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Ejikeme C, Safdar Z. Exploring the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1402639. [PMID: 39050536 PMCID: PMC11267418 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1402639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex cardiopulmonary disorder impacting the lung vasculature, resulting in increased pulmonary vascular resistance that leads to right ventricular dysfunction. Pulmonary hypertension comprises of 5 groups (PH group 1 to 5) where group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), results from alterations that directly affect the pulmonary arteries. Although PAH has a complex pathophysiology that is not completely understood, it is known to be a multifactorial disease that results from a combination of genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors, leading to a varied range of symptoms in PAH patients. PAH does not have a cure, its incidence and prevalence continue to increase every year, resulting in higher morbidity and mortality rates. In this review, we discuss the different pathologic mechanisms with a focus on epigenetic modifications and their roles in the development and progression of PAH. These modifications include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA dysregulation. Understanding these epigenetic modifications will improve our understanding of PAH and unveil novel therapeutic targets, thus steering research toward innovative treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeenat Safdar
- Department of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, Houston Methodist Lung Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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2
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Brown SD, Klimi E, Bakker WAM, Beqqali A, Baker AH. Non-coding RNAs to treat vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38773733 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (vSMC) dysfunction is a critical contributor to cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, restenosis and vein graft failure. Recent advances have unveiled a fascinating range of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a pivotal role in regulating vSMC function. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms underlying vSMC dysfunction and the therapeutic potential of various ncRNAs in mitigating this dysfunction, either preventing or reversing it. We explore the intricate interplay of microRNAs, long-non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, shedding light on their roles in regulating key signalling pathways associated with vSMC dysfunction. We also discuss the prospects and challenges associated with developing ncRNA-based therapies for this prevalent type of cardiovascular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon D Brown
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eftychia Klimi
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Abdelaziz Beqqali
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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3
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Dave J, Jagana V, Janostiak R, Bisserier M. Unraveling the epigenetic landscape of pulmonary arterial hypertension: implications for personalized medicine development. J Transl Med 2023; 21:477. [PMID: 37461108 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a multifactorial disease associated with the remodeling of pulmonary blood vessels. If left unaddressed, PAH can lead to right heart failure and even death. Multiple biological processes, such as smooth muscle proliferation, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and resistance to apoptosis, are associated with PAH. Increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic factors play an important role in PAH by regulating the chromatin structure and altering the expression of critical genes. For example, aberrant DNA methylation and histone modifications such as histone acetylation and methylation have been observed in patients with PAH and are linked to vascular remodeling and pulmonary vascular dysfunction. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the role of key epigenetic targets in PAH pathogenesis, including DNA methyltransferase (DNMT), ten-eleven translocation enzymes (TET), switch-independent 3A (SIN3A), enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), histone deacetylase (HDAC), and bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4). Finally, we discuss the potential of multi-omics integration to better understand the molecular signature and profile of PAH patients and how this approach can help identify personalized treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaydev Dave
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, BSB 131A, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, BSB 131A, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Vineeta Jagana
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, BSB 131A, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, BSB 131A, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA
| | - Radoslav Janostiak
- First Faculty of Medicine, BIOCEV, Charles University, Vestec, 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Malik Bisserier
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, BSB 131A, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, 15 Dana Road, BSB 131A, Valhalla, NY, 10595, USA.
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4
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Yang Q, Fan W, Lai B, Liao B, Deng M. lncRNA-TCONS_00008552 expression in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension due to congenital heart disease. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281061. [PMID: 36893166 PMCID: PMC9997923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are potential regulators of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, there is a series of differentially expressed lncRNAs in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) that may be used as markers to diagnose PAH and even predict the prognosis. However, their specific mechanisms remain largely unknown. Therefore, we investigated the biological role of lncRNAs in patients with PAH. First, we screened patients with PAH secondary to ventricular septal defect (VSD) and those with VSD without PAH to assess differences in lncRNA and mRNA expression between the two groups. Our results revealed the significant upregulation of 813 lncRNAs and 527 mRNAs and significant downregulation of 541 lncRNAs and 268 mRNAs in patients with PAH. Then, we identified 10 hub genes in a constructed protein-protein interaction network. Next, we performed bioinformatics analyses, including Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis and subsequently constructed coding-noncoding co-expression networks. We screened lncRNA-TCONS_00008552 and lncRNA-ENST00000433673 as candidate genes and verified the expression levels of the lncRNAs using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. Although expression levels of lncRNA-TCONS_00008552 in the plasma from the PAH groups were significantly increased compared with the control groups, there was no significant difference in the expression of lncRNA-ENST00000433673 between the two groups. This study bolsters our understanding of the role of lncRNA in PAH occurrence and development and indicates that lncRNA-TCONS_00008552 is a novel potential molecular marker for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases) Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases) Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Banghui Lai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases) Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases) Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- * E-mail: (BL); (MD)
| | - Mingbin Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, China
- Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, (Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases) Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- * E-mail: (BL); (MD)
