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Gao X, Li Z, Chai J, Li S, Pan X, Liu J, Li L, Qin S, Kang Y, Zhu Y. Electroencephalographic insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of emergence delirium in children and corresponding clinical treatment strategies. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1349105. [PMID: 38962301 PMCID: PMC11219819 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1349105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Emergence delirium is a common postoperative complication in patients undergoing general anesthesia, especially in children. In severe cases, it can cause unnecessary self-harm, affect postoperative recovery, lead to parental dissatisfaction, and increase medical costs. With the widespread use of inhalation anesthetic drugs (such as sevoflurane and desflurane), the incidence of emergence delirium in children is gradually increasing; however, its pathogenesis in children is complex and unclear. Several studies have shown that age, pain, and anesthetic drugs are strongly associated with the occurrence of emergence delirium. Alterations in central neurophysiology are essential intermediate processes in the development of emergence delirium. Compared to adults, the pediatric nervous system is not fully developed; therefore, the pediatric electroencephalogram may vary slightly by age. Moreover, pain and anesthetic drugs can cause changes in the excitability of the central nervous system, resulting in electroencephalographic changes. In this paper, we review the pathogenesis of and prevention strategies for emergence delirium in children from the perspective of brain electrophysiology-especially for commonly used pharmacological treatments-to provide the basis for understanding the development of emergence delirium as well as its prevention and treatment, and to suggest future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Chai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Si Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuanyuan Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Linxing Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shangyuan Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Yihan Kang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Youzhuang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Chen P, Wang W, Ban W, Zhang K, Dai Y, Yang Z, You Y. Deciphering Post-Stroke Sleep Disorders: Unveiling Neurological Mechanisms in the Realm of Brain Science. Brain Sci 2024; 14:307. [PMID: 38671959 PMCID: PMC11047862 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders are the most widespread mental disorders after stroke and hurt survivors' functional prognosis, response to restoration, and quality of life. This review will address an overview of the progress of research on the biological mechanisms associated with stroke-complicating sleep disorders. Extensive research has investigated the negative impact of stroke on sleep. However, a bidirectional association between sleep disorders and stroke exists; while stroke elevates the risk of sleep disorders, these disorders also independently contribute as a risk factor for stroke. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms of stroke-induced sleep disorders. Possible influences were examined, including functional changes in brain regions, cerebrovascular hemodynamics, neurological deficits, sleep ion regulation, neurotransmitters, and inflammation. The results provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of stroke complicating sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinqiu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (P.C.)
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (P.C.)
| | - Weikang Ban
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kecan Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanan Dai
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuyang You
- School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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A Combination of Rosa Multiflora and Zizyphus Jujuba Enhance Sleep Quality in Anesthesia-Induced Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214177. [PMID: 36430653 PMCID: PMC9696267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is an essential component of quality of life. The majority of people experience sleep problems that impact their quality of life. Melatonin is currently a representative sleep aid. However, it is classified as a prescription drug in most countries, and consumers cannot purchase it to improve their sleep. This sleep induction experiment in mice aimed to identify a natural combination product (NCP) that can create synergistic sleep-promoting effects. Based on the mechanism of action of sleep, we investigated whether phenomenological indicators of sleep quality change according to the intake of NCP. The sleep onset and sleep time of the mice that consumed the NCP found by this study were improved compared to the existing sleep aids. The mean melatonin level in the blood increased by 197% compared to the control. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that Rosa multiflora Thunb. (Yeongsil) can promote sleep similarly to Zizyphus jujuba Miller (Sanjoin). The results indicate a preclinical study of NCPs containing Rosa multiflora Thunb and Zizyphus jujuba Miller developed by us showed significant differences in sleep incubation and duration depending on melatonin concentrations. Our results also suggest that increased melatonin concentrations in the blood are likely to improve sleep quality, especially regarding incubation periods.
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Han G, Matsumoto S, Diaz J, Greene RW, Vogt KE. Dihydropyridine calcium blockers do not interfere with non-rapid eye movement sleep. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:969712. [DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.969712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep is tightly homeostatically regulated and essential for survival. In the electroencephalogram (EEG), oscillations in the delta (0.5–4 Hz) range are prominent during NREM sleep. These delta oscillations are, to date, the best indicator for homeostatic sleep regulation; they are increased after prolonged waking and fade during NREM sleep. The precise mechanisms underlying sleep homeostasis and the generation of EEG delta oscillations are still being investigated. Activity-dependent neuronal calcium influx has been hypothesized to play an important role in generating delta oscillations and might be involved in downstream signaling that mediates sleep function. Dihydropyridine blockers of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are in wide clinical use to treat hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders and are readily blood-brain-barrier penetrant. We therefore, wanted to investigate their potential effects on EEG delta oscillation and homeostatic NREM sleep regulation in freely behaving mice. In vivo two-photon imaging of cortical neurons showed larger spontaneous calcium transients in NREM sleep compared to waking. Application of the dihydropyridine calcium blocker nicardipine significantly reduced cortical calcium transients without affecting the generation of delta oscillations. Nicardipine also did not affect EEG delta oscillations over 24 h following application. The time spent in NREM sleep and NREM episode duration was also not affected. Thus, acute block of calcium entry through L-type VGCCs does not interfere with EEG delta oscillations or their homeostatic regulation, despite prior evidence from calcium channel knockout mice.
