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Takahashi K, Terashima M, Notsu A, Koseki Y, Furukawa K, Fujiya K, Tanizawa Y, Bando E. Surgical treatment for liver metastasis from gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term outcomes and prognostic factors. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2024; 50:108582. [PMID: 39126987 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2024.108582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the mainstay treatment for liver metastasis from gastric cancer. However, some retrospective studies and meta-analyses have indicated the efficacy of hepatectomy, which is an aggressive treatment option. However, the optimal selection criteria for hepatectomy and the role of perioperative chemotherapy remain unclear. Therefore, a meta-analysis of studies on hepatectomy was performed to assess the impact of various factors on overall survival (OS). A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA criteria using studies published until 2022. The primary outcome was the hazard ratio (HR) for OS. Comparisons were made between hepatectomy and nonhepatectomy, solitary and multiple metastases, synchronous and metachronous metastases, treatment with and without neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and treatment with and without adjuvant chemotherapy. A total of 50 studies involving 1966 patients who underwent hepatectomy were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis showed a 5-year OS rate of 25 %. A meta-analysis comparing hepatectomy with nonhepatectomy showed an HR of 0.2 for hepatectomy. A meta-analysis comparing solitary and multiple metastases showed a trend toward better OS in patients with solitary metastases (odds ratio [OR]: 0.35). A meta-analysis comparing synchronous and metachronous metastases showed favorable OS for patients with metachronous metastases (OR: 0.66). A meta-analysis comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy with no neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed no difference in OS. In contrast, a meta-analysis comparing adjuvant chemotherapy with no adjuvant chemotherapy showed better OS for adjuvant chemotherapy (OR: 0.39). This retrospective study indicates that hepatectomy may benefit patients with liver metastases from gastric cancer, particularly those with solitary and metachronous metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akifumi Notsu
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Japan
| | - Yusuke Koseki
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Fujiya
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Japan
| | | | - Etsuro Bando
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Japan
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Hirose Y, Aizawa M, Yabusaki H, Nomura T, Takano K, Kawasaki T, Watanabe G, Shimojima Y, Yuza K, Bamba T, Nakagawa S. Prognostic Role of Preoperative Chemotherapy in Liver-Limited Metastasis from Gastric Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:4213-4223. [PMID: 38519783 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15224-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the prognostic role of preoperative chemotherapy in patients who underwent hepatectomy for liver-limited metastasis (LLM) from gastric cancer (GC). METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted for 52 consecutive patients who underwent macroscopically complete (R0 or R1) resection for synchronous or metachronous LLM from GC. RESULTS Of the 52 patients, 18 (35%) received preoperative chemotherapy (PC group), while 34 (65%) underwent upfront surgery (US group). The PC group had a significantly longer overall survival than the US group (cumulative 5-year OS rate: 47.6% vs. 24.8%, p = 0.041). Multivariate analysis of OS revealed that preoperative chemotherapy was an independent favorable prognostic factor (hazard ratio: 0.445, p = 0.036). Patients showing a partial response to preoperative chemotherapy on RECIST had an improved OS compared with those exhibiting stable or progressive disease after preoperative chemotherapy and with US (p = 0.025), even among those with solitary LLM (p = 0.062) and multiple LLM (p = 0.026). At recurrence after hepatectomy for LLM, the PC group had a significantly higher incidence of solitary tumors than the US group (p = 0.043) and had a higher chance to undergo surgical resection for recurrent sites (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative chemotherapy can be recommended for patients with LLM from GC. The evaluation of the efficacy of preoperative chemotherapy offers additional information to determine the surgical indication for LLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hirose
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan.
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Masaki Aizawa
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yabusaki
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nomura
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kabuto Takano
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawasaki
- Department of Pathology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Department of Pathology, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yukio Shimojima
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kizuki Yuza
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takeo Bamba
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoru Nakagawa
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata, Japan
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Levine JM, Rompen IF, Franco JC, Swett B, Kryschi MC, Habib JR, Diskin B, Hewitt DB, Sacks GD, Kaplan B, Berman RS, Cohen SM, Wolfgang CL, Javed AA. The impact of metastatic sites on survival Rates and predictors of extended survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2024:S1424-3903(24)00659-8. [PMID: 38969544 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the role of site-specific metastatic patterns over time and assess factors associated with extended survival in metastatic PDAC. Half of all patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) present with metastatic disease. The site of metastasis plays a crucial role in clinical decision making due to its prognostic value. METHODS We examined 56,757 stage-IV PDAC patients from the National Cancer Database (2016-2019), categorizing them by metastatic site: multiple, liver, lung, brain, bone, carcinomatosis, or other. The site-specific prognostic value was assessed using log-rank tests while time-varying effects were assessed by Aalen's linear hazards model. Factors associated with extended survival (>3years) were assessed with logistic regression. RESULTS Median overall survival (mOS) in patients with distant lymph node-only metastases (9.0 months) and lung-only metastases (8.1 months) was significantly longer than in patients with liver-only metastases (4.6 months, p < 0.001). However, after six months, the metastatic site lost prognostic value. Logistic regression identified extended survivors (3.6 %) as more likely to be younger, Hispanic, privately insured, Charlson-index <2, having received chemotherapy, or having undergone primary or distant site surgery (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSION While synchronous liver metastases are associated with worse outcomes than lung-only and lymph node-only metastases, this predictive value is diminished after six months. Therefore, treatment decisions beyond this time should not primarily depend on the metastatic site. Extended survival is possible in a small subset of patients with favorable tumor biology and good conditional status, who are more likely to undergo aggressive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonah M Levine
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ingmar F Rompen
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jorge Campos Franco
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ben Swett
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maximilian C Kryschi
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joseph R Habib
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Diskin
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Brock Hewitt
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Greg D Sacks
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Kaplan
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Russel S Berman
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven M Cohen
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher L Wolfgang
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ammar A Javed
- Department of Surgery, The NYU Grossman School of Medicine and NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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Yamaguchi H, Fukumitsu N, Numajiri H, Ogino H, Katoh N, Okimoto T, Suzuki M, Sakurai H. The Japanese nationwide cohort data of proton beam therapy for liver oligometastasis in esophagogastric cancer patients. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2023; 64:926-932. [PMID: 37697668 PMCID: PMC10665303 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
A nationwide multicenter cohort study on particle therapy was launched by the Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology in Japan in May 2016. We analyzed the outcome of proton beam therapy (PBT) for liver oligometastasis of esophagogastric cancers. Cases in which PBT was performed at all PBT facilities in Japan between May 2016 and February 2019 were enrolled. The patients were selected based on the following criteria: controlled primary cancer, liver recurrence without extrahepatic tumors and no more than three liver lesions. Twenty-two males and two females with a median age of 69 (range, 52-80) years and 35 lesions were included. This study included 6 patients with esophageal and 18 patients with gastric cancer. The median lesion size, fraction size and biological effective dose (BED)10 were 32 (7-104) mm, 3.8 gray (relative biological effect)/fractions (Gy (RBE)/fr) (2-8 Gy (RBE)/fr) and 96.9 (88.8-115.2) Gy, respectively. The median follow-up period was 18 (4-47) months. The 1-, 2- and 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 75, 51.8 and 45.3%, respectively, and the median OS was 25.3 months. The 1-, 2- and 3-year cumulative local recurrence (LR) rates were 3, 6 and 6%, respectively. Patients' age (P < 0.01), performance status (P = 0.017) and tumor size (P = 0.024) were significant OS-related factors. No Grade 3 or higher adverse events (AEs) were observed. Owing to the low incidence of AEs and the low LR cumulative incidence, PBT is a feasible option for liver oligometastasis of esophagogastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center, 7-172 Yatsuyamada, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8052, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Fukumitsu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center Kobe Proton Center, 1-6-8 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Haruko Numajiri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogino
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nagoya Proton Therapy Center, Nagoya City University West Medical Center, 1-1-1 Hirate-cho, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462-8508, Japan
| | - Norio Katoh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, North-15 West-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Okimoto
- Department of Radiology, Hyogo Ion Beam Medical Center, 1-2-1 Koto, Shingu-cho, Tatsuno, Hyogo 679-5165, Japan
| | - Motohisa Suzuki
- Department of Radiology, Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center, 7-172 Yatsuyamada, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8052, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakurai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Evaluating the efficacy of post-operative chemotherapy after curative resection of stage IV gastric cancer with synchronous oligo metastasis: a multicenter retrospective study. Gastric Cancer 2023; 26:307-316. [PMID: 36695982 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-023-01363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical resection of oligo-metastasis in gastric cancer (GC) is weakly recommended for patients without other incurable factors in the Japanese GC Treatment Guidelines. While post-operative chemotherapy is the standard treatment in patients with stage II or III GC, its efficacy for resected stage IV GC is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of post-operative chemotherapy after curative resection of GC with oligo-metastasis. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with GC who were diagnosed with synchronous oligo-metastasis at 20 institutions in Japan between 2007 and 2012. The selection criteria were: adenocarcinoma, stage IV with oligo-metastasis at liver or lymph node without other distant metastasis, curative resection including synchronous oligo-metastasis, and no prior treatment of GC before surgery. RESULTS A total of 110 patients were collected. Of the 94 eligible patients, 84 underwent gastrectomy with surgical resection of oligo-metastasis (39 [41%] liver metastasis and 55, [59%] distant lymph node metastasis), followed by post-operative chemotherapy with S-1 (S1: n = 55), S1 plus cisplatin (CS: n = 22), or Others (n = 7). Moreover, 10 patients did not receive post-operative chemotherapy (Non-Cx). The median overall survival (OS) was 35.2 and 11.1 months in the post-operative chemotherapy and Non-Cx groups (hazard ratio, 3.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.74-7.30; p < 0.001), respectively. In multivariable analysis, Non-Cx and age over 70 years were identified as poor prognostic factors for OS (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Curative resection followed by post-operative chemotherapy in patients with GC with synchronous oligo-metastasis showed favorable survival.
