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Kitagawa Y, Kobayashi A, Cahill DP, Wakimoto H, Tanaka S. Molecular biology and novel therapeutics for IDH mutant gliomas: The new era of IDH inhibitors. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189102. [PMID: 38653436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas with Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation represent a discrete category of primary brain tumors with distinct and unique characteristics, behaviors, and clinical disease outcomes. IDH mutations lead to aberrant high-level production of the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG), which act as a competitive inhibitor of enzymes regulating epigenetics, signaling pathways, metabolism, and various other processes. This review summarizes the significance of IDH mutations, resulting upregulation of D-2HG and the associated molecular pathways in gliomagenesis. With the recent finding of clinically effective IDH inhibitors in these gliomas, this article offers a comprehensive overview of the new era of innovative therapeutic approaches based on mechanistic rationales, encompassing both completed and ongoing clinical trials targeting gliomas with IDH mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kitagawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02114 Boston, MA, USA; Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02114 Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 1138655 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ami Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02115 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02114 Boston, MA, USA; Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02114 Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02114 Boston, MA, USA; Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02114 Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Shota Tanaka
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7008558, Okayama, Japan
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Núñez FJ, Banerjee K, Mujeeb AA, Mauser A, Tronrud CE, Zhu Z, Taher A, Kadiyala P, Carney SV, Garcia-Fabiani MB, Comba A, Alghamri MS, McClellan BL, Faisal SM, Nwosu ZC, Hong HS, Qin T, Sartor MA, Ljungman M, Cheng SY, Appelman HD, Lowenstein PR, Lahann J, Lyssiotis CA, Castro MG. Epigenetic Reprogramming of Autophagy Drives Mutant IDH1 Glioma Progression and Response to Radiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584091. [PMID: 38559270 PMCID: PMC10979892 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (mIDH1; IDH1 R132H ) exhibits a gain of function mutation enabling 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) production. 2HG inhibits DNA and histone demethylases, inducing epigenetic reprogramming and corresponding changes to the transcriptome. We previously demonstrated 2HG-mediated epigenetic reprogramming enhances DNA-damage response and confers radioresistance in mIDH1 gliomas harboring p53 and ATRX loss of function mutations. In this study, RNA-seq and ChIP-seq data revealed human and mouse mIDH1 glioma neurospheres have downregulated gene ontologies related to mitochondrial metabolism and upregulated autophagy. Further analysis revealed that the decreased mitochondrial metabolism was paralleled by a decrease in glycolysis, rendering autophagy as a source of energy in mIDH1 glioma cells. Analysis of autophagy pathways showed that mIDH1 glioma cells exhibited increased expression of pULK1-S555 and enhanced LC3 I/II conversion, indicating augmented autophagy activity. This dependence is reflected by increased sensitivity of mIDH1 glioma cells to autophagy inhibition. Blocking autophagy selectively impairs the growth of cultured mIDH1 glioma cells but not wild-type IDH1 (wtIDH1) glioma cells. Targeting autophagy by systemic administration of synthetic protein nanoparticles packaged with siRNA targeting Atg7 (SPNP-siRNA-Atg7) sensitized mIDH1 glioma cells to radiation-induced cell death, resulting in tumor regression, long-term survival, and immunological memory, when used in combination with IR. Our results indicate autophagy as a critical pathway for survival and maintenance of mIDH1 glioma cells, a strategy that has significant potential for future clinical translation. One Sentence Summary The inhibition of autophagy sensitizes mIDH1 glioma cells to radiation, thus creating a promising therapeutic strategy for mIDH1 glioma patients. Graphical abstract Our genetically engineered mIDH1 mouse glioma model harbors IDH1 R132H in the context of ATRX and TP53 knockdown. The production of 2-HG elicited an epigenetic reprogramming associated with a disruption in mitochondrial activity and an enhancement of autophagy in mIDH1 glioma cells. Autophagy is a mechanism involved in cell homeostasis related with cell survival under energetic stress and DNA damage protection. Autophagy has been associated with radio resistance. The inhibition of autophagy thus radio sensitizes mIDH1 glioma cells and enhances survival of mIDH1 glioma-bearing mice, representing a novel therapeutic target for this glioma subtype with potential applicability in combined clinical strategies.
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Pang Y, Li Q, Sergi Z, Yu G, Sang X, Kim O, Wang H, Ranjan A, Merchant M, Oudit B, Robey RW, Soheilian F, Tran B, Núñez FJ, Zhang M, Song H, Zhang W, Davis D, Gilbert MR, Gottesman MM, Liu Z, Khan J, Thomas CJ, Castro MG, Gujral TS, Wu J. Exploiting the therapeutic vulnerability of IDH-mutant gliomas with zotiraciclib. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.06.29.547143. [PMID: 37786680 PMCID: PMC10541587 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.29.547143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas have distinctive metabolic and biological traits that may render them susceptible to targeted treatments. Here, by conducting a high-throughput drug screen, we pinpointed a specific susceptibility of IDH-mutant gliomas to zotiraciclib (ZTR). ZTR exhibited selective growth inhibition across multiple IDH-mutant glioma in vitro and in vivo models. Mechanistically, ZTR at low doses suppressed CDK9 and RNA Pol II phosphorylation in IDH-mutant cells, disrupting mitochondrial function and NAD+ production, causing oxidative stress. Integrated biochemical profiling of ZTR kinase targets and transcriptomics unveiled that ZTR-induced bioenergetic failure was linked to the suppression of PIM kinase activity. We posit that the combination of mitochondrial dysfunction and an inability to adapt to oxidative stress resulted in significant cell death upon ZTR treatment, ultimately increasing the therapeutic vulnerability of IDH-mutant gliomas. These findings prompted a clinical trial evaluating ZTR in IDH-mutant gliomas towards precision medicine ( NCT05588141 ). Highlights Zotiraciclib (ZTR), a CDK9 inhibitor, hinders IDH-mutant glioma growth in vitro and in vivo . ZTR halts cell cycle, disrupts respiration, and induces oxidative stress in IDH-mutant cells.ZTR unexpectedly inhibits PIM kinases, impacting mitochondria and causing bioenergetic failure.These findings led to the clinical trial NCT05588141, evaluating ZTR for IDH-mutant gliomas.
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Lathoria K, Gowda P, Umdor SB, Patrick S, Suri V, Sen E. PRMT1 driven PTX3 regulates ferritinophagy in glioma. Autophagy 2023; 19:1997-2014. [PMID: 36647288 PMCID: PMC10283415 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2165757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the Krebs cycle enzyme IDH1 (isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1) are associated with better prognosis in gliomas. Though IDH1 mutant (IDH1R132H) tumors are characterized by their antiproliferative signatures maintained through hypermethylation of DNA and chromatin, mechanisms affecting cell death pathways in these tumors are not well elucidated. On investigating the crosstalk between the IDH1 mutant epigenome, ferritinophagy and inflammation, diminished expression of PRMT1 (protein arginine methyltransferase 1) and its associated asymmetric dimethyl epigenetic mark H4R3me2a was observed in IDH1R132H gliomas. Reduced expression of PRMT1 was concurrent with diminished levels of PTX3, a key secretory factor involved in cancer-related inflammation. Lack of PRMT1 H4R3me2a in IDH1 mutant glioma failed to epigenetically activate the expression of PTX3 with a reduction in YY1 (YY1 transcription factor) binding on its promoter. Transcriptional activation and subsequent secretion of PTX3 from cells was required for maintaining macroautophagic/autophagic balance as pharmacological or genetic ablation of PTX3 secretion in wild-type IDH1 significantly increased autophagic flux. Additionally, PTX3-deficient IDH1 mutant gliomas exhibited heightened autophagic signatures. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the PRMT1-PTX3 axis is important in regulating the levels of ferritin genes/iron storage and inhibition of this axis triggered ferritinophagic flux. This study highlights the conserved role of IDH1 mutants in augmenting ferritinophagic flux in gliomas irrespective of genetic landscape through inhibition of the PRMT1-PTX3 axis. This is the first study describing ferritinophagy in IDH1 mutant gliomas with mechanistic details. Of clinical importance, our study suggests that the PRMT1-PTX3 ferritinophagy regulatory circuit could be exploited for therapeutic gains.Abbreviations: 2-HG: D-2-hydroxyglutarate; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; FTH1: ferritin heavy chain 1; FTL: ferritin light chain; GBM: glioblastoma; HMOX1/HO-1: heme oxygenase 1; IHC: immunohistochemistry; IDH1: isocitrate dehydrogenase(NADP(+))1; MDC: monodansylcadaverine; NCOA4: nuclear receptor coactivator 4; NFE2L2/Nrf2: NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2; PTX3/TSG-14: pentraxin 3; PRMT: protein arginine methyltransferase; SLC40A1: solute carrier family 40 member 1; Tan IIA: tanshinone IIA; TCA: trichloroacetic acid; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Lathoria
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
| | - Pruthvi Gowda
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
| | - Sonia B Umdor
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
| | - Shruti Patrick
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
| | - Vaishali Suri
- Neurosciences Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ellora Sen
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India
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Solomou G, Finch A, Asghar A, Bardella C. Mutant IDH in Gliomas: Role in Cancer and Treatment Options. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112883. [PMID: 37296846 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism is a common feature of many cancers and, in some cases, is a consequence of mutation in metabolic genes, such as the ones involved in the TCA cycle. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is mutated in many gliomas and other cancers. Physiologically, IDH converts isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), but when mutated, IDH reduces α-KG to D2-hydroxyglutarate (D2-HG). D2-HG accumulates at elevated levels in IDH mutant tumours, and in the last decade, a massive effort has been made to develop small inhibitors targeting mutant IDH. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge about the cellular and molecular consequences of IDH mutations and the therapeutic approaches developed to target IDH mutant tumours, focusing on gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Solomou
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Division of Academic Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Alina Finch
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Asim Asghar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Wang QX, Zhang PY, Li QQ, Tong ZJ, Wu JZ, Yu SP, Yu YC, Ding N, Leng XJ, Chang L, Xu JG, Sun SL, Yang Y, Li NG, Shi ZH. Challenges for the development of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 inhibitors to treat glioma. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115464. [PMID: 37235998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common types of brain tumors, and its high recurrence and mortality rates threaten human health. In 2008, the frequent isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations in glioma were reported, which brought a new strategy in the treatment of this challenging disease. In this perspective, we first discuss the possible gliomagenesis after IDH1 mutations (mIDH1). Subsequently, we systematically investigate the reported mIDH1 inhibitors and present a comparative analysis of the ligand-binding pocket in mIDH1. Additionally, we also discuss the binding features and physicochemical properties of different mIDH1 inhibitors to facilitate the future development of mIDH1 inhibitors. Finally, we discuss the possible selectivity features of mIDH1 inhibitors against WT-IDH1 and IDH2 by combining protein-based and ligand-based information. We hope that this perspective can inspire the development of mIDH1 inhibitors and bring potent mIDH1 inhibitors for the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xin Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Peng-Yu Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zhen-Jiang Tong