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Khalilzad Sharghi V, Maltbie EA, Pan WJ, Keilholz SD, Gopinath KS. Selective blockade of rat brain T-type calcium channels provides insights on neurophysiological basis of arousal dependent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging signals. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:909999. [PMID: 36003960 PMCID: PMC9393715 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.909999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies point to slow (0.1–2 Hz) brain rhythms as the basis for the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) signal. Slow waves exist in the absence of stimulation, propagate across the cortex, and are strongly modulated by vigilance similar to large portions of the rsfMRI signal. However, it is not clear if slow rhythms serve as the basis of all neural activity reflected in rsfMRI signals, or just the vigilance-dependent components. The rsfMRI data exhibit quasi-periodic patterns (QPPs) that appear to increase in strength with decreasing vigilance and propagate across the brain similar to slow rhythms. These QPPs can complicate the estimation of functional connectivity (FC) via rsfMRI, either by existing as unmodeled signal or by inducing additional wide-spread correlation between voxel-time courses of functionally connected brain regions. In this study, we examined the relationship between cortical slow rhythms and the rsfMRI signal, using a well-established pharmacological model of slow wave suppression. Suppression of cortical slow rhythms led to significant reduction in the amplitude of QPPs but increased rsfMRI measures of intrinsic FC in rats. The results suggest that cortical slow rhythms serve as the basis of only the vigilance-dependent components (e.g., QPPs) of rsfMRI signals. Further attenuation of these non-specific signals enhances delineation of brain functional networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Khalilzad Sharghi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University-Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Eric A. Maltbie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University-Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Wen-Ju Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University-Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shella D. Keilholz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University-Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kaundinya S. Gopinath
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Kaundinya S. Gopinath,
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Babiloni C, Noce G, Di Bonaventura C, Lizio R, Eldellaa A, Tucci F, Salamone EM, Ferri R, Soricelli A, Nobili F, Famà F, Arnaldi D, Palma E, Cifelli P, Marizzoni M, Stocchi F, Bruno G, Di Gennaro G, Frisoni GB, Del Percio C. Alzheimer's Disease with Epileptiform EEG Activity: Abnormal Cortical Sources of Resting State Delta Rhythms in Patients with Amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:903-931. [PMID: 35694930 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with amnesic mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (ADMCI) typically show a "slowing" of cortical resting-state eyes-closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) rhythms. Some of them also show subclinical, non-convulsive, and epileptiform EEG activity (EEA) with an unclear relationship with that "slowing." OBJECTIVE Here we tested the hypothesis that the "slowing" of rsEEG rhythms is related to EEA in ADMCI patients. METHODS Clinical and instrumental datasets in 62 ADMCI patients and 38 normal elderly (Nold) subjects were available in a national archive. No participant had received a clinical diagnosis of epilepsy. The eLORETA freeware estimated rsEEG cortical sources. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROCC) indexed the accuracy of eLORETA solutions in the classification between ADMCI-EEA and ADMCI-noEEA individuals. RESULTS EEA was observed in 15% (N = 8) of the ADMCI patients. The ADMCI-EEA group showed: 1) more abnormal Aβ 42 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid as compared to the ADMCI-noEEA group and 2) higher temporal and occipital delta (<4 Hz) rsEEG source activities as compared to the ADMCI-noEEA and Nold groups. Those source activities showed moderate accuracy (AUROCC = 0.70-0.75) in the discrimination between ADMCI-noEEA versus ADMCI-EEA individuals. CONCLUSION It can be speculated that in ADMCI-EEA patients, AD-related amyloid neuropathology may be related to an over-excitation in neurophysiological low-frequency (delta) oscillatory mechanisms underpinning cortical arousal and quiet vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Hospital San Raffaele Cassino, Cassino (FR), Italy
| | | | - Carlo Di Bonaventura
- Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurosciences/Mental Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ali Eldellaa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Tucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico M Salamone
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Epilepsy Unit, Department of Neurosciences/Mental Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Soricelli
- IRCCS Synlab SDN, Naples, Italy.,Department of Motor Sciences and Healthiness, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavio Nobili
- Clinical Neurology, IRCCS Hospital Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Famà
- Clinical Neurology, IRCCS Hospital Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dario Arnaldi
- Clinical Neurology, IRCCS Hospital Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Palma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Pasteur Institute-Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Cifelli
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, (IS), Italy.,Department of Applied and Biotechnological Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Moira Marizzoni
- Laboratory of Alzheimer's Neuroimaging and Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Department of Applied and Biotechnological Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Memory Clinic and LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Del Percio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Mirlohi S, Bladen C, Santiago M, Connor M. Modulation of Recombinant Human T-Type Calcium Channels by Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid In Vitro. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 7:34-45. [PMID: 33998881 PMCID: PMC8864432 DOI: 10.1089/can.2020.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Low voltage-activated T-type calcium channels (T-type ICa), CaV3.1, CaV3.2, and CaV3.3, are opened by small depolarizations from the resting membrane potential in many cells and have been associated with neurological disorders, including absence epilepsy and pain. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the principal psychoactive compound in Cannabis and also directly modulates T-type ICa; however, there is no information about functional activity of most phytocannabinoids on T-type calcium channels, including Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), the natural nonpsychoactive precursor of THC. The aim of this work was to characterize THCA effects on T-type calcium channels. Materials and Methods: We used HEK293 Flp-In-TREx cells stably expressing CaV3.1, 3.2, or 3.3. