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Watanabe H, Tao G, Gan P, Westbury BC, Cox KD, Tjen K, Song R, Fishman GI, Makita T, Sucov HM. Purkinje Cardiomyocytes of the Adult Ventricular Conduction System Are Highly Diploid but Not Uniquely Regenerative. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:jcdd10040161. [PMID: 37103040 PMCID: PMC10140853 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hearts are characterized by inefficient regeneration after injury, thus, the features that support or prevent cardiomyocyte (CM) proliferation are important to clarify. Diploid CMs are a candidate cell type that may have unique proliferative and regenerative competence, but no molecular markers are yet known that selectively identify all or subpopulations of diploid CMs. Here, using the conduction system expression marker Cntn2-GFP and the conduction system lineage marker Etv1CreERT2, we demonstrate that Purkinje CMs that comprise the adult ventricular conduction system are disproportionately diploid (33%, vs. 4% of bulk ventricular CMs). These, however, represent only a small proportion (3%) of the total diploid CM population. Using EdU incorporation during the first postnatal week, we demonstrate that bulk diploid CMs found in the later heart enter and complete the cell cycle during the neonatal period. In contrast, a significant fraction of conduction CMs persist as diploid cells from fetal life and avoid neonatal cell cycle activity. Despite their high degree of diploidy, the Purkinje lineage had no enhanced competence to support regeneration after adult heart infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Watanabe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ge Tao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Peiheng Gan
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Baylee C Westbury
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kristie D Cox
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kelsey Tjen
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ruolan Song
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Glenn I Fishman
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Takako Makita
- Darby Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Henry M Sucov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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2
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Dvorscek AR, McKenzie CI, Robinson MJ, Ding Z, Pitt C, O'Donnell K, Zotos D, Brink R, Tarlinton DM, Quast I. IL-21 has a critical role in establishing germinal centers by amplifying early B cell proliferation. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54677. [PMID: 35801309 PMCID: PMC9442303 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202254677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and differentiation of antigen‐specific B cells, including the generation of germinal centers (GC), are prerequisites for long‐lasting, antibody‐mediated immune protection. Affinity for antigen determines B cell recruitment, proliferation, differentiation, and competitiveness in the response, largely through determining access to T cell help. However, how T cell‐derived signals contribute to these outcomes is incompletely understood. Here, we report how the signature cytokine of follicular helper T cells, IL‐21, acts as a key regulator of the initial B cell response by accelerating cell cycle progression and the rate of cycle entry, increasing their contribution to the ensuing GC. This effect occurs over a wide range of initial B cell receptor affinities and correlates with elevated AKT and S6 phosphorylation. Moreover, the resultant increased proliferation can explain the IL‐21‐mediated promotion of plasma cell differentiation. Collectively, our data establish that IL‐21 acts from the outset of a T cell‐dependent immune response to increase cell cycle progression and fuel cyclic re‐entry of B cells, thereby regulating the initial GC size and early plasma cell output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R Dvorscek
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Craig I McKenzie
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Marcus J Robinson
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Zhoujie Ding
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Catherine Pitt
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Kristy O'Donnell
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Dimitra Zotos
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Robert Brink
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David M Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Isaak Quast
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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3
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Cutler AA, Pawlikowski B, Wheeler JR, Dalla Betta N, Elston T, O’Rourke R, Jones K, Olwin BB. The regenerating skeletal muscle niche drives satellite cell return to quiescence. iScience 2022; 25:104444. [PMID: 35733848 PMCID: PMC9207300 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle stem cells, or satellite cells (SCs), are essential to regenerate and maintain muscle. Quiescent SCs reside in an asymmetric niche between the basal lamina and myofiber membrane. To repair muscle, SCs activate, proliferate, and differentiate, fusing to repair myofibers or reacquiring quiescence to replenish the SC niche. Little is known about when SCs reacquire quiescence during regeneration or the cellular processes that direct SC fate decisions. We find that most SCs reacquire quiescence 5–10 days after muscle injury, following differentiation and fusion of most cells to regenerate myofibers. Single-cell sequencing of myogenic cells in regenerating muscle identifies SCs reacquiring quiescence and reveals that noncell autonomous signaling networks influence SC fate decisions during regeneration. SC transplantation experiments confirm that the regenerating environment influences SC fate. We define a window for SC repopulation of the niche, emphasizing the temporal contribution of the regenerative muscle environment on SC fate. Satellite cells primarily produce myonuclei in the first 4 days following injury Most satellite cells reacquire quiescence 5–7 days following injury Asymmetric division pathways are elevated in satellite cells reacquiring quiescence The regenerating muscle environment directs satellite cell fate decisions