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Zhen Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Shao-Peng Yu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Yu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Ning Ding
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Leng
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Liang Chang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jin-Guo Xu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Shan-Liang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Zhi-Hao Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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Liu Y, Chou FJ, Lang F, Zhang M, Song H, Zhang W, Davis DL, Briceno NJ, Zhang Y, Cimino PJ, Zaghloul KA, Gilbert MR, Armstrong TS, Yang C. Protein Kinase B (PKB/AKT) Protects IDH-Mutated Glioma from Ferroptosis via Nrf2. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1305-1316. [PMID: 36648507 PMCID: PMC10073324 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutations of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene are common genetic mutations in human malignancies. Increasing evidence indicates that IDH mutations play critical roles in malignant transformation and progression. However, the therapeutic options for IDH-mutated cancers remain limited. In this study, the investigation of patient cohorts revealed that the PI3K/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways were enhanced in IDH-mutated cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, we investigated the gene expression profile in IDH-mutated cells using RNA sequencing after the depletion of AKT. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and pathway enrichment analysis were used to discover altered molecular pathways due to AKT depletion. We further investigated the therapeutic effect of the AKT inhibitor, ipatasertib (Ipa), combined with temozolomide (TMZ) in cell lines and preclinical animal models. RESULTS GSEA and pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the PI3K/AKT pathway significantly correlated with Nrf2-guided gene expression and ferroptosis-related pathways. Mechanistically, AKT suppresses the activity of GSK3β and stabilizes Nrf2. Moreover, inhibition of AKT activity with Ipa synergizes with the genotoxic agent TMZ, leading to overwhelming ferroptotic cell death in IDH-mutated cancer cells. The preclinical animal model confirmed that combining Ipa and TMZ treatment prolonged survival. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlighted AKT/Nrf2 pathways as a potential synthetic lethality target for IDH-mutated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD, 20892
| | - Fu-Ju Chou
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD, 20892
| | - Fengchao Lang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD, 20892
| | - Meili Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD, 20892
| | - Hua Song
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD, 20892
| | - Wei Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD, 20892
| | - Dionne L. Davis
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD, 20892
| | - Nicole J. Briceno
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD, 20892
| | - Yang Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD, 20892
| | - Patrick J. Cimino
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kareem A. Zaghloul
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mark R. Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD, 20892
| | - Terri S. Armstrong
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD, 20892
| | - Chunzhang Yang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD, 20892
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Riviere-Cazaux C, Lacey JM, Carlstrom LP, Laxen WJ, Munoz-Casabella A, Hoplin MD, Ikram S, Zubair AB, Andersen KM, Warrington AE, Decker PA, Kaufmann TJ, Campian JL, Eckel-Passow JE, Kizilbash SH, Tortorelli S, Burns TC. Cerebrospinal fluid 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) as a monitoring biomarker for IDH-mutant gliomas. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.01.23286412. [PMID: 36909488 PMCID: PMC10002776 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.23286412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) is a well-established oncometabolite of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas. While prior studies have demonstrated that D-2-HG is elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with IDH-mutant gliomas 1,2 , no study has determined if CSF D-2-HG can provide a plausible method to evaluate therapeutic response. We are obtaining CSF samples from consenting patients during their disease course via intra-operative collection and Ommaya reservoirs. D-2-HG and D/L-2-HG consistently decreased following tumor resection and throughout chemoradiation in patients monitored longitudinally. Our early experience with this strategy demonstrates the potential for intracranial CSF D-2-HG as a monitoring biomarker for IDH-mutant gliomas.
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Liu Y, Xu W, Li M, Yang Y, Sun D, Chen L, Li H, Chen L. The regulatory mechanisms and inhibitors of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 in cancer. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:1438-1466. [PMID: 37139412 PMCID: PMC10149907 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of energy metabolism is one of the basic characteristics of cancer and has been proved to be an important cancer treatment strategy. Isocitrate dehydrogenases (IDHs) are a class of key proteins in energy metabolism, including IDH1, IDH2, and IDH3, which are involved in the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to yield α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Mutants of IDH1 or IDH2 can produce d-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) with α-KG as the substrate, and then mediate the occurrence and development of cancer. At present, no IDH3 mutation has been reported. The results of pan-cancer research showed that IDH1 has a higher mutation frequency and involves more cancer types than IDH2, implying IDH1 as a promising anti-cancer target. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the regulatory mechanisms of IDH1 on cancer from four aspects: metabolic reprogramming, epigenetics, immune microenvironment, and phenotypic changes, which will provide guidance for the understanding of IDH1 and exploring leading-edge targeted treatment strategies. In addition, we also reviewed available IDH1 inhibitors so far. The detailed clinical trial results and diverse structures of preclinical candidates illustrated here will provide a deep insight into the research for the treatment of IDH1-related cancers.
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10
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Riviere-Cazaux C, Lacey JM, Carlstrom LP, Laxen WJ, Munoz-Casabella A, Hoplin MD, Ikram S, Zubair AB, Andersen KM, Warrington AE, Decker PA, Kaufmann TJ, Campian JL, Eckel-Passow JE, Kizilbash SH, Tortorelli S, Burns TC. Cerebrospinal fluid 2-hydroxyglutarate as a monitoring biomarker for IDH-mutant gliomas. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad061. [PMID: 37313502 PMCID: PMC10259246 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Riviere-Cazaux
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology, Quantiative Health Sciences, Radiology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jean M Lacey
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology, Quantiative Health Sciences, Radiology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lucas P Carlstrom
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology, Quantiative Health Sciences, Radiology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - William J Laxen
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology, Quantiative Health Sciences, Radiology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amanda Munoz-Casabella
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology, Quantiative Health Sciences, Radiology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew D Hoplin
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology, Quantiative Health Sciences, Radiology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samar Ikram
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology, Quantiative Health Sciences, Radiology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Abdullah Bin Zubair
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology, Quantiative Health Sciences, Radiology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Katherine M Andersen
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology, Quantiative Health Sciences, Radiology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Arthur E Warrington
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology, Quantiative Health Sciences, Radiology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul A Decker
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology, Quantiative Health Sciences, Radiology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy J Kaufmann
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology, Quantiative Health Sciences, Radiology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jian L Campian
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology, Quantiative Health Sciences, Radiology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeanette E Eckel-Passow
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology, Quantiative Health Sciences, Radiology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sani H Kizilbash
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology, Quantiative Health Sciences, Radiology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Silvia Tortorelli
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology, Quantiative Health Sciences, Radiology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Terry C Burns
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Neurology, Quantiative Health Sciences, Radiology, and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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11
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Xu X, Zhang Y. Regulation of Oxidative Stress by Long Non-coding RNAs in Central Nervous System Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:931704. [PMID: 35782387 PMCID: PMC9241987 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.931704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders, such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, spinal cord injury, glioma, and epilepsy, involve oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis, often leading to long-term disability or death. Emerging studies suggest that oxidative stress may induce epigenetic modifications that contribute to CNS disorders. Non-coding RNAs are epigenetic regulators involved in CNS disorders and have attracted extensive attention. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-coding RNAs more than 200 nucleotides long and have no protein-coding function. However, these molecules exert regulatory functions at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic levels. However, the major role of lncRNAs in the pathophysiology of CNS disorders, especially related to oxidative stress, remains unclear. Here, we review the molecular functions of lncRNAs in oxidative stress and highlight lncRNAs that exert positive or negative roles in oxidation/antioxidant systems. This review provides novel insights into the therapeutic potential of lncRNAs that mediate oxidative stress in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang,
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12
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Hsp90 induces Acsl4-dependent glioma ferroptosis via dephosphorylating Ser637 at Drp1. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:548. [PMID: 35697672 PMCID: PMC9192632 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of regulated cell death (RCD) characterized by the iron-dependent lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, but its mechanism in gliomas remains elusive. Acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase long-chain family member 4 (Acsl4), a pivotal enzyme in the regulation of lipid biosynthesis, benefits the initiation of ferroptosis, but its role in gliomas needs further clarification. Erastin, a classic inducer of ferroptosis, has recently been found to regulate lipid peroxidation by regulating Acsl4 other than glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in ferroptosis. In this study, we demonstrated that heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) actively regulated and stabilized Acsl4 expression in erastin-induced ferroptosis in gliomas. Hsp90 overexpression and calcineurin (CN)-mediated Drp1 dephosphorylation at serine 637 (Ser637) promoted ferroptosis by altering mitochondrial morphology and increasing Acsl4-mediated lipid peroxidation. Importantly, promotion of the Hsp90-Acsl4 pathway augmented anticancer activity of erastin in vitro and in vivo. Our discovery reveals a novel and efficient approach to ferroptosis-mediated glioma therapy.
