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Liu C, Wu T, Ren N. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1268619. [PMID: 38313844 PMCID: PMC10836428 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1268619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus and is caused by neuron injury induced by hyperglycemic circumstances. The incidence of DPN varies among different countries and regions, ranging from nearly 20% to over 70%. Patients with DPN may encounter symmetric pain or discomfort of the extremes, leading to reduced quality of life and even amputation. The pharmacological management for painful DPN mainly includes antidepressants due to their analgesic effects. Nevertheless, effective therapies to impact the pathogenesis and progression of DPN are lacking. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists show efficacy in controlling blood glucose and serve as a treatment modality for diabetes mellitus. In recent years, evidence has been proposed that GLP-1R agonists exert neuroprotective effects through modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. On the other hand, clinical evidence on the potential of GLP-1R agonists for treating DPN is still controversial and limited. This narrative review summarizes the preclinical and clinical studies investigating the capacity of GLP-1R agonists as therapeutic agents for DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Tianqiang Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Na Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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2
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Osonoi S, Mizukami H, Takeuchi Y, Sugawa H, Ogasawara S, Takaku S, Sasaki T, Kudoh K, Ito K, Sango K, Nagai R, Yamamoto Y, Daimon M, Yamamoto H, Yagihashi S. RAGE activation in macrophages and development of experimental diabetic polyneuropathy. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160555. [PMID: 36477360 PMCID: PMC9746912 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is suggested that activation of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) induces proinflammatory response in diabetic nerve tissues. Macrophage infiltration is invoked in the pathogenesis of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), while the association between macrophage and RAGE activation and the downstream effects of macrophages remain to be fully clarified in DPN. This study explored the role of RAGE in the pathogenesis of DPN through the modified macrophages. Infiltrating proinflammatory macrophages impaired insulin sensitivity, atrophied the neurons in dorsal root ganglion, and slowed retrograde axonal transport (RAT) in the sciatic nerve of type 1 diabetic mice. RAGE-null mice showed an increase in the population of antiinflammatory macrophages, accompanied by intact insulin sensitivity, normalized ganglion cells, and RAT. BM transplantation from RAGE-null mice to diabetic mice protected the peripheral nerve deficits, suggesting that RAGE is a major determinant for the polarity of macrophages in DPN. In vitro coculture analyses revealed proinflammatory macrophage-elicited insulin resistance in the primary neuronal cells isolated from dorsal root ganglia. Applying time-lapse recording disclosed a direct impact of proinflammatory macrophage and insulin resistance on the RAT deficits in primary neuronal cultures. These results provide a potentially novel insight into the development of RAGE-related DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Osonoi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | | | - Yuki Takeuchi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hikari Sugawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Shizuka Takaku
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Daimon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Targeting Persistent Neuroinflammation after Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy-Is Exendin-4 the Answer? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710191. [PMID: 36077587 PMCID: PMC9456443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is brain injury resulting from the loss of oxygen and blood supply around the time of birth. It is associated with a high risk of death or disability. The only approved treatment is therapeutic hypothermia. Therapeutic hypothermia has consistently been shown to significantly reduce the risk of death and disability in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. However, approximately 29% of infants treated with therapeutic hypothermia still develop disability. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have shown that there is still persistent neuroinflammation even after treating with therapeutic hypothermia, which may contribute to the deficits seen in infants despite treatment. This suggests that potentially targeting this persistent neuroinflammation would have an additive benefit in addition to therapeutic hypothermia. A potential additive treatment is Exendin-4, which is a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist. Preclinical data from various in vitro and in vivo disease models have shown that Exendin-4 has anti-inflammatory, mitochondrial protective, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative and neurotrophic effects. Although preclinical studies of the effect of Exendin-4 in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury are limited, a seminal study in neonatal mice showed that Exendin-4 had promising neuroprotective effects. Further studies on Exendin-4 neuroprotection for perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, including in large animal translational models are warranted to better understand its safety, window of opportunity and effectiveness as an adjunct with therapeutic hypothermia.
