1
|
Yang G, Zhou Z, Liu C. Efficacy and safety of combining radiotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a real-world study. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39431538 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2024.2415121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of local radiotherapy (RT) in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is well documented. However, the advent of immunotherapy has raised questions regarding the synergistic survival benefits or potential adverse effects. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore whether a combination of RT and systematic immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can improve the survival outcomes for NSCLC patients. METHODS Based on collected data patients who received RT were defined as the RT group, and those who had not for any site were defined as the non-RT group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to mitigate bias. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), with secondary endpoints including overall survival (OS) and treatment-related adverse events (AEs). RESULTS Out of 709 patients (235 in RT group and 474 in non-RT group) were included, with 213 patients per group. The median PFS of the RT group was better than that of the non-RT group (13.8 months versus 9.5 months; p < 0.0001), although no superiority in median overall survival (OS) of the RT group was observed (p = 0.715). However, among the cohort of patients with ≤3 metastases, the median OS of the RT group improved significantly (HR = 0.60, [95% CI 0.44-0.83]; p = 0.004). Treatment-related AEs occurred in 94.5% of RT group patients and in 94.9% of non-RT group patients (p = 0.792), which indicated no observable increase in AEs from RT. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the tolerability of RT when administered along with immunotherapy, suggesting its potential to positively impact the survival outcomes of NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guanli Yang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chengxin Liu
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang JW, Ji P, Zeng JY, Liang JL, Cheng Q, Liu MD, Chen WH, Zhang XZ. Engineered bacterium-metal-organic framework biohybrids for boosting radiotherapy with multiple effects. Biomaterials 2024; 314:122901. [PMID: 39447307 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia and lactate-overexpressed tumor microenvironment always lead to poor therapeutic effect of radiotherapy. Here, platinum nanoparticles-embellished hafnium metal-organic framework (Hf-MOF-Pt NPs) were elaborately integrated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (SO) to construct an engineered biohybrid platform (SO@Hf-MOF-Pt) for enhancing radiotherapy. Benefiting from the tumor-targeting and metabolic respiration characteristics of SO, SO@Hf-MOF-Pt could enrich in tumor sites and continuously metabolize the overexpressed lactate, which specifically downregulated the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), thereby relieving the radiosuppressive tumor microenvironment to some extent. Moreover, SO@Hf-MOF-Pt would react with tumor-overexpressed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to generate oxygen (O2) and further inhibit the expression of HIF-1α, resulting in the downregulation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) and subsequently reducing the lactate production. Under these multiple cascaded effects, the radiosuppressive tumor microenvironment was significantly reshaped, thus potentiating the radiosentization of SO@Hf-MOF-Pt and remarkably amplifying the therapeutic outcomes of radiotherapy. The designed biohybrid SO@Hf-MOF-Pt represented promising prospects in sensitizing radiotherapy via bacterium-based metabolic regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, PR China
| | - Ping Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Jin-Yue Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Jun-Long Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, PR China
| | - Miao-Deng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, PR China
| | - Wei-Hai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| | - Xian-Zheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education & Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Visa MA, Abazeed ME, Avella Patino D. Integrative Approaches in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Management: The Role of Radiotherapy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4296. [PMID: 39124563 PMCID: PMC11312949 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Treatment guidelines for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) vary by several factors including pathological stage, patient candidacy, and goal of treatment. With many therapeutics and even more combinations available in the NSCLC clinician's toolkit, a multitude of questions remain unanswered vis-a-vis treatment optimization. While some studies have begun exploring the interplay among the many pillars of NSCLC treatment-surgical resection, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy-the vast number of combinations and permutations of different therapy modalities in addition to the modulation of each constituent therapy leaves much to be desired in a field that is otherwise rapidly evolving. Given NSCLC's high incidence and lethality, the experimentation of synergistic benefits that combinatorial treatment may confer presents a ripe target for advancement and increased understanding without the cost and burden of novel drug development. This review introduces, synthesizes, and compares prominent NSCLC therapies, placing emphasis on the interplay among types of therapies and the synergistic benefits some combinatorial therapies have demonstrated over the past several years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime A. Visa
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Mohamed E. Abazeed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Diego Avella Patino
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pham TN, Coupey J, Toutain J, Candéias SM, Simonin G, Rousseau M, Touzani O, Thariat J, Valable S. Early effects of different brain radiotherapy modalities on circulating leucocyte subpopulations in rodents. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:744-755. [PMID: 38466699 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2324471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSES Lymphopenia is extensively studied, but not circulating leucocyte subpopulations, which however have distinct roles in tumor tolerance. Proton therapy has been shown to have a lesser impact on the immune system than conventional X-ray radiotherapy through lower dose exposure to healthy tissues. We explored the differential effects of brain X-ray and proton irradiation on circulating leucocyte subpopulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Leucocyte subpopulation counts from tumor-free mice were obtained 12 hours after 4 fractions of 2.5 Gy. The relationships between irradiation type (X-rays or protons), irradiated volume (whole-brain/hemi-brain) and dose rate (1 or 2 Gy/min) with circulating leucocyte subpopulations (T-CD4+, T-CD8+, B, and NK-cells, neutrophils, and monocytes) were investigated using linear regression and tree-based modeling approaches. Relationships between dose maps (brain, vessels, lymph nodes (LNs)) and leucocyte subpopulations were analyzed and applied to construct the blood dose model, assessing the hypothesis of a direct lymphocyte-killing effect in radiation-induced lymphopenia. RESULTS Radiation-induced lymphopenia occurred after X-ray but not proton brain irradiation in lymphoid subpopulations (T-CD4+, T-CD8+, B, and NK-cells). There was an increase in neutrophil counts following protons but not X-rays. Monocytes remained unchanged under both X-rays and protons. Besides irradiation type, irradiated volume and dose rate had a significant impact on NK-cell, neutrophil and monocyte levels but not T-CD4+, T-CD8+, and B-cells. The dose to the blood had a heterogeneous impact on leucocyte subpopulations: neutrophil counts remained stable with increasing dose to the blood, while lymphocyte counts decreased with increasing dose (T-CD8+-cells > T-CD4+-cells > B-cells > NK-cells). Direct cell-killing effect of the dose to the blood mildly contributed to radiation-induced lymphopenia. LN exposure significantly contributed to lymphopenia and partially explained the distinct impact of irradiation type on circulating lymphocytes. CONCLUSIONS Leucocyte subpopulations reacted differently to X-ray or proton brain irradiation. This difference could be partly explained by LN exposure to radiation dose. Further researches and analyses on other biological processes and interactions between leucocyte subpopulations are ongoing. The various mechanisms underlying leucocyte subpopulation changes under different irradiation modalities may have implications for the choice of radiotherapy modalities and their combination with immunotherapy in brain cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thao-Nguyen Pham
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
- Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire UMR6534 IN2P3/ENSICAEN, France - Normandie Université, France
| | - Julie Coupey
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Toutain
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Serge M Candéias
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM-UMR5249, Grenoble, France
| | - Gaël Simonin
- CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marc Rousseau
- CNRS, IPHC, UMR 7178, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Omar Touzani
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Juliette Thariat
- Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire UMR6534 IN2P3/ENSICAEN, France - Normandie Université, France
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, Normandy, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CNRS, ISTCT, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marino N, Bedeschi M, Vaccari ME, Cambiaghi M, Tesei A. Glitches in the brain: the dangerous relationship between radiotherapy and brain fog. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1328361. [PMID: 38515789 PMCID: PMC10956129 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1328361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Up to approximately 70% of cancer survivors report persistent deficits in memory, attention, speed of information processing, multi-tasking, and mental health functioning, a series of symptoms known as "brain fog." The severity and duration of such effects can vary depending on age, cancer type, and treatment regimens. In particular, every year, hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide undergo radiotherapy (RT) for primary brain tumors and brain metastases originating from extracranial tumors. Besides its potential benefits in the control of tumor progression, recent studies indicate that RT reprograms the brain tumor microenvironment inducing increased activation of microglia and astrocytes and a consequent general condition of neuroinflammation that in case it becomes chronic could lead to a cognitive decline. Furthermore, radiation can induce endothelium reticulum (ER) stress directly or indirectly by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) activating compensatory survival signaling pathways in the RT-surviving fraction of healthy neuronal and glial cells. In particular, the anomalous accumulation of misfolding proteins in neuronal cells exposed to radiation as a consequence of excessive activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) could pave the way to neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, exposure of cells to ionizing radiation was also shown to affect the normal proteasome activity, slowing the degradation rate of misfolded proteins, and further exacerbating ER-stress conditions. This compromises several neuronal functions, with neuronal accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins with a consequent switch from proteasome to immunoproteasome that increases neuroinflammation, a crucial risk factor for neurodegeneration. The etiology of brain fog remains elusive and can arise not only during treatment but can also persist for an extended period after the end of RT. In this review, we will focus on the molecular pathways triggered by radiation therapy affecting cognitive functions and potentially at the origin of so-called "brain fog" symptomatology, with the aim to define novel therapeutic strategies to preserve healthy brain tissue from cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Marino
- Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Martina Bedeschi
- Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Melania Elettra Vaccari
- Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Marco Cambiaghi
- Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Tesei
- Bioscience Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gallitto M, Pan PC, Chan MD, Milano MT, Wang TJC. The role of radiotherapy in immunotherapy strategies in the central nervous system. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:S66-S75. [PMID: 38437664 PMCID: PMC10911795 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The clinical efficacy and relative tolerability of adverse effects of immune checkpoint immunotherapy have led to its increasingly routine use in the management of multiple advanced solid malignancies. Radiation therapy (RT) is well-known to have both local and distant immunomodulatory effects, which has led to extensive investigation into the synergism of these 2 therapies. While the central nervous system (CNS) has historically been thought to be a sanctuary site, well-protected by the blood-brain barrier from the effects of immunotherapy, over the last several years studies have shown the benefits of these drugs, particularly in metastatic disease involving the CNS. This review explores current progress and the future of combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and RT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gallitto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter C Pan
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York , USA
| | - Michael D Chan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael T Milano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Tony J C Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khorasani M. Role of cGAS-STING in colorectal cancer: A new window for treatment strategies. Cytokine 2024; 173:156422. [PMID: 37948979 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common and deadly form of cancer, leading to the need for new therapeutic targets and strategies for treatment. Recent studies have shown the cGAS-STING pathway to be a promising target for cancer therapy. The cGAS-STING pathway is a part of the innate immune system and serves to identify DNA damage and viral infection, promoting an immune response. Activation of this pathway leads to the production of immune mediators, such as type I interferons, that activate immune cells to attack cancer cells. Research has identified the cGAS-STING pathway as a frequently dysregulated component in CRC, promoting tumor growth and metastasis, or leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. The modulation of this pathway presents a potential therapeutic approach, either activating or inhibiting the pathway to enhance the immune response and prevent inflammation, respectively. Developing drugs that can modulate the cGAS-STING pathway offers promise for improving treatment outcomes for CRC patients. The present review explores recent research on the role of cGAS-STING in CRC and highlights the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Khorasani