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Zhang L, Jin R, Yang X, Ying D. A population-based study of synchronous distant metastases and prognosis in patients with PDAC at initial diagnosis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1087700. [PMID: 36776324 PMCID: PMC9909560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1087700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Cancer of the pancreas is a life-threatening condition and has a high distant metastasis (DM) rate of over 50% at diagnosis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether patterns of distant metastases correlated with prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with metastatic spread, and build a novel nomogram capable of predicting the 6, 12, 18-month survival rate with high accuracy. Methods We analyzed data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for cases of PDAC with DM. Kaplan-Meier analysis, log-rank tests and Cox-regression proportional hazards model were used to assess the impact of site and number of DM on the cancer-specific survival (CSS) and over survival (OS). A total of 2709 patients with DM were randomly assigned to the training group and validation group in a 7:3 ratio. A nomogram was constructed by the dependent risk factors which were determined by multivariate Cox-regression analysis. An assessment of the discrimination and ability of the prediction model was made by measuring AUC, C-index, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA). In addition, we collected 98 patients with distant metastases at the time of initial diagnosis from Ningbo University Affiliated LiHuili Hospital to verify the efficacy of the prediction model. Results There was a highest incidence of liver metastases from pancreatic cancer (2387,74.36%), followed by lung (625,19.47%), bone (190,5.92%), and brain (8,0.25%). The prognosis of liver metastases differed from that of lung metastases, and the presence of multiple organ metastases was associated with poorer prognosis. According to univariate and multivariate Cox-regression analyses, seven factors (i.e., diagnosis age, tumor location, grade of tumor differentiation, T-stage, receipt of surgery, receipt of chemotherapy status, presence of multiple organ metastases) were included in our nomogram model. In internal and external validation, the ROC curves, C-index, calibration curves and DCA were calculated, which confirmed that this nomogram can precisely predict prognosis of PDAC with DM. Conclusion Metastatic PDAC patients with liver metastases tended to have a worse prognosis than those with lung metastases. The number of DM had significant effect on the overall survival rate of metastatic PDAC. This study had a high prediction accuracy, which was helpful clinicians to analyze the prognosis of PDAC with DM and implement individualized diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming Zhang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China,School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China,School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuanang Yang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongjian Ying
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Dongjian Ying,
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Xiong J, Wu Y, Hu H, Kang W, Li Y, Jin P, Shao X, Li W, Xie Y, Tian Y. Peking prognostic score is a useful prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer liver metastases receiving hepatectomy. Front Nutr 2022; 9:976364. [PMID: 36245530 PMCID: PMC9562039 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.976364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe present work evaluated how Peking prognostic score (PPS), the new prognostic index determined according to sarcopenia and lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR), was a prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer liver metastases (GCLM) who received hepatectomy.MethodsThis work extracted information about patients with GCLM who underwent hepatectomy from June 2012 to May 2018. The PPS of the patients was calculated from sarcopenia status and LCR before surgery, and patients were then divided into three groups based on their PPS. This work also carried out univariate and multivariate analyses for identifying variables that were linked with overall survival (OS) together with recurrence-free survival (RFS) after hepatectomy among three groups according to PPS.ResultsThis work included 108 GCLM cases who received hepatectomy. All cases were classified into 3 groups, i.e., 26 (24.1%), 48 (44.4%), and 34 (31.5%) in groups 0–2, separately. PPS exhibited positive relation with age (p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI; p = 0.012), and liver metastasis number. The relapse rate after hepatectomy in patients with GCLM was 69.4%. Additionally, the remnant liver relapse rates of groups 0–2 were 80.0, 68.7, and 53.5%. Patients in group 0 had significantly increased remnant liver relapse rates when compared with those in groups 0 and 1. PPS was significantly related to relapse patterns (p = 0.003). Relative to group 0, those of the other 2 groups showed dismal OS [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.98, 7.49 for groups 1 and 2; p < 0.001] along with RFS (HR = 3.65, 5.33 for groups 1 and 2; p < 0.001). As revealed by multivariate analysis, PPS independently predicted OS (p < 0.001) together with RFS (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe PPS could be an easy nutrition-inflammation prognostic scoring system and an independent preoperative predictor of survival for GCLM cases after hepatectomy.
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Li M, Yang B. Long-term outcomes after different treatments for gastric cancer with synchronous liver metastasis: A PRISMA systematic review and network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29533. [PMID: 35758396 PMCID: PMC9276347 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of gastric cancer (GC) with synchronous liver metastasis is still controversial. This systematic review and network meta-analysis was designed to evaluate the long-term outcomes after different treatments of GC with synchronous liver metastasis. METHODS Several electronic databases were searched to identify eligible studies updated on May 1, 2021. Studies assessing the overall survival (OS) after different treatments (including chemotherapy, interventional therapy, surgical therapy alone and adjunctive therapy after surgery) of GC with synchronous liver metastasis were included. Odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for survival variables. RESULTS A total of 15 studies including 4312 patients were included in this network meta-analysis. Adjunctive therapy after surgery performed better than surgery therapy alone (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.23, 95% credible interval [CrI]: 0.69-2.17), chemotherapy (HR = 1.18, 95%CrI: 0.71-1.95), and interventional therapy in terms of 1-year OS (HR = 2.03, 95%CrI: 1.22-3.37). In terms of 3-OS, adjunctive therapy after surgery showed better efficacy than surgery therapy alone (HR = 1.48, 95%CrI: 0.40-5.47), chemotherapy (HR = 1.27, 95%CrI: 0.37-4.35), and interventional therapy (HR = 3.16, 95%CrI: 0.73-13.63). For 5-OS, adjunctive therapy after surgery was superior to surgery therapy alone (HR = 1.74, 95%CrI: 0.08-37.76), chemotherapy (HR = 1.44, 95%CrI: 0.66-3.14), and interventional therapy (HR = 1.46, 95%CrI: 0.06-34.36). There were no statistical inconsistency and small-study effect existed in our network meta-analysis for 1-year, 3-year, or 5-year OS. Cluster ranking analysis performed with surface under the cumulative ranking showed adjuvant therapies after surgery (99.9, 96.7, 90.2) ranking higher than surgery therapy alone, chemotherapy, and interventional therapy for 1-year, 3-year, 5-year OS. CONCLUSION The OS of adjuvant therapy after surgery was better than that of surgery therapy alone, chemotherapy, and interventional therapy. Adjuvant therapy after surgery is the most recommended therapy for people with GC with synchronous liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of General Surgery, 967 Hospital of the Joint Service Support Force of PLA, Dalian, PR China
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Ng KKC, Cheng NMY, Lok HT, Kung JWC, Fung AKY, Chan SL. Is hepatic resection justified for non-colorectal non-neuroendocrine liver metastases? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgeon 2022; 21:160-172. [PMID: 35718702 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic resection (HR) is effective for colorectal or neuroendocrine liver metastases. However, the role of HR for non-colorectal non-neuroendocrine liver metastases (NCNNLM) is unknown. This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on long-term clinical outcomes after HR for NCNNLM. METHODS electronic search was performed to identify relevant publications using PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Primary outcomes were 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary outcomes were post-operative morbidity and 30-day mortality. RESULTS There were 40 selected studies involving 5696 patients with NCNNLM undergone HR. Pooled data analyses showed that the 3- and 5-year OS were 40% (95% CI 0.35-0.46) and 32% (95% CI 0.29-0.36), whereas the 3- and 5-year DFS were 28% (95% CI 0.21-0.36) and 24% (95% CI 0.20-0.30), respectively. The postoperative morbidity rate was 28%, while the 30-day mortality was 2%. Subgroup analysis on HR for gastric cancer liver metastasis revealed the 3-year and 5-year OS of 39% and 25%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HR for NCNNLM may achieve satisfactory survival outcome in selected patients with low morbidities and mortalities. However, more concrete evidence from prospective study is warrant in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin K C Ng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Nicole M Y Cheng
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Hon-Ting Lok
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Janet W C Kung
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Andrew K Y Fung
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Stephen L Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Xiong J, Wu Y, Hu H, Kang W, Li Y, Jin P, Shao X, Li W, Tian Y. Prognostic Significance of Preoperative Sarcopenia in Patients With Gastric Cancer Liver Metastases Receiving Hepatectomy. Front Nutr 2022; 9:878791. [PMID: 35619951 PMCID: PMC9127608 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.878791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The present work focused on assessing the role of computed tomography (CT)-determined sarcopenia in the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer liver metastases (GCLM) receiving hepatectomy. Methods We analyzed data collected from GCLM cases that underwent hepatectomy between March 2011 and July 2017. The third lumbar vertebra (L3) level skeletal muscle index (SMI) was analyzed by abdominal CT to determine the sarcopenia before surgery. The thresholds for CT-based sarcopenia of sex-specific L3 SMI were ≤ 34.9 cm2/m2 and ≤ 40.8 cm2/m2 for female and male, separately We determined overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS)by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results The cohort enrolled altogether 114 patients with GCLM receiving hepatectomy (average age: 62.6 years, male: 79.8%), and 58 (50.8%) patients had sarcopenia. The mean SMI was 34.2 in patients with sarcopenia compared to 42.7 in patients without sarcopenia (p < 0.001). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates in patients with GCLM after hepatectomy were 78.1, 43.7, and 34.3%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year RFS rates in patients were 49.8, 33.6, and 29.3%, respectively. Sarcopenia was related to an advanced age (≥65.0 years) (p = 0.009), reduced BMI (<18.5 kg/m2) (p < 0.001) and number of liver metastases (>1) (p = 0.025). Sarcopenia had a significant associated with the patterns of recurrence (p < 0.001). In addition, patients with sarcopenia had a significant difference in number of liver metastases in comparison with those without sarcopenia (p = 0.025). We discovered from multivariate analysis that sarcopenia independently predicted RFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI)= 1.18–2.35, p = 0.007]. Nevertheless, sarcopenia was not the prognostic factors that independently predicted OS (HR = 1.62; 95% CI = 0.57–2.73; p = 0.330). Conclusions In conclusion, we showed that CT-determined sarcopenia was the facile and effective prognostic factor for RFS inpatients with GCLM after hepatectomy. Patients with sarcopenia are associated with an increased tumor recurrence risk, and thereby customized treatment should be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Xiong
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzi Wu
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Hu
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhe Kang
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Jin
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Shao
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weikun Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yantao Tian
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Sakaue M, Sugimura K, Masuzawa T, Takeno A, Katsuyama S, Shinnke G, Ikeshima R, Kawai K, Hiraki M, Katsura Y, Ohmura Y, Hata T, Takeda Y, Murata K. Long-term survival of HER2 positive gastric cancer patient with multiple liver metastases who obtained pathological complete response after systemic chemotherapy: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2022; 94:107097. [PMID: 35468379 PMCID: PMC9046637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Advanced gastric cancer with liver metastasis is classified as stage IV disease and is generally treated with systemic chemotherapy. Despite recent advances in chemotherapy regimens, the prognosis for gastric cancer with liver metastasis is poor. Recent studies reported the effectiveness of upfront chemotherapy followed by conversion surgery for gastric cancer with liver metastasis. Here, we report a case of an advanced stage IV gastric cancer with liver metastasis treated with upfront systemic chemotherapy followed by conversion surgery, which resulted in pathological complete response and good prognosis. CASE PRESENTATION A 79-year-old man diagnosed with human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-positive gastric cancer with multiple liver metastases. He underwent systemic chemotherapy with capecitabine, cisplatin, and trastuzumab. After 14 courses of chemotherapy, the primary tumor and liver metastases shrank, suggesting a partial response. We performed distal gastrectomy with D2 dissection plus lateral hepatic segment resection. Pathological examination revealed no residual tumor cells in the primary or metastatic sites, which indicated a pathological complete response. The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 8. Adjuvant S-1 chemotherapy was started on postoperative day 46 and given for 1 year. The patient has been alive and recurrence-free for approximately 5 years after surgery. CONCLUSION This case shows the possibility of conversion surgery after systemic chemotherapy for stage IV advanced gastric cancer with liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Sakaue
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69, Inabaso, Amagasaki city, Hyogo 660-8511, Japan
| | - Keijiro Sugimura
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69, Inabaso, Amagasaki city, Hyogo 660-8511, Japan.