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A. Cutler
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Bradley Pawlikowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80217, USA
| | - Joshua R. Wheeler
- Departments of Pathology and Neuropathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicole Dalla Betta
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Tiffany Elston
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Rebecca O’Rourke
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80217, USA
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80217, USA
| | - Bradley B. Olwin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Corresponding author
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4
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Samaddar S, Purkayastha S, Diallo S, Tantry SJ, Schroder R, Chanthrakumar P, Flory MJ, Banerjee P. The G Protein-Coupled Serotonin 1A Receptor Augments Protein Kinase Cε-Mediated Neurogenesis in Neonatal Mouse Hippocampus-PKCε-Mediated Signaling in the Early Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1962. [PMID: 35216076 PMCID: PMC8878481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) plays an important role in mood disorders. It has been demonstrated that 5-HT signaling through 5-HT1A receptors (5-HT1A-R) is crucial for early postnatal hippocampal development and later-life behavior. Although this suggests that 5-HT1A-R signaling regulates early brain development, the mechanistic underpinnings of this process have remained unclear. Here we show that stimulation of the 5-HT1A-R at postnatal day 6 (P6) by intrahippocampal infusion of the agonist 8-OH-DPAT (D) causes signaling through protein kinase Cε (PKCε) and extracellular receptor activated kinase ½ (ERK1/2) to boost neuroblast proliferation in the dentate gyrus (DG), as displayed by an increase in bromodeoxy-uridine (BrdU), doublecortin (DCX) double-positive cells. This boost in neuroproliferation was eliminated in mice treated with D in the presence of a 5-HT1A-R antagonist (WAY100635), a selective PKCε inhibitor, or an ERK1/2-kinase (MEK) inhibitor (U0126). It is believed that hippocampal neuro-progenitors undergoing neonatal proliferation subsequently become postmitotic and enter the synaptogenesis phase. Double-staining with antibodies against bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) confirmed that 5-HT1A-R → PKCε → ERK1/2-mediated boosted neuroproliferation at P6 also leads to an increase in BrdU-labeled granular neurons at P36. This 5-HT1A-R-mediated increase in mature neurons was unlikely due to suppressed apoptosis, because terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling analysis showed no difference in DNA terminal labeling between vehicle and 8-OH-DPAT-infused mice. Therefore, 5-HT1A-R signaling through PKCε may play an important role in micro-neurogenesis in the DG at P6, following which many of these new-born neuroprogenitors develop into mature neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreyashi Samaddar
- Department of Physical Therapy, The College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA;
| | | | | | | | - Ryan Schroder
- Eurofins Lancaster PSS, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA;
| | | | - Michael J. Flory
- Research Design and Analysis Service, New York State Institute for Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA;
| | - Probal Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Developmental Neuroscience, The College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
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5
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Maltsev DI, Mellanson KA, Belousov VV, Enikolopov GN, Podgorny OV. The bioavailability time of commonly used thymidine analogues after intraperitoneal delivery in mice: labeling kinetics in vivo and clearance from blood serum. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 157:239-250. [PMID: 34757474 PMCID: PMC10411052 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-021-02048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Detection of synthetic thymidine analogues after their incorporation into replicating DNA during the S-phase of the cell cycle is a widely exploited methodology for evaluating proliferative activity, tracing dividing and post-mitotic cells, and determining cell-cycle parameters both in vitro and in vivo. To produce valid quantitative readouts for in vivo experiments with single intraperitoneal delivery of a particular nucleotide, it is necessary to determine the time interval during which a synthetic thymidine analogue can be incorporated into newly synthesized DNA, and the time by which the nucleotide is cleared from the blood serum. To date, using a variety of methods, only the bioavailability time of tritiated thymidine and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) have been evaluated. Recent advances in double- and triple-S-phase labeling using 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdU), 5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine (CldU), and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) have raised the question of the bioavailability time of these modified nucleotides. Here, we examined their labeling kinetics in vivo and evaluated label clearance from blood serum after single intraperitoneal delivery to mice at doses equimolar to the saturation dose of BrdU (150 mg/kg). We found that under these conditions, all the examined thymidine analogues exhibit similar labeling kinetics and clearance rates from the blood serum. Our results indicate that all thymidine analogues delivered at the indicated doses have similar bioavailability times (approximately 1 h). Our findings are significant for the practical use of multiple S-phase labeling with any combinations of BrdU, IdU, CldU, and EdU and for obtaining valid labeling readouts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry I Maltsev
