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Genc S, Ball G, Chamberland M, Raven EP, Tax CM, Ward I, Yang JYM, Palombo M, Jones DK. MRI signatures of cortical microstructure in human development align with oligodendrocyte cell-type expression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.30.605934. [PMID: 39131383 PMCID: PMC11312524 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.30.605934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Neuroanatomical changes to the cortex during adolescence have been well documented using MRI, revealing ongoing cortical thinning and volume loss with age. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms remain elusive with conventional neuroimaging. Recent advances in MRI hardware and new biophysical models of tissue informed by diffusion MRI data hold promise for identifying the cellular changes driving these morphological observations. This study used ultra-strong gradient MRI to obtain high-resolution, in vivo estimates of cortical neurite and soma microstructure in sample of typically developing children and adolescents. Cortical neurite signal fraction, attributed to neuronal and glial processes, increased with age (mean R2 fneurite=.53, p<3.3e-11, 11.91% increase over age), while apparent soma radius decreased (mean R2 Rsoma=.48, p<4.4e-10, 1% decrease over age) across domain-specific networks. To complement these findings, developmental patterns of cortical gene expression in two independent post-mortem databases were analysed. This revealed increased expression of genes expressed in oligodendrocytes, and excitatory neurons, alongside a relative decrease in expression of genes expressed in astrocyte, microglia and endothelial cell-types. Age-related genes were significantly enriched in cortical oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte progenitors and Layer 5-6 neurons (pFDR<.001) and prominently expressed in adolescence and young adulthood. The spatial and temporal alignment of oligodendrocyte cell-type gene expression with neurite and soma microstructural changes suggest that ongoing cortical myelination processes contribute to adolescent cortical development. These findings highlight the role of intra-cortical myelination in cortical maturation during adolescence and into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sila Genc
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Developmental Imaging, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuroscience Advanced Clinical Imaging Service (NACIS), Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gareth Ball
- Developmental Imaging, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maxime Chamberland
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Erika P Raven
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Chantal Mw Tax
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Isobel Ward
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Data and Analysis for Social Care and Health, Office for National Statistics, Newport, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Yuan-Mou Yang
- Developmental Imaging, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuroscience Advanced Clinical Imaging Service (NACIS), Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marco Palombo
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Derek K Jones
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Kolomeets NS, Uranova NA. Deficit of satellite oligodendrocytes of neurons in the rostral part of the head of the caudate nucleus in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01869-x. [PMID: 39073446 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates compromised myelin integrity and oligodendrocyte abnormalities in the dysfunction of neuronal networks in schizophrenia. We previously reported a deficiency of myelinating oligodendrocytes (OL), oligodendrocyte progenitors (OP) and satellite oligodendrocytes of neurons (Sat-OL) in the prefrontal cortex and the inferior parietal cortex - cortical hubs of the frontoparietal cognitive network and default mode network (DMN) altered in schizophrenia. Deficiency of OL and OP was also detected in the head of the caudate nucleus (HCN), which accumulates cortical projections from the associative cortex and is the central node of these networks. However, the number of Sat-Ol per neuron in schizophrenia has not been studied in the HCN. In the current study we estimated the number of Sat-Ol per neuron in the rostral part of the HCN in schizophrenia (n = 18) compared to healthy controls (n = 18) in the same section collection that was previously used to study the number Ol and OP. We found a significant decrease of the number of Sat-Ol per neuron (- 50%, p < 0.001) in schizophrenia as compared to normal controls. Considering that the rostral part of the HCN is an individual network-specific projection zone of the DMN, the deficit of Sat-Ol found in schizophrenia may be related to the dysfunctional DMN-HCN connections, which has been repeatedly described in schizophrenia. The dramatic decrease of the number of Sat-Ol per neuron may be partially related to a pronounced excess of dopamine concentration in the rostral part of the HCN in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Kolomeets
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology, Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoe shosse 34, Moscow, 115522, Russia
| | - N A Uranova
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology, Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoe shosse 34, Moscow, 115522, Russia.
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Chandra J. The potential role of the p75 receptor in schizophrenia: neuroimmunomodulation and making life or death decisions. Brain Behav Immun Health 2024; 38:100796. [PMID: 38813083 PMCID: PMC11134531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The nerve growth factor receptor, also referred to as tumour necrosis factor II and the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75), serves pleiotropic functions in both the peripheral and central nervous system, involving modulation of immune responses, cell survival and cell death signalling in response to multiple ligands including cytokines such as TNFα, as well as proneurotrophins and mature neurotrophins. Whilst in vitro and in vivo studies have characterised various responses of the p75 receptor in isolated conditions, it remains unclear whether the p75 receptor serves to provide neuroprotection or contributes to neurotoxicity in neuroinflammatory and neurotrophin-deficit conditions, such as those presenting in schizophrenia. The purpose of this mini-review is to characterise the potential signalling mechanisms of the p75 receptor respective to neuropathological changes prevailing in schizophrenia to ultimately propose how specific functions of the receptor may underlie altered levels of p75 in specific cell types. On the basis of this evaluation, this mini-review aims to promote avenues for future research in utilising the therapeutic potential of ligands for the p75 receptor in psychiatric disorders, whereby heightened inflammation and reductions in trophic signalling mechanisms coalesce in the brain, potentially resulting in tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Chandra
- Neuroscience Research Australia, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Khelfaoui H, Ibaceta-Gonzalez C, Angulo MC. Functional myelin in cognition and neurodevelopmental disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:181. [PMID: 38615095 PMCID: PMC11016012 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
In vertebrates, oligodendrocytes (OLs) are glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS) responsible for the formation of the myelin sheath that surrounds the axons of neurons. The myelin sheath plays a crucial role in the transmission of neuronal information by promoting the rapid saltatory conduction of action potentials and providing neurons with structural and metabolic support. Saltatory conduction, first described in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), is now generally recognized as a universal evolutionary innovation to respond quickly to the environment: myelin helps us think and act fast. Nevertheless, the role of myelin in the central nervous system, especially in the brain, may not be primarily focused on accelerating conduction speed but rather on ensuring precision. Its principal function could be to coordinate various neuronal networks, promoting their synchronization through oscillations (or rhythms) relevant for specific information processing tasks. Interestingly, myelin has been directly involved in different types of cognitive processes relying on brain oscillations, and myelin plasticity is currently considered to be part of the fundamental mechanisms for memory formation and maintenance. However, despite ample evidence showing the involvement of myelin in cognition and neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by cognitive impairments, the link between myelin, brain oscillations, cognition and disease is not yet fully understood. In this review, we aim to highlight what is known and what remains to be explored to understand the role of myelin in high order brain processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasni Khelfaoui
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Cristobal Ibaceta-Gonzalez
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Maria Cecilia Angulo
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France.