| | - Toru Masuzawa
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69, Inabaso, Amagasaki city, Hyogo 660-8511, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeno
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69, Inabaso, Amagasaki city, Hyogo 660-8511, Japan
| | - Shinnsuke Katsuyama
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69, Inabaso, Amagasaki city, Hyogo 660-8511, Japan
| | - Go Shinnke
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69, Inabaso, Amagasaki city, Hyogo 660-8511, Japan
| | - Ryo Ikeshima
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69, Inabaso, Amagasaki city, Hyogo 660-8511, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawai
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69, Inabaso, Amagasaki city, Hyogo 660-8511, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hiraki
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69, Inabaso, Amagasaki city, Hyogo 660-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Katsura
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69, Inabaso, Amagasaki city, Hyogo 660-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ohmura
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69, Inabaso, Amagasaki city, Hyogo 660-8511, Japan
| | - Taishi Hata
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69, Inabaso, Amagasaki city, Hyogo 660-8511, Japan
| | - Yutaka Takeda
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69, Inabaso, Amagasaki city, Hyogo 660-8511, Japan
| | - Kohei Murata
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, 3-1-69, Inabaso, Amagasaki city, Hyogo 660-8511, Japan
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12
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Takemura N, Saiura A, Ito H, Ito K, Inagaki F, Mihara F, Yagi S, Enomoto N, Nohara K, Inoue Y, Takahashi Y, Yamada K, Kokudo N. Proposal of new treatment algorithm for gastric cancer liver metastases: Up-front surgery or conversion surgery? Glob Health Med 2022; 4:57-60. [PMID: 35291203 PMCID: PMC8884038 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2021.01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hepatectomy for gastric cancer liver metastases (GCLM) has a 5-year survival rate of 9-42%; however, indications for hepatectomy remain unclear. Many researchers have reported prognostic factors for GCLM after hepatectomy, but surgical indications vary according to the literature. Furthermore, the indication for optimal candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and intensive chemotherapy is also unclear. To understand the indications for surgery and chemotherapy intended for hepatectomy for GCLM, a new treatment algorithm was created based on previously reported evidence from the viewpoint of hepatic surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Takemura
- Department of Surgery, Hepato-Biliary Pancreatic Surgery Division, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Saiura
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Juntendo University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ito
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoji Ito
- Department of Surgery, Hepato-Biliary Pancreatic Surgery Division, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Inagaki
- Department of Surgery, Hepato-Biliary Pancreatic Surgery Division, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuminori Mihara
- Department of Surgery, Hepato-Biliary Pancreatic Surgery Division, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shusuke Yagi
- Department of Surgery, Upper Abdominal Surgery Division, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Enomoto
- Department of Surgery, Upper Abdominal Surgery Division, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nohara
- Department of Surgery, Upper Abdominal Surgery Division, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Inoue
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Upper Abdominal Surgery Division, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Department of Surgery, Hepato-Biliary Pancreatic Surgery Division, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Chevallay M, Wassmer CH, Iranmanesh P, Jung MK, Mönig SP. Multimodal treatment in oligometastatic gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:434-449. [PMID: 35317315 PMCID: PMC8919006 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i2.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is generally diagnosed at an advanced stage, especially in countries without screening programs. Previously, the metastatic stage was synonymous with palliative management, and surgical indications were only for symptomatic relief. However, this therapeutic option is associated with poor prognosis. A subgroup of patients with limited metastatic disease could benefit from intensive treatment. A combination of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy could help either maintain a resectable state for oligometastatic disease or diminish the metastasis size to obtain a complete resection configuration. This latter strategy is known as conversion therapy and has growing evidence with favorable outcomes. Oncosurgical approach of metastatic disease could prolong survival in selected patients. The challenge for the surgeon and oncologist is to identify these specific patients to offer the best multimodal management. We review in this article the actual evidence for the treatment of oligometastatic gastric cancer with curative intent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Chevallay
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 1205, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Charles-Henri Wassmer
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 1205, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Pouya Iranmanesh
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 1205, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Minoa K Jung
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 1205, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Stefan P Mönig
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva 1205, Genève, Switzerland
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14
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Fujitani K, Kurokawa Y, Takeno A, Kawabata R, Omori T, Imamura H, Hirao M, Endo S, Kawada J, Moon JH, Kobayashi N, Takahashi T, Yamasaki M, Takiguchi S, Mori M, Eguchi H, Doki Y. Prospective Multicenter Interventional Study of Surgical Resection for Liver Metastasis from Gastric Cancer: R0 Resection Rate, and Operative Morbidity and Mortality. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 29:924-932. [PMID: 34480277 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal treatment for liver metastasis from gastric cancer (LMGC) remains uncertain. The relevance of surgical resection is controversial. We conducted a prospective multicenter interventional study of surgical resection for LMGC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with synchronous or metachronous LMGC who were surgically fit were registered. The primary endpoint was 3-year overall survival (OS) of patients who underwent R0 resection. Secondary endpoints were R0 resection rate, operative morbidity and mortality, 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) of R0 patients, and OS in all registered patients. RESULTS Seventy patients were registered from 24 institutions between December 2011 and November 2019 and received preoperative chemotherapy. Three patients were ineligible, and 19 patients discontinued treatment, with disease progression in 12, adverse events in 4, and consent withdrawal in 3 before surgery. Of the 48 patients eventually undergoing surgery, R0 resection of the primary and/or metastatic GC was accomplished in 43 patients, while 1 patient discontinued treatment for positive peritoneal lavage cytology and 4 patients were considered ineligible based on postoperative pathological findings other than GC. The R0 resection rate of all eligible patients was 68.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 55.3-79.4%, 43/63 patients], while that of all resected patients was 89.6% (95% CI 77.3-96.5%, 43/48 patients). Postoperative complications were identified in 12 out of 43 patients (27.9%), and Clavien-Dindo grade III or higher complications occurred in seven patients (16.3%). No hospital mortality was observed. CONCLUSIONS R0 resection for LMGC could be performed in approximately two-thirds of all eligible patients, with acceptable surgical morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Fujitani
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeno
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Omori
- Department of Surgery, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Imamura
- Department of Surgery, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Hirao
- Department of Surgery, Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunji Endo
- Department of Surgery, Higashi-Osaka Medical Center, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Junji Kawada
- Department of Surgery, Kaizuka Municipal Hospital, Kaizuka, Japan
| | - Jeong Ho Moon
- Department of Surgery, Osaka 2nd Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noboru Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamasaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Science, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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15
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Granieri S, Altomare M, Bruno F, Paleino S, Bonomi A, Germini A, Facciorusso A, Fagnani D, Bovo G, Cotsoglou C. Surgical treatment of gastric cancer liver metastases: Systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term outcomes and prognostic factors. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 163:103313. [PMID: 34044098 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with metastatic gastric cancer remains dismal, with palliative treatment as standard of care. However, encouraging results have been reported for surgical resection of liver only metastatic gastric cancer in carefully selected patients. A systematic review of articles published from 2000 onwards was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-nine studies were included in qualitative and quantitative analysis. Meta-analysis of proportions pointed out 29.1 % 5ySR (I 2 = 39 %). The pooled weighted median of MSTs was 31.1 months. T stage > 2, metastasis greatest dimension ≥ 5 cm, the presence of multiple metastases and bilobar disease resulted among the strongest predictors of mortality. Funnel plots, Egger's tests, and P-curve analyses failed to show significant publication bias. Based on strict selection criteria and robust statistical analyses, our results show that, in very carefully selected patients without extrahepatic disease, surgical resection with curative intent may significantly improve overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Granieri
- General Surgery Unit, ASST Vimercate, Via Santi Cosma e Damiano 10, 20871, Vimercate, Italy.
| | - Michele Altomare
- University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122, Milan, Italy; Gastrointestinal, Hepato-Pancreatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Federica Bruno
- General Surgery Unit, ASST Vimercate, Via Santi Cosma e Damiano 10, 20871, Vimercate, Italy.
| | - Sissi Paleino
- General Surgery Unit, ASST Vimercate, Via Santi Cosma e Damiano 10, 20871, Vimercate, Italy; University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Bonomi
- University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122, Milan, Italy; General Surgery Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi, 74, 20157, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Germini
- General Surgery Unit, ASST Vimercate, Via Santi Cosma e Damiano 10, 20871, Vimercate, Italy.
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- Department of Medical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Ospedali Riuniti di Foggia, Viale Luigi Pinto, 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Daniele Fagnani
- Medical Oncology Unit, ASST Vimercate, Via Santi Cosma e Damiano 10, 20871, Vimercate, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Bovo
- Pathology Unit, ASST Vimercate, Via Santi Cosma e Damiano 10, 20871, Vimercate, Italy.
| | - Christian Cotsoglou
- General Surgery Unit, ASST Vimercate, Via Santi Cosma e Damiano 10, 20871, Vimercate, Italy.
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16
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Watanabe H, Fujikawa H, Komori K, Kano K, Takahashi K, Yamada T, Inokuchi Y, Machida N, Yokose T, Rino Y, Masuda M, Ogata T, Oshima T. Successful Conversion Surgery for Stage IV Gastric Cancer after Nivolumab Monotherapy as Third-Line Chemotherapy. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2021; 15:562-567. [PMID: 34616257 PMCID: PMC8454226 DOI: 10.1159/000514396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There are few reports of conversion surgery (CS) after nivolumab monotherapy because it is considered as a third-line standard chemotherapy for unresectable or recurrent gastric cancer. Here, we report a rare case of stage IV gastric cancer effectively treated with CS after nivolumab monotherapy as a third-line chemotherapy. A 73-year-old man was referred to our hospital with loss of appetite and abdominal discomfort. Stage IV gastric cancer with liver metastasis was diagnosed via upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and CT. Twelve courses of capecitabine, cisplatin, and trastuzumab were administered as the first-line treatment, 25 courses of paclitaxel plus ramucirumab as the second-line treatment, and 31 courses of nivolumab monotherapy as the third-line treatment. After 31 courses of nivolumab monotherapy, CT showed that the primary tumor shrank with no liver metastasis or ascites. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed with no peritoneal dissemination (P0), and the peritoneal lavage cytology was negative (CY0). CS was performed with total gastrectomy and D2 lymph node dissection (R0 resection). The pathological diagnosis was U, Ant-Less, Type 2, 70 × 63 mm, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (ypT3N0M0 ypStage IIA). R0 resection was performed, and the histological response was grade 1a. The patient did not show recurrence for 9 months after CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Watanabe
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirohito Fujikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Komori
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kano
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kosuke Takahashi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takanobu Yamada
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Inokuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nozomu Machida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokose
- Department of Pathological Diagnosis, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Rino
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Munetaka Masuda
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogata
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Oshima
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
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17
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Marte G, Tufo A, Steccanella F, Marra E, Federico P, Petrillo A, Maida P. Efficacy of Surgery for the Treatment of Gastric Cancer Liver Metastases: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis of Prognostic Factors. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051141. [PMID: 33803135 PMCID: PMC7963158 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last 10 years, the management of patients with gastric cancer liver metastases (GCLM) has changed from chemotherapy alone, towards a multidisciplinary treatment with liver surgery playing a leading role. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the efficacy of hepatectomy for GCLM and to analyze the impact of related prognostic factors on long-term outcomes. METHODS The databases PubMed (Medline), EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles from January 2010 to September 2020. We included prospective and retrospective studies that reported the outcomes after hepatectomy for GCLM. A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of prognostic factors was performed. RESULTS We included 40 studies, including 1573 participants who underwent hepatic resection for GCLM. Post-operative morbidity and 30-day mortality rates were 24.7% and 1.6%, respectively. One-year, 3-years, and 5-years overall survival (OS) were 72%, 37%, and 26%, respectively. The 1-year, 3-years, and 5-years disease-free survival (DFS) were 44%, 24%, and 22%, respectively. Well-moderately differentiated tumors, pT1-2 and pN0-1 adenocarcinoma, R0 resection, the presence of solitary metastasis, unilobar metastases, metachronous metastasis, and chemotherapy were all strongly positively associated to better OS and DFS. CONCLUSION In the present study, we demonstrated that hepatectomy for GCLM is feasible and provides benefits in terms of long-term survival. Identification of patient subgroups that could benefit from surgical treatment is mandatory in a multidisciplinary setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Marte
- Department of General Surgery, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Naples, Italy; (A.T.); (F.S.); (E.M.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08118775110
| | - Andrea Tufo
- Department of General Surgery, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Naples, Italy; (A.T.); (F.S.); (E.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Francesca Steccanella
- Department of General Surgery, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Naples, Italy; (A.T.); (F.S.); (E.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Ester Marra
- Department of General Surgery, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Naples, Italy; (A.T.); (F.S.); (E.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Piera Federico
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Naples, Italy; (P.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Angelica Petrillo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Naples, Italy; (P.F.); (A.P.)
| | - Pietro Maida
- Department of General Surgery, Ospedale del Mare, 80147 Naples, Italy; (A.T.); (F.S.); (E.M.); (P.M.)
