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Kim JE, Jo MJ, Bae SY, Ahn SY, Ko GJ, Kwon YJ. Mitochondrial SIRT3 as a protective factor against cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10143. [PMID: 38698042 PMCID: PMC11065982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial deacetylase, has been shown to be involved in various kidney diseases. In this study, we aimed to clarify the role of SIRT3 in cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity and the associated mitochondrial dysfunction. Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were transfected with Flag-tagged SIRT3 for SIRT3 overexpression or SIRT3 siRNA for the inhibition of SIRT3. Subsequently, the cells were treated with cyclosporine A (CsA) or vehicle. Wild-type and SIRT3 knockout (KO) mice were randomly assigned to receive cyclosporine A or olive oil. Furthermore, SIRT3 activator, honokiol, was treated alongside CsA to wild type mice. Our results revealed that CsA treatment inhibited mitochondrial SIRT3 expression in MDCK cells. Inhibition of SIRT3 through siRNA transfection exacerbated apoptosis, impaired the expression of the AMP-activated protein kinase-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (AMPK-PGC1α) pathway, and worsened mitochondrial dysfunction induced by CsA treatment. Conversely, overexpression of SIRT3 through Flag-tagged SIRT3 transfection ameliorated apoptosis, increased the expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2, and restored the mitochondrial regulator pathway, AMPK-PGC1α. In SIRT3 KO mice, CsA treatment led to aggravated kidney dysfunction, increased kidney tubular injury, and accumulation of oxidative end products indicative of oxidative stress injury. Meanwhile, SIRT3 activation in vivo significantly mitigated these adverse effects, improving kidney function, reducing oxidative stress markers, and enhancing mitochondrial health following CsA treatment. Overall, our findings suggest that SIRT3 plays a protective role in alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction caused by CsA through the activation of the AMPK-PGC1α pathway, thereby preventing further kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, South Korea
| | - Min Jee Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, South Korea
| | - So Yeon Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, South Korea
| | - Shin Young Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gang Jee Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Joo Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308, South Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Nöbel M, Barry C, MacDonald MA, Baker K, Shave E, Mahler S, Munro T, Martínez VS, Nielsen LK, Marcellin E. Harnessing metabolic plasticity in CHO cells for enhanced perfusion cultivation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:1371-1383. [PMID: 38079117 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells have rapidly become a cornerstone in biopharmaceutical production. Recently, a reinvigoration of perfusion culture mode in CHO cell cultivation has been observed. However, most cell lines currently in use have been engineered and adapted for fed-batch culture methods, and may not perform optimally under perfusion conditions. To improve the cell's resilience and viability during perfusion culture, we cultured a triple knockout CHO cell line, deficient in three apoptosis related genes BAX, BAK, and BOK in a perfusion system. After 20 days of culture, the cells exhibited a halt in cell proliferation. Interestingly, following this phase of growth arrest, the cells entered a second growth phase. During this phase, the cell numbers nearly doubled, but cell specific productivity decreased. We performed a proteomics investigation, elucidating a distinct correlation between growth arrest and cell cycle arrest and showing an upregulation of the central carbon metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation. The upregulation was partially reverted during the second growth phase, likely caused by intragenerational adaptations to stresses encountered. A phase-dependent response to oxidative stress was noted, indicating glutathione has only a secondary role during cell cycle arrest. Our data provides evidence of metabolic regulation under high cell density culturing conditions and demonstrates that cell growth arrest can be overcome. The acquired insights have the potential to not only enhance our understanding of cellular metabolism but also contribute to the development of superior cell lines for perfusion cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Nöbel
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Craig Barry
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology (COESB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Michael A MacDonald
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Kym Baker
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Evan Shave
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Stephen Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Trent Munro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Verónica S Martínez
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Lars K Nielsen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology (COESB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Queensland Metabolomics and Proteomics (Q-MAP), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Esteban Marcellin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology (COESB), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
- Queensland Metabolomics and Proteomics (Q-MAP), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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Md Shahrulnizam NAN, Mohd Efendy Goon MD, Ab Rahim S, Lew SW, Sheikh Abdul Kadir SH, Ibrahim E. Palm-based tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) supplementation modulates cardiac sod1 expression, fxr target gene expression, and tauro-conjugated bile acid levels in aleptinemic mice fed a high-fat diet. GENES & NUTRITION 2024; 19:3. [PMID: 38413846 PMCID: PMC10898183 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-024-00742-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) has been reported to protect the heart from oxidative stress-induced inflammation. It is, however, unclear whether the protective effects of TRF against oxidative stress involve the activation of farnesoid X receptor (fxr), a bile acid receptor, and the regulation of bile acid metabolites. In the current study, we investigated the effects of TRF supplementation on antioxidant activities, expression of fxr and its target genes in cardiac tissue, and serum untargeted metabolomics of high-fat diet-fed mice. Mice were divided into high-fat diet (HFD) with or without TRF supplementation (control) for 6 weeks. At the end of the intervention, body weight (BW), waist circumference (WC), and random blood glucose were measured. Heart tissues were collected, and the gene expression of sod1, sod2, gpx, and fxr and its target genes shp and stat3 was determined. Serum was subjected to untargeted metabolomic analysis using UHPLC-Orbitrap. In comparison to the control, the WC of the TRF-treated group was higher (p >0.05) than that of the HFD-only group, in addition there was no significant difference in weight or random blood glucose level. Downregulation of sod1, sod2, and gpx expression was observed in TRF-treated mice; however, only sod1 was significant when compared to the HFD only group. The expression of cardiac shp (fxr target gene) was significantly upregulated, but stat3 was significantly downregulated in the TRF-treated group compared to the HFD-only group. Biochemical pathways found to be influenced by TRF supplementation include bile acid secretion, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and biotin and cholesterol metabolism. In conclusion, TRF supplementation in HFD-fed mice affects antioxidant activities, and more interestingly, TRF also acts as a signaling molecule that is possibly involved in several bile acid-related biochemical pathways accompanied by an increase in cardiac fxr shp expression. This study provides new insight into TRF in deregulating bile acid receptors and metabolites in high-fat diet-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aliah Natasha Md Shahrulnizam
- Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology (IMMB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Danial Mohd Efendy Goon
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerFoRM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharaniza Ab Rahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sook Weih Lew
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir
- Institute of Pathology, Laboratory and Forensic Medicine (I-PPerFoRM), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Effendi Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Sultan S, Alharbi M, Alrayes N, Makki N, Faruqui H, Basuni L, Alhozali A, Abdulnoor R, Borai A, Almalki A, Alzahrani A, Alamoudi R, Almaghrabi M. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in SOD2 with susceptibility for the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A Saudi population study. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 6:e449. [PMID: 37698290 PMCID: PMC10638619 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) is diabetic nephropathy (DN), which plays a significant role in the progression of end-stage renal disease. Oxidative stress is implicated in DN pathogenesis, and genetic variations in antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and catalase (CAT) may contribute to the susceptibility. This study aimed to investigate the potential association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in antioxidant enzymes, specifically SOD2 rs4880 and CAT rs769217, and the risk of T2D and susceptibility to DN within the Saudi population. METHODS This case-control study included 150 participants, comprising 50 patients with T2D without DN (group 1), 50 patients with T2D with DN (group 2), and 50 healthy participants (group 3). The samples were genotyped using real-time PCR for SOD2 rs4880 and CAT rs769217 SNPs. Sanger sequencing was used for validation. Statistical analyses were performed to explore associations between these SNPs and T2D with or without DN. RESULTS No significant difference was observed in CAT rs769217 expression between the groups. However, a significant difference was observed in SOD2 rs4880 expression between the healthy controls and patients with T2D with DN (p = .028). Furthermore, SOD2 rs4880 was associated with approximately threefold increased risk of DN in patients with T2D compared to that in healthy participants (odds ratio [OR] = 2.99 [1.31-6.83]). Validation through Sanger sequencing further confirmed these findings. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide evidence that SOD2 rs4880 SNP may contribute to inadequate defence by the antioxidant enzyme, SOD2, against DM-induced oxidative stress and thus cause DN in Saudi patients with T2D. Therefore, SOD2 rs4880 may serve as a predictive marker to prevent the development and progression of DN in patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sultan
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Meshari Alharbi
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Medical CityNational Guard HospitalJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Nuha Alrayes
- Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
- Princes Al‐Jawhara center of excellence in research of hereditary disorders, King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Nehad Makki
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Faruqui
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Lama Basuni
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Amani Alhozali
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Reham Abdulnoor
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Borai
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC)King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU‐HS), King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National GuardJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Almalki
- King saud bin Abdulaziz university for health sciences, king abdulaziz medical cityking Abdullah international research center (KAIMRC)JeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alzahrani
- King Abdulaziz Medical city, College of MedicineKing Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research centerJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alamoudi
- King Abdulaziz Medical city, College of MedicineKing Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research centerJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Mazin Almaghrabi
- King Abdulaziz Medical CityNational Guard HospitalJeddahSaudi Arabia
- Department of Internal Medicine/EndocrinologyKing Abdulaziz Medical CityJeddahSaudi Arabia
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5
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Pendleton KE, Wang K, Echeverria GV. Rewiring of mitochondrial metabolism in therapy-resistant cancers: permanent and plastic adaptations. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1254313. [PMID: 37779896 PMCID: PMC10534013 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1254313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of tumor cell metabolism is widely recognized as a "hallmark of cancer." Many of the selective pressures encountered by tumor cells, such as exposure to anticancer therapies, navigation of the metastatic cascade, and communication with the tumor microenvironment, can elicit further rewiring of tumor cell metabolism. Furthermore, phenotypic plasticity has been recently appreciated as an emerging "hallmark of cancer." Mitochondria are dynamic organelles and central hubs of metabolism whose roles in cancers have been a major focus of numerous studies. Importantly, therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondria are being developed. Interestingly, both plastic (i.e., reversible) and permanent (i.e., stable) metabolic adaptations have been observed following exposure to anticancer therapeutics. Understanding the plastic or permanent nature of these mechanisms is of crucial importance for devising the initiation, duration, and sequential nature of metabolism-targeting therapies. In this review, we compare permanent and plastic mitochondrial mechanisms driving therapy resistance. We also discuss experimental models of therapy-induced metabolic adaptation, therapeutic implications for targeting permanent and plastic metabolic states, and clinical implications of metabolic adaptations. While the plasticity of metabolic adaptations can make effective therapeutic treatment challenging, understanding the mechanisms behind these plastic phenotypes may lead to promising clinical interventions that will ultimately lead to better overall care for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Pendleton
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Karen Wang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gloria V. Echeverria