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alimohammadi M, Ghaffari-Nazari H, Alimohammadi R, Bakhshandeh M, Jalali SA, Rezaei N. Radiotherapy Combination: Insight from Tumor Immune Microenvironment (TIME). Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2023; 15:209-215. [PMID: 38078341 PMCID: PMC10709758 DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v15i4.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The view of Radiotherapy (RT) as a simple inducer of DNA damage resulting in tumor cell death has dramatically changed in recent years, and it is now widely accepted that RT can trigger an immune response which provides a sound basis for combining RT with immunotherapy. Given that, radiation can be delivered with different regimens, its effect on immune responses and Tumor Immune Microenvironment (TIME) may vary with dose and fractionation schedule. This fractional dose dependency may need to be more considered because of recent developments in RT delivery techniques making it possible to deliver precisely higher dosages per fraction (hypofractionation) while reducing exposure to normal tissues. Although combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy could be a promising strategy for synergistic enhancement of treatment efficacy, the selection of the best-matched combination of immunotherapy with each radiotherapy scheme remains to be addressed. Thus, for designing better therapeutic combinations, it is necessary to understand the immunological effects of RT. Here, we review the impact of conventional and different hypofractionation radiation schedules on the TIME. Subsequently, we highlight how knowing about these interactions may have implications for choosing a rational combination with targeted therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Ghaffari-Nazari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Alimohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bakhshandeh
- Department of Radiology Technology, Allied Medical Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Amir Jalali
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Thabet NM, Abdel-Rafei MK, Amin MM. Fractionated whole body γ-irradiation aggravates arthritic severity via boosting NLRP3 and RANKL expression in adjuvant-induced arthritis model: the mitigative potential of ebselen. Inflammopharmacology 2023:10.1007/s10787-023-01238-5. [PMID: 37131046 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-023-01238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune chronic inflammatory disease associated with oxidative stress that causes excruciating pain, discomfort, and joint destruction. Ebselen (EB), a synthesized versatile organo-selenium compound, protects cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced injury by mimicking glutathione peroxidase (GPx) action. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of EB in an arthritic irradiated model. This goal was achieved by subjecting adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats to fractionated whole body γ-irradiation (2 Gy/fraction once per week for 3 consecutive weeks, for a total dose of 6 Gy) and treating them with EB (20 mg/kg/day, p.o) or methotrexate (MTX; 0.05 mg/kg; twice/week, i.p) as a reference anti-RA drug. The arthritic clinical signs, oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers, inflammatory response, expression of NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP-3) inflammasome, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), apoptotic indicators (caspase 1 and caspase 3), cartilage integrity marker (collagen-II), and histopathological examination of ankle joints were assessed. EB notably improved the severity of arthritic clinical signs, alleviated joint histopathological lesions, modulated oxidative stress and inflammation in serum and synovium, as well as reduced NLRP-3, RANKL, and caspase3 expression while boosting collagen-II expression in the ankle joints of arthritic and arthritic irradiated rats with comparable potency to MTX. Our findings suggest that EB, through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, has anti-arthritic and radioprotective properties in an arthritic irradiated model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noura M Thabet
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor Street, Nasr City, P.O. Box 29, Cairo, 11787, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed K Abdel-Rafei
- Radiation Biology Department, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, 3 Ahmed El-Zomor Street, Nasr City, P.O. Box 29, Cairo, 11787, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Amin
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Oh J, Jang H, Koh HR, Ham SW. Transport Mechanism for Nuclear Localization of Irradiation-Activated EGFR Measured by Single-Molecule Pull-Down Assay. Biochemistry 2023; 62:971-975. [PMID: 36744831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear transport of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is considered to be a key cause of radiation resistance in cancer therapy. Here, we showed that irradiation-activated EGFR binds to the nuclear transport protein karyopherin alpha (KPNA) rather than karyopherin subunit beta 1 (KPNB1), through a single-molecule pull-down assay, which allows measurement of the binding affinity by single proteins in cell lysate without an additional purification step. We also obtained kinetic parameters for the binding between the phosphorylated nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptide of EGFR (645RRRHIVRKRpTLRR657) and KPNA. This observation may help developing small molecules to modulate nuclear transport, which potentially reduces the radiation resistance during irradiation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeun Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Ran Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Wook Ham
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Qingya P, Yizhong F, Fuke Z, Shengjie L, Linzhao T, Yuling L. STANDARD-DEVIATION BASED CONFORMITY INDEX FOR EVALUATING TREATMENT PLAN OF INTENSITY MODULATED RADIOTHERAPY IN LUNG CANCER. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:87-94. [PMID: 36420536 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper attempts to find a new conformity index (CI) calculation method with slice and angle information for evaluating lung cancer radiation treatment plan. A total of 20 lung cancer patients in 2016-2019 were selected. Treatment plans were made for each patient. Parameters used in the process of making treatment plans were set the same. The CI and the standard-deviation based CI (SDCI) that contains angle and slice information were calculated. Comparison of results calculated with SDCI and CI were made. The results of the two methods for the patients showed the same trend. Different shapes of simulated dose distribution line shows SDCI can provide more detail information about the target area. Special shapes of simulated dose distribution line for SDCI showed inaccuracy in angle information. The parameter SDCI has more advantage towards the traditional CI for it can provide angle and slice information. However, more angles need to be calculated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pan Qingya
- Department of Chemo-Radiotherapy Oncology, QingHe Center Hospital, 80 SanYang Road, Qinghe, 054800 HeBei, China
| | - Fan Yizhong
- Department of Chemo-Radiotherapy Oncology, QingHe Center Hospital, 80 SanYang Road, Qinghe, 054800 HeBei, China
| | - Zhang Fuke
- Department of Chemo-Radiotherapy Oncology, QingHe Center Hospital, 80 SanYang Road, Qinghe, 054800 HeBei, China
| | - Luan Shengjie
- Department of Chemo-Radiotherapy Oncology, QingHe Center Hospital, 80 SanYang Road, Qinghe, 054800 HeBei, China
| | - Tian Linzhao
- Department of Chemo-Radiotherapy Oncology, QingHe Center Hospital, 80 SanYang Road, Qinghe, 054800 HeBei, China
| | - Lv Yuling
- Department of Chemo-Radiotherapy Oncology, QingHe Center Hospital, 80 SanYang Road, Qinghe, 054800 HeBei, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Al-Qadami G, Bowen J, Van Sebille Y, Secombe K, Dorraki M, Verjans J, Wardill H, Le H. Baseline gut microbiota composition is associated with oral mucositis and tumour recurrence in patients with head and neck cancer: a pilot study. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:98. [PMID: 36607434 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mounting evidence suggests that the gut microbiome influences radiotherapy efficacy and toxicity by modulating immune signalling. However, its contribution to radiotherapy outcomes in head and neck cancer (HNC) is yet to be investigated. This study, therefore, aimed to uncover associations between an individual's pre-therapy gut microbiota and (i) severity of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis (OM), and (ii) recurrence risk in patients with HNC. METHODS In this prospective pilot study, 20 patients with HNC scheduled to receive radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy were recruited. Stool samples were collected before treatment and microbial composition was analysed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. OM severity was assessed using the NCI-CTCAE scoring system. Patients were also followed for 12 months of treatment completion to assess tumour recurrence. RESULTS Overall, 80% of the patients were male with a median age of 65.5 years. Fifty-three percent experienced mild/moderate OM while 47% developed severe OM. Furthermore, 18% experienced tumour relapse within 1 year of treatment completion. A pre-treatment microbiota enriched of Eubacterium, Victivallis, and Ruminococcus was associated with severe OM. Conversely, a higher relative abundance of immunomodulatory microbes Faecalibacterium, Prevotella, and Phascolarctobacterium was associated with a lower risk of tumour recurrence. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that a patient's gut microbiota composition at the start of treatment is linked to OM severity and recurrence risk. We now seek to validate these findings to determine their ability to predict treatment outcomes in HNC, with the goal of using this data to inform second-generation microbial therapeutics to optimise treatment outcomes for patients with HNC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghanyah Al-Qadami
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Joanne Bowen
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ysabella Van Sebille
- UniSA Online, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Kate Secombe
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mohsen Dorraki
- Australian Institute for Machine Learning (AIML), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme (Platform AI), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Johan Verjans
- Australian Institute for Machine Learning (AIML), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Lifelong Health Theme (Platform AI), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hannah Wardill
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme (Cancer), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hien Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Huang KCY, Lai CY, Hung WZ, Chang HY, Lin PC, Chiang SF, Ke TW, Liang JA, Shiau AC, Yang PC, Chen WTL, Chao KSC. A Novel Engineered AAV-Based Neoantigen Vaccine in Combination with Radiotherapy Eradicates Tumors. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:123-136. [PMID: 36315960 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The potency of tumor-specific antigen (TSA) vaccines, such as neoantigen (neoAg)-based cancer vaccines, can be compromised by host immune checkpoint inhibitory mechanisms, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), that attenuate neoAg presentation on dendritic cells (DC) and hinder T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. To overcome PD-1/PD-L1 inhibition in DCs, we developed a novel adeno-associated virus (meAAV) neoAg vaccine, modified with TLR9 inhibitory fragments, PD-1 trap, and PD-L1 miRNA, which extend the persistence of meAAV and activate neoAg-specific T-cell responses in immune-competent colorectal and breast cancer murine models. Moreover, we found that in combination with radiotherapy, the meAAV-based neoAg cancer vaccine not only elicited higher antigen presentation ability, but also maintained neoAg-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. These functional PD-1 traps and PD-L1 miRNAs overcome host PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitory mechanisms and boost the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy. More importantly, combined radiotherapy and meAAV neoAg cancer vaccines significantly enhanced neoAg-specific CTL responses, increased CTL infiltration in tumor microenvironment, and decreased tumor-associated immunosuppression. This process led to the complete elimination of colorectal cancer and delayed tumor growth of breast cancer in tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, our results demonstrated a novel strategy that combines neoAg cancer vaccine and radiotherapy to increase the therapeutic efficacy against colorectal and breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Translation Research Core, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Lai
- Center of Proton Therapy and Science, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ze Hung
- Center of Proton Therapy and Science, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Chang
- Center of Proton Therapy and Science, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Lin
- Center of Proton Therapy and Science, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Chiang
- Lab of Precision Medicine, Feng-Yuan Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Wei Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ji-An Liang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - An-Cheng Shiau
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chen Yang
- Center of Proton Therapy and Science, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - William Tzu-Liang Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, China Medical University HsinChu Hospital, China Medical University, HsinChu, Taiwan
| | - K S Clifford Chao