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13
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Wu MJ, Shi L, Merritt J, Zhu AX, Bardeesy N. Biology of IDH mutant cholangiocarcinoma. Hepatology 2022; 75:1322-1337. [PMID: 35226770 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) are the most frequently mutated metabolic genes across human cancers. These hotspot gain-of-function mutations cause the IDH enzyme to aberrantly generate high levels of the oncometabolite, R-2-hydroxyglutarate, which competitively inhibits enzymes that regulate epigenetics, DNA repair, metabolism, and other processes. Among epithelial malignancies, IDH mutations are particularly common in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of mutant IDH (mIDH) 1 delays progression of mIDH1 iCCA, indicating a role for this oncogene in tumor maintenance. However, not all patients receive clinical benefit, and those who do typically show stable disease rather than significant tumor regressions. The elucidation of the oncogenic functions of mIDH is needed to inform strategies that can more effectively harness mIDH as a therapeutic target. This review will discuss the biology of mIDH iCCA, including roles of mIDH in blocking cell differentiation programs and suppressing antitumor immunity, and the potential relevance of these effects to mIDH1-targeted therapy. We also cover opportunities for synthetic lethal therapeutic interactions that harness the altered cell state provoked by mIDH1 rather than inhibiting the mutant enzyme. Finally, we highlight key outstanding questions in the biology of this fascinating and incompletely understood oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ju Wu
- Cancer CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA.,Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Lei Shi
- Cancer CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA.,Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Joshua Merritt
- Cancer CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA.,Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andrew X Zhu
- Cancer CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA.,Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA.,Jiahui International Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Nabeel Bardeesy
- Cancer CenterMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA.,Department of MedicineHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA.,Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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14
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Gonzalez N, Asad AS, Gómez Escalante J, Peña Agudelo JA, Nicola Candia AJ, García Fallit M, Seilicovich A, Candolfi M. Potential of IDH mutations as immunotherapeutic targets in gliomas: a review and meta-analysis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:1045-1060. [PMID: 34904924 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.2017422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gliomas are stratified by the presence of a hotspot mutation in the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase genes (IDH1/2). While mutated IDH (mIDH) correlates with better prognosis, the role of this mutation in antitumor immunity and the response to immunotherapy is not completely understood. Understanding the relationship between the genetic features of these tumors and the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) may help to develop appropriate therapeutic strategies. AREAS COVERED In this review we discussed the available literature related to the potential role of IDH mutations as an immunotherapeutic target in gliomas and profiled the immune transcriptome of glioma biopsies. We aimed to shed light on the role of mIDH on the immunological landscape of the different subtypes of gliomas, taking into account the most recent WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). We also discussed different immunotherapeutic approaches to target mIDH tumors and to overcome their immunosuppressive microenvironment. EXPERT OPINION Data presented here indicates that the TIME not only differs in association with IDH mutation status, but also within glioma subtypes, suggesting that the cellular context affects the overall effect of this genetic lesion. Thus, specific therapeutic combinations may help patients diagnosed with different glioma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazareno Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Inbiomed, Uba-conicet), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonela S Asad
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Inbiomed, Uba-conicet), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Gómez Escalante
- Unidad Funcional de Neurooncologia y Banco de Tumores, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge A Peña Agudelo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Inbiomed, Uba-conicet), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Nicola Candia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Inbiomed, Uba-conicet), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías García Fallit
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Inbiomed, Uba-conicet), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Seilicovich
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Inbiomed, Uba-conicet), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Biología Celular e Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Inbiomed, Uba-conicet), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Wen Y, Feng L, Wang H, Zhou H, Li Q, Zhang W, Wang M, Li Y, Luan X, Jiang Z, Chen L, Zhou J. Association Between Oral Microbiota and Human Brain Glioma Grade: A Case-Control Study. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:746568. [PMID: 34733261 PMCID: PMC8558631 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.746568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent form of primary malignant brain tumor, which currently have no effective treatments. Evidence from human studies has indicated that oral microbiota is closely related to cancers; however, whether oral microbiota plays a role in glioma malignancy remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the association between oral microbiota and grade of glioma and examine the relationship between malignancy-related oral microbial features and the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation in glioma. High-grade glioma (HGG; n=23) patients, low-grade glioma (LGG; n=12) patients, and healthy control (HCs; n=24) participants were recruited for this case-control study. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed for 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing. We found that the shift in oral microbiota β-diversity was associated with high-grade glioma (p=0.01). The phylum Patescibacteria was inversely associated with glioma grade (LGG and HC: p=0.035; HGG and HC: p<0.01). The genera Capnocytophaga (LGG and HC: p=0.043; HGG and HC: p<0.01) and Leptotrichia (LGG and HC: p=0.044; HGG and HC: p<0.01) were inversely associated with glioma grades. The genera Bergeyella and Capnocytophaga were significantly more positively correlated with the IDH1 mutation in gliomas when compared with the IDH1-wild-type group. We further identified five oral microbial features (Capnocytophaga Porphyromonas, Haemophilus, Leptotrichia, and TM7x) that accurately discriminated HGG from LGG (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44-0.83) and HCs (AUC: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.68-0.92). The functional prediction analysis of oral bacterial communities showed that genes involved in cell adhesion molecules (p<0.001), extracellular matrix molecule-receptor interaction (p<0.001), focal adhesion (p<0.001), and regulation of actin cytoskeleton (p<0.001) were associated with glioma grades, and some microbial gene functions involving lipid metabolism and the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathway were significantly more enriched in IDH1 mutant gliomas than compared with the IDH1-wild-type gliomas. In conclusion, our work revealed oral microbiota features and gene functions that were associated with glioma malignancy and the IDH1 mutation in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, China
| | - Le Feng
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haorun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, China
| | - Yeming Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, China
| | - Xingzhao Luan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, China
| | - Zengliang Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, China.,Neurological Diseases and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Medical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Luzhou, China.,Neurological Diseases and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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16
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Mellinghoff IK, Chang SM, Jaeckle KA, van den Bent M. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutant Grade II and III Glial Neoplasms. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2021; 36:95-111. [PMID: 34711457 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 or IDH2 occur in most of the adult low-grade gliomas and, less commonly, in cholangiocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma, acute myeloid leukemia, and other human malignancies. Cancer-associated mutations alter the function of the enzyme, resulting in production of R(-)-2-hydroxyglutarate and broad epigenetic dysregulation. Small molecule IDH inhibitors have received regulatory approval for the treatment of IDH mutant (mIDH) leukemia and are under development for the treatment of mIDH solid tumors. This article provides a current view of mIDH adult astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors, including their clinical presentation and treatment, and discusses novel approaches and challenges toward improving the treatment of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo K Mellinghoff
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Susan M Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Room M 774SF, San Francisco, CA 94142-0112, USA
| | - Kurt A Jaeckle
- Department of Neurology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic Florida, Mangurian 4415, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Martin van den Bent
- Department of Neuro-onoclogy, Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Nt-542, Dr Molenwaterplein 40, Rotterdam 3015 GD, The Netherlands.
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17
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Rose M, Cardon T, Aboulouard S, Hajjaji N, Kobeissy F, Duhamel M, Fournier I, Salzet M. Surfaceome Proteomic of Glioblastoma Revealed Potential Targets for Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:746168. [PMID: 34646273 PMCID: PMC8503648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.746168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and devastating malignant brain tumor in adults. The mortality rate is very high despite different treatments. New therapeutic targets are therefore highly needed. Cell-surface proteins represent attractive targets due to their accessibility, their involvement in essential signaling pathways, and their dysregulated expression in cancer. Moreover, they are potential targets for CAR-based immunotherapy or mRNA vaccine strategies. In this context, we investigated the GBM-associated surfaceome by comparing it to astrocytes cell line surfaceome to identify new specific targets for GBM. For this purpose, biotinylation of cell surface proteins has been carried out in GBM and astrocytes cell lines. Biotinylated proteins were purified on streptavidin beads and analyzed by shotgun proteomics. Cell surface proteins were identified with Cell Surface Proteins Atlas (CSPA) and Gene Ontology enrichment. Among all the surface proteins identified in the different cell lines we have confirmed the expression of 66 of these in patient’s glioblastoma using spatial proteomic guided by MALDI-mass spectrometry. Moreover, 87 surface proteins overexpressed or exclusive in GBM cell lines have been identified. Among these, we found 11 specific potential targets for GBM including 5 mutated proteins such as RELL1, CYBA, EGFR, and MHC I proteins. Matching with drugs and clinical trials databases revealed that 7 proteins were druggable and under evaluation, 3 proteins have no known drug interaction yet and none of them are the mutated form of the identified proteins. Taken together, we discovered potential targets for immune therapy strategies in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Rose
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France
| | - Tristan Cardon
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France
| | - Soulaimane Aboulouard
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France
| | - Nawale Hajjaji
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France.,Breast Cancer Unit, Oscar Lambret Center, Lille, France
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Marie Duhamel
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France
| | - Isabelle Fournier
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Michel Salzet
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1192, Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Lille, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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18
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Carriero F, Martinelli C, Gabriele F, Barbieri G, Zanoletti L, Milanesi G, Casali C, Azzalin A, Manai F, Paolillo M, Comincini S. Berberine Photo-Activation Potentiates Cytotoxicity in Human Astrocytoma Cells through Apoptosis Induction. J Pers Med 2021; 11:942. [PMID: 34683083 PMCID: PMC8541605 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has recently attracted interest as an innovative and adjuvant treatment for different cancers including malignant gliomas. Among these, Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevalent neoplasm in the central nervous system. Despite conventional therapeutic approaches that include surgical removal, radiation, and chemotherapy, GBM is characterized by an extremely poor prognosis and a high rate of recurrence. PDT is a physical process that induces tumor cell death through the genesis and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by light energy interaction with a photosensitizing agent. In this contribution, we explored the potentiality of the plant alkaloid berberine (BBR) as a photosensitizing and cytotoxic agent coupled with a PDT scheme using a blue light source in human established astrocytoma cell lines. Our data mainly indicated for the combined BBR-PDT scheme a potent activation of the apoptosis pathway, through a massive ROS production, a great extent of mitochondria depolarization, and the sub-sequent activation of caspases. Altogether, these results demonstrated that BBR is an efficient photosensitizer agent and that its association with PDT may be a potential anticancer strategy for high malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Carriero
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Carolina Martinelli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
- SKYTEC Srl, 20147 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Gabriele
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Giulia Barbieri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Lisa Zanoletti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Gloria Milanesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Claudio Casali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Alberto Azzalin
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Federico Manai
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
| | - Mayra Paolillo
- Department of Drug Science, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Sergio Comincini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (F.C.); (C.M.); (F.G.); (G.B.); (L.Z.); (G.M.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (F.M.)
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19
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Chou FJ, Liu Y, Lang F, Yang C. D-2-Hydroxyglutarate in Glioma Biology. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092345. [PMID: 34571995 PMCID: PMC8464856 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations are common genetic abnormalities in glioma, which result in the accumulation of an "oncometabolite", D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG). Abnormally elevated D-2-HG levels result in a distinctive pattern in cancer biology, through competitively inhibiting α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)/Fe(II)-dependent dioxgenases (α-KGDDs). Recent studies have revealed that D-2-HG affects DNA/histone methylation, hypoxia signaling, DNA repair, and redox homeostasis, which impacts the oncogenesis of IDH-mutated cancers. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of D-2-HG in cancer biology, as well as the emerging opportunities in therapeutics in IDH-mutated glioma.