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18
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Kinoshita J, Yamaguchi T, Moriyama H, Fushida S. Current status of conversion surgery for stage IV gastric cancer. Surg Today 2021; 51:1736-1754. [PMID: 33486610 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-020-02222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Palliative chemotherapy with best supportive care is a mainstay for patients with gastric cancer (GC) and distant metastasis. However, with advances in GC chemotherapy, multimodal treatment, including perioperative chemotherapy plus conversion surgery, has attracted attention as a new strategy to improve the outcome of patients with stage IV disease. Conversion surgery is defined as surgical treatment aimed at R0 resection after a good response to induction chemotherapy for tumors originally considered unresectable or marginally resectable for technical and/or oncological reasons. Various biological characteristics differ, depending on each metastatic condition in stage IV GC. The main metastatic pathways of GC can be divided into three categories: lymphatic, hematogenous, and peritoneal. In each category, considerable historical data on conversion surgery have demonstrated the benefits of individualized approaches. However, owing to the diversity of these conditions, a common definition, including the choice of induction chemotherapy, optimal timing of resection, and eligibility for conversion surgery, has not been established among surgical oncologists. Thus, we explore the current and future treatment options by reviewing the literature on this controversial topic comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takahisa Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hideki Moriyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan
| | - Sachio Fushida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8641, Japan.
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19
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Nakamichi N, Tsujiura M, Matsui T, Yamamoto T, Yoshioka A, Hiramoto H, Ouchi Y, Ishimoto T, Kosuga T, Mochizuki S, Nakashima S, Bamba M, Masuyama M, Otsuji E. The therapeutic strategy for advanced gastric cancer with pyloric stenosis and liver metastasis; successfully treated by gastro-jejunal bypass and chemotherapy first, followed by curative R0 resection. Surg Case Rep 2021; 7:6. [PMID: 33409765 PMCID: PMC7788145 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-020-00979-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The indication of surgical resection for liver metastasis from gastric cancer (GC) is still limited and controversial because of its more aggressive oncological characteristics than liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. Pyloric stenosis causes an inadequate oral intake and malnutrition in GC patients. We herein report a case of GC with these two factors that was successfully treated by the combination of gastro-jejunal bypass and chemotherapy, followed by curative R0 resection. CASE PRESENTATION A 60-year-old man was diagnosed with type 2 GC with liver metastasis and pyloric stenosis, which was confirmed as the HER2-positive type. He underwent gastrojejunostomy and received capecitabine and cisplatin (XP) + trastuzumab chemotherapy. After three courses of the XP + trastuzumab regimen, shrinkage of the primary lesion and liver metastasis was confirmed and his nutritional parameters markedly improved with a stable oral intake after bypass surgery. He underwent curative R0 resection by distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and partial hepatectomy. Histologically, viable tumor cells were observed in less than one-third of the primary lesion, and only scar tissue without viable cancer cells was noted in the resected liver specimen. His postoperative course was uneventful, and recurrence has not been detected in the 30 months after surgery without adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSION The present case report describes a successful strategy for advanced GC with pyloric stenosis and liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naosuke Nakamichi
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, 2-4-1 Ohashi, Ritto, Shiga, 520-3046, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsujiura
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, 2-4-1 Ohashi, Ritto, Shiga, 520-3046, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Matsui
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, 2-4-1 Ohashi, Ritto, Shiga, 520-3046, Japan
| | - Taiga Yamamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ayana Yoshioka
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, 2-4-1 Ohashi, Ritto, Shiga, 520-3046, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Hiramoto
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, 2-4-1 Ohashi, Ritto, Shiga, 520-3046, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Ouchi
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, 2-4-1 Ohashi, Ritto, Shiga, 520-3046, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishimoto
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, 2-4-1 Ohashi, Ritto, Shiga, 520-3046, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, 2-4-1 Ohashi, Ritto, Shiga, 520-3046, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mochizuki
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, 2-4-1 Ohashi, Ritto, Shiga, 520-3046, Japan
| | - Susumu Nakashima
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, 2-4-1 Ohashi, Ritto, Shiga, 520-3046, Japan
| | - Masamichi Bamba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, 2-4-1 Ohashi, Ritto, Shiga, 520-3046, Japan
| | - Mamoru Masuyama
- Department of Surgery, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, 2-4-1 Ohashi, Ritto, Shiga, 520-3046, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachihirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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20
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Kawaguchi Y, De Bellis M, Panettieri E, Duwe G, Vauthey JN. Debate: Improvements in Systemic Therapies for Liver Metastases Will Increase the Role of Locoregional Treatments. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2021; 30:205-218. [PMID: 33220806 PMCID: PMC7709757 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The benefit of resection of liver metastases depends on primary diseases. Neuroendocrine tumors are associated with favorable prognosis after resection of liver metastases. Gastric cancer has worse tumor biology, and resection of gastric liver metastases should be performed in selected patients. A multidisciplinary approach is well established for colorectal liver metastases (CLMs). Resection remains the only curative treatment of CLM. Chemotherapy and molecular-targeted therapy have improved survival in unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer. Understanding of the following two strategies, conversion therapy and two-stage hepatectomy, are important to make this patient group to be candidates for curative-intent surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikuni Kawaguchi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mario De Bellis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elena Panettieri
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gregor Duwe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jean-Nicolas Vauthey
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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21
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Yamamoto M, Yoshida M, Furuse J, Sano K, Ohtsuka M, Yamashita S, Beppu T, Iwashita Y, Wada K, Nakajima TE, Sakamoto K, Hayano K, Mori Y, Asai K, Matsuyama R, Hirashita T, Hibi T, Sakai N, Tabata T, Kawakami H, Takeda H, Mizukami T, Ozaka M, Ueno M, Naito Y, Okano N, Ueno T, Hijioka S, Shikata S, Ukai T, Strasberg S, Sarr MG, Jagannath P, Hwang TL, Han HS, Yoon YS, Wang HJ, Luo SC, Adam R, Gimenez M, Scatton O, Oh DY, Takada T. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of liver metastases from extrahepatic primary cancers 2021. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2020; 28:1-25. [PMID: 33200538 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatectomy is standard treatment for colorectal liver metastases; however, it is unclear whether liver metastases from other primary cancers should be resected or not. The Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery therefore created clinical practice guidelines for the management of metastatic liver tumors. METHODS Eight primary diseases were selected based on the number of hepatectomies performed for each malignancy per year. Clinical questions were structured in the population, intervention, comparison, and outcomes (PICO) format. Systematic reviews were performed, and the strength of recommendations and the level of quality of evidence for each clinical question were discussed and determined. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess evidence and make recommendations. RESULTS The eight primary sites were grouped into five categories based on suggested indications for hepatectomy and consensus of the guidelines committee. Fourteen clinical questions were devised, covering five topics: (1) diagnosis, (2) operative treatment, (3) ablation therapy, (4) the eight primary diseases, and (5) systemic therapies. The grade of recommendation was strong for one clinical question and weak for the other 13 clinical questions. The quality of the evidence was moderate for two questions, low for 10, and very low for two. A flowchart was made to summarize the outcomes of the guidelines for the indications of hepatectomy and systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS These guidelines were developed to provide useful information based on evidence in the published literature for the clinical management of liver metastases, and they could be helpful for conducting future clinical trials to provide higher-quality evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Gastrointestinal Surgery, International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Junji Furuse
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Keiji Sano
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ohtsuka
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shingo Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Beppu
- Department of Surgery, Yamaga City Medical Center, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukio Iwashita
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Keita Wada
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Eguchi Nakajima
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,Kyoto Innovation Center for Next Generation Clinical Trials and iPS Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsunori Sakamoto
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Breast Surgery, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Koichi Hayano
- Department of Frontier Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Mori
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Asai
- Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryusei Matsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokoama, Japan
| | - Teijiro Hirashita
- Department of Gastroenterological and Pediatric Surgery, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Taizo Hibi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Transplantation, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nozomu Sakai
- Department of General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tabata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisato Kawakami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takuro Mizukami
- Department of Clinical Oncology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masato Ozaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ueno
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medical Oncology, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichi Naito
- Department of Breast and Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ueno
- Breast Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Hijioka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiko Ukai
- Division of Public Health, Osaka Institute of Public Health, Higashinari, Japan
| | - Steven Strasberg
- Section of HPB Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Tsann-Long Hwang
- Division of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Seong Han
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Seok Yoon
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Shao-Ciao Luo
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - René Adam
- AP HP Paul Brousse Hospital, University Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Mariano Gimenez
- Docencia Asistencia Investigación en Cirugía Invasiva Mínima Foundation, General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, University of Buenos Aires, Viamonte, Argentina.,Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Scatton
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne Université, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Do-Youn Oh
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tadahiro Takada
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Jagric T, Horvat M. Surgical resection of synchronous liver metastases in gastric cancer patients. A propensity score-matched study. Radiol Oncol 2020; 55:57-65. [PMID: 33885239 PMCID: PMC7877268 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2020-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to determine the value of synchronous liver resection in patients with oligo-metastatic gastric cancer and the prognostic factors in these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared the results of 21 gastric patients with liver metastases and synchronous liver resection (LMR) to 21 propensity score-matched patients with gastric cancer and liver metastases in whom liver resection was not performed (LM0) and to a propensity score-matched control group of 21 patients without liver metastases and stage III and IV resectable gastric cancer (CG). RESULTS The overall 5-year survival of LMR, LM0 and CG were 14.3%, 0%, and 19%, respectively (p = 0.002). Five-year survival was 47.5% for well-differentiated tumour compared to 0% in patients with moderate or poor tumour differentiation (p = 0.006). In addition, patients with R0 resection and TNM stage N0-1 had a significantly better survival compared to patients with TNM N stage N2-3 (5-year survival: 60% for N0-1 vs. 7.7% for N2-3; p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS The results presented in the study support synchronous liver resections in gastric patients and provide additional criteria for patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaz Jagric
- Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, MariborSlovenia
| | - Matjaz Horvat
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, MariborSlovenia
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23
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Yamaguchi H, Honda M, Hamada K, Kobayashi H, Todate Y, Seto I, Takayama K, Suzuki M, Wada H, Kikuchi Y, Murakami M. The effectiveness of proton beam therapy for liver metastatic recurrence in gastric cancer patients. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:903-908. [PMID: 32363379 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of proton beam therapy for liver metastatic recurrence in gastric cancer patients. METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent proton beam therapy from 2010 to 2015 were isolated from our institutional database. Patients with extrahepatic metastatic lesions were excluded. Seven patients were enrolled. The median diameter of target lesions was 31 mm (13-68 mm). The most frequent dosage was 72.6 Gy equivalent in 22 fractions. The effectiveness was assessed based on the local control, overall survival and progression-free survival rates. The local control, overall survival and progression-free survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Adverse events were described according to the patients' medical records. RESULTS The median follow-up period was 41.7 months (20.7-66.3 months). The 3-year local control, overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 85.7, 68.6 and 43%, respectively. All patients completed proton beam therapy without interruption. No grade ≥3 adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS Proton beam therapy might be a treatment option for patients with liver metastasis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Yamaguchi
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Radiology, Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center, Koriyama City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Michitaka Honda
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Koriyama City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Hamada
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Koriyama City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Koriyama City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yukitoshi Todate
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgical and Medical Oncology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima City, Fukushima, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Koriyama City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ichiro Seto
- Department of Radiology, Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center, Koriyama City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kanako Takayama
- Department of Radiology, Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center, Koriyama City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Motohisa Suzuki
- Department of Radiology, Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center, Koriyama City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Wada
- Department of Radiology, Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center, Koriyama City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kikuchi
- Department of Radiology, Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center, Koriyama City, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masao Murakami
- Department of Radiology, Southern Tohoku Proton Therapy Center, Koriyama City, Fukushima, Japan
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24
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Uggeri F, Ripamonti L, Pinotti E, Scotti MA, Famularo S, Garancini M, Gianotti L, Braga M, Romano F. Is there a role for treatment-oriented surgery in liver metastases from gastric cancer? World J Clin Oncol 2020; 11:477-494. [PMID: 32821653 PMCID: PMC7407929 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v11.i7.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distant metastases are found in approximately 35% of patients with gastric cancer at their first clinical observation, and of these, 4%-14% involves the liver. Unfortunately, only 0.4%-2.3% of patients with metastatic gastric cancer are eligible for radical surgery. Although surgical resection for gastric cancer metastases is still debated, there have been changes in recent years, although several clinical issues remain to be defined and that must be taken into account before surgery is proposed.