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were made to investigate cannabinoid modulation of ICa. Results: THCA and THC inhibited the peak current amplitude CaV3.1 with pEC50s of 6.0±0.7 and 5.6±0.4, respectively. THC (1 μM) or THC produced a significant negative shift in half activation and inactivation of CaV3.1, and both drugs prolonged CaV3.1 deactivation kinetics. THCA (10 μM) inhibited CaV3.2 by 53%±4%, and both THCA and THC produced a substantial negative shift in the voltage for half inactivation and modest negative shift in half activation of CaV3.2. THC prolonged the deactivation time of CaV3.2, while THCA did not. THCA inhibited the peak current of CaV3.3 by 43%±2% (10 μM) but did not notably affect CaV3.3 channel activation or inactivation; however, THC caused significant hyperpolarizing shift in CaV3.3 steady-state inactivation. Discussion: THCA modulated T-type ICa currents in vitro, with significant modulation of kinetics and voltage dependence at low μM concentrations. This study suggests that THCA may have potential for therapeutic use in pain and epilepsy through T-type calcium channel modulation without the unwanted psychoactive effects associated with THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mirlohi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chris Bladen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marina Santiago
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Connor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,*Address correspondence to: Mark Connor, PhD, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia,
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Chaudhary R, Albrecht S, Datunashvili M, Cerina M, Lüttjohann A, Han Y, Narayanan V, Chetkovich DM, Ruck T, Kuhlmann T, Pape HC, Meuth SG, Zobeiri M, Budde T. Modulation of Pacemaker Channel Function in a Model of Thalamocortical Hyperexcitability by Demyelination and Cytokines. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:4397-4421. [PMID: 35076711 PMCID: PMC9574242 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A consensus is yet to be reached regarding the exact prevalence of epileptic seizures or epilepsy in multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition, the underlying pathophysiological basis of the reciprocal interaction among neuroinflammation, demyelination, and epilepsy remains unclear. Therefore, a better understanding of cellular and network mechanisms linking these pathologies is needed. Cuprizone-induced general demyelination in rodents is a valuable model for studying MS pathologies. Here, we studied the relationship among epileptic activity, loss of myelin, and pro-inflammatory cytokines by inducing acute, generalized demyelination in a genetic mouse model of human absence epilepsy, C3H/HeJ mice. Both cellular and network mechanisms were studied using in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological techniques. We found that acute, generalized demyelination in C3H/HeJ mice resulted in a lower number of spike–wave discharges, increased cortical theta oscillations, and reduction of slow rhythmic intrathalamic burst activity. In addition, generalized demyelination resulted in a significant reduction in the amplitude of the hyperpolarization-activated inward current (Ih) in thalamic relay cells, which was accompanied by lower surface expression of hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, and the phosphorylated form of TRIP8b (pS237-TRIP8b). We suggest that demyelination-related changes in thalamic Ih may be one of the factors defining the prevalence of seizures in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Chaudhary
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Albrecht
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Maia Datunashvili
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Manuela Cerina
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Annika Lüttjohann
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ye Han
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Venu Narayanan
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dane M Chetkovich
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Pape
- Institut für Physiologie I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mehrnoush Zobeiri
- Address correspondence to Dr Thomas Budde, Wilhelms-Universität, Institut für Physiologie I, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149 Münster, Germany. ; Dr Mehrnoush Zobeiri, Wilhelms-Universität, Institut für Physiologie I, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Thomas Budde
- Address correspondence to Dr Thomas Budde, Wilhelms-Universität, Institut für Physiologie I, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149 Münster, Germany. ; Dr Mehrnoush Zobeiri, Wilhelms-Universität, Institut für Physiologie I, Robert-Koch-Str. 27a, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Jiang Y, Patton MH, Zakharenko SS. A Case for Thalamic Mechanisms of Schizophrenia: Perspective From Modeling 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:769969. [PMID: 34955759 PMCID: PMC8693383 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.769969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic psychiatric disorder that devastates the lives of millions of people worldwide. The disease is characterized by a constellation of symptoms, ranging from cognitive deficits, to social withdrawal, to hallucinations. Despite decades of research, our understanding of the neurobiology of the disease, specifically the neural circuits underlying schizophrenia symptoms, is still in the early stages. Consequently, the development of therapies continues to be stagnant, and overall prognosis is poor. The main obstacle to improving the treatment of schizophrenia is its multicausal, polygenic etiology, which is difficult to model. Clinical observations and the emergence of preclinical models of rare but well-defined genomic lesions that confer substantial risk of schizophrenia (e.g., 22q11.2 microdeletion) have highlighted the role of the thalamus in the disease. Here we review the literature on the molecular, cellular, and circuitry findings in schizophrenia and discuss the leading theories in the field, which point to abnormalities within the thalamus as potential pathogenic mechanisms of schizophrenia. We posit that synaptic dysfunction and oscillatory abnormalities in neural circuits involving projections from and within the thalamus, with a focus on the thalamocortical circuits, may underlie the psychotic (and possibly other) symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stanislav S. Zakharenko
- Division of Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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10