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5
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Bernardi N, Bianconi E, Vecchi A, Ameri P. Noncoding RNAs in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Heart Fail Clin 2023; 19:137-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Efovi D, Xiao Q. Noncoding RNAs in Vascular Cell Biology and Restenosis. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:24. [PMID: 36671717 PMCID: PMC9855655 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In-stent restenosis (ISR), characterised by ≥50% re-narrowing of the target vessel, is a common complication following stent implantation and remains a significant challenge to the long-term success of angioplasty procedures. Considering the global burden of cardiovascular diseases, improving angioplasty patient outcomes remains a key priority. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) have been extensively implicated in vascular cell biology and ISR through multiple, both distinct and overlapping, mechanisms. Vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and macrophages constitute the main cell types involved in the multifactorial pathophysiology of ISR. The identification of critical regulators exemplified by ncRNAs in all these cell types and processes makes them an exciting therapeutic target in the field of restenosis. In this review, we will comprehensively explore the potential functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs in vascular cell biology in the context of restenosis, with an in-depth focus on vascular cell dysfunction during restenosis development and progression. We will also discuss the diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target potential of ncRNAs in ISR. Finally, we will discuss the current shortcomings, challenges, and perspectives toward the clinical application of ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Efovi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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Chen Y, Xue J, Fang D, Tian X. Clinical Value and Mechanism of Long Non-Coding RNA UCA1 in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Induced by Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Heart Lung Circ 2022; 32:544-551. [PMID: 36463076 PMCID: PMC9709611 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) can be used as a biological marker for the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. The study aimed to detect changes in the expression of lncRNA for urothelial carcinoma associated 1 (UCA1) in patients with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Clinical values and cell function in ARDS were explored. METHOD In total, 195 patients without CPB-induced ARDS were included in the control group, and 85 patients with ARDS were included in the ARDS group. Serum UCA1 levels were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A549 was used for the cell experiments by establishing oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) cell models, and the cell viability and apoptosis were tested. The concentration of inflammatory factors was tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A luciferase reporting assay was applied for target gene analysis. RESULTS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed a gradual increase in serum UCA1 in both control and ARDS cases, and patients with ARDS had higher levels of UCA1 than those in the control group. Serum UCA1 was positively correlated with serum tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 concentration in patients with ARDS. UCA1 had the ability to distinguish patients with ARDS from those without it. UCA1 inhibition protected against lung injury and inhibited cell inflammation in vitro. MicroRNA (miR-182-5p) was downregulated in OGD/R-induced cell models and sponged by UCA1. CONCLUSIONS Elevated expression of UCA1 may be associated with the occurrence of ARDS after CPB surgery. The regulatory role of UCA1 in ARDS might be related to inflammation and downregulated miR-182-5p in alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Jing Xue
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China,Corresponding author at: School of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Anyuan Road, Shuangqiao District, Chengde, 067000 Hebei, China
| | - Daguang Fang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
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Rogula S, Pomirski B, Czyżak N, Eyileten C, Postuła M, Szarpak Ł, Filipiak KJ, Kurzyna M, Jaguszewski M, Mazurek T, Grabowski M, Gąsecka A. Biomarker-based approach to determine etiology and severity of pulmonary hypertension: Focus on microRNA. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:980718. [PMID: 36277769 PMCID: PMC9582157 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.980718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary arteries, and defined by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, measured during right heart catheterization. There are three main challenges to the diagnostic and therapeutic process of patients with PAH. First, it is difficult to differentiate particular PAH etiology. Second, invasive diagnostic is required to precisely determine the severity of PAH, and thus to qualify patients for an appropriate treatment. Third, the results of treatment of PAH are unpredictable and remain unsatisfactory. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate post transcriptional gene-expression. Their role as a prognostic, and diagnostic biomarkers in many different diseases have been studied in recent years. MiRNAs are promising novel biomarkers in PAH due to their activity in various molecular pathways and processes underlying PAH. Lack of biomarkers to differentiate between particular PAH etiology and evaluate the severity of PAH, as well as paucity of therapeutic targets in PAH open a new field for the possibility to use miRNAs in these applications. In our article, we discuss the potential of miRNAs use as diagnostic tools, prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwester Rogula
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland,*Correspondence: Sylwester Rogula,
| | - Bartosz Pomirski
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Norbert Czyżak
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland,Genomics Core Facility, Center of New Technologies (CeNT), University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Postuła
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szarpak
- Department of Outcomes Research, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Medical Academy in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof J. Filipiak
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Maria Skłodowska-Curie Medical Academy in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Kurzyna
- Department of Pulmonary Circulation, Thromboembolic Diseases and Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, European Health Centre Otwock, Otwock, Poland
| | - Miłosz Jaguszewski
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mazurek
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Grabowski
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gąsecka
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Lu BH, Liu HB, Guo SX, Zhang J, Li DX, Chen ZG, Lin F, Zhao GA. Long non-coding RNAs: Modulators of phenotypic transformation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:959955. [PMID: 36093159 PMCID: PMC9458932 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.959955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) are longer than 200 nucleotides and cannot encode proteins but can regulate the expression of genes through epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional modifications. The pathophysiology of smooth muscle cells can lead to many vascular diseases, and studies have shown that lncRNAs can regulate the phenotypic conversion of smooth muscle cells so that smooth muscle cells proliferate