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Chávez-Manzanera EA, Vera-Zertuche JM, Kaufer-Horwitz M, Vázquez-Velázquez V, Flores-Lázaro JR, Mireles-Zavala L, Calzada-León R, Garnica-Cuellar JC, Sánchez-Muñoz V, Ramírez-Butanda E, Hernández-González R, Vargas-Martínez MA, Laviada-Molina H, Violante-Ortíz R, Esquivias-Zavala H, García-García E, Lavalle-González FJ, Mancillas-Adame L, López-Alvarenga JC, Pérez-Hernández JF, Soto-Fuentes EV, Soriano-Cortés RR, Goicoechea-Turcott EW, Magallanes-Díaz G, Herrera-Hernández MF, Barquera-Cervera S, Vargas-Contreras E, Díaz-Wionczek CB, Salmon M, Jesús DRD, Villaseñor-Díaz JP, Peña J, Ramos-Rojas J, Ávila-Oliver C, Rada G, Hussey B, Salas XR. Mexican Clinical Practice Guidelines for Adult Overweight and Obesity Management. Curr Obes Rep 2024:10.1007/s13679-024-00585-w. [PMID: 39356455 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00585-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop Mexico's first methodologically rigorous clinical practice guideline for the management of adult overweight and obesity. The target audiences are interdisciplinary healthcare professionals across healthcare systems who are the first point of contact for patients with obesity in Mexico, patients, and health system decision makers. RECENT FINDINGS A review of recent international obesity clinical practice guidelines and an expert consensus process identified: i) common recommendations appropriate for implementation in Mexico and ii) knowledge gaps requiring the formulation of new recommendations. In all, 20 new recommendations and 20 good practice statements were developed using the GRADE Evidence-to-Decision Framework and expert consensus. Overweight and obesity negatively impact the health and well-being of individuals and populations in Mexico. This guideline aims to establish a new evidence-based, patient-centered, non-stigmatizing, and practical treatment and management framework, based on the fundamental principles of chronic disease prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Chávez-Manzanera
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México.
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México.
| | - Juan M Vera-Zertuche
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
- ABC Medical Center, Mexico City, México
| | - Martha Kaufer-Horwitz
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
- Nutrition Division, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Verónica Vázquez-Velázquez
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
- Obesidades S.C, Mexico City, México
| | - José R Flores-Lázaro
- Sports Medicine Division, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Leonor Mireles-Zavala
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
| | - Raúl Calzada-León
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
- Service of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City, México
| | - Juan C Garnica-Cuellar
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
- Endocrinology Division, Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre, Institute for Social Security and Services for State, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Eduardo Ramírez-Butanda
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | | | - María A Vargas-Martínez
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Hugo Laviada-Molina
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
- School of Health Sciences, Universidad Marista de Mérida, Mérida, México
| | - Rafael Violante-Ortíz
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
- Tampico Faculty of Medicine Alberto Romo Caballero, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tampico, Tamaulipas, México
| | - Héctor Esquivias-Zavala
- Department for Continuing Education, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, México
| | - Eduardo García-García
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
| | - Fernando J Lavalle-González
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
- Endocrine Service, Hospital Universitario Dr José E. González, Medicine School, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Nuevo Leon, México
| | - Leonardo Mancillas-Adame
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
- Institute for Obesity Research, Instituto Tecnológico de Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, México
- Internal Medicine Division, Medical School, and University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon, México
| | - Juan C López-Alvarenga
- Obesity Workgroup, Sociedad Mexicana de Nutrición y Endocrinología, Mexico City, México
- Population Health & Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Texas, United States
| | - Juan F Pérez-Hernández
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Erika V Soto-Fuentes
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | - Reina R Soriano-Cortés
- Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Gerardo Magallanes-Díaz
- Department of Secondary Prevention Central level, Servicios de Salud IMSS-BIENESTAR, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Simón Barquera-Cervera
- School of Public Health of Mexico at, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, México
| | - Edith Vargas-Contreras
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City, México
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brad Hussey
- Replica Communications, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Yin M, Li H, Zhang B, Li Y. Comment on "Exercise Snacks and Other Forms of Intermittent Physical Activity for Improving Health in Adults and Older Adults: A Scoping Review of Epidemiological, Experimental and Qualitative Studies". Sports Med 2024; 54:2199-2203. [PMID: 39037574 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Yin
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Changhai Road 399, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hansen Li
- Department of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Boyi Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Exercise and Health Technology Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yongming Li
- School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Changhai Road 399, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.
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3
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Darvish S, Mahoney SA, Venkatasubramanian R, Rossman MJ, Clayton ZS, Murray KO. Socioeconomic status as a potential mediator of arterial aging in marginalized ethnic and racial groups: current understandings and future directions. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 137:194-222. [PMID: 38813611 PMCID: PMC11389897 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00188.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the United States. However, disparities in CVD-related morbidity and mortality exist as marginalized racial and ethnic groups are generally at higher risk for CVDs (Black Americans, Indigenous People, South and Southeast Asians, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders) and/or development of traditional CVD risk factors (groups above plus Hispanics/Latinos) relative to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). In this comprehensive review, we outline emerging evidence suggesting these groups experience accelerated arterial dysfunction, including vascular endothelial dysfunction and large elastic artery stiffening, a nontraditional CVD risk factor that may predict risk of CVDs in these groups with advancing age. Adverse exposures to social determinants of health (SDOH), specifically lower socioeconomic status (SES), are exacerbated in most of these groups (except South Asians-higher SES) and may be a potential mediator of accelerated arterial aging. SES negatively influences the ability of marginalized racial and ethnic groups to meet aerobic exercise guidelines, the first-line strategy to improve arterial function, due to increased barriers, such as time and financial constraints, lack of motivation, facility access, and health education, to performing conventional aerobic exercise. Thus, identifying alternative interventions to conventional aerobic exercise that 1) overcome these common barriers and 2) target the biological mechanisms of aging to improve arterial function may be an effective, alternative method to aerobic exercise to ameliorate accelerated arterial aging and reduce CVD risk. Importantly, dedicated efforts are needed to assess these strategies in randomized-controlled clinical trials in these marginalized racial and ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Darvish
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Sophia A Mahoney
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | | | - Matthew J Rossman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Zachary S Clayton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Kevin O Murray
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, United States
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Schaun GZ, Orcy RB, Del Vecchio FB. A Comparative Analysis of Acute Physiological and Perceptual Responses in Whole-Body and Ergometer-Based High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:166. [PMID: 38921860 PMCID: PMC11207856 DOI: 10.3390/sports12060166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of the present investigation was to compare the acute physiological and perceptual responses between two modes of interval training using a randomized crossover design. More specifically, eleven young adult participants (23 ± 4 years, 77 ± 13 kg, 178 ± 7 cm) performed two protocols: one composed of whole-body calisthenics exercises and another on a cycle ergometer. Both protocols encompassed eight 20 s bouts at intensities equivalent to all-out (HIIT-WB) and 170% of the maximal power output (HIIT-C), respectively, interspersed with 10 s of passive rest. The peak and average heart rate, the rating of perceived effort, and blood lactate, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase concentrations were measured. Aside from blood lactate (HIIT-WB = 9.4 ± 1.8 mmo/L; HIIT-C = 12.5 ± 2.5 mmol/L, p < 0.05) and the rating of perceived exertion (HIIT-WB = 8.8 ± 0.9; HIIT-C = 9.6 ± 0.5, p < 0.05), physiological responses did not significantly differ between protocols (all p > 0.05), with high average heart rate values (HIIT-WB = 86 ± 6% HRmax; HIIT-C = 87 ± 4% HRmax) and a low magnitude of muscle damage, as inferred by CK and LDH concentrations (HIIT-WB = 205.9 ± 56.3 and 203.5 ± 72.4 U/L; HIIT-C = 234.5 ± 77.1 and 155.1 ± 65.3 U/L), respectively. It can be concluded that both protocols elicit vigorous heart rate responses and a low magnitude of muscle damage and, therefore, appear as viable alternatives to improve aerobic fitness. The inclusion of a whole-body HIIT protocol may be an interesting alternative for training prescription in relation to more common interval training protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Z. Schaun
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, Department of Sport and Human Movement Science, University of Vienna, 1150 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rafael B. Orcy
- Physical Education School, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil; (R.B.O.); (F.B.D.V.)