- GHU-PARIS Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, 75014, Paris, France.
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Jørgensen KN, Nerland S, Slapø NB, Norbom LB, Mørch-Johnsen L, Wortinger LA, Barth C, Andreou D, Maximov II, Geier OM, Andreassen OA, Jönsson EG, Agartz I. Assessing regional intracortical myelination in schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders using the optimized T1w/T2w-ratio. Psychol Med 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38563302 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysmyelination could be part of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia spectrum (SCZ) and bipolar disorders (BPD), yet few studies have examined myelination of the cerebral cortex. The ratio of T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI) correlates with intracortical myelin. We investigated the T1w/T2w-ratio and its age trajectories in patients and healthy controls (CTR) and explored associations with antipsychotic medication use and psychotic symptoms. METHODS Patients with SCZ (n = 64; mean age = 30.4 years, s.d. = 9.8), BPD (n = 91; mean age 31.0 years, s.d. = 10.2), and CTR (n = 155; mean age = 31.9 years, s.d. = 9.1) who participated in the TOP study (NORMENT, University of Oslo, Norway) were clinically assessed and scanned using a General Electric 3 T MRI system. T1w/T2w-ratio images were computed using an optimized pipeline with intensity normalization and field inhomogeneity correction. Vertex-wise regression models were used to compare groups and examine group × age interactions. In regions showing significant differences, we explored associations with antipsychotic medication use and psychotic symptoms. RESULTS No main effect of diagnosis was found. However, age slopes of the T1w/T2w-ratio differed significantly between SCZ and CTR, predominantly in frontal and temporal lobe regions: Lower T1w/T2w-ratio values with higher age were found in CTR, but not in SCZ. Follow-up analyses revealed a more positive age slope in patients who were using antipsychotics and patients using higher chlorpromazine-equivalent doses. CONCLUSIONS While we found no evidence of reduced intracortical myelin in SCZ or BPD relative to CTR, different regional age trajectories in SCZ may suggest a promyelinating effect of antipsychotic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Nordbø Jørgensen
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway
| | - Stener Nerland
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nora Berz Slapø
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn B Norbom
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, PROMENTA Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lynn Mørch-Johnsen
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry & Department of Clinical Research, Østfold Hospital, Grålum, Norway
| | - Laura Anne Wortinger
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claudia Barth
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dimitrios Andreou
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivan I Maximov
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oliver M Geier
- Department of Physics and Computational Radiology, Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- The Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wortinger LA, Stavrum AK, Shadrin AA, Szabo A, Rukke SH, Nerland S, Smelror RE, Jørgensen KN, Barth C, Andreou D, Weibell MA, Djurovic S, Andreassen OA, Thoresen M, Ursini G, Agartz I, Le Hellard S. Divergent epigenetic responses to perinatal asphyxia in severe mental disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:16. [PMID: 38191519 PMCID: PMC10774425 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications influenced by environmental exposures are molecular sources of phenotypic heterogeneity found in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and may contribute to shared etiopathogenetic mechanisms of these two disorders. Newborns who experienced perinatal asphyxia have suffered reduced oxygen delivery to the brain around the time of birth, which increases the risk of later psychiatric diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate DNA methylation in blood cells for associations with a history of perinatal asphyxia, a neurologically harmful condition occurring within the biological environment of birth. We utilized prospective data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway to identify incidents of perinatal asphyxia in 643 individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and 676 healthy controls. We performed an epigenome wide association study to distinguish differentially methylated positions associated with perinatal asphyxia. We found an interaction between methylation and exposure to perinatal asphyxia on case-control status, wherein having a history of perinatal asphyxia was associated with an increase of methylation in healthy controls and a decrease of methylation in patients on 4 regions of DNA important for brain development and function. The differentially methylated regions were observed in genes involved in oligodendrocyte survival and axonal myelination and functional recovery (LINGO3); assembly, maturation and maintenance of the brain (BLCAP;NNAT and NANOS2) and axonal transport processes and neural plasticity (SLC2A14). These findings are consistent with the notion that an opposite epigenetic response to perinatal asphyxia, in patients compared with controls, may contribute to molecular mechanisms of risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Wortinger
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anne-Kristin Stavrum
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Alexey A Shadrin
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Attila Szabo
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Stener Nerland
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Runar Elle Smelror
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Nordbø Jørgensen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway
| | - Claudia Barth
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dimitrios Andreou
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Melissa A Weibell
- TIPS-Network for Clinical Research in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Faculty of Health, Network for Medical Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Thoresen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Neonatal Neuroscience, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Ursini
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Moon SY, Park H, Lee W, Lee S, Lho SK, Kim M, Kim KW, Kwon JS. Magnetic resonance texture analysis reveals stagewise nonlinear alterations of the frontal gray matter in patients with early psychosis. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:5309-5318. [PMID: 37500824 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Although gray matter (GM) abnormalities are present from the early stages of psychosis, subtle/miniscule changes may not be detected by conventional volumetry. Texture analysis (TA), which permits quantification of the complex interrelationship between contrasts at the individual voxel level, may capture subtle GM changes with more sensitivity than does volume or cortical thickness (CTh). We performed three-dimensional TA in nine GM regions of interest (ROIs) using T1 magnetic resonance images from 101 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), 85 patients at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, and 147 controls. Via principal component analysis, three features of gray-level cooccurrence matrix - informational measure of correlation 1 (IMC1), autocorrelation (AC), and inverse difference (ID) - were selected to analyze cortical texture in the ROIs that showed a significant change in volume or CTh in the study groups. Significant reductions in GM volume and CTh of various frontotemporal regions were found in the FEP compared with the controls. Increased frontal AC was found in the FEP group compared to the controls after adjusting for volume and CTh changes. While volume and CTh were preserved in the CHR group, a stagewise nonlinear increase in frontal IMC1 was found, which exceeded both the controls and FEP group. Increased frontal IMC1 was also associated with a lesser severity of attenuated positive symptoms in the CHR group, while neither volume nor CTh was. The results of the current study suggest that frontal IMC1 may reflect subtle, dynamic GM changes and the symptomatology of the CHR stage with greater sensitivity, even in the absence of gross GM abnormalities. Some structural mechanisms that may contribute to texture changes (e.g., macrostructural cortical lamina, neuropil/myelination, cortical reorganization) and their possible implications are explored and discussed. Texture may be a useful tool to investigate subtle and dynamic GM abnormalities, especially during the CHR period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Moon
- Department of Public Health Service, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungyou Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Minah Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Woong Kim
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Natural Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Uranova NA, Vikhreva OV, Rakhmanova VI. Microglia-neuron interactions in prefrontal gray matter in schizophrenia: a postmortem ultrastructural morphometric study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1633-1648. [PMID: 37178237 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study addressed the question of whether the interaction between neurons and satellite microglia (SatMg) is abnormal in schizophrenia. SatMg-neuron communication at direct contacts between neuronal soma is essential for neuroplasticity as SatMg can regulate neuronal activity. A postmortem ultrastructural morphometric study was performed to investigate SatMg and adjacent neurons in layer 5 of the prefrontal cortex in 21 cases of schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls. Density of SatMg was significantly higher in the young schizophrenia group and in the group with illness duration ≤ 26 years as compared to controls. We found lower volume fraction (Vv) and the number (N) of mitochondria and higher Vv and N of lipofuscin granules and vacuoles in endoplasmic reticulum in SatMg in the schizophrenia compared to the control brain. These changes progressed with age and illness duration. A significantly higher soma area and Vv of vacuoles of endoplasmic reticulum were revealed in neurons in schizophrenia as compared to controls. Negative significant correlations between N of vacuoles in neurons and N of mitochondria in SatMg were found in the control group but not in the schizophrenia group. Area of vacuole in neurons was significantly positively correlated with Vv and area of mitochondria in SatMg in the control group and negatively in the schizophrenia group. Correlation coefficients between these parameters differed significantly between the groups. These results indicate disturbed SatMg-neuron interactions in the schizophrenia brain and suggest a key role of mitochondrial abnormalities in SatMg in these disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Uranova
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology, Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 34, 115522, Moscow, Russia.