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, 117997
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Kennelia A Mellanson
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Program and Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, 117997
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 117997
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 117997
| | - Grigori N Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics and Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Institute for Advanced Brain Studies, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 119991
| | - Oleg V Podgorny
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 117997.
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, 117997.
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119334.
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6
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Recent advances in nucleotide analogue-based techniques for tracking dividing stem cells: An overview. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101345. [PMID: 34717955 PMCID: PMC8592869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of thymidine analogues after their incorporation into replicating DNA represents a powerful tool for the study of cellular DNA synthesis, progression through the cell cycle, cell proliferation kinetics, chronology of cell division, and cell fate determination. Recent advances in the concurrent detection of multiple such analogues offer new avenues for the investigation of unknown features of these vital cellular processes. Combined with quantitative analysis, temporal discrimination of multiple labels enables elucidation of various aspects of stem cell life cycle in situ, such as division modes, differentiation, maintenance, and elimination. Data obtained from such experiments are critically important for creating descriptive models of tissue histogenesis and renewal in embryonic development and adult life. Despite the wide use of thymidine analogues in stem cell research, there are a number of caveats to consider for obtaining valid and reliable labeling results when marking replicating DNA with nucleotide analogues. Therefore, in this review, we describe critical points regarding dosage, delivery, and detection of nucleotide analogues in the context of single and multiple labeling, outline labeling schemes based on pulse-chase, cumulative and multilabel marking of replicating DNA for revealing stem cell proliferative behaviors, and determining cell cycle parameters, and discuss preconditions and pitfalls in conducting such experiments. The information presented in our review is important for rational design of experiments on tracking dividing stem cells by marking replicating DNA with thymidine analogues.
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7
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Inflammation- and Gut-Homing Macrophages, Engineered to De Novo Overexpress Active Vitamin D, Promoted the Regenerative Function of Intestinal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179516. [PMID: 34502422 PMCID: PMC8430522 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gut. Available drugs aim to suppress gut inflammation. These drugs have significantly delayed disease progression and improved patients’ quality of life. However, the disease continues to progress, underscoring the need to develop novel therapies. Aside from chronic gut inflammation, IBD patients also experience a leaky gut problem due to damage to the intestinal epithelial layer. In this regard, epithelial regeneration and repair are mediated by intestinal stem cells. However, no therapies are available to directly enhance the intestinal stem cells’ regenerative and repair function. Recently, it was shown that active vitamin D, i.e., 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or 1,25(OH)2D, was necessary to maintain Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells, actively cycling under physiological conditions. In this study, we used two strategies to investigate the role of 1,25(OH)2D in intestinal stem cells’ regenerative function. First, to avoid the side effects of systemic high 1,25(OH)2D conditions, we used our recently developed novel strategy to deliver locally high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations specifically to inflamed intestines. Second, because of the Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells’ active cycling status, we used a pulse-and-chase strategy via 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling to trace the Lgr5+ stem cells through the whole epithelial regeneration process. Our data showed that locally high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations enhanced intestinal stem cell migration. Additionally, the migrated cells differentiated into mature epithelial cells. Our data, therefore, suggest that local delivery of high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations is a promising strategy to augment intestinal epithelial repair in IBD patients.