- Center of Proton Therapy and Science, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Freitas Saito R, Ferreira IN, Rangel MC, Chammas R. Reverse Transfection of Functional RNA Rings into Cancer Cells Followed by in Vitro Irradiation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2709:263-276. [PMID: 37572287 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3417-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
RNA nanoparticles are promising therapeutic platforms to improve radiotherapy since they can be functionalized with multiple small interfering RNAs (RNAi) to simultaneously silence critical radioresistance genes. Here we describe the transfer of RNA rings to mammalian cancer cells through reverse transfection, followed by in vitro irradiation and biological assays as surrogates' endpoints for radiotherapy efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Freitas Saito
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabella Nevoni Ferreira
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Rangel
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Comprehensive Center for Precision Oncology, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Laurent PA, Morel D, Meziani L, Depil S, Deutsch E. Radiotherapy as a means to increase the efficacy of T-cell therapy in solid tumors. Oncoimmunology 2022; 12:2158013. [PMID: 36567802 PMCID: PMC9788698 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2158013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells have demonstrated significant improvements in the treatment of refractory B-cell malignancies that previously showed limited survival. In contrast, early-phase clinical studies targeting solid tumors have been disappointing. This may be due to both a lack of specific and homogeneously expressed targets at the surface of tumor cells, as well as intrinsic properties of the solid tumor microenvironment that limit homing and activation of adoptive T cells. Faced with these antagonistic conditions, radiotherapy (RT) has the potential to change the overall tumor landscape, from depleting tumor cells to reshaping the tumor microenvironment. In this article, we describe the current landscape and discuss how RT may play a pivotal role for enhancing the efficacy of adoptive T-cell therapies in solid tumors. Indeed, by improving homing, expansion and activation of infused T cells while reducing tumor volume and heterogeneity, the use of RT could help the implementation of engineered T cells in the treatment of solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Antoine Laurent
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; UNICANCER, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiation Therapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris-Saclay, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | - Daphne Morel
- Drug Development Department (D.I.T.E.P), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; UNICANCER, Villejuif, France
| | - Lydia Meziani
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiation Therapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris-Saclay, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Eric Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus; UNICANCER, Villejuif, France
- INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiation Therapy and Therapeutic Innovation, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, University of Paris-Saclay, SIRIC SOCRATE, Villejuif, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Makandar AI, Jain M, Yuba E, Sethi G, Gupta RK. Canvassing Prospects of Glyco-Nanovaccines for Developing Cross-Presentation Mediated Anti-Tumor Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122049. [PMID: 36560459 PMCID: PMC9784904 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the severe downsides of conventional cancer therapies, the quest of developing alternative strategies still remains of critical importance. In this regard, antigen cross-presentation, usually employed by dendritic cells (DCs), has been recognized as a potential solution to overcome the present impasse in anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. It has been established that an elevated cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against cancer cells can be achieved by targeting receptors expressed on DCs with specific ligands. Glycans are known to serve as ligands for C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed on DCs, and are also known to act as a tumor-associated antigen (TAA), and, thus, can be harnessed as a potential immunotherapeutic target. In this scenario, integrating the knowledge of cross-presentation and glycan-conjugated nanovaccines can help us to develop so called 'glyco-nanovaccines' (GNVs) for targeting DCs. Here, we briefly review and analyze the potential of GNVs as the next-generation anti-tumor immunotherapy. We have compared different antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for their ability to cross-present antigens and described the potential nanocarriers for tumor antigen cross-presentation. Further, we discuss the role of glycans in targeting of DCs, the immune response due to pathogens, and imitative approaches, along with parameters, strategies, and challenges involved in cross-presentation-based GNVs for cancer immunotherapy. It is known that the effectiveness of GNVs in eradicating tumors by inducing strong CTL response in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been largely hindered by tumor glycosylation and the expression of different lectin receptors (such as galectins) by cancer cells. Tumor glycan signatures can be sensed by a variety of lectins expressed on immune cells and mediate the immune suppression which, in turn, facilitates immune evasion. Therefore, a sound understanding of the glycan language of cancer cells, and glycan-lectin interaction between the cancer cells and immune cells, would help in strategically designing the next-generation GNVs for anti-tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina I. Makandar
- Protein Biochemistry Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mannat Jain
- Protein Biochemistry Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India
| | - Eiji Yuba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (G.S.); or (R.K.G.)
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (G.S.); or (R.K.G.)
| | - Rajesh Kumar Gupta
- Protein Biochemistry Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology & Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune 411033, Maharashtra, India
- Correspondence: (E.Y.); (G.S.); or (R.K.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gadelha RB, Machado CB, Pessoa FMCDP, Pantoja LDC, Barreto IV, Ribeiro RM, de Moraes Filho MO, de Moraes MEA, Khayat AS, Moreira-Nunes CA. The Role of WRAP53 in Cell Homeostasis and Carcinogenesis Onset. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5498-5515. [PMID: 36354684 PMCID: PMC9688736 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44110372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The WD repeat containing antisense to TP53 (WRAP53) gene codifies an antisense transcript for tumor protein p53 (TP53), stabilization (WRAP53α), and a functional protein (WRAP53β, WDR79, or TCAB1). The WRAP53β protein functions as a scaffolding protein that is important for telomerase localization, telomere assembly, Cajal body integrity, and DNA double-strand break repair. WRAP53β is one of many proteins known for containing WD40 domains, which are responsible for mediating a variety of cell interactions. Currently, WRAP53 overexpression is considered a biomarker for a diverse subset of cancer types, and in this study, we describe what is known about WRAP53β's multiple interactions in cell protein trafficking, Cajal body formation, and DNA double-strand break repair and its current perspectives as a biomarker for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Brito Gadelha
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Caio Bezerra Machado
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Flávia Melo Cunha de Pinho Pessoa
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Laudreísa da Costa Pantoja
- Department of Pediatrics, Octávio Lobo Children’s Hospital, Belém 60430-275, PA, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil
| | - Igor Valentim Barreto
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes Filho
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabete Amaral de Moraes
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
| | - André Salim Khayat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil
| | - Caroline Aquino Moreira-Nunes
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60430-275, CE, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oncology Research Center, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66073-005, PA, Brazil
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Itaperi Campus, Ceará State University, Fortaleza 60740-903, CE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Elmas O, Sahin HHK, Guven B, Abuzaid MM, Elshami W, ALMisned G, Zakaly HMH, Ene A, Tekin HO. A focusing study on radioprotective and antioxidant effects of Annona muricata leaf extract in the circulation and liver tissue: Clinical and experimental studies. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study investigates the effect of Annona muricata (AM) leaf extract against irradiation-induced damage by the evaluation of hepatic tissue and the levels of oxidative and inflammatory stress in the circulation.
Methods
An experimental study with 37 female Wistar albino rats randomized into four groups (controls and three intervention groups) was performed. The first interventional group (group 2) received 300 mg/kg of AM leaf extract by oral gavage once a day for 9 days, group 3 received a single dose of whole-body radiation (8.3 Gy) after a 9-day oral gavage treatment with saline, and the last group received the same irradiation of 8.3 Gy after being treated with 300 mg/kg of AM leaf extract by oral gavage once a day for 9 days.
Results
Radiation was found to elevate reactive oxygen species parameters, and AM administration before irradiation was found to decrease total oxidant status (TOS), increase caspase 9, and improve hepatic damage when compared with the group that received only irradiation.
Conclusion
The damage caused by irradiation may be ameliorated by the use of the AM extract, which appears to be effective in preventing oxidative stress and inflammatory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Elmas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Bulent Ecevit University Practice and Research Hospital , Zonguldak , Turkey
| | - Havva Hande Keser Sahin
- Department of Pathology, Hitit University Corum Training and Research Hospital , Corum , Turkey
| | - Berrak Guven
- Department of Biochemistry, Bulent Ecevit University Practice and Research Hospital , Zonguldak , Turkey
| | - Mohamed M. Abuzaid
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates
| | - Wiam Elshami
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghada ALMisned
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University , P.O. Box 84428 , Riyadh 11671 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham M. H. Zakaly
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University , 620002 Ekaterinburg , Russia
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University , Assiut 71524 , Egypt
| | - Antoaneta Ene
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, INPOLDE Research Center, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati , 47 Domneasca Street , 800008 Galati , Romania
| | - Huseyin Ozan Tekin
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah , Sharjah , United Arab Emirates
- Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University , Istanbul , 34396 , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Specific Targeting of Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Proteins as a Radiosensitizing Approach in Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147850. [PMID: 35887198 PMCID: PMC9319836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Avoidance of therapy-induced apoptosis is a hallmark of acquired resistance towards radiotherapy. Thus, breaking resistance still challenges modern cancer therapy. The Bcl-2 protein family is known for its regulatory role in apoptosis signaling, making Bcl-2, Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL promising targets. This study evaluates the effects of highly specific inhibitors for Bcl-xL (WEHI-539), Bcl-2 (ABT-199) and Mcl-1 (S63845) as radiosensitizers. Covering a broad spectrum of solid tumors, Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) and synovial sarcoma cell lines were exposed to fractionated radiation as standard therapy with or without Bcl-2 protein inhibition. Protein expression was detected by Western blot and cell death was assessed by flow cytometry measuring apoptosis. In contrast to NSCLC, a high level of Bcl-xL and its upregulation during radiotherapy indicated radioresistance in HNSCC and synovial sarcoma. Radioresistant cell lines across all entities benefited synergistically from combined therapy with Bcl-xL inhibition and fractionated radiation. In NSCLC cell lines, Mcl-1 inhibition significantly augmented radiotherapy independent of the expression level. Our data suggest that among antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins, targeting Bcl-xL may break resistance to radiation in HNSCC, synovial sarcoma and NSCLC in vitro. In NSCLC, Mcl-1 might be a promising target that needs further investigation.
Collapse
|
20
|
Yan D, Zhao Q, Du Z, Li H, Geng R, Yang W, Zhang X, Cao J, Yi N, Zhou J, Tang Z. Development and validation of an immune-related gene signature for predicting the radiosensitivity of lower-grade gliomas. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6698. [PMID: 35461367 PMCID: PMC9035187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important treatment modality for lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) patients. This analysis was conducted to develop an immune-related radiosensitivity gene signature to predict the survival of LGGs patients who received radiotherapy. The clinical and RNA sequencing data of LGGs were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). Lasso regression analyses were used to construct a 21-gene signature to identify the LGGs patients who could benefit from radiotherapy. Based on this radiosensitivity signature, patients were classified into a radiosensitive (RS) group and a radioresistant (RR) group. According to the Kaplan–Meier analysis results of the TCGA dataset and the two CGGA validation datasets, the RS group had a higher overall survival rate than that of the RR group. This gene signature was RT-specific and an independent prognostic indicator. The nomogram model performed well in predicting 3-, and 5-year survival of LGGs patients after radiotherapy by this gene signature and other clinical factors (age, sex, grade, IDH mutations, 1p/19q codeletion). In summary, this signature is a powerful supplement to the prognostic factors of LGGs patients with radiotherapy and may provide an opportunity to incorporate individual tumor biology into clinical decision making in radiation oncology.
