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Steinhardt M, Marka AW, Ziegelmayer S, Makowski M, Braren R, Graf M, Gawlitza J. Comparison of Virtual Non-Contrast and True Non-Contrast CT Images Obtained by Dual-Layer Spectral CT in COPD Patients. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:301. [PMID: 38671723 PMCID: PMC11047621 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death. Recent studies have underlined the importance of non-contrast-enhanced chest CT scans not only for emphysema progression quantification, but for correlation with clinical outcomes as well. As about 40 percent of the 300 million CT scans per year are contrast-enhanced, no proper emphysema quantification is available in a one-stop-shop approach for patients with known or newly diagnosed COPD. Since the introduction of spectral imaging (e.g., dual-energy CT scanners), it has been possible to create virtual non-contrast-enhanced images (VNC) from contrast-enhanced images, making it theoretically possible to offer proper COPD imaging despite contrast enhancing. This study is aimed towards investigating whether these VNC images are comparable to true non-contrast-enhanced images (TNC), thereby reducing the radiation exposure of patients and usage of resources in hospitals. In total, 100 COPD patients with two scans, one with (VNC) and one without contrast media (TNC), within 8 weeks or less obtained by a spectral CT using dual-layer technology, were included in this retrospective study. TNC and VNC were compared according to their voxel-density histograms. While the comparison showed significant differences in the low attenuated volumes (LAVs) of TNC and VNC regarding the emphysema threshold of -950 Houndsfield Units (HU), the 15th and 10th percentiles of the LAVs used as a proxy for pre-emphysema were comparable. Upon further investigation, the threshold-based LAVs (-950 HU) of TNC and VNC were comparable in patients with a water equivalent diameter (DW) below 270 mm. The study concludes that VNC imaging may be a viable option for assessing emphysema progression in COPD patients, particularly those with a normal body mass index (BMI). Further, pre-emphysema was generally comparable between TNC and VNC. This approach could potentially reduce radiation exposure and hospital resources by making additional TNC scans obsolete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Steinhardt
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine & Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (A.W.M.); (S.Z.); (M.M.); (R.B.); (M.G.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joshua Gawlitza
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (J.G.); Tel.: +49-176-24498226 (M.S.); +49-89-4140-8834 (J.G.)
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Konietzke P, Brunner C, Konietzke M, Wagner WL, Weinheimer O, Heußel CP, Herth FJF, Trudzinski F, Kauczor HU, Wielpütz MO. GOLD stage-specific phenotyping of emphysema and airway disease using quantitative computed tomography. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1184784. [PMID: 37534319 PMCID: PMC10393128 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1184784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) abnormal lung function is related to emphysema and airway obstruction, but their relative contribution in each GOLD-stage is not fully understood. In this study, we used quantitative computed tomography (QCT) parameters for phenotyping of emphysema and airway abnormalities, and to investigate the relative contribution of QCT emphysema and airway parameters to airflow limitation specifically in each GOLD stage. Methods Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) of 492 patients with COPD former GOLD 0 COPD and COPD stages GOLD 1-4 were evaluated using fully automated software for quantitative CT. Total lung volume (TLV), emphysema index (EI), mean lung density (MLD), and airway wall thickness (WT), total diameter (TD), lumen area (LA), and wall percentage (WP) were calculated for the entire lung, as well as for all lung lobes separately. Results from the 3rd-8th airway generation were aggregated (WT3-8, TD3-8, LA3-8, WP3-8). All subjects underwent whole-body plethysmography (FEV1%pred, VC, RV, TLC). Results EI was higher with increasing GOLD stages with 1.0 ± 1.8% in GOLD 0, 4.5 ± 9.9% in GOLD 1, 19.4 ± 15.8% in GOLD 2, 32.7 ± 13.4% in GOLD 3 and 41.4 ± 10.0% in GOLD 4 subjects (p < 0.001). WP3-8 showed no essential differences between GOLD 0 and GOLD 1, tended to be higher in GOLD 2 with 52.4 ± 7.2%, and was lower in GOLD 4 with 50.6 ± 5.9% (p = 0.010 - p = 0.960). In the upper lobes WP3-8 showed no significant differences between the GOLD stages (p = 0.824), while in the lower lobes the lowest WP3-8 was found in GOLD 0/1 with 49.9 ± 6.5%, while higher values were detected in GOLD 2 with 51.9 ± 6.4% and in GOLD 3/4 with 51.0 ± 6.0% (p < 0.05). In a multilinear regression analysis, the dependent variable FEV1%pred can be predicted by a combination of both the independent variables EI (p < 0.001) and WP3-8 (p < 0.001). Conclusion QCT parameters showed a significant increase of emphysema from GOLD 0-4 COPD. Airway changes showed a different spatial pattern with higher values of relative wall thickness in the lower lobes until GOLD 2 and subsequent lower values in GOLD3/4, whereas there were no significant differences in the upper lobes. Both, EI and WP5-8 are independently correlated with lung function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Konietzke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Brunner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marilisa Konietzke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Willi Linus Wagner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Weinheimer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Heußel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix J. F. Herth
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pulmonology, Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franziska Trudzinski
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pulmonology, Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark Oliver Wielpütz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik at University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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McCague C, Ramlee S, Reinius M, Selby I, Hulse D, Piyatissa P, Bura V, Crispin-Ortuzar M, Sala E, Woitek R. Introduction to radiomics for a clinical audience. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:83-98. [PMID: 36639175 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.08.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Radiomics is a rapidly developing field of research focused on the extraction of quantitative features from medical images, thus converting these digital images into minable, high-dimensional data, which offer unique biological information that can enhance our understanding of disease processes and provide clinical decision support. To date, most radiomics research has been focused on oncological applications; however, it is increasingly being used in a raft of other diseases. This review gives an overview of radiomics for a clinical audience, including the radiomics pipeline and the common pitfalls associated with each stage. Key studies in oncology are presented with a focus on both those that use radiomics analysis alone and those that integrate its use with other multimodal data streams. Importantly, clinical applications outside oncology are also presented. Finally, we conclude by offering a vision for radiomics research in the future, including how it might impact our practice as radiologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McCague
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
| | - S Ramlee
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Reinius
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - I Selby
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Hulse
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - P Piyatissa
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - V Bura
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - M Crispin-Ortuzar
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Sala
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - R Woitek
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; Research Centre for Medical Image Analysis and Artificial Intelligence (MIAAI), Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
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Do AR, Ko DY, Kim J, Bak SH, Lee KY, Yoon D, Shin C, Kim S, Kim WJ, Won S. Genome-Wide Association Study of Airway Wall Thickening in a Korean Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Cohort. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13071258. [PMID: 35886039 PMCID: PMC9318537 DOI: 10.3390/genes13071258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway wall thickening (AWT) plays an important pathophysiological role in airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There are only a few studies on the genetic components contributing to AWT in the Korean population. This study aimed to identify AWT-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). We performed GWAS for AWT using the CODA and KUCOPD cohorts. Thereafter, a meta-analysis was performed. Airway wall thickness was measured using automatic segmentation software. The AWT at an internal perimeter of 10 mm (AWT-Pi10) was calculated by the square root of the theoretical airway wall area using the full-width-half-maximum method. We identified a significant SNP (rs11648772, p = 1.41 × 10-8) located in LINC02127, near SALL1. This gene is involved in the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in glial cells, and it affects bronchial wall depression in COPD patients. Additionally, we identified other SNPs (rs11970854, p = 1.92 × 10-6; rs16920168, p = 5.29 × 10-6) involved in airway inflammation and proliferation and found that AWT is influenced by these genetic variants. Our study helps identify the genetic cause of COPD in an Asian population and provides a potential basis for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Ra Do
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Do Yeon Ko
- Environmental Health Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 25948, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jeeyoung Kim
- Environmental Health Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 25948, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (J.K.)
| | - So Hyeon Bak
- Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Ki Yeol Lee
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea;
| | - Dankyu Yoon
- Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea;
| | - Chol Shin
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea
| | - Soriul Kim
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (W.J.K.); (S.W.); Tel.: +82-31-412-5603 (S.K.); +82-33-258-9303 (W.J.K.), +82-2-880-2714 (S.W.)
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Environmental Health Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 25948, Korea; (D.Y.K.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (W.J.K.); (S.W.); Tel.: +82-31-412-5603 (S.K.); +82-33-258-9303 (W.J.K.), +82-2-880-2714 (S.W.)
| | - Sungho Won
- Interdisciplinary Program of Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- RexSoft Inc., Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (W.J.K.); (S.W.); Tel.: +82-31-412-5603 (S.K.); +82-33-258-9303 (W.J.K.), +82-2-880-2714 (S.W.)
