-Hoffmann Strasse 7, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
An environmental analysis of genes associated with schizophrenia: hypoxia and vascular factors as interacting elements in the neurodevelopmental model. Mol Psychiatry 2012; 17:1194-205. [PMID: 22290124 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Investigating and understanding gene-environment interaction (G × E) in a neurodevelopmentally and biologically plausible manner is a major challenge for schizophrenia research. Hypoxia during neurodevelopment is one of several environmental factors related to the risk of schizophrenia, and links between schizophrenia candidate genes and hypoxia regulation or vascular expression have been proposed. Given the availability of a wealth of complex genetic information on schizophrenia in the literature without knowledge on the connections to environmental factors, we now systematically collected genes from candidate studies (using SzGene), genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and copy number variation (CNV) analyses, and then applied four criteria to test for a (theoretical) link to ischemia-hypoxia and/or vascular factors. In all, 55% of the schizophrenia candidate genes (n=42 genes) met the criteria for a link to ischemia-hypoxia and/or vascular factors. Genes associated with schizophrenia showed a significant, threefold enrichment among genes that were derived from microarray studies of the ischemia-hypoxia response (IHR) in the brain. Thus, the finding of a considerable match between genes associated with the risk of schizophrenia and IHR and/or vascular factors is reproducible. An additional survey of genes identified by GWAS and CNV analyses suggested novel genes that match the criteria. Findings for interactions between specific variants of genes proposed to be IHR and/or vascular factors with obstetric complications in patients with schizophrenia have been reported in the literature. Therefore, the extended gene set defined here may form a reasonable and evidence-based starting point for hypothesis-based testing of G × E interactions in clinical genetic and translational neuroscience studies.
Collapse
|
43
|
Plate KH, Scholz A, Dumont DJ. Tumor angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic therapy in malignant gliomas revisited. Acta Neuropathol 2012; 124:763-75. [PMID: 23143192 PMCID: PMC3508273 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-012-1066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis and its prospects for anti-angiogenic cancer therapy are major issues in almost all current concepts of both cancer biology and targeted cancer therapy. Currently, (1) sprouting angiogenesis, (2) vascular co-option, (3) vascular intussusception, (4) vasculogenic mimicry, (5) bone marrow-derived vasculogenesis, (6) cancer stem-like cell-derived vasculogenesis and (7) myeloid cell-driven angiogenesis are all considered to contribute to tumor angiogenesis. Many of these processes have been described in developmental angiogenesis; however, the relative contribution and relevance of these in human brain cancer remain unclear. Preclinical tumor models support a role for sprouting angiogenesis, vascular co-option and myeloid cell-derived angiogenesis in glioma vascularization, whereas a role for the other four mechanisms remains controversial and rather enigmatic. The anti-angiogenesis drug Avastin (Bevacizumab), which targets VEGF, has become one of the most popular cancer drugs in the world. Anti-angiogenic therapy may lead to vascular normalization and as such facilitate conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. However, preclinical and clinical studies suggest that anti-VEGF therapy using bevacizumab may also lead to a pro-migratory phenotype in therapy resistant glioblastomas and thus actively promote tumor invasion and recurrent tumor growth. This review focusses on (1) mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis in human malignant glioma that are of particular relevance for targeted therapy and (2) controversial issues in tumor angiogenesis such as cancer stem-like cell-derived vasculogenesis and bone-marrow-derived vasculogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl H Plate
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hota PK, Buck M. Plexin structures are coming: opportunities for multilevel investigations of semaphorin guidance receptors, their cell signaling mechanisms, and functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3765-805. [PMID: 22744749 PMCID: PMC11115013 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plexin transmembrane receptors and their semaphorin ligands, as well as their co-receptors (Neuropilin, Integrin, VEGFR2, ErbB2, and Met kinase) are emerging as key regulatory proteins in a wide variety of developmental, regenerative, but also pathological processes. The diverse arenas of plexin function are surveyed, including roles in the nervous, cardiovascular, bone and skeletal, and immune systems. Such different settings require considerable specificity among the plexin and semaphorin family members which in turn are accompanied by a variety of cell signaling networks. Underlying the latter are the mechanistic details of the interactions and catalytic events at the molecular level. Very recently, dramatic progress has been made in solving the structures of plexins and of their complexes with associated proteins. This molecular level information is now suggesting detailed mechanisms for the function of both the extracellular as well as the intracellular plexin regions. Specifically, several groups have solved structures for extracellular domains for plexin-A2, -B1, and -C1, many in complex with semaphorin ligands. On the intracellular side, the role of small Rho GTPases has been of particular interest. These directly associate with plexin and stimulate a GTPase activating (GAP) function in the plexin catalytic domain to downregulate Ras GTPases. Structures for the Rho GTPase binding domains have been presented for several plexins, some with Rnd1 bound. The entire intracellular domain structure of plexin-A1, -A3, and -B1 have also been solved alone and in complex with Rac1. However, key aspects of the interplay between GTPases and plexins remain far from clear. The structural information is helping the plexin field to focus on key questions at the protein structural, cellular, as well as organism level that collaboratoria of investigations are likely to answer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanta K. Hota
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Matthias Buck
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lafuente JV, Ortuzar N, Bengoetxea H, Bulnes S, Argandoña EG. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Other Angioglioneurins. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2012; 102:317-46. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386986-9.00012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
46
|