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Barcena ML, Tonini G, Haritonow N, Breiter P, Milting H, Baczko I, Müller‐Werdan U, Ladilov Y, Regitz‐Zagrosek V. Sex and age differences in AMPK phosphorylation, mitochondrial homeostasis, and inflammation in hearts from inflammatory cardiomyopathy patients. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13894. [PMID: 37365150 PMCID: PMC10410062 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Linked to exacerbated inflammation, myocarditis is a cardiovascular disease, which may lead to dilated cardiomyopathy. Although sex and age differences in the development of chronic myocarditis have been postulated, underlying cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the current study, we aimed to investigate sex and age differences in mitochondrial homeostasis, inflammation, and cellular senescence. Cardiac tissue samples from younger and older patients with inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMI) were used. The expression of Sirt1, phosphorylated AMPK, PGC-1α, Sirt3, acetylated SOD2, catalase, and several mitochondrial genes was analyzed to assess mitochondrial homeostasis. The expression of NF-κB, TLR4, and interleukins was used to examine the inflammatory state in the heart. Finally, several senescence markers and telomere length were investigated. Cardiac AMPK expression and phosphorylation were significantly elevated in male DCMI patients, whereas Sirt1 expression remained unchanged in all groups investigated. AMPK upregulation was accompanied by a preserved expression of all mitochondrial proteins/genes investigated in older male DCMI patients, whereas the expression of TOM40, TIM23, and the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation genes was significantly reduced in older female patients. Mitochondrial homeostasis in older male patients was further supported by the reduced acetylation of mitochondrial proteins as indicated by acetylated SOD2. The inflammatory markers NF-κB and TLR4 were downregulated in older male DCMI patients, whereas the expression of IL-18 was increased in older female patients. This was accompanied by progressed senescence in older DCMI hearts. In conclusion, older women experience more dramatic immunometabolic disorders on the cellular level than older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Barcena
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical GerontologyCharité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)BerlinGermany
| | - Greta Tonini
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical GerontologyCharité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Natalie Haritonow
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical GerontologyCharité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Pavelas Breiter
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical GerontologyCharité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)BerlinGermany
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann InstituteHeart and Diabetes Centre NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr‐University BochumBad OeynhausenGermany
| | - Istvan Baczko
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent‐Györgyi Medical SchoolUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Ursula Müller‐Werdan
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical GerontologyCharité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Yury Ladilov
- Department of Geriatrics and Medical GerontologyCharité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Center BrandenburgBrandenburg Medical SchoolBernau bei BerlinGermany
| | - Vera Regitz‐Zagrosek
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)BerlinGermany
- Institute for Gender in Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité University HospitalBerlinGermany
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospital Zürich, University of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
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The complex role of inflammation and gliotransmitters in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105940. [PMID: 36470499 PMCID: PMC10372760 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the role of innate and adaptive immune cell function in brain health and how it goes awry during aging and neurodegenerative diseases is still in its infancy. Inflammation and immunological dysfunction are common components of Parkinson's disease (PD), both in terms of motor and non-motor components of PD. In recent decades, the antiquated notion that the central nervous system (CNS) in disease states is an immune-privileged organ, has been debunked. The immune landscape in the CNS influences peripheral systems, and peripheral immunological changes can alter the CNS in health and disease. Identifying immune and inflammatory pathways that compromise neuronal health and survival is critical in designing innovative and effective strategies to limit their untoward effects on neuronal health.
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8
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Vrettou S, Wirth B. S-Glutathionylation and S-Nitrosylation in Mitochondria: Focus on Homeostasis and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415849. [PMID: 36555492 PMCID: PMC9779533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox post-translational modifications are derived from fluctuations in the redox potential and modulate protein function, localization, activity and structure. Amongst the oxidative reversible modifications, the S-glutathionylation of proteins was the first to be characterized as a post-translational modification, which primarily protects proteins from irreversible oxidation. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that S-glutathionylation plays a key role in core cell processes, particularly in mitochondria, which are the main source of reactive oxygen species. S-nitrosylation, another post-translational modification, was identified >150 years ago, but it was re-introduced as a prototype cell-signaling mechanism only recently, one that tightly regulates core processes within the cell’s sub-compartments, especially in mitochondria. S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation are modulated by fluctuations in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and, in turn, orchestrate mitochondrial bioenergetics machinery, morphology, nutrients metabolism and apoptosis. In many neurodegenerative disorders, mitochondria dysfunction and oxidative/nitrosative stresses trigger or exacerbate their pathologies. Despite the substantial amount of research for most of these disorders, there are no successful treatments, while antioxidant supplementation failed in the majority of clinical trials. Herein, we discuss how S-glutathionylation and S-nitrosylation interfere in mitochondrial homeostasis and how the deregulation of these modifications is associated with Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Friedreich’s ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Vrettou
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (B.W.)
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.V.); (B.W.)
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9
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Khalil M, Shanmugam H, Abdallah H, John Britto JS, Galerati I, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G, Portincasa P. The Potential of the Mediterranean Diet to Improve Mitochondrial Function in Experimental Models of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153112. [PMID: 35956289 PMCID: PMC9370259 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal expansion of body fat paves the way for several metabolic abnormalities including overweight, obesity, and diabetes, which ultimately cluster under the umbrella of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Patients with MetS are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, morbidity, and mortality. The coexistence of distinct metabolic abnormalities is associated with the release of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines, as components of low-to-medium grade systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress. Adopting healthy lifestyles, by using appropriate dietary regimens, contributes to the prevention and treatment of MetS. Metabolic abnormalities can influence the function and energetic capacity of mitochondria, as observed in many obesity-related cardio-metabolic disorders. There are preclinical studies both in cellular and animal models, as well as clinical studies, dealing with distinct nutrients of the Mediterranean diet (MD) and dysfunctional mitochondria in obesity and MetS. The term “Mitochondria nutrients” has been adopted in recent years, and it depicts the adequate nutrients to keep proper mitochondrial function. Different experimental models show that components of the MD, including polyphenols, plant-derived compounds, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, can improve mitochondrial metabolism, biogenesis, and antioxidant capacity. Such effects are valuable to counteract the mitochondrial dysfunction associated with obesity-related abnormalities and can represent the beneficial feature of polyphenols-enriched olive oil, vegetables, nuts, fish, and plant-based foods, as the main components of the MD. Thus, developing mitochondria-targeting nutrients and natural agents for MetS treatment and/or prevention is a logical strategy to decrease the burden of disease and medications at a later stage. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the effects of the MD and its bioactive components on improving mitochondrial structure and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Harshitha Shanmugam
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Hala Abdallah
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Jerlin Stephy John Britto
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Ilaria Galerati
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-A.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.G.-A.); (G.F.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, 28029 Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; (M.K.); (H.S.); (H.A.); (J.S.J.B.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-328-4687215
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10
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Mooli RGR, Mukhi D, Ramakrishnan SK. Oxidative Stress and Redox Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Liver Diseases. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3167-3192. [PMID: 35578969 PMCID: PMC10074426 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c200021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increased production of derivatives of molecular oxygen and nitrogen in the form of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) lead to molecular damage called oxidative stress. Under normal physiological conditions, the ROS generation is tightly regulated in different cells and cellular compartments. Any disturbance in the balance between the cellular generation of ROS and antioxidant balance leads to oxidative stress. In this article, we discuss the sources of ROS (endogenous and exogenous) and antioxidant mechanisms. We also focus on the pathophysiological significance of oxidative stress in various cell types of the liver. Oxidative stress is implicated in the development and progression of various liver diseases. We narrate the master regulators of ROS-mediated signaling and their contribution to liver diseases. Nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) are influenced by a "multiple parallel-hit model" in which oxidative stress plays a central role. We highlight the recent findings on the role of oxidative stress in the spectrum of NAFLD, including fibrosis and liver cancer. Finally, we provide a brief overview of oxidative stress biomarkers and their therapeutic applications in various liver-related disorders. Overall, the article sheds light on the significance of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of the liver. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3167-3192, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Gopal Reddy Mooli
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhanunjay Mukhi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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11
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Kamoshita M, Kumar R, Anteghini M, Kunze M, Islinger M, Martins dos Santos V, Schrader M. Insights Into the Peroxisomal Protein Inventory of Zebrafish. Front Physiol 2022; 13:822509. [PMID: 35295584 PMCID: PMC8919083 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.822509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are ubiquitous, oxidative subcellular organelles with important functions in cellular lipid metabolism and redox homeostasis. Loss of peroxisomal functions causes severe disorders with developmental and neurological abnormalities. Zebrafish are emerging as an attractive vertebrate model to study peroxisomal disorders as well as cellular lipid metabolism. Here, we combined bioinformatics analyses with molecular cell biology and reveal the first comprehensive inventory of Danio rerio peroxisomal proteins, which we systematically compared with those of human peroxisomes. Through bioinformatics analysis of all PTS1-carrying proteins, we demonstrate that D. rerio lacks two well-known mammalian peroxisomal proteins (BAAT and ZADH2/PTGR3), but possesses a putative peroxisomal malate synthase (Mlsl) and verified differences in the presence of purine degrading enzymes. Furthermore, we revealed novel candidate peroxisomal proteins in D. rerio, whose function and localisation is discussed. Our findings confirm the suitability of zebrafish as a vertebrate model for peroxisome research and open possibilities for the study of novel peroxisomal candidate proteins in zebrafish and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kamoshita
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Rechal Kumar
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Anteghini
- LifeGlimmer GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Markus Kunze
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Vítor Martins dos Santos
- LifeGlimmer GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Michael Schrader
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Michael Schrader,
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12