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Haase V, Hahn K, Schöndube H, Stierstorfer K, Maier A, Noo F. Single material beam hardening correction via an analytical energy response model for diagnostic CT. Med Phys 2022; 49:5014-5037. [PMID: 35651302 PMCID: PMC9388575 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various clinical studies show the potential for a wider quantitative role of diagnostic X-ray computed tomography (CT) beyond size measurements. Currently, the clinical use of attenuation values is however limited due to their lack of robustness. This issue can be observed even on the same scanner across patient size and positioning. There are different causes for the lack of robustness in the attenuation values; one possible source of error is beam hardening of the X-ray source spectrum. The conventional and well-established approach to address this issue is a calibration-based single material beam hardening correction (BHC) using a water cylinder. PURPOSE We investigate an alternative approach for single material BHC with the aim of producing a more robust result for the attenuation values. The underlying hypothesis of this investigation is that calibration based BHC automatically corrects for scattered radiation in a manner that is sub-optimal in terms of bias as soon as the scanned object strongly deviates from the water cylinder used for calibration. METHODS The approach we propose performs BHC via an analytical energy response model that is embedded into a correction pipeline that efficiently estimates and subtracts scattered radiation in a patient-specific manner prior to BHC. The estimation of scattered radiation is based on minimizing, in average, the squared difference between our corrected data and the vendor-calibrated data. The used energy response model is considering the spectral effects of the detector response and of the pre-filtration of the source spectrum including a beam-shaping bowtie filter. The performance of the correction pipeline is first characterized with computer simulated data. Afterwards, it is tested using real 3-D CT data sets of two different phantoms, with various kV settings and phantom positions, assuming a circular data acquisition. The results are compared in the image domain to those from the scanner. RESULTS For experiments with a water cylinder, the proposed correction pipeline leads to similar results as the vendor. For reconstructions of a QRM liver phantom with extension ring, the proposed correction pipeline achieved a more uniform and stable outcome in the attenuation values of homogeneous materials within the phantom. For example, the root mean squared deviation between centered and off-centered phantom positioning was reduced from 6.6 HU to 1.8 HU in one profile. CONCLUSIONS We have introduced a patient-specific approach for single material BHC in diagnostic CT via the use of an analytical energy response model. This approach shows promising improvements in terms of robustness of attenuation values for large patient sizes. Our results contribute towards improving CT images so as to make CT attenuation values more reliable for use in clinical practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Haase
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Siemensstr. 3, Forchheim, 91301, Germany.,Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Katharina Hahn
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Siemensstr. 3, Forchheim, 91301, Germany
| | - Harald Schöndube
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Siemensstr. 3, Forchheim, 91301, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Maier
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstr. 3, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Frédéric Noo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, 729 Arapeen Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108, USA
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Sotoudeh-Paima S, Segars WP, Samei E, Abadi E. Photon-counting CT versus conventional CT for COPD quantifications: intra-scanner optimization and inter-scanner assessments using virtual imaging trials. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 12031:120312I. [PMID: 35574205 PMCID: PMC9097858 DOI: 10.1117/12.2613003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease and a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Quantitative CT is a powerful tool to better understand the heterogeneity and severity of this disease. Quantitative CT is being increasingly used in COPD research, and the recent advancements in CT technology have made it even more encouraging. One recent advancement has been the development of photon-counting detectors, offering higher spatial resolution, higher image contrast, and lower noise levels in the images. However, the quantification performance of this new technology compared to conventional scanners remains unknown. Additionally, different protocol settings (e.g., different dose levels, slice thicknesses, reconstruction kernels and algorithms) affect quantifications in an unsimilar fashion. This study investigates the potential advantages of photon-counting CT (PCCT) against conventional energy-integrating detector (EID) CT and explores the effects of protocol settings on lung density quantifications in COPD patients. This study was made possible using a virtual imaging platform, taking advantage of anthropomorphic phantoms with COPD (COPD-XCAT) and a scanner-specific CT simulator (DukeSim). Having the physical and geometrical properties of three Siemens commercial scanners (Flash, Force for EID and NAEOTOM Alpha for PCCT) modeled, we simulated CT images of ten COPD-XCAT phantoms at 0.63 and 3.17 mGy dose levels and reconstructed at three levels of kernel sharpness. The simulated CT images were quantified in terms of "Lung mean absolute error (MAE)," "LAA -950," "Perc 15," "Lung mass" imaging biomarkers and compared against the ground truth values of the phantoms. The intra-scanner assessment demonstrated the superior qualitative and quantitative performance of the PCCT scanner over the conventional scanners (21.01% and 22.74% mean lung MAE improvement, and 53.97% and 68.13% mean LAA -950 error improvement compared to Flash and Force). The results also showed that higher mAs, thinner slices, smoother kernels, and iterative reconstruction could lead to more accurate and precise quantification scores. This study underscored the qualitative and quantitative benefits of PCCT against conventional EID scanners as well as the importance of optimal protocol choice within scanners for more accurate quantifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Sotoudeh-Paima
- Center for Virtual Imaging Trials, Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Duke University
| | - W Paul Segars
- Center for Virtual Imaging Trials, Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Duke University
| | - Ehsan Samei
- Center for Virtual Imaging Trials, Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Duke University
| | - Ehsan Abadi
- Center for Virtual Imaging Trials, Carl E. Ravin Advanced Imaging Laboratories, Department of Radiology, Duke University
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Muramatsu S, Sato K, Yamashiro T, Doi K. Quantitative measurements of emphysema in ultra-high resolution computed tomography using model-based iterative reconstruction in comparison to that using hybrid iterative reconstruction. Phys Eng Sci Med 2022; 45:115-124. [PMID: 35023075 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-021-01091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The percentage of low attenuation volume ratio (LAVR), which is measured using computed tomography (CT), is an index of the severity of emphysema. For LAVR evaluation, ultra-high-resolution (U-HR) CT images are useful. To improve the image quality of U-HRCT, iterative reconstruction is used. There are two types of iterative reconstruction: hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) and model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR). In this study, we physically and clinically evaluated U-HR images reconstructed with HIR and MBIR, and demonstrated the usefulness of U-HR images with MBIR for quantitative measurements of emphysema. Both images were reconstructed with a slice thickness of 0.25 mm and an image matrix size of 1024 × 1024 pixels. For physical evaluation, the modulation transfer function (MTF) and noise power spectrum (NPS) of HIR and MBIR were compared. For clinical evaluation, LAVR calculated from HIR and MBIR were compared using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. In addition, the correlation between LAVR and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%) was evaluated using the Spearman rank correlation test. The MTFs of HIR and MBIR were comparable. The NPS of MBIR was lower than that of HIR. The mean LAVR values calculated from HIR and MBIR were 19.5 ± 12.6% and 20.4 ± 11.7%, respectively (p = 0.84). The correlation coefficients between LAVR and FEV1% that were taken from HIR and MBIR were 0.64 and 0.74, respectively (p < 0.01). MBIR is more useful than HIR for the quantitative measurements of emphysema with U-HR images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Muramatsu
- Department of Radiology, Ohara General Hospital, 6-1 Ue-machi, Fukushima-shi, Fukushima, 960-8611, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Sato
- Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Yamashiro
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kunio Doi
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, 5841 Maryland Av, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences, 323-1, Kamioki-machi, Maebashi-shi, Gunma-ken, 371-0052, Japan
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Yang J, Angelini ED, Balte PP, Hoffman EA, Austin JHM, Smith BM, Barr RG, Laine AF. Novel Subtypes of Pulmonary Emphysema Based on Spatially-Informed Lung Texture Learning: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) COPD Study. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2021; 40:3652-3662. [PMID: 34224349 PMCID: PMC8715521 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2021.3094660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema overlaps considerably with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and is traditionally subcategorized into three subtypes previously identified on autopsy. Unsupervised learning of emphysema subtypes on computed tomography (CT) opens the way to new definitions of emphysema subtypes and eliminates the need of thorough manual labeling. However, CT-based emphysema subtypes have been limited to texture-based patterns without considering spatial location. In this work, we introduce a standardized spatial mapping of the lung for quantitative study of lung texture location and propose a novel framework for combining spatial and texture information to discover spatially-informed lung texture patterns (sLTPs) that represent novel emphysema subtype candidates. Exploiting two cohorts of full-lung CT scans from the MESA COPD (n = 317) and EMCAP (n = 22) studies, we first show that our spatial mapping enables population-wide study of emphysema spatial location. We then evaluate the characteristics of the sLTPs discovered on MESA COPD, and show that they are reproducible, able to encode standard emphysema subtypes, and associated with physiological symptoms.
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Similarities in Quantitative Computed Tomography Imaging of the Lung in Severe Asthma with Persistent Airflow Limitation and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215058. [PMID: 34768576 PMCID: PMC8584690 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe asthma with persistent airflow limitation (SA-PAL) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterised by irreversible airflow limitation and the remodelling of the airways. The phenotypes of the diseases overlap and may cause diagnostic and therapeutic concerns. Methods: There were 10 patients with SA-PAL, 11 patients with COPD, and 10 healthy volunteers (HV) enrolled in this study. The patients were examined with a 128-multislice scanner at full inspiration. Measurements were taken from the third to ninth bronchial generations. Results: The thickness of the bronchial wall was greater in the SA-PAL than in the COPD group for most bronchial generations (p < 0.05). The mean lung density was the lowest in the SA-PAL group (−846 HU), followed by the COPD group (−836 HU), with no statistical difference between these two groups. The low-attenuation volume percentage (LAV% < −950 HU) was significantly higher in the SA-PAL group (15.8%) and COPD group (10.4%) compared with the HV group (7%) (p = 0.03). Conclusion: Severe asthma with persistent airflow limitation and COPD become similar with time within the functional and morphological dimensions. Emphysema qualities are present in COPD and in SA-PAL patients.