| | - O V Vikhreva
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology, Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 34, 115522, Moscow, Russia
| | - V I Rakhmanova
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology, Mental Health Research Center, Kashirskoe Shosse 34, 115522, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Shriebman Y, Yitzhaky A, Kosloff M, Hertzberg L. Gene expression meta-analysis in patients with schizophrenia reveals up-regulation of RGS2 and RGS16 in Brodmann Area 10. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:360-372. [PMID: 36443250 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Regulator of G-protein signalling (RGS) proteins inhibit signalling by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). GPCRs mediate the functions of several important neurotransmitters and serve as targets of many anti-psychotics. RGS2, RGS4, RGS5 and RGS16 are located on chromosome 1q23.3-31, a locus found to be associated with schizophrenia. Although previous gene expression analysis detected down-regulation of RGS4 expression in brain samples of patients with schizophrenia, the results were not consistent. In the present study, we performed a systematic meta-analysis of differential RGS2, RGS4, RGS5 and RGS16 expression in Brodmann Area 10 (BA10) samples of patients with schizophrenia and from healthy controls. Two microarray datasets met the inclusion criteria (overall, 41 schizophrenia samples and 38 controls were analysed). RGS2 and RGS16 were found to be up-regulated in BA10 samples of individuals with schizophrenia, whereas no differential expression of RGS4 and RGS5 was detected. Analysis of dorso-lateral prefrontal cortex samples of the CommonMind Consortium (258 schizophrenia samples vs. 279 controls) further validated the results. Given their central role in inactivating G-protein-coupled signalling pathways, our results suggest that differential gene expression might lead to enhanced inactivation of G-protein signalling in schizophrenia. This, in turn, suggests that additional studies are needed to further explore the consequences of the differential expression we detected, this time at the protein and functional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaen Shriebman
- Shalvata Mental Health Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Assif Yitzhaky
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mickey Kosloff
- Department of Human Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Libi Hertzberg
- Shalvata Mental Health Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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10
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Kolomeets NS, Uranova NA. [Reduced numerical density of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters in the head of the caudate nucleus in schizophrenia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:103-110. [PMID: 36719125 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2023123011103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Morphometric estimation of the numerical density of oligodendrocytes (NcOl) and numerical density of oligodendrocyte clusters (NvOlC) in the rostral part of the caudate head nucleus associated with the cortical regions of the default network in the norm and in schizophrenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS NcOl and NvOlC were determined in the gray matter of the rostral part of the head of the caudate nucleus in Nissl-stained sections using optical dissector in postmortem brains in 18 schizophrenia and 18 healthy control cases. RESULTS The NvOl (-20%, p<0.001) and NvOlC (-28%, p<0.001) were decreased in the schizophrenia group as compared to the control groups. The NvOl correlated with the NvOlC (R≥0.88, p<0.001) in both groups while a lack of correlations was previously found in the central part of the caudate head. CONCLUSION The detected deficits of the NcOl and NvOlC is an agreement with prominent suppressing of cortico-striatal connections and reduced density of gray matter in this part of the caudate in schizophrenia. The differences in the pattern of correlations as compared to the central part of this structure might be associated with the specific features of functional activity of default-mode and fronto-parietal networks associated with these parts of caudate nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Kolomeets
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Uranova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Snelleksz M, Rossell SL, Gibbons A, Nithianantharajah J, Dean B. Evidence that the frontal pole has a significant role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114850. [PMID: 36174274 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Different regions of the cortex have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Recently published data suggested there are many more changes in gene expression in the frontal pole (Brodmann's Area (BA) 10) compared to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BA 9) and the anterior cingulate cortex (BA 33) from patients with schizophrenia. These data argued that the frontal pole is significantly affected by the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The frontal pole is a region necessary for higher cognitive functions and is highly interconnected with many other brain regions. In this review we summarise the growing body of evidence to support the hypothesis that a dysfunctional frontal pole, due at least in part to its widespread effects on brain function, is making an important contribution to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We detail the many structural, cellular and molecular abnormalities in the frontal pole from people with schizophrenia and present findings that argue the symptoms of schizophrenia are closely linked to dysfunction in this critical brain region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Snelleksz
- Synaptic Biology and Cognition Laboratory, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- The Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jess Nithianantharajah
- The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian Dean
- Synaptic Biology and Cognition Laboratory, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; The Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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12
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Reduced number of satellite oligodendrocytes of pyramidal neurons in layer 5 of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:947-955. [PMID: 34822006 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging, genetic and molecular biological studies have shown impaired intra-cortical myelination in patients with schizophrenia, particularly in the prefrontal cortex. Previously we reported a significant deficit of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters in layers 3 and 5 of the prefrontal cortex, Brodmann area 10 (BA10) in schizophrenia. In this current study, we investigate the number of oligodendrocyte satellites (Sat-Ol) per pyramidal neuron in layer 5 of BA10 in schizophrenia (n = 17) as compared to healthy controls (n = 20) in the same section collection as previously used to study the numerical density (Nv) of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters. We find a significant reduction (- 39%, p < 0.001) in the number of Sat-Ol per neuron in schizophrenia as compared to the control group. The number of Sat-Ol per neuron did not correlate with the Nv of oligodendrocytes or with the Nv of oligodendrocyte clusters. Our previous studies of the inferior parietal lobule (BA39 and BA40), demonstrated significant decrease of the number of Sat-Ol only in patient subgroups with poor and fair insight. Additionally, correlation pattern between number of Sat-Ol and Nv of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters was similar between the two functionally interconnected cortical areas, BA10 and BA40, whereas in BA39, strong significant correlations were revealed between the number of Sat-Ol and Nv of oligodendrocyte clusters (0.9 ≤ R ≥ 0.66; p < 0.001). These data suggest that that specific features of Sat-Ol alterations patterns may be associated with specific activity-driven plasticity of corresponding networks in the brain of people with schizophrenia.