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Sango K, Takaku S, Tsukamoto M, Niimi N, Yako H. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists as Potential Myelination-Inducible and Anti-Demyelinating Remedies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:950623. [PMID: 35874814 PMCID: PMC9298969 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.950623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) were developed as insulinotropic and anti-hyperglycemic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but their neurotrophic and neuroprotective activities have been receiving increasing attention. Myelin plays a key role in the functional maintenance of the central and peripheral nervous systems, and recent in vivo and in vitro studies have shed light on the beneficial effects of GLP-1RAs on the formation and protection of myelin. In this article, we describe the potential efficacy of GLP-1RAs for the induction of axonal regeneration and remyelination following nerve lesions and the prevention and alleviation of demyelinating disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuka Takaku
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Tsukamoto
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Niimi
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideji Yako
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Diseases and Infection, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Exendin-4 Promotes Schwann Cell Survival/Migration and Myelination In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062971. [PMID: 33804063 PMCID: PMC7999558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides its insulinotropic actions on pancreatic β cells, neuroprotective activities of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) have attracted attention. The efficacy of a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist exendin-4 (Ex-4) for functional repair after sciatic nerve injury and amelioration of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) has been reported; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the bioactivities of Ex-4 on immortalized adult rat Schwann cells IFRS1 and adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron–IFRS1 co-culture system were investigated. Localization of GLP-1R in both DRG neurons and IFRS1 cells were confirmed using knockout-validated monoclonal Mab7F38 antibody. Treatment with 100 nM Ex-4 significantly enhanced survival/proliferation and migration of IFRS1 cells, as well as stimulated the movement of IFRS1 cells toward neurites emerging from DRG neuron cell bodies in the co-culture with the upregulation of myelin protein 22 and myelin protein zero. Because Ex-4 induced phosphorylation of serine/threonine-specific protein kinase AKT in these cells and its effects on DRG neurons and IFRS1 cells were attenuated by phosphatidyl inositol-3′-phosphate-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, Ex-4 might act on both cells to activate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby promoting myelination in the co-culture. These findings imply the potential efficacy of Ex-4 toward DPN and other peripheral nerve lesions.
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Lee KA, Park TS, Jin HY. Non-glucose risk factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Endocrine 2020; 70:465-478. [PMID: 32895875 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-020-02473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we consider the diverse risk factors in diabetes patients beyond hyperglycemia that are being recognized as contributors to diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Interest in such alternative mechanisms has been encouraged by the recognition that neuropathy occurs in subjects with metabolic syndrome and pre-diabetes and by the reporting of several large clinical studies that failed to show reduced prevalence of neuropathy after intensive glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Animal models of obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and other disorders common to both pre-diabetes and diabetes have been used to highlight a number of plausible pathogenic mechanisms that may either damage the nerve independent of hyperglycemia or augment the toxic potential of hyperglycemia. While pathogenic mechanisms stemming from hyperglycemia are likely to be significant contributors to DPN, future therapeutic strategies will require a more nuanced approach that considers a range of concurrent insults derived from the complex pathophysiology of diabetes beyond direct hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Ae Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University, Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Tae Sun Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University, Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Heung Yong Jin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonbuk National University, Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea.