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Yang Y, Li Q, Guo Y, Liu Y, Li X, Guo J, Li W, Cheng L, Chen H, Kang Y. Lung parenchyma parameters measure of rats from pulmonary window computed tomography images based on ResU-Net model for medical respiratory researches. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:4193-4211. [PMID: 34198432 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Our paper proposes a method to measure lung parenchyma parameters from pulmonary window computed tomography images based on ResU-Net model including the CT value, the density, the lung volume, and the surface area of the lungs of healthy rats, to help promote the quantitative analysis of lung parenchyma parameters of rats in medical respiratory researches. Through the analysis of the lung parenchyma parameters of the control group and the treatment group, the law of change among the lung parenchyma parameters is given in our paper. After comparing and analyzing the lung parenchyma parameter CT value and the density of the two groups, it is discovered that the lung parenchyma parameter CT value and the density significantly increase in the treatment group which is after continuously inhaling the nebulization of contrast agents. The change of the lung volume with the surface area in both two groups conforms to the law of lung changes during breathing. The relationship between the lung volume and the CT value or the density is analyzed and it is concluded that the lung volume is negatively correlated with the CT value or the density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjian Yang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yingwei Guo
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
| | - Wei Li
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Huai Chen
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yan Kang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110169, China
- Medical Health and Intelligent Simulation Laboratory, Medical Device Innovation Center, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China
- Engineering Research Centre of Medical Imaging and Intelligent Analysis, Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110169, China
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11
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Guo HH, Persson M, Weinheimer O, Rosenberg J, Robinson TE, Wang J. A calibration CT mini-lung-phantom created by 3-D printing and subtractive manufacturing. J Appl Clin Med Phys 2021; 22:183-190. [PMID: 33949078 PMCID: PMC8200432 DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the creation and characterization of a calibration CT mini‐lung‐phantom incorporating simulated airways and ground‐glass densities. Ten duplicate mini‐lung‐phantoms with Three‐Dimensional (3‐D) printed tubes simulating airways and gradated density polyurethane foam blocks were designed and built. Dimensional accuracy and CT numbers were measured using micro‐CT and clinical CT scanners. Micro‐CT images of airway tubes demonstrated an average dimensional variation of 0.038 mm from nominal values. The five different densities of incorporated foam blocks, simulating ground‐glass, showed mean CT numbers (±standard deviation) of −897.0 ± 1.5, −844.1 ± 1.5, −774.1 ± 2.6, −695.3 ± 1.6, and −351.0 ± 3.7 HU, respectively. Three‐Dimensional printing and subtractive manufacturing enabled rapid, cost‐effective production of ground‐truth calibration mini‐lung‐phantoms with low inter‐sample variation that can be scanned simultaneously with the patient undergoing lung quantitative CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Henry Guo
- Department of Radiology, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mats Persson
- Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Weinheimer
- Department of Radiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Terry E Robinson
- Emeritus, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jia Wang
- Environmental Health and Safety, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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12
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Kim J, Kim B, Bak SH, Oh YM, Kim WJ. A comparative study of chest CT findings regarding the effects of regional dust exposure on patients with COPD living in urban areas and rural areas near cement plants. Respir Res 2021; 22:43. [PMID: 33549113 PMCID: PMC7866433 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01649-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical and radiological presentation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is heterogenous depending on the characterized sources of inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate COPD phenotypes associated with specific dust exposure. Methods This study was designed to compare the characteristics, clinical outcomes and radiological findings between two prospective COPD cohorts representing two distinguishing regions in the Republic of Korea; COPD in Dusty Area (CODA) and the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) cohort. A total of 733 participants (n = 186 for CODA, and n = 547 for KOLD) were included finally. A multivariate analysis to compare lung function and computed tomography (CT) measurements of both cohort studies after adjusting for age, sex, education, body mass index, smoking status, and pack-year, Charlson comorbidity index, and frequency of exacerbation were performed by entering the level of FEV1(%), biomass exposure and COPD medication into the model in stepwise. Results The mean wall area (MWA, %) became significantly lower in COPD patients in KOLD from urban and metropolitan area than those in CODA cohort from cement dust area (mean ± standard deviation [SD]; 70.2 ± 1.21% in CODA vs. 66.8 ± 0.88% in KOLD, p = 0.028) after including FEV1 in the model. COPD subjects in KOLD cohort had higher CT-emphysema index (EI, 6.07 ± 3.06 in CODA vs. 20.0 ± 2.21 in KOLD, p < 0.001, respectively). The difference in the EI (%) was consistently significant even after further adjustment of FEV1 (6.12 ± 2.88% in CODA vs. 17.3 ± 2.10% in KOLD, p = 0.002, respectively). However, there was no difference in the ratio of mean lung density (MLD) between the two cohorts (p = 0.077). Additional adjustment for biomass parameters and medication for COPD did not alter the statistical significance after entering into the analysis with COPD medication. Conclusions Higher MWA and lower EI were observed in COPD patients from the region with dust exposure. These results suggest that the imaging phenotype of COPD is influenced by specific environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bom Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyeon Bak
- Deparment of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Clinical Research Center for Chronic Obstructive Airway Diseases, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Environmental Health Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Gesierich WJ, Darwiche K, Döllinger F, Eberhardt R, Eisenmann S, Grah C, Heußel CP, Huebner RH, Ley-Zaporozhan J, Stanzel F, Welter S, Hoffmann H. Joint Statement of the German Respiratory Society and German Society of Thoracic Surgery in Cooperation with the German Radiological Society: Structural Prerequisites of Centres for Interventional Treatment of Emphysema. Respiration 2021; 100:52-58. [PMID: 33412545 DOI: 10.1159/000511599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Interventional treatment of emphysema offers a wide range of surgical and endoscopic options for patients with advanced disease. Multidisciplinary collaboration of pulmonology, thoracic surgery, and imaging disciplines in patient selection, therapy, and follow-up ensures treatment quality. The present joint statement describes the required structural and quality prerequisites of treatment centres. This is a translation of the German article "Positionspapier der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Thoraxchirurgie in Kooperation mit der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft: Strukturvoraussetzungen von Zentren für die interventionelle Emphysemtherapie" Pneumologie. 2020;74:17-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Johannes Gesierich
- Department of Pulmonology, Asklepios Fachkliniken Munich-Gauting, Center for Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery, Munich-Gauting, Germany,
| | - Kaid Darwiche
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology, Ruhrlandklinik - University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Felix Döllinger
- Department of Radiology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Eberhardt
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Eisenmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I/Pulmonology, University Hospital, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Grah
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Lung Cancer Center, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhöhe, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claus Peter Heußel
- Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology with Nuclear Medicine, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralf-Harto Huebner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Franz Stanzel
- Department of Pulmonology - Thoracic Endoscopy, Lung Clinic, Hemer, Germany
| | - Stefan Welter
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lung Clinic, Hemer, Germany
| | - Hans Hoffmann
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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14
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Abd elsalam SM, Hafez M, Mohmed MF, Said AH. Correlation between quantitative multi-detector computed tomography lung analysis and pulmonary function tests in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43055-020-00281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD] is a very common disease in developing as well as in developed countries. Using CT has a growing interest to give a phenotypic classification helping the clinical characterization of COPD patients. So, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether there was a significant correlation between quantitative computed tomography lung analysis and pulmonary function tests in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
Results
The study included 50 male patients with a mean age of 62.82 years ± 8.65 years standard deviation [SD]. Significant correlation was found between the pulmonary function tests [FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio], and all parameters of quantitative assessment with – 950 HU [the percentage of low-attenuation areas (% LAA)]. Pulmonary function tests according to GOLD [Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease] guidelines revealed that 4% had normal pulmonary function, 8% had mild obstructive defect, 32% had moderate obstructive defect, 26% had severe obstructive defect, and 30% had very severe obstructive defect.
Conclusion
Automated CT densitometry defining the emphysema severity was significantly correlated with the parameters of pulmonary function tests and providing an alternative, quick, simple, non-invasive study for evaluation of emphysema severity. Its main importance was the determination of the extent and distribution of affected emphysematous parts of the lungs especially for selecting the patients suitable for the lung volume reduction surgery.
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15
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Muramatsu S, Sato K. [Quantitative Analysis of Emphysema in Ultra-high-resolution CT by Using Deep Learning Reconstruction: Comparison with Hybrid Iterative Reconstruction]. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi 2020; 76:1163-1172. [PMID: 33229846 DOI: 10.6009/jjrt.2020_jsrt_76.11.1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The noise generated in ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT) images affects the quantitative analysis of emphysema. In this study, we compared the physical properties of reconstructed images for hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) and deep learning reconstruction (DLR), which are reconstruction methods for reducing image noise. Using clinical evaluation, we evaluated the correlation between low attenuation volume (LAV) % obtained by CT and forced expiratory volume in 1 s per forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) obtained by respiratory function tests. MATERIALS AND METHODS CT data obtained by HIR and DLR were used for analysis (matrix size: 1024´1024, slice thickness: 0.25 mm). The physical characteristics were evaluated for the modulation transfer function (MTF) and noise power spectrum (NPS). Display-field of view (D-FOV) was analyzed by varying between 300 mm and 400 mm. The clinical data evaluated the relationship between LAV% and FEV1/FVC by Spearman's correlation coefficient. RESULT The 10% MTFs were 1.3 cycles/mm (HIR) and 1.3 cycles/mm (DLR) at D-FOV 300 mm, and 1.2 cycles/mm (HIR) and 1.1 cycles/mm (DLR) at D-FOV 400 mm. The NPS had less noise in DLR than HIR in all frequency ranges. The correlation coefficients between LAV% and FEV1/FVC were 0.64 and 0.71, respectively, in HIR and DLR. CONCLUSION There was no difference in the resolution characteristics of HIR and DLR. DLR had better noise characteristics than HIR. The correlation between LAV% measured by HIR and DLR and FEV1/FVC is equivalent. The noise characteristics of the DLR enable the reduction of exposure to emphysema quantitative analysis by CT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuhiro Sato
- Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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16
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Röhrich S, Hofmanninger J, Prayer F, Müller H, Prosch H, Langs G. Prospects and Challenges of Radiomics by Using Nononcologic Routine Chest CT. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2020; 2:e190190. [PMID: 33778599 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.2020190190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chest CT scans are one of the most common medical imaging procedures. The automatic extraction and quantification of imaging features may help in diagnosis, prognosis of, or treatment decision in cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic diseases. However, an adequate sample size as a statistical necessity for radiomics studies is often difficult to achieve in prospective trials. By exploiting imaging data from clinical routine, a much larger amount of data could be used than in clinical trials. Still, there is only little literature on the implementation of radiomics in clinical routine chest CT scans. Reasons are heterogeneous CT scanning protocols and the resulting technical variability (eg, different slice thicknesses, reconstruction kernels or timings after contrast material administration) in routine CT imaging data. This review summarizes the recent state of the art of studies aiming to develop quantifiable imaging biomarkers at chest CT, such as for osteoporosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, and coronary artery disease. This review explains solutions to overcome heterogeneity in routine data such as the use of imaging repositories, the standardization of radiomic features, algorithmic approaches to improve feature stability, test-retest studies, and the evolution of deep learning for modeling radiomics features. Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2020 See also the commentary by Kay in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Röhrich
- Computational Imaging Research Laboratory (J.H., G.L) of the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (S.R., F.P., H.P.), Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and Department of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Sierre, Switzerland (H.M.)
| | - Johannes Hofmanninger
- Computational Imaging Research Laboratory (J.H., G.L) of the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (S.R., F.P., H.P.), Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and Department of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Sierre, Switzerland (H.M.)
| | - Florian Prayer
- Computational Imaging Research Laboratory (J.H., G.L) of the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (S.R., F.P., H.P.), Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and Department of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Sierre, Switzerland (H.M.)
| | - Henning Müller
- Computational Imaging Research Laboratory (J.H., G.L) of the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (S.R., F.P., H.P.), Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and Department of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Sierre, Switzerland (H.M.)
| | - Helmut Prosch
- Computational Imaging Research Laboratory (J.H., G.L) of the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (S.R., F.P., H.P.), Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and Department of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Sierre, Switzerland (H.M.)
| | - Georg Langs
- Computational Imaging Research Laboratory (J.H., G.L) of the Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy (S.R., F.P., H.P.), Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; and Department of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences of Western Switzerland, Sierre, Switzerland (H.M.)