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Marks WN, Zabder NK, Snutch TP, Howland JG. T-type calcium channels regulate the acquisition and recall of conditioned fear in male, Wistar rats. Behav Brain Res 2020; 393:112747. [PMID: 32504730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The T-type calcium channel blocker, Z944, has been used as a pharmacological tool to assess T-type calcium channel function and examined for use as an anti-epileptic. As Z944 affects fear learning and memory in a rodent model of absence epilepsy, it is important to determine the effect of Z944 on learning and memory in a non-disease outbred rodent strain. This study examined the dose-dependent effects (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, i.p.) of acute systemic treatment with Z944 on the learning and memory of fear conditioning and extinction in male Wistar rats. Z944 administered prior to the acquisition of fear conditioning significantly increased freezing prior to acquisition and extinction, during acquisition, and impaired recall of fear memory 24 h later. These findings suggest that T-type calcium channel activity may be required during associative learning for intact long-term memory. Enhanced fear behaviour observed prior to acquisition and extinction, and during acquisition could reflect an increase in anxiety, however, further testing is needed to determine the effect of Z944 on anxiety during fear conditioning and extinction. The use of Z944 for therapeutic purposes should consider the potential effects of Z944 on learning and memory in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendie N Marks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Nadine K Zabder
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - John G Howland
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
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11
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A novel phospho-modulatory mechanism contributes to the calcium-dependent regulation of T-type Ca 2+ channels. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15642. [PMID: 31666636 PMCID: PMC6821770 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cav3 / T-type Ca2+ channels are dynamically regulated by intracellular Ca2+ ions, which inhibit Cav3 availability. Here, we demonstrate that this inhibition becomes irreversible in the presence of non-hydrolysable ATP analogs, resulting in a strong hyperpolarizing shift in the steady-state inactivation of the residual Cav3 current. Importantly, the effect of these ATP analogs was prevented in the presence of intracellular BAPTA. Additional findings obtained using intracellular dialysis of inorganic phosphate and alkaline phosphatase or NaN3 treatment further support the involvement of a phosphorylation mechanism. Contrasting with Cav1 and Cav2 Ca2+ channels, the Ca2+-dependent modulation of Cav3 channels appears to be independent of calmodulin, calcineurin and endocytic pathways. Similar findings were obtained for the native T-type Ca2+ current recorded in rat thalamic neurons of the central medial nucleus. Overall, our data reveal a new Ca2+ sensitive phosphorylation-dependent mechanism regulating Cav3 channels, with potentially important physiological implications for the multiple cell functions controlled by T-type Ca2+ channels.
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Andrade A, Brennecke A, Mallat S, Brown J, Gomez-Rivadeneira J, Czepiel N, Londrigan L. Genetic Associations between Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels and Psychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3537. [PMID: 31331039 PMCID: PMC6679227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders are mental, behavioral or emotional disorders. These conditions are prevalent, one in four adults suffer from any type of psychiatric disorders world-wide. It has always been observed that psychiatric disorders have a genetic component, however, new methods to sequence full genomes of large cohorts have identified with high precision genetic risk loci for these conditions. Psychiatric disorders include, but are not limited to, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, and attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Several risk loci for psychiatric disorders fall within genes that encode for voltage-gated calcium channels (CaVs). Calcium entering through CaVs is crucial for multiple neuronal processes. In this review, we will summarize recent findings that link CaVs and their auxiliary subunits to psychiatric disorders. First, we will provide a general overview of CaVs structure, classification, function, expression and pharmacology. Next, we will summarize tools to study risk loci associated with psychiatric disorders. We will examine functional studies of risk variations in CaV genes when available. Finally, we will review pharmacological evidence of the use of CaV modulators to treat psychiatric disorders. Our review will be of interest for those studying pathophysiological aspects of CaVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Andrade
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
| | - Ashton Brennecke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Shayna Mallat
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Julian Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | | | - Natalie Czepiel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Laura Londrigan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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Effects of the T-type calcium channel antagonist Z944 on paired associates learning and locomotor activity in rats treated with the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:3339-3350. [PMID: 30251162 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Currently available antipsychotics are unsatisfactory given their side effects and limited efficacy for the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Many currently available drugs, such as haloperidol, are T-type calcium channel antagonists in addition to their well-established antagonism of dopamine D2 receptors. Thus, preclinical research into the effects of T-type calcium channel antagonists/blockers in behavioral assays related to schizophrenia may inform novel therapeutic strategies. OBJECTIVES We explored the effects of a recently developed highly selective T-type calcium channel antagonist, Z944 (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg/kg), on the MK-801 (0.15 mg/kg) model of acute psychosis. METHODS To examine the effects of Z944 on behaviors relevant to schizophrenia, we tested touchscreen-based paired associates learning given its relevance to the cognitive symptoms of the disorder and locomotor activity given its relevance to the positive symptoms. RESULTS Acute treatment with Z944 failed to reverse the visuospatial associative memory impairments caused by MK-801 in paired associates learning. The highest dose of drug (10.0 mg/kg) given alone produced subtle impairments on paired associates learning. In contrast, Z944 (5.0 mg/kg) blocked the expected increase in locomotion following MK-801 treatment in a locomotor assay. CONCLUSIONS These experiments provide support that Z944 may reduce behaviors relevant to positive symptoms of schizophrenia, although additional study of its effects on cognition is required. These findings and other research suggest T-type calcium channel antagonists may be an alternative to currently available antipsychotics with less serious side effects.