| | - Fabrício B. Del Vecchio
- Physical Education School, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil; (R.B.O.); (F.B.D.V.)
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Wong PY, Soh SMM, Chu WJM, Lim MXC, Jones LE, Selvaraj S, Chow KMS, Choo HWD, Aziz AR. A single all-out bout of 30-s sprint-cycle performed on 5 consecutive days per week over 6 weeks does not enhance cardiovascular fitness, maximal strength, and clinical health markers in physically active young adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1861-1874. [PMID: 38233706 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effects of a single all-out bout of 30-s sprint-cycle performed daily for 5 consecutive days per week for 6 weeks, on aerobic fitness, muscle strength and metabolic-health markers in physically active young males and females. METHODS Healthy, physically active 20-28 year olds, were randomly assigned to either experimental (EXP, N = 11) or non-training control (CON, N = 8) group. With supervision, the EXP group performed one bout of 30-s sprint-cycle daily, Mondays to Fridays over 6 weeks, while CON group continued with their usual lifestyle. The followings were measured at pre- and post-intervention: maximal aerobic power, peak torque of knee extensors and flexors at velocities 30° s-1 and 300° s-1, resting heart rate, resting blood pressure, body fat percentage, fasting lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin levels. RESULTS There were no significant improvements in the EXP group for all the measured variables (all P > 0.05); except for significant interaction effects in peak torque of knee extensors at 30° s-1 (P = 0.044) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P = 0.046). Post hoc test indicate that CON group showed decline in their low-density lipo-proteins levels (P = 0.024). CONCLUSION Six weeks of one all-out bout of 30-s sprint-cycle per day, for 5 consecutive days per week, was ineffective in improving cardiovascular fitness, maximal strength, and most health markers in physically active young adults. The present results when combined with the previous literature suggest that there is a possibility of a minimum threshold for a number of sprint-cycle bouts needed to be performed before any form of cardio-metabolic-health benefit is accrued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Ying Wong
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Su Min Megan Soh
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei-Jing Marina Chu
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Xian Cheval Lim
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lester Edmund Jones
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Suresh Selvaraj
- Health and Social Sciences Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kin Ming Steve Chow
- Sport Science and Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Wen Darine Choo
- Sport Science and Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abdul Rashid Aziz
- Sport Science and Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Jones MD, Clifford BK, Stamatakis E, Gibbs MT. Exercise Snacks and Other Forms of Intermittent Physical Activity for Improving Health in Adults and Older Adults: A Scoping Review of Epidemiological, Experimental and Qualitative Studies. Sports Med 2024; 54:813-835. [PMID: 38190022 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01983-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Exercise snacks, including other variants of brief intermittent bouts, are an emerging approach for increasing physical activity, although their operationalisation is unstandardised and their health benefits remain unclear. This scoping review aimed to explore characterisations of exercise snacks and summarise their effects on health in adults and older adults. Clinical trial registers (clinicaltrials.gov and ANZCTR) and electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, CENTRAL, PsycINFO) were searched from inception to 1 June 2023, for ongoing and published studies of exercise snacks. Backwards and forwards citation tracking was also conducted to identify additional eligible studies. Studies were included if they investigated exercise snacks-brief intermittent bouts of physical activity spread across the day-in adults or older adults. We included epidemiological, experimental, quasi-experimental and qualitative studies that examined the effect of exercise snacks on any health outcomes or described barriers to and enablers of these approaches. Thirty-two studies were included (7 trial registers, 1 published protocol, 3 epidemiological studies and 20 trials reported across 21 studies). Three main terms were used to describe exercise snacks: exercise snack(ing), snacktivity and vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA). Participants were predominantly physically inactive but otherwise healthy adults or older adults. Exercise snacks were feasible and appeared safe. Epidemiological studies showed steep, near-linear associations of VILPA with reduced all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality as well as reduced incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events and cancer. The limited trial evidence showed exercise snacks had modest effects on improving cardiorespiratory fitness, whereas effects on physical function, mood, quality of life and other health outcomes were equivocal. In conclusion, exercise snacks appear feasible and safe for adults and older adults and may have promising health benefits, but this is mostly based on findings from a limited number of small quasi-experimental studies, small randomised trials or qualitative studies. More studies are needed in individuals with chronic disease. This emerging physical activity approach may have appeal for individuals who find structured exercise unfeasible.Registration https://osf.io/qhu24/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Jones
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Briana K Clifford
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Mackenzie Wearables Research Hub, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mitchell T Gibbs
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
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Stork MJ, Marcotte-Chénard A, Jung ME, Little JP. Exercise in the workplace: examining the receptivity of practical and time-efficient stair-climbing "exercise snacks". Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024; 49:30-40. [PMID: 37748202 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
In the workplace, people are often sedentary for prolonged time and do not regularly engage in physical activity-two factors independently linked to premature morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the receptivity of incorporating practical stair-climbing "exercise snacks" (Snacks; three isolated bouts of ascending 53-60 stairs performed sporadically throughout the day) into workplace settings compared to more traditional high-intensity interval training (HIIT; performed as three bouts of 53-60 stairs within a structured HIIT workout) and to explore if these exercise strategies could influence sedentary and physical activity behaviour. Fourteen participants (12 women; Mage = 38.9 ± 10.2 years) completed two supervised exercise trials (Snacks and HIIT) followed by 1 week participating in either form of exercise in their workplace. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), affective valence, enjoyment, and self-efficacy were measured at the supervised exercise sessions. During the follow-up period, sedentary behaviour and physical activity were measured with an accelerometer. Affective valence was more positive (p = 0.03; η2 p = 0.21) and there was a lower rise in RPE (p = 0.01; η2 p = 0.29) during Snacks than HIIT. Post-exercise enjoyment of, and self-efficacy towards, Snacks and HIIT were high and similar (ps > 0.05). After the supervised trials, 10/14 of the participants preferred Snacks and 4/14 preferred HIIT (p = 0.18). On days when participants chose to perform either exercise modality, the average number of sit-to-stands in a 24 h period was increased (48.3 ± 8.7 to 52.8 ± 7.8; p = 0.03; Hedge's g = 0.73) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity tended to increase (21.9 ± 18.2 to 38.1 ± 22.1 min; p = 0.06; Hedge's g = 0.60) compared to days when they chose not to exercise. Stair-climbing exercise snacks may be an attractive approach to implement in the workplace setting and has potential to positively impact sedentary behaviour and physical activity metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Stork
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Alexis Marcotte-Chénard
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie - CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Mary E Jung