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13
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Markert F, Storch A. Hyperoxygenation During Mid-Neurogenesis Accelerates Cortical Development in the Fetal Mouse Brain. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:732682. [PMID: 35372333 PMCID: PMC8969024 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.732682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen tension is well-known to affect cortical development. Fetal brain hyperoxygenation during mid-neurogenesis in mice (embryonic stage E14.5. to E16.5) increases brain size evoked through an increase of neuroprecursor cells. Nevertheless, it is unknown whether these effects can lead to persistent morphological changes within the highly orchestrated brain development. To shed light on this, we used our model of controlled fetal brain hyperoxygenation in time-pregnant C57BL/6J mice housed in a chamber with 75% atmospheric oxygen from E14.5 to E16.5 and analyzed the brains from E14.5, E16.5, P0.5, and P3.5 mouse embryos and pups via immunofluorescence staining. Mid-neurogenesis hyperoxygenation led to an acceleration of cortical development by temporal expansion of the cortical plate with increased NeuN+ neuron counts in hyperoxic brains only until birth. More specifically, the number of Ctip2+ cortical layer 5 (L5) neurons was increased at E16.5 and at birth in hyperoxic brains but normalized in the early postnatal stage (P3.5). The absence of cleaved caspase 3 within the extended Ctip2+ L5 cell population largely excluded apoptosis as a major compensatory mechanism. Timed BrdU/EdU analyses likewise rule out a feedback mechanism. The normalization was, on the contrary, accompanied by an increase of active microglia within L5 targeting Ctip2+ neurons without any signs of apoptosis. Together, hyperoxygenation during mid-neurogenesis phase of fetal brain development provoked a specific transient overshoot of cortical L5 neurons leading to an accelerated cortical development without detectable persistent changes. These observations provide insight into cortical and L5 brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Markert
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, Rostock, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alexander Storch,
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14
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Valdés-Tovar M, Rodríguez-Ramírez AM, Rodríguez-Cárdenas L, Sotelo-Ramírez CE, Camarena B, Sanabrais-Jiménez MA, Solís-Chagoyán H, Argueta J, López-Riquelme GO. Insights into myelin dysfunction in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:264-285. [PMID: 35317338 PMCID: PMC8900585 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i2.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are disabling psychiatric disorders with a worldwide prevalence of approximately 1%. Both disorders present chronic and deteriorating prognoses that impose a large burden, not only on patients but also on society and health systems. These mental illnesses share several clinical and neurobiological traits; of these traits, oligodendroglial dysfunction and alterations to white matter (WM) tracts could underlie the disconnection between brain regions related to their symptomatic domains. WM is mainly composed of heavily myelinated axons and glial cells. Myelin internodes are discrete axon-wrapping membrane sheaths formed by oligodendrocyte processes. Myelin ensheathment allows fast and efficient conduction of nerve impulses through the nodes of Ranvier, improving the overall function of neuronal circuits. Rapid and precisely synchronized nerve impulse conduction through fibers that connect distant brain structures is crucial for higher-level functions, such as cognition, memory, mood, and language. Several cellular and subcellular anomalies related to myelin and oligodendrocytes have been found in postmortem samples from patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, and neuroimaging techniques have revealed consistent alterations at the macroscale connectomic level in both disorders. In this work, evidence regarding these multilevel alterations in oligodendrocytes and myelinated tracts is discussed, and the involvement of proteins in key functions of the oligodendroglial lineage, such as oligodendrogenesis and myelination, is highlighted. The molecular components of the axo-myelin unit could be important targets for novel therapeutic approaches to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Valdés-Tovar
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | | | - Leslye Rodríguez-Cárdenas
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Carlo E Sotelo-Ramírez
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
- Doctorado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Camarena
- Departamento de Farmacogenética, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | | | - Héctor Solís-Chagoyán
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Jesús Argueta
- Doctorado en Biología Experimental, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, Mexico
| | - Germán Octavio López-Riquelme
- Laboratorio de Socioneurobiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Cognitivas, Universidad del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Morelos, Mexico
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15
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Glial Cell Abnormalities in Major Psychiatric Diseases: A Systematic Review of Postmortem Brain Studies. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:1665-1692. [PMID: 35013935 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02672-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
There have been a large number of reports about glial cell dysfunction being related to major psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). In this review, we provide an overview of postmortem studies analyzing the structural changes of glial cells in these three major psychiatric diseases, including the density, number and size of glial cells, and the expression of related markers. Up to May 1, 2021, 108 articles that met the inclusion criteria were identified by searching PubMed and Web of Science. Although most studies evaluating total glial cells did not show abnormalities in the brains of postmortem patients, astrocytes, microglial cells, and oligodendrocytes seem to have specific patterns of changes in each disease. For example, out of 20 studies that evaluated astrocyte markers in MDD, 11 studies found decreased astrocyte marker expression in MDD patients. Similarly, out of 25 studies evaluating oligodendrocyte markers in SCZ, 15 studies showed decreased expression of oligodendrocyte markers in different brain regions of SCZ patients. In addition, activated microglial cells were observed in patients with SCZ, BD, and MDD, but suicide may be a confounding factor for the observed effects. Although the data from the included studies were heterogeneous and this cannot be fully explained at present, it is likely that there are a variety of contributing factors, including the measured brain regions, methods of measurement, gender, age at time of death, and medications.