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8
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Modeling the Dynamics of T-Cell Development in the Thymus. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23040437. [PMID: 33918050 PMCID: PMC8069328 DOI: 10.3390/e23040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The thymus hosts the development of a specific type of adaptive immune cells called T cells. T cells orchestrate the adaptive immune response through recognition of antigen by the highly variable T-cell receptor (TCR). T-cell development is a tightly coordinated process comprising lineage commitment, somatic recombination of Tcr gene loci and selection for functional, but non-self-reactive TCRs, all interspersed with massive proliferation and cell death. Thus, the thymus produces a pool of T cells throughout life capable of responding to virtually any exogenous attack while preserving the body through self-tolerance. The thymus has been of considerable interest to both immunologists and theoretical biologists due to its multi-scale quantitative properties, bridging molecular binding, population dynamics and polyclonal repertoire specificity. Here, we review experimental strategies aimed at revealing quantitative and dynamic properties of T-cell development and how they have been implemented in mathematical modeling strategies that were reported to help understand the flexible dynamics of the highly dividing and dying thymic cell populations. Furthermore, we summarize the current challenges to estimating in vivo cellular dynamics and to reaching a next-generation multi-scale picture of T-cell development.
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9
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Ciciriello AJ, Smith DR, Munsell MK, Boyd SJ, Shea LD, Dumont CM. Acute Implantation of Aligned Hydrogel Tubes Supports Delayed Spinal Progenitor Implantation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5771-5784. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Ciciriello
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33156, United States
- Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, 1951 NW Seventh Avenue Suite 475, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Dominique R. Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mary K. Munsell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sydney J. Boyd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33156, United States
| | - Lonnie D. Shea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel Boulevard, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Courtney M. Dumont
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33156, United States
- Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute at the University of Miami (BioNIUM), University of Miami, 1951 NW Seventh Avenue Suite 475, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
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10
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Skirecki T, Swacha P, Hoser G, Golab J, Nowis D, Kozłowska E. Bone marrow is the preferred site of memory CD4+ T cell proliferation during recovery from sepsis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134475. [PMID: 32434988 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis survivors suffer from increased vulnerability to infections, and lymphopenia presumably contributes to this problem. The mechanisms of the recovery of memory CD4+ T cells after sepsis remain elusive. We used the cecal ligation and puncture mouse model of sepsis to study the restoration of the memory CD4+ T cells during recovery from sepsis. Then, adoptive transfer of antigen-specific naive CD4+ T cells followed by immunization and BrdU labeling were performed to trace the proliferation and migration of memory CD4+ T cells. We revealed that the bone marrow (BM) is the primary site of CD4+ memory T cell homing and proliferation after sepsis-induced lymphopenia. Of interest, BM CD4+ T cells had a higher basal proliferation rate in comparison with splenic T cells. These cells also show features of resident memory T cells yet have the capacity to migrate outside the BM niche and engraft secondary lymphoid organs. The BM niche also sustains viability and functionality of CD4+ T cells. We also identified IL-7 as the major inducer of proliferation of the BM memory CD4+ T cells and showed that recombinant IL-7 improves the recovery of these cells. Taken together, we provide data on the mechanism and location of memory CD4+ T cell proliferation during recovery from septic lymphopenia, which are of relevance in studying immunostimulatory therapies in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Skirecki
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Swacha
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grażyna Hoser
- Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Nowis
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Genomic Medicine, Department of General, Transplant and Liver Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kozłowska