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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Oliva HNP, Oliveira GM, Oliva IO, Cassilhas RC, de Paula AMB, Monteiro-Junior RS. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity and cognitive function after high- and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise sessions. Neurosci Lett 2023; 817:137511. [PMID: 37820993 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
This crossover study explored the acute effect of a session of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on middle cerebral artery (MCA) variables such as cerebral blood velocity, pulsatility index (PI) and resistivity index (RI) through transcranial Doppler (TCD), and cognitive function (CF - verbal fluency and Digit Span) in healthy young adults. Participants (26 healthy young adults, 13 women, 24 ± 3 years) underwent two different randomized exercise sessions: (1) MICT (60 % heart rate reserve, HRR) and (2) HIIT (80 % HRR). MCA velocity, PI, RI, CF, and serum lactate were measured immediately before and after the sessions. HIIT demonstrated improved executive function/semantic fluency (20 %, p = 0.019), while both MICT and HIIT increased lactate (625 %, HIIT, p < 0.001, and 238 %, MICT, p < 0.001). Other assessments remained stable, except for reduced PI (p = 0.029) and RI (p = 0.023) after MICT, with no significant difference (pre-post for HIIT-MICT). Notably, cognition improvement correlated with lactate increase in HIIT (ρ = 0.436; p < 0.001). Executive function/semantic fluency increased after HIIT relative to MICT. The findings show that there are no systematic out-of-normal changes in the cerebrovascular circulation of clinically healthy adults undergoing HIIT and MICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Nunes Pereira Oliva
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT, United States of America; State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Ricardo Cardoso Cassilhas
- Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (FCBS), Department of Physical Education, Diamantina, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Renato S Monteiro-Junior
- State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil.
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Mesinovic J, Fyfe JJ, Talevski J, Wheeler MJ, Leung GK, George ES, Hunegnaw MT, Glavas C, Jansons P, Daly RM, Scott D. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Sarcopenia as Comorbid Chronic Diseases in Older Adults: Established and Emerging Treatments and Therapies. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:719-742. [PMID: 37709502 PMCID: PMC10695715 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2023.0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and sarcopenia (low skeletal muscle mass and function) share a bidirectional relationship. The prevalence of these diseases increases with age and they share common risk factors. Skeletal muscle fat infiltration, commonly referred to as myosteatosis, may be a major contributor to both T2DM and sarcopenia in older adults via independent effects on insulin resistance and muscle health. Many strategies to manage T2DM result in energy restriction and subsequent weight loss, and this can lead to significant declines in muscle mass in the absence of resistance exercise, which is also a first-line treatment for sarcopenia. In this review, we highlight recent evidence on established treatments and emerging therapies targeting weight loss and muscle mass and function improvements in older adults with, or at risk of, T2DM and/or sarcopenia. This includes dietary, physical activity and exercise interventions, new generation incretin-based agonists and myostatin-based antagonists, and endoscopic bariatric therapies. We also highlight how digital health technologies and health literacy interventions can increase uptake of, and adherence to, established and emerging treatments and therapies in older adults with T2DM and/or sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Mesinovic
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jackson J. Fyfe
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jason Talevski
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Australia
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Warragul, Australia
| | - Michael J. Wheeler
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gloria K.W. Leung
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia
| | - Elena S. George
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Melkamu T. Hunegnaw
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Costas Glavas
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Paul Jansons
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Robin M. Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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10
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Lopez P, Fitzgerald DB, McVeigh JA, Badiei A, Muruganandan S, Newton RU, Straker L, Lee YCG, Peddle-McIntyre CJ. Associations of physical activity and quality of life in parapneumonic effusion patients. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00209-2023. [PMID: 37753285 PMCID: PMC10518875 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00209-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Little is known about activity behaviours and quality of life (QoL) of patients with parapneumonic pleural effusions (PPE) after hospital discharge. This study is a secondary analysis of a randomised trial (dexamethasone versus placebo) for hospitalised patients with PPE. We: 1) described the patients' activity behaviour patterns and QoL measured at discharge and at 30 days post-discharge; and 2) examined the association between activity behaviours and QoL scores. Methods Activity behaviour (7-day accelerometry; Actigraph GT3X+) and QoL (Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36) were assessed. Repeated measures analysis of covariance controlling for baseline values and a series of linear regression models were undertaken. Results 36 out of 53 eligible participants completed accelerometry assessments. Despite modest increases in light physical activity (+7.5%) and some domains of QoL (>2 points) from discharge to 30 days post-discharge, patients had persistently high levels of sedentary behaviour (>65% of waking wear time) and poor QoL (≤50 out of 100 points) irrespective of treatment group (p=0.135-0.903). Increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with higher scores on most QoL domains (p=0.006-0.037). Linear regression indicates that a clinically important difference of 5 points in physical composite QoL score can be achieved by reallocating 16.1 min·day-1 of sedentary time to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Conclusion Patients with PPE had low levels of physical activity and QoL at discharge and 30 days post-discharge irrespective of treatment. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity participation was associated with higher QoL scores. Increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity following discharge from the hospital may be associated with improvements in QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lopez
- Pleural Medicine Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Joint first authors
| | - Deirdre B. Fitzgerald
- Pleural Medicine Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- Joint first authors
| | - Joanne A. McVeigh
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Arash Badiei
- Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Robert U. Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Leon Straker
- Curtin School of Allied Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
- enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Yun Chor Gary Lee
- Pleural Medicine Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Australia
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
- Joint senior authors
| | - Carolyn J. Peddle-McIntyre
- Pleural Medicine Unit, Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, Australia
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Joint senior authors
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11
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Rozanski A. New principles, the benefits, and practices for fostering a physically active lifestyle. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 77:37-49. [PMID: 37030619 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