Collapse
|
21
|
Koka K, Verma A, Dwarakanath BS, Papineni RVL. Technological Advancements in External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT): An Indispensable Tool for Cancer Treatment. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:1421-1429. [PMID: 35431581 PMCID: PMC9012312 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s351744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent technological advancements have increased the efficacy of radiotherapy, leading to effective management of cancer patients with enhanced patient survival and improved quality of life. Several important developments like multileaf collimator, integration of imaging techniques like positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT), involvement of advanced dose calculation algorithms, and delivery techniques have increased tumor dose distribution and decreased normal tissue toxicity. Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), stereotactic radiotherapy, image-guided radiotherapy (IGT), and particle therapy have facilitated the planning procedures, accurate tumor delineation, and dose estimation for effective personalized treatment. In this review, we present the technological advancements in various types of EBRT methods and discuss their clinical utility and associated limitations. We also reveal novel approaches of using biocompatible yttrium oxide scintillator-photosensitizer complex (YSM) that can generate X-ray induced cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, facilitating X-ray activated photodynamic therapy (XPDT (external beam) and/or iXPDT (internal X-ray source)) and azido-derivatives of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) as agents for site-specific radiation-induced DNA damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bilikere S Dwarakanath
- Central Research Facility, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Rao V L Papineni
- PACT & Health LLC, Branford, CT, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yan D, Cai S, Bai L, Du Z, Li H, Sun P, Cao J, Yi N, Liu SB, Tang Z. Integration of immune and hypoxia gene signatures improves the prediction of radiosensitivity in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:1222-1240. [PMID: 35411250 PMCID: PMC8984882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunity and hypoxia are two important factors that affect the response of cancer patients to radiotherapy. At the same time, considering the limited predictive value of a single predictive model and the uncertainty of grouping patients near the cutoff value, we developed and validated a combined model based on immune- and hypoxia-related gene expression profiles to predict the radiosensitivity of breast cancer patients. This study was based on breast cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Spike-and-slab Lasso regression analysis was performed to select three immune-related genes and develop a radiosensitivity model. Lasso Cox regression modeling selected 11 hypoxia-related genes for development of radiosensitivity model. Three independent datasets (Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium [METABRIC], E-TABM-158, GSE103746) were used to validate the predictive value of radiosensitivity signatures. In the TCGA dataset, the 10-year survival probabilities of the immune radioresistant (IRR) and hypoxia radioresistant (HRR) groups were 0.189 (0.037, 0.973) and 0.477 (0.293, 0.776), respectively. The 10-year survival probabilities of the immune radiosensitive (IRS) and hypoxia radiosensitive (HRS) groups were 0.778 (0.676, 0.895) and 0.824 (0.723, 0.939), respectively. Based on these two gene signatures, we further constructed a combined model and divided all patients into three groups (IRS/HRS, mixed, IRR/HRR). We identified the IRS/HRS patients most likely to benefit from radiotherapy; the 10-year survival probability was 0.886 (0.806, 0.976). The 10-year survival probability of the IRR/HRR group was 0. In conclusion, a combined model integrating immune- and hypoxia-related gene signatures could effectively predict the radiosensitivity of breast cancer and more accurately identify radiosensitive and radioresistant patients than a single model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derui Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health CollegeSuzhou 215009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shang Cai
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health CollegeSuzhou 215009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zixuan Du
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215031, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nengjun Yi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Song-Bai Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health CollegeSuzhou 215009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zaixiang Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yu S, Wang Y, He P, Shao B, Liu F, Xiang Z, Yang T, Zeng Y, He T, Ma J, Wang X, Liu L. Effective Combinations of Immunotherapy and Radiotherapy for Cancer Treatment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:809304. [PMID: 35198442 PMCID: PMC8858950 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.809304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Though single tumor immunotherapy and radiotherapy have significantly improved the survival rate of tumor patients, there are certain limitations in overcoming tumor metastasis, recurrence, and reducing side effects. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new tumor treatment methods. The new combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy shows promise in improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing recurrence by enhancing the ability of the immune system to recognize and eradicate tumor cells, to overcome tumor immune tolerance mechanisms. Nanomaterials, as new drug-delivery-system materials of the 21st century, can maintain the activity of drugs, improve drug targeting, and reduce side effects in tumor immunotherapy. Additionally, nanomaterials, as radiosensitizers, have shown great potential in tumor radiotherapy due to their unique properties, such as light, heat, electromagnetic effects. Here, we review the mechanisms of tumor immunotherapy and radiotherapy and the synergy of radiotherapy with multiple types of immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), tumor vaccines, adoptive cell therapy, and cytokine therapy. Finally, we propose the potential for nanomaterials in tumor radiotherapy and immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siting Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping He
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bianfei Shao
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongzheng Xiang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zeng
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiachun Ma
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiran Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
IGF-I and Hyaluronic Acid Mitigate the Negative Effect of Irradiation on Human Skin Keratinocytes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030588. [PMID: 35158856 PMCID: PMC8833477 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Patients undergoing radiation therapy for the treatment of various types of cancer often experience side effects such as radiation dermatitis. A gold standard treatment is still lacking. The objective of the present study was to find novel therapeutic strategies for the regeneration and repair of damaged skin areas after irradiation. An in vitro 2D and 3D primary keratinocyte model was used to test the effect of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), platelet lysate (PL), hyaluronic acid (HA), and adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) conditioned medium on the functional abilities (viability, migration) and the gene expression of irradiated keratinocytes. Hyaluronic acid and IGF-I effectively reduced the irradiation damage of primary keratinocytes by stimulating viability and migration and reducing cell apoptosis and necrosis. These findings indicate that the negative effects of irradiation on keratinocytes located in the patient’s skin can be counterbalanced with HA and IGF-I treatment. Abstract Ionizing radiation has become an integral part of modern cancer therapy regimens. Various side effects, such as radiation dermatitis, affect patients in acute and chronic forms and decrease therapy compliance significantly. In this study, primary keratinocytes were irradiated in a 2-dimensional (2D) culture as well as on a 3-dimensional (3D) collagen-elastin matrix with doses of 2 and 5 Gy. The effect of different concentrations of IGF-I, KGF, platelet lysate (PL), high and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (H-HA, L-HA), and adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) conditioned medium was analyzed in respect to cell viability (WST-8), wound closure (migration), and the gene expression (quantitative real-time PCR) of 2D cultures. The 3D culture was evaluated by WST-8. A mixture of H-HA and L-HA, as well as IGF-I, could significantly stimulate the keratinocyte viability and migration which were severely reduced by irradiation. The MKI67and IL6 gene expression of irradiated keratinocytes was significantly higher after H-HA/L-HA treatment. The stimulating effects of H-HA/L-HA and IGF-I were able to be confirmed in 3D culture. A positive influence on cell viability, migration, and gene expression was achieved after the treatment with H-L-HA and IGF-I. These results open the possibility of a novel therapeutic method for both the prevention and the treatment of radiation dermatitis.
Collapse
|
25
|
Moving towards the Future of Radio-Immunotherapy: Could We “Tailor” the Abscopal Effect on Head and Neck Cancer Patients? IMMUNO 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno1040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The abscopal effect (AbE) is defined as radiation-induced shrinkage of distant, non-treated, neoplastic lesions and it is considered the best clinical picture of the efficient immune stimulation by irradiation. The first report about abscopal tumor regression upon radiotherapy dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. The growing preclinical and clinical synergism between radiation and immunotherapy gave birth the purpose to more easily reproduce the abscopal effect, nevertheless, it is still rare in clinical practice. In this review we summarize immunological modulation of radiotherapy, focusing on the well-balanced equilibrium of tumor microenvironment and how radio-immunotherapy combinations can perturb it, with particular attention on head and neck squamous cell cancer. Finally, we investigate future perspectives, with the aim to “tailor” the abscopal effect to the patient.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tortora M, Cordelli E, Sicilia R, Miele M, Matteucci P, Iannello G, Ramella S, Soda P. Deep Reinforcement Learning for Fractionated Radiotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Artif Intell Med 2021; 119:102137. [PMID: 34531006 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2021.102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is by far the leading cause of cancer death among both men and women. Radiation therapy is one of the main approaches to lung cancer treatment, and its planning is crucial for the therapy outcome. However, the current practice that uniformly delivers the dose does not take into account the patient-specific tumour features that may affect treatment success. Since radiation therapy is by its very nature a sequential procedure, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is a well-suited methodology to overcome this limitation. In this respect, in this work we present a DRL controller optimizing the daily dose fraction delivered to the patient on the basis of CT scans collected over time during the therapy, offering a personalized treatment not only for volume adaptation, as currently intended, but also for daily fractionation. Furthermore, this contribution introduces a virtual radiotherapy environment based on a set of ordinary differential equations modelling the tissue radiosensitivity by combining both the effect of the radiotherapy treatment and cell growth. Their parameters are estimated from CT scans routinely collected using the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. This permits the DRL to learn the optimal behaviour through an iterative trial and error process with the environment. We performed several experiments considering three rewards functions modelling treatment strategies with different tissue aggressiveness and two exploration strategies for the exploration-exploitation dilemma. The results show that our DRL approach can adapt to radiation therapy treatment, optimizing its behaviour according to the different reward functions and outperforming the current clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tortora
- Unit of Computer Systems & Bioinformatics, Department of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Roma, Italy.
| | - Ermanno Cordelli
- Unit of Computer Systems & Bioinformatics, Department of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Roma, Italy.
| | - Rosa Sicilia
- Unit of Computer Systems & Bioinformatics, Department of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Roma, Italy.
| | - Marianna Miele
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Roma, Italy.
| | - Paolo Matteucci
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Roma, Italy.
| | - Giulio Iannello
- Unit of Computer Systems & Bioinformatics, Department of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Roma, Italy.
| | - Sara Ramella
- Radiation Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Roma, Italy.