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Murdocca M, Spitalieri P, Cappello A, Colasuonno F, Moreno S, Candi E, D'Apice MR, Novelli G, Sangiuolo F. Mitochondrial dysfunction in mandibular hypoplasia, deafness and progeroid features with concomitant lipodystrophy (MDPL) patients. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:1651-1664. [PMID: 35196257 PMCID: PMC8908938 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mandibular hypoplasia, Deafness and Progeroid features with concomitant Lipodystrophy is a rare, genetic, premature aging disease named MDPL Syndrome, due to almost always a de novo variant in POLD1 gene, encoding the DNA polymerase δ. In previous in vitro studies, we have already described several hallmarks of aging, including genetic damage, telomere shortening, cell senescence and proliferation defects. Since a clear connection has been reported between telomere shortening and mitochondria malfunction to initiate the aging process, we explored the role that mitochondrial metabolism and activity play in pathogenesis of MDPL Syndrome, an aspect that has not been addressed yet. We thus evaluated mtDNA copy number, assessing a significant decrease in mutated cells. The expression level of genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis and activity also revealed a significant reduction, highlighting a mitochondrial dysfunction in MDPL cells. Even the expression levels of mitochondrial marker SOD2, as assessed by immunofluorescence, were reduced. The decrease in this antioxidant enzyme correlated with increased production of mitochondrial ROS in MDPL cells, compared to WT. Consistent with these data, Focused Ion Beam/Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB/SEM) analysis revealed in MDPL cells fewer mitochondria, which also displayed morphological abnormalities. Accordingly, we detected autophagic vacuoles containing partially digested mitochondria. Overall, our results demonstrate a dramatic impairment of mitochondrial biogenesis and activity in MDPL Syndrome. Administration of Metformin, though unable to restore mitochondrial impairment, proved efficient in rescuing nuclear abnormalities, suggesting its use to specifically ameliorate the premature aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Murdocca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Paola Spitalieri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Angela Cappello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, and IDI-IRCCS, Rome 00166, Italy
| | | | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science, LIME, University Roma Tre, Rome 00146, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome 00179, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, and IDI-IRCCS, Rome 00166, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
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13
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Omeka WKM, Liyanage DS, Jeong T, Lee S, Lee J. Molecular characterization, immune responses, and functional activities of manganese superoxide dismutase in disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:104299. [PMID: 34662686 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are metalloenzymes that convert superoxide radicals to H2O2 and O2. Although SODs have been extensively studied in mammals and other species, comparative studies in invertebrates, such as abalones, are lacking. Here, we aimed to characterize manganese superoxide dismutase in disk abalone (Haliotis discus discus) (AbMnSOD) by assessing its transcriptional levels at different embryonic developmental stages. Additionally, the temporal expression of AbMnSOD in different abalone tissues in response to bacterial, viral, and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) stimuli was investigated. SOD activity was measured at various recombinant protein concentrations via the xanthine oxidase/WST-1 system. Cell viability upon exposure to H2O2, wound healing ability, and subcellular localization were determined in AbMnSOD-transfected cells. AbMnSOD was 681 bp long and contained the SOD-A domain. AbMnSOD expression was higher at the trochophore stage than at the other stages. When challenged with immune stimulants, AbMnSOD showed the highest expression at 6 h post-injection (p.i.) for all stimulants except lipopolysaccharides. In the gills, the highest AbMnSOD expression was observed at 6 h p.i., except for the Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge. Recombinant AbMnSOD showed concentration-dependent xanthine oxidase activity. Furthermore, AbMnSOD-transfected cells survived H2O2-induced apoptosis and exhibited significant wound gap closure. As expected, AbMnSOD was localized in the mitochondria of the cells. Our findings suggest that AbMnSOD is an essential antioxidant enzyme that participates in regulating developmental processes and defense mechanisms against oxidative stress in hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- W K M Omeka
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - D S Liyanage
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyug Jeong
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkyoung Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Mora FAA, Musheshe N, Arroyave Ospina JC, Geng Y, Soto JM, Rodrigo JA, Alieva T, Buist-Homan M, Lezoualc'h F, Cheng X, Schmidt M, Moshage H. Metformin protects against diclofenac-induced toxicity in primary rat hepatocytes by preserving mitochondrial integrity via a pathway involving EPAC. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112072. [PMID: 34464747 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE It has been shown that the antidiabetic drug metformin protects hepatocytes against toxicity by various stressors. Chronic or excessive consumption of diclofenac (DF) - a pain-relieving drug, leads to drug-induced liver injury via a mechanism involving mitochondrial damage and ultimately apoptotic death of hepatocytes. However, whether metformin protects against DF-induced toxicity is unknown. Recently, it was also shown that cAMP elevation is protective against DF-induced apoptotic death in hepatocytes, a protective effect primarily involving the downstream cAMP effector EPAC and preservation of mitochondrial function. This study therefore aimed at investigating whether metformin protects against DF-induced toxicity via cAMP-EPACs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Primary rat hepatocytes were exposed to 400 µmol/L DF. CE3F4 or ESI-O5 were used as EPAC-1 or 2 inhibitors respectively. Apoptosis was measured by caspase-3 activity and necrosis by Sytox green staining. Seahorse X96 assay was used to determine mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured using MitoSox, mitochondrial MnSOD expression was determined by immunostaining and mitochondrial morphology (fusion and fission ratio) by 3D refractive index imaging. KEY RESULTS Metformin (1 mmol/L) was protective against DF-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes. This protective effect was EPAC-dependent (mainly EPAC-2). Metformin restored mitochondrial morphology in an EPAC-independent manner. DF-induced mitochondrial dysfunction which was demonstrated by decreased oxygen consumption rate, an increased ROS production and a reduced MnSOD level, were all reversed by metformin in an EPAC-dependent manner. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Metformin protects hepatocytes against DF-induced toxicity via cAMP-dependent EPAC-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Alejandro Aguilar Mora
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nshunge Musheshe
- Deptartment Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Johanna C Arroyave Ospina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Yana Geng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Juan M Soto
- Department of Optics and Faculty of Physical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - José A Rodrigo
- Department of Optics and Faculty of Physical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Tatiana Alieva
- Department of Optics and Faculty of Physical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Manon Buist-Homan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Lezoualc'h
- Inserm UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Metaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Univ Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Integrative Biology & Pharmacology, Texas Therapeutics Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Deptartment Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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15
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NAD + Precursors and Antioxidants for the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9081000. [PMID: 34440204 PMCID: PMC8394119 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9081000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot first described amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) between 1865 and 1874 as a sporadic adult disease resulting from the idiopathic progressive degeneration of the motor neuronal system, resulting in rapid, progressive, and generalized muscle weakness and atrophy. There is no cure for ALS and no proven therapy to prevent it or reverse its course. There are two drugs specifically approved for the treatment of ALS, riluzol and edaravone, and many others have already been tested or are following clinical trials. However, at the present moment, we still cannot glimpse a true breakthrough in the treatment of this devastating disease. Nevertheless, our understanding of the pathophysiology of ALS is constantly growing. Based on this background, we know that oxidative stress, alterations in the NAD+-dependent metabolism and redox status, and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and function in the motor neurons are at the core of the problem. Thus, different antioxidant molecules or NAD+ generators have been proposed for the therapy of ALS. This review analyzes these options not only in light of their use as individual molecules, but with special emphasis on their potential association, and even as part of broader combined multi-therapies.
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16
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Mitochondrial Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress in Kidney Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081144. [PMID: 34439810 PMCID: PMC8391472 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles in physiology and kidney diseases, because they produce cellular energy required to perform their function. During mitochondrial metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced. ROS function as secondary messengers, inducing redox-sensitive post-translational modifications (PTM) in proteins and activating or deactivating different cell signaling pathways. However, in kidney diseases, ROS overproduction causes oxidative stress (OS), inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and altering its metabolism and dynamics. The latter processes are closely related to changes in the cell redox-sensitive signaling pathways, causing inflammation and apoptosis cell death. Although mitochondrial metabolism, ROS production, and OS have been studied in kidney diseases, the role of redox signaling pathways in mitochondria has not been addressed. This review focuses on altering the metabolism and dynamics of mitochondria through the dysregulation of redox-sensitive signaling pathways in kidney diseases.
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17
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Wang X, An P, Gu Z, Luo Y, Luo J. Mitochondrial Metal Ion Transport in Cell Metabolism and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147525. [PMID: 34299144 PMCID: PMC8305404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital to life and provide biological energy for other organelles and cell physiological processes. On the mitochondrial double layer membrane, there are a variety of channels and transporters to transport different metal ions, such as Ca2+, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+/Fe3+. Emerging evidence in recent years has shown that the metal ion transport is essential for mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism, including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), ATP production, mitochondrial integrity, mitochondrial volume, enzyme activity, signal transduction, proliferation and apoptosis. The homeostasis of mitochondrial metal ions plays an important role in maintaining mitochondria and cell functions and regulating multiple diseases. In particular, channels and transporters for transporting mitochondrial metal ions are very critical, which can be used as potential targets to treat neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and other metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the current research on several types of mitochondrial metal ion channels/transporters and their functions in cell metabolism and diseases, providing strong evidence and therapeutic strategies for further insights into related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Peng An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Yongting Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Junjie Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.L.)
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18
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Fransen LFH, Leonard MO. CD34+ derived macrophage and dendritic cells display differential responses to paraquat. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 75:105198. [PMID: 34097952 PMCID: PMC8444090 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ) is a redox cycling herbicide known for its acute toxicity in humans. Airway parenchymal cells have been identified as primary sites for PQ accumulation, tissue inflammation and cellular injury. However, the role of immune cells in PQ induced tissue injury is largely unknown. To explore this further, primary cultures of human CD34+ stem cell derived macrophages (MCcd34) and dendritic cells (DCcd34) were established and characterised using RNA-Seq profiling. The impact of PQ on DCcd34 and MCcd34 cytotoxicity revealed increased effect within DCcd34 cultures. PQ toxicity mechanisms were examined using sub-cytotoxic concentrations and TempO-seq transcriptomic assays. Comparable increases for several stress response pathway (NFE2L2, NF-kB and HSF) dependent genes were observed across both cell types. Interestingly, PQ induced unfolded protein response (UPR), p53, Irf and DC maturation genes in DCcd34 but not in MCcd34. Further exploration of the immune modifying potential of PQ was performed using the common allergen house dust mite (HD). Co-treatment of PQ and HD resulted in enhanced inflammatory responses within MCcd34 but not DCcd34. These results demonstrate immune cell type differential responses to PQ, that may underlie aspects of acute toxicity and susceptibility to inflammatory disease. Paraquat induces inflammatory and oxidative events in immune cells. Paraquat prompts selective induction of several pathways in dendritic cells. Paraquat and dust mite co-exposure enhances inflammatory response in macrophages. These results provide insight into paraquat mechanisms of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie F H Fransen
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK.
| | - Martin O Leonard
- Toxicology Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Harwell Campus, OX11 0RQ, UK.