The modern environment has led to an increased risk and incidence of sedentary lifestyles. When physical activity (PA) becomes insufficient, pathophysiological pathways are invoked and the future risk for chronic diseases and premature mortality increases. As a consequence, since the 1970s governmental agencies and medical societies have published guidelines to promote PA. The 2018 Guidelines for Physical Activity for Americans contain important updated guidelines, but many of these guidelines are not yet sufficiently known by the public or health providers. In addition, to make use of these guidelines, they need to be integrated with optimal behavioral interventions. Accordingly, this narrative review critically assesses five tenets that stem from the 2018 Guidelines and illustrates how these tenets can be integrated with tools and techniques for motivating individuals to initiate and maintain a more physically active lifestyle. The first tenet indicates that there is no lower threshold of PA that must be obtained before health benefits begin to accrue. Second, it is no longer required that PA be obtained in bouts of 10 min or more to "count". Bouts of lesser duration also count. Pending further study, new accelerometry data suggest that vigorous intermittent PA of just 1-2 min may also benefit health, such as that acquired by stair climbing or carrying heavy groceries. This has led to a new concept of promoting "lifestyle physical activity". Third, excessive sitting is health damaging if it is not accompanied by sufficient daily life PA or accrues over long uninterrupted bouts. Fourth, it is essential to incorporate resistance exercises for optimal health and to promote successful aging. Fifth, a wealth of new evidence indicates that PA strongly protects and promotes all aspects of brain health and may improve cognition even after a single bout of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rozanski
- Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Morningside Hospital, Mount Sinai Heart and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America.
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12
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Hall AJ, Aspe RR, Craig TP, Kavaliauskas M, Babraj J, Swinton PA. The Effects of Sprint Interval Training on Physical Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:457-481. [PMID: 36165995 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Hall, AJ, Aspe, RR, Craig, TP, Kavaliauskas, M, Babraj, J, and Swinton, PA. The effects of sprint interval training on physical performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 457-481, 2023-The present study aimed to synthesize findings from published research and through meta-analysis quantify the effect of sprint interval training (SIT) and potential moderators on physical performance outcomes (categorized as aerobic, anaerobic, mixed aerobic-anaerobic, or muscular force) with healthy adults, in addition to assessing the methodological quality of included studies and the existence of small study effects. Fifty-five studies were included (50% moderate methodological quality, 42% low methodological quality), with 58% comprising an intervention duration of ≤4 weeks and an array of different training protocols. Bayesian's meta-analysis of standardized mean differences (SMD) identified a medium effect of improved physical performance with SIT (ES 0.5 = 0.52; 95% credible intervals [CrI]: 0.42-0.62). Moderator analyses identified overlap between outcome types with the largest effects estimated for anaerobic outcomes (ES 0.5 = 0.61; 95% CrI: 0.48-0.75). Moderator effects were identified for intervention duration, sprint length, and number of sprints performed per session, with larger effects obtained for greater values of each moderator. A substantive number of very large effect sizes (41 SMDs > 2) were identified with additional evidence of extensive small study effects. This meta-analysis demonstrates that short-term SIT interventions are effective for developing moderate improvements in physical performance outcomes. However, extensive small study effects, likely influenced by researchers analyzing many outcomes, suggest potential overestimation of reported effects. Future research should analyze fewer a priori selected outcomes and investigate models to progress SIT interventions for longer-term performance improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy J Hall
- Department of Sport and Exercise, School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo R Aspe
- Department of Sport and Exercise, School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas P Craig
- Department of Sport and Exercise, School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Mykolas Kavaliauskas
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom ; and
| | - John Babraj
- Division of Sport and Exercise Science, Abertay University, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Swinton
- Department of Sport and Exercise, School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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13
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Costa TG, de Oliveira VN, Santos DAT, Viana RB, Andrade MS, Vancini RL, Weiss K, Knechtle B, de Lira CAB. The burden of prolonged sedentary behavior imposed by uberization. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
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14
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Islam H, Gillen JB. Skeletal muscle mechanisms contributing to improved glycemic control following intense interval exercise and training. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 5:20-28. [PMID: 36994179 PMCID: PMC10040385 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High-intensity and sprint interval training (HIIT and SIT, respectively) enhance insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in both healthy adults and those with cardiometabolic diseases. The beneficial effects of intense interval training on glycemic control include both improvements seen in the hours to days following a single session of HIIT/SIT and those which accrue with chronic training. Skeletal muscle is the largest site of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and plays an integral role in the beneficial effects of exercise on glycemic control. Here we summarize the skeletal muscle responses that contribute to improved glycemic control during and following a single session of interval exercise and evaluate the relationship between skeletal muscle remodelling and improved insulin sensitivity following HIIT/SIT training interventions. Recent evidence suggests that targeting skeletal muscle mechanisms via nutritional interventions around exercise, particularly with carbohydrate manipulation, can enhance the acute glycemic benefits of HIIT. There is also some evidence of sex-based differences in the glycemic benefits of intense interval exercise, with blunted responses observed after training in females relative to males. Differences in skeletal muscle metabolism between males and females may contribute to sex differences in insulin sensitivity following HIIT/SIT, but well-controlled studies evaluating purported muscle mechanisms alongside measurement of insulin sensitivity are needed. Given the greater representation of males in muscle physiology literature, there is also a need for more research involving female-only cohorts to enhance our basic understanding of how intense interval training influences muscle insulin sensitivity in females across the lifespan.
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15
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Superior cardiometabolic and cellular adaptive responses to multiple versus single daily sessions of high-intensity interval training in Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21187. [PMID: 36476806 PMCID: PMC9729616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare in rats the cardiometabolic and cellular adaptative responses to 8 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) performed in a single (1xHIIT) or three shorter daily sessions (3xHIIT). Male Wistar rats were assigned to untrained (n = 10), 1xHIIT (n = 10), and 3xHIIT (n = 10) groups. Both HIIT groups performed 15 min of a treadmill run five times per week for 8 weeks. The 1xHIIT performed single daily sessions of 15 min, and the 3xHIIT performed three daily sessions of 5 min with an interval of 4 h between sessions. Resting VO2 and VO2max were measured using a metabolic chamber; blood pressure and heart rate were measured by plethysmography; body composition was estimated by DEXA; Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed; after euthanasia, hearts, gastrocnemius, and visceral fat were harvested for analysis of cardiac function, histology, and morphology. Mitochondrial densities of the gastrocnemius and left ventricle muscles were determined by electron microscopy. 3xHIIT induced similar positive adaptative responses to 1xHIIT on resting VO2 and VO2max, cardiac function, and mitochondria density. 3xHIIT was superior to 1xHIIT in reducing visceral fat weight and adipocyte size and improving insulin tolerance. Multiple short daily bouts of HIIT may be superior to single HIIT daily sessions in improving cardiometabolic and cellular adaptations in rats.