AIM To analyze the clinicopathological factors related to primary gastric tumor and metastases that impact the survival of patients with liver metastatic gastric cancer.
METHODS We performed a systematic review of the literature from 2000 to 2018 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. The study protocol was based on identifying studies with clearly defined purpose, eligibility criteria, methodological analysis, and patient outcome.
RESULTS We selected 47 studies pertaining to the purpose of the review, which involved a total of 2304 patients. Median survival was 7-52.3 mo, median disease-free survival was 4.7-18 mo. The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 33%-90.1%, 10%-60%, 6%-70.4%, and 0%-40.1%, respectively. Only five papers reported the 10-year OS, which was 5.5%–31.5%. The general recurrence rate was between 55.5% and 96%, and that for hepatic recurrence was between 15% and 94%.
CONCLUSION Serous infiltration and lymph node involvement of the primary cancer indicate an unfavorable prognosis, while the presence of single metastasis or ≤ 3 metastases associated with a size of < 5 cm may be considered data that do not contraindicate liver resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Uggeri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ripamonti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Enrico Pinotti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | | | - Simone Famularo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | | | - Luca Gianotti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Marco Braga
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Romano
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Surgery, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza 20900, Italy
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25
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Kawahara K, Makino H, Kametaka H, Hoshino I, Fukada T, Seike K, Kawasaki Y, Otsuka M. Outcomes of surgical resection for gastric cancer liver metastases: a retrospective analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:41. [PMID: 32093729 PMCID: PMC7038617 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-01816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The indications for the surgical treatment of gastric cancer liver metastases (GCLMs) remain controversial. In addition, the outcome of surgery for the treatment of liver metastases of alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer (AFP-GC) has not yet been reported. We assessed the clinicopathologic features, including AFP-GC, and the surgical results of these patients. Methods This retrospective study analyzed 20 patients who underwent hepatectomy for GCLM at Odawara Municipal Hospital between April 2006 and January 2016. Results The actuarial 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates after primary hepatectomy were 80.0%, 55.5%, and 31.7%, respectively, with a median OS of 42 months. Four patients survived for more than 5 years after their final hepatectomy procedures. A multivariate analysis showed multiple metastases in the liver, the elevated level of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and an age of less than 70 years to be independently associated with a poor prognosis in terms of OS. No significant differences were noted between the AFP-GC and AFP-negative GC groups. Conclusion Surgical treatment is therefore considered to be a feasible option for GCLM. The findings of the present study showed the number of metastatic liver tumors, the level of CA19-9, and the patient age to be prognostic indicators for the surgical treatment of GCLM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kawahara
- Department of Surgery, Odawara Municipal Hospital, 46 Kuno, Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Makino
- Department of Surgery, Odawara Municipal Hospital, 46 Kuno, Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kametaka
- Department of Surgery, Odawara Municipal Hospital, 46 Kuno, Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Isamu Hoshino
- Department of General Surgery, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2, Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan
| | - Tadaomi Fukada
- Department of Surgery, Odawara Municipal Hospital, 46 Kuno, Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Seike
- Department of Surgery, Odawara Municipal Hospital, 46 Kuno, Odawara City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Biostatistics Section, Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan
| | - Masayuki Otsuka
- Department f General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan
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26
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Zhang K, Chen L. Chinese consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer with liver metastases. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920904803. [PMID: 32127925 PMCID: PMC7036491 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920904803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of gastric cancer with liver metastases (GCLM) is 9.9-18.7%, with a median survival time of 11 months and a 5-year survival rate <20%. Multidisciplinary treatment (MDT) is gradually gaining recognition as the most important method. However, specific treatment plans remain unclear. The aim of study was to provide a consensus to improve the diagnosis and treatment of GCLM. Methods We brought together experts from relevant medical fields across China, including the Chinese Research Hospital Association Digestive Tumor Committee, Chinese Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, Chinese Gastric Cancer Association, and the Gastrointestinal Surgical Group of Chinese Surgical Society Affiliated to Chinese Medical Association, to discuss and formulate this consensus. Results A consensus was reached on the diagnosis and treatment of GCLM. Moreover, we have developed a new clinical classification system, the Chinese Type for Gastric Cancer Liver Metastases, based on the likelihood of a surgical treatment being successful. Conclusions The MDT mode should be implemented throughout all treatment of GCLM.A Chinese version of this expert consensus has been published in the Chinese Journal of Practical Surgery (Volume 39, Issue 10, p. 405-411). Written permission was obtained from the Chinese Journal of Practical Surgery to disseminate the expert consensus in English.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
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Omari J, Drewes R, Orthmer M, Hass P, Pech M, Powerski M. Treatment of metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma with image-guided high-dose rate, interstitial brachytherapy as second-line or salvage therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:360-367. [PMID: 31348004 DOI: 10.5152/dir.2019.18390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of image-guided high-dose rate interstitial brachytherapy (iBT) for the treatment of patients with hepatic, lymphatic, and pancreatic metastases originating from gastric cancer, an entity rarely surgically treatable with curative intent. METHODS Twelve patients with a cumulative number of 36 metastases (29 liver, 2 pancreatic, 5 lymph node) from histologically proven gastric adenocarcinoma received iBT between 2010 and 2016 and were retrospectively analyzed. Every patient underwent palliative chemotherapy prior to iBT. The iBT procedure employs a temporarily, intratumorally placed iridium-192 source in a single fraction with the goal of tumor cell eradication. Effectiveness was assessed clinically and by radiologic imaging every three months. RESULTS Local tumor control was achieved in 32 of all treated metastases (89%). Four lesions showed a local recurrence after 7 months. Lesion sizes varied from 9 to 102 mm with a median of 20 mm. The median progression-free survival was 6.6 months (range, 1.8-46.8 months). The median overall survival was 11.4 months (range, 5-47 months). One patient suffered a major complication following iBT, hepatic hematoma and abscess (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grade 3), successfully dealt with by transcutaneous drainage. CONCLUSION iBT is an overall safe procedure, which facilitates high rates of local tumor control in treatment of metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. Compared with surgical metastasectomy, similar overall survival rates could be achieved in our patient collective after iBT application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazan Omari
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University School of Medicine, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Drewes
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University School of Medicine, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Max Orthmer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University School of Medicine, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hass
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University School of Medicine, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maciej Pech
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University School of Medicine, Magdeburg, Germany;Department of Radiology, Gdansk University School of Medicine, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Powerski
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University School of Medicine, Magdeburg, Germany
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28
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Ito D, Kawaguchi Y, Yamashita H, Arita J, Akamatsu N, Kaneko J, Sakamoto Y, Kokudo N, Seto Y, Hasegawa K. Intestinal-type histology is associated with better prognosis in patients undergoing liver resection for gastric/esophagogastric-junction liver metastasis. Glob Health Med 2019; 1:101-109. [PMID: 33330763 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2019.01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The indication for resection of gastric/esophagogastric-junction liver metastasis (GELM) has yet to be established. This study aimed to investigate prognostic factors in patients undergoing GELM resection. From 2001 to 2015, 31 consecutive patients underwent resection for GELM; and factors for poor prognosis were evaluated. Of the 31 patients, 23 (74.2%) developed multiple liver metastases. The histology of gastric cancer was intestinal-type adenocarcinoma in 21 patients (67.7%). Median overall survival (OS) was 3.2 years. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates were 92.8%, 56.2%, and 42.2%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were 58.5%, 31.3%, and 31.3%, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that intestinal-type adenocarcinoma was associated with a significantly lower risk of OS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.26; p =0.022) and RFS (HR, 0.25; p = 0.008). In multiple logistic regression analysis, intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (odds ratio, 0.14; p = 0.012) reduced incidence of extra-hepatic recurrence after GELM resection. In conclusion, GELM resection in patients with intestinal-type histology is preferable because intestinal-type adenocarcinoma is associated with better prognosis and a lower incidence of extra-hepatic recurrence than diffuse/other-type adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ito
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Kawaguchi
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroharu Yamashita
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Arita
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Akamatsu
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junichi Kaneko
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sakamoto
- Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Kokudo
- Department of Surgery, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Seto
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Hasegawa
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Luo Z, Rong Z, Huang C. Surgery Strategies for Gastric Cancer With Liver Metastasis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1353. [PMID: 31921626 PMCID: PMC6915096 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer with liver metastasis is defined as advanced gastric cancer and remains one of the deadliest diseases with poor prognosis. Approximately 4–14% of patients with gastric cancers presented with liver metastases at the initial diagnosis. Owing to its incurability, first-line treatment for gastric cancer with liver metastases is systematic chemotherapy, whereas surgery is usually performed to alleviate severe gastrointestinal symptoms. However, continuously emerging retrospective studies confirmed the role of surgery in gastric cancer with liver metastases and showed significantly improved survival rate in patients assigned to a group of surgery with or without chemotherapy. Therefore, more and more convincing data that resulted from prospective randomized clinical trials is in need to clarify the surgery strategies in patients with gastric cancer with liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeyin Rong
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Salati M, Valeri N, Spallanzani A, Braconi C, Cascinu S. Oligometastatic gastric cancer: An emerging clinical entity with distinct therapeutic implications. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2019; 45:1479-1482. [PMID: 30448343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) remains responsible for a high burden worldwide being the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Most of patients present at an advanced stage at diagnosis and are thus candidates to standard chemotherapy resulting in median survival of less than 1 year. Oligometastatic gastric cancer is an increasingly recognized clinical entity characterized by limited metastatic spread that has been showing to benefit from aggressive multimodality strategies encompassing chemotherapy and surgery. The ongoing RENAISSANCE/AIO-FLOT5 (NCT02578368) phase III trial is aimed at evaluating if perioperative chemotherapy with FLOT in combination with surgical resection of the primary tumour and metastases could become the new standard of care for oligometastatic GC. In the meantime, in addition to currently available clinical parameters, the emerging predictive/prognostic role of biomarkers such mismatch repair deficiency/microsatellite instability high status needs to be specifically addressed also in this subgroup of GC to assist in patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Salati
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and Sutton, UK and Gastrointestinal Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London and Sutton, UK.