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Young AL, Bragman FJS, Rangelov B, Han MK, Galbán CJ, Lynch DA, Hawkes DJ, Alexander DC, Hurst JR. Disease Progression Modeling in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:294-302. [PMID: 31657634 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201908-1600oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The decades-long progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) renders identifying different trajectories of disease progression challenging.Objectives: To identify subtypes of patients with COPD with distinct longitudinal progression patterns using a novel machine-learning tool called "Subtype and Stage Inference" (SuStaIn) and to evaluate the utility of SuStaIn for patient stratification in COPD.Methods: We applied SuStaIn to cross-sectional computed tomography imaging markers in 3,698 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 1-4 patients and 3,479 controls from the COPDGene (COPD Genetic Epidemiology) study to identify subtypes of patients with COPD. We confirmed the identified subtypes and progression patterns using ECLIPSE (Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints) data. We assessed the utility of SuStaIn for patient stratification by comparing SuStaIn subtypes and stages at baseline with longitudinal follow-up data.Measurements and Main Results: We identified two trajectories of disease progression in COPD: a "Tissue→Airway" subtype (n = 2,354, 70.4%), in which small airway dysfunction and emphysema precede large airway wall abnormalities, and an "Airway→Tissue" subtype (n = 988, 29.6%), in which large airway wall abnormalities precede emphysema and small airway dysfunction. Subtypes were reproducible in ECLIPSE. Baseline stage in both subtypes correlated with future FEV1/FVC decline (r = -0.16 [P < 0.001] in the Tissue→Airway group; r = -0.14 [P = 0.011] in the Airway→Tissue group). SuStaIn placed 30% of smokers with normal lung function at elevated stages, suggesting imaging changes consistent with early COPD. Individuals with early changes were 2.5 times more likely to meet COPD diagnostic criteria at follow-up.Conclusions: We demonstrate two distinct patterns of disease progression in COPD using SuStaIn, likely representing different endotypes. One third of healthy smokers have detectable imaging changes, suggesting a new biomarker of "early COPD."
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra L Young
- Centre for Medical Image Computing.,Department of Computer Science.,Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, and
| | - Felix J S Bragman
- Centre for Medical Image Computing.,UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, and
| | - Bojidar Rangelov
- Centre for Medical Image Computing.,UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - MeiLan K Han
- Artificial Medical Intelligence Group, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - David A Lynch
- Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - David J Hawkes
- Centre for Medical Image Computing.,UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - John R Hurst
- Department of Radiology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
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Refaee T, Wu G, Ibrahim A, Halilaj I, Leijenaar RTH, Rogers W, Gietema HA, Hendriks LEL, Lambin P, Woodruff HC. The Emerging Role of Radiomics in COPD and Lung Cancer. Respiration 2020; 99:99-107. [PMID: 31991420 DOI: 10.1159/000505429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical imaging plays a key role in evaluating and monitoring lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. The application of artificial intelligence in medical imaging has transformed medical images into mineable data, by extracting and correlating quantitative imaging features with patients' outcomes and tumor phenotype - a process termed radiomics. While this process has already been widely researched in lung oncology, the evaluation of COPD in this fashion remains in its infancy. Here we outline the main applications of radiomics in lung cancer and briefly review the workflow from image acquisition to the evaluation of model performance. Finally, we discuss the current assessments of COPD and the potential application of radiomics in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turkey Refaee
- The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, .,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Guangyao Wu
- The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Abdallah Ibrahim
- The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Oncological Imaging, Department of Medical Physics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Comprehensive Diagnostic Center Aachen (CDCA), University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Iva Halilaj
- The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph T H Leijenaar
- The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - William Rogers
- The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, IRCCS Foundation National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Hester A Gietema
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lizza E L Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Lambin
- The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henry C Woodruff
- The D-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, GROW - School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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19
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Xu Y, Yamashiro T, Moriya H, Muramatsu S, Murayama S. Quantitative Emphysema Measurement On Ultra-High-Resolution CT Scans. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2019; 14:2283-2290. [PMID: 31631998 PMCID: PMC6790117 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s223605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the advantages of ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT) scans for the quantitative measurement of emphysematous lesions over conventional HRCT scans. Materials and methods This study included 32 smokers under routine clinical care who underwent chest CT performed by a U-HRCT scanner. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was diagnosed in 13 of the 32 participants. Scan data were reconstructed by 2 different protocols: i) U-HRCT mode with a 1024×1024 matrix and 0.25-mm slice thickness and ii) conventional HRCT mode with a 512×512 matrix and 0.5-mm slice thickness. On both types of scans, lesions of emphysema were quantitatively assessed as percentage of low attenuation volume (LAV%, <-950 Hounsfield units). LAV% values determined for scan data from the U-HRCT and conventional HRCT modes were compared by the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. The association between LAV% and forced expiratory volume in 1 s per forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) was assessed by the Spearman rank correlation test. Results Mean values for LAV% determined for the U-HRCT and conventional HRCT modes were 8.9 ± 8.8% and 7.3 ± 8.4%, respectively (P<0.0001). The correlation coefficients for LAV% and FEV1/FVC on the U-HRCT and conventional HRCT modes were 0.50 and 0.49, respectively (both P<0.01). Conclusion Compared with conventional HRCT scans, U-HRCT scans reveal emphysematous lesions in greater detail, and provide slightly increased correlation with airflow limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Xu
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tsuneo Yamashiro
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Moriya
- Department of Radiology, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shun Muramatsu
- Department of Radiology, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sadayuki Murayama
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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20
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Chang YX, Zhang NN, Xing YC, Zhang Q, Oh A, Gao HM, Zhu Y, Baik H, Kim B, Yang Y, Chang WS, Sun T, Zhang J, Lu ZY, Lee K, Link S, Liu K. Gold Nanotetrapods with Unique Topological Structure and Ultranarrow Plasmonic Band as Multifunctional Therapeutic Agents. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4505-4510. [PMID: 31310141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their excellent surface plasmonic properties, Au nanobranches have drawn increasing attention in various bioapplications, such as contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging, nanomedicines for photothermal therapy, and carriers for drug delivery. The monodispersity and plasmonic bandwidth of Au nanobranches are of great importance for the efficacy of those bioapplications. However, it is still a challenge to accurately synthesize size- and shape-controlled Au nanobranches. Here we report a facile seed-mediated growth method to synthesize monodisperse Au nanotetrapods (NTPs) with tunable and ultranarrow plasmonic bands. The NTPs have a novel D2d symmetry with four arms elongated in four ⟨110⟩ directions. The growth mechanism of NTPs relies on the delicate kinetic control of deposition and diffusion rates of adatoms. Upon laser irradiation, the PEGylated NTPs possess remarkable photothermal conversion efficiencies and photoacoustic imaging properties. The NTPs can be applied as a multifunctional theranostic agent for both photoacoustic imaging and image-guided photothermal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Ning-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Yu-Chen Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | | | - Aram Oh
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130023 , China
| | - Yun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Hionsuck Baik
- Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongyoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Wei-Shun Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Massachusetts Dartmouth , 285 Old Westport Road , North Dartmouth , Massachusetts 02747 , United States
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- The First Bethune Hospital and Institute of Immunology , Jilin University , Changchun 130021 , China
| | - Junhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130023 , China
| | - Kwangyeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Sciences , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics , Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130012 , China
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Jin H, Heo C, Kim JH. Deep learning-enabled accurate normalization of reconstruction kernel effects on emphysema quantification in low-dose CT. Phys Med Biol 2019; 64:135010. [PMID: 31185463 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab28a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung densitometry is being frequently adopted in CT-based emphysema quantification, yet known to be affected by the choice of reconstruction kernel. This study presents a two-step deep learning architecture that enables accurate normalization of reconstruction kernel effects on emphysema quantification in low-dose CT. Deep learning is used to convert a CT image of a sharp kernel to that of a standard kernel with restoration of truncation artifacts and smoothing-free pixel size normalization. We selected 353 scans reconstructed by both standard and sharp kernels from four different CT scanners from the United States National Lung Screening Trial program database. A truncation artifact correction model was constructed with a combination of histogram extrapolation and a deep learning model trained with truncated and non-truncated image sets. Then, we performed frequency domain zero-padding to normalize reconstruction field of view effects while preventing image smoothing effects. The kernel normalization model has a U-Net based architecture trained for each CT scanner dataset. Three lung density measurements including relative lung area under 950 HU (RA950), lower 15th percentile threshold (perc15), and mean lung density were obtained in the datasets from standard, sharp, and normalized kernels. The effect of kernel normalization was evaluated with pair-wise differences in lung density metrics. The mean of pair-wise differences in RA950 between standard and sharp kernel reconstructions was reduced from 10.75% to -0.07% using kernel normalization. The difference for perc15 decreased from -31.03 HU to -0.30 HU after kernel normalization. Our study demonstrated the feasibility of applying deep learning techniques for normalizing CT kernel effects, thereby reducing the kernel-induced variability in lung density measurements. The deep learning model could increase the accuracy of emphysema quantification, thereby allowing reliable surveillance of emphysema in lung cancer screening even when follow-up CT scans are acquired with different reconstruction kernels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongmin Jin
- Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea. Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
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22