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16
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Microdosing: Old Wine in a New Bottle? Current State of Affairs and Future Avenues. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2022; 17:1649-1652. [DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2022-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Microdosing of exercise aims to deliver smaller daily training doses but at a higher weekly frequency, adding up to a similar weekly volume as in nonmicrodosed training. This commentary critically discusses this concept, which appears to be a rebranding of the “old” distributed practice of motor learning. Development: We propose that microdosing should relate to the minimal dose that develops or at least maintains the selected capacities or skills as this training dose matters to practitioners, especially during the in-season period. Moreover, microdosing has been applied mainly to develop strength and endurance, but abilities such as sprinting and changing direction could also be microdosed, as well as technical–tactical skills. Conclusions: The concept of microdosing should be reframed to avoid redundancy with the concept of distributed practice while providing valuable information concerning the minimum doses that still generate the intended effects and the thresholds that determine whether a dose is “micro” or not.
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17
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García-Suárez PC, Aburto-Corona JA, Rentería I, Gómez-Miranda LM, Moncada-Jiménez J, Lira FS, Antunes BM, Jiménez-Maldonado A. Short-Term High-Intensity Circuit Training Does Not Modify Resting Heart Rate Variability in Adults during the COVID-19 Confinement. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:7367. [PMID: 35742615 PMCID: PMC9224508 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The quarantine caused by the COVID-19 pandemic increased sedentary behavior, psychological stress, and sleep disturbances in the population favoring the installation of alterations in the cardiovascular system. In this sense, physical exercise has widely been suggested as an efficient treatment to improve health. The current study determined the impact of short-term high-intensity circuit training (HICT) on resting heart rate variability (HRV) in adults. METHODS Nine healthy participants (age: 31.9 ± 4.4 yr.) performed 36 HICT sessions (3 times per day; 3 days per week) and four participants (age: 29.5 ± 1.7 yr.) were assigned to a control group. The HICT consisted of 12 min of whole-body exercises performed during a workout. Twenty-four hours before and after the exercise program, HRV parameters were recorded. RESULTS The heart rate exercise during the last session trended to be lower when compared with the first HICT session (p = 0.07, d = 0.39, 95% CI = -13.50, 0.72). The interval training did not modify the HRV time (Mean NN, SDNN, RMSSD, NN50, pNN50) and frequency (LF, HF, LF/HF ratio, total power) domain parameters. CONCLUSION Thirty-six HICT sessions did not provide enough stimuli to modify the resting HRV in adults during social isolation elicited by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the data suggested that exercise protocol did not induce cardio-vagal adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia C. García-Suárez
- Facultad de Deportes Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22890, Mexico; (P.C.G.-S.); (I.R.); (B.M.A.)
- Department of Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Jorge A. Aburto-Corona
- Facultad de Deportes Tijuana, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana 22615, Mexico; (J.A.A.-C.); (L.M.G.-M.)
| | - Iván Rentería
- Facultad de Deportes Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22890, Mexico; (P.C.G.-S.); (I.R.); (B.M.A.)
| | - Luis M. Gómez-Miranda
- Facultad de Deportes Tijuana, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana 22615, Mexico; (J.A.A.-C.); (L.M.G.-M.)
| | - José Moncada-Jiménez
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center (CIMOHU), University of Costa Rica, San José 1200, Costa Rica;
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Paulista State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil;
| | - Barbara Moura Antunes
- Facultad de Deportes Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22890, Mexico; (P.C.G.-S.); (I.R.); (B.M.A.)
| | - Alberto Jiménez-Maldonado
- Facultad de Deportes Ensenada, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada 22890, Mexico; (P.C.G.-S.); (I.R.); (B.M.A.)
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18
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Engeroff T, Füzeki E, Vogt L, Banzer W. The Acute Effects of Single or Repeated Bouts of Vigorous-Intensity Exercise on Insulin and Glucose Metabolism during Postprandial Sedentary Behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084422. [PMID: 35457289 PMCID: PMC9032798 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fitness and exercise may counteract the detrimental metabolic and mood adaptations during prolonged sitting. This study distinguishes the immediate effects of a single bout vs. work-load and intensity-matched repeated exercise breaks on subjective well-being, blood glucose, and insulin response (analyzed as area under the curve) during sedentary time; and assesses the influence of fitness and caloric intake on metabolic alterations during sedentariness. Eighteen women underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing and three 4 h sitting interventions: two exercise interventions (70% VO2max, 30 min, cycle ergometer: (1) cycling prior to sitting; (2) sitting interrupted by 5 × 6 min cycling), and one control condition (sitting). Participants consumed one meal with ad libitum quantity (caloric intake), but standardized macronutrient proportion. Exercise breaks (4057 ± 2079 μU/mL·min) reduced insulin values compared to a single bout of exercise (5346 ± 5000 μU/mL·min) and the control condition (6037 ± 3571 μU/mL·min) (p ≤ 0.05). ANCOVA revealed moderating effects of caloric intake (519 ± 211 kilocalories) (p ≤ 0.01), but no effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (41.3 ± 4.2 mL/kg/min). Breaks also led to lower depression, but higher arousal compared to a no exercise control (p ≤ 0.05). Both exercise trials led to decreased agitation (p ≤ 0.05). Exercise prior to sitting led to greater peace of mind during sedentary behavior (p ≤ 0.05). Just being fit or exercising prior to sedentary behavior are not feasible to cope with acute detrimental metabolic changes during sedentary behavior. Exercise breaks reduce the insulin response to a meal. Despite their vigorous intensity, breaks are perceived as positive stimulus. Detrimental metabolic changes during sedentary time could also be minimized by limiting caloric intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Engeroff
- Division Health and Performance, Institute of Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-3895
| | - Eszter Füzeki
- Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (E.F.); (W.B.)
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (E.F.); (W.B.)