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and Sutton, UK and Gastrointestinal Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Andrea Spallanzani
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Braconi
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London and Sutton, UK and Gastrointestinal Unit, The Royal Marsden Hospital, London and Sutton, UK
| | - Stefano Cascinu
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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31
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Gavriilidis P, Roberts KJ, de'Angelis N, Sutcliffe RP. Gastrectomy Alone or in Combination With Hepatic Resection in the Management of Liver Metastases From Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review Using an Updated and Cumulative Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med Res 2019; 11:600-608. [PMID: 31413772 PMCID: PMC6681857 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have demonstrated that hepatectomy in patients with synchronous hepatic gastric metastases may improve survival in certain patients. This study aimed to evaluate survival benefits of gastrectomy plus hepatectomy versus gastrectomy alone in patients with hepatic gastric metastases. Methods Studies were identified by a systematic search of Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. Traditional and cumulative meta-analyses were used to monitor the evidence over time. Results Eleven studies which included 861 patients compared gastrectomy plus hepatic resection in 349 patients with gastrectomy alone in 512 patients. Overall significantly better survival rates of 1, 2, 3, and 5 years were demonstrated for patients who underwent gastrectomy plus hepatic resection compared to patients who under underwent gastrectomy alone ((hazard ratio (HR) = 0.52 (0.39, 0.69), P < 0.001), (HR = 0.85 (0.74, 0.97), P = 0.01), (HR = 0.80 (0.72, 0.90), P = 0.003), (HR = 0.83 (0.78, 0.90), P < 0.001), respectively). Conclusions Carefully selected patients with hepatic gastric metastases may benefit from hepatic resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paschalis Gavriilidis
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic and Oesophago-Gastric Surgery, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0HS, UK.,Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, B15 2TH, UK
| | - Keith J Roberts
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, B15 2TH, UK
| | - Nicola de'Angelis
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Creteil 94010, France
| | - Robert P Sutcliffe
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Liver Transplant Surgery, Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals Birmingham, NHS Foundation Trust, B15 2TH, UK
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32
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Li Q, Xu X, Su D, Zhou T, Wang G, Li Z. Long-term survival of an elderly patient with advanced gastric cancer after combination therapy: a case report and literature review. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:459. [PMID: 31096933 PMCID: PMC6524267 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer ranks the fifth most common cancer, and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Gastric cancer with liver metastasis (GCLM) has devastating prognosis, however, optimal treatment of GCLM, especially in elderly patients, has yet to be clarified. Case presentation A 75-year-old man was diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer (GC), presenting with acute gastrointestinal bleeding and synchronous metastatic lesion in liver. Based on multidisciplinary team (MDT)‘s decision, this patient underwent distal palliative gastrectomy with R1 margin. Histopathological diagnosis was stage IV gastric adenocarcinoma (pT3N2M1), HER2 negative. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and argon-helium cryoablation of liver and lung metastases.HER-2 gene amplification was identified in peripheral blood at later stage of therapy. The patient had been followed-up for 39 months, in sharp contrast to a median survival time of 13.8 months for majority of advanced GC. Conclusions Palliative distal gastrectomy in combination with chemotherapy and cryoablation significantly prolongs overall survival of an elderly patient with GCLM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5683-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xuejun Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Tianshuo Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China.
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33
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Li W, Jiang H, Yu Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Cui Y, Shen K, Shen Z, Fang Y, Liu T. Outcomes of gastrectomy following upfront chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer patients with a single noncurable factor: a cohort study. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2007-2013. [PMID: 30881125 PMCID: PMC6407509 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s192570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Chemotherapy is the standard care for patients with incurable advanced gastric cancer. Whether or when the addition of gastrectomy to chemotherapy improves survival of advanced gastric cancer patients with a single noncurable factor remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the superiority of gastrectomy following chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone regarding overall survival (OS) in these patients. Patients and methods Patients with advanced gastric cancer from January 2008 to December 2014 were retrieved from our prospectively acquired database and retrospectively analyzed. The patients with a single noncurable factor were grouped in terms of cancer treatment: chemotherapy alone or gastrectomy following chemotherapy. Results Four hundred and fourteen patients (333 chemotherapy alone and 81 gastrectomy following chemotherapy) were included in this study. Kaplan–Meier survival curve showed a significant difference on median OS between chemotherapy-alone group and the gastrectomy plus chemotherapy group (10.9 vs 15.9 months, P<0.01). After propensity score analysis (n=126), chemotherapy plus surgery (81 patients) also showed survival benefit over chemotherapy alone (35 patients) (15.9 vs 10.0 months, P<0.01). Furthermore, stratified analyses indicated that patients with liver metastasis, <65 years of age, male, having normal level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA199) upon diagnosis, or having nongastro-esophageal junction tumor benefited from surgery. Conclusion This study suggests that gastrectomy after chemotherapy could lead to survival benefit over chemotherapy alone in advanced gastric cancer patients with a single nonresectable factor if the disease was controllable by chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Huiqin Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Yiyi Yu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Yuehong Cui
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Kuntang Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenbin Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, .,Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
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Wang C, Luo X, Dong SL, Leng C, Zhang BX, Zhang BH. Small hepatocellular carcinoma suppressed by chemotherapy for synchronous gastric carcinoma after laparoscopy-assisted radical distal gastrectomy: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13190. [PMID: 30557968 PMCID: PMC6319982 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Synchronous gastric carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare. It is hard to distinguish synchronous HCC from metastatic liver cancer in this condition. The treatment and prognosis is quite different for synchronous HCC of gastric carcinoma and liver metastasis of gastric carcinoma. PATIENT CONCERNS A 68-year-old man with a chief complaint of epigastric pain for 1 year, accompanied by reflux and belching. The patient was diagnosed with gastric carcinoma (cT4NxM0) and laparoscopy-assisted radical distal gastrectomy was performed. This was followed by chemotherapy of FOLFOX regimen. However, a liver nodule growth was observed after postoperative systemic treatment. DIAGNOSIS The initial diagnosis was liver metastasis of gastric carcinoma. However after hepatectomy of segment VI and VII as well as thrombectomy of right hepatic vein, histology revealed intermediate to poor differentiated HCC. Hence this case was diagnosed as synchronous gastric carcinoma and HCC. INTERVENTIONS A preventive transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) was conducted at 4 weeks after hepatectomy. Another FOLFOX regimen was suggested, but was refused by the patient. OUTCOMES The patient survived without tumor recurrence for 9 months after the second surgery. LESSONS Synchronous HCC should be routinely distinguished from gastric carcinoma liver metastasis, especially for patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The FOLFOX4 regimen for treating gastric carcinoma liver metastasis may have inhibited the progression of primary HCC in this case. This patient with HCC benefited from liver resection, inspite of hepatic vein tumor thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College
- Division of General Surgery, Sino-French Branch of Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College
- Division of General Surgery, Sino-French Branch of Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shui-Lin Dong
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College
- Division of General Surgery, Sino-French Branch of Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Leng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College
- Division of General Surgery, Sino-French Branch of Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bi-Xiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College
- Division of General Surgery, Sino-French Branch of Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin-Hao Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College
- Division of General Surgery, Sino-French Branch of Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zurleni T, Gjoni E, Altomare M, Rausei S. Conversion surgery for gastric cancer patients: A review. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2018; 10:398-409. [PMID: 30487951 PMCID: PMC6247102 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v10.i11.398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cancer-related cause of death worldwide. In locally advanced tumors, neoadjuvant chemotherapy has recently been introduced in most international Western guidelines. For metastatic and unresectable disease, there is still debate regarding correct management and the role of surgery. The standard approach for stage IV GC is palliative chemotherapy. Over the last decade, an increasing number of M1 patients who responded to palliative regimens of induction chemotherapy have been subsequently undergone surgery with curative intent. The objective of the present review is to analyze the literature regarding this approach, known as “conversion surgery”, which has become one of the most commonly adopted therapeutic options. It is defined as a treatment aiming at an R0 resection after chemotherapy in initially unresectable tumors. The 13 retrospective studies analyzed, with a total of 411 patients treated with conversion therapy, clearly show that even if standardization of unresectable and metastatic criteria, post-chemotherapy resectability evaluation and timing of surgery has not yet been established, an R0 surgery after induction chemotherapy with partial or complete response seems to offer superior survival results than chemotherapy alone. Additional larger sample-size randomized control trials are needed to identify subgroups of well-stratified patients who could benefit from this multimodal approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Zurleni
- Department of Surgery, ASST Valle Olona, Busto Arsizio 21052, Italy
| | - Elson Gjoni
- Department of Surgery, ASST Valle Olona, Busto Arsizio 21052, Italy
| | - Michele Altomare
- Department of Surgery, ASST Valle Olona, Busto Arsizio 21052, Italy
| | - Stefano Rausei
- Department of Surgery, ASST Valle Olona, Gallarate. 21013, Italy
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36
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Kwon J, Han HS, Kim HK, Baek SW, Yang Y, Lee KH, Son SM, Kim WD, Kim DH, Yun HY. Long-term Survival after Repeated Local Therapy and Salvage Chemotherapy for Recurrent Metastases from Gastric Cancer: a Case Report and Literature Review. J Gastric Cancer 2018; 18:305-312. [PMID: 30276007 PMCID: PMC6160522 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2018.18.e26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rare case of long-term survival in a patient who received local therapy and salvage chemotherapy for recurrent metastases, along with a literature review. A 65-year-old male patient underwent subtotal gastrectomy for advanced gastric adenocarcinoma. Six months after gastrectomy, 2 metastatic intra-abdominal lymph node enlargements were detected, which were treated with radiotherapy. At 55 months after gastrectomy, an abdominal wall mass was detected, which was treated by surgical resection. The patient received 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin/irinotecan chemotherapy for 27 months before and after radiotherapy and docetaxel chemotherapy for 6 months after surgical resection of the abdominal wall metastasis. At the last visit, 7.8 years since the initial resection of the primary gastric cancer and 6.2 years since detection of the first metastases, the patient was disease-free and required no further chemotherapy. This case suggests that repeated local therapy offers potential for long-term survival in a carefully selected subset of patients with recurrent metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hye Sook Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yaewon Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ki Hyeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seung-Myoung Son
- Department of Pathology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Won-Dong Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dae Hoon Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyo Yung Yun
- Department of Surgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea.,Department of Surgery, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
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37
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Xiao Y, Zhang B, Wu Y. Prognostic analysis and liver metastases relevant factors after gastric and hepatic surgical treatment in gastric cancer patients with metachronous liver metastases: a population-based study. Ir J Med Sci 2018; 188:415-424. [PMID: 30062399 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-018-1864-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis for patients with liver metastases from gastric cancer is very poor. Nevertheless, standard therapeutic strategies have not been established yet. The impact of hepatic surgical treatment on survival of patients with metachronous liver metastases from gastric cancer still remains controversial. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis on records of 436 patients who received radical gastrectomy (with D2 lymphadenectomy, regardless of hepatic surgical treatment) for gastric cancer with metachronous (≥ 3 months after gastrectomy) liver metastases in our center between 2001 and 2016. All patients were followed until 2017/10/31 or withdrawn from the follow-up because of death. RESULTS The median interval for non-hepatic metastases of the 436 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy is 14 months. T (P = 0.041), N (P = 0.023) and lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.001) were independent predictors affecting liver metastases-free interval. The overall survival rates for the 436 patients were 44.5, 29.7, 16.3, and 16.3% at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years respectively since treatment of hepatic metastases, with a median survival time of 11 months. N (P = 0.025), extent of liver metastases (H) (H2 vs. H1, P = 0.036; H3 vs. H1, P < 0.001), and treatment of liver metastatic lesions (P < 0.001) were significant independent prognostic factors for survival after presence of liver metastases. Among H1 and H2 patients, median survival in hepatic surgical treatment group was significantly longer than that in systemic chemotherapy alone group (25 vs. 11 months, P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Liver examinations should be performed during the first 2 years after gastric surgery and continued for 5 years for high-risk patients. Active therapeutic strategies may prolong patients' survival compared with supportive treatment alone. Patients with H1, H2 metachronous liver metastases may be considered appropriate candidates for hepatic surgical treatment before embarking on systemic chemotherapy alone. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN Registry (Retrospectively registered; Reference number: 35067; Date: 02/04/2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Xiao
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yulian Wu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
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Picado O, Dygert L, Macedo FI, Franceschi D, Sleeman D, Livingstone AS, Merchant N, Yakoub D. The Role of Surgical Resection for Stage IV Gastric Cancer With Synchronous Hepatic Metastasis. J Surg Res 2018; 232:422-429. [PMID: 30463751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2018.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With improved responses to chemotherapy and targeted treatments, the role of surgery in metastatic gastric cancer (MGC) to the liver needs to be revisited. We sought to examine whether surgical resection is associated with improvement of long-term survival. METHODS The National Cancer Database was queried for MGC to the liver (2010-2014). Survival analysis was performed to compare the effect of gastrectomy and perioperative chemotherapy (G-CT) to palliative chemotherapy (PCT) alone. RESULTS We identified 3175 patients with MGC to the liver. Most patients (94%, n = 2979) were treated with PCT, whereas 6% (n = 196 patients) underwent G-CT. Overall survival improved in patients treated with G-CT compared to PCT alone (16 versus 9.7 mo, P < 0.001). In patients undergoing G-CT, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with increased overall survival compared to adjuvant chemotherapy (18.9 versus 14.8 mo, P = 0.011). Hazards of death significantly decreased with gastrectomy (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44-0.63, P < 0.001). Negative prognostic factors included advanced age (HR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06-1.14, P < 0.001), treatment at nonacademic institution (HR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.13-1.33, P < 0.001), and poorly differentiated grade (HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.17-2.03, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS G-CT is associated with improved survival in patients with gastric cancer and synchronous liver metastasis. Further experience with well-designed prospective trials may be warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Picado
- Division of Surgical Oncology, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Levi Dygert
- Division of Surgical Oncology, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Francisco Igor Macedo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Dido Franceschi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Danny Sleeman
- Division of Surgical Oncology, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Alan S Livingstone
- Division of Surgical Oncology, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Nipun Merchant
- Division of Surgical Oncology, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida
| | - Danny Yakoub
- Division of Surgical Oncology, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida.