| | - Paolo Soda
- Unit of Computer Systems & Bioinformatics, Department of Engineering, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Roma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Podolska MJ, Shan X, Janko C, Boukherroub R, Gaipl US, Szunerits S, Frey B, Muñoz LE. Graphene-Induced Hyperthermia (GIHT) Combined With Radiotherapy Fosters Immunogenic Cell Death. Front Oncol 2021; 11:664615. [PMID: 34485114 PMCID: PMC8415397 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.664615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the standard interventions for cancer patients, although cancer cells often develop radio- and/or chemoresistance. Hyperthermia reduces tumor resistance and induces immune responses resulting in a better prognosis. We have previously described a method to induce tumor cell death by local hyperthermia employing pegylated reduced graphene oxide nanosheets and near infrared light (graphene-induced hyperthermia, GIHT). The spatiotemporal exposure/release of heat shock proteins (HSP), high group mobility box 1 protein (HMGB1), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are reported key inducers of immunogenic cell death (ICD). We hypothesize that GIHT decisively contributes to induce ICD in irradiated melanoma B16F10 cells, especially in combination with radiotherapy. Therefore, we investigated the immunogenicity of GIHT alone or in combination with radiotherapy in melanoma B16F10 cells. Tumor cell death in vitro revealed features of apoptosis that is progressing fast into secondary necrosis. Both HSP70 and HMGB1/DNA complexes were detected 18 hours post GIHT treatment, whereas the simultaneous release of ATP and HMGB1/DNA was observed only 24 hours post combined treatment. We further confirmed the adjuvant potential of these released DAMPs by immunization/challenge experiments. The inoculation of supernatants of cells exposed to sole GIHT resulted in tumor growth at the site of inoculation. The immunization with cells exposed to sole radiotherapy rather fostered the growth of secondary tumors in vivo. Contrarily, a discreet reduction of secondary tumor volumes was observed in mice immunized with a single dose of cells and supernatants treated with the combination of GIHT and irradiation. We propose the simultaneous release of several DAMPs as a potential mechanism fostering anti-tumor immunity against previously irradiated cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata J Podolska
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiaomei Shan
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, Lille, France
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luis E Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mei J, Böhland C, Geiger A, Baur I, Berner K, Heuer S, Liu X, Mataite L, Melo-Narváez MC, Özkaya E, Rupp A, Siebenwirth C, Thoma F, Kling MF, Friedl AA. Development of a model for fibroblast-led collective migration from breast cancer cell spheroids to study radiation effects on invasiveness. Radiat Oncol 2021; 16:159. [PMID: 34412654 PMCID: PMC8375131 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-021-01883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasiveness is a major factor contributing to metastasis of tumour cells. Given the broad variety and plasticity of invasion mechanisms, assessing potential metastasis-promoting effects of irradiation for specific mechanisms is important for further understanding of potential adverse effects of radiotherapy. In fibroblast-led invasion mechanisms, fibroblasts produce tracks in the extracellular matrix in which cancer cells with epithelial traits can follow. So far, the influence of irradiation on this type of invasion mechanisms has not been assessed. METHODS By matrix-embedding coculture spheroids consisting of breast cancer cells (MCF-7, BT474) and normal fibroblasts, we established a model for fibroblast-led invasion. To demonstrate applicability of this model, spheroid growth and invasion behaviour after irradiation with 5 Gy were investigated by microscopy and image analysis. RESULTS When not embedded, irradiation caused a significant growth delay in the spheroids. When irradiating the spheroids with 5 Gy before embedding, we find comparable maximum migration distance in fibroblast monoculture and in coculture samples as seen in unirradiated samples. Depending on the fibroblast strain, the number of invading cells remained constant or was reduced. CONCLUSION In this spheroid model and with the cell lines and fibroblast strains used, irradiation does not have a major invasion-promoting effect. 3D analysis of invasiveness allows to uncouple effects on invading cell number and maximum invasion distance when assessing radiation effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Mei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Physics, LMU Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Claudia Böhland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Anika Geiger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Iris Baur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristina Berner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Heuer
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Xue Liu
- RG Adipocytes & Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laura Mataite
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Erdem Özkaya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Rupp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Felix Thoma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias F Kling
- Department of Physics, LMU Munich, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Center for Advanced Laser Applications, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Anna A Friedl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU Klinikum, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kuchur OA, Kuzmina DO, Dukhinova MS, Shtil AA. The p53 Protein Family in the Response of Tumor Cells to Ionizing Radiation: Problem Development. Acta Naturae 2021; 13:65-76. [PMID: 34707898 PMCID: PMC8526179 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival mechanisms are activated in tumor cells in response to therapeutic ionizing radiation. This reduces a treatment's effectiveness. The p53, p63, and p73 proteins belonging to the family of proteins that regulate the numerous pathways of intracellular signal transduction play a key role in the development of radioresistance. This review analyzes the p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms involved in overcoming the resistance of tumor cells to radiation exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O. A. Kuchur
- ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, 191002 Russia
| | | | | | - A. A. Shtil
- ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, 191002 Russia
- Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, 115478 Russia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Current Prospects for Treatment of Solid Tumors via Photodynamic, Photothermal, or Ionizing Radiation Therapies Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition (A Review). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050447. [PMID: 34068491 PMCID: PMC8151935 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) causes selective damage to tumor cells and vasculature and also triggers an anti-tumor immune response. The latter fact has prompted the exploration of PDT as an immune-stimulatory adjuvant. PDT is not the only cancer treatment that relies on electromagnetic energy to destroy cancer tissue. Ionizing radiation therapy (RT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) are two other treatment modalities that employ photons (with wavelengths either shorter or longer than PDT, respectively) and also cause tissue damage and immunomodulation. Research on the three modalities has occurred in different “silos”, with minimal interaction between the three topics. This is happening at a time when immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI), another focus of intense research and clinical development, has opened exciting possibilities for combining PDT, PTT, or RT with ICI to achieve improved therapeutic benefits. In this review, we surveyed the literature for studies that describe changes in anti-tumor immunity following the administration of PDT, PTT, and RT, including efforts to combine each modality with ICI. This information, collected all in one place, may make it easier to recognize similarities and differences and help to identify new mechanistic hypotheses toward the goal of achieving optimized combinations and tumor cures.
Collapse
|
31
|
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the oncologic care continuum: urgent need to restore patients care to pre-COVID-19 era. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2021. [PMCID: PMC8060543 DOI: 10.1017/s1460396921000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Globally, cancer is the second leading cause of death, and it is estimated that over 18·1 million new cases are diagnosed annually. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted almost every aspect of the provision and management of cancer care worldwide. The time-critical nature of COVID-19 diagnosis and the large number of patients requiring hospitalisation necessitated the rerouting of already limited resources available for cancer services and programmes to the care of COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, the stringent social distancing, restricted in-hospital visits and lockdown measures instituted by various governments resulted in the disruption of the oncologic continuum including screening, diagnostic and prevention programmes, treatments and follow-up services as well as research and clinical trial programmes.
Materials and Methods:
We searched several databases from October 2020 to January 2021 for relevant studies published in English between 2020 and 2021 and reporting on the impact of COVID-19 on the cancer care continuum. This narrative review paper describes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cancer patient care continuum from screening and prevention to treatments and ongoing management of patients.
Conclusions:
The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted cancer care and the management of cancer services and patients. Nevertheless, the oncology healthcare communities worldwide have done phenomenal work with joint and collaborative efforts, utilising best available evidence-based guidelines to continue to give safe and effective treatments for cancer patients while maintaining the safety of patients, healthcare professionals and the general population. Nevertheless, several healthcare centres are now faced with significant challenges with the management of the backlog of screening, diagnosis and treatment cases. It is imperative that governments, leaders of healthcare centres and healthcare professionals take all necessary actions and policies focused on minimising further system-level delays to cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment initiation and clearing of all backlogs cases from the COVID-19 pandemic in order to mitigate the negative impact on cancer outcomes.
Collapse
|
32
|
Tsai TL, Lai YH, HW Chen H, Su WC. Overcoming Radiation Resistance by Iron-Platinum Metal Alloy Nanoparticles in Human Copper Transport 1-Overexpressing Cancer Cells via Mitochondrial Disturbance. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2071-2085. [PMID: 33727814 PMCID: PMC7955785 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s283147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy remains an important treatment modality in cancer therapy, however, resistance is a major problem for treatment failure. Elevated expression of glutathione is known to associate with radiation resistance. We used glutathione overexpressing small cell lung cancer cell lines, SR3A-13 and SR3A-14, established by transfection with γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) cDNA, as a model for investigating strategies of overcoming radiation resistance. These radiation-resistant cells exhibit upregulated human copper transporter 1 (hCtr1), which also transports cisplatin. This study was initiated to investigate the effect and the underlying mechanism of iron-platinum nanoparticles (FePt NPs) on radiation sensitization in cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Uptakes of FePt NPs in these cells were studied by plasma optical emission spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. Effects of the combination of FePt NPs and ionizing radiation were investigated by colony formation assay and animal experiment. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by using fluorescent probes and imaged by a fluorescence-activated-cell-sorting caliber flow cytometer. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in mitochondria after FePt NP and IR treatment was investigated by a Seahorse XF24 cell energy metabolism analyzer. RESULTS These hCtr1-overexpressing cells exhibited elevated resistance to IR and the resistance could be overcome by FePt NPs via enhanced uptake of FePt NPs. Overexpression of hCtr1 was responsible for the increased uptake/transport of FePt NPs as demonstrated by using hCtr1-transfected parental SR3A (SR3A-hCtr1-WT) cells. Increased ROS and drastic mitochondrial damages with substantial reduction of oxygen consumption rate were observed in FePt NPs and IR-treated cells, indicating that structural and functional insults of mitochondria are the lethal mechanism of FePt NPs. Furthermore, FePt NPs also increased the efficacy of radiotherapy in mice bearing SR3A-hCtr1-WT-xenograft tumors. CONCLUSION These results suggest that FePt NPs can potentially be a novel strategy to improve radiotherapeutic efficacy in hCtr1-overexpressing cancer cells via enhanced uptake and mitochondria targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Lin Tsai
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Helen HW Chen
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Center of Applied Nanomedicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tesei A, Arienti C, Bossi G, Santi S, De Santis I, Bevilacqua A, Zanoni M, Pignatta S, Cortesi M, Zamagni A, Storci G, Bonafè M, Sarnelli A, Romeo A, Cavallo C, Bartolazzi A, Rossi S, Soriani A, Strigari L. TP53 drives abscopal effect by secretion of senescence-associated molecular signals in non-small cell lung cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:89. [PMID: 33673859 PMCID: PMC7934399 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent developments in abscopal effect strongly support the use of radiotherapy for the treatment of metastatic disease. However, deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the abscopal effect are required to best benefit a larger proportion of patients with metastasis. Several groups including ours, reported the involvement of wild-type (wt) p53 in radiation-induced abscopal effects, however very little is known on the role of wtp53 dependent molecular mechanisms. Methods We investigated through in vivo and in vitro approaches how wtp53 orchestrates radiation-induced abscopal effects. Wtp53 bearing (A549) and p53-null (H1299) NSCLC lines were xenotransplanted in nude mice, and cultured in 2D monolayers and 3D tumor spheroids. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from medium cell culture by ultracentrifugation protocol followed by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis. Gene expression was evaluated by RT-Real Time, digital qRT-PCR, and dot blot technique. Protein levels were determined by immunohistochemistry, confocal anlysis, western blot techniques, and immunoassay. Results We demonstrated that single high-dose irradiation (20 Gy) induces significant tumor growth inhibition in contralateral non-irradiated (NIR) A549 xenograft tumors but not in NIR p53-null H1299 or p53-silenced A549 (A549sh/p53) xenografts. We further demonstrates that irradiation of A549 cells in vitro induces a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) producing extracellular vesicles (EVs) expressing CD63 and carrying DNA:RNA hybrids and LINE-1 retrotransposon. IR-A549 EVs also hamper the colony-forming capability of recipient NIR A549 cells, induce senescent phenotype, nuclear expression of DNA:RNA hybrids, and M1 macrophage polarization. Conclusions In our models, we demonstrate that high radiation dose in wtp53 tumors induce the onset of SASP and secretion of CD63+ EVs loaded with DNA:RNA hybrids and LINE-1 retrotransposons that convey senescence messages out of the irradiation field triggering abscopal effect in NIR tumors. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-01883-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tesei
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.