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19
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Iannetta D, Inglis EC, Maturana FM, Spigolon G, Pogliaghi S, Murias JM. Transient speeding of V̇O2 kinetics following acute sessions of sprint interval training: Similar exercise dose but different outcomes in older and young adults. Exp Gerontol 2022; 164:111826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Wallmann-Sperlich B, Düking P, Müller M, Froböse I, Sperlich B. Type and intensity distribution of structured and incidental lifestyle physical activity of students and office workers: a retrospective content analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:634. [PMID: 35365097 PMCID: PMC8976323 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) guidelines acknowledge the health benefits of regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) regardless of bout duration. However, little knowledge exists concerning the type and intensity distribution of structured and incidental lifestyle PA of students and office workers. The present study aimed to i) assess the duration and distribution of intensity of MVPAs during waking hours ≥50% of heart rate reserve (HRR), ii) to identify the type of PA through diary assessment, iii) to assign these activities into structured and lifestyle incidental PA, and iv) to compare this information between students and office workers. METHODS Twenty-three healthy participants (11 students, 12 office workers) recorded heart rate (HR) with a wrist-worn HR monitor (Polar M600) and filled out a PA diary throughout seven consecutive days (i.e. ≥ 8 waking h/day). Relative HR zones were calculated, and PA diary information was coded using the Compendium of PA. We matched HR data with the reported PA and identified PA bouts during waking time ≥ 50% HRR concerning duration, HRR zone, type of PA, and assigned each activity to incidental and structured PA. Descriptive measures for time spend in different HRR zones and differences between students and office workers were calculated. RESULTS In total, we analyzed 276.894 s (76 h 54 min 54 s) of waking time in HRR zones ≥50% and identified 169 different types of PA. The participants spend 31.9 ± 27.1 min/day or 3.9 ± 3.2% of their waking time in zones of ≥50% HRR with no difference between students and office workers (p > 0.01). The proportion of assigned incidental lifestyle PA was 76.9 ± 22.5%. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides initial insights regarding the type, amount, and distribution of intensity of structured and incidental lifestyle PA ≥ 50% HRR. Findings show a substantial amount of incidental lifestyle PA during waking hours and display the importance of promoting a physically active lifestyle. Future research could employ ambulatory assessments with integrated electronic diaries to detect information on the type and context of MVPA during the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Wallmann-Sperlich
- Institute of Sports Science, Julius-Maximilian University Würzburg, Judenbühlweg 11, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Düking
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Institute of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Judenbühlweg 11, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Müller
- Institute of Sports Science, Julius-Maximilian University Würzburg, Judenbühlweg 11, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Froböse
- Institute of Movement-Therapy and movement-oriented Prevention and Rehabilitation, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Köln, Germany
| | - Billy Sperlich
- Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science and Training, Institute of Sport Science, University of Würzburg, Judenbühlweg 11, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
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21
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Smith LE, Van Guilder GP, Dalleck LC, Harris NK. The effects of high-intensity functional training on cardiometabolic risk factors and exercise enjoyment in men and women with metabolic syndrome: study protocol for a randomized, 12-week, dose-response trial. Trials 2022; 23:182. [PMID: 35232475 PMCID: PMC8887188 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at a greater risk for developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) than those without MetS, due to underlying endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Exercise is an effective primary and secondary prevention strategy for MetS; however, less than 25% of adults meet the minimum stated public recommendations. Barriers often identified are lack of enjoyment and lack of time. High-intensity functional training (HIFT), a time-efficient modality of exercise, has shown some potential to elicit positive affectivity and elicit increased fitness and improved glucose metabolism. However, the effects of HIFT on dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction have not been explored nor have the effects been explored in a population with MetS. Additionally, no studies have investigated the minimal dose of HIFT per week to see clinically meaningful changes in cardiometabolic health. The purpose of this study is to (1) determine the dose-response effect of HIFT on blood lipids, insulin resistance, and endothelial function and (2) determine the dose-response effect of HIFT on body composition, fitness, and perceived enjoyment and intention to continue the exercise. Methods/design In this randomized, dose-response trial, participants will undergo a 12-week HIFT intervention of either 1 day/week, 2 days/week, or 3 days/week of supervised, progressive exercise. Outcomes assessed at baseline and post-intervention will be multiple cardiometabolic markers, and fitness. Additionally, the participant’s affective response will be measured after the intervention. Discussion The findings of this research will provide evidence on the minimal dose of HIFT per week to see clinically meaningful improvements in the risk factors of MetS, as well as whether this modality is likely to mitigate the barriers to exercise. If an effective dose of HIFT per week is determined and if this modality is perceived positively, it may provide exercise specialists and health care providers a tool to prevent and treat MetS. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05001126. August 11, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Smith
- Department of Recreation, Exercise, and Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA.
| | - G P Van Guilder
- Department of Recreation, Exercise, and Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - L C Dalleck
- Department of Recreation, Exercise, and Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - N K Harris
- Health and Environmental Sciences Department, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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22
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Kua Z, Hamzah F, Tan PT, Ong LJ, Tan B, Huang Z. Physical activity levels and mental health burden of healthcare workers during COVID‐19 lockdown. Stress Health 2022; 38:171-179. [PMID: 34231968 PMCID: PMC8420337 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 has precipitated international lockdown measures to curb disease transmissions. The closure of public activity spaces as well as changes in pandemic workload may disrupt healthcare workers' physical activity and self-care routines. We sought to examine the association between physical activity levels and mental health burden of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 lockdown in Singapore. This cross-sectional study comprised of an multidomain survey that was administered digitally to 707 healthcare workers between 17 May and 18 June 2020. Exercise frequency, duration and intensity of these healthcare workers had reduced significantly during the lockdown compared to pre-lockdown. 25.3%, 37.2%, and 11.9% had screened positive for moderate-to-extremely-severe depression, anxiety and stress respectively. Reductions in exercise duration was a significant risk factor for mild stress and moderate-to-severe depression while increase in exercise frequency was found to be a protective factor against depressed mood. Our study revealed that a short-term reduction in physical activity levels during lockdown was associated with poorer psychological outcomes. Given the protection that exercise confers on depression, physical activity should be promoted at the workplace and at home to support healthcare workers to cope through this protracted health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaylea Kua
- Department of Psychological MedicineChangi General HospitalSingapore
| | - Fadzil Hamzah
- Department of Sport & Exercise MedicineChangi General HospitalSingapore