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20
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Mitochondrial Metabolism in Carcinogenesis and Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133311. [PMID: 34282749 PMCID: PMC8269082 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Reprogramming metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. Warburg’s effect, defined as increased aerobic glycolysis at the expense of mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells, opened new avenues of research in the field of cancer. Later findings, however, have revealed that mitochondria remain functional and that they actively contribute to metabolic plasticity of cancer cells. Understanding the mechanisms by which mitochondrial metabolism controls tumor initiation and progression is necessary to better characterize the onset of carcinogenesis. These studies may ultimately lead to the design of novel anti-cancer strategies targeting mitochondrial functions. Abstract Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process that refers to transformation of a normal cell into a tumoral neoplastic cell. The mechanisms that promote tumor initiation, promotion and progression are varied, complex and remain to be understood. Studies have highlighted the involvement of oncogenic mutations, genomic instability and epigenetic alterations as well as metabolic reprogramming, in different processes of oncogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms still have to be clarified. Mitochondria are central organelles at the crossroad of various energetic metabolisms. In addition to their pivotal roles in bioenergetic metabolism, they control redox homeostasis, biosynthesis of macromolecules and apoptotic signals, all of which are linked to carcinogenesis. In the present review, we discuss how mitochondria contribute to the initiation of carcinogenesis through gene mutations and production of oncometabolites, and how they promote tumor progression through the control of metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial dynamics. Finally, we present mitochondrial metabolism as a promising target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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21
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Kostić A, Jovanović Stojanov S, Podolski-Renić A, Nešović M, Dragoj M, Nikolić I, Tasić G, Schenone S, Pešić M, Dinić J. Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Induce Oxidative Stress in Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Cells. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11070884. [PMID: 34209342 PMCID: PMC8301827 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) highly expresses Src tyrosine kinase involved in survival, proliferation, angiogenesis and invasiveness of tumor cells. Src activation also reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, whereas Src inhibitors are able to increase cellular ROS levels. Methods: Pro-oxidative effects of two pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives—Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors, Si306 and its prodrug pro-Si306—were investigated in human GBM cells U87 and patient-derived GBM-6. ROS production and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed by flow cytometry. The expression levels of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and 2 (SOD2) were studied by Western blot. DNA damage, cell death induction and senescence were also examined in GBM-6 cells. Results: Si306 and pro-Si306 more prominently triggered ROS production and expression of antioxidant enzymes in primary GBM cells. These effects were followed by mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, double-strand DNA breaks and senescence that eventually led to necrosis. Conclusion: Src kinase inhibitors, Si306 and pro-Si306, showed significant pro-oxidative potential in patient-derived GBM cells. This feature contributes to the already demonstrated anti-glioblastoma properties of these compounds in vitro and in vivo and encourages clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Kostić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Sofija Jovanović Stojanov
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Ana Podolski-Renić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Marija Nešović
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Miodrag Dragoj
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Igor Nikolić
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.N.); (G.T.)
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Doktora Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Tasić
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (I.N.); (G.T.)
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Doktora Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 3, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Milica Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Jelena Dinić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (S.J.S.); (A.P.-R.); (M.N.); (M.D.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-2078-406
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22
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Autophagy a Close Relative of AML Biology. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060552. [PMID: 34207482 PMCID: PMC8235674 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. Despite a high rate of complete remission following conventional chemotherapy, the prognosis remains poor due to frequent relapses caused by relapse-initiating leukemic cells (RICs), which are resistant to chemotherapies. While the development of new targeted therapies holds great promise (e.g., molecules targeting IDH1/2, FLT3, BCL2), relapses still occur. Therefore, a paramount issue in the elimination of RICs is to decipher the AML resistance mechanisms. Thus, it has been recently shown that AML cells exhibit metabolic changes in response to chemotherapy or targeted therapies. Autophagy is a major regulator of cell metabolism, involved in maintaining cancer state, metastasis, and resistance to anticancer therapy. However, whether autophagy acts as a tumor suppressor or promoter in AML is still a matter of debate. Therefore, depending on molecular AML subtypes or treatments used, a better understanding of the role of autophagy is needed to determine whether its modulation could result in a clinical benefit. Abstract Autophagy, which literally means “eat yourself”, is more than just a lysosomal degradation pathway. It is a well-known regulator of cellular metabolism and a mechanism implicated in tumor initiation/progression and therapeutic resistance in many cancers. However, whether autophagy acts as a tumor suppressor or promoter is still a matter of debate. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), it is now proven that autophagy supports cell proliferation in vitro and leukemic progression in vivo. Mitophagy, the specific degradation of mitochondria through autophagy, was recently shown to be required for leukemic stem cell functions and survival, highlighting the prominent role of this selective autophagy in leukemia initiation and progression. Moreover, autophagy in AML sustains fatty acid oxidation through lipophagy to support mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPHOS), a hallmark of chemotherapy-resistant cells. Nevertheless, in the context of therapy, in AML, as well as in other cancers, autophagy could be either cytoprotective or cytotoxic, depending on the drugs used. This review summarizes the recent findings that mechanistically show how autophagy favors leukemic transformation of normal hematopoietic stem cells, as well as AML progression and also recapitulates its ambivalent role in resistance to chemotherapies and targeted therapies.
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The Acidic Brain-Glycolytic Switch in the Microenvironment of Malignant Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115518. [PMID: 34073734 PMCID: PMC8197239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioma represents a fatal disease with a poor prognosis and development of resistance mechanisms against conventional therapeutic approaches. The distinct tumor zones of this heterogeneous neoplasm develop their own microenvironment, in which subpopulations of cancer cells communicate. Adaptation to hypoxia in the center of the expanding tumor mass leads to the glycolytic and angiogenic switch, accompanied by upregulation of different glycolytic enzymes, transporters, and other metabolites. These processes render the tumor microenvironment more acidic, remodel the extracellular matrix, and create energy gradients for the metabolic communication between different cancer cells in distinct tumor zones. Escape mechanisms from hypoxia-induced cell death and energy deprivation are the result. The functional consequences are more aggressive and malignant behavior with enhanced proliferation and survival, migration and invasiveness, and the induction of angiogenesis. In this review, we go from the biochemical principles of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis over the glycolytic switch, regulated by the key transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, to other important metabolic players like the monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs)1 and 4. We discuss the metabolic symbiosis model via lactate shuttling in the acidic tumor microenvironment and highlight the functional consequences of the glycolytic switch on glioma malignancy. Furthermore, we illustrate regulation by micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) and the connection between isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status and glycolytic metabolism. Finally, we give an outlook about the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of the glycolytic switch and the relation to tumor immunity in malignant glioma.
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Khurshed M, Molenaar RJ, van Linde ME, Mathôt RA, Struys EA, van Wezel T, van Noorden CJF, Klümpen HJ, Bovée JVMG, Wilmink JW. A Phase Ib Clinical Trial of Metformin and Chloroquine in Patients with IDH1-Mutated Solid Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13102474. [PMID: 34069550 PMCID: PMC8161333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene occur in high-grade chondrosarcoma, high-grade glioma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Due to the lack of effective treatment options, these aggressive types of cancer have a dismal outcome. The metabolism of IDH1-mutated cancer cells is reprogrammed in order to produce the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). In this clinical trial, we used the oral antidiabetic drug metformin and the oral antimalarial drug chloroquine to disrupt the vulnerable metabolism of IDH1-mutated solid tumors. We found that the combination regimen of metformin and chloroquine is well tolerated, but the combination did not induce a clinical response in this patient population. Secondly, we confirmed the clinical usefulness of D/L-2HG ratios in serum as a biomarker and the ddPCR-facilitated detection of an IDH1 mutation in circulating DNA from peripheral blood. Abstract Background: Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) occur in 60% of chondrosarcoma, 80% of WHO grade II-IV glioma and 20% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. These solid IDH1-mutated tumors produce the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) and are more vulnerable to disruption of their metabolism. Methods: Patients with IDH1-mutated chondrosarcoma, glioma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma received oral combinational treatment with the antidiabetic drug metformin and the antimalarial drug chloroquine. The primary objective was to determine the occurrence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Radiological and biochemical tumor responses to metformin and chloroquine were investigated using CT/MRI scans and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) measurements of D-2HG levels in serum. Results: Seventeen patients received study treatment for a median duration of 43 days (range: 7–74 days). Of twelve evaluable patients, 10 patients discontinued study medication because of progressive disease and two patients due to toxicity. None of the patients experienced a DLT. The MTD was determined to be 1500 mg of metformin two times a day and 200 mg of chloroquine once a day. A serum D/L-2HG ratio of ≥4.5 predicted the presence of an IDH1 mutation with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 100%. By utilization of digital droplet PCR on plasma samples, we were able to detect tumor-specific IDH1 hotspot mutations in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in investigated patients. Conclusion: Treatment of advanced IDH1-mutated solid tumors with metformin and chloroquine was well tolerated but did not induce a clinical response in this phase Ib clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khurshed
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (R.J.M.); (M.E.v.L.); (H.-J.K.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Remco J. Molenaar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (R.J.M.); (M.E.v.L.); (H.-J.K.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Myra E. van Linde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (R.J.M.); (M.E.v.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Ron A. Mathôt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Eduard A. Struys
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VU, University Medical Center, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.v.W.); (J.V.M.G.B.)
| | - Cornelis J. F. van Noorden
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Heinz-Josef Klümpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (R.J.M.); (M.E.v.L.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Judith V. M. G. Bovée
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2311 EZ Leiden, The Netherlands; (T.v.W.); (J.V.M.G.B.)