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Absent sleep EEG spindle activity in GluA1 (Gria1) knockout mice: relevance to neuropsychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:154. [PMID: 30108203 PMCID: PMC6092338 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0199-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep EEG spindles have been implicated in attention, sensory processing, synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. In humans, deficits in sleep spindles have been reported in a wide range of neurological and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Genome-wide association studies have suggested a link between schizophrenia and genes associated with synaptic plasticity, including the Gria1 gene which codes for the GluA1 subunit of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor. Gria1-/- mice exhibit a phenotype relevant for neuropsychiatric disorders, including reduced synaptic plasticity and, at the behavioural level, attentional deficits leading to aberrant salience. In this study we report a striking reduction of EEG power density including the spindle-frequency range (10-15 Hz) during sleep in Gria1-/- mice. The reduction of spindle-activity in Gria1-/- mice was accompanied by longer REM sleep episodes, increased EEG slow-wave activity in the occipital derivation during baseline sleep, and a reduced rate of decline of EEG slow wave activity (0.5-4 Hz) during NREM sleep after sleep deprivation. These data provide a novel link between glutamatergic dysfunction and sleep abnormalities in a schizophrenia-relevant mouse model.
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Cytosolic ATP Relieves Voltage-Dependent Inactivation of T-Type Calcium Channels and Facilitates Excitability of Neurons in the Rat Central Medial Thalamus. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0016-18. [PMID: 29468189 PMCID: PMC5819668 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0016-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The central medial nucleus (CeM) is a part of the intralaminar thalamus, which is involved in the control of arousal and sensory processing. However, ionic conductances and mechanisms that regulate the activity of the CeM are not well studied. Here, we used in vitro electrophysiology in acute brain slices from adolescent rats to demonstrate that T-type calcium currents (T-currents) are prominent in the majority of the studied CeM neurons and are critical determinants of low-threshold calcium spikes (LTSs), which in turn regulate excitability of these neurons. Using an ATP-free internal solution decreased T-current density and induced a profound hyperpolarizing shift in steady-state inactivation curves while voltage-dependent activation kinetics were spared. Furthermore, selective pharmacological blockade of T-channels or use of an ATP-free solution reduced both tonic action potential (AP) frequency and rebound burst firing in CeM neurons. Our results indicate that T-channels are critical regulators of a thalamocortical circuit output and suggest that cytosolic ATP could be an endogenous regulatory mechanism in which T-channels may functionally gate sensory transmission and arousal in vivo.
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16
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A neurosteroid analogue with T-type calcium channel blocking properties is an effective hypnotic, but is not harmful to neonatal rat brain. Br J Anaesth 2018; 120:768-778. [PMID: 29576117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 4 million children are exposed annually to sedatives and general anaesthetics (GAs) in the USA alone. Recent data suggest that common GAs can be detrimental to brain development causing neurodegeneration and long-term cognitive impairments. Challenged by a recent US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warning about potentially neurotoxic effects of GAs in children, there is an urgent need to develop safer GAs. METHODS Postnatal Day 7 (P7) rat pups of both sexes were exposed to six (repeated every 2 h) injections of equipotent hypnotic doses of ketamine or the neuroactive steroid (3β,5β,17β)-3-hydroxyandrostane-17-carbonitrile (3β-OH) for 12 h. Loss of righting reflex was used to assess hypnotic properties and therapeutic index; quantitative caspase-3 immunohistochemistry was used to assess developmental neuroapoptosis; patch-clamp recordings in acute brain slices were used to assess the effects of 3β-OH on neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. Cognitive abilities of rats exposed to ketamine, 3β-OH, or vehicle at P7 were assessed in young adulthood using the radial arm maze. RESULTS The neuroactive steroid 3β-OH has a therapeutic index similar to ketamine, a commonly used clinical GA. We report that 3β-OH is safe and, unlike ketamine, does not cause neuroapoptosis or impair cognitive development when administered to P7 rat pups. Interestingly, 3β-OH blocks T-type calcium channels and presynaptically dampens synaptic transmission at hypnotically-relevant brain concentrations, but it lacks a direct effect on γ-aminobutyric acid A or glutamate-gated ion channels. CONCLUSIONS The neurosteroid 3β-OH is a relatively safe hypnotic that warrants further consideration for paediatric anaesthesia.