| | - Pei T. Tan
- Clinical Trials & Research UnitChangi General HospitalSingapore
| | - Li J. Ong
- Department of DieteticsChangi General HospitalSingapore
| | - Benedict Tan
- Department of Sport & Exercise MedicineChangi General HospitalSingapore
| | - Zhongwei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics & GynaecologyNational University Health SystemsSingapore,Department of PhysiologyYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore,Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency of Science, Technology and Research, SingaporeSingapore
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23
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Islam H, Gibala MJ, Little JP. Exercise Snacks: A Novel Strategy to Improve Cardiometabolic Health. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2022; 50:31-37. [PMID: 34669625 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We define exercise snacks as isolated ≤1-min bouts of vigorous exercise performed periodically throughout the day. We hypothesize that exercise snacks are a feasible, well-tolerated, and time-efficient approach to improve cardiorespiratory fitness and reduce the negative impact of sedentary behavior on cardiometabolic health. Efficacy has been demonstrated in small proof-of-concept studies. Additional research should investigate this novel physical activity strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Islam
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC
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24
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Rafiei H, Omidian K, Myette-Côté É, Little JP. Metabolic Effect of Breaking Up Prolonged Sitting with Stair Climbing Exercise Snacks. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:150-158. [PMID: 32555024 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prolonged sitting is associated with cardiometabolic complications. The study purpose was to investigate whether breaking up prolonged sitting with brief stair climbing exercise "snacks" could lower postprandial insulin, glucose, and free fatty acids responses. METHODS In two separate randomized crossover studies, 12 young healthy-weight men (study 1) and 11 adults with overweight/obesity (OW; study 2) completed two experimental conditions: i) sedentary (SED; 9-h sitting) and ii) stair climbing snacks (SS; 8 × 15-30 s once per hour). The same high-glycemic index meals were consumed at 0, 3, and 6 h at each condition. The primary outcome was total insulin area under the curve (AUC) across 9 h. RESULTS In healthy-weight men, there were no significant differences between SS and SED for total (9-h) insulin AUC (P = 0.24, d = 0.4), total glucose AUC (P = 0.17, d = 0.48), total nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) AUC (P = 0.22, d = 0.4), or total triglyceride AUC (P = 0.72). In adults with OW, total insulin AUC (-16.5%, P = 0.036, d = 0.94) and total NEFA AUC (-21%, P = 0.016, d = 1.2) were significantly lower in SS versus SED. No differences were found for total glucose and triglyceride AUC (all, P > 0.31) in participants with OW. CONCLUSIONS Breaking up 9 h of prolonged sitting with hourly brief stair climbing exercise snacks lowered postprandial insulin and NEFA levels in adults with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Rafiei
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, CANADA
| | - Kosar Omidian
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, CANADA
| | - Étienne Myette-Côté
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, CANADA
| | - Jonathan Peter Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, CANADA
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25
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Stamatakis E, Huang BH, Maher C, Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Stathi A, Dempsey PC, Johnson N, Holtermann A, Chau JY, Sherrington C, Daley AJ, Hamer M, Murphy MH, Tudor-Locke C, Gibala MJ. Untapping the Health Enhancing Potential of Vigorous Intermittent Lifestyle Physical Activity (VILPA): Rationale, Scoping Review, and a 4-Pillar Research Framework. Sports Med 2021; 51:1-10. [PMID: 33108651 PMCID: PMC7806564 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently revised public health guidelines acknowledge the health benefits of regular intermittent bouts of vigorous intensity incidental physical activity done as part of daily living, such as carrying shopping bags, walking uphill, and stair climbing. Despite this recognition and the advantages such lifestyle physical activity has over continuous vigorous intensity structured exercise, a scoping review we conducted revealed that current research in this area is, at best, rudimentary. Key gaps include the absence of an empirically-derived dose specification (e.g., minimum duration of lifestyle physical activity required to achieve absolute or relative vigorous intensity), lack of acceptable measurement standards, limited understanding of acute and chronic (adaptive) effects of intermittent vigorous bouts on health, and paucity of essential information necessary to develop feasible and scalable interventions (e.g., acceptability of this kind of physical activity by the public). To encourage collaboration and research agenda alignment among groups interested in this field, we propose a research framework to further understanding of vigorous intermittent lifestyle physical activity (VILPA). This framework comprises four pillars aimed at the development of: (a) an empirical definition of VILPA, (b) methods to reliably and accurately measure VILPA, (c) approaches to examine the short and long-term dose-response effects of VILPA, and (d) scalable and acceptable behavioural VILPA-promoting interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Stamatakis
- School of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Hub D17, L6 West, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Bo-Huei Huang
- School of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Hub D17, L6 West, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol Maher
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Cecilie Thøgersen-Ntoumani
- Physical Activity and Well-Being Research Group, School of Psychology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Afroditi Stathi
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paddy C Dempsey
- Physical Activity and Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratories, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nathan Johnson
- School of Health Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Hub D17, L6 West, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andreas Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Josephine Y Chau
- Department of Health Systems and Populations, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catherine Sherrington
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amanda J Daley
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute Sport Exercise Health, Faculty Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Marie H Murphy
- Doctoral College, Ulster University, Newtownabbey, Co Antrim, BT37 0QB, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Catrine Tudor-Locke
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Services, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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26
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Ozemek C, Arena R. Evidence supporting moving more and sitting less. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 64:3-8. [PMID: 33373619 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High levels of sedentary time and physical inactivity independently contribute to the development of noncommunicable diseases and premature mortality. Engaging in at least 150 min of moderate or 75 min of vigorous physical activity (PA) is globally recognized as conferring substantial health benefits. However, setting these distinct thresholds and promoting them may have inadvertently created perceptions among the general public that an all or nothing phenomenon exists. Yet, the PA guidelines and a growing body of evidence highlights the robust health benefits associated with becoming more active from a previously sedentary lifestyle, even if the volume of PA performed is below current ideal recommendations. Practitioners providing PA recommendations are encouraged to initially highlight the benefits of moving more and sitting less rather than initially setting lofty, perhaps unachievable, PA goals for inactive individuals. Taking this approach may increase the likelihood of adopting a more physically active lifestyle and ultimately progressing to meet the PA guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Ozemek
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, USA.