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19
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Trist BG, Hilton JB, Hare DJ, Crouch PJ, Double KL. Superoxide Dismutase 1 in Health and Disease: How a Frontline Antioxidant Becomes Neurotoxic. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9215-9246. [PMID: 32144830 PMCID: PMC8247289 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a frontline antioxidant enzyme catalysing superoxide breakdown and is important for most forms of eukaryotic life. The evolution of aerobic respiration by mitochondria increased cellular production of superoxide, resulting in an increased reliance upon SOD1. Consistent with the importance of SOD1 for cellular health, many human diseases of the central nervous system involve perturbations in SOD1 biology. But far from providing a simple demonstration of how disease arises from SOD1 loss-of-function, attempts to elucidate pathways by which atypical SOD1 biology leads to neurodegeneration have revealed unexpectedly complex molecular characteristics delineating healthy, functional SOD1 protein from that which likely contributes to central nervous system disease. This review summarises current understanding of SOD1 biology from SOD1 genetics through to protein function and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G. Trist
- Brain and Mind Centre and Discipline of PharmacologyThe University of Sydney, CamperdownSydneyNew South Wales2050Australia
| | - James B. Hilton
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3052Australia
| | - Dominic J. Hare
- Brain and Mind Centre and Discipline of PharmacologyThe University of Sydney, CamperdownSydneyNew South Wales2050Australia
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3052Australia
- Atomic Medicine InitiativeThe University of Technology SydneyBroadwayNew South Wales2007Australia
| | - Peter J. Crouch
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3052Australia
| | - Kay L. Double
- Brain and Mind Centre and Discipline of PharmacologyThe University of Sydney, CamperdownSydneyNew South Wales2050Australia
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20
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Hvozda Arana AG, Lasagni Vitar RM, Reides CG, Calabró V, Marchini T, Lerner SF, Evelson PA, Ferreira SM. Mitochondrial function is impaired in the primary visual cortex in an experimental glaucoma model. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 701:108815. [PMID: 33609537 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that affects eye structures and brain areas related to the visual system. Oxidative stress plays a key role in the development and progression of the disease. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the mitochondrial function and its participation in the brain redox metabolism in an experimental glaucoma model. 3-month-old female Wistar rats were subjected to cauterization of two episcleral veins of the left eye to elevate the intraocular pressure. Seven days after surgery, animals were sacrificed, the brain was carefully removed and the primary visual cortex was dissected. Mitochondrial bioenergetics and ROS production, and the antioxidant enzyme defenses from both mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions were evaluated. When compared to control, glaucoma decreased mitochondrial ATP production (23%, p < 0.05), with an increase in superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production (30%, p < 0.01 and 28%, p < 0.05, respectively), whereas no changes were observed in membrane potential and oxygen consumption rate. In addition, the glaucoma group displayed a decrease in complex II activity (34%, p < 0.01). Moreover, NOX4 expression was increased in glaucoma compared to the control group (27%, p < 0.05). Regarding the activity of enzymes associated with the regulation of the redox status, glaucoma showed an increase in mitochondrial SOD activity (34%, p < 0.05), mostly due to an increase in Mn-SOD (50%, p < 0.05). A decrease in mitochondrial GST activity was observed (11%, p < 0.05). GR and TrxR activity were decreased in both mitochondrial (16%, p < 0.05 and 20%, p < 0.05 respectively) and cytosolic (21%, p < 0.01 and 50%, p < 0.01 respectively) fractions in the glaucoma group. Additionally, glaucoma showed an increase in cytoplasmatic GPx (50%, p < 0.01). In this scenario, redox imbalance took place resulting in damage to mitochondrial lipids (39%, p < 0.01) and proteins (70%, p < 0.05). These results suggest that glaucoma leads to mitochondrial function impairment in brain visual targets, that is accompanied by an alteration in both mitochondrial and cytoplasmatic enzymatic defenses. As a consequence of redox imbalance, oxidative damage to macromolecules takes place and can further affect vital cellular functions. Understanding the role of the mitochondria in the development and progression of the disease could bring up new neuroprotective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailen G Hvozda Arana
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Romina M Lasagni Vitar
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia G Reides
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Calabró
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Fabián Lerner
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo A Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sandra M Ferreira
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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21
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Trist BG, Hilton JB, Hare DJ, Crouch PJ, Double KL. Superoxide Dismutase 1 in Health and Disease: How a Frontline Antioxidant Becomes Neurotoxic. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G. Trist
- Brain and Mind Centre and Discipline of Pharmacology The University of Sydney, Camperdown Sydney New South Wales 2050 Australia
| | - James B. Hilton
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Dominic J. Hare
- Brain and Mind Centre and Discipline of Pharmacology The University of Sydney, Camperdown Sydney New South Wales 2050 Australia
- School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
- Atomic Medicine Initiative The University of Technology Sydney Broadway New South Wales 2007 Australia
| | - Peter J. Crouch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Kay L. Double
- Brain and Mind Centre and Discipline of Pharmacology The University of Sydney, Camperdown Sydney New South Wales 2050 Australia
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22
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Thévenod F, Lee WK, Garrick MD. Iron and Cadmium Entry Into Renal Mitochondria: Physiological and Toxicological Implications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:848. [PMID: 32984336 PMCID: PMC7492674 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of body fluid homeostasis is a major renal function, occurring largely through epithelial solute transport in various nephron segments driven by Na+/K+-ATPase activity. Energy demands are greatest in the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb where mitochondrial ATP production occurs through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria contain 20-80% of the cell's iron, copper, and manganese that are imported for their redox properties, primarily for electron transport. Redox reactions, however, also lead to reactive, toxic compounds, hence careful control of redox-active metal import into mitochondria is necessary. Current dogma claims the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) is freely permeable to metal ions, while the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) is selectively permeable. Yet we recently showed iron and manganese import at the OMM involves divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), an H+-coupled metal ion transporter. Thus, iron import is not only regulated by IMM mitoferrins, but also depends on the OMM to intermembrane space H+ gradient. We discuss how these mitochondrial transport processes contribute to renal injury in systemic (e.g., hemochromatosis) and local (e.g., hemoglobinuria) iron overload. Furthermore, the environmental toxicant cadmium selectively damages kidney mitochondria by "ionic mimicry" utilizing iron and calcium transporters, such as OMM DMT1 or IMM calcium uniporter, and by disrupting the electron transport chain. Consequently, unraveling mitochondrial metal ion transport may help develop new strategies to prevent kidney injury induced by metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Thévenod
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Wing-Kee Lee
- Faculty of Health, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Michael D Garrick
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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23
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Kitada M, Xu J, Ogura Y, Monno I, Koya D. Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Dysfunction and the Pathogenesis of Kidney Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:755. [PMID: 32760286 PMCID: PMC7373076 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide anion (O2•–) is produced by the process of oxidative phosphorylation associated with glucose, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism, resulting in the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the mitochondria. Excess production of reactive oxidants in the mitochondria, including O2•–, and its by-product, peroxynitrite (ONOO–), which is generated by a reaction between O2•– with nitric oxide (NO•), alters cellular function via oxidative modification of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Mitochondria maintain an antioxidant enzyme system that eliminates excess ROS; manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is one of the major components of this system, as it catalyzes the first step involved in scavenging ROS. Reduced expression and/or the activity of Mn-SOD results in diminished mitochondrial antioxidant capacity; this can impair the overall health of the cell by altering mitochondrial function and may lead to the development and progression of kidney disease. Targeted therapeutic agents may protect mitochondrial proteins, including Mn-SOD against oxidative stress-induced dysfunction, and this may consequently lead to the protection of renal function. Here, we describe the biological function and regulation of Mn-SOD and review the significance of mitochondrial oxidative stress concerning the pathogenesis of kidney diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI), with a focus on Mn-SOD dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Kitada
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ogura
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Itaru Monno
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
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24
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Di Florio DN, Sin J, Coronado MJ, Atwal PS, Fairweather D. Sex differences in inflammation, redox biology, mitochondria and autoimmunity. Redox Biol 2020; 31:101482. [PMID: 32197947 PMCID: PMC7212489 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by circulating antibodies and immune complexes directed against self-tissues that result in both systemic and organ-specific inflammation and pathology. Most autoimmune diseases occur more often in women than men. One exception is myocarditis, which is an inflammation of the myocardium that is typically caused by viral infections. Sex differences in the immune response and the role of the sex hormones estrogen and testosterone are well established based on animal models of autoimmune viral myocarditis as well as in mitochondrial function leading to reactive oxygen species production. RNA viruses like coxsackievirus B3, the primary cause of myocarditis in the US, activate the inflammasome through mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein located on the mitochondrial outer membrane. Toll-like receptor 4 and the inflammasome are the primary signaling pathways that increase inflammation during myocarditis, which is increased by testosterone. This review describes what is known about sex differences in inflammation, redox biology and mitochondrial function in the male-dominant autoimmune disease myocarditis and highlights gaps in the literature and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian N Di Florio
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
| | - Jon Sin
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Heart Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - DeLisa Fairweather
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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25
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Doerr V, Montalvo RN, Kwon OS, Talbert EE, Hain BA, Houston FE, Smuder AJ. Prevention of Doxorubicin-Induced Autophagy Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030263. [PMID: 32210013 PMCID: PMC7139604 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical use of the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (DOX) promotes skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness, adversely affecting patient mobility and strength. Although the mechanisms responsible for DOX-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction remain unclear, studies implicate the significant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this pathology. Supraphysiological ROS levels can enhance protein degradation via autophagy, and it is established that DOX upregulates autophagic signaling in skeletal muscle. To determine the precise contribution of accelerated autophagy to DOX-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction, we inhibited autophagy in the soleus via transduction of a dominant negative mutation of the autophagy related 5 (ATG5) protein. Targeted inhibition of autophagy prevented soleus muscle atrophy and contractile dysfunction acutely following DOX administration, which was associated with a reduction in mitochondrial ROS and maintenance of mitochondrial respiratory capacity. These beneficial modifications were potentially the result of enhanced transcription of antioxidant response element-related genes and increased antioxidant capacity. Specifically, our results showed significant upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator 1-alpha, nuclear respiratory factor-1, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate quinone dehydrogenase-1, and catalase in the soleus with DOX treatment when autophagy was inhibited. These findings establish a significant role of autophagy in the development of oxidative stress and skeletal muscle weakness following DOX administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Doerr
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (V.D.); (R.N.M.)
| | - Ryan N. Montalvo
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (V.D.); (R.N.M.)
| | - Oh Sung Kwon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
| | - Erin E. Talbert
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Brian A. Hain
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Fraser E. Houston
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, FL 33606, USA;
| | - Ashley J. Smuder
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (V.D.); (R.N.M.)