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Tenda ED, Ridge CA, Shen M, Yang GZ, Shah PL. Role of Quantitative Computed Tomographic Scan Analysis in Lung Volume Reduction for Emphysema. Respiration 2019; 98:86-94. [PMID: 31067563 DOI: 10.1159/000498949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) offer new therapeutic alternatives for patients with emphysema and hyperinflation. Endobronchial valves and coils are 2 potential BLVR techniques which have been shown to improve pulmonary function and the quality of life in patients with emphysema. Current patient selection for LVR procedures relies on 3 main inclusion criteria: low attenuation area (in %), also known as emphysema score, heterogeneity score, and fissure integrity score. Volumetric analysis in combination with densitometric analysis of the affected lung lobe or segment with quantitative CT to determine emphysema severity play an important role in treatment planning and post-operative assessment. Due to the variations in lung anatomy, manual corrections are often required to ensure successful and accurate lobe segmentation for pathological and post-treatment CT scan analysis. The advanced development and utilisation of quantitative CT do not simply represent regional changes in pulmonary function but aids in analysis for better patient selection with severe emphysema who are most likely to benefit from BLVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Daniel Tenda
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.,Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.,The Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, National General Hospital of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, and Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Carole A Ridge
- Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mali Shen
- The Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guang-Zhong Yang
- The Hamlyn Centre for Robotic Surgery, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pallav L Shah
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, .,Royal Brompton Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom,
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23
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Quantitative computed tomography for predicting cardiopulmonary complications after lobectomy for lung cancer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 67:697-703. [DOI: 10.1007/s11748-019-01080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Schreuder A, Jacobs C, Gallardo-Estrella L, Prokop M, Schaefer-Prokop CM, van Ginneken B. Predicting all-cause and lung cancer mortality using emphysema score progression rate between baseline and follow-up chest CT images: A comparison of risk model performances. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212756. [PMID: 30789954 PMCID: PMC6383935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Normalized emphysema score is a protocol-robust CT biomarker of mortality. We aimed to improve mortality prediction by including the emphysema score progression rate–its change over time–into the models. Method and materials CT scans from 6000 National Lung Screening Trial CT arm participants were included. Of these, 1810 died (445 lung cancer-specific). The remaining 4190 survivors were sampled with replacement up to 24432 to approximate the full cohort. Three overlapping subcohorts were formed which required participants to have images from specific screening rounds. Emphysema scores were obtained after resampling, normalization, and bullae cluster analysis of the original images. Base models contained solely the latest emphysema score. Progression models included emphysema score progression rate. Models were adjusted by including baseline age, sex, BMI, smoking status, smoking intensity, smoking duration, and previous COPD diagnosis. Cox proportional hazard models predicting all-cause and lung cancer mortality were compared by calculating the area under the curve per year follow-up. Results In the subcohort of participants with baseline and first annual follow-up scans, the analysis was performed on 4940 participants (23227 after resampling). Area under the curve for all-cause mortality predictions of the base and progression models 6 years after baseline were 0.564 (0.564 to 0.565) and 0.569 (0.568 to 0.569) when unadjusted, and 0.704 (0.703 to 0.704) to 0.705 (0.704 to 0.705) when adjusted. The respective performances predicting lung cancer mortality were 0.638 (0.637 to 0.639) and 0.643 (0.642 to 0.644) when unadjusted, and 0.724 (0.723 to 0.725) and 0.725 (0.725 to 0.726) when adjusted. Conclusion Including emphysema score progression rate into risk models shows no clinically relevant improvement in mortality risk prediction. This is because scan normalization does not adjust for an overall change in lung density. Adjusting for changes in smoking behavior is likely required to make this a clinically useful measure of emphysema progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Schreuder
- Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Colin Jacobs
- Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Leticia Gallardo-Estrella
- Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Thirona, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mathias Prokop
- Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M. Schaefer-Prokop
- Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Meander Medisch Centrum, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Bram van Ginneken
- Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
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25
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Pino Peña I, Cheplygina V, Paschaloudi S, Vuust M, Carl J, Weinreich UM, Østergaard LR, de Bruijne M. Automatic emphysema detection using weakly labeled HRCT lung images. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205397. [PMID: 30321206 PMCID: PMC6188751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A method for automatically quantifying emphysema regions using High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) scans of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that does not require manually annotated scans for training is presented. METHODS HRCT scans of controls and of COPD patients with diverse disease severity are acquired at two different centers. Textural features from co-occurrence matrices and Gaussian filter banks are used to characterize the lung parenchyma in the scans. Two robust versions of multiple instance learning (MIL) classifiers that can handle weakly labeled data, miSVM and MILES, are investigated. Weak labels give information relative to the emphysema without indicating the location of the lesions. The classifiers are trained with the weak labels extracted from the forced expiratory volume in one minute (FEV1) and diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO). At test time, the classifiers output a patient label indicating overall COPD diagnosis and local labels indicating the presence of emphysema. The classifier performance is compared with manual annotations made by two radiologists, a classical density based method, and pulmonary function tests (PFTs). RESULTS The miSVM classifier performed better than MILES on both patient and emphysema classification. The classifier has a stronger correlation with PFT than the density based method, the percentage of emphysema in the intersection of annotations from both radiologists, and the percentage of emphysema annotated by one of the radiologists. The correlation between the classifier and the PFT is only outperformed by the second radiologist. CONCLUSIONS The presented method uses MIL classifiers to automatically identify emphysema regions in HRCT scans. Furthermore, this approach has been demonstrated to correlate better with DLCO than a classical density based method or a radiologist, which is known to be affected in emphysema. Therefore, it is relevant to facilitate assessment of emphysema and to reduce inter-observer variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pino Peña
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- * E-mail: (IPP); (VC)
| | - Veronika Cheplygina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (IPP); (VC)
| | - Sofia Paschaloudi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Vendsyssel Hospital, Fredrikshavn, Denmark
| | - Morten Vuust
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Vendsyssel Hospital, Fredrikshavn, Denmark
| | - Jesper Carl
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ulla Møller Weinreich
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Marleen de Bruijne
- Biomedical Imaging Group Rotterdam, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Computer Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hajian B, De Backer J, Vos W, Van Holsbeke C, Clukers J, De Backer W. Functional respiratory imaging (FRI) for optimizing therapy development and patient care. Expert Rev Respir Med 2018; 10:193-206. [PMID: 26731531 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2016.1136216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Functional imaging techniques offer the possibility of improved visualization of anatomical structures such as; airways, lobe volumes and blood vessels. Computer-based flow simulations with a three-dimensional element add functionality to the images. By providing valuable detailed information about airway geometry, internal airflow distribution and inhalation profile, functional respiratory imaging can be of use routinely in the clinic. Three dimensional visualization allows for highly detailed follow-up in terms of disease progression or in assessing effects of interventions. Here, we explore the usefulness of functional respiratory imaging in different respiratory diseases. In patients with asthma and COPD, functional respiratory imaging has been used for phenotyping these patients, to predict the responder and non-responder phenotype and to evaluate different innovative therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Hajian
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , University Hospital Antwerp , Edegem , Belgium
| | | | - Wim Vos
- b FLUIDDA nv , Kontich , Belgium
| | | | - Johan Clukers
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , University Hospital Antwerp , Edegem , Belgium
| | - Wilfried De Backer
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine , University Hospital Antwerp , Edegem , Belgium
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27
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Chang YX, Gao HM, Zhang NN, Tao XF, Sun T, Zhang J, Lu ZY, Liu K, Yang B. Synergistic Reducing Effect for Synthesis of Well-Defined Au Nanooctopods With Ultra-Narrow Plasmon Band Width and High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency. Front Chem 2018; 6:335. [PMID: 30148130 PMCID: PMC6096650 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Branched Au nanoparticles have attracted intense interest owing to their remarkable properties and a wide variety of potential applications in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), photothermal therapy, photoacoustic imaging, and biomedicines. The morphology and spatial arrangement of branches play the most crucial role in the determination of their properties and applications. However, it is still a synthetic challenge to control the exact arm numbers of branches with specific spatial arrangements. Here we report a facile method for the kinetically controlled growth of Au nanooctopods (NOPs) with a high yield (81%), monodispersity, and reproducibility by using the synergistic reducing effect of ascorbic acid and 1-methylpyrrolidine. The NOPs have eight arms elongated along <111> directions with uniform arm lengths. Due to their well-defined size and shape, NOPs show ultra-narrow surface plasmon band width with a full width at half maximum of only 76 nm (0.20 eV). Upon irradiation with laser, the NOPs possessed excellent photothermal conversion efficiencies up to 83.0% and photoacoustic imaging properties. This work highlights the future prospects of using NOPs with desired physicochemical properties for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui-Min Gao
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xing-Fu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianmeng Sun
- The First Bethune Hospital and Institute of Immunology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
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Foo TS, Pilton JL, Hall EJ, Martinez-Taboada F, Makara M. Effect of body position and time on quantitative computed tomographic measurements of lung volume and attenuation in healthy anesthetized cats. Am J Vet Res 2018; 79:874-883. [PMID: 30058848 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.8.874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the effect of time and recumbency on CT measurements of lung volume and attenuation in healthy cats under general anesthesia. ANIMALS 8 healthy research cats. PROCEDURES Anesthetized cats were positioned in sternal recumbency for 20 minutes and then in left, right, and left lateral recumbency (40 minutes/position). Expiratory helical CT scan of the thorax was performed at 0 and 20 minutes in sternal recumbency and at 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes in each lateral recumbent position. For each lung, CT measurements of lung volume and attenuation and the extent of lung areas that were hyperaerated (-1,000 to -901 Hounsfield units [HU]), normoaerated (-900 to -501 HU), poorly aerated (-500 to -101 HU), or nonaerated (-100 to +100 HU [indicative of atelectasis]) were determined with a semiautomatic threshold-based technique. A restricted maximum likelihood analysis was performed. RESULTS In lateral recumbency, the dependent lung had significantly greater attenuation and a lower volume than the nondependent lung. Within the dependent lung, there was a significantly higher percentage of poorly aerated lung tissue, compared with that in the nondependent lung. These changes were detected immediately after positioning the cats in lateral recumbency and remained static with no further significant time-related change. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that once anesthetized healthy cats were positioned in lateral recumbency, the dependent lung lobes underwent a rapid reduction in lung volume and increase in lung attenuation that did not progress over time, predominantly attributable to an increase in poorly aerated lung tissue.