| | - Chiara Arienti
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Bossi
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - Spartaco Santi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria De Santis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, I-40138, Bologna, Emilia Romagna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, I-40126, Bologna, Emilia Romagna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bevilacqua
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering (DISI), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Advanced Research Centre on Electronic Systems for Information & Communication Technologies 'E. De Castro' (ARCES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Zanoni
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Sara Pignatta
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Michela Cortesi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Alice Zamagni
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Gianluca Storci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bonafè
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Sarnelli
- Medical Physics Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Antonino Romeo
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Carola Cavallo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, Rizzoli Research, Innovation & Technology Department (RIT), IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Rossi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Soriani
- Laboratory of Medical Physics and Expert Systems, IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Strigari
- Department of Medical Physics, IRCCS University Hospital of Bologna, via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Klaus R, Niyazi M, Lange-Sperandio B. Radiation-induced kidney toxicity: molecular and cellular pathogenesis. Radiat Oncol 2021; 16:43. [PMID: 33632272 PMCID: PMC7905925 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-021-01764-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation nephropathy (RN) is a kidney injury induced by ionizing radiation. In a clinical setting, ionizing radiation is used in radiotherapy (RT). The use and the intensity of radiation therapy is limited by normal-tissue damage including kidney toxicity. Different thresholds for kidney toxicity exist for different entities of RT. Histopathologic features of RN include vascular, glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage. The different molecular and cellular pathomechanisms involved in RN are not fully understood. Ionizing radiation causes double-stranded breaks in the DNA, followed by cell death including apoptosis and necrosis of renal endothelial, tubular and glomerular cells. Especially in the latent phase of RN oxidative stress and inflammation have been proposed as putative pathomechanisms, but so far no clear evidence was found. Cellular senescence, activation of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone-system and vascular dysfunction might contribute to RN, but only limited data is available. Several signalling pathways have been identified in animal models of RN and different approaches to mitigate RN have been investigated. Drugs that attenuate cell death and inflammation or reduce oxidative stress and renal fibrosis were tested. Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone-system blockade, anti-apoptotic drugs, statins, and antioxidants have been shown to reduce the severity of RN. These results provide a rationale for the development of new strategies to prevent or reduce radiation-induced kidney toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Klaus
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Niyazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bärbel Lange-Sperandio
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
D'Andrea MA, Reddy GK. Brain Radiation Induced Extracranial Abscopal Effects in Metastatic Melanoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2021; 43:836-845. [PMID: 33044231 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Historically, the brain has been viewed as a specialized neurovascular inert organ with a distinctive immune privilege. Therefore, radiation-induced extracranial abscopal effects would be considered an unusual phenomenon due to the difficulty of the immunogenic signaling molecules to travel across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, it is now possible that localized central nervous system radiation has the ability to disrupt the structural integrity of the BBB and increase its endothelial permeability allowing the free passage of immunogenic responses between the intracranial and extracranial compartments. Thus, the nascent tumor-associated antigens produced by localized brain radiation can travel across the BBB into the rest of the body to modulate the immune system and induce extracranial abscopal effects. In clinical practice, localized brain radiation therapy-induced extracranial abscopal effects are a rarely seen phenomenon in metastatic melanoma and other advanced cancers. In this article, we provide a detailed overview of the current state of knowledge and clinical experience of central nervous system radiation-induced extracranial abscopal effects in patients with malignant melanoma. Emerging data from a small number of case reports and cohort studies of various malignancies has significantly altered our earlier understanding of this process by revealing that the brain is neither isolated nor passive in its interactions with the body's immune system. In addition, these studies provide clinical evidence that the brain is capable of interacting actively with the extracranial peripheral immune system. Thus, localized radiation treatment to 1 or more locations of brain metastases can induce extracranial abscopal responses. Collectively, these findings clearly demonstrate that localized brain radiation therapy-induced abscopal effects traverses the BBB and trigger tumor regression in the nonirradiated extracranial locations.
Collapse
|
36
|
Li L, Dai K, Li J, Shi Y, Zhang Z, Liu T, Jun Xie, Ruiping Zhang, Liu Z. A Boron-10 nitride nanosheet for combinational boron neutron capture therapy and chemotherapy of tumor. Biomaterials 2020; 268:120587. [PMID: 33296793 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Combination cancer therapy (e.g., radiochemotherapy) is widely used to enhance the therapeutic effects and prevent the recurrence of cancer. However, the side effects of monotherapy are also amplified when treating cancer with combination therapy. A locally activated drug delivery strategy that can release the payload in a tumor-selective manner is greatly needed to overcome the side effects of combination therapy. Here, we explore the potential of combining boron neutron capture therapy and chemotherapy as a new type of radiochemotherapy. Two-dimensional (2D) boron-10-rich nanosheets (BNNSs) were fabricated as a dual-functional delivery system: targeted boron-10 delivery systems for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and drug delivery vehicles to load doxorubicin for chemotherapy. Irradiated by low-energy thermal neutron, BNNSs can produce high linear energy transfer (LET) particles to kill tumor cells, and the loaded doxorubicin can be released in situ at the same time. This neutron-triggered radiochemotherapy shows noteworthy efficacy in suppressing tumor growth in triple-negative breast cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to combine BNCT with chemotherapy as a new type of radiochemotherapy. We hope this study could inspire additional BNCT-induced combination cancer therapies and provide insight for the further clinical translation of BNCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Kun Dai
- Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiyuan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yaxin Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zizhu Zhang
- Beijing Capture Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102413, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Beijing Capture Tech Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102413, China
| | - Jun Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- The Radiology Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Peking University-Tsinghua University Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tian W, Cao C, Shu L, Wu F. Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12113-12129. [PMID: 33262610 PMCID: PMC7699985 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s276150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an essential role in the development of most solid tumors by delivering nutrients and oxygen to the tumor. Therefore, anti-angiogenic therapy, particularly anti-VEGF and anti-VEGF receptor (VEGFR) therapy, has been a popular strategy to treat cancer. However, anti-angiogenic therapy does not significantly improve patients' outcomes when used alone because the cutdown of the vessels transforms tumor cells to a hypoxia-tolerant phenotype. While combining anti-angiogenic therapy with other therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy, has a promising efficacy due to the vessel normalization effect induced by anti-angiogenic agents. Here, we review the characteristics of tumor angiogenesis, the mechanisms, clinical applications, and prospects of combining anti-angiogenic therapy with other therapies in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghui Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Shu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ernst A, Hennel R, Krombach J, Kapfhammer H, Brix N, Zuchtriegel G, Uhl B, Reichel CA, Frey B, Gaipl US, Winssinger N, Shirasawa S, Sasazuki T, Sperandio M, Belka C, Lauber K. Priming of Anti-tumor Immune Mechanisms by Radiotherapy Is Augmented by Inhibition of Heat Shock Protein 90. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1668. [PMID: 32984042 PMCID: PMC7481363 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an essential part of multi-modal cancer therapy. Nevertheless, for certain cancer entities such as colorectal cancer (CRC) the indications of radiotherapy are limited due to anatomical peculiarities and high radiosensitivity of the surrounding normal tissue. The development of molecularly targeted, combined modality approaches may help to overcome these limitations. Preferably, such strategies should not only enhance radiation-induced tumor cell killing and the abrogation of tumor cell clonogenicity, but should also support the stimulation of anti-tumor immune mechanisms – a phenomenon which moved into the center of interest of preclinical and clinical research in radiation oncology within the last decade. The present study focuses on inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) whose combination with radiotherapy has previously been reported to exhibit convincing therapeutic synergism in different preclinical cancer models. By employing in vitro and in vivo analyses, we examined if this therapeutic synergism also applies to the priming of anti-tumor immune mechanisms in model systems of CRC. Our results indicate that the combination of HSP90 inhibitor treatment and ionizing irradiation induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells with accelerated transit into secondary necrosis in a hyperactive Kras-dependent manner. During secondary necrosis, dying cancer cells released different classes of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that stimulated migration and recruitment of monocytic cells in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, these dying cancer cell-derived DAMPs enforced the differentiation of a monocyte-derived antigen presenting cell (APC) phenotype which potently triggered the priming of allogeneic T cell responses in vitro. In summary, HSP90 inhibition – apart from its radiosensitizing potential – obviously enables and supports the initial steps of anti-tumor immune priming upon radiotherapy and thus represents a promising partner for combined modality approaches. The therapeutic performance of such strategies requires further in-depth analyses, especially for but not only limited to CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Ernst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Hennel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Krombach
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heidi Kapfhammer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikko Brix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Zuchtriegel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bernd Uhl
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph A Reichel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Winssinger
- Department of Organic Chemistry, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Senji Shirasawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Markus Sperandio
- Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Powerski M, Drewes R, Omari J, Relja B, Surov A, Pech M. Intra-hepatic Abscopal Effect Following Radioembolization of Hepatic Metastases. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2020; 43:1641-1649. [PMID: 32808201 PMCID: PMC7591411 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-020-02612-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To search for abscopal effects (AE) distant to the site of radiation after sequential Yittrium-90 (Y-90) radioembolization (RE) of liver malignancies. Methods and Materials In this retrospective analysis, all patients treated by RE between 2007 and 2018 (n = 907) were screened for the following setting/conditions: sequential RE of left and right liver lobe in two sessions, liver-specific MRI (MRI1) acquired max. 10 days before or after first RE (RE1), liver-specific MRI (MRI2) acquired with a minimum time interval of 20 days after MRI1, but before second RE (RE2). No systemic tumor therapies between MRI1 and MRI2. No patients with liver cirrhosis. Metastases > 5 mm in untreated liver lobes were compared in MRI1 and MRI2 and rated as follows: same size or larger in MRI2 = no abscopal effect (NAE); > 30% shrinkage without Y-90 contamination in SPECT/CT = abscopal effect (AE). Results Ninety six of 907 patients met aforementioned criteria. Median time-frame between RE1 and MRI2 was 34 (20–64) days. These 96 cases had 765 metastases which were evaluable (median 5(1–40) metastases per patient). Four patients could be identified with at least one shrinking metastasis of the untreated site: one patient with breast cancer (3 metastases: 0 NAE; 3 AE), one patient with prostate cancer (6 metastases: 3 NAE; 3 metastases > 30% shrinkage but possible Y-90 contamination) and two patients with shrinkage of one metastasis each but less than 30%. Conclusion Our retrospective study documents AE after RE of liver tumors in 1 out of 96 cases, 3 other cases remain unclear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Powerski
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Drewes
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Jazan Omari
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexey Surov
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Pech