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The dichotomy between low frequency and delta waves in human sleep: A reappraisal. J Neurosci Methods 2018; 293:234-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bezençon O, Heidmann B, Siegrist R, Stamm S, Richard S, Pozzi D, Corminboeuf O, Roch C, Kessler M, Ertel EA, Reymond I, Pfeifer T, de Kanter R, Toeroek-Schafroth M, Moccia LG, Mawet J, Moon R, Rey M, Capeleto B, Fournier E. Discovery of a Potent, Selective T-type Calcium Channel Blocker as a Drug Candidate for the Treatment of Generalized Epilepsies. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9769-9789. [PMID: 29116786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We report here the discovery and pharmacological characterization of N-(1-benzyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-2-phenylacetamide derivatives as potent, selective, brain-penetrating T-type calcium channel blockers. Optimization focused mainly on solubility, brain penetration, and the search for an aminopyrazole metabolite that would be negative in an Ames test. This resulted in the preparation and complete characterization of compound 66b (ACT-709478), which has been selected as a clinical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bezençon
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Bibia Heidmann
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Romain Siegrist
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Simon Stamm
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Richard
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Davide Pozzi
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Corminboeuf
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Roch
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Kessler
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Eric A Ertel
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Reymond
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pfeifer
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Ruben de Kanter
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Michael Toeroek-Schafroth
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Luca G Moccia
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Mawet
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Richard Moon
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rey
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Capeleto
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Elvire Fournier
- Chemistry, Biology and Pharmacology & Pre-clinical Development, Drug Discovery, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , Hegenheimermattweg 91, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
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Henbid MT, Marks WN, Collins MJ, Cain SM, Snutch TP, Howland JG. Sociability impairments in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg: Reversal by the T-type calcium channel antagonist Z944. Exp Neurol 2017; 296:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Potential synergistic action of 19 schizophrenia risk genes in the thalamus. Schizophr Res 2017; 180:64-69. [PMID: 27645107 PMCID: PMC5263182 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A goal of current schizophrenia (SZ) research is to understand how multiple risk genes work together with environmental factors to produce the disease. In schizophrenia, there is elevated delta frequency EEG power in the awake state, an elevation that can be mimicked in rodents by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist action in the thalamus. This thalamic delta can be blocked by dopamine D2 receptor antagonists, agents known to be therapeutic in SZ. Experiments suggest that these oscillations can interfere with brain function and may thus be causal in producing psychosis. Here we evaluate the question of whether well-established schizophrenia risk genes may interact to affect the delta generation process. We identify 19 risk genes that can plausibly work in a synergistic fashion to generate delta oscillations.
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21
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Galvan A, Devergnas A, Pittard D, Masilamoni G, Vuong J, Daniels JS, Morrison RD, Lindsley CW, Wichmann T. Lack of Antiparkinsonian Effects of Systemic Injections of the Specific T-Type Calcium Channel Blocker ML218 in MPTP-Treated Monkeys. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:1543-1551. [PMID: 27596273 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic medications ameliorate many of the motor impairments of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, parkinsonism is often only partially reversed by these drugs, and they can have significant side effects. Therefore, a need remains for novel treatments of parkinsonism. Studies in rodents and preliminary clinical evidence have shown that T-type calcium channel (TTCC) antagonists have antiparkinsonian effects. However, most of the available studies utilized nonselective agents. We now evaluated whether systemic injections of the specific TTCC blocker ML218 have antiparkinsonian effects in MPTP-treated parkinsonian Rhesus monkeys. The animals were treated chronically with MPTP until they reached stable parkinsonism. In pharmacokinetic studies, we found that ML218 reaches a peak CSF concentration 1-2 h after s.c. administration. In electrocardiographic studies, we found no effects of ML218 on cardiac rhythmicity. As expected, systemic injections of the dopamine precursor L-DOPA dose-dependently increased the movements in our parkinsonian animals. We then tested the behavioral effects of systemic injections of ML218 (1, 10, or 30 mg/kg) or its vehicle, but did not detect specific antiparkinsonian effects. ML218 (3 or 10 mg/kg) was also not synergistic with L-DOPA. Using recordings of electrocorticogram signals (in one animal), we found that ML218 increased sleep. We conclude that ML218 does not have antiparkinsonian effects in MPTP-treated parkinsonian monkeys, due at least in part, to the agent's sedative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - J. Scott Daniels
- Department
of Pharmacology and Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Ryan D. Morrison
- Department
of Pharmacology and Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department
of Pharmacology and Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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22
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Marks WN, Greba Q, Cain SM, Snutch TP, Howland JG. The T-type calcium channel antagonist Z944 disrupts prepulse inhibition in both epileptic and non-epileptic rats. Neuroscience 2016; 332:121-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Marks WN, Cain SM, Snutch TP, Howland JG. The T-type calcium channel antagonist Z944 rescues impairments in crossmodal and visual recognition memory in Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 94:106-15. [PMID: 27282256 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is often comorbid with behavioral and cognitive symptoms, including impaired visual memory. Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) is an animal model closely resembling CAE; however, cognition in GAERS is poorly understood. Crossmodal object recognition (CMOR) is a recently developed memory task that examines not only purely visual and tactile memory, but also requires rodents to integrate sensory information about objects gained from tactile exploration to enable visual recognition. Both the visual and crossmodal variations of the CMOR task rely on the perirhinal cortex, an area with dense expression of T-type calcium channels. GAERS express a gain-in-function missense mutation in the Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel gene. Therefore, we tested whether the T-type calcium channel blocker Z944 dose dependently (1, 3, 10mg/kg; i.p.) altered CMOR memory in GAERS compared to the non-epileptic control (NEC) strain. GAERS demonstrated recognition memory deficits in the visual and crossmodal variations of the CMOR task that were reversed by the highest dose of Z944. Electroencephalogram recordings determined that deficits in CMOR memory in GAERS were not the result of seizures during task performance. In contrast, NEC showed a decrease in CMOR memory following Z944 treatment. These findings suggest that T-type calcium channels mediate CMOR in both the GAERS and NEC strains. Future research into the therapeutic potential of T-type calcium channel regulation may be particularly fruitful for the treatment of CAE and other disorders characterized by visual memory deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendie N Marks