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Ministrini S, Solaini L, Cipollari C, Sofia S, Marino E, D'Ignazio A, Bencivenga M, Tiberio GAM. Surgical treatment of hepatic metastases from gastric cancer. Updates Surg 2018; 70:273-278. [PMID: 29845462 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-018-0536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the clinical factors influencing the prognosis of patients submitted to hepatectomy for metastases from gastric cancer and their clinical role. We conducted a retrospective multicentre review. We evaluated how survival from surgery was influenced by patient-related, tumour-related and treatment-related prognostic factors. We analysed data on 144 patients submitted to hepatectomy for metastases from gastric cancer, in the synchronous and metachronous setting. In 117 cases, an R0 resection was achieved, while in 27 an R + hepatic resection was performed. Chemotherapy was administered to 55 patients. Surgical mortality was 2.1% and morbidity 21.5%. One-, 3-, and 5-year OS rates after surgery were 49.9, 19.4 and 11.6%, respectively, with a median OS of 12.0 months. T4 gastric cancer, H3 hepatic involvement, non-curative resection, recurrence after surgery, and abstention from chemotherapy were associated with a worse prognosis. Factor T and H displayed a clear (p < 0.001) cumulative effect. Our data show that R0 resection must be pursued whenever possible. The treatment of T4 gastric cancer with hepatic bilateral and diffuse metastasis (H3) should be considered carefully or it should be probably avoided. Finally, a multimodal treatment associating surgery and chemotherapy offers the best survival results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ministrini
- General Surgery, University of Brescia, piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | | | | | - Silvia Sofia
- General Surgery, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Guido A M Tiberio
- General Surgery, University of Brescia, piazzale Spedali Civili, 1, 25123, Brescia, Italy
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Montagnani F, Crivelli F, Aprile G, Vivaldi C, Pecora I, De Vivo R, Clerico MA, Fornaro L. Long-term survival after liver metastasectomy in gastric cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic factors. Cancer Treat Rev 2018; 69:11-20. [PMID: 29860024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the amelioration of systemic therapy, overall survival (OS) of metastatic gastric cancer (GC) patients remains poor. Liver is a common metastatic site and retrospective series suggest a potential OS benefit from hepatectomy, with interesting 5-year (5 y) and 10-year (10 y) OS rates in selected patients. We aim to evaluate the impact of liver resection and related prognostic factors on long-term outcome in this setting. METHODS We searched Pubmed, EMBASE, and Abstracts/posters from international meetings since 1990. Data were extracted from publish papers. Random effects models meta-analyses and meta-regression models were built to assess 5yOS and the impact of different prognostic factor. Heterogeneity was assessed using between study variance, I2 and Cochran's Q. Funnel plot were used to assess small study bias. RESULTS Thirty-three observational studies (for a total of 1304 patients) were included. Our analysis demonstrates a 5yOS rate of 22% (95%CI: 18-26%) and 10yOS rate of 11% (95%CI: 7-18%) among patients undergoing radical hepatectomy. A favorable effect on OS was shown by several factors linked to primary cancer (lower T and N stage, no lympho-vascular or serosal invasion) and burden of hepatic disease (≤3 metastases, unilobar involvement, greatest lesion < 5 cm, negative resection margins). Moreover, lower CEA and CA19.9 levels and post-resection chemotherapy were associated with improved OS. CONCLUSIONS Surgical resection of liver metastases from GC seems associated with a significant chance of 5yOS and 10yOS and compares favourably with results of medical treatment alone. Prospective evaluation of this approach and validation of adequate selection criteria are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Montagnani
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Sanitaria locale di Biella, Ponderano (BI), Italy.
| | | | - Giuseppe Aprile
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale San Bortolo, Azienda ULSS8 Berica - Distretto Est, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Caterina Vivaldi
- Unit of Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Irene Pecora
- Unit of Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rocco De Vivo
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale San Bortolo, Azienda ULSS8 Berica - Distretto Est, Vicenza, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Fornaro
- Unit of Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
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Role of hepatectomy in gastric cancer with multiple liver-limited metastases. Gastric Cancer 2018; 21:338-344. [PMID: 28577228 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-017-0730-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have demonstrated the benefit of hepatectomy for treating gastric cancer (GC) with liver-limited metastases (LLM). The survival benefit of hepatectomy compared with that of systemic chemotherapy is unknown, particularly in patients with multiple LLM. This study investigated the survival benefit of hepatectomy compared with that of systemic chemotherapy administered to patients with GC with multiple LLM. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the data of consecutive patients with GC with two or three LLM who underwent hepatectomy or received systemic chemotherapy as initial treatment at the Shizuoka Cancer Center between December 2004 and December 2015. RESULTS Nine of 24 patients who met the inclusion criteria underwent hepatectomy, and 15 received chemotherapy. In the hepatectomy group, all patients achieved R0 resection and none died during hospitalization. Three patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Disease recurred in eight patients (88.9%). In the chemotherapy group, three patients underwent hepatectomy following initial chemotherapy and did not experience recurrence or death during follow-up. Median follow-up was 47.9 months and median overall survival (OS) was 38.1 and 24.8 months in the chemotherapy and hepatectomy groups, respectively. Multivariate analysis of OS, including initial treatment, revealed that unilobar liver metastasis was the only independent favorable prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS Although hepatectomy for patients with GC with multiple LLM is not recommended as the initial therapy, it prolonged the survival of patients with tumors controlled using systemic chemotherapy.
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Ryu T, Takami Y, Wada Y, Tateishi M, Matsushima H, Yoshitomi M, Saitsu H. Oncological outcomes after hepatic resection and/or surgical microwave ablation for liver metastasis from gastric cancer. Asian J Surg 2017; 42:100-105. [PMID: 29254868 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indications and efficacy of surgical treatment for liver metastases from gastric cancer (LMGCs) remain controversial. This retrospective study was designed to clarify the benefits of surgical treatment and identify prognostic factors. METHODS Between December 1997 and December 2015, 34 consecutive patients underwent hepatic resection and surgical microwave ablation for synchronous or metachronous LMGCs at our institution. We analyzed their cumulative overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates and clinical parameters to identify predictors of prognosis. RESULTS Of the 34 patients, 14 underwent hepatic resection, 13 underwent surgical microwave ablation, and 7 underwent hepatic resection combined with surgical microwave ablation. Their OS rates were 1-year: 84.4%, 3-year: 38.6%, and 5-year: 34.7%; and their RFS rates were 1-year: 38.5%, 3-year: 28.0%, and 5-year: 28.0%. OS did not significantly vary among the surgical procedures. In multivariable analysis, positive of both CEA and CA19-9 were independent predictors of poor survival (hazard ratio [HR] 4.51; P = 0.049) and early recurrence (HR 5.70; P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Both hepatic resection and surgical microwave ablation for LMGCs are effective and can improve survival in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Ryu
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yuko Takami
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Wada
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Tateishi
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsushima
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Munehiro Yoshitomi
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideki Saitsu
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
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Minimally invasive surgery as a treatment option for gastric cancer with liver metastasis: a comparison with open surgery. Surg Endosc 2017; 32:1422-1433. [PMID: 29075971 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-017-5826-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As minimally invasive techniques advances, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has emerged as an alternative modality for advanced gastric cancer. In this study, we compared the short- and long-term surgical outcomes of MIS and conventional open surgery for gastric cancer liver metastasis (GCLM) in terms of safety, feasibility, and efficacy. METHODS This retrospective study used data from a prospective database at the Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital. From January 2006 to June 2016, 53 gastric cancer patients with synchronous liver metastasis accepted radical gastrectomy combined with either or both hepatectomy and radiofrequency ablation for liver metastases. The 53 patients enrolled in the study were divided into two groups: a conventional open surgery group (n = 42) and an MIS group (n = 11). Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to overcome possible bias. RESULTS With PSM performed at a 1:3 ratio, 11 patients who received MIS were compared with 33 open surgery cases. Mean operation time was significantly longer for the MIS group compared with the open surgery group (301 vs. 236 min, P = 0.032), while the open surgery group had a larger estimated blood loss than the MIS group (421 vs. 196 ml, P = 0.019). Time to first flatus and postoperative complications, including Clavien-Dindo classification, were similar in the two groups. However, patients undergoing MIS had a significantly shorter time to first sips of water (P = 0.020) and soft diet (P = 0.020) compared with open surgery counterparts. Long-term outcomes were comparable between groups (P = 0.090) after adjustment by PSM analysis. CONCLUSIONS MIS achieved superior short-term outcomes and comparable long-term outcomes compared with open surgery in GCLM patients. For experienced surgeons, both laparoscopic and robotic methods of MIS are reasonable approaches for the management of highly selected GCLM patients.