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Kretschmer L, Flossdorf M, Mir J, Cho YL, Plambeck M, Treise I, Toska A, Heinzel S, Schiemann M, Busch DH, Buchholz VR. Differential expansion of T central memory precursor and effector subsets is regulated by division speed. Nat Commun 2020; 11:113. [PMID: 31913278 PMCID: PMC6949285 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13788-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While antigen-primed T cells proliferate at speeds close to the physiologic maximum of mammalian cells, T cell memory is maintained in the absence of antigen by rare cell divisions. The transition between these distinct proliferative programs has been difficult to resolve via population-based analyses. Here, we computationally reconstruct the proliferative history of single CD8+ T cells upon vaccination and measure the division speed of emerging T cell subsets in vivo. We find that slower cycling central memory precursors, characterized by an elongated G1 phase, segregate early from the bulk of rapidly dividing effector subsets, and further slow-down their cell cycle upon premature removal of antigenic stimuli. In contrast, curtailed availability of inflammatory stimuli selectively restrains effector T cell proliferation due to reduced receptivity for interleukin-2. In line with these findings, persistence of antigenic but not inflammatory stimuli throughout clonal expansion critically determines the later size of the memory compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz Kretschmer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Flossdorf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Jonas Mir
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Yi-Li Cho
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Marten Plambeck
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Irina Treise
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.,German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Albulena Toska
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Heinzel
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthias Schiemann
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk H Busch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Veit R Buchholz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.
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12
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He Z, Allers C, Sugimoto C, Ahmed N, Fujioka H, Kim WK, Didier ES, Kuroda MJ. Rapid Turnover and High Production Rate of Myeloid Cells in Adult Rhesus Macaques with Compensations during Aging. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:4059-4067. [PMID: 29728510 PMCID: PMC6263173 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils, basophils, and monocytes are continuously produced in bone marrow via myelopoiesis, circulate in blood, and are eventually removed from circulation to maintain homeostasis. To quantitate the kinetics of myeloid cell movement during homeostasis, we applied 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine pulse labeling in healthy rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) followed by hematology and flow cytometry analyses. Results were applied to a mathematical model, and the blood circulating half-life and daily production, respectively, of each cell type from macaques aged 5-10 y old were calculated for neutrophils (1.63 ± 0.16 d, 1.42 × 109 cells/l/d), basophils (1.78 ± 0.30 d, 5.89 × 106 cells/l/d), and CD14+CD16- classical monocytes (1.01 ± 0.15 d, 3.09 × 108 cells/l/d). Classical monocytes were released into the blood circulation as early as 1 d after dividing, whereas neutrophils remained in bone marrow 4-5 d before being released. Among granulocytes, neutrophils and basophils exhibited distinct kinetics in bone marrow maturation time and blood circulation. With increasing chronological age, there was a significant decrease in daily production of neutrophils and basophils, but the half-life of these granulocytes remained unchanged between 3 and 19 y of age. In contrast, daily production of classical monocytes remained stable through 19 y of age but exhibited a significant decline in half-life. These results demonstrated relatively short half-lives and continuous replenishment of neutrophils, basophils, and classical monocytes during homeostasis in adult rhesus macaques with compensations observed during increasing chronological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan He
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Science Center, Covington, LA 70433
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
| | - Carolina Allers
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Science Center, Covington, LA 70433
| | - Chie Sugimoto
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Science Center, Covington, LA 70433
| | - Nursarat Ahmed
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Science Center, Covington, LA 70433
| | - Hideki Fujioka
- Center for Computational Science, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118
| | - Woong-Ki Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507; and
| | - Elizabeth S Didier
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Science Center, Covington, LA 70433
| | - Marcelo J Kuroda
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University Health Science Center, Covington, LA 70433;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112
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13