- Correspondence:
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26
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Payen VL, Zampieri LX, Porporato PE, Sonveaux P. Pro- and antitumor effects of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:189-203. [PMID: 30820778 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In cancer, mitochondrial functions are commonly altered. Directly involved in metabolic reprogramming, mitochondrial plasticity confers to cancer cells a high degree of adaptability to a wide range of stresses and to the harsh tumor microenvironment. Lack of nutrients or oxygen caused by altered perfusion, metabolic needs of proliferating cells, co-option of the microenvironment, control of the immune system, cell migration and metastasis, and evasion of exogenous stress (e.g., chemotherapy) are all, at least in part, influenced by mitochondria. Mitochondria are undoubtedly one of the key contributors to cancer development and progression. Understanding their protumoral (dys)functions may pave the way to therapeutic strategies capable of turning them into innocent entities. Here, we will focus on the production and detoxification of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), on their impact on tumorigenesis (genetic, prosurvival, and microenvironmental effects and their involvement in autophagy), and on tumor metastasis. We will also summarize the latest therapeutic approaches involving mtROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry L Payen
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 57 box B1.57.04, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.,Pole of Pediatrics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luca X Zampieri
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 57 box B1.57.04, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science, Molecular Biotechnology Centre, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 57 box B1.57.04, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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27
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Nellessen A, Nyamoya S, Zendedel A, Slowik A, Wruck C, Beyer C, Fragoulis A, Clarner T. Nrf2 deficiency increases oligodendrocyte loss, demyelination, neuroinflammation and axonal damage in an MS animal model. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:353-362. [PMID: 31529356 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-00488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a pathophysiological hallmark of many CNS diseases, among multiple sclerosis (MS). Accordingly, boosting the astrocytic transcription factor nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) system in an MS mouse model efficiently ameliorates oligodendrocyte loss, neuroinflammation and axonal damage. Moreover, Dimethylfumarate, an efficient activator of Nrf2, has recently been approved as therapeutic option in MS treatment. Here, we use the cuprizone mouse model of MS to induce oxidative stress, selective oligodendrocyte loss, microglia and astrocyte activation as well as axonal damage in both wild type and Nrf2-deficient mice. We found increased oligodendrocyte apoptosis and loss, pronounced neuroinflammation and higher levels of axonal damage in cuprizone-fed Nrf2-deficient animals when compared to wild type controls. In addition, Nrf2-deficient animals showed a higher susceptibility towards cuprizone within the commissura anterior white matter tract, a structure that is relatively insensitive to cuprizone in wild type animals. Our data highlight the cuprizone model as a suitable tool to study the complex interplay of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and axonal damage. Further studies will have to show whether distinct expression patterns of Nrf2 are involved in the variable susceptibility towards cuprizone in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nellessen
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stella Nyamoya
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Department of Anatomy, Neuroanatomy, Pettenkoferstr. 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Institut für Anatomie, Gertrudenstr. 9, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Slowik
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Wruck
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Athanassios Fragoulis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Clarner
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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28
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Li X, Wang L, Cykowski M, He T, Liu T, Chakranarayan J, Rivera A, Zhao H, Powell S, Xia W, Wong STC. OCIAD1 contributes to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease by inducing mitochondria dysfunction, neuronal vulnerability and synaptic damages. EBioMedicine 2020; 51:102569. [PMID: 31931285 PMCID: PMC6957876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperamyloidosis in the brain is known as the earliest neuropathological change and a unique etiological factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD), while progressive neurodegeneration in certain vulnerable brain regions forms the basis of clinical syndromes. It is not clear how early hyperamyloidosis is implicated in progressive neurodegeneration and what factors contribute to the selective brain vulnerability in AD. METHODS Bioinformatics and experimental neurobiology methods were integrated to identify novel factors involved in the hyperamyloidosis-induced brain vulnerability in AD. We first examined neurodegeneration-specific gene signatures from sporadic AD patients and synaptic protein changes in young transgenic AD mice. Then, we systematically assessed the association of a top candidate gene with AD and investigated its mechanistic role in neurodegeneration. FINDINGS We identified the ovary-orientated protein OCIAD1 (Ovarian-Carcinoma-Immunoreactive-Antigen-Domain-Containing-1) as a neurodegeneration-associated factor for AD. Higher levels of OCIAD1, found in vulnerable brain areas and dystrophic neurites, were correlated with disease severity. Multiple early AD pathological events, particularly Aβ/GSK-3β signaling, elevate OCIAD1, which in turn interacts with BCL-2 to impair mitochondrial function and facilitates mitochondria-associated neuronal injury. Notably, elevated OCIAD1 by Aβ increases cell susceptibility to other AD pathological challenges. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that OCIAD1 contributes to neurodegeneration in AD by impairing mitochondria function, and subsequently leading to neuronal vulnerability, and synaptic damages. FUNDING Ting Tsung & Wei Fong Chao Foundation, John S Dunn Research Foundation, Cure Alzheimer's Fund, and NIH R01AG057635 to STCW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Li
- Ting Tsung & Wei Fong Chao Center for BRAIN, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Informatics Development, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew Cykowski
- Departments of Pathology and Genome Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tiancheng He
- Department of Informatics Development, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy Liu
- Ting Tsung & Wei Fong Chao Center for BRAIN, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua Chakranarayan
- Ting Tsung & Wei Fong Chao Center for BRAIN, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andreana Rivera
- Departments of Pathology and Genome Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Zhao
- Ting Tsung & Wei Fong Chao Center for BRAIN, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Suzanne Powell
- Departments of Pathology and Genome Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weiming Xia
- Ting Tsung & Wei Fong Chao Center for BRAIN, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, MA 01730, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stephen T C Wong
- Ting Tsung & Wei Fong Chao Center for BRAIN, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Informatics Development, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Departments of Pathology and Genome Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Departments of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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29
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Dynamic Phosphorylation of the C Terminus of Hsp70 Regulates the Mitochondrial Import of SOD2 and Redox Balance. Cell Rep 2019; 25:2605-2616.e7. [PMID: 30485823 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The import of superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) into mitochondria is vital for the survival of eukaryotic cells. SOD2 is encoded within the nuclear genome and translocated into mitochondria for activation after translation in the cytosol. The molecular chaperone Hsp70 modulates SOD2 activity by promoting import of SOD2 into mitochondria. In turn, the activity of Hsp70 is controlled by co-chaperones, particularly CHIP, which directs Hsp70-bound proteins for degradation in the proteasomes. We investigated the mechanisms controlling the activity of SOD2 to signal activation and maintain mitochondrial redox balance. We demonstrate that Akt1 binds to and phosphorylates the C terminus of Hsp70 on Serine631, which inhibits CHIP-mediated SOD2 degradation thereby stabilizing and promoting SOD2 import. Conversely, increased mitochondrial-H2O2 formation disrupts Akt1-mediated phosphorylation of Hsp70, and non-phosphorylatable Hsp70 mutants decrease SOD2 import, resulting in mitochondrial oxidative stress. Our findings identify Hsp70 phosphorylation as a physiological mechanism essential for regulation of mitochondrial redox balance.
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30
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Trist BG, Hare DJ, Double KL. Oxidative stress in the aging substantia nigra and the etiology of Parkinson's disease. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13031. [PMID: 31432604 PMCID: PMC6826160 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease prevalence is rapidly increasing in an aging global population. With this increase comes exponentially rising social and economic costs, emphasizing the immediate need for effective disease‐modifying treatments. Motor dysfunction results from the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and depletion of dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway. While a specific biochemical mechanism remains elusive, oxidative stress plays an undeniable role in a complex and progressive neurodegenerative cascade. This review will explore the molecular factors that contribute to the high steady‐state of oxidative stress in the healthy substantia nigra during aging, and how this chemical environment renders neurons susceptible to oxidative damage in Parkinson's disease. Contributing factors to oxidative stress during aging and as a pathogenic mechanism for Parkinson's disease will be discussed within the context of how and why therapeutic approaches targeting cellular redox activity in this disorder have, to date, yielded little therapeutic benefit. We present a contemporary perspective on the central biochemical contribution of redox imbalance to Parkinson's disease etiology and argue that improving our ability to accurately measure oxidative stress, dopaminergic neurotransmission and cell death pathways in vivo is crucial for both the development of new therapies and the identification of novel disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G. Trist
- Brain and Mind Centre and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Dominic J. Hare
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health The University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. Australia
- Elemental Bio‐imaging Facility University of Technology Sydney Broadway NSW Australia
| | - Kay L. Double