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Intensified neoadjuvant multimodal approach in synchronous liver metastases from gastric cancer: a single institutional experience. Clin Transl Oncol 2017; 20:658-665. [PMID: 29043568 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-017-1767-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synchronous liver metastases (LM) from gastric (GC) or esophagogastric junction (EGJ) adenocarcinoma are a rare events. Several trials have evaluated the role of liver surgery in this setting, but the impact of preoperative therapy remains undetermined. METHODS Patients with synchronous LM from GC/EGJ adenocarcinoma who achieved disease control after induction chemotherapy (ICT) and were subsequently scheduled to chemoradiotherapy (CRT) to the primary tumor and surgery assessment were retrospectively analyzed. Pathological response, patterns of relapse, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were calculated. From July 2002 to September 2012, 16 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were identified. RESULTS Primary tumor site was GC (nine patients) or EGJ (seven patients). LM were considered technically unresectable in nine patients. Radiological response to the whole neoadjuvant program was achieved in 13 patients. Eight patients underwent surgical resection of the primary tumor; in five of these LM were resected. A complete pathological response in the primary or in the LM was found in four and three patients, respectively. The most frequent site of relapse/progression was systemic (eight patients). Local and liver-only relapses were observed in two patients each. After a median follow-up of 91 months, the median OS and PFS were 23.0 (95% CI 13.2-32.8) and 17.0 months (95% CI 11.7-22.3). 5-year actuarial PFS is 17.6%. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that an intensified approach using ICT followed by CRT in synchronous LM from GC/EGJ adenocarcinoma is feasible and may translate into prolonged survival times in selected patients.
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Kataoka K, Kinoshita T, Moehler M, Mauer M, Shitara K, Wagner AD, Schrauwen S, Yoshikawa T, Roviello F, Tokunaga M, Boku N, Ducreux M, Terashima M, Lordick F. Current management of liver metastases from gastric cancer: what is common practice? New challenge of EORTC and JCOG. Gastric Cancer 2017; 20:904-912. [PMID: 28150070 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-017-0696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of multidisciplinary treatment including surgery for liver metastases from gastric cancer (LMGC) is controversial. Studies to answer this clinical question are increasing in number, but all published data thus far are based on retrospective analyses with limited sample sizes. Thus, the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Group (GITCG) and the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) Stomach Cancer Study Group (SCSG) initiated a collaboration to develop an optimal treatment strategy for LMGC. Before planning a prospective study, a questionnaire was sent out to the network members of both groups in June 2016 to clarify current common practice in each region. Sixty-seven sites from 17 countries in the EORTC network and 55 sites from Japan responded. According to the survey, for patients with resectable LMGC without extrahepatic metastases, preoperative chemotherapy followed by resection of both primary (if still in place) and liver lesions was the preferred option for both the synchronous and the metachronous setting. For patients with unresectable LMGC, most of the sites recommended chemotherapy only. In this article, the detailed results of this survey are reported, shedding light on current community practice, and a joint EORTC-JCOG strategy of investigation is delineated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Kataoka
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Avenue E, Mounier 83/11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Takahiro Kinoshita
- Department of Gastric Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Markus Moehler
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Murielle Mauer
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Avenue E, Mounier 83/11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kohei Shitara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Stefanie Schrauwen
- European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Headquarters, Avenue E, Mounier 83/11, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Franco Roviello
- General Surgery and Surgical Oncology Department, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Masanori Tokunaga
- Division of Gastric Surgery, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Narikazu Boku
- Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michel Ducreux
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Florian Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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Tsunematsu M, Takahashi N, Murakami K, Misawa T, Akiba T, Yanaga K. Successful conversion surgery for gastric cancer with multiple liver metastases treated after S-1 plus cisplatin combination chemotherapy: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2017; 3:95. [PMID: 28853036 PMCID: PMC5574835 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-017-0372-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer with multiple liver metastases have poor prognosis. Recently, stage IV gastric cancer patients who respond well to systemic chemotherapy can be treated by gastrectomy. We herein report a case of advanced gastric cancer with liver metastases who was successfully downstaged by systemic chemotherapy and underwent conversion surgery. CASE PRESENTATION A 60-year-old male patient was diagnosed with gastric cancer with multiple liver metastases [cT3N3M1, stage IV]. After 18 courses of S-1 plus cisplatin combination chemotherapy (S-1 administered orally (80 mg/m2/day) twice a day for 21 consecutive days and cisplatin (60 mg/m2) infused on day 8), marked regression of liver metastasis was achieved, and we performed open total gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. The patient was discharged from the hospital 10 days after the operation. Histopathological examination revealed no malignant cells in the lymph nodes [ypT1bN0M0, stage IA]. S-1 as the adjuvant chemotherapy was administered for 12 months, and the patient is alive without a recurrence for 33 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS Conversion surgery may improve the poor prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tsunematsu
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba Prefecture 277-8567 Japan
| | - Naoto Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba Prefecture 277-8567 Japan
| | - Keishiro Murakami
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba Prefecture 277-8567 Japan
| | - Takeyuki Misawa
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba Prefecture 277-8567 Japan
| | - Tadashi Akiba
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, 163-1 Kashiwa-shita, Kashiwa, Chiba Prefecture 277-8567 Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Yanaga
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-19-18 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8471 Japan
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Li SC, Lee CH, Hung CL, Wu JC, Chen JH. Surgical resection of metachronous hepatic metastases from gastric cancer improves long-term survival: A population-based study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182255. [PMID: 28759654 PMCID: PMC5536265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatic metastases are diagnosed synchronously in 3–14% of patients with gastric cancer, and metachronously in up to 37% of patients following ‘‘curative” gastrectomy. Most patients who have gastric cancer and hepatic metastasis are traditionally treated with palliative chemotherapy. The impact of liver resection is still controversial. We attempted to assess whether liver resection can improve survival in cases of metachronous hepatic metastases from gastric cancer through a nationwide database. Materials and methods We conducted a nationwide cohort study using a claims dataset from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). We identified all patients with gastric cancer (diagnostic code ICD-9: 151.x) from the Registry for Catastrophic Illness Patient Database (RCIPD) of the NHIRD who received gastrectomy and as well as those with metachronous (≥180 days after gastrectomy) liver metastases (ICD-9 code: 197.7) between 1996/01/01 and 2012/12/31. Patients with other malignancies, with metastasis in the initial admission for gastrectomy and with other metastases were excluded. They were divided into two groups, liver resection group and non-resection group. All patients were followed till 2013/12/31 or withdrawn from the database because of death. Results 653 patients who fullfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the research. They were divided into liver resection group (34 patients) and non-resection group (619 patients). There were no differences between the two groups in gender, Charlson Comorbidity index and major coexisting disease. Kaplan-Meier analysis demostrated the liver resection group had significantly better overall survival than the non-resection group. (1YOS: 73.5% vs. 19.7%, 3YOS: 36.9% vs. 6.6%, 5YOS: 24.5.3% vs. 4.4%, p <0.001). After COX analysis, the liver resection group showed statistical significance for improved patient survival (HR = 0.377, 95%CI: 0.255–0.556. p<0.001). Conclusion Liver resection in patients presenting with metachronous hepatic metastases as the sole metastases after curative resection of gastric cancer is associated with a significant survival improvement and should be considered a treatment option for such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Chin Li
- Department of Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hung Lee
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lin Hung
- Department of Oncology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Chia Wu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Han Chen
- Department of General Surgery, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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48
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Yan H, Liu J, Ming X, Zhou X, Jin H, Li X, Zheng M. Metastatic gastric carcinoma to the breast: A case report and review of the Chinese literature. Mol Clin Oncol 2017; 7:221-224. [PMID: 28781789 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2017.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast metastasis is extremely unusual in gastric cancer patients worldwide. We herein report the case of a 39-year-old female Chinese patient presenting with symptoms of inflammation in the left breast. A biopsy did not reveal any evidence of malignancy. A modified radical mastectomy was performed and the postoperative pathological examination revealed infiltration by signet ring cell gastric carcinoma. A review of the Chinese literature was performed, and a total of 16 patients with breast metastasis from gastric carcinoma have been reported from 1990 onwards. This condition is associated with a poor prognosis, with a survival time of 1 month to 4 years. More studies are required to determine the optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Yan
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Xu Ming
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhou
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Miao Zheng
- Department of Breast-Thyroid-Vascular Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
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Influence of Surgical Resection of Hepatic Metastases From Gastric Adenocarcinoma on Long-term Survival: Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis. Ann Surg 2017; 263:1092-101. [PMID: 26797324 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000001542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this systematic review and pooled analysis were to examine long-term survival, morbidity, and mortality following surgical resection of gastric cancer hepatic metastases and to identify prognostic factors that improve survival. BACKGROUND Patients with hepatic metastases from gastric cancer are traditionally treated with palliative chemotherapy. METHODS A systematic literature search was undertaken (1990 to 2015). Publications were included if they studied more than 10 patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatic metastasis from gastric adenocarcinoma in the absence of peritoneal disease or other distant organ involvement. The primary outcome was the hazard ratio (HR) for overall survival. The influence of liver metastasis related factors; multiple vs single and metachronous vs synchronous upon survival was also assessed. RESULTS The median number of resections for the 39 studies included was 21 (range 10 to 64). Procedures were associated with a median 30-day morbidity of 24% (0% to 47%) and mortality of 0% (0% to 30%). The median 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival were 68%, 31%, and 27%, respectively. Survival was improved in Far Eastern compared with Western studies; 1-year (73% vs 59%), 3-year (34% vs 24.5%), and 5-year (27.3% vs 16.5%). Surgical resection of hepatic metastases was associated with a significantly improved overall survival (HR = 0.50; P < 0.001). Meta-analysis confirmed the additional survival benefit of solitary compared with multiple hepatic metastases (odds ratio = 0.31; P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS The observed improved survival rates following the resection of hepatic metastasis from gastric adenocarcinoma in selected patients merit a prospective study to formally address the survival benefits and the influence on quality of life of such approach.
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Ikari N, Taniguchi K, Serizawa A, Yamada T, Yamamoto M, Furukawa T. A primary tumor of mixed histological type is a novel poor prognostic factor for patients undergoing resection of liver metastasis from gastric cancer. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2017; 24:281-288. [PMID: 28273395 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgical resection can be an option for the treatment of metastatic liver tumors originating from gastric cancer; however, its prognostic impact is controversial. The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors in patients with surgical resection of liver metastasis from gastric cancer. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological features of 38 consecutive patients undergoing hepatectomy for metastatic tumors from gastric cancer in our institution between 1990 and 2014. RESULTS The median overall survival of the patients was 28 months. The 5-year survival rate was 33.9%. Primary tumors of a mixed histological type, and residual tumors during the course of treatment were identified as significant independent poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS Histological evaluation of primary tumors may aid to identify patients suitable for undergoing surgical resection of liver metastasis from gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Ikari
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Taniguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Serizawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Furukawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
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