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16
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Wortinger LA, Barth C, Nerland S, Jørgensen KN, Shadrin AA, Szabo A, Haukvik UK, Westlye LT, Andreassen OA, Thoresen M, Agartz I. Association of Birth Asphyxia With Regional White Matter Abnormalities Among Patients With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2139759. [PMID: 34928356 PMCID: PMC8689382 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.39759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE White matter (WM) abnormalities are commonly reported in psychiatric disorders. Whether peripartum insufficiencies in brain oxygenation, known as birth asphyxia, are associated with WM of patients with severe mental disorders is unclear. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between birth asphyxia and WM in adult patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders (BDs) compared with healthy adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this case-control study, all individuals participating in the ongoing Thematically Organized Psychosis project were linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN), where a subset of 271 patients (case group) and 529 healthy individuals (control group) had undergone diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Statistical analyses were performed from June 16, 2020, to March 9, 2021. EXPOSURES Birth asphyxia was defined based on measures from standardized reporting at birth in the MBRN. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Associations between birth asphyxia and WM regions of interest diffusion metrics, ie, fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD), were compared between groups using analysis of covariance, adjusted for age, age squared, and sex. RESULTS Of the 850 adults included in the study, 271 were in the case group (140 [52%] female individuals; mean [SD] age, 28.64 [7.43] years) and 579 were in the control group (245 [42%] female individuals; mean [SD] age, 33.54 [8.31] years). Birth asphyxia measures were identified in 15% to 16% of participants, independent of group. The posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) showed a significant diagnostic group × birth asphyxia interaction (F(1, 843) = 11.46; P = .001), reflecting a stronger association between birth asphyxia and FA in the case group than the control group. RD, but not AD, also displayed a significant diagnostic group × birth asphyxia interaction (F(1, 843) = 9.28; P = .002) in the PLIC, with higher values in patients with birth asphyxia and similar effect sizes as observed for FA. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this case-control study, abnormalities in the PLIC of adult patients with birth asphyxia may suggest a greater susceptibility to hypoxia in patients with severe mental illness, which could lead to myelin damage or impeded brain development. Echoing recent early-stage schizophrenia studies, abnormalities of the PLIC are relevant to psychiatric disorders, as the PLIC contains important WM brain pathways associated with language, cognitive function, and sensory function, which are impaired in schizophrenia and BDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Wortinger
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claudia Barth
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stener Nerland
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Nordbø Jørgensen
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey A. Shadrin
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Attila Szabo
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn Kristin Haukvik
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre of Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Thoresen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Neonatal Neuroscience, Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Expression Analysis of Ermin and Listerin E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 1 Genes in the Periphery of Patients with Schizophrenia. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:246-254. [PMID: 34676516 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01928-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a severe mental disorder with an unknown etiology. Recent researches indicate that correct myelination and translational regulation play a role in the pathogeny of SCZ. This study evaluated the expression pattern of Ermin (ERMN) and Listerin E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (LTN1) genes, which play a role in myelination and ribosome quality control, respectively. The expression of the ERMN and LTN1 genes in the peripheral blood (PB) of 50 SCZ patients (male/female: 22/28, age (mean ± standard deviation (SD)): 35.9 ± 5.6) and 50 matched healthy controls (male/female: 23/27, age (mean ± SD): 34.7 ± 5.4) were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, we used a bioinformatics approach based on microarray dataset analysis to examine the expression of these two genes in olfactory epithelium (OE) specimens. The expression of ERMN demonstrated no significant differences in PB samples among SCZ patients and healthy controls (adjusted P-value = 0.101). The expression of LTN1 was significantly higher in PB samples obtained from female patients compared with sex-matched controls (posterior beta = 1.734, adjusted P-value < 0.0001). Significant correlations were found between expression of the mentioned genes in PB samples both among SCZ patients and among healthy controls (r = 0.485, P < 0.001 and r = 0.516, P < 0.001, respectively). According to our in silico findings, the ERMN expression levels in OE samples of SCZ were statistically higher than those in controls (log2FC = 1.93, adj.P.Val = 9.66E-15). On the contrary, LTN1 expression levels in OE samples were statistically lower in SCZ cases versus controls (log2FC = - 0.77, adj.P.Val = 2.14E-06). Besides, a significant correlation was found between the expression of the mentioned genes in OE samples (r = - 0.60, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the present study is the first evidence to highlight the expression of the ERMN and LTN1 genes in the periphery of SCZ patients. Our findings may provide light on the SCZ's pathogeny.
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18
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Uranova NA, Vikhreva OV, Rakhmanova VI. Abnormal microglial reactivity in gray matter of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2021; 63:102752. [PMID: 34274629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Microglial activation has been proposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The present study addressed the questions of whether microglial reactivity is involved in the course of schizophrenia and is associated with aging. Transmission electron microscopy and morphometry were applied to estimate microglial density and ultrastructural parameters in layer 5 of the prefrontal cortex (BA10) in postmortem 21 chronic schizophrenia and 20 healthy control cases. A significant increase in microglial density was found in the schizophrenia group (+20 %), in young group (≤50 y.o.), in shorter duration of disease (≤26 yrs.) group, in early age at onset of disease (≤ 21 y.o.) group as compared to controls (p < 0.05) and in young schizophrenia group as compared to both young and elderly (>50 y.o.) controls (p < 0.05). Volume fraction (Vv) of mitochondria was significantly lower and area of lipofuscin granules was significantly higher in young and elderly schizophrenia groups as compared to young and elderly controls. Vv of lipofuscin granules strongly positively correlated with age and duration of disease in the schizophrenia group. Vv and the number (N) of lipofuscin granules were higher in longer duration (>26 yrs.) group as compared to shorter duration group (p < 0.01). Vv and N of vacuoles were increased in longer duration group as compared to controls (p < 0.01). The study provides evidence for microgliosis associated with age, duration of disease and age at onset of disease, progressive dystrophy and accelerated aging of microglia in gray matter of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Uranova
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology, Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russia.