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Stuart M Cain
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - John G Howland
- Department of Physiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Rogawski MA, Löscher W, Rho JM. Mechanisms of Action of Antiseizure Drugs and the Ketogenic Diet. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:a022780. [PMID: 26801895 PMCID: PMC4852797 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antiseizure drugs (ASDs), also termed antiepileptic drugs, are the main form of symptomatic treatment for people with epilepsy, but not all patients become free of seizures. The ketogenic diet is one treatment option for drug-resistant patients. Both types of therapy exert their clinical effects through interactions with one or more of a diverse set of molecular targets in the brain. ASDs act by modulation of voltage-gated ion channels, including sodium, calcium, and potassium channels; by enhancement of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated inhibition through effects on GABAA receptors, the GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) GABA uptake transporter, or GABA transaminase; through interactions with elements of the synaptic release machinery, including synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) and α2δ; or by blockade of ionotropic glutamate receptors, including α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) receptors. The ketogenic diet leads to increases in circulating ketones, which may contribute to the efficacy in treating pharmacoresistant seizures. Production in the brain of inhibitory mediators, such as adenosine, or ion channel modulators, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, may also play a role. Metabolic effects, including diversion from glycolysis, are a further postulated mechanism. For some ASDs and the ketogenic diet, effects on multiple targets may contribute to activity. Better understanding of the ketogenic diet will inform the development of improved drug therapies to treat refractory seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Rogawski
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California 95817
| | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jong M Rho
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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David F, Crunelli V, Leresche N, Lambert RC. Dynamic Analysis of the Conditional Oscillator Underlying Slow Waves in Thalamocortical Neurons. Front Neural Circuits 2016; 10:10. [PMID: 26941611 PMCID: PMC4766279 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2016.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During non-REM sleep the EEG shows characteristics waves that are generated by the dynamic interactions between cortical and thalamic oscillators. In thalamic neurons, low-threshold T-type Ca(2+) channels play a pivotal role in almost every type of neuronal oscillations, including slow (< 1 Hz) waves, sleep spindles and delta waves. The transient opening of T channels gives rise to the low threshold spikes (LTSs), and associated high frequency bursts of action potentials, that are characteristically present during sleep spindles and delta waves, whereas the persistent opening of a small fraction of T channels, (i.e., ITwindow) is responsible for the membrane potential bistability underlying sleep slow oscillations. Surprisingly thalamocortical (TC) neurons express a very high density of T channels that largely exceed the amount required to generate LTSs and therefore, to support certain, if not all, sleep oscillations. Here, to clarify the relationship between T current density and sleep oscillations, we systematically investigated the impact of the T conductance level on the intrinsic rhythmic activities generated in TC neurons, combining in vitro experiments and TC neuron simulation. Using bifurcation analysis, we provide insights into the dynamical processes taking place at the transition between slow and delta oscillations. Our results show that although stable delta oscillations can be evoked with minimal T conductance, the full range of slow oscillation patterns, including groups of delta oscillations separated by Up states ("grouped-delta slow waves") requires a high density of T channels. Moreover, high levels of T conductance ensure the robustness of different types of slow oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- François David
- Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiff, UK
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5292Lyon, France
- Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1028Lyon, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Claude BernardLyon, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM 119, Neuroscience Paris SeineParis, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris SeineParis, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1130, Neuroscience Paris SeineParis, France
| | - Vincenzo Crunelli
- Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff UniversityCardiff, UK
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of MaltaMsida, Malta
| | - Nathalie Leresche
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM 119, Neuroscience Paris SeineParis, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris SeineParis, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1130, Neuroscience Paris SeineParis, France
| | - Régis C. Lambert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM 119, Neuroscience Paris SeineParis, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris SeineParis, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1130, Neuroscience Paris SeineParis, France
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Abstract
This review centers on the discoveries made during more than six decades of neuroscience research on the role of gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) as neurotransmitter. In doing so, special emphasis is directed to the significant involvement of Canadian scientists in these advances. Starting with the early studies that established GABA as an inhibitory neurotransmitter at central synapses, we summarize the results pointing at the GABA receptor as a drug target as well as more recent evidence showing that GABAA receptor signaling plays a surprisingly active role in neuronal network synchronization, both during development and in the adult brain. Finally, we briefly address the involvement of GABA in neurological conditions that encompass epileptic disorders and mental retardation.