| | - Johanna W. Wilmink
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.K.); (R.J.M.); (M.E.v.L.); (H.-J.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Tuy K, Rickenbacker L, Hjelmeland AB. Reactive oxygen species produced by altered tumor metabolism impacts cancer stem cell maintenance. Redox Biol 2021; 44:101953. [PMID: 34052208 PMCID: PMC8212140 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) at sustainable levels can drive multiple facets of tumor biology, including within the cancer stem cell (CSC) population. Tight regulation of ROS is one key component in CSCs that drives disease recurrence, cell signaling, and therapeutic resistance. While ROS are well-appreciated to need oxygen and are a product of oxidative phosphorylation, there are also important roles for ROS under hypoxia. As hypoxia promotes and sustains major stemness pathways, further consideration of ROS impacts on CSCs in the tumor microenvironment is important. Furthermore, glycolytic shifts that occur in cancer and may be promoted by hypoxia are associated with multiple mechanisms to mitigate oxidative stress. This altered metabolism provides survival advantages that sustain malignant features, such as proliferation and self-renewal, while producing the necessary antioxidants that reduce damage from oxidative stress. Finally, disease recurrence is believed to be attributed to therapy resistant CSCs which can be quiescent and have changes in redox status. Effective DNA damage response pathways and/or a slow-cycling state can protect CSCs from the genomic catastrophe induced by irradiation and genotoxic agents. This review will explore the delicate, yet complex, relationship between ROS and its pleiotropic role in modulating the CSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaysaw Tuy
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lucas Rickenbacker
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Anita B Hjelmeland
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Abstract
2-Hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) is structurally similar to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), which is an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; it can be generated by reducing the ketone group of α-KG to a hydroxyl group. The significant role that 2-HG plays has been certified in the pathophysiology of 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (2HGA), tumors harboring mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2mt), and in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). It is taken as an oncometabolite, raising much attention on its oncogenic mechanism. In recent years, 2-HG has been verified to accumulate in the context of hypoxia or acidic pH, and there are also researches confirming the vital role that 2-HG plays in the fate decision of immune cells. Therefore, 2-HG not only participates in tumorigenesis. This text will also summarize 2-HG’s identities besides being an oncometabolite and will discuss their enlightenment for future research and clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Da R, Wang M, Jiang H, Wang T, Wang W. BRAF AMP Frequently Co-occurs With IDH1/2, TP53, and ATRX Mutations in Adult Patients With Gliomas and Is Associated With Poorer Survival Than That of Patients Harboring BRAF V600E. Front Oncol 2021; 10:531968. [PMID: 33489866 PMCID: PMC7817544 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.531968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal RAS/RAF signaling plays a critical role in glioma. Although it is known that the V600E mutation of v-raf murine viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAFV600E) and BRAF amplification (BRAFAMP) both result in constitutive activation of the RAS/RAF pathway, whether BRAFV600E and BRAFAMP have different effects on the survival of glioma patients needs to be clarified. Using cBioPortal, we retrieved studies of both mutations and copy number variations of the BRAF gene in CNS/brain tumors and investigated data from 69 nonredundant glioma patients. The BRAF mutation group had significantly more male patients (64.00% vs. 36.84%; P = 0.046) and a higher occurrence of glioblastoma multiforme (66.00% vs. 31.58%; P = 0.013) compared to those in the other group. The BRAFAMP group had significantly more patients with the mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) (73.68% vs. 18.00%; P = 0.000), tumor protein p53 (TP53) (73.68% vs. 30.00%; P = 0.002), and alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X linked (ATRX) (63.16% vs. 18.00%; P = 0.001) than the mutation group. The BRAFAMP and IDH1/2WT cohort had lower overall survival compared with the BRAFAMP and IDH1/2MT groups (P = 0.001) and the BRAF mutation cohort (P = 0.019), including the BRAFV600E (P = 0.033) and BRAFnon-V600E (P = 0.029) groups, using Kaplan–Meier survival curves and the log rank (Mantel–Cox) test. The BRAFAMP and IDH1/2WT genotype was found to be an independent predictive factor for glioma with BRAF mutation and BRAFAMP using Cox proportional hazard regression analysis (HR = 0.138, P = 0.018). Our findings indicate that BRAFAMP frequently occurs with IDH1/2, TP53, and ATRX mutations. Adult patients with glioma with BRAFAMP and IDH1/2WT had worse prognoses compared with those with BRAF mutation and BRAFAMP and IDH1/2MT. This suggests that the assessment of the status of BRAFAMP and IDH1/2 in adult glioma/glioblastoma patients has prognostic value as these patients have relatively short survival times and may benefit from personalized targeted therapy using BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Da
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Maode Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Du W, Xu A, Huang Y, Cao J, Zhu H, Yang B, Shao X, He Q, Ying M. The role of autophagy in targeted therapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Autophagy 2020; 17:2665-2679. [PMID: 32917124 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1822628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although molecular targeted therapies have recently displayed therapeutic effects in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), limited response and acquired resistance remain common problems. Numerous studies have associated autophagy, an essential degradation process involved in the cellular response to stress, with the development and therapeutic response of cancers including AML. Thus, we review studies on the role of autophagy in AML development and summarize the linkage between autophagy and several recurrent genetic abnormalities in AML, highlighting the potential of capitalizing on autophagy modulation in targeted therapy for AML.Abbreviations: AML: acute myeloid leukemia; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; APL: acute promyelocytic leukemia; ATG: autophagy related; ATM: ATM serine/threonine kinase; ATO: arsenic trioxide; ATRA: all trans retinoic acid; BCL2: BCL2 apoptosis regulator; BECN1: beclin 1; BET proteins, bromodomain and extra-terminal domain family; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CQ: chloroquine; DNMT, DNA methyltransferase; DOT1L: DOT1 like histone lysine methyltransferase; FLT3: fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3; FIS1: fission, mitochondrial 1; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; HSC: hematopoietic stem cell; IDH: isocitrate dehydrogenase; ITD: internal tandem duplication; KMT2A/MLL: lysine methyltransferase 2A; LSC: leukemia stem cell; MDS: myelodysplastic syndromes; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; NPM1: nucleophosmin 1; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PML: PML nuclear body scaffold; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; SAHA: vorinostat; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TET2: tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2; TKD: tyrosine kinase domain; TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor; TP53/p53: tumor protein p53; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; VPA: valproic acid; WDFY3/ALFY: WD repeat and FYVE domain containing 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Du
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aixiao Xu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Huang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ji Cao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuejing Shao
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meidan Ying
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Development of Autophagy Signature-Based Prognostic Nomogram for Refined Glioma Survival Prognostication. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1872962. [PMID: 32964017 PMCID: PMC7492900 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1872962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current glioma classification could be optimized to cover such a separate and individualized prognosis ranging from a few months to over ten years. Considering its highly conserved role and potential in therapies, autophagy might be a promising element to be incorporated as a refinement for improved survival prognostication. The expression and RNA-seq data of 881 glioma patients from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas were included, mapped with autophagy-related genes. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis and Cox regression analysis were used for the autophagy signature establishment, which composed of MUL1, NPC1, and TRIM13. Validations were represented by Kaplan-Meier plots and receiver operating curves (ROC). Cluster analysis suggested the IDH1 mutant involved in the favorable prognosis of the signature clusters. The signature was also immune-related shown by the Gene Ontology analysis and the Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. The high signature risk group held a higher ESTIMATE score (p = 2.6e - 11) and stromal score (p = 1.8e - 10). CD276 significantly correlated with the signature (r = 0.51, p < 0.05). The final nomogram integrated with the autophagy signature, IDH1 mutation, and pathological grade was built with accuracy and discrimination (1-year survival AUC = 0.812, 5-year survival AUC = 0.822, and 10-year survival AUC = 0.834). Its prognostic value and clinical utility were well-defined by the superiority in the comparisons with the current World Health Organization glioma classification in ROC (p < 0.05) and decision curve analysis. The autophagy signature-based IDH1 mutation and grade nomogram refined glioma classification for a more individualized and clinically applicable survival estimation and inspired potential autophagy-related therapies.
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IDH mutation in glioma: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:1580-1589. [PMID: 32291392 PMCID: PMC7250901 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-0814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes catalyse the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate and therefore play key roles in the Krebs cycle and cellular homoeostasis. Major advances in cancer genetics over the past decade have revealed that the genes encoding IDHs are frequently mutated in a variety of human malignancies, including gliomas, acute myeloid leukaemia, cholangiocarcinoma, chondrosarcoma and thyroid carcinoma. A series of seminal studies further elucidated the biological impact of the IDH mutation and uncovered the potential role of IDH mutants in oncogenesis. Notably, the neomorphic activity of the IDH mutants establishes distinctive patterns in cancer metabolism, epigenetic shift and therapy resistance. Novel molecular targeting approaches have been developed to improve the efficacy of therapeutics against IDH-mutated cancers. Here we provide an overview of the latest findings in IDH-mutated human malignancies, with a focus on glioma, discussing unique biological signatures and proceedings in translational research.
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Zhou Y, Wang L, Wang C, Wu Y, Chen D, Lee TH. Potential implications of hydrogen peroxide in the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of gliomas. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:187-203. [PMID: 31956964 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of primary brain tumor, and it has a high mortality rate. Currently, there are only a few therapeutic approaches for gliomas, and their effects are unsatisfactory. Therefore, uncovering the pathogenesis and exploring more therapeutic strategies for the treatment of gliomas are urgently needed to overcome the ongoing challenges. Cellular redox imbalance has been shown to be associated with the initiation and progression of gliomas. Among reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is considered the most suitable for redox signaling and is a potential candidate as a key molecule that determines the fate of cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the potential cellular and molecular roles of H2O2 in gliomagenesis and explore the potential implications of H2O2 in radiotherapy and chemotherapy and in the ongoing challenges of current glioma treatment. Moreover, we evaluate H2O2 as a potential redox sensor and potential driver molecule of nanocatalytic therapeutic strategies for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Provincial Universities and Colleges, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Long Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Chaojia Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yilin Wu
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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32
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Linninger A, Hartung GA, Liu BP, Mirkov S, Tangen K, Lukas RV, Unruh D, James CD, Sarkaria JN, Horbinski C. Modeling the diffusion of D-2-hydroxyglutarate from IDH1 mutant gliomas in the central nervous system. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:1197-1206. [PMID: 29660019 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Among diffusely infiltrative gliomas in adults, 20%-30% contain a point mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1mut), which increases production of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG). This is so efficient that D2HG often reaches 30 mM within IDH1mut gliomas. Yet, while up to 100 µM D2HG can be detected in the circulating cerebrospinal fluid of IDH1mut glioma patients, the exposure of nonneoplastic cells within and surrounding an IDH1mut glioma to D2HG is unknown and difficult to measure directly. Methods Conditioned medium from patient-derived wild type IDH1 (IDH1wt) and IDH1mut glioma cells was analyzed for D2HG by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Mathematical models of D2HG release and diffusion around an IDH1mut glioma were independently generated based on fluid dynamics within the brain and on previously reported intratumoral and cerebrospinal D2HG concentrations. Results LC-MS analysis indicates that patient-derived IDH1mut glioma cells release 3.7-97.0 pg D2HG per cell per week. Extrapolating this to an average-sized tumor (30 mL glioma volume and 1 × 108 cells/mL tumor), the rate of D2HG release by an IDH1mut glioma (SA) is estimated at 3.2-83.0 × 10-12 mol/mL/sec. Mathematical models estimate an SA of 2.9-12.9 × 10-12 mol/mL/sec, within the range of the in vitro LC-MS data. In even the most conservative of these models, the extracellular concentration of D2HG exceeds 3 mM within a 2 cm radius from the center of an IDH1mut glioma. Conclusions The microenvironment of an IDH1mut glioma is likely being exposed to high concentrations of D2HG, in the low millimolar range. This has implications for understanding how D2HG affects nonneoplastic cells in an IDH1mut glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Linninger
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Grant A Hartung
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Benjamin P Liu
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Snezana Mirkov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kevin Tangen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rimas V Lukas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dusten Unruh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - C David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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33
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Najac C, Radoul M, Le Page LM, Batsios G, Subramani E, Viswanath P, Gillespie AM, Ronen SM. In vivo investigation of hyperpolarized [1,3- 13C 2]acetoacetate as a metabolic probe in normal brain and in glioma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3402. [PMID: 30833594 PMCID: PMC6399277 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation in NAD+/NADH levels is associated with increased cell division and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species in rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Conversion of the ketone body acetoacetate (AcAc) to β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) by the mitochondrial enzyme β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH) depends upon NADH availability. The β-HB-to-AcAc ratio is therefore expected to reflect mitochondrial redox. Previous studies reported the potential of hyperpolarized 13C-AcAc to monitor mitochondrial redox in cells, perfused organs and in vivo. However, the ability of hyperpolarized 13C-AcAc to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and its potential to monitor brain metabolism remained unknown. Our goal was to assess the value of hyperpolarized [1,3-13C2]AcAc in healthy and tumor-bearing mice in vivo. Following hyperpolarized [1,3-13C2]AcAc injection, production of [1,3-13C2]β-HB was detected in normal and tumor-bearing mice. Significantly higher levels of [1-13C]AcAc and lower [1-13C]β-HB-to-[1-13C]AcAc ratios were observed in tumor-bearing mice. These results were consistent with decreased BDH activity in tumors and associated with increased total cellular NAD+/NADH. Our study confirmed that AcAc crosses the BBB and can be used for monitoring metabolism in the brain. It highlights the potential of AcAc for future clinical translation and its potential utility for monitoring metabolic changes associated with glioma, and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Najac
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marina Radoul
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lydia M Le Page
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Georgios Batsios
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elavarasan Subramani
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Anne Marie Gillespie
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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Chirumbolo S, Vella A, Bjørklund G. Quercetin Might Promote Autophagy in a Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion-Mediated Ischemia Model: Comments on Fawad-Ali Shah et al. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:297-300. [PMID: 30515707 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 9, 37134, Verona, Italy.