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29
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Hammond E, Chan KS, Ames JC, Stoyles N, Sloan CM, Guo J, Newell JD, Hoffman EA, Sieren JC. Impact of advanced detector technology and iterative reconstruction on low-dose quantitative assessment of lung computed tomography density in a biological lung model. Med Phys 2018; 45:10.1002/mp.13057. [PMID: 29926932 PMCID: PMC6309498 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative computed tomography (QCT)-derived measures of lung density are valued methods for objectively characterizing lung parenchymal and peripheral airways disease and are being used in a growing number of lung disease focused trials. Detector and reconstruction improvements in CT technology have allowed for significant radiation dose reduction in image acquisition with comparable qualitative image quality. We report the impact of detector type and reconstruction type on QCT lung density measures in relation to decreasing dose indices. METHODS Two sets of studies were completed in an in vivo pig model with a SOMATOM Definition Flash CT system: (a) prior to system upgrade with conventional detectors (UFC) and filtered back projection (FBP), and (b) post system upgrade with integrated electronic detectors (STELLAR) and iterative reconstruction (SAFIRE). CT data were acquired across estimated CT volume dose indices (CTDIvol ) ranging from 0.75 to 15 mGy at both inspiratory and expiratory breath holds. Semiautomated lung segmentations allowed calculation of histogram median, kurtosis, and 15th percentile. Percentage of voxels below -910 HU and -950 HU (inspiratory), and -856 HU (expiratory) were also examined. The changes in these QCT metrics from dose reduction (15 mGy down to 0.75 mGy) were calculated relative to paired reference values (15 mGy). Results were compared based on detector and reconstruction type. RESULTS In this study, STELLAR detectors improved concordance with 15 mGy values down to 3 mGy for inspiratory scans and 6 mGy for expiratory scans. The addition of SAFIRE reconstruction in all acquired measurements resulted in minimal deviation from reference values at 0.75 mGy. CONCLUSION The use of STELLAR integrated electronic detectors and SAFIRE iterative reconstruction may allow for comparable lung density measures with CT dose indices down to 0.75 mGy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Hammond
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - K. S. Chan
- Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - J. C. Ames
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - N. Stoyles
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - C. M. Sloan
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - J. Guo
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - J. D. Newell
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - E. A. Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - J. C. Sieren
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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CHIVERTON J, KAO A, ROLDO M, TOZZI G. Automatic diameter and orientation distribution determination of fibrous materials in micro X-ray CT imaging data. J Microsc 2018; 272:180-195. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.P. CHIVERTON
- School of Engineering; University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth UK
| | - A. KAO
- School of Engineering; University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth UK
| | - M. ROLDO
- School of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science; University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth UK
| | - G. TOZZI
- School of Engineering; University of Portsmouth; Portsmouth UK
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31
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MacNee W. Computed tomography-derived pathological phenotypes in COPD. Eur Respir J 2018; 48:10-3. [PMID: 27365503 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00958-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William MacNee
- University of Edinburgh/MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
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32
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Chapman KR, Chorostowska-Wynimko J, Koczulla AR, Ferrarotti I, McElvaney NG. Alpha 1 antitrypsin to treat lung disease in alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency: recent developments and clinical implications. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:419-432. [PMID: 29430176 PMCID: PMC5797472 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s149429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency is a hereditary condition characterized by low alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor (also known as alpha 1 antitrypsin [AAT]) serum levels. Reduced levels of AAT allow abnormal degradation of lung tissue, which may ultimately lead to the development of early-onset emphysema. Intravenous infusion of AAT is the only therapeutic option that can be used to maintain levels above the protective threshold. Based on its biochemical efficacy, AAT replacement therapy was approved by the US Food and Drug administration in 1987. However, there remained considerable interest in selecting appropriate outcome measures that could confirm clinical efficacy in a randomized controlled trial setting. Using computed tomography as the primary measure of decline in lung density, the capacity for intravenously administered AAT replacement therapy to slow and modify the course of disease progression was demonstrated for the first time in the Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of Augmentation Therapy in Alpha-1 Proteinase Inhibitor Deficiency (RAPID) trial. Following these results, an expert review forum was held at the European Respiratory Society to discuss the findings of the RAPID trial program and how they may change the landscape of alpha 1 antitrypsin emphysema treatment. This review summarizes the results of the RAPID program and the implications for clinical considerations with respect to diagnosis, treatment and management of emphysema due to alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Rembert Koczulla
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Medical Center Giessen and Marburg, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ilaria Ferrarotti
- Center for Diagnosis of Inherited Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency, Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Pneumology Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Noel G McElvaney
- Department of Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Gallardo-Estrella L, Pompe E, de Jong PA, Jacobs C, van Rikxoort EM, Prokop M, Sánchez CI, van Ginneken B. Normalized emphysema scores on low dose CT: Validation as an imaging biomarker for mortality. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188902. [PMID: 29227997 PMCID: PMC5724850 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop a computed tomography (CT) biomarker of emphysema that is robust across reconstruction settings, and evaluate its ability to predict mortality in patients at high risk for lung cancer. Data included baseline CT scans acquired between August 2002 and April 2004 from 1737 deceased subjects and 5740 surviving controls taken from the National Lung Screening Trial. Emphysema scores were computed in the original scans (origES) and after applying resampling, normalization and bullae analysis (normES). We compared the prognostic value of normES versus origES for lung cancer and all-cause mortality by computing the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) and the net reclassification improvement (NRI) for follow-up times of 1–7 years. normES was a better predictor of mortality than origES. The 95% confidence intervals for the differences in AUC values indicated a significant difference for all-cause mortality for 2 through 6 years of follow-up, and for lung cancer mortality for 1 through 7 years of follow-up. 95% confidence intervals in NRI values showed a statistically significant improvement in classification for all-cause mortality for 2 through 7 years of follow-up, and for lung cancer mortality for 3 through 7 years of follow-up. Contrary to conventional emphysema score, our normalized emphysema score is a good predictor of all-cause and lung cancer mortality in settings where multiple CT scanners and protocols are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Gallardo-Estrella
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Esther Pompe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pim A. de Jong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Colin Jacobs
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eva M. van Rikxoort
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mathias Prokop
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Clara I. Sánchez
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bram van Ginneken
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Mohamed YM, Osman NM, Osman AM. Updates in computed tomography assessment of emphysema using computed tomography lung analysis. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/ejb.ejb_67_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Wang W, Xie M, Dou S, Cui L, Xiao W. Computer quantification of "angle of collapse" on maximum expiratory flow volume curve for diagnosing asthma-COPD overlap syndrome. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:3015-3022. [PMID: 27942211 PMCID: PMC5138020 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s118415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a previous study, we demonstrated that asthma patients with signs of emphysema on quantitative computed tomography (CT) fulfill the diagnosis of asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). However, quantitative CT measurements of emphysema are not routinely available for patients with chronic airway disease, which limits their application. Spirometry was a widely used examination tool in clinical settings and shows emphysema as a sharp angle in the maximum expiratory flow volume (MEFV) curve, called the “angle of collapse (AC)”. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of the AC in the diagnosis of emphysema and ACOS. Methods This study included 716 participants: 151 asthma patients, 173 COPD patients, and 392 normal control subjects. All the participants underwent pulmonary function tests. COPD and asthma patients also underwent quantitative CT measurements of emphysema. The AC was measured using computer models based on Matlab software. The value of the AC in the diagnosis of emphysema and ACOS was evaluated using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results The AC of COPD patients was significantly lower than that of asthma patients and control subjects. The AC was significantly negatively correlated with emphysema index (EI; r=−0.666, P<0.001), and patients with high EI had a lower AC than those with low EI. The ROC curve analysis showed that the AC had higher diagnostic efficiency for high EI (area under the curve =0.876) than did other spirometry parameters. In asthma patients, using the AC ≤137° as a surrogate criterion for the diagnosis of ACOS, the sensitivity and specificity were 62.5% and 89.1%, respectively. Conclusion The AC on the MEFV curve quantified by computer models correlates with the extent of emphysema. The AC may become a surrogate marker for the diagnosis of emphysema and help to diagnose ACOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengshuang Xie
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Dou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Cui
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Yang J, Angelini ED, Balte PP, Hoffman EA, Wu CO, Venkatesh BA, Barr RG, Laine AF. Emphysema Quantification on Cardiac CT Scans Using Hidden Markov Measure Field Model: The MESA Lung Study. MEDICAL IMAGE COMPUTING AND COMPUTER-ASSISTED INTERVENTION : MICCAI ... INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MEDICAL IMAGE COMPUTING AND COMPUTER-ASSISTED INTERVENTION 2016; 9901:624-631. [PMID: 28845485 PMCID: PMC5569897 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46723-8_72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scans include approximately 2/3 of the lung and can be obtained with low radiation exposure. Large cohorts of population-based research studies reported high correlations of emphysema quantification between full-lung (FL) and cardiac CT scans, using thresholding-based measurements. This work extends a hidden Markov measure field (HMMF) model-based segmentation method for automated emphysema quantification on cardiac CT scans. We show that the HMMF-based method, when compared with several types of thresholding, provides more reproducible emphysema segmentation on repeated cardiac scans, and more consistent measurements between longitudinal cardiac and FL scans from a diverse pool of scanner types and thousands of subjects with ten thousands of scans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elsa D Angelini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pallavi P Balte
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Colin O Wu