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Takaku S, Sango K. Zonisamide enhances neurite outgrowth from adult rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, but not proliferation or migration of Schwann cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 153:177-184. [PMID: 31879799 PMCID: PMC7060162 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01839-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Zonisamide, an anti-epileptic and anti-Parkinson’s disease drug, displays neurotrophic activity on cultured motor neurons and facilitates axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury in mice, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, zonisamide enhanced neurite outgrowth from cultured adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons in a concentration-dependent manner (1 μM < 10 μM < 100 μM), and its activity was significantly attenuated by co-treatment with a phosphatidyl inositol-3′-phosphate-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 or a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor U0126. In agreement with these findings, 100 μM zonisamide for 1 h induced phosphorylation of AKT and ERK1/2, key molecules of PI3K and MAPK signaling pathways, respectively in mouse neuroblastoma × rat DRG neuron hybrid cells ND7/23. In contrast, zonisamide failed to promote proliferation or migration of immortalized Fischer rat Schwann cells 1 (IFRS1). These findings suggest that the beneficial effects of zonisamide on peripheral nerve regeneration may be attributable to its direct actions on neurons through PI3K and MAPK pathways, rather than the stimulation of Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Takaku
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
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Shekunova EV, Kashkin VA, Muzhikyan AА, Makarova MN, Balabanyan VY, Makarov VG. Therapeutic efficacy of arginine-rich exenatide on diabetic neuropathy in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 866:172835. [PMID: 31794708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by metabolic dysregulation associated with a number of health complications. More than 50% of patients with diabetes mellitus suffer from diabetic polyneuropathy, which involves the presence of peripheral nerve dysfunction symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of a new synthetic arginine-rich exendin-4 (Peptide D) in the treatment of complications caused by diabetes, including peripheral neuropathy, in rats. Diabetes was induced by administering streptozotocin (STZ). Three groups of diabetic rats were treated with Peptide D (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/kg). One group of diabetic rats was treated with Byetta® (1 μg/kg) for 80 days. Neuropathic pain development was assessed by tactile allodynia. STZ-treated rats showed an increased level of tactile allodynia unlike naïve animals. A histological study revealed that the diameter of the sciatic nerve fibers in STZ-treated rats was smaller than that of the naïve animals. An IHC study demonstrated decreased expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) in the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats compared to that in the naïve animals. Peptide D reduced the severity of tactile allodynia. This effect was more pronounced in the Peptide D treated groups than in the group treated with Byetta®. Peptide D and Byetta® treatment resulted in increased MBP expression in the sciatic nerve and increased diameter of myelinated nerve fibers. These findings suggest that poly-arginine peptides are promising agents for the treatment of peripheral polyneuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Shekunova
- RMC "HOME OF PHARMACY", The Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhskiy District, 188663, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Kashkin
- Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, First Pavlov State Medical University, St.-Petersburg, 197022, Russia; Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia.
| | - Arman А Muzhikyan
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia; Konstantinov Institute of Nuclear Physics, The Leningrad Region, Gatchina, 188300, Russia
| | - Marina N Makarova
- RMC "HOME OF PHARMACY", The Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhskiy District, 188663, Russia
| | - Vadim Y Balabanyan
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russia
| | - Valery G Makarov
- RMC "HOME OF PHARMACY", The Leningrad Region, Vsevolozhskiy District, 188663, Russia
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9
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Glycolaldehyde induces sensory neuron death through activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p-38 MAP kinase pathways. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 153:111-119. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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10
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Erbil D, Eren CY, Demirel C, Küçüker MU, Solaroğlu I, Eser HY. GLP-1's role in neuroprotection: a systematic review. Brain Inj 2019; 33:734-819. [PMID: 30938196 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2019.1587000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a target for treatment of diabetes; however, its function in the brain is not well studied. In this systematic review, we aimed to analyze the neuroprotective role of GLP-1 and its defined mechanisms. Methods: We searched 'Web of Science' and 'Pubmed' to identify relevant studies using GLP-1 as the keyword. Two hundred and eighty-nine clinical and preclinical studies have been included. Data have been presented by grouping neurodegenerative, neurovascular and specific cell culture models. Results: Recent literature shows that GLP-1 and its agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors and combined GLP-1/GIP molecules are effective in partially or fully reversing the effects of neurotoxic compounds, neurovascular complications of diabetes, neuropathological changes related with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease or vascular occlusion. Possible mechanisms that provide neuroprotection are enhancing the viability of the neurons and restoring neurite outgrowth by increased neurotrophic factors, increasing subventricular zone progenitor cells, decreasing apoptosis, decreasing the level of pro-inflammatory factors, and strengthening blood-brain barrier. Conclusion: Based on the preclinical studies, GLP-1 modifying agents are promising targets for neuroprotection. On the other hand, the number of clinical studies that investigate GLP-1 as a treatment is low and further clinical trials are needed for a benchside to bedside translation of recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Erbil