| | - Antonio Vella
- Department of Medicine-University of Verona, Unit of Immunology-AOUI, University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
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35
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Duan S, Li M, Wang Z, Wang L, Liu Y. H19 induced by oxidative stress confers temozolomide resistance in human glioma cells via activating NF-κB signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6395-6404. [PMID: 30323617 PMCID: PMC6174297 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s173244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent findings around long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have opened novel areas of research around their prospective use in overcoming chemoresistance. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA H19 in temozolomide (TMZ) resistance of human glioma cells and the possible mechanisms. METHODS Short-/long-term oxidative stress was induced, and TMZ-resistant glioma cells (U251TMZ and LN229TMZ) were established. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) and overexpression plasmids were used to modulate the expression of H19 and/or luciferase the reporters. The MTT assay and immunoblotting of cleaved caspase-3, cyclin D1, XIAP and Bcl-2 were conducted to evaluate TMZ sensitivity. Luciferase reporter and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays were used to verify the activation of NF-κB pathways by H19. RESULTS Knockdown of H19 in U251TMZ and LN229TMZ cells decreased half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for TMZ and increased cell apoptosis, and H19 overexpression in U251 and LN229 cells led to the opposite effects, indicating that the H19 confers TMZ resistance to glioma cells. Furthermore, knockdown of H19 decreased the NF-κB signaling, which was revealed by repressed reporter activity and declined expression of its downstream targets in TMZ-resistant glioma cells. In contrast, H19 overexpression in U251 and LN229 cells resulted in an increase in NF-κB activation. Blockage of NF-κB activation by its inhibitor abolished TMZ resistance caused by H19 overexpression. Addition of H2O2 to induce oxidative stress largely reversed TMZ sensitivity caused by H19 knockdown. CONCLUSION H19 confers TMZ resistance through activating NF-κB signaling and may represent a novel therapeutic target for TMZ-resistant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Longlong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yongjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China,
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36
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Khurshed M, Aarnoudse N, Hulsbos R, Hira VVV, van Laarhoven HWM, Wilmink JW, Molenaar RJ, van Noorden CJF. IDH1-mutant cancer cells are sensitive to cisplatin and an IDH1-mutant inhibitor counteracts this sensitivity. FASEB J 2018; 32:fj201800547R. [PMID: 29879375 PMCID: PMC6181637 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800547r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase ( IDH1)-1 is mutated in various types of human cancer, and the presence of this mutation is associated with improved responses to irradiation and chemotherapy in solid tumor cells. Mutated IDH1 (IDH1MUT) enzymes consume NADPH to produce d-2-hydroxyglutarate (d-2HG) resulting in the decreased reducing power needed for detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), for example. The objective of the current study was to investigate the mechanism behind the chemosensitivity of the widely used anticancer agent cisplatin in IDH1MUT cancer cells. Oxidative stress, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction caused by cisplatin treatment were monitored in IDH1MUT HCT116 colorectal cancer cells and U251 glioma cells. We found that exposure to cisplatin induced higher levels of ROS, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and cell death in IDH1MUT cancer cells, as compared with IDH1 wild-type ( IDH1WT) cells. Mechanistic investigations revealed that cisplatin treatment dose dependently reduced oxidative respiration in IDH1MUT cells, which was accompanied by disturbed mitochondrial proteostasis, indicative of impaired mitochondrial activity. These effects were abolished by the IDH1MUT inhibitor AGI-5198 and were restored by treatment with d-2HG. Thus, our study shows that altered oxidative stress responses and a vulnerable oxidative metabolism underlie the sensitivity of IDH1MUT cancer cells to cisplatin.-Khurshed, M., Aarnoudse, N., Hulsbos, R., Hira, V. V. V., van Laarhoven, H. W. M., Wilmink, J. W., Molenaar, R. J., van Noorden, C. J. F. IDH1-mutant cancer cells are sensitive to cisplatin and an IDH1-mutant inhibitor counteracts this sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khurshed
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and
| | - Niels Aarnoudse
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Hulsbos
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vashendriya V. V. Hira
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W. M. van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and
| | - Johanna W. Wilmink
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and
| | - Remco J. Molenaar
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and
| | - Cornelis J. F. van Noorden
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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37
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Viswanath P, Radoul M, Izquierdo-Garcia JL, Ong WQ, Luchman HA, Cairncross JG, Huang B, Pieper RO, Phillips JJ, Ronen SM. 2-Hydroxyglutarate-Mediated Autophagy of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Leads to an Unusual Downregulation of Phospholipid Biosynthesis in Mutant IDH1 Gliomas. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2290-2304. [PMID: 29358170 PMCID: PMC5932252 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor metabolism is reprogrammed to meet the demands of proliferating cancer cells. In particular, cancer cells upregulate synthesis of the membrane phospholipids phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdE) in order to allow for rapid membrane turnover. Nonetheless, we show here that, in mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDHmut) gliomas, which produce the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), PtdCho and PtdE biosynthesis is downregulated and results in lower levels of both phospholipids when compared with wild-type IDH1 cells. 2-HG inhibited collagen-4-prolyl hydroxylase activity, leading to accumulation of misfolded procollagen-IV in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of both genetically engineered and patient-derived IDHmut glioma models. The resulting ER stress triggered increased expression of FAM134b, which mediated autophagic degradation of the ER (ER-phagy) and a reduction in the ER area. Because the ER is the site of phospholipid synthesis, ER-phagy led to reduced PtdCho and PtdE biosynthesis. Inhibition of ER-phagy via pharmacological or molecular approaches restored phospholipid biosynthesis in IDHmut glioma cells, triggered apoptotic cell death, inhibited tumor growth, and prolonged the survival of orthotopic IDHmut glioma-bearing mice, pointing to a potential therapeutic opportunity. Glioma patient biopsies also exhibited increased ER-phagy and downregulation of PtdCho and PtdE levels in IDHmut samples compared with wild-type, clinically validating our observations. Collectively, this study provides detailed and clinically relevant insights into the functional link between oncometabolite-driven ER-phagy and phospholipid biosynthesis in IDHmut gliomas.Significance: Downregulation of phospholipid biosynthesis via ER-phagy is essential for proliferation and clonogenicity of mutant IDH1 gliomas, a finding with immediate therapeutic implications. Cancer Res; 78(9); 2290-304. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Marina Radoul
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jose Luis Izquierdo-Garcia
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Wei Qiang Ong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Hema Artee Luchman
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - J Gregory Cairncross
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Southern Alberta Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Russell O Pieper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joanna J Phillips
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Helen Diller Research Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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38
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TOF-SIMS analysis of an isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation-associated oncometabolite in cancer cells. Biointerphases 2018; 13:03B404. [PMID: 29382206 DOI: 10.1116/1.5013633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of analytical tools for accurate and sensitive detection of intracellular metabolites associated with mutated metabolic enzymes is important in cancer diagnosis and staging. The gene encoding the metabolic enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is mutated in various cancers, and mutant IDH1 could represent a good biomarker and potent target for cancer therapy. Owing to a mutation in an important arginine residue in the catalytic pocket, mutant IDH1 catalyzes the production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) instead of its wild type product α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), which is involved in multiple cellular pathways involving the hydroxylation of proteins, ribonucleic acid, and deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA). Since 2-HG is an α-KG antagonist, inhibiting normal α-KG-dependent metabolism, high intracellular levels of 2-HG result in abnormal histone and DNA methylation. Therefore, accurate and sensitive analytical tools for the direct detection of 2-HG in cancer cells expressing mutant IDH1 would benefit this field, as it would minimize the need both for complicated experimental procedures and for large amounts of biological samples. Here, the authors describe a useful analytical method for the direct detection of 2-HG in lysates from a mutant IDH1-expressing cell line by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) analysis, a powerful surface analysis tool. In addition, the authors verified the efficacy of the specific mutant IDH1 inhibitor AGI-5198 by tracking the intracellular 2-HG concentration, which decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate the large potential of TOF-SIMS as an analytical tool for the simple, direct detection of oncometabolites during cancer diagnosis, and for verifying the efficiency of the targeted cancer drugs.