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Scheibinger M, Ellwanger DC, Corrales CE, Stone JS, Heller S. Aminoglycoside Damage and Hair Cell Regeneration in the Chicken Utricle. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2017; 19:17-29. [PMID: 29134476 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-017-0646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present a systematic characterization of hair cell loss and regeneration in the chicken utricle in vivo. A single unilateral surgical delivery of streptomycin caused robust decline of hair cell numbers in striolar as well as extrastriolar regions, which in the striola was detected very early, 6 h post-insult. During the initial 12 h of damage response, we observed global repression of DNA replication, in contrast to the natural, mitotic hair cell production in undamaged control utricles. Regeneration of hair cells in striolar and extrastriolar regions occurred via high rates of asymmetric supporting cell divisions, accompanied by delayed replenishment by symmetric division. While asymmetric division of supporting cells is the main regenerative response to aminoglycoside damage, the detection of symmetric divisions supports the concept of direct transdifferentiation where supporting cells need to be replenished after their phenotypic conversion into new hair cells. Supporting cell divisions appear to be well coordinated because total supporting cell numbers throughout the regenerative process were invariant, despite the initial large-scale loss of hair cells. We conclude that a single ototoxic drug application provides an experimental framework to study the precise onset and timing of utricle hair cell regeneration in vivo. Our findings indicate that initial triggers and signaling events occur already within a few hours after aminoglycoside exposure. Direct transdifferentiation and asymmetric division of supporting cells to generate new hair cells subsequently happen largely in parallel and persist for several days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Scheibinger
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Daniel C Ellwanger
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - C Eduardo Corrales
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer S Stone
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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14
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Joksić G, Mićić M, Filipović J, Drakulić D, Stanojlović M, Čalija B, Valenta Šobot A, Demajo M, Nilsson R. Cell proliferation assay – method optimisation for in vivo labeling of DNA in the rat forestomach. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/acve-2017-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The study of cell proliferation is a useful tool in the fields of toxicology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. Cell proliferation and its degree can be evaluated using 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine which is incorporated into the newly synthesized DNA. The aim of this study was the optimization of subcutaneous application of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine implantation for continuous and persistent marking of proliferating cells in the rat forestomach. 3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole was used as the agent that ensures cell proliferation. In order to determine the optimal dose for proliferating cells labeling, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine doses of 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg or 350 mg were implemented 2 days prior to sacrifice by flat-faced cylindrical matrices. Immunohistochemical analysis using 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine in situ detection kit was performed for the detection of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine labeled cells. The results showed that for adult rats, the optimum 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine dose is 200 mg per animal for subcutaneous application. The here described manner of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine in vivo labeling provides a simple, efficient, and reliable method for cell labeling, and at the same minimizes stress to animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Joksić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mileva Mićić
- Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Dr. Subotića Street 4, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Filipović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dunja Drakulić
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Stanojlović
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Čalija
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Valenta Šobot
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Demajo
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Robert Nilsson
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
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Alexovič Matiašová A, Ševc J, Tomori Z, Gombalová Z, Gedrová Š, Daxnerová Z. Quantitative analyses of cellularity and proliferative activity reveals the dynamics of the central canal lining during postnatal development of the rat. J Comp Neurol 2017; 525:693-707. [PMID: 27503700 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