| | - O V Vikhreva
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology, Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - V I Rakhmanova
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology, Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
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19
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Sui YV, Bertisch H, Lee HH, Storey P, Babb JS, Goff DC, Samsonov A, Lazar M. Quantitative Macromolecular Proton Fraction Mapping Reveals Altered Cortical Myelin Profile in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. Cereb Cortex Commun 2021; 2:tgab015. [PMID: 34296161 PMCID: PMC8271044 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin abnormalities have been reported in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) in white matter. However, in vivo examinations of cortical myeloarchitecture in SSD, especially those using quantitative measures, are limited. Here, we employed macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) obtained from quantitative magnetization transfer imaging to characterize intracortical myelin organization in 30 SSD patients versus 34 healthy control (HC) participants. We constructed cortical myelin profiles by extracting MPF values at various cortical depths and quantified their shape using a nonlinearity index (NLI). To delineate the association of illness duration with myelin changes, SSD patients were further divided into 3 duration groups. Between-group comparisons revealed reduced NLI in the SSD group with the longest illness duration (>5.5 years) compared with HC predominantly in bilateral prefrontal areas. Within the SSD group, cortical NLI decreased with disease duration and was positively associated with a measure of spatial working memory capacity as well as with cortical thickness (CT). Layer-specific analyses suggested that NLI decreases in the long-duration SSD group may arise in part from significantly increased MPF values in the midcortical layers. The current study reveals cortical myelin profile changes in SSD with illness progression, which may reflect an abnormal compensatory mechanism of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Veronica Sui
- Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hilary Bertisch
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Hong-Hsi Lee
- Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Pippa Storey
- Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - James S Babb
- Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Donald C Goff
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alexey Samsonov
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Mariana Lazar
- Department of Radiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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20
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Martins-de-Souza D, Guest PC, Reis-de-Oliveira G, Schmitt A, Falkai P, Turck CW. An overview of the human brain myelin proteome and differences associated with schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:271-287. [PMID: 32602824 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1789217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Disturbances in the myelin sheath drive disruptions in neural transmission and brain connectivity as seen in schizophrenia. Here, the myelin proteome was characterised in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls to visualise differences in proteomic profiles. METHODS A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomic analysis was performed of a myelin-enriched fraction of postmortem brain samples from schizophrenia patients (n = 12) and mentally healthy controls (n = 8). In silico pathway analyses were performed on the resulting data. RESULTS The present characterisation of the human myelinome led to the identification of 480 non-redundant proteins, of which 102 proteins are newly annotated to be associated with the myelinome. Levels of 172 of these proteins were altered between schizophrenia patients and controls. These proteins were mainly associated with glial cell differentiation, metabolism/energy, synaptic vesicle function and neurodegeneration. The hub proteins with the highest degree of connectivity in the network included multiple kinases and synaptic vesicle transport proteins. CONCLUSIONS Together these findings suggest disruptive effects on synaptic activity and therefore neural transmission and connectivity, consistent with the dysconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia. Further studies on these proteins may lead to the identification of potential drug targets related to the synaptic dysconnectivity in schizophrenia and other psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo, Brazil.,Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul C Guest
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Reis-de-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph W Turck
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Vikhreva O, Uranova N. Microglial reactivity in the prefrontal cortex in different types of schizophrenia. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:77-83. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202112112177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Numerical density of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters in the anterior putamen in major psychiatric disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:841-850. [PMID: 32060609 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence to support the notion that oligodendrocyte and myelin abnormalities may contribute to the functional dysconnectivity found in the major psychiatric disorders. The putamen, which is an important hub in the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical loop, has been implicated in a broad spectrum of psychiatric illnesses and is a central target of their treatments. Previously we reported a reduction in the numerical density of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters in the prefrontal and parietal cortex in schizophrenia. Oligodendrocyte clusters contain oligodendrocyte progenitors and are involved in functionally dependent myelination. We measured the numerical density (Nv) of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters in the putamen in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) as compared to healthy controls (15 cases per group). Optical disector was used to estimate the Nv of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters. A significant reduction in both the Nv of oligodendrocytes (- 34%; p < 0.01) and the Nv of oligodendrocyte clusters (- 41%; p < 0.05) was found in the schizophrenia group as compared to the control group. Sexual dimorphism for both measurements was found only within the control group. The Nv of oligodendrocytes was significantly lower in male schizophrenia cases as compared to the male control cases. However, the Nv of oligodendrocyte clusters was significantly lower in all male clinical cases as compared to the male control group. The data suggest that lowered density of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters may contribute to the altered functional connectivity in the putamen in subjects with schizophrenia.
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Association between altered hippocampal oligodendrocyte number and neuronal circuit structures in schizophrenia: a postmortem analysis. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 270:413-424. [PMID: 31552495 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01067-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In schizophrenia, decreased hippocampal volume, reduced oligodendrocyte numbers in hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA) subregions and reduced neuron number in the dentate gyrus have been reported; reduced oligodendrocyte numbers were significantly related to cognitive deficits. The hippocampus is involved in cognitive functions and connected to the hypothalamus, anterior thalamus, and cingulate cortex, forming the Papez circuit, and to the mediodorsal thalamus. The relationship between the volume of these interconnected regions and oligodendrocyte and neuron numbers in schizophrenia is unknown. Therefore, we used stepwise logistic regression with subsequent multivariate stepwise linear regression and bivariate correlation to analyze oligodendrocyte and neuron numbers in the posterior hippocampal subregions CA1, CA2/3, CA4, dentate gyrus, and subiculum and volumes of the hippocampal CA region, cingulum, anterior and mediodorsal thalamus and hypothalamus in postmortem brains of 10 schizophrenia patients and 11 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Stepwise logistic regression identified the following predictors for diagnosis, in order of inclusion: (1) oligodendrocyte number in CA4, (2) hypothalamus volume, (3) oligodendrocyte number in CA2/3, and (4) mediodorsal thalamus volume. Subsequent stepwise linear regression analyses identified the following predictors: (1) for oligodendrocyte number in CA4: (a) oligodendrocyte number in CA2/3, (b) diagnostic group, (c) hypothalamus volume, and (d) neurons in posterior subiculum; (2) for hypothalamus volume: (a) mediodorsal thalamus volume; (3) for oligodendrocyte number in CA2/3: oligodendrocyte number (a) in posterior CA4 and (b) in posterior subiculum; (4) for mediodorsal thalamus volume: volumes of (a) anterior thalamus and (b) hippocampal CA. In conclusion, we found a positive relationship between hippocampal oligodendrocyte number and the volume of the hypothalamus, a brain region connected to the hippocampus, which is important for cognition.
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Development of type I/II oligodendrocytes regulated by teneurin-4 in the murine spinal cord. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8611. [PMID: 32451386 PMCID: PMC7248063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the spinal cord, the axonal tracts with various caliber sizes are myelinated by oligodendrocytes and function as high-velocity ways for motor and sensory nerve signals. In some neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, demyelination of small caliber axons is observed in the spinal cord. While type I/II oligodendrocytes among the four types are known to myelinate small diameter axons, their characteristics including identification of regulating molecules have not been understood yet. Here, we first found that in the wild-type mouse spinal cord, type I/II oligodendrocytes, positive for carbonic anhydrase II (CAII), were located in the corticospinal tract, fasciculus gracilis, and the inside part of ventral funiculus, in which small diameter axons existed. The type I/II oligodendrocytes started to appear between postnatal day (P) 7 and 11. We further analyzed the type I/II oligodendrocytes in the mutant mice, whose small diameter axons were hypomyelinated due to the deficiency of teneurin-4. In the teneurin-4 deficient mice, type I/II oligodendrocytes were significantly reduced, and the onset of the defect was at P11. Our results suggest that CAII-positive type I/II oligodendrocytes myelinate small caliber axons in the spinal cord and teneurin-4 is the responsible molecule for the generation of type I/II oligodendrocytes.