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Molenaar RJ, Maciejewski JP, Wilmink JW, van Noorden CJF. Wild-type and mutated IDH1/2 enzymes and therapy responses. Oncogene 2018; 37:1949-1960. [PMID: 29367755 PMCID: PMC5895605 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-017-0077-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) are key enzymes in cellular metabolism, epigenetic regulation, redox states, and DNA repair. IDH1/2 mutations are causal in the development and/or progression of various types of cancer due to supraphysiological production of d-2-hydroxyglutarate. In various tumor types, IDH1/2-mutated cancers predict for improved responses to treatment with irradiation or chemotherapy. The present review discusses the molecular basis of the sensitivity of IDH1/2-mutated cancers with respect to the function of mutated IDH1/2 in cellular processes and their interactions with novel IDH1/2-mutant inhibitors. Finally, lessons learned from IDH1/2 mutations for future clinical applications in IDH1/2 wild-type cancers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco J Molenaar
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Johanna W Wilmink
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J F van Noorden
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Karpel-Massler G, Ishida CT, Bianchetti E, Zhang Y, Shu C, Tsujiuchi T, Banu MA, Garcia F, Roth KA, Bruce JN, Canoll P, Siegelin MD. Induction of synthetic lethality in IDH1-mutated gliomas through inhibition of Bcl-xL. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1067. [PMID: 29057925 PMCID: PMC5651864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain gliomas often harbor a mutation in the activity center of IDH1 (R132H), which leads to the production of the oncometabolite 2-R-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). In six model systems, including patient-derived stem cell-like glioblastoma cultures, inhibition of Bcl-xL induces significantly more apoptosis in IDH1-mutated cells than in wild-type IDH1 cells. Anaplastic astrocytoma samples with mutated IDH1 display lower levels of Mcl-1 than IDH1 wild-type tumors and specific knockdown of Mcl-1 broadly sensitizes glioblastoma cells to Bcl-xL inhibition-mediated apoptosis. Addition of 2-HG to glioblastoma cultures recapitulates the effects of the IDH mutation on intrinsic apoptosis, shuts down oxidative phosphorylation and reduces ATP levels in glioblastoma cells. 2-HG-mediated energy depletion activates AMPK (Threonine 172), blunting protein synthesis and mTOR signaling, culminating in a decline of Mcl-1. In an orthotopic glioblastoma xenograft model expressing mutated IDH1, Bcl-xL inhibition leads to long-term survival. These results demonstrate that IDH1-mutated gliomas are particularly vulnerable to Bcl-xL inhibition. Glioblastoma (GBM) cells are often characterized by the presence of the IDH1 R132H mutation and high expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. Here, the authors show that the inhibition of Bcl-xL is synthetically lethal in IDH1-mutated GBM models and that this effect is mediated by the oncometabolite, 2-HG, which reduces Mcl-1 protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Karpel-Massler
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Chiaki Tsuge Ishida
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Elena Bianchetti
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Yiru Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Takashi Tsujiuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Matei A Banu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Franklin Garcia
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Kevin A Roth
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Bruce
- Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Markus D Siegelin
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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Miller TE, Liau BB, Wallace LC, Morton AR, Xie Q, Dixit D, Factor DC, Kim LJY, Morrow JJ, Wu Q, Mack SC, Hubert CG, Gillespie SM, Flavahan WA, Hoffmann T, Thummalapalli R, Hemann MT, Paddison PJ, Horbinski CM, Zuber J, Scacheri PC, Bernstein BE, Tesar PJ, Rich JN. Transcription elongation factors represent in vivo cancer dependencies in glioblastoma. Nature 2017; 547:355-359. [PMID: 28678782 PMCID: PMC5896562 DOI: 10.1038/nature23000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a universally lethal cancer with a median survival time of approximately 15 months. Despite substantial efforts to define druggable targets, there are no therapeutic options that notably extend the lifespan of patients with glioblastoma. While previous work has largely focused on in vitro cellular models, here we demonstrate a more physiologically relevant approach to target discovery in glioblastoma. We adapted pooled RNA interference (RNAi) screening technology for use in orthotopic patient-derived xenograft models, creating a high-throughput negative-selection screening platform in a functional in vivo tumour microenvironment. Using this approach, we performed parallel in vivo and in vitro screens and discovered that the chromatin and transcriptional regulators needed for cell survival in vivo are non-overlapping with those required in vitro. We identified transcription pause-release and elongation factors as one set of in vivo-specific cancer dependencies, and determined that these factors are necessary for enhancer-mediated transcriptional adaptations that enable cells to survive the tumour microenvironment. Our lead hit, JMJD6, mediates the upregulation of in vivo stress and stimulus response pathways through enhancer-mediated transcriptional pause-release, promoting cell survival specifically in vivo. Targeting JMJD6 or other identified elongation factors extends survival in orthotopic xenograft mouse models, suggesting that targeting transcription elongation machinery may be an effective therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma. More broadly, this study demonstrates the power of in vivo phenotypic screening to identify new classes of 'cancer dependencies' not identified by previous in vitro approaches, and could supply new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler E Miller
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Brian B Liau
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Epigenomics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Lisa C Wallace
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Andrew R Morton
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Qi Xie
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Daniel C Factor
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Leo J Y Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - James J Morrow
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Shawn M Gillespie
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Epigenomics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - William A Flavahan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rohit Thummalapalli
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Epigenomics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Michael T Hemann
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Patrick J Paddison
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Craig M Horbinski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.,Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60615, USA
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter C Scacheri
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Epigenomics Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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42
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Molenaar RJ, Coelen RJS, Khurshed M, Roos E, Caan MWA, van Linde ME, Kouwenhoven M, Bramer JAM, Bovée JVMG, Mathôt RA, Klümpen HJ, van Laarhoven HWM, van Noorden CJF, Vandertop WP, Gelderblom H, van Gulik TM, Wilmink JW. Study protocol of a phase IB/II clinical trial of metformin and chloroquine in patients with IDH1-mutated or IDH2-mutated solid tumours. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014961. [PMID: 28601826 PMCID: PMC5541450 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-grade chondrosarcoma, high-grade glioma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma are aggressive types of cancer with a dismal outcome. This is due to the lack of effective treatment options, emphasising the need for novel therapies. Mutations in the genes IDH1 and IDH2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2) occur in 60% of chondrosarcoma, 80% of WHO grade II-IV glioma and 20% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. IDH1/2-mutated cancer cells produce the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) and are metabolically vulnerable to treatment with the oral antidiabetic metformin and the oral antimalarial drug chloroquine. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We describe a dose-finding phase Ib/II clinical trial, in which patients with IDH1/2-mutated chondrosarcoma, glioma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma are treated with a combination of metformin and chloroquine. Dose escalation is performed according to a 3+3 dose-escalation scheme. The primary objective is to determine the maximum tolerated dose to establish the recommended dose for a phase II clinical trial. Secondary objectives of the study include (1) determination of pharmacokinetics and toxic effects of the study therapy, for which metformin and chloroquine serum levels will be determined over time; (2) investigation of tumour responses to metformin plus chloroquine in IDH1/2-mutated cancers using CT/MRI scans; and (3) whether tumour responses can be measured by non-invasive D-2HG measurements (mass spectrometry and magnetic resonance spectroscopy) of tumour tissue, serum, urine, and/or bile or next-generation sequencing of circulating tumour DNA (liquid biopsies). This study may open a novel treatment avenue for IDH1/2-mutated high-grade chondrosarcoma, glioma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by repurposing the combination of two inexpensive drugs that are already approved for other indications. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by the medical-ethical review committee of the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. The report will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This article was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT02496741): Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco J Molenaar
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert JS Coelen
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammed Khurshed
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Roos
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthan WA Caan
- Department of Radiology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myra E van Linde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Kouwenhoven
- Department of Neurology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos AM Bramer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith VMG Bovée
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A Mathôt
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz-Josef Klümpen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke WM van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis JF van Noorden
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Peter Vandertop
- Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Gelderblom
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas M van Gulik
- Department of Experimental Surgery, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna W Wilmink
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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43
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Yu XJ, Zou LH, Jin JH, Xiao F, Li L, Liu N, Yang JF, Zou T. Long noncoding RNAs and novel inflammatory genes determined by RNA sequencing in human lymphocytes are up-regulated in permanent atrial fibrillation. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:2314-2326. [PMID: 28559982 PMCID: PMC5446514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia in clinical practice. Currently, approximately 33.5 million individuals are affected by AF globally. AF involves multiple complicated mechanisms which have not been fully investigated yet. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) is an outstanding method for investigation of diseases due to its high-throughput information. Here, RNAseq was applied to determine mRNA and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression profiles in human lymphocytes from 6 permanent atrial fibrillation (pmAF) patients and 6 healthy controls. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to further validate 3 lncRNAs and 4 inflammatory mRNAs. It was discovered that there were numerous differentially-expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs between these two groups. GO analysis indicated that differentially-expressed mRNAs were mainly involved in native immunity, inflammation, signaling transduction and so forth, and they were also enriched in pathways like TNF signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor pathway and NOD-like receptor pathway. Moreover, co-expression network demonstrated that dysregulated mRNAs and lncRNAs in pmAF lymphocytes participated in inflammation, autophagy, mitochondrial functions, oxidative stress, etc. Further validation by qRT-PCR demonstrated mRNAs and lncRNAs were significantly higher in lymphocytes from pmAF patients compared with controls. In conclusion, mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles in lymphocytes are significantly different between pmAF and controls, differentially-expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs are involved in pathways closely associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy, cell apoptosis and collagen synthesis, suggesting lymphocytes might play indispensable roles in the development of pmAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Jing Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical MedicineBeijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Li-Hui Zou
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyBeijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Hua Jin
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyBeijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xiao
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyBeijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of GerontologyBeijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing HospitalBeijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Jie-Fu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Fifth School of Clinical MedicineBeijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing HospitalBeijing 100730, P. R. China
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44