- Brain and Mind Centre and Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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Wihadmadyatami H, Karnati S, Hening P, Tjahjono Y, Rizal, Maharjanti F, Kusindarta DL, Triyono T, Supriatno. Ethanolic extract Ocimum sanctum Linn. induces an apoptosis in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02772. [PMID: 31844708 PMCID: PMC6895684 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocimum sanctum (OS) is tropical herbal plant which is easy to find and widely used as a vegetable food in Indonesia. In last decade, lung adenocarcinoma was in top position as male cancer disease in Indonesia. Recently, emerging data showing the extracts of different species of Ocimum exhibiting the anti-tumor properties. Further studies on lung lewis carcinoma demonstrated pro-apoptosis effects after the treatment with Ocimum extracts. However, the effect of OS of Indonesian origin in human alveolar pulmonary adenocarcinoma A549 cells remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate effects of ethanolic extract OS (EEOS) in A549 cell culture systems. Cell adhesion and viability assays revealed that EEOS significantly decreased the attachment into extracellular matrix of A549 cells. Morphological examination AO/EB and DAPI staining indicated that EEOS induced the cells shrinkage, DNA fragmentation and condensation of A549 cells. Further, EEOS treatment induced the apoptosis rate followed by up-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), caspase-3 expression and decreased anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. This condition also suppressed the expression of SOD2 as well as the GPx. In conclusion, our findings indicate that EEOS suppressed the viability of A549 cells, which may result from the activation of ROS promoting the apoptosis signaling via mitochondrial intrinsic pathway. Taken together, EEOS might be a good therapeutic potential to further understand its properties in the treatment of lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hevi Wihadmadyatami
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Srikanth Karnati
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius Maxilimilian University Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Puspa Hening
- Integrated Laboratory for Research and Testing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Yudy Tjahjono
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia, 60265
| | - Rizal
- Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Fitriana Maharjanti
- Integrated Laboratory for Research and Testing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Dwi Liliek Kusindarta
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Teguh Triyono
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
| | - Supriatno
- Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55281
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Velasco L, Dublang L, Moro F, Muga A. The Complex Phosphorylation Patterns that Regulate the Activity of Hsp70 and Its Cochaperones. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174122. [PMID: 31450862 PMCID: PMC6747476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins must fold into their native structure and maintain it during their lifespan to display the desired activity. To ensure proper folding and stability, and avoid generation of misfolded conformations that can be potentially cytotoxic, cells synthesize a wide variety of molecular chaperones that assist folding of other proteins and avoid their aggregation, which unfortunately is unavoidable under acute stress conditions. A protein machinery in metazoa, composed of representatives of the Hsp70, Hsp40, and Hsp110 chaperone families, can reactivate protein aggregates. We revised herein the phosphorylation sites found so far in members of these chaperone families and the functional consequences associated with some of them. We also discuss how phosphorylation might regulate the chaperone activity and the interaction of human Hsp70 with its accessory and client proteins. Finally, we present the information that would be necessary to decrypt the effect that post-translational modifications, and especially phosphorylation, could have on the biological activity of the Hsp70 system, known as the “chaperone code”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorea Velasco
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Leire Dublang
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Fernando Moro
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Arturo Muga
- Biofisika Institute (UPV/EHU, CSIC) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
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Decharatchakul N, Settasatian C, Settasatian N, Komanasin N, Kukongviriyapan U, Intharaphet P, Senthong V. Association of genetic polymorphisms in SOD2, SOD3, GPX3, and GSTT1 with hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C level in subjects with high risk of coronary artery disease. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7407. [PMID: 31396447 PMCID: PMC6679910 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress modulates insulin resistant-related atherogenic dyslipidemia: hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level. Gene polymorphisms in superoxide dismutase (SOD2 and SOD3), glutathione peroxidase-3 (GPX3), and glutathione S-transferase theta-1 (GSTT1) may enable oxidative stress-related lipid abnormalities and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. The present study investigated the associations of antioxidant-related gene polymorphisms with atherogenic dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic severity in subjects with high risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Study population comprises of 396 subjects with high risk of CAD. Gene polymorphisms: SOD2 rs4880, SOD3 rs2536512 and rs2855262, GPX rs3828599, and GSTT1 (deletion) were evaluated the associations with HTG, low HDL-C, high TG/HDL-C ratio, and severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Results SOD2 rs4880-CC, SOD3 rs2536512-AA, rs2855262-CC, and GPX3 rs3828599-AA, but not GSTT1-/- individually increased risk of HTG combined with low HDL-C level. With a combination of five risk-genotypes as a genetic risk score (GRS), GRS ≥ 6 increased risks of low HDL-C, high TG/HDL-C ratio, and HTG combined with low HDL-C, comparing with GRS 0–2 [respective adjusted ORs (95% CI) = 2.70 (1.24–5.85), 3.11 (1.55–6.23), and 5.73 (2.22–14.77)]. Gene polymorphisms, though, were not directly associated with severity of coronary atherosclerosis; high TG/HDL-C ratio was associated with coronary atherosclerotic severity [OR = 2.26 (95% CI [1.17–4.34])]. Conclusion Combined polymorphisms in antioxidant-related genes increased the risk of dyslipidemia related to atherosclerotic severity, suggesting the combined antioxidant-related gene polymorphisms as predictor of atherogenic dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisa Decharatchakul
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chatri Settasatian
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nongnuch Settasatian
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nantarat Komanasin
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Upa Kukongviriyapan
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Phongsak Intharaphet
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Queen Sirikit Heart Center of the Northeast, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Vichai Senthong
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Queen Sirikit Heart Center of the Northeast, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Cheng Y, Liu DZ, Zhang CX, Cui H, Liu M, Zhang BL, Mei QB, Lu ZF, Zhou SY. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant delivery for precise treatment of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury through a multistage continuous targeted strategy. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 16:236-249. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Parascandolo A, Laukkanen MO. Carcinogenesis and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling: Interaction of the NADPH Oxidase NOX1-5 and Superoxide Dismutase 1-3 Signal Transduction Pathways. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:443-486. [PMID: 29478325 PMCID: PMC6393772 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Reduction/oxidation (redox) balance could be defined as an even distribution of reduction and oxidation complementary processes and their reaction end products. There is a consensus that aberrant levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), commonly observed in cancer, stimulate primary cell immortalization and progression of carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism how different ROS regulate redox balance is not completely understood. Recent Advances: In the current review, we have summarized the main signaling cascades inducing NADPH oxidase NOX1-5 and superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1-3 expression and their connection to cell proliferation, immortalization, transformation, and CD34+ cell differentiation in thyroid, colon, lung, breast, and hematological cancers. CRITICAL ISSUES Interestingly, many of the signaling pathways activating redox enzymes or mediating the effect of ROS are common, such as pathways initiated from G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors involving protein kinase A, phospholipase C, calcium, and small GTPase signaling molecules. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The clarification of interaction of signal transduction pathways could explain how cells regulate redox balance and may even provide means to inhibit the accumulation of harmful levels of ROS in human pathologies.
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Abstract
Mitochondria are functionally versatile organelles. In addition to their conventional role of meeting the cell's energy requirements, mitochondria also actively regulate innate immune responses against infectious and sterile insults. Components of mitochondria, when released or exposed in response to dysfunction or damage, can be directly recognized by receptors of the innate immune system and trigger an immune response. In addition, despite initiation that may be independent from mitochondria, numerous innate immune responses are still subject to mitochondrial regulation as discrete steps of their signaling cascades occur on mitochondria or require mitochondrial components. Finally, mitochondrial metabolites and the metabolic state of the mitochondria within an innate immune cell modulate the precise immune response and shape the direction and character of that cell's response to stimuli. Together, these pathways result in a nuanced and very specific regulation of innate immune responses by mitochondria.
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Key Words
- ASC, Apoptosis Associated Speck like protein containing CARD
- ASK1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- ATP, adenosine tri-phosphate
- CAPS, cryopyrin associated periodic syndromes
- CARD, caspase activation and recruitment domain
- CL, cardiolipin
- CLR, C-type lectin receptor
- CREB, cAMP response element binding protein
- Cgas, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
- DAMP, damage associated molecular pattern
- ESCIT, evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in the toll pathway
- ETC, electron transport chain
- FPR, formyl peptide receptor
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factor
- HMGB1, high mobility group box protein 1
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- IRF, interferon regulatory factor
- JNK, cJUN NH2-terminal kinase
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LRR, leucine rich repeat
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MARCH5, membrane-associated ring finger (C3HC4) 5
- MAVS, mitochondrial antiviral signaling
- MAVS, mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein
- MFN1/2, mitofusin
- MOMP, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization
- MPT, mitochondrial permeability transition
- MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary response 88
- NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NBD, nucleotide binding domain
- NFκB, Nuclear factor κ B
- NLR, NOD like receptor
- NOD, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain
- NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
- PAMP, pathogen associated molecular pattern
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-accelerated receptor
- PRRs, pathogen recognition receptors
- RIG-I, retinoic acid inducible gene I
- RLR, retinoic acid inducible gene like receptor
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- STING, stimulator of interferon gene
- TAK1, transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1
- TANK, TRAF family member-associated NFκB activator
- TBK1, TANK Binding Kinase 1
- TCA, Tri-carboxylic acid
- TFAM, mitochondrial transcription factor A
- TLR, Toll Like Receptor
- TRAF6, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6
- TRIF, TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon β
- TUFM, Tu translation elongation factor.