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Nazeri A, Schifani C, Anderson JAE, Ameis SH, Voineskos AN. In Vivo Imaging of Gray Matter Microstructure in Major Psychiatric Disorders: Opportunities for Clinical Translation. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:855-864. [PMID: 32381477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Postmortem studies reveal that individuals with major neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder have gray matter microstructural abnormalities. These include abnormalities in neuropil organization, expression of proteins supporting neuritic and synaptic integrity, and myelination. Genetic and postmortem studies suggest that these changes may be causally linked to the pathogenesis of these disorders. Advances in diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance image (dMRI) acquisition techniques and biophysical modeling allow for the quantification of gray matter microstructure in vivo. While several biophysical models for imaging microstructural properties are available, one in particular, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), holds great promise for clinical applications. NODDI can be applied to both gray and white matter and requires only a single extra shell beyond a standard dMRI acquisition. Since its development only a few years ago, the NODDI algorithm has been used to characterize gray matter microstructure in schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, healthy aging, and development. These investigations have shown that microstructural findings in vivo, using NODDI, align with postmortem findings. Not only do NODDI and other advanced dMRI-based modeling methods provide a window into the brain previously only available postmortem, but they may be more sensitive to certain brain changes than conventional magnetic resonance imaging approaches. This opens up exciting new possibilities for clinicians to more rapidly detect disease signatures and allows earlier intervention in the course of the disease. Given that neurites and gray matter microstructure have the capacity to rapidly remodel, these novel dMRI-based methods represent an opportunity to noninvasively monitor neuroplastic changes posttherapy within much shorter time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Nazeri
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Christin Schifani
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John A E Anderson
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie H Ameis
- Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child, Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Brain and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Kimel Family Translational Imaging Genetics Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Suárez-Pozos E, Thomason EJ, Fuss B. Glutamate Transporters: Expression and Function in Oligodendrocytes. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:551-560. [PMID: 30628017 PMCID: PMC6616022 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-02708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS), is well known as a regulator of neuronal plasticity and neurodevelopment. Such glutamate function is thought to be mediated primarily by signaling through glutamate receptors. Thus, it requires a tight regulation of extracellular glutamate levels and a fine-tuned homeostasis that, when dysregulated, has been associated with a wide range of central pathologies including neuropsychiatric, neurodevelopmental, and neurodegenerative disorders. In the mammalian CNS, extracellular glutamate levels are controlled by a family of sodium-dependent glutamate transporters belonging to the solute carrier family 1 (SLC1) that are also referred to as excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs). The presumed main function of EAATs has been best described in the context of synaptic transmission where EAATs expressed by astrocytes and neurons effectively regulate extracellular glutamate levels so that synapses can function independently. There is, however, increasing evidence that EAATs are expressed by cells other than astrocytes and neurons, and that they exhibit functions beyond glutamate clearance. In this review, we will focus on the expression and functions of EAATs in the myelinating cells of the CNS, oligodendrocytes. More specifically, we will discuss potential roles of oligodendrocyte-expressed EAATs in contributing to extracellular glutamate homeostasis, and in regulating oligodendrocyte maturation and CNS myelination by exerting signaling functions that have traditionally been associated with glutamate receptors. In addition, we will provide some examples for how dysregulation of oligodendrocyte-expressed EAATs may be involved in the pathophysiology of neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Suárez-Pozos
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Thomason
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Babette Fuss
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Box 980709, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
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Uranova NA, Vikhreva OV, Rakhmanova VI, Orlovskaya DD. Dystrophy of Oligodendrocytes and Adjacent Microglia in Prefrontal Gray Matter in Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:204. [PMID: 32292358 PMCID: PMC7135882 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some evidence support the notion that microglia activation in acute state of schizophrenia might contribute to damage of oligodendrocytes and myelinated fibers. Previously we found dystrophic changes of oligodendrocytes in prefrontal white matter in schizophrenia subjects displaying predominantly positive symptoms as compared to controls. The aim of the study was to verify whether microglial activation might contribute to dystrophic changes of oligodendrocytes in prefrontal gray matter in this clinical subgroup. METHODS Transmission electron microscopy and morphometry of microglia and adjacent oligodendrocytes were performed in layer 5 of the prefrontal cortex (BA10) in the schizophrenia subjects displaying predominantly positive symptoms (SPPS, n = 12), predominantly negative symptoms (SPNS, n = 9) and healthy controls (n = 20). RESULTS Qualitative study showed microglial activation and dystrophic alterations of microglia and oligodendrocytes adjacent to each other in both subgroups as compared to controls. A significant reduction in volume density (Vv) and the number (N) of mitochondria and an increase in N of lipofuscin granules were found in oligodendrocytes and adjacent microglia in both subgroups. Vv of lipofuscin granules, Vv and N of vacuoles of endoplasmic reticulum in microglia were increased significantly in the SPPS subgroup as compared to controls. In the SPPS subgroup Vv and N of mitochondria in microglia were correlated with N of vacuoles in microglia (r = -0.61, p < 0.05) and with Vv (r = 0.79, p < 0.01) and N (r = 0.59, p < 0.05) of mitochondria in oligodendrocytes. Vv of mitochondria in microglia was also correlated with Vv and N of vacuoles in oligodendrocytes in the SPPS subgroup (r = 0.76, p < 0.01). Area of nucleus of microglial cells was correlated negatively with age (r = -0.76, p < 0.01) and age at illness onset (r = -0.65, p < 0.05) in the SPPS subgroup. In the SPNS subgroup N of mitochondria in microglia was correlated with Vv of lipofuscin granules in oligodendrocytes (r = -0.9, p < 0.01). There were no significant correlations between these parameters in the control group. DISCUSSION Microglial dystrophy might contribute to oligodendrocyte dystrophy in the schizophrenia subjects with predominantly positive symptoms during relapse. Mitochondria in microglia and oligodendrocytes may be a target for treatment strategy of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya A Uranova
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V Vikhreva
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Diana D Orlovskaya
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology, Mental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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Vostrikov VM, Uranova NA. Reduced density of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters in the caudate nucleus in major psychiatric illnesses. Schizophr Res 2020; 215:211-216. [PMID: 31653579 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Functional dysconnectivity in schizophrenia and affective disorders may be associated with myelin and oligodendrocyte abnormalities. Altered network integration involving the caudate nucleus (CN) and metabolic abnormalities in fronto-striatal-thalamic white matter tracts have been reported in schizophrenia and impaired patterns of cortico-caudate functional connectivity have been found in both bipolar disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. Postmortem studies have found ultrastructural dystrophy and degeneration of oligodendrocytes and dysmyelination in the CN in schizophrenia and BPD. We aimed to test the hypothesis that oligodendrocyte density may be reduced in the CN in major psychiatric disorders and may thereby form the cellular basis for the functional dysconnectivity observed in these disorders. Optical disector was used to estimate the numerical density (Nv) of oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte clusters (OLC) in the CN of cases with schizophrenia, BPD and major depressive disorder (MDD) and in normal controls (15 cases per group). A significant reduction in the Nv of oligodendrocytes was found in schizophrenia and BPD as compared to the control group (p < 0.05), and the Nv of OLC was significantly lowered in schizophrenia and BPD compared to controls (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between MDD and control groups. The Nv of OLC was significantly decreased in the left hemisphere in schizophrenia as compared to the left hemisphere of the control group (-52%, p < 0.01). The data indicates that a decreased density of oligodendrocytes and OLC could contribute to the altered functional connectivity of the CN in subjects with severe mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Vostrikov
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology, Mental Health Research Centre, Zagorodnoe shosse 2, Moscow, Russia
| | - N A Uranova
- Laboratory of Clinical Neuropathology, Mental Health Research Centre, Zagorodnoe shosse 2, Moscow, Russia.