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Devergnas A, Chen E, Ma Y, Hamada I, Pittard D, Kammermeier S, Mullin AP, Faundez V, Lindsley CW, Jones C, Smith Y, Wichmann T. Anatomical localization of Cav3.1 calcium channels and electrophysiological effects of T-type calcium channel blockade in the motor thalamus of MPTP-treated monkeys. J Neurophysiol 2015; 115:470-85. [PMID: 26538609 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00858.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional anti-Parkinsonian dopamine replacement therapy is often complicated by side effects that limit the use of these medications. There is a continuing need to develop nondopaminergic approaches to treat Parkinsonism. One such approach is to use medications that normalize dopamine depletion-related firing abnormalities in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuitry. In this study, we assessed the potential of a specific T-type calcium channel blocker (ML218) to eliminate pathologic burst patterns of firing in the basal ganglia-receiving territory of the motor thalamus in Parkinsonian monkeys. We also carried out an anatomical study, demonstrating that the immunoreactivity for T-type calcium channels is strongly expressed in the motor thalamus in normal and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated monkeys. At the electron microscopic level, dendrites accounted for >90% of all tissue elements that were immunoreactive for voltage-gated calcium channel, type 3.2-containing T-type calcium channels in normal and Parkinsonian monkeys. Subsequent in vivo electrophysiologic studies in awake MPTP-treated Parkinsonian monkeys demonstrated that intrathalamic microinjections of ML218 (0.5 μl of a 2.5-mM solution, injected at 0.1-0.2 μl/min) partially normalized the thalamic activity by reducing the proportion of rebound bursts and increasing the proportion of spikes in non-rebound bursts. The drug also attenuated oscillatory activity in the 3-13-Hz frequency range and increased gamma frequency oscillations. However, ML218 did not normalize Parkinsonism-related changes in firing rates and oscillatory activity in the beta frequency range. Whereas the described changes are promising, a more complete assessment of the cellular and behavioral effects of ML218 (or similar drugs) is needed for a full appraisal of their anti-Parkinsonian potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaelle Devergnas
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;
| | - Erdong Chen
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Yuxian Ma
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ikuma Hamada
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Damien Pittard
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Stefan Kammermeier
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Klinikum der Universität München, Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, München, Germany
| | - Ariana P Mullin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Center for Social Translational Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Carrie Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Yoland Smith
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thomas Wichmann
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia; Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research at Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Zeng Y, Yang J, Du J, Pu X, Yang X, Yang S, Yang T. Strategies of Functional Foods Promote Sleep in Human Being. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 9:148-155. [PMID: 26005400 PMCID: PMC4440346 DOI: 10.2174/1574362410666150205165504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is a vital segment of life, however, the mechanisms of diet promoting sleep are
unclear and are the focus of research. Insomnia is a general sleep disorder and functional foods are
known to play a key role in the prevention of insomnia. A number of studies have demonstrated that
major insomnia risk factors in human being are less functional foods in dietary. There are higher
functional components in functional foods promoting sleep, including tryptophan, GABA, calcium,
potassium, melatonin, pyridoxine, L-ornithine and hexadecanoic acid; but wake-promoting neurochemical
factors include serotonin, noradrenalin, acetylcholine, histamine, orexin and so on. The factors promoting sleep in human
being are the functional foods include barley grass powder, whole grains, maca, panax, Lingzhi, asparagus powder,
lettuce, cherry, kiwifruits, walnut, schisandra wine, and milk; Barley grass powder with higher GABA and calcium, as
well as potassium is the most ideal functional food promoting sleep, however, the sleep duration for modern humans is
associated with food structure of ancient humans. In this review, we put forward possible mechanisms of functional
components in foods promoting sleep. Although there is clear relevance between sleep and diet, their molecular
mechanisms need to be studied further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, P.R. China
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, P.R. China; ; Kuming Tiankang Science & Technology Limited Company, Kunming 650231, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoying Pu
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomen Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, P.R. China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, P.R. China
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