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Candan Yasemin Eren
- b Research Center for Translational Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Cağrı Demirel
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | | | - Ihsan Solaroğlu
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey.,b Research Center for Translational Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Hale Yapıcı Eser
- a School of Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey.,b Research Center for Translational Medicine , Koç University , Istanbul , Turkey
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Azmi S, Ferdousi M, Kalteniece A, Al-Muhannadi H, Al-Mohamedi A, Hadid NH, Mahmoud S, Bhat HA, Gad HYA, Khan A, Ponirakis G, Petropoulos IN, Alam U, Malik RA. Diagnosing and managing diabetic somatic and autonomic neuropathy. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2019; 10:2042018819826890. [PMID: 30783521 PMCID: PMC6365998 DOI: 10.1177/2042018819826890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis and management of diabetic neuropathy can be a major challenge. Late diagnosis contributes to significant morbidity in the form of painful diabetic neuropathy, foot ulceration, amputation, and increased mortality. Both hyperglycaemia and cardiovascular risk factors are implicated in the development of somatic and autonomic neuropathy and an improvement in these risk factors can reduce their rate of development and progression. There are currently no US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved disease-modifying treatments for either somatic or autonomic neuropathy, as a consequence of multiple failed phase III clinical trials. While this may be partly attributed to premature translation, there are major shortcomings in trial design and outcome measures. There are a limited number of partially effective FDA-approved treatments for the symptomatic relief of painful diabetic neuropathy and autonomic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazli Azmi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester and Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Maryam Ferdousi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester and Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Alise Kalteniece
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester and Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | - Salah Mahmoud
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Harun A. Bhat
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hoda Y. A. Gad
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Adnan Khan
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Uazman Alam
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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12
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Tseng YT, Lin WJ, Chang WH, Lo YC. The novel protective effects of loganin against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity: Enhancement of neurotrophic signaling, activation of IGF-1R/GLP-1R, and inhibition of RhoA/ROCK pathway. Phytother Res 2018; 33:690-701. [PMID: 30556245 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Loganin, a major iridoid glycoside obtained from fruits of Cornus officinalis, possesses anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, and osteoporosis prevention effects. Loganin has been linked to neuroprotection in several models of neurodegeneration, including Parkinson's disease (PD). However, mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of loganin are still mostly unknown. Here, we demonstrated the protective effects of loganin against PD mimetic toxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+ ) and the important roles of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) in the neuroprotective mechanisms of loganin. In primary mesencephalic neuronal cultures treated with or without MPP+ , loganin up-regulated expressions of neurotrophic signals including IGF-1R, GLP-1R, p-Akt, BDNF, and tyrosine hydroxylase. Loganin protected against MPP+ -induced apoptosis by up-regulating antiapoptotic protein and down-regulating proapoptotic protein. Moreover, loganin attenuated MPP+ -induced neurite damage via up-regulation of GAP43 and down-regulation of membrane-RhoA/ROCK2/p-LIMK/p-cofilin. Loganin also attenuated MPP+ -induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, both AG1024, an IGF-1R antagonist, and exendin 9-39, a GLP-1R antagonist, attenuated the protective effects of loganin on MPP+ -induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis, neurite length decrease, and ROS production. Our results suggest that loganin attenuates MPP+ -induced apoptotic death, neurite damage, and oxidative stress through enhancement of neurotrophic signaling, activation of IGF-1R/GLP-1R, and inhibition of RhoA/ROCK pathway, providing the evidence that loganin possesses novel neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Jung Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Lo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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13