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29
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Perineuronal oligodendrocytes in health and disease: the journey so far. Rev Neurosci 2019; 31:89-99. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Perineuronal oligodendrocytes (pn-Ols) are located in the cerebral gray matter in close proximity to neuronal perikarya and less frequently near dendrites and neurites. Although their morphology is indistinguishable from that of other oligodendrocytes, it is not known if pn-Ols have a similar or different cell signature from that of typical myelinating oligodendroglial cells. In this review, we discussed the potential roles of these cells in myelination under normal and pathophysiologic conditions as functional and nutritional supporters of neurons, as restrainers of neuronal firing, and as possible players in glutamate-glutamine homeostasis. We also highlighted the occurrences in which perineuronal oligodendroglia are altered, such as in experimental demyelination, multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, major depression, and bipolar disorder.
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Schmitt A, Simons M, Cantuti-Castelvetri L, Falkai P. A new role for oligodendrocytes and myelination in schizophrenia and affective disorders? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:371-372. [PMID: 31076838 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Mikael Simons
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, 80805, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
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31
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Kolomeets NS, Vostrikov VM, Uranova NA. Abnormalities of oligodendrocyte clusters in supra- and infragranular layers of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:62-68. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911912162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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McPhie DL, Nehme R, Ravichandran C, Babb SM, Ghosh SD, Staskus A, Kalinowski A, Kaur R, Douvaras P, Du F, Ongur D, Fossati V, Eggan K, Cohen BM. Oligodendrocyte differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from subjects with schizophrenias implicate abnormalities in development. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:230. [PMID: 30352993 PMCID: PMC6199264 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of brain connectivity and signal transduction are consistently observed in individuals with schizophrenias (SZ). Underlying these anomalies, convergent in vivo, post mortem, and genomic evidence suggest abnormal oligodendrocyte (OL) development and function and lower myelination in SZ. Our primary hypothesis was that there would be abnormalities in the number of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived OLs from subjects with SZ. Our secondary hypothesis was that these in vitro abnormalities would correlate with measures of white matter (WM) integrity and myelination in the same subjects in vivo, estimated from magnetic resonance imaging. Six healthy control (HC) and six SZ iPS cell lines, derived from skin fibroblasts from well-characterized subjects, were differentiated into OLs. FACS analysis of the oligodendrocyte-specific surface, glycoprotein O4, was performed at three time points of development (days 65, 75, and 85) to quantify the number of late oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and OLs in each line. Significantly fewer O4-positive cells developed from SZ versus HC lines (95% CI 1.0: 8.6, F1,10 = 8.06, p = 0.02). The difference was greater when corrected for age (95% CI 5.4:10.4, F1,8 = 53.6, p < 0.001). A correlation between myelin content in WM in vivo, estimated by magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and number of O4-positive cells in vitro was also observed across all time points (F1,9 = 4.3, p = 0.07), reaching significance for mature OLs at day 85 in culture (r = 0.70, p < 0.02). Low production of OPCs may be a contributing mechanism underlying WM reduction in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna L. McPhie
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Ralda Nehme
- grid.66859.34Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Caitlin Ravichandran
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Suzann M. Babb
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Sulagna Dia Ghosh
- grid.66859.34Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
| | - Alexandra Staskus
- 0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Amy Kalinowski
- 0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Rupinderjit Kaur
- 0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Panagiotis Douvaras
- Blue Rock Therapeutics, Alexandria Center for Life Science, 450 E 29th Street, Suite 504, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Fei Du
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Dost Ongur
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478 USA
| | - Valentina Fossati
- 0000 0004 5906 3313grid.430819.7The New York Stem Cell Foundation Research Institute, 619 West 54th Street, 3rd Floor, New York, NY 10019 USA
| | - Kevin Eggan
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA ,grid.66859.34Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA
| | - Bruce M. Cohen
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cHarvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478 USA
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Jeffries CD, Perkins DO, Fournier M, Do KQ, Cuenod M, Khadimallah I, Domenici E, Addington J, Bearden CE, Cadenhead KS, Cannon TD, Cornblatt BA, Mathalon DH, McGlashan TH, Seidman LJ, Tsuang M, Walker EF, Woods SW. Networks of blood proteins in the neuroimmunology of schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:112. [PMID: 29875399 PMCID: PMC5990539 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Levels of certain circulating cytokines and related immune system molecules are consistently altered in schizophrenia and related disorders. In addition to absolute analyte levels, we sought analytes in correlation networks that could be prognostic. We analyzed baseline blood plasma samples with a Luminex platform from 72 subjects meeting criteria for a psychosis clinical high-risk syndrome; 32 subjects converted to a diagnosis of psychotic disorder within two years while 40 other subjects did not. Another comparison group included 35 unaffected subjects. Assays of 141 analytes passed early quality control. We then used an unweighted co-expression network analysis to identify highly correlated modules in each group. Overall, there was a striking loss of network complexity going from unaffected subjects to nonconverters and thence to converters (applying standard, graph-theoretic metrics). Graph differences were largely driven by proteins regulating tissue remodeling (e.g. blood-brain barrier). In more detail, certain sets of antithetical proteins were highly correlated in unaffected subjects (e.g. SERPINE1 vs MMP9), as expected in homeostasis. However, for particular protein pairs this trend was reversed in converters (e.g. SERPINE1 vs TIMP1, being synthetical inhibitors of remodeling of extracellular matrix and vasculature). Thus, some correlation signals strongly predict impending conversion to a psychotic disorder and directly suggest pharmaceutical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark D Jeffries
- Renaissance Computing Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Diana O Perkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Margot Fournier
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q Do
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel Cuenod
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ines Khadimallah
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Domenici
- Laboratory of Neurogenomic Biomarkers, Centre for Integrative Biology, and Microsoft Research, Centre for Computational Systems Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Jean Addington
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Daniel H Mathalon
- Department of Psychiatry, UCSF and San Francisco VA Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Larry J Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ming Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Behavioral Genomics UCSD, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elaine F Walker
- Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Scott W Woods
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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