According to previous opinion, the derivation of neurons and glia from the central canal (CC) lining of the spinal cord in rodents should occur in the embryonic period. Reports of the mitotic activity observed in the lining during postnatal development have often been contradictory, and proliferation was ascribed to the generation of ependymocytes, which are necessary for the elongation of CC walls. Our study quantifies the intensity of proliferation and determines the cellularity of the CC lining in reference to lumbar spinal segment L4 during the postnatal development of rats. The presence of dividing cells peaks in the CC lining on postnatal day 8 (P8), with division occurring in 19.2% ± 3.2% of cells. In adult rats, 3.6% ± 0.9% of cells still proliferate, whereas, in mice, 10.3% ± 2.3% of cells at P8 and only 0.6% ± 0.2% of cells in the CC lining in adulthood are proliferating. In the rat, the length of the cell cycle increases from 100.3 ± 35.7 hours at P1 to 401.4 ± 80.6 hours at P43, with a sudden extension between P15 and P22. Despite the intensive proliferation, the total cellularity of the CC lining at the L4 spinal segment significantly descended in from P8 to P15. According to our calculations, the estimated cellularity was significantly higher compared with the measured cellularity of the CC lining at P15. Our results indicate that CC lining serves as a source of cells beyond ependymal cells during the first postnatal weeks of the rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:693-707, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alexovič Matiašová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, 04001, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Juraj Ševc
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, 04001, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zoltán Tomori
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 04001, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Gombalová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, 04001, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Štefánia Gedrová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, 04001, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Daxnerová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, 04001, Košice, Slovak Republic
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16
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Brunner R, Lai HL, Deliu Z, Melman E, Geenen DL, Wang QT. Asxl2 -/- Mice Exhibit De Novo Cardiomyocyte Production during Adulthood. J Dev Biol 2016; 4:jdb4040032. [PMID: 29615595 PMCID: PMC5831801 DOI: 10.3390/jdb4040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart attacks affect more than seven million people worldwide each year. A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, may result in the death of a billion cardiomyocytes within hours. The adult mammalian heart does not have an effective mechanism to replace lost cardiomyocytes. Instead, lost muscle is replaced with scar tissue, which decreases blood pumping ability and leads to heart failure over time. Here, we report that the loss of the chromatin factor ASXL2 results in spontaneous proliferation and cardiogenic differentiation of a subset of interstitial non-cardiomyocytes. The adult Asxl2-/- heart displays spontaneous overgrowth without cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Thymidine analog labeling and Ki67 staining of 12-week-old hearts revealed 3- and 5-fold increases of proliferation rate for vimentin⁺ non-cardiomyocytes in Asxl2-/- over age- and sex-matched wildtype controls, respectively. Approximately 10% of proliferating non-cardiomyocytes in the Asxl2-/- heart express the cardiogenic marker NKX2-5, a frequency that is ~7-fold higher than that observed in the wildtype. EdU lineage tracing experiments showed that ~6% of pulsed-labeled non-cardiomyocytes in Asxl2-/- hearts differentiate into mature cardiomyocytes after a four-week chase, a phenomenon not observed for similarly pulse-chased wildtype controls. Taken together, these data indicate de novo cardiomyocyte production in the Asxl2-/- heart due to activation of a population of proliferative cardiogenic non-cardiomyocytes. Our study suggests the existence of an epigenetic barrier to cardiogenicity in the adult heart and raises the intriguing possibility of unlocking regenerative potential via transient modulation of epigenetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Brunner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Hsiao-Lei Lai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
- PTM Biolabs Inc., Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Zane Deliu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
| | - Elan Melman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
- The School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
| | - David L Geenen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
- Physician Assistant Studies, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
| | - Q Tian Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
- Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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17
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Yucel A, Yucel N, Ozkanlar S, Polat E, Kara A, Ozcan H, Gulec M. Effect of agomelatine on adult hippocampus apoptosis and neurogenesis using the stress model of rats. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:299-304. [PMID: 26970810 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Agomelatine (AG) is an agonist of melatonin receptors and an antagonist of the 5-HT2C-receptor subtype. The chronobiotic properties of AG are of significant interest due to the disorganization of internal rhythms, which might play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. The present study was designed to assess the effects of the antidepressant-like activity of AG, a new antidepressant drug, on adult neurogenesis and apoptosis using stress-exposed rat brains. Over the period of 1 week, the rats were exposed to light stress twice a day for 1h. After a period of 1 week, the rats were given AG treatment at a dose of either 10mg/kg or 40mg/kg for 15 days. The animals were then scarified, and the obtained tissue sections were stained with immuno-histochemical anti-BrdU, Caspase-3, and Bcl-2 antibodies. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations were measured biochemically using a BDNF Elisa kit. Biochemical BDNF analysis revealed a high concentration of BDNF in the serum of the stress-exposed group, but the concentrations of BDNF were much lower those of the AG-treated groups. Immuno-histochemical analysis revealed that AG treatment decreased the BrdU-positive and Bcl-2-positive cell densities and increased the Caspase-3-positive cell density in the hippocampus of stress-induced rats as compared to those of the stress group. The results of the study demonstrated that AG treatment ameliorated the hippocampal apoptotic cells and increased hippocampal neurogenesis. These results also strengthen the possible relationship between depression and adult neurogenesis, which must be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atakan Yucel
- Department of Psychiatry, Erzurum Regional Education and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nermin Yucel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Seckin Ozkanlar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Polat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adem Kara
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Halil Ozcan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Gulec
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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18
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A timeline demarcating two waves of clonal deletion and Foxp3 upregulation during thymocyte development. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 94:357-66. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Ševc J, Matiašová A, Smoleková I, Jendželovský R, Mikeš J, Tomášová L, Kútna V, Daxnerová Z, Fedoročko P. Peroral administration of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine in drinking water is not a reliable method for labeling proliferating S-phase cells in rats. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2015; 74:33-9. [PMID: 26045061 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2015.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In rodents, peroral (p.o.) administration of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) dissolved in drinking water is a widely used method for labeling newly formed cells over a prolonged time-period. Despite the broad applicability of this method, the pharmacokinetics of BrdU in rats or mice after p.o. administration remains unknown. Moreover, the p.o. route of administration may be limited by the relatively low amount of BrdU consumed over 24h and the characteristic drinking pattern of rats, with water intake being observed predominantly during the dark phase. Therefore, we investigated the reliability of staining proliferating S-phase cells with BrdU after p.o. administration (1mg/ml) to rats using both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Flow cytometric analysis of tumor cells co-cultivated with sera from experimental animals exposed to BrdU dissolved in drinking water or 25% orange juice revealed that the concentration of BrdU in the blood sera of rats throughout the day was below the detection limits of our assay. Ingested BrdU was only sufficient to label approximately 4.2±0.3% (water) or 4.2±0.3% (25% juice) of all S-phase cells. Analysis of data from in vivo conditions indicates that only 7.6±3.3% or 15.5±2.3% of all S-phase cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus was labeled in animals administered drinking water containing BrdU during the light and dark phases of the day. In addition, the intensity of BrdU-positive nuclei in animals receiving p.o. administration of BrdU was significantly lower than in control animals intraperitoneally injected with BrdU. Our data indicate that the conventional approach of p.o. administration of BrdU in the drinking water to rats provides strongly inaccurate information about the number of proliferating cells in target tissues. Therefore other administration routes, such as osmotic mini pumps, should be considered for labeling of proliferating cells over a prolonged time-period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Ševc
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| | - Anna Matiašová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ivana Smoleková
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Rastislav Jendželovský
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jaromír Mikeš
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Tomášová
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Viera Kútna
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Zuzana Daxnerová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Fedoročko
- Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
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20
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The Histochemistry and Cell Biology pandect: the year 2014 in review. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 143:339-68. [PMID: 25744491 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review encompasses a brief synopsis of the articles published in 2014 in Histochemistry and Cell Biology. Out of the total of 12 issues published in 2014, two special issues were devoted to "Single-Molecule Super-Resolution Microscopy." The present review is divided into 11 categories, providing an easy format for readers to quickly peruse topics of particular interest to them.
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