Clemessy M, Janzer RC, Lhermitte B, Gasc JM, Juillerat-Jeanneret L. Expression of dual angiogenic/neurogenic growth factors in human primary brain tumors. J Neurooncol 2011; 107:29-36. [PMID: 21979892 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-011-0715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors, benign or malignant, are characterized by a very high degree of vascularization. Recent accumulating evidence suggests that during development the neuronal wiring follows the same routes as the vasculature and that these two systems may share some of the same factors for guidance. Thus, expression of dual angiogenic/neurogenic growth factors was evaluated by in situ hybridization in human primary brain tumors of three different types, i.e., astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and ependymomas, of increasing grades, in relation with the grade and type of the tumor. For this evaluation we selected vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) and its receptors VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2 and the neuropilins 1 and 2 (NRP-1 and NRP-2), which have proangiogenic properties, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor-beta (PDGF-Rβ), which is required for the functional maturation of blood vessels, the ephrins and their Eph receptors, angiotensinogen (AGT) and thrombospondin-2 (TSP-2), which have potential antiangiogenic properties, and netrin-1 (Net-1), which regulates vascular architecture. We show that the expression of the VEGF-NRP system, PDGF-Rβ, TSP-2, AGT, and Net-1 are differentially regulated, either increased or decreased, in relation with the type and grade of the tumor, whereas regulation of the ephrinB system does not seem to be relevant in these human brain tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maud Clemessy
- INSERM U833, Collège-de-France, 11 place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhang CQ, Shu HF, Yin Q, An N, Xu SL, Yin JB, Song YC, Liu SY, Yang H. Expression and cellular distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor-C system in cortical tubers of the tuberous sclerosis complex. Brain Pathol 2011; 22:205-18. [PMID: 21767323 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2011.00519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical tubers are malformations of cortical development in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), and highly associated with pediatric intractable epilepsy. Recent evidence has shown that signaling mediated through vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and its receptors, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3, has direct effects on both neurons and glial cells. To understand the potential role of VEGF-C system in the pathogenesis of cortical tubers, we investigated the expression patterns of VEGF-C signaling in cortical tubers compared with age-matched normal control cortex (CTX). We found that VEGF-C, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 were clearly upregulated in tubers at both the mRNA and protein levels, compared with CTX. The in situ hybridization and immunostaining results demonstrated that VEGF-C, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 were highly expressed in dysplastic neurons (DNs), giant cells (GCs) and reactive astrocytes within tubers. Most DNs/GCs expressing VEGF-C and its receptors co-labeled with neuronal rather than astrocytic markers, suggesting a neuronal lineage. In addition, protein levels of Akt-1, p-Bad and ERK1/2, the important downstream factors of the VEGF-C pathway, were significantly increased in cortical tubers, indicating involvement of VEGF-C-dependent prosurvival signaling in cortical tubers. Taken together, our results suggest a putative role for the VEGF-C signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of cortical tubers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Qing Zhang
- Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Distribution of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3/Flt4 mRNA in adult rat central nervous system. J Chem Neuroanat 2011; 42:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 05/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
49
|
Piltonen M, Planken A, Leskelä O, Myöhänen T, Hänninen AL, Auvinen P, Alitalo K, Andressoo JO, Saarma M, Männistö P. Vascular endothelial growth factor C acts as a neurotrophic factor for dopamine neurons in vitro and in vivo. Neuroscience 2011; 192:550-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.06.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
50
|
Zygmunt T, Gay CM, Blondelle J, Singh MK, Flaherty KM, Means PC, Herwig L, Krudewig A, Belting HG, Affolter M, Epstein JA, Torres-Vázquez J. Semaphorin-PlexinD1 signaling limits angiogenic potential via the VEGF decoy receptor sFlt1. Dev Cell 2011; 21:301-14. [PMID: 21802375 PMCID: PMC3156278 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2011.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sprouting angiogenesis expands the embryonic vasculature enabling survival and homeostasis. Yet how the angiogenic capacity to form sprouts is allocated among endothelial cells (ECs) to guarantee the reproducible anatomy of stereotypical vascular beds remains unclear. Here we show that Sema-PlxnD1 signaling, previously implicated in sprout guidance, represses angiogenic potential to ensure the proper abundance and stereotypical distribution of the trunk's segmental arteries (SeAs). We find that Sema-PlxnD1 signaling exerts this effect by antagonizing the proangiogenic activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Specifically, Sema-PlxnD1 signaling ensures the proper endothelial abundance of soluble flt1 (sflt1), an alternatively spliced form of the VEGF receptor Flt1 encoding a potent secreted decoy. Hence, Sema-PlxnD1 signaling regulates distinct but related aspects of angiogenesis: the spatial allocation of angiogenic capacity within a primary vessel and sprout guidance.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Aorta/anatomy & histology
- Aorta/embryology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Transplantation/physiology
- Embryo, Nonmammalian
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/physiology
- Endothelium/cytology
- Endothelium/embryology
- Endothelium/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics
- In Vitro Techniques
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/physiology
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Quinoxalines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Semaphorins/genetics
- Semaphorins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Thiazolidinediones/pharmacology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/deficiency
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/metabolism
- Zebrafish
- Zebrafish Proteins/genetics
- Zebrafish Proteins/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Zygmunt
- Department of Cell Biology, Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|