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Zhao F, Li J, Wang R, Xu H, Ma K, Kong X, Sun Z, Niu X, Jiang J, Liu B, Li B, Duan F, Chen X. Exendin-4 promotes actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and protects cells from Nogo-A-Δ20 mediated spreading inhibition and growth cone collapse by down-regulating RhoA expression and activation via the PI3K pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:135-143. [PMID: 30396070 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exendin-4 is a protein of the GLP-1 family currently used to treat diabetes. Recently, a greater number of biological properties have been associated with the GLP-1 family. Our data shows that exendin-4 treatment significantly increases the cytoskeleton rearrangement, which leads to an increasingly differentiated phenotype and reduced cell migration. We also found that exendin-4 could prevent SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells from Nogo-A-Δ20 mediated spreading inhibition and neurite collapse. Western blot analysis indicated that exendin-4 treatment both reduced the expression and activation of RhoA via the PI3K signaling pathway. These data suggest that exendin-4 may protect nerve regeneration by preventing the inhibition of Nogo-A via down-regulating RhoA expression and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force and Jinzhou Medical University Cooperative Training Center, Tianjin, 300162, China; Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of The Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of The Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of The Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Huiyou Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of The Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of The Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Xianbin Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of The Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China; Graduate school of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Zhonglei Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force and Jinzhou Medical University Cooperative Training Center, Tianjin, 300162, China; Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of The Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Xuegang Niu
- Affiliated Hospital of the Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force and Jinzhou Medical University Cooperative Training Center, Tianjin, 300162, China; Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121001, China; Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300140, China
| | - Jipeng Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of The Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Baohu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of The Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China; Wang Jing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Bo Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of The Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China
| | - Feng Duan
- College of Computer and Control Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Xuyi Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma Repair, Institute of Traumatic Brain Injury and Neuroscience, Center for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of The Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, 300162, China.
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Nie J, Sun C, Chang Z, Musi N, Shi Y. SAD-A Promotes Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion Through Phosphorylation and Inhibition of GDIα in Male Islet β Cells. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3036-3047. [PMID: 29873699 PMCID: PMC6693047 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor (GDIα) inhibits glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in part by locking Rho GTPases in an inactive GDP-bound form. The onset of GSIS causes phosphorylation of GDIα at Ser174, a critical inhibitory site for GDIα, leading to the release of Rho GTPases and their subsequent activation. However, the kinase regulator(s) that catalyzes the phosphorylation of GDIα in islet β cells remains elusive. We propose that SAD-A, a member of AMP-activated protein kinase-related kinases that promotes GSIS as an effector kinase for incretin signaling, interacts with and inhibits GDIα through phosphorylation of Ser174 during the onset GSIS from islet β cells. Coimmunoprecipitation and phosphorylation analyses were carried out to identify the physical interaction and phosphorylation site of GDIα by SAD-A in the context of GSIS from INS-1 β cells and primary islets. We identified GDIα directly binds to SAD-A kinase domain and phosphorylated by SAD-A on Ser174, leading to dissociation of Rho GTPases from GDIα complexes. Accordingly, overexpression of SAD-A significantly stimulated GDIα phosphorylation at Ser174 in response to GSIS, which is dramatically potentiated by glucagonlike peptide-1, an incretin hormone. Conversely, SAD-A deficiency, which is mediated by short hairpin RNA transfection in INS-1 cells, significantly attenuated endogenous GDIα phosphorylation at Ser174. Consequently, coexpression of SAD-A completely prevented the inhibitory effect of GDIα on insulin secretion in islets. In summary, glucose and incretin stimulate insulin secretion through the phosphorylation of GDIα at Ser174 by SAD-A, which leads to the activation of Rho GTPases, culminating in insulin exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Nie
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- Correspondence: Jia Nie, PhD, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78245. E-mail:
| | - Chao Sun
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Zhijie Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Yuguang Shi