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27
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Caldwell HG, Coombs GB, Rafiei H, Ainslie PN, Little JP. Hourly staircase sprinting exercise "snacks" improve femoral artery shear patterns but not flow-mediated dilation or cerebrovascular regulation: a pilot study. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:521-529. [PMID: 33242251 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Healthy males (n = 10; age: 24 ± 4 years; body mass index: 24 ± 2 kg·m-2) completed 2 randomized conditions separated by ≥48 h involving 6-8.5 h of sitting with ("stair snacks") and without (sedentary) hourly staircase sprint interval exercise (∼14-20 s each). Resting blood flow and shear rates were measured in the femoral artery, internal carotid artery, and vertebral artery (Duplex ultrasound). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was quantified as an index of peripheral endothelial function in the femoral artery. Neurovascular coupling (NVC; regional blood flow response to local increases in cerebral metabolism) was assessed in the posterior cerebral artery (transcranial Doppler ultrasound). Femoral artery hemodynamics were higher following the active trial with no change in the sedentary trial, including blood flow (+32 ± 23% vs. -10 ± 28%; P = 0.015 and P = 0.253, respectively), vascular conductance (+32 ± 27% vs. -15 ± 26%; P = 0.012 and P = 0.098, respectively), and mean shear rate (+17 ± 8% vs. -8 ± 28%; P = 0.004 and P = 0.310, respectively). The change in FMD was not different within or between conditions (P = 0.184). Global cerebral blood flow (CBF), conductance, shear patterns, and NVC were not different within or between conditions (all P > 0.05). Overall, exercise "stair snacks" improve femoral artery blood flow and shear patterns but not peripheral (e.g., FMD) or cerebral (e.g., CBF and NVC) vascular function following prolonged sitting. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03374436). Novelty: Breaking up 8.5 h of sitting with hourly staircase sprinting exercise "snacks" improves resting femoral artery shear patterns but not FMD. Cerebral blood flow and neurovascular coupling were unaltered following 6 h of sitting with and without hourly exercise breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Caldwell
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Geoff B Coombs
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Hossein Rafiei
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada.,Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
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28
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Souza D, Coswig V, de Lira CAB, Gentil P. H″IT″ting the Barriers for Exercising during Social Isolation. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E245. [PMID: 32847134 PMCID: PMC7565488 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic exercise is traditionally recommended to improve general health and prevent many non-communicable diseases. However, the measures adopted to control the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak culminated with closing of exercise facilities and fitness centers and, as a primary consequence, impaired aerobic exercise practice. This contributed to an increase in risk factors associated with physical inactivity such as insulin resistance, high blood pressure, low-grade inflammation, weight gain, and mental health problems. The scenario is worrisome, and it is important to propose alternatives for exercise practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interval training (IT) emerges as an exercise mode that might be feasible, low-cost, and potentially safe to be performed in many different places. IT consists of interspersing relative brief bouts of high-intensity exercise with recovery periods and promotes similar or greater health benefits when compared to moderate-intensity continuous exercise. Among the different types of IT, sprint interval training and "Tabata protocols" might be particularly useful during social isolation. These protocols can be controlled and performed without the need of complex equipment and can be adapted to different places, including domestic environments. In this article, we present variations of IT as possible alternatives to cope physical inactivity during COVID-19 pandemics with a focus on its practical applications. The protocols suggested can be performed without the need of specialized equipment or facilities, in a time-efficient manner, and aiming to prevent detraining or even improve physical fitness and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Souza
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
| | - Victor Coswig
- College of Physical Education, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal 68746-360, Brazil;
| | - Claudio Andre Barbosa de Lira
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
| | - Paulo Gentil
- College of Physical Education and Dance, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Brazil; (D.S.); (C.A.B.d.L.)
- Hypertension League, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania 74605-020, Brazil
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29
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Wun CH, Zhang MJ, Ho BH, McGeough K, Tan F, Aziz AR. Efficacy of a Six-Week Dispersed Wingate-Cycle Training Protocol on Peak Aerobic Power, Leg Strength, Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Lipids and Quality of Life in Healthy Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17134860. [PMID: 32640602 PMCID: PMC7369806 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17134860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a six-week dispersed Wingate Anaerobic test (WAnT) cycle exercise training protocol on peak aerobic power (VO2peak), isokinetic leg strength, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and quality of life, in healthy adults. Methods: We conducted a match-controlled cohort trial and participants were assigned to either the training (intervention, INT, N = 16) or non-training (control, CON, N = 17) group. INT performed 30-s WAnT bouts three times a day in the morning, afternoon and evening with each bout separated by ~4 h of rest, performed for 3 days a week for 6 weeks. Criterion measures of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), leg strength, insulin markers such as homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI), blood lipids profile and health-related quality of life (HRQL) survey were assessed before and after 6 weeks in both groups. Results: Absolute VO2peak increased by 8.3 ± 7.0% (p < 0.001) after INT vs. 0.9 ± 6.1% in CON (p = 0.41) group. Maximal voluntary contraction at 30°·s-1 of the dominant lower-limb flexors in INT increased significantly post-training (p = 0.03). There were no changes in the INT individuals' other cardiorespiratory markers, HOMA, QUICKI, blood lipids, and HRQL measures (all p > 0.05) between pre- and post-training; but importantly, no differences were observed between INT and CON groups (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: The results indicate that 6 weeks of dispersed sprint cycle training increased cardiorespiratory fitness and dynamic leg strength but had minimal impact on insulin sensitivity, blood lipids and quality of life in the exercising individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hou Wun
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (C.H.W.); (F.T.)
| | - Mandy Jiajia Zhang
- Changi Sports Medicine Centre, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore; (M.J.Z.); (B.H.H.)
| | - Boon Hor Ho
- Changi Sports Medicine Centre, Changi General Hospital, Singapore 529889, Singapore; (M.J.Z.); (B.H.H.)
| | - Kenneth McGeough
- ActiveSG, Active Health Division, Sport Singapore, Singapore 397630, Singapore;
| | - Frankie Tan
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; (C.H.W.); (F.T.)
- Sport Science and Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore 397630, Singapore
| | - Abdul Rashid Aziz
- Sport Science and Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Sport Singapore, Singapore 397630, Singapore
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30
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Gibala MJ, Little JP. Physiological basis of brief vigorous exercise to improve health. J Physiol 2019; 598:61-69. [PMID: 31691289 DOI: 10.1113/jp276849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review considers the physiological basis of brief vigorous exercise to improve health, with a focus on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and glycaemic control, and the potential underlying mechanisms involved. We defined 'brief' as a protocol lasting ≤15 min including warm-up, cool-down and recovery, and involving a total of ≤5 min of 'vigorous' exercise, which was classified as meeting or exceeding the lower end of the range for this relative intensity as per the criteria from the American College of Sports Medicine. The physiological mechanisms responsible for the increase in CRF, as measured by maximal oxygen update ( V ̇ O 2 max ), after brief vigorous exercise are unclear and likely depend on various factors including the specific nature of the intervention as well as the time course of the response. Limited available evidence suggests the potential for an increased oxygen extraction by active muscle (i.e. greater arterio-venous oxygen difference), since an increase in V ̇ O 2 max has been reported after several weeks of brief vigorous exercise despite no measurable change in cardiac output. Emerging evidence indicates that brief vigorous exercise can improve glycaemic control, suggesting that this type of exercise could potentially play a role in the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. The acute response is not well characterized but several studies have shown that several weeks of vigorous exercise improves estimates of insulin sensitivity as determined by various methods including by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. The physiological mechanisms underlying improved CRF and glycaemic control after brief vigorous exercise, and the broader impact on health, remain fruitful areas of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Science, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
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