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-Von-Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.,2nd Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214, Gdansk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Bhatia K, Bhumika, Das A. Combinatorial drug therapy in cancer - New insights. Life Sci 2020; 258:118134. [PMID: 32717272 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer can arise due to mutations in numerous pathways present in our body and thus has many alternatives for getting aggravated. Due to this attribute, it gets difficult to treat cancer patients with monotherapy alone and has a risk of not being eliminated to the full extent. This necessitates the introduction of combinatorial therapy as it employs cancer treatment using more than one method and shows a greater success rate. Combinatorial therapy involves a complementary combination of two different therapies like a combination of radio and immunotherapy or a combination of drugs that can target more than one pathway of cancer formation like combining CDK targeting drugs with Growth factors targeting drugs. In this review, we discuss the various aspects of cancer which include, its causes; four regulatory mechanisms namely: apoptosis, cyclin-dependent kinases, tumor suppressor genes, and growth factors; some of the pathways involved; treatment: monotherapy and combinatorial therapy and combinatorial drug formulation in chemotherapy. The present review gives a holistic account of the different mechanisms of therapies and also drug combinations that may serve to not only complement the monotherapy but can also surpass the resistance against monotherapy agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karanpreet Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Bhumika
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India
| | - Asmita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Deciphering the Intricate Roles of Radiation Therapy and Complement Activation in Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020; 108:46-55. [PMID: 32629082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The complement system consists of a collection of serum proteins that act as the main frontline effector arm of the innate immune system. Activation of complement can occur through 3 individual induction pathways: the classical, mannose-binding lectin, and alternative pathways. Activation results in opsonization, recruitment of effector cells through potent immune mediators known as anaphylatoxins, and cell lysis via the formation of the membrane attack complex. Stringent regulation of complement is required to protect against inappropriate activation of the complement cascade. Complement activation within the tumor microenvironment does not increase antitumoral action; instead, it enhances tumor growth and disease progression. Radiation therapy (RT) is a staple in the treatment of malignancies and controls tumor growth through direct DNA damage and the influx of immune cells, reshaping the makeup of the tumor microenvironment. The relationship between RT and complement activity in the tumor microenvironment is uncertain at best. The following review will focus on the complex interaction of complement activation and the immune-modulating effects of RT and the overall effect on tumor progression. The clinical implications of complement activation in cancer and the use of therapeutics and potential biomarkers will also be covered.
Collapse
|
42
|
Salomon N, Vascotto F, Selmi A, Vormehr M, Quinkhardt J, Bukur T, Schrörs B, Löewer M, Diken M, Türeci Ö, Sahin U, Kreiter S. A liposomal RNA vaccine inducing neoantigen-specific CD4 + T cells augments the antitumor activity of local radiotherapy in mice. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1771925. [PMID: 32923128 PMCID: PMC7458669 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1771925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-encoding, lipoplex-formulated RNA (RNA-LPX) enables systemic delivery to lymphoid compartments and selective expression in resident antigen-presenting cells. We report here that the rejection of CT26 tumors, mediated by local radiotherapy (LRT), is further augmented in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner by an RNA-LPX vaccine that encodes CD4+ T cell-recognized neoantigens (CD4 neoantigen vaccine). Whereas CD8+ T cells induced by LRT alone were primarily directed against the immunodominant gp70 antigen, mice treated with LRT plus the CD4 neoantigen vaccine rejected gp70-negative tumors and were protected from rechallenge with these tumors, indicating a potent poly-antigenic CD8+ T cell response and T cell memory. In the spleens of CD4 neoantigen-vaccinated mice, we found a high number of activated, poly-functional, Th1-like CD4+ T cells against ME1, the immunodominant CD4 neoantigen within the poly-neoantigen vaccine. LRT itself strongly increased CD8+ T cell numbers and clonal expansion. However, tumor infiltrates of mice treated with CD4 neoantigen vaccine/LRT, as compared to LRT alone, displayed a higher fraction of activated gp70-specific CD8+ T cells, lower PD-1/LAG-3 expression and contained ME1-specific IFNγ+ CD4+ T cells capable of providing cognate help. CD4 neoantigen vaccine/LRT treatment followed by anti-CTLA-4 antibody therapy further enhanced the efficacy with complete remission of gp70-negative CT26 tumors and survival of all mice. Our data highlight the power of combining synergistic modes of action and warrants further exploration of the presented treatment schema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Salomon
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University gGmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Fulvia Vascotto
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University gGmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Abderaouf Selmi
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University gGmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Bukur
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University gGmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Barbara Schrörs
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University gGmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Löewer
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University gGmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mustafa Diken
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University gGmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Ugur Sahin
- BioNTech SE, 55131 Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy (FZI) of the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kreiter
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University gGmbH, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tran TAT, Kim YH, Duong THO, Jung S, Kim IY, Moon KS, Jang WY, Lee HJ, Lee JJ, Jung TY. Peptide Vaccine Combined Adjuvants Modulate Anti-tumor Effects of Radiation in Glioblastoma Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1165. [PMID: 32733437 PMCID: PMC7358653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most common aggressive cancer, has a poor prognosis. Among the current standard treatment strategies, radiation therapy is the most commonly recommended. However, it is often unsuccessful at completely eliminating the cancer from the brain. A combination of radiation with other treatment methods should therefore be considered. It has been reported that radiotherapy in combination with immunotherapy might show a synergistic effect; however, this still needs to be investigated. In the current study, a “branched multipeptide and peptide adjuvants [such as pan DR epitope (PADRE) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid—stabilized with polylysine and carboxymethylcellulose—(poly-ICLC)],” namely vaccine and anti-PD1, were used as components of immunotherapy to assist in the anti-tumor effects of radiotherapy against glioblastomas. With regard to experimental design, immunological characterization of GL261 cells was performed and the effects of radiation on this cell line were also evaluated. An intracranial GL261 mouse glioma model was established, and therapeutic effects were observed based on tumor size and survival time. The distribution of effector immune cells in the spleen, based on cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell function, was determined. The pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine production from re-stimulated splenocytes and single tumor cells were also evaluated. As GL261 cells demonstrated both immunological characteristics and radiation sensitivity, they were found to be promising candidates for testing this combination treatment. Combinatorial treatment with radiation, vaccine, and anti-PD1 prolonged mouse survival by delaying tumor growth. Although this combination treatment led to an increase in the functional activity of both CTLs and NK cells, as evidenced by the increased percentage of these cells in the spleen, there was a greater shift toward CTL rather than NK cell activity. Moreover, the released cytokines from re-stimulated splenocytes and single tumor cells also showed a shift toward the pro-inflammatory response. This study suggests that immunotherapy comprising a branched multipeptide plus PADRE, poly-ICLC, and anti-PD1 could potentially enhance the anti-tumor effects of radiotherapy in a glioblastoma mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Anh-Thuy Tran
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kim
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Thi-Hoang-Oanh Duong
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Shin Jung
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - In-Young Kim
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sub Moon
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Woo-Youl Jang
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Lee
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Je-Jung Lee
- Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Tae-Young Jung
- Brain Tumor Research Laboratory, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea.,Department of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University, Hwasun, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Frey B, Mika J, Jelonek K, Cruz-Garcia L, Roelants C, Testard I, Cherradi N, Lumniczky K, Polozov S, Napieralska A, Widlak P, Gaipl US, Badie C, Polanska J, Candéias SM. Systemic modulation of stress and immune parameters in patients treated for prostate adenocarcinoma by intensity-modulated radiation therapy or stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy. Strahlenther Onkol 2020; 196:1018-1033. [PMID: 32519025 PMCID: PMC7581573 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-020-01637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background In this exploratory study, the impact of local irradiation on systemic changes in stress and immune parameters was investigated in eight patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) for prostate adenocarcinoma to gain deeper insights into how radiotherapy (RT) modulates the immune system. Patients and methods RT-qPCR, flow cytometry, metabolomics, and antibody arrays were used to monitor a panel of stress- and immune-related parameters before RT, after the first fraction (SABR) or the first week of treatment (IMRT), after the last fraction, and 3 weeks later in the blood of IMRT (N = 4) or SABR (N = 4) patients. Effect size analysis was used for comparison of results at different timepoints. Results Several parameters were found to be differentially modulated in IMRT and SABR patients: the expression of TGFB1, IL1B, and CCL3 genes; the expression of HLA-DR on circulating monocytes; the abundance and ratio of phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine metabolites in plasma. More immune modulators in plasma were modulated during IMRT than SABR, with only two common proteins, namely GDF-15 and Tim‑3. Conclusion Locally delivered RT induces systemic modulation of the immune system in prostate adenocarcinoma patients. IMRT and SABR appear to specifically affect distinct immune components. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00066-020-01637-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - J Mika
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - K Jelonek
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - L Cruz-Garcia
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Cancers Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Public Health England, Chilton, OX11 ORQ, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - I Testard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM-UMR5249, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - N Cherradi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, CEA, IRIG-BCI-UMR_S1036, 38054, Grenoble, France
| | - K Lumniczky
- National Public Health Center, 1097, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Polozov
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Cancers Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Public Health England, Chilton, OX11 ORQ, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
- HQ Science Limited, 5 The Quay, PE27 5AR, St. Ives, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - A Napieralska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - P Widlak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-102, Gliwice, Poland
| | - U S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - C Badie
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Cancers Mechanisms and Biomarkers group, Public Health England, Chilton, OX11 ORQ, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - J Polanska
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - S M Candéias
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-LCBM-UMR5249, 38054, Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Clinical relevance of tumor microenvironment: immune cells, vessels, and mouse models. Hum Cell 2020; 33:930-937. [PMID: 32507979 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-020-00380-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in tumor progression, therapeutic response, and patient outcomes. TME includes immune cells, blood and lymphatic vessels, and so on. There are anti-cancer and pro-cancer immune cells. In general, infiltration of anti-cancer immune cells, such as cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), is associated with a favorable patient prognosis. In contrast, infiltration of pro-cancer immune cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), is associated with a worse prognosis. However, some immune cells, which play an ambivalent role in cancer immunity, have demonstrated contradictory impacts on patient prognosis. Blood and lymphatic vessels play crucial roles in TME not only as delivery and draining systems of fluid and molecules, but also allowing cancer cells access to systematic circulation to metastasize. Angiogenesis promotes cancer aggressiveness and is associated with a worse prognosis. Its targeted therapy shows a benefit in some cancers, however, because the target can vary by caner type, a benefit of anti-angiogenesis therapy is limited in the current standard of care. Lymphangiogenesis plays a role in lymph node metastasis, thus, it is associated with a poor prognosis in some cancers. To study TME, the mouse model is one of the most commonly used tools. The choice of appropriate mouse model depends on the hypothesis being tested and the scientific question being asked. Here, we review recent studies that investigated the clinical relevance of TME components and introduce mouse models to study TME.