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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He W, Tian X, Lv M, Wang H. Liraglutide Protects Neurite Outgrowth of Cortical Neurons Under Oxidative Stress though Activating the Wnt Pathway. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 27:2696-2702. [PMID: 30042033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurogenesis including neurite outgrowth is important for brain plasticity under physiological conditions and in brain repair after injury. Liraglutide has been found to have neuroprotective action in the risk of central nervous system disease. However, the effect and the potential mechanism of liraglutide-induced neurite outgrowth in primary cortical neurons under oxidative stress remain poorly documented. METHODS In the text, H2O2 was used to mimic ischemia injury in primary cortical neurons. The viability and apoptosis of cell was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 and Hoechst 33342. Immunofluorescence method was used to examine the effect of liraglutide on neurite outgrowth in cortical neuron under H2O2 condition. Then, the potential mechanisms involving the Wnt pathway were investigated. The expression of β-catenin, c-myc, and cyclin D1 was determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. RESULTS Liraglutide significantly increased the viability and alleviated the apoptosis rate of cortical neurons induced by H2O2. Next, liraglutide promoted neurite outgrowth, which could be partially inhibited by the Wnt pathway inhibitor Xav939. Besides, liraglutide induced an increase of β-catenin, c-myc, and cyclin D1 levels, which could also be blocked in the presence of Xav939. CONCLUSIONS These results illustrate that liraglutide exerts neurotrophin-like activity in cortical neurons under oxidative stress condition, partly through activating the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang He
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xiaochao Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Mimi Lv
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Hebo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China.
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Sango K, Mizukami H, Horie H, Yagihashi S. Impaired Axonal Regeneration in Diabetes. Perspective on the Underlying Mechanism from In Vivo and In Vitro Experimental Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:12. [PMID: 28203223 PMCID: PMC5285379 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal regeneration after peripheral nerve injury is impaired in diabetes, but its precise mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this paper, we summarize the progress of research on altered axonal regeneration in animal models of diabetes and cultured nerve tissues exposed to hyperglycemia. Impaired nerve regeneration in animal diabetes can be attributed to dysfunction of neurons and Schwann cells, unfavorable stromal environment supportive of regenerating axons, and alterations of target tissues receptive to reinnervation. In particular, there are a number of factors such as enhanced activity of the negative regulators of axonal regeneration (e.g., phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 and Rho/Rho kinase), delayed Wallerian degeneration, alterations of the extracellular matrix components, enhanced binding of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) with the receptor for AGE, and delayed muscle reinnervation that can be obstacles to functional recovery after an axonal injury. It is also noteworthy that we and others have observed excessive neurite outgrowth from peripheral sensory ganglion explants from streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic mice in culture and enhanced regeneration of small nerve fibers after sciatic nerve injury in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The excess of abortive neurite outgrowth may lead to misconnections of axons and target organs, which may interfere with appropriate target reinnervation and functional repair. Amelioration of perturbed nerve regeneration may be crucial for the future management of diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project, Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kazunori Sango,
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | | | - Soroku Yagihashi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Yang JL, Chen WY, Chen YP, Kuo CY, Chen SD. Activation of GLP-1 Receptor Enhances Neuronal Base Excision Repair via PI3K-AKT-Induced Expression of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2015-2027. [PMID: 27698937 PMCID: PMC5039677 DOI: 10.7150/thno.15993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinal-secreted incretin that increases cellular glucose up-take to decrease blood sugar. Recent studies, however, suggest that the function of GLP-1 is not only to decrease blood sugar, but also acts as a neurotrophic factor that plays a role in neuronal survival, neurite outgrowth, and protects synaptic plasticity and memory formation from effects of β-amyloid. Oxidative DNA damage occurs during normal neuron-activity and in many neurological diseases. Our study describes how GLP-1 affected the ability of neurons to ameliorate oxidative DNA damage. We show that activation of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) protect cortical neurons from menadione induced oxidative DNA damage via a signaling pathway involving enhanced DNA repair. GLP-1 stimulates DNA repair by activating the cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) which, consequently, induces the expression of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), a key enzyme in the base excision DNA repair (BER) pathway. In this study, APE1 expression was down-regulated as a consequence phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) suppression by the inhibitor LY294002, but not by the suppression of MEK activity. Ischemic stroke is typically caused by overwhelming oxidative-stress in brain cells. Administration of exentin-4, an analogue of GLP-1, efficiently enhanced DNA repair in brain cells of ischemic stroke rats. Our study suggests that a new function of GLP-1 is to elevate DNA repair by inducing the expression of the DNA repair protein APE1.