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Koncar RF, Chu Z, Romick-Rosendale LE, Wells SI, Chan TA, Qi X, Bahassi EM. PLK1 inhibition enhances temozolomide efficacy in IDH1 mutant gliomas. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15827-15837. [PMID: 28178660 PMCID: PMC5362526 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite multimodal therapy with radiation and the DNA alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ), malignant gliomas remain incurable. Up to 90% of grades II-III gliomas contain a single mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) allele. IDH1 mutant-mediated transformation is associated with TMZ resistance; however, there is no clinically available means of sensitizing IDH1 mutant tumors to TMZ. In this study we sought to identify a targetable mechanism of TMZ resistance in IDH1 mutant tumors to enhance TMZ efficacy. IDH1 mutant astrocytes rapidly bypassed the G2 checkpoint with unrepaired DNA damage following TMZ treatment. Checkpoint adaptation was accompanied by PLK1 activation and IDH1 mutant astrocytes were more sensitive to treatment with BI2536 and TMZ in combination (<20% clonogenic survival) than either TMZ (~60%) or BI2536 (~75%) as single agents. In vivo, TMZ or BI2536 alone had little effect on tumor size. Combination treatment caused marked tumor shrinkage in all mice and complete tumor regression in 5 of 8 mice. Mutant IDH1 promotes checkpoint adaptation which can be exploited therapeutically with the combination of TMZ and a PLK1 inhibitor, indicating PLK1 inhibitors may be clinically valuable in the treatment of IDH1 mutant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F. Koncar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Susanne I. Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Timothy A. Chan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - El Mustapha Bahassi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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45
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Unruh D, Schwarze SR, Khoury L, Thomas C, Wu M, Chen L, Chen R, Liu Y, Schwartz MA, Amidei C, Kumthekar P, Benjamin CG, Song K, Dawson C, Rispoli JM, Fatterpekar G, Golfinos JG, Kondziolka D, Karajannis M, Pacione D, Zagzag D, McIntyre T, Snuderl M, Horbinski C. Mutant IDH1 and thrombosis in gliomas. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 132:917-930. [PMID: 27664011 PMCID: PMC5640980 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is common in gliomas, and produces D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG). The full effects of IDH1 mutations on glioma biology and tumor microenvironment are unknown. We analyzed a discovery cohort of 169 World Health Organization (WHO) grade II-IV gliomas, followed by a validation cohort of 148 cases, for IDH1 mutations, intratumoral microthrombi, and venous thromboemboli (VTE). 430 gliomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed for mRNAs associated with coagulation, and 95 gliomas in a tissue microarray were assessed for tissue factor (TF) protein. In vitro and in vivo assays evaluated platelet aggregation and clotting time in the presence of mutant IDH1 or D-2-HG. VTE occurred in 26-30 % of patients with wild-type IDH1 gliomas, but not in patients with mutant IDH1 gliomas (0 %). IDH1 mutation status was the most powerful predictive marker for VTE, independent of variables such as GBM diagnosis and prolonged hospital stay. Microthrombi were far less common within mutant IDH1 gliomas regardless of WHO grade (85-90 % in wild-type versus 2-6 % in mutant), and were an independent predictor of IDH1 wild-type status. Among all 35 coagulation-associated genes, F3 mRNA, encoding TF, showed the strongest inverse relationship with IDH1 mutations. Mutant IDH1 gliomas had F3 gene promoter hypermethylation, with lower TF protein expression. D-2-HG rapidly inhibited platelet aggregation and blood clotting via a novel calcium-dependent, methylation-independent mechanism. Mutant IDH1 glioma engraftment in mice significantly prolonged bleeding time. Our data suggest that mutant IDH1 has potent antithrombotic activity within gliomas and throughout the peripheral circulation. These findings have implications for the pathologic evaluation of gliomas, the effect of altered isocitrate metabolism on tumor microenvironment, and risk assessment of glioma patients for VTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusten Unruh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Tarry 2-705, 300 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | | | - Laith Khoury
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Cheddhi Thomas
- Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meijing Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Tarry 2-705, 300 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yinxing Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Christina Amidei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Tarry 2-705, 300 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Priya Kumthekar
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John G Golfinos
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Donato Pacione
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Zagzag
- Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas McIntyre
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University, Tarry 2-705, 300 East Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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46
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Yan Y, Xu Z, Dai S, Qian L, Sun L, Gong Z. Targeting autophagy to sensitive glioma to temozolomide treatment. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35:23. [PMID: 26830677 PMCID: PMC4736617 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent, is widely used for treating primary and recurrent high-grade gliomas. However, the efficacy of TMZ is often limited by the development of resistance. Recently, studies have found that TMZ treatment could induce autophagy, which contributes to therapy resistance in glioma. To enhance the benefit of TMZ in the treatment of glioblastomas, effective combination strategies are needed to sensitize glioblastoma cells to TMZ. In this regard, as autophagy could promote cell survival or autophagic cell death, modulating autophagy using a pharmacological inhibitor, such as chloroquine, or an inducer, such as rapamycin, has received considerably more attention. To understand the effectiveness of regulating autophagy in glioblastoma treatment, this review summarizes reports on glioblastoma treatments with TMZ and autophagic modulators from in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials. Additionally, we discuss the possibility of using autophagy regulatory compounds that can sensitive TMZ treatment as a chemotherapy for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Shuang Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Lunquan Sun
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
- Institute of Hospital Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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47
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Schonberg DL, Miller TE, Wu Q, Flavahan WA, Das NK, Hale JS, Hubert CG, Mack SC, Jarrar AM, Karl RT, Rosager AM, Nixon AM, Tesar PJ, Hamerlik P, Kristensen BW, Horbinski C, Connor JR, Fox PL, Lathia JD, Rich JN. Preferential Iron Trafficking Characterizes Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:441-455. [PMID: 26461092 PMCID: PMC4646058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas display hierarchies with self-renewing cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). RNA sequencing and enhancer mapping revealed regulatory programs unique to CSCs causing upregulation of the iron transporter transferrin, the top differentially expressed gene compared with tissue-specific progenitors. Direct interrogation of iron uptake demonstrated that CSCs potently extract iron from the microenvironment more effectively than other tumor cells. Systematic interrogation of iron flux determined that CSCs preferentially require transferrin receptor and ferritin, two core iron regulators, to propagate and form tumors in vivo. Depleting ferritin disrupted CSC mitotic progression, through the STAT3-FoxM1 regulatory axis, revealing an iron-regulated CSC pathway. Iron is a unique, primordial metal fundamental for earliest life forms, on which CSCs have an epigenetically programmed, targetable dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Schonberg
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tyler E Miller
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - William A Flavahan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Nupur K Das
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - James S Hale
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Awad M Jarrar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Robert T Karl
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ann Mari Rosager
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne M Nixon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Paul J Tesar
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Brain Tumor Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjarne W Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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48
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Molenaar RJ, Botman D, Smits MA, Hira VV, van Lith SA, Stap J, Henneman P, Khurshed M, Lenting K, Mul AN, Dimitrakopoulou D, van Drunen CM, Hoebe RA, Radivoyevitch T, Wilmink JW, Maciejewski JP, Vandertop WP, Leenders WP, Bleeker FE, van Noorden CJ. Radioprotection of IDH1-Mutated Cancer Cells by the IDH1-Mutant Inhibitor AGI-5198. Cancer Res 2015; 75:4790-802. [PMID: 26363012 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-3603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is mutated in various types of human cancer to IDH1(R132H), a structural alteration that leads to catalysis of α-ketoglutarate to the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate. In this study, we present evidence that small-molecule inhibitors of IDH1(R132H) that are being developed for cancer therapy may pose risks with coadministration of radiotherapy. Cancer cells heterozygous for the IDH1(R132H) mutation exhibited less IDH-mediated production of NADPH, such that after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), there were higher levels of reactive oxygen species, DNA double-strand breaks, and cell death compared with IDH1 wild-type cells. These effects were reversed by the IDH1(R132H) inhibitor AGI-5198. Exposure of IDH1 wild-type cells to D-2-hydroxyglutarate was sufficient to reduce IDH-mediated NADPH production and increase IR sensitivity. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the radiosensitivity of heterozygous cells was independent of the well-described DNA hypermethylation phenotype in IDH1-mutated cancers. Thus, our results argue that altered oxidative stress responses are a plausible mechanism to understand the radiosensitivity of IDH1-mutated cancer cells. Further, they offer an explanation for the relatively longer survival of patients with IDH1-mutated tumors, and they imply that administration of IDH1(R132H) inhibitors in these patients may limit irradiation efficacy in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remco J Molenaar
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Dennis Botman
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Myrthe A Smits
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vashendriya V Hira
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne A van Lith
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Stap
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Henneman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mohammed Khurshed
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Krissie Lenting
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Adri N Mul
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dionysia Dimitrakopoulou
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis M van Drunen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron A Hoebe
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tomas Radivoyevitch
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Johanna W Wilmink
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - W Peter Vandertop
- Department of Neurosurgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Neurosurgery, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - William P Leenders
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fonnet E Bleeker
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J van Noorden
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Xie Q, Wu Q, Horbinski CM, Flavahan WA, Yang K, Zhou W, Dombrowski SM, Huang Z, Fang X, Shi Y, Ferguson AN, Kashatus DF, Bao S, Rich JN. Mitochondrial control by DRP1 in brain tumor initiating cells. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:501-10. [PMID: 25730670 PMCID: PMC4376639 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs) co-opt the neuronal high affinity glucose transporter, GLUT3, to withstand metabolic stress. We investigated another mechanism critical to brain metabolism, mitochondrial morphology, in BTICs. BTIC mitochondria were fragmented relative to non-BTIC tumor cell mitochondria, suggesting that BTICs increase mitochondrial fission. The essential mediator of mitochondrial fission, dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), showed activating phosphorylation in BTICs and inhibitory phosphorylation in non-BTIC tumor cells. Targeting DRP1 using RNA interference or pharmacologic inhibition induced BTIC apoptosis and inhibited tumor growth. Downstream, DRP1 activity regulated the essential metabolic stress sensor, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and targeting AMPK rescued the effects of DRP1 disruption. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) phosphorylated DRP1 to increase its activity in BTICs, whereas Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CAMK2) inhibited DRP1 in non-BTIC tumor cells, suggesting that tumor cell differentiation induces a regulatory switch in mitochondrial morphology. DRP1 activation correlated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma, suggesting that mitochondrial dynamics may represent a therapeutic target for BTICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xie
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Qiulian Wu
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | | | - William A. Flavahan
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Kailin Yang
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
- Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Wenchao Zhou
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | | | - Zhi Huang
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Xiaoguang Fang
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Yu Shi
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Ashley N. Ferguson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - David F. Kashatus
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Shideng Bao
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
- Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Jeremy N. Rich
- Departments of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
- Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
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50
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Chloroquine potentiates temozolomide cytotoxicity by inhibiting mitochondrial autophagy in glioma cells. J Neurooncol 2014; 122:11-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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