Collapse
|
46
|
Samaga D, Hornung R, Braselmann H, Hess J, Zitzelsberger H, Belka C, Boulesteix AL, Unger K. Single-center versus multi-center data sets for molecular prognostic modeling: a simulation study. Radiat Oncol 2020; 15:109. [PMID: 32410693 PMCID: PMC7227093 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-020-01543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prognostic models based on high-dimensional omics data generated from clinical patient samples, such as tumor tissues or biopsies, are increasingly used for prognosis of radio-therapeutic success. The model development process requires two independent discovery and validation data sets. Each of them may contain samples collected in a single center or a collection of samples from multiple centers. Multi-center data tend to be more heterogeneous than single-center data but are less affected by potential site-specific biases. Optimal use of limited data resources for discovery and validation with respect to the expected success of a study requires dispassionate, objective decision-making. In this work, we addressed the impact of the choice of single-center and multi-center data as discovery and validation data sets, and assessed how this impact depends on the three data characteristics signal strength, number of informative features and sample size. Methods We set up a simulation study to quantify the predictive performance of a model trained and validated on different combinations of in silico single-center and multi-center data. The standard bioinformatical analysis workflow of batch correction, feature selection and parameter estimation was emulated. For the determination of model quality, four measures were used: false discovery rate, prediction error, chance of successful validation (significant correlation of predicted and true validation data outcome) and model calibration. Results In agreement with literature about generalizability of signatures, prognostic models fitted to multi-center data consistently outperformed their single-center counterparts when the prediction error was the quality criterion of interest. However, for low signal strengths and small sample sizes, single-center discovery sets showed superior performance with respect to false discovery rate and chance of successful validation. Conclusions With regard to decision making, this simulation study underlines the importance of study aims being defined precisely a priori. Minimization of the prediction error requires multi-center discovery data, whereas single-center data are preferable with respect to false discovery rate and chance of successful validation when the expected signal or sample size is low. In contrast, the choice of validation data solely affects the quality of the estimator of the prediction error, which was more precise on multi-center validation data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Samaga
- Helmholtz Zentrum, München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
| | - Roman Hornung
- Department of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Herbert Braselmann
- Helmholtz Zentrum, München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany
| | - Julia Hess
- Helmholtz Zentrum, München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Munich, 85764, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Helmholtz Zentrum, München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Munich, 85764, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Munich, 85764, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Anne-Laure Boulesteix
- Department of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Helmholtz Zentrum, München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, Munich, 85764, Germany.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, Munich, 81377, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wen P, Gao Y, Chen B, Qi X, Hu G, Xu A, Xia J, Wu L, Lu H, Zhao G. Pan-Cancer Analysis of Radiotherapy Benefits and Immune Infiltration in Multiple Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040957. [PMID: 32294976 PMCID: PMC7226004 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Response to radiotherapy (RT) in cancers varies widely among patients. Therefore, it is very important to predict who will benefit from RT before clinical treatment. Consideration of the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) could provide novel insight into tumor treatment options. In this study, we investigated the link between immune infiltration status and clinical RT outcome in order to identify certain leukocyte subsets that could potentially influence the clinical RT benefit across cancers. By integrally analyzing the TCGA data across seven cancers, we identified complex associations between immune infiltration and patients RT outcomes. Besides, immune cells showed large differences in their populations in various cancers, and the most abundant cells were resting memory CD4 T cells. Additionally, the proportion of activated CD4 memory T cells and activated mast cells, albeit at low number, were closely related to RT overall survival in multiple cancers. Furthermore, a prognostic model for RT outcomes was established with good performance based on the immune infiltration status. Summarized, immune infiltration was found to be of significant clinical relevance to RT outcomes. These findings may help to shed light on the impact of tumor-associated immune cell infiltration on cancer RT outcomes, and identify biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Wen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaojing Qi
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guanshuo Hu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - An Xu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Junfeng Xia
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China;
| | - Lijun Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
| | - Huayi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei 230031, China; (P.W.); (Y.G.); (B.C.); (X.Q.); (G.H.); (A.X.); (L.W.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (G.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Szymonowicz K, Krysztofiak A, van der Linden J, Kern A, Deycmar S, Oeck S, Squire A, Koska B, Hlouschek J, Vüllings M, Neander C, Siveke JT, Matschke J, Pruschy M, Timmermann B, Jendrossek V. Proton Irradiation Increases the Necessity for Homologous Recombination Repair Along with the Indispensability of Non-Homologous End Joining. Cells 2020; 9:E889. [PMID: 32260562 PMCID: PMC7226794 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Technical improvements in clinical radiotherapy for maximizing cytotoxicity to the tumor while limiting negative impact on co-irradiated healthy tissues include the increasing use of particle therapy (e.g., proton therapy) worldwide. Yet potential differences in the biology of DNA damage induction and repair between irradiation with X-ray photons and protons remain elusive. We compared the differences in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair and survival of cells compromised in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homologous recombination repair (HRR) or both, after irradiation with an equal dose of X-ray photons, entrance plateau (EP) protons, and mid spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) protons. We used super-resolution microscopy to investigate potential differences in spatial distribution of DNA damage foci upon irradiation. While DNA damage foci were equally distributed throughout the nucleus after X-ray photon irradiation, we observed more clustered DNA damage foci upon proton irradiation. Furthermore, deficiency in essential NHEJ proteins delayed DNA repair kinetics and sensitized cells to both, X-ray photon and proton irradiation, whereas deficiency in HRR proteins sensitized cells only to proton irradiation. We assume that NHEJ is indispensable for processing DNA DSB independent of the irradiation source, whereas the importance of HRR rises with increasing energy of applied irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Szymonowicz
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Adam Krysztofiak
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Jansje van der Linden
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Ajvar Kern
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.K.); (M.V.); (B.T.)
| | - Simon Deycmar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; (S.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Sebastian Oeck
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Anthony Squire
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Imaging, Imaging Center Essen, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany;
| | - Benjamin Koska
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.K.); (M.V.); (B.T.)
| | - Julian Hlouschek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Melanie Vüllings
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.K.); (M.V.); (B.T.)
| | - Christian Neander
- Institute of Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; (C.N.); (J.T.S.)
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens T. Siveke
- Institute of Developmental Cancer Therapeutics, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; (C.N.); (J.T.S.)
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johann Matschke
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Martin Pruschy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; (S.D.); (M.P.)
| | - Beate Timmermann
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.K.); (B.K.); (M.V.); (B.T.)
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK, partner site Essen) and German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Particle Therapy, West German Proton Therapy Center Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (K.S.); (A.K.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.O.); (J.H.); (J.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Podolska MJ, Barras A, Alexiou C, Frey B, Gaipl U, Boukherroub R, Szunerits S, Janko C, Muñoz LE. Graphene Oxide Nanosheets for Localized Hyperthermia-Physicochemical Characterization, Biocompatibility, and Induction of Tumor Cell Death. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030776. [PMID: 32209981 PMCID: PMC7140890 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The main goals of cancer treatment are not only to eradicate the tumor itself but also to elicit a specific immune response that overcomes the resistance of tumor cells against chemo- and radiotherapies. Hyperthermia was demonstrated to chemo- and radio-sensitize cancerous cells. Many reports have confirmed the immunostimulatory effect of such multi-modal routines. Methods: We evaluated the interaction of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets; its derivatives reduced GO and PEGylated rGO, with components of peripheral blood and evaluated its thermal conductivity to induce cell death by localized hyperthermia. Results: We confirmed the sterility and biocompatibility of the graphene nanomaterials and demonstrated that hyperthermia applied alone or in the combination with radiotherapy induced much more cell death in tumor cells than irradiation alone. Cell death was confirmed by the release of lactate dehydrogenase from dead and dying tumor cells. Conclusion: Biocompatible GO and its derivatives can be successfully used in graphene-induced hyperthermia to elicit tumor cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata J. Podolska
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 90154 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Alexandre Barras
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (R.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Christoph Alexiou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.A.); (C.J.)
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 90154 Erlangen, Germany; (B.F.); (U.G.)
| | - Udo Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 90154 Erlangen, Germany; (B.F.); (U.G.)
| | - Rabah Boukherroub
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (R.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Sabine Szunerits
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520-IEMN, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (R.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Christina Janko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.A.); (C.J.)
| | - Luis E. Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3—Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 90154 Erlangen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-43034
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Systemic Effects of Radiotherapy and Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer Patients-Comparison of Serum Metabolome Profiles. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10020060. [PMID: 32046123 PMCID: PMC7074210 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer treatment induces systemic molecular changes that could be detected at the level of biofluids. Understanding how human metabolism is influenced by these treatments is crucial to predict the individual response and adjust personalized therapies. Here, we aimed to compare profiles of metabolites in serum of head and neck cancer patients treated with concurrent chemo-radiotherapy, radiotherapy alone, or induction chemotherapy. Serum samples were analyzed by a targeted quantitative approach using combined direct flow injection and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, which allowed simultaneous quantification of 149 metabolites. There were 45 metabolites whose levels were significantly changed between pretreatment and within- or post-treatment serum samples, including 38 phospholipids. Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy induced faster and stronger effects than radiotherapy alone. On the other hand, chemotherapy alone did not result in significant changes. The decreased level of total phospholipids was the most apparent effect observed during the first step of the treatment. This corresponded to the loss of patients’ body mass, yet no correlation between both parameters was observed for individual patients. We concluded that different molecular changes were measured at the level of serum metabolome in response to different treatment modalities.
Collapse
|