- fMet, N-formylated methionine
- mROS, mitochondrial ROS
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- n-fp, n-formyl peptides
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Abstract
Mitochondria undergo continuous challenges in the course of their life, from their generation to their degradation. These challenges include the management of reactive oxygen species, the proper assembly of mitochondrial respiratory complexes and the need to balance potential mutations in the mitochondrial DNA. The detection of damage and the ability to keep it under control is critical to fine-tune mitochondrial function to the organismal energy needs. In this review, we will analyze the multiple mechanisms that safeguard mitochondrial function in light of in crescendo damage. This sequence of events will include initial defense against excessive reactive oxygen species production, compensation mechanisms by the unfolded protein response (UPRmt), mitochondrial dynamics and elimination by mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Valera-Alberni
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne.,School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne
| | - Carles Canto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne.,School of Life Sciences, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne
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38
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Karnati S, Oruqaj G, Janga H, Tumpara S, Colasante C, Van Veldhoven PP, Braverman N, Pilatz A, Mariani TJ, Baumgart-Vogt E. PPARα-mediated peroxisome induction compensates PPARγ-deficiency in bronchiolar club cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203466. [PMID: 30212482 PMCID: PMC6136741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the important functions of PPARγ in various cell types of the lung, PPARγ-deficiency in club cells induces only mild emphysema. Peroxisomes are distributed in a similar way as PPARγ in the lung and are mainly enriched in club and AECII cells. To date, the effects of PPARγ-deficiency on the overall peroxisomal compartment and its metabolic alterations in pulmonary club cells are unknown. Therefore, we characterized wild-type and club cell-specific PPARγ knockout-mice lungs and used C22 cells to investigate the peroxisomal compartment and its metabolic roles in the distal airway epithelium by means of 1) double-immunofluorescence labelling for peroxisomal proteins, 2) laser-assisted microdissection of the bronchiolar epithelium and subsequent qRT-PCR, 3) siRNA-transfection of PPARγand PPRE dual-luciferase reporter activity in C22 cells, 4) PPARg inhibition by GW9662, 5) GC-MS based lipid analysis. Our results reveal elevated levels of fatty acids, increased expression of PPARα and PPRE activity, a strong overall upregulation of the peroxisomal compartment and its associated gene expression (biogenesis, α-oxidation, β-oxidation, and plasmalogens) in PPARγ-deficient club cells. Interestingly, catalase was significantly increased and mistargeted into the cytoplasm, suggestive for oxidative stress by the PPARγ-deficiency in club cells. Taken together, PPARα-mediated metabolic induction and proliferation of peroxisomes via a PPRE-dependent mechanism could compensate PPARγ-deficiency in club cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Karnati
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Gani Oruqaj
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Harshavardhan Janga
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Srinu Tumpara
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Claudia Colasante
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Paul P. Van Veldhoven
- Laboratory of Lipid Biochemistry and Protein Interactions, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nancy Braverman
- Depts. of Human Genetics and Pediatrics, McGill University-Montreal Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Adrian Pilatz
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urology and Andrology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas J. Mariani
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Eveline Baumgart-Vogt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology II, Division of Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
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González-Serrano LE, Karim L, Pierre F, Schwenzer H, Rötig A, Munnich A, Sissler M. Three human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases have distinct sub-mitochondrial localizations that are unaffected by disease-associated mutations. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13604-13615. [PMID: 30006346 PMCID: PMC6120215 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (mt-aaRSs) are key enzymes in the mitochondrial protein translation system and catalyze the charging of amino acids on their cognate tRNAs. Mutations in their nuclear genes are associated with pathologies having a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes, but with no clear molecular mechanism(s). For example, mutations in the nuclear genes encoding mt-AspRS and mt-ArgRS are correlated with the moderate neurodegenerative disorder leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL) and with the severe neurodevelopmental disorder pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 6 (PCH6), respectively. Previous studies have shown no or only minor impacts of these mutations on the canonical properties of these enzymes, indicating that the role of the mt-aaRSs in protein synthesis is mostly not affected by these mutations, but their effects on the mitochondrial localizations of aaRSs remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that three human aaRSs, mt-AspRS, mt-ArgRS, and LysRS, each have a specific sub-mitochondrial distribution, with mt-ArgRS being exclusively localized in the membrane, LysRS exclusively in the soluble fraction, and mt-AspRS being present in both. Chemical treatments revealed that mt-AspRs is anchored in the mitochondrial membrane through electrostatic interactions, whereas mt-ArgRS uses hydrophobic interactions. We also report that novel mutations in mt-AspRS and mt-ArgRS genes from individuals with LBSL and PCH6, respectively, had no significant impact on the mitochondrial localizations of mt-AspRS and mt-ArgRS. The variable sub-mitochondrial locations for these three mt-aaRSs strongly suggest the existence of additional enzyme properties, requiring further investigation to unravel the mechanisms underlying the two neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Elena González-Serrano
- From the Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002, F-67084 Strasbourg, France and
| | - Loukmane Karim
- From the Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002, F-67084 Strasbourg, France and
| | - Florian Pierre
- From the Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002, F-67084 Strasbourg, France and
| | - Hagen Schwenzer
- From the Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002, F-67084 Strasbourg, France and
| | - Agnès Rötig
- the INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetics of Mitochondrial Disorders, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Arnold Munnich
- the INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Genetics of Mitochondrial Disorders, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Imagine Institute, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie Sissler
- From the Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR9002, F-67084 Strasbourg, France and
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Mathioudakis L, Bourbouli M, Daklada E, Kargatzi S, Michaelidou K, Zaganas I. Localization of Human Glutamate Dehydrogenases Provides Insights into Their Metabolic Role and Their Involvement in Disease Processes. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:170-187. [PMID: 29943084 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) catalyzes the reversible deamination of L-glutamate to α-ketoglutarate and ammonia. In mammals, GDH contributes to important processes such as amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, energy production, ammonia management, neurotransmitter recycling and insulin secretion. In humans, two isoforms of GDH are found, namely hGDH1 and hGDH2, with the former being ubiquitously expressed and the latter found mainly in brain, testis and kidney. These two iso-enzymes display highly divergent allosteric properties, especially concerning their basal activity, ADP activation and GTP inhibition. On the other hand, both enzymes are thought to predominantly localize in the mitochondrial matrix, even though alternative localizations have been proposed. To further study the subcellular localization of the two human iso-enzymes, we created HEK293 cell lines stably over-expressing hGDH1 and hGDH2. In these cell lines, immunofluorescence and enzymatic analyses verified the overexpression of both hGDH1 and hGDH2 iso-enzymes, whereas subcellular fractionation followed by immunoblotting showed their predominantly mitochondrial localization. Given that previous studies have only indirectly compared the subcellular localization of the two iso-enzymes, we co-expressed them tagged with different fluorescent dyes (green and red fluorescent protein for hGDH1 and hGDH2, respectively) and found them to co-localize. Despite the wealth of information related to the functional properties of hGDH1 and hGDH2 and the availability of the hGDH1 structure, there is still an ongoing debate concerning their metabolic role and their involvement in disease processes. Data on the localization of hGDHs, as the ones presented here, could contribute to better understanding of the function of these important human enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambros Mathioudakis
- Neurology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mara Bourbouli
- Neurology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elisavet Daklada
- Neurology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Sofia Kargatzi
- Neurology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kleita Michaelidou
- Neurology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Zaganas
- Neurology Laboratory, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. .,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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Feresin RG, Huang J, Klarich DS, Zhao Y, Pourafshar S, Arjmandi BH, Salazar G. Blackberry, raspberry and black raspberry polyphenol extracts attenuate angiotensin II-induced senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells. Food Funct 2018; 7:4175-4187. [PMID: 27506987 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo00743k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Activation of angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling during aging increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to vascular senescence, a process linked to the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Consumption of fruits and vegetables, particularly berries, is associated with decreased incidence of CVD, which has mainly been attributed to the polyphenol content of these foods. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the role of blackberry (BL), raspberry (RB), and black raspberry (BRB) polyphenol extracts in attenuating Ang II-induced senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and to determine the molecular mechanisms involved. BL, RB and BRB polyphenol extracts (200 μg ml-1) attenuated Ang II-induced senescence, denoted by decreased number of cells positive for senescence associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and down-regulation of p21 and p53 expression, which were associated with decreased ROS levels and Ang II signaling. BL polyphenol extract increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 expression, attenuated the up-regulation of Nox1 expression and the phosphorylation of Akt, p38MAPK and ERK1/2 induced by Ang II, and reduced senescence in response to Nox1 overexpression. In contrast, RB and BRB polyphenol extracts up-regulated the expression of SOD1, SOD2, and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), but exerted no effect on Nox1 expression nor on senescence induced by Nox1 overexpression. BRB reduced signaling similar to BL, while RB was unable to reduce Akt phosphorylation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that inhibition of Akt, p38MAPK and ERK1/2 as well as down-regulation of Nox1 by siRNA prevented senescence induced by Ang II. Our findings indicate that Ang II-induced senescence is attenuated by BL polyphenols through a Nox1-dependent mechanism and by RB and BRB polyphenols in a Nox1-independent manner, likely by increasing the cellular antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela G Feresin
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. and Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jingwen Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - DawnKylee S Klarich
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Yitong Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
| | - Shirin Pourafshar
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. and Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Bahram H Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. and Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. and Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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42
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Shearn CT, Orlicky DJ, Petersen DR. Dysregulation of antioxidant responses in patients diagnosed with concomitant Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis/Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 104:1-8. [PMID: 29180269 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease that is characterized by severe peri-biliary tract inflammation and fibrosis, elevated oxidative stress and hepatocellular injury. A hallmark of PSC patients is the concurrent diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease occurring in approximately 70%-80% of PSC patients (PSC/IBD). The objective of this study was to determine the impact of end stage PSC/IBD on cellular antioxidant responses and the formation of protein carbonylation. METHODS Using hepatic tissue and whole cell extracts isolated from age-matched healthy humans and patients diagnosed with end stage PSC/IBD, overall inflammation, oxidative stress, and protein carbonylation were assessed by Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Increased immunohistochemical staining for CD3+ (lymphocyte), CD68 (Kupffer cell) and myeloperoxidase (neutrophil) colocalized with the extensive Picrosirius red stained fibrosis confirming the inflammatory aspect of PSC. Importantly, the increased inflammation also colocalized with elevated periportal post-translational modification by the reactive aldehydes 4-HNE, MDA and acrolein. 4-HNE, MDA and acrolein IHC all displayed a significant component in hepatocytes adjacent to fibrotic regions. Furthermore, acrolein was also elevated within the nuclei of periportal inflammatory cells whereas MDA staining was increased in hepatocytes across the lobule. Prussian Blue staining, when compared to the positive controls (ALD, NASH), did not display any evidence of iron accumulation in PSC/IBD livers. Western analysis of PSC/IBD anti-oxidant responses revealed elevated expression of SOD2, GSTπ as well as upregulation of Akt Ser473 phosphorylation. In contrast, expression of GSTμ, GSTA4, catalase, Gpx1 and Hsp70 were suppressed. These data were further supported by a significant decrease in measured GST activity. Dysregulation of anti-oxidant responses in the periportal region of the liver was supported by elevated SOD2 and GSTπ IHC signals in periportal hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. Expression of the Nrf2-regulated proteins HO-1, NAD(P)H quinone reductase (NQO1) and Gpx1 was primarily localized to macrophages. In contrast, catalase staining decreased within periportal hepatocytes and was not evident within cholangiocytes. CONCLUSIONS Results herein provide additional evidence that cholestasis induces significant increases in periportal oxidative stress and suggest that there are significant differences in the cellular and subcellular generation of reactive aldehydes formed during cholestatic liver injury. Furthermore, these data suggest that anti-oxidant responses are dysregulated during end-stage PSC/IBD supporting pathological data. This work was funded by NIH5R37AA009300-22 D.R.P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin T Shearn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Dennis R Petersen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
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43
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Colasante C, Chen J, Ahlemeyer B, Baumgart-Vogt E. Peroxisomes in cardiomyocytes and the peroxisome / peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-loop. Thromb Haemost 2017; 113:452-63. [DOI: 10.1160/th14-06-0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
SummaryIt is well established that the heart is strongly dependent on fatty acid metabolism. In cardiomyocytes there are two distinct sites for the β-oxidisation of fatty acids: the mitochondrion and the peroxisome. Although the metabolism of these two organelles is believed to be tightly coupled, the nature of this relationship has not been fully investigated. Recent research has established the significant contribution of mitochondrial function to cardiac ATP production under normal and pathological conditions. In contrast, limited information is available on peroxisomal function in the heart. This is despite these organelles harbouring metabolic pathways that are potentially cardioprotective, and findings that patients with peroxisomal diseases, such as adult Refsum’s disease, can develop heart failure. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview on the current knowledge of peroxisomes and the regulation of lipid metabolism by PPARs in cardiomyocytes. We also present new experimental evidence on the differential expression of peroxisome-related genes in the heart chambers and demonstrate that even a mild peroxisomal biogenesis defect (Pex11α-/- ) can induce profound alterations in the cardiomyocyte’s peroxisomal compartment and related gene expression, including the concomitant deregulation of specific PPARs. The possible impact of peroxisomal dysfunction in the heart is discussed and a model for the modulation of myocardial metabolism via a peroxisome/PPAR-loop is proposed.