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Incretin-Based Therapies for Diabetic Complications: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081223. [PMID: 27483245 PMCID: PMC5000621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in the rates of morbidity and mortality associated with diabetic complications is a global concern. Glycemic control is important to prevent the development and progression of diabetic complications. Various classes of anti-diabetic agents are currently available, and their pleiotropic effects on diabetic complications have been investigated. Incretin-based therapies such as dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are now widely used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. A series of experimental studies showed that incretin-based therapies have beneficial effects on diabetic complications, independent of their glucose-lowering abilities, which are mediated by anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress properties. Based on these findings, clinical studies to assess the effects of DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1RA on diabetic microvascular and macrovascular complications have been performed. Several but not all studies have provided evidence to support the beneficial effects of incretin-based therapies on diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. We herein discuss the experimental and clinical evidence of incretin-based therapy for diabetic complications.
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Taatjes DJ, Roth J. The Histochemistry and Cell Biology omnium-gatherum: the year 2015 in review. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 145:239-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1417-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sango K, Utsunomiya K. Efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetics for neural regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2016; 10:1723-4. [PMID: 26807090 PMCID: PMC4705767 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.169611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Sango
- Diabetic Neuropathy Project (Former ALS/Neuropathy project), Department of Sensory and Motor Systems, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Utsunomiya
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism & Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Fujita S, Ushio S, Ozawa N, Masuguchi K, Kawashiri T, Oishi R, Egashira N. Exenatide Facilitates Recovery from Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141921. [PMID: 26536615 PMCID: PMC4633148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxaliplatin has widely been used as a key drug in the treatment of colorectal cancer; however, it causes peripheral neuropathy. Exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist, is an incretin mimetic secreted from ileal L cells, which is clinically used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. GLP-1 receptor agonists have been reported to exhibit neuroprotective effects on the central and peripheral nervous systems. In this study, we investigated the effects of exenatide on oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy in rats and cultured cells. Methods Oxaliplatin (4 mg/kg) was administered intravenously twice per week for 4 weeks, and mechanical allodynia was evaluated using the von Frey test in rats. Axonal degeneration was assessed by toluidine blue staining of sciatic nerves. Results Repeated administration of oxaliplatin caused mechanical allodynia from day 14 to 49. Although the co-administration of extended-release exenatide (100 μg/kg) could not inhibit the incidence of oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia, it facilitated recovery from the oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy with reparation of axonal degeneration. Inhibition of neurite outgrowth was evaluated in cultured pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells. Exenatide inhibited oxaliplatin-induced neurite degeneration, but did not affect oxaliplatin-induced cell injury in cultured PC12 cells. Additionally, extended-release exenatide had no effect on the anti-tumor activity of oxaliplatin in cultured murine colon adenocarcinoma 26 (C-26) cells or C-26 cell-implanted mice. Conclusion These results suggest that exenatide may be useful for treating peripheral neuropathy induced by oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Fujita
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ushio
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nana Ozawa
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ken Masuguchi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Ryozo Oishi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Egashira
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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