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew F Laine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Al-Kassimi FA, Alhamad EH, Al-Hajjaj MS, Raddaoui E, Alzeer AH, Alboukai AA, Somily AM, Cal JG, Ibrahim AF, Shaik SA. Can computed tomography and carbon monoxide transfer coefficient diagnose an asthma-like phenotype in COPD? Respirology 2016; 22:322-328. [PMID: 27623733 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Post-mortem and computed tomography (CT) studies indicated that emphysema is a feature of COPD even in the 'blue bloater/chronic bronchitis' type. We aim to test the hypothesis that the non-emphysematous patients are distinct from the main body of COPD and are more akin to asthmatic patients. METHODS We studied 54 patients with COPD. Emphysema was measured by Goddard's visual scoring of CT scan and the carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO). Bronchial biopsy was offered for thickness of basement membrane (BM) (≥7 µm) as a marker of remodelling in irreversible asthma. Spirometry was repeated after therapy with Budesonide/Formoterol for 1 year. RESULTS The non-emphysematous phenotype were 24 of 54 patients (44%) by CT scan and 23 of 54 patients (43%) by KCO, showing agreement in 53 out of 54 patients. The non-emphysematous patients were younger, had higher forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ) (median 61% vs 49.7%), greater prevalence of hypertrophy of nasal turbinates and higher serum IgE. The emphysematous phenotype had lower BMI and greater dyspnoea score. The BM was thickened in 11 of 14 and 0 of 10 patients in the non-emphysematous and emphysematous groups, respectively. Three patients without emphysema and a normal BM normalized their FEV1 upon receiving inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting β2 agonist (LABA). All the non-emphysematous improved their FEV1 after ICS/LABA (median = 215 mL). The median decline in the emphysematous was -65 mL. CONCLUSION The non-emphysematous phenotype of COPD displays important features of asthma: clinical picture, histology and response to ICS. CT and KCO can predict spirometric response to ICS/LABA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esam H Alhamad
- Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Emad Raddaoui
- Department of Pathology, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmad A Alboukai
- Department of Radiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Somily
- Department of Pathology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph G Cal
- Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shaffi A Shaik
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Lee JG, Park S, Bae CH, Jang WS, Lee SJ, Lee DN, Myung JK, Kim CH, Jin YW, Lee SS, Shim S. Development of a minipig model for lung injury induced by a single high-dose radiation exposure and evaluation with thoracic computed tomography. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2016; 57:201-209. [PMID: 26712795 PMCID: PMC4915533 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) due to nuclear or radiological exposure remains difficult to treat because of insufficient clinical data. The goal of this study was to establish an appropriate and efficient minipig model and introduce a thoracic computed tomography (CT)-based method to measure the progression of RILI. Göttingen minipigs were allocated to control and irradiation groups. The most obvious changes in the CT images after irradiation were peribronchial opacification, interlobular septal thickening, and lung volume loss. Hounsfield units (HU) in the irradiation group reached a maximum level at 6 weeks and decreased thereafter, but remained higher than those of the control group. Both lung area and cardiac right lateral shift showed significant changes at 22 weeks post irradiation. The white blood cell (WBC) count, a marker of pneumonitis, increased and reached a maximum at 6 weeks in both peripheral blood and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid. Microscopic findings at 22 weeks post irradiation were characterized by widening of the interlobular septum, with dense fibrosis and an increase in the radiation dose-dependent fibrotic score. Our results also showed that WBC counts and microscopic findings were positively correlated with the three CT parameters. In conclusion, the minipig model can provide useful clinical data regarding RILI caused by the adverse effects of high-dose radiotherapy. Peribronchial opacification, interlobular septal thickening, and lung volume loss are three quantifiable CT parameters that can be used as a simple method for monitoring the progression of RILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Geol Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhoo Park
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Bae
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Suk Jang
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joo Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal Nim Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Myung
- Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Hyeon Kim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jin
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sook Lee
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea Department of Pathology, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, KIRAMS, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehwan Shim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Xie M, Wang W, Dou S, Cui L, Xiao W. Quantitative computed tomography measurements of emphysema for diagnosing asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:953-61. [PMID: 27226711 PMCID: PMC4866743 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s104484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnostic criteria of asthma–COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) are controversial. Emphysema is characteristic of COPD and usually does not exist in typical asthma patients. Emphysema in patients with asthma suggests the coexistence of COPD. Quantitative computed tomography (CT) allows repeated evaluation of emphysema noninvasively. We investigated the value of quantitative CT measurements of emphysema in the diagnosis of ACOS. Methods This study included 404 participants; 151 asthma patients, 125 COPD patients, and 128 normal control subjects. All the participants underwent pulmonary function tests and a high-resolution CT scan. Emphysema measurements were taken with an Airway Inspector software. The asthma patients were divided into high and low emphysema index (EI) groups based on the percentage of low attenuation areas less than −950 Hounsfield units. The characteristics of asthma patients with high EI were compared with those having low EI or COPD. Results The normal value of percentage of low attenuation areas less than −950 Hounsfield units in Chinese aged >40 years was 2.79%±2.37%. COPD patients indicated more severe emphysema and more upper-zone-predominant distribution of emphysema than asthma patients or controls. Thirty-two (21.2%) of the 151 asthma patients had high EI. Compared with asthma patients with low EI, those with high EI were significantly older, more likely to be male, had more pack-years of smoking, had more upper-zone-predominant distribution of emphysema, and had greater airflow limitation. There were no significant differences in sex ratios, pack-years of smoking, airflow limitation, or emphysema distribution between asthma patients with high EI and COPD patients. A greater number of acute exacerbations were seen in asthma patients with high EI compared with those with low EI or COPD. Conclusion Asthma patients with high EI fulfill the features of ACOS, as described in the Global Initiative for Asthma and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease guidelines. Quantitative CT measurements of emphysema may help in diagnosing ACOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshuang Xie
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Dou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwei Cui
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Herth FJ, Slebos DJ, Rabe KF, Shah PL. Endoscopic Lung Volume Reduction: An Expert Panel Recommendation. Respiration 2016; 91:241-50. [DOI: 10.1159/000444090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Bodduluri S, Bhatt SP, Reinhardt JM. Computed Tomography Image Matching in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2016; 44:411-425. [PMID: 29431089 PMCID: PMC6056001 DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2017021299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by progressive airflow obstruction due to the combined effects of emphysema and small airways disease, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The complex link between emphysema and airways disease is associated with significant heterogeneity in clinical presentation. Spirometry is the current gold standard for diagnosis and stratification of the severity of airflow obstruction in COPD. Although spirometry is simple to use, it does not enable the separation of emphysema from airways disease. Computed tomography (CT), on the other hand, provides the anatomic localization of disease and has been increasingly used to phenotype COPD. The majority of current CT measures are extracted from a single-volume CT scan and although useful to characterize emphysema and airways disease, they do not link structural and functional abnormalities. Alternatively, CT image matching combines information from both inspiratory and expiratory CT scans, thus enabling determination of functional changes such as regional ventilation and mechanical properties of the lung. In this review, we discuss recent applications of CT image matching that provide clinically meaningful information beyond spirometry and single-volume CT scan measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Bodduluri
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Lung Imaging Core, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Surya P. Bhatt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Lung Imaging Core, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Lung Health Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Joseph M. Reinhardt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Mortani Barbosa EJ. Quantitative imaging of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-moving towards clinical application. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:1-5. [PMID: 26904204 PMCID: PMC4740159 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2016.01.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Mortani Barbosa
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Fernandes L, Fernandes Y, Mesquita AM. Quantitative computed tomography imaging in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lung India 2016; 33:646-652. [PMID: 27890994 PMCID: PMC5112822 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.192880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous disease having small airway inflammation, emphysema, and pulmonary hypertension. It is now clear that spirometry alone cannot differentiate each component. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) is increasingly used to quantify the amount of emphysema and small airway involvement in COPD. Inspiratory CT guides in assessing emphysema while expiratory CT identifies areas of air trapping which is a surrogate of small airway inflammation. By constructing a three-dimensional model of airways, we can also measure the airway wall thickness of segmental and subsegmental airways. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge and methodologies in QCT of the lung that aid in identifying discrete COPD phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Fernandes
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Goa Medical College, Goa, India
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Quantification of nonuniform distribution of hemi-lung perfusion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Nucl Med 2015; 30:3-10. [PMID: 26644008 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-015-1043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nonuniform distribution (NUD) of perfusion on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is caused by impaired perfusion-related fluctuations of the functional volume (FFV). It was determined if digital analysis of NUD in each hemi-lung damaged by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) could improve the whole lung impairment assessment. We examined 665 subjects and 8 controls by SPECT. The basic whole lung SPECT volume was defined at 10% of maximum whole lung count cutoff threshold (T h). For the whole lung and each hemi-lung, the 10% T h width volume, FFV rate, and misfit from the control were calculated at every T h width number (n) from 1 to 9 for every additional 10% T h from 10 to 100%. The misfit value integrated from 1 to 9 of n was defined by 3 NUD indices: D, whole lung NUD index; D rl , the index for the sum of each hemi-lung NUD; and D (I) , the NUD index with every interpolating pattern in which FFV rates of hemi-lungs comprised negative and positive value at the same n. D rl index was the sum of D and D (I) indices in all patients. D rl and D indices significantly increased in pulmonary disease subjects relative to those of the normal group and non-pulmonary disease subjects. D rl and D indices increased in COPD subjects. Progressive COPD subjects had larger D rl index values and "diffuse and even" hemi-lung impairment. The three indices quantizing FFV itself leading to NUD helped to digitally evaluate the degree of lung impairment of perfusion. Clinically, it is expected that the NUD indices and images obtained by SPECT, which visually and digitally show the pathological fluctuations in perfusion caused by lung impairment, will be able to provide specific and useful information for improving treatment and/or care of subjects with COPD.