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Chang Y, Wei W, Tong L, Liu Y, Zhou A, Chen J, Wei R, Zhang P, Su X. Weikangning therapy in functional dyspepsia and the protective role of Nrf2. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:2885-2894. [PMID: 28928800 PMCID: PMC5590041 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a non-organic gastrointestinal disorder that has a marked negative impact on quality of life. Compared with conventional pharmacological therapies, the traditional Chinese medicine weikangning (WKN) is a safe and effective treatment for FD. The present study aimed to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the efficacy of WKN. The effect of different concentrations of WKN on the proliferation of the human gastric mucosal epithelial cell line GES-1 was assessed. The optimal WKN concentration to promote cell proliferation was determined, and this concentration was used to examine the effect of WKN compared with a domperidone-treated positive control group on the antioxidant capacity of GES-1 cells. The effect of WKN treatment on the growth and antioxidant activity of GES-1 cells was also assessed following nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2) knockdown. The optimal WKN dose for promoting cell growth was determined to be 0.025 mg/ml; at this concentration the expression of the antioxidant proteins glutathione S-transferase P and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) were significantly elevated (P<0.0001). Furthermore, the amount of reduced glutathione and activity of SOD2 were significantly increased (P<0.0001 and P<0.01, respectively), and malondialdehyde content was significantly decreased, compared with the controls (P<0.001). With WKN treatment, the transcription of Nrf2 and its downstream genes were significantly upregulated (P<0.01), and the level and nuclear distribution of Nrf2 protein was also markedly increased. Following Nrf2 silencing, the protective antioxidant effects of WKN treatment were impaired and GES-1 cell proliferation decreased. The results of the present study suggest that the efficacy of WKN in protecting gastric mucosal epithelial cells in FD is antioxidant-dependent and mediated by Nrf2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Chang
- Department of Postgraduate Studies, Oriental Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Li Tong
- Institute of Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Aimin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
| | - Jiande Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 44115, USA
| | - Ruhan Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, P.R. China
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45
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Afolayan AJ, Alexander M, Holme RL, Michalkiewicz T, Rana U, Teng RJ, Zemanovic S, Sahoo D, Pritchard KA, Konduri GG. Domain Mapping of Heat Shock Protein 70 Reveals That Glutamic Acid 446 and Arginine 447 Are Critical for Regulating Superoxide Dismutase 2 Function. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:2369-2378. [PMID: 28028182 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.756122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) interacts with superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) in the cytosol after synthesis to transfer the enzyme to the mitochondria for subsequent activation. However, the structural basis for this interaction remains to be defined. To map the SOD2-binding site in hsp70, mutants of hsp70 were made and tested for their ability to bind SOD2. These studies showed that SOD2 binds in the amino acid 393-537 region of the chaperone. To map the hsp70-binding site in SOD2, we used a series of pulldown assays and showed that hsp70 binds to the amino-terminal domain of SOD2. To better define the binding site, we used a series of decoy peptides derived from the primary amino acid sequence in the SOD2-binding site in hsp70. This study shows that SOD2 specifically binds to hsp70 at 445GERAMT450 Small peptides containing GERAMT inhibited the transfer of SOD2 to the mitochondria and decreased SOD2 activity in vitro and in vivo To determine the amino acid residues in hsp70 that are critical for SOD2 interactions, we substituted each amino acid residue for alanine or more conservative residues, glutamine or asparagine, in the GERAMT-binding site. Substitutions of E446A/Q and R447A/Q inhibited the ability of the GERAMT peptide to bind SOD2 and preserved SOD2 function more than other substitutions. Together, these findings indicate that the GERAMT sequence is critical for hsp70-mediated regulation of SOD2 and that Glu446 and Arg447 cooperate with other amino acid residues in the GERAMT-binding site for proper chaperone-dependent regulation of SOD2 antioxidant function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleye J Afolayan
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Center, .,Children's Research Institute
| | - Maxwell Alexander
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Center.,Children's Research Institute
| | - Rebecca L Holme
- Children's Research Institute.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Teresa Michalkiewicz
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Center.,Children's Research Institute
| | - Ujala Rana
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Center.,Children's Research Institute
| | - Ru-Jeng Teng
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Center.,Children's Research Institute
| | - Sara Zemanovic
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Center.,Children's Research Institute
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Children's Research Institute.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Kirkwood A Pritchard
- Children's Research Institute.,Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, and
| | - Girija G Konduri
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Center.,Children's Research Institute
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46
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Rahim RS, Chen M, Nourse CC, Meedeniya ACB, Crane DI. Mitochondrial changes and oxidative stress in a mouse model of Zellweger syndrome neuropathogenesis. Neuroscience 2016; 334:201-213. [PMID: 27514574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zellweger syndrome (ZS) is a peroxisome biogenesis disorder that involves significant neuropathology, the molecular basis of which is still poorly understood. Using a mouse model of ZS with brain-restricted deficiency of the peroxisome biogenesis protein PEX13, we demonstrated an expanded and morphologically modified brain mitochondrial population. Cultured fibroblasts from PEX13-deficient mouse embryo displayed similar changes, as well as increased levels of mitochondrial superoxide and membrane depolarization; this phenotype was rescued by antioxidant treatment. Significant oxidative damage to neurons in brain was indicated by products of lipid and DNA oxidation. Similar overall changes were observed for glial cells. In toto, these findings suggest that mitochondrial oxidative stress and aberrant mitochondrial dynamics are associated with the neuropathology arising from PEX13 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Sadia Rahim
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, and School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Qld, Australia
| | - Mo Chen
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, and School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Qld, Australia
| | - C Cathrin Nourse
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, and School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Qld, Australia
| | - Adrian C B Meedeniya
- Griffith Health Institute, School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Qld, Australia
| | - Denis I Crane
- Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, and School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Qld, Australia.
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47
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Ussher JR, Fillmore N, Keung W, Zhang L, Mori J, Sidhu VK, Fukushima A, Gopal K, Lopaschuk DG, Wagg CS, Jaswal JS, Dyck JRB, Lopaschuk GD. Genetic and Pharmacological Inhibition of Malonyl CoA Decarboxylase Does Not Exacerbate Age-Related Insulin Resistance in Mice. Diabetes 2016; 65:1883-91. [PMID: 27207536 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with the development of chronic diseases such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A reduction in mitochondrial fat oxidation is postulated to be a key factor contributing to the progression of these diseases. Our aim was to investigate the contribution of impaired mitochondrial fat oxidation toward age-related disease. Mice deficient for malonyl CoA decarboxylase (MCD(-/-)), a mouse model of reduced fat oxidation, were allowed to age while life span and a number of physiological parameters (glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, indirect calorimetry) were assessed. Decreased fat oxidation in MCD(-/-) mice resulted in the accumulation of lipid intermediates in peripheral tissues, but this was not associated with a worsening of age-associated insulin resistance and, conversely, improved longevity. This improvement was associated with reduced oxidative stress and reduced acetylation of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 in muscle but not the liver of MCD(-/-) mice. These findings were recapitulated in aged mice treated with an MCD inhibitor (CBM-3001106), and these mice also demonstrated improvements in glucose and insulin tolerance. Therefore, our results demonstrate that in addition to decreasing fat oxidation, MCD inhibition also has novel effects on protein acetylation. These combined effects protect against age-related metabolic dysfunction, demonstrating that MCD inhibitors may have utility in the battle against chronic disease in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Natasha Fillmore
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Wendy Keung
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jun Mori
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Vaninder K Sidhu
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Arata Fukushima
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Keshav Gopal
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - David G Lopaschuk
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Cory S Wagg
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jagdip S Jaswal
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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48
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Power JHT, Barnes OL, Chegini F. Lewy Bodies and the Mechanisms of Neuronal Cell Death in Parkinson's Disease and Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Brain Pathol 2016; 27:3-12. [PMID: 26667592 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal loss in specific brain regions and neurons with intracellular inclusions termed Lewy bodies are the pathologic hallmark in both Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Lewy bodies comprise of aggregated intracellular vesicles and proteins and α-synuclein is reported to be a major protein component. Using human brain tissue from control, PD and DLB and light and confocal immunohistochemistry with antibodies to superoxide dismutase 2 as a marker for mitochondria, α-synuclein for Lewy bodies and βIII Tubulin for microtubules we have examined the relationship between Lewy bodies and mitochondrial loss. We have shown microtubule regression and mitochondrial and nuclear degradation in neurons with developing Lewy bodies. In PD, multiple Lewy bodies were often observed with α-synuclein interacting with DNA to cause marked nuclear degradation. In DLB, the mitochondria are drawn into the Lewy body and the mitochondrial integrity is lost. This work suggests that Lewy bodies are cytotoxic. In DLB, we suggest that microtubule regression and mitochondrial loss results in decreased cellular energy and axonal transport that leads to cell death. In PD, α-synuclein aggregations are associated with intact mitochondria but interacts with and causes nuclear degradation which may be the major cause of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H T Power
- Department of Human Physiology, Flinders Medical Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, South Australia
| | - Olivia L Barnes
- Department of Human Physiology, Flinders Medical Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, South Australia
| | - Fariba Chegini
- Department of Human Physiology, Flinders Medical Science and Technology, School of Medicine, Flinders University, South Australia
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49
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C22-bronchial and T7-alveolar epithelial cell lines of the immortomouse are excellent murine cell culture model systems to study pulmonary peroxisome biology and metabolism. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 145:287-304. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1385-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Reactive oxygen species and mitochondria: A nexus of cellular homeostasis. Redox Biol 2015; 6:472-485. [PMID: 26432659 PMCID: PMC4596921 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 647] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are integral components of multiple cellular pathways even though excessive or inappropriately localized ROS damage cells. ROS function as anti-microbial effector molecules and as signaling molecules that regulate such processes as NF-kB transcriptional activity, the production of DNA-based neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and autophagy. The main sources of cellular ROS are mitochondria and NADPH oxidases (NOXs). In contrast to NOX-generated ROS, ROS produced in the mitochondria (mtROS) were initially considered to be unwanted by-products of oxidative metabolism. Increasing evidence indicates that mtROS have been incorporated into signaling pathways including those regulating immune responses and autophagy. As metabolic hubs, mitochondria facilitate crosstalk between the metabolic state of the cell with these pathways. Mitochondria and ROS are thus a nexus of multiple pathways that determine the response of cells to disruptions in cellular homeostasis such as infection, sterile damage, and metabolic imbalance. In this review, we discuss the roles of mitochondria in the generation of ROS-derived anti-microbial effectors, the interplay of mitochondria and ROS with autophagy and the formation of DNA extracellular traps, and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by ROS and mitochondria.
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