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Boes JL, Bule M, Hoff BA, Chamberlain R, Lynch DA, Stojanovska J, Martinez FJ, Han MK, Kazerooni EA, Ross BD, Galbán CJ. The Impact of Sources of Variability on Parametric Response Mapping of Lung CT Scans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:69-77. [PMID: 26568983 PMCID: PMC4643661 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2015.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Parametric response mapping (PRM) of inspiration and expiration computed tomography (CT) images improves the radiological phenotyping of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PRM classifies individual voxels of lung parenchyma as normal, emphysematous, or nonemphysematous air trapping. In this study, bias and noise characteristics of the PRM methodology to CT and clinical procedures were evaluated to determine best practices for this quantitative technique. Twenty patients of varying COPD status with paired volumetric inspiration and expiration CT scans of the lungs were identified from the baseline COPDGene cohort. The impact of CT scanner manufacturer and reconstruction kernels were evaluated as potential sources of variability in PRM measurements along with simulations to quantify the impact of inspiration/expiration lung volume levels, misregistration, and image spacing on PRM measurements. Negligible variation in PRM metrics was observed when CT scanner type and reconstruction were consistent and inspiration/expiration lung volume levels were near target volumes. CT scanner Hounsfield unit drift occurred but remained difficult to ameliorate. Increasing levels of image misregistration and CT slice spacing were found to have a minor effect on PRM measurements. PRM-derived values were found to be most sensitive to lung volume levels and mismatched reconstruction kernels. As with other quantitative imaging techniques, reliable PRM measurements are attainable when consistent clinical and CT protocols are implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Boes
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Center for Molecular Imaging, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Maria Bule
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Center for Molecular Imaging, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Benjamin A Hoff
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Center for Molecular Imaging, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - Jadranka Stojanovska
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Center for Molecular Imaging, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Meilan K Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Center for Molecular Imaging, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ella A Kazerooni
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Center for Molecular Imaging, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Brian D Ross
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Center for Molecular Imaging, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Craig J Galbán
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Center for Molecular Imaging, Ann Arbor, MI
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Very low-dose (0.15 mGy) chest CT protocols using the COPDGene 2 test object and a third-generation dual-source CT scanner with corresponding third-generation iterative reconstruction software. Invest Radiol 2015; 50:40-5. [PMID: 25198834 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of ultralow radiation dose single-energy computed tomographic (CT) acquisitions with Sn prefiltration and third-generation iterative reconstruction on density-based quantitative measures of growing interest in phenotyping pulmonary disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of both decreasing dose and different body habitus on the accuracy of the mean CT attenuation measurements and the level of image noise (SD) were evaluated using the COPDGene 2 test object, containing 8 different materials of interest ranging from air to acrylic and including various density foams. A third-generation dual-source multidetector CT scanner (Siemens SOMATOM FORCE; Siemens Healthcare AG, Erlangen, Germany) running advanced modeled iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE) software (Siemens Healthcare AG) was used.We used normal and very large body habitus rings at dose levels varying from 1.5 to 0.15 mGy using a spectral-shaped (0.6-mm Sn) tube output of 100 kV(p). Three CT scans were obtained at each dose level using both rings. Regions of interest for each material in the test object scans were automatically extracted. The Hounsfield unit values of each material using weighted filtered back projection (WFBP) at 1.5 mGy was used as the reference value to evaluate shifts in CT attenuation at lower dose levels using either WFBP or ADMIRE. Statistical analysis included basic statistics, Welch t tests, multivariable covariant model using the F test to assess the significance of the explanatory (independent) variables on the response (dependent) variable, and CT mean attenuation, in the multivariable covariant model including reconstruction method. RESULTS Multivariable regression analysis of the mean CT attenuation values showed a significant difference with decreasing dose between ADMIRE and WFBP. The ADMIRE has reduced noise and more stable CT attenuation compared with WFBP. There was a strong effect on the mean CT attenuation values of the scanned materials for ring size (P < 0.0001) and dose level (P < 0.0001). The number of voxels in the region of interest for the particular material studied did not demonstrate a significant effect (P > 0.05). The SD was lower with ADMIRE compared with WFBP at all dose levels and ring sizes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The third-generation dual-source CT scanners using third-generation iterative reconstruction methods can acquire accurate quantitative CT images with acceptable image noise at very low-dose levels (0.15 mGy). This opens up new diagnostic and research opportunities in CT phenotyping of the lung for developing new treatments and increased understanding of pulmonary disease.
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Geyer LL, Schoepf UJ, Meinel FG, Nance JW, Bastarrika G, Leipsic JA, Paul NS, Rengo M, Laghi A, De Cecco CN. State of the Art: Iterative CT Reconstruction Techniques. Radiology 2015. [PMID: 26203706 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015132766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas L Geyer
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.)
| | - U Joseph Schoepf
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.)
| | - Felix G Meinel
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.)
| | - John W Nance
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.)
| | - Gorka Bastarrika
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.)
| | - Jonathon A Leipsic
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.)
| | - Narinder S Paul
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.)
| | - Marco Rengo
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.)
| | - Andrea Laghi
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.)
| | - Carlo N De Cecco
- From the Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Ashley River Tower, MSC 226, 25 Courtenay Dr, Charleston, SC 29425 (L.L.G., U.J.S., F.G.M., J.W.N., C.N.D.); Department of Radiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ont, Canada (G.B.); Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada (J.A.L.); Department of Radiology, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont, Canada (N.S.P.); and Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, University of Rome Sapienza-Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy (M.R., A.L., C.N.D.)
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Bennett MJ, Havelock T, Bennett S, Conway J, Fleming J, Howarth P. Regional assessment of lung function using thin-plate splines to align structural and functional imaging. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2015:2928-2931. [PMID: 26736905 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ventilation / perfusion (VQ) Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging provides 3D data of the regional distribution of ventilation and perfusion throughout the lung, but interpretation of the results is difficult without reference to the underlying lung anatomy. Multi-Slice Computed Tomography (MSCT) imaging is able to provide significant anatomical detail in the lung, allowing delineation of regional features such as the lobes. The purpose of this work was to develop software tools to allow the alignment of regions delineated from the MSCT scans, with the corresponding SPECT data, to allow measurements of VQ to be made for anatomically meaningful regions. The technique developed was based on the use of thin-plate splines and the results showed that it was able to provide good alignment between the MSCT and SPECT data.
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Comparison of a New Integral-Based Half-Band Method for CT Measurement of Peripheral Airways in COPD With a Conventional Full-Width Half-Maximum Method Using Both Phantom and Clinical CT Images. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2015; 39:428-36. [PMID: 25700223 DOI: 10.1097/rct.0000000000000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare a new integral-based half-band method (IBHB) and a conventional full-width half-maximum (FWHM) method in measuring peripheral airway dimensions at airway phantoms and thin-section computed tomography of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS The IBHB was validated and compared using airway phantoms and 50 patients with COPD. Airway parameters (wall area percentage [WA%], mean lumen radius, and mean wall thickness) were measured at fourth to sixth generations of the right apical bronchus. Matched results from 2 methods were compared and correlated with forced expiratory volume (FEV) in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1 / forced vital capacity (FVC), and global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) stage. Linear regression analysis was performed using airway dimensions and emphysema index. RESULTS The IBHB generated more accurate measurements at phantom study. Measured airway parameters by both methods at thin-section computed tomography study were significantly different (all P < 0.05, paired t test). The IBHB method-measured WA% and wall thickness were significantly smaller. Mean WA% with IBHB also showed better correlation than that with FWHM (FEV1, r = -0.52 vs -0.28; FEV1 / FVC, r = -0.41 vs r = -0.20; GOLD, 0.52 vs 0.33, respectively). Linear regression analysis revealed fifth-generation WA% measured by IBHB was an independent variable, and addition to emphysema index increased predictability (FEV1, r = 0.63; FEV1 / FVC, r = 0.61; GOLD, r = 0.70). CONCLUSIONS The new IBHB measured peripheral airway dimensions differently than FWHM and showed better correlations with functional parameters in COPD.
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50
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Litmanovich DE, Tack DM, Shahrzad M, Bankier AA. Dose reduction in cardiothoracic CT: review of currently available methods. Radiographics 2015; 34:1469-89. [PMID: 25310412 DOI: 10.1148/rg.346140084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiation exposure from computed tomography (CT) has received much attention lately in the medical literature and the media, given the relatively high radiation dose that characterizes a CT examination. Although there are a variety of possible strategies for reducing radiation exposure from CT in an individual patient, optimal CT image acquisition requires that the radiologist understand new scanner technology and how to implement the most effective means of dose reduction while maintaining image quality. The authors describe a practical approach to dose reduction in cardiothoracic radiology, discussing CT radiation dose metrics (eg, CT dose index, dose-length product, effective diameter, and size-specific dose estimate) as well as CT scanner parameters that directly or indirectly influence radiation dose (eg, scan length, x-ray tube output, tube current modulation, pitch, image reconstruction techniques [including iterative reconstruction], and noise reduction). These variables are discussed in terms of their relative importance to image quality and the implications of parametric changes for image quality and diagnostic content, and practical recommendations are made for their immediate implementation in the clinical setting. Taken together, the principles of physics and key parameters involved in reducing radiation dose while maintaining image quality can serve as a "survival guide" for a diagnostic radiology practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Litmanovich
- From the Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Shapiro 4, Boston, MA 02215 (D.E.L., M.S., A.A.B.); and Department of Radiology, Epicura Hospital, Baudour, Belgium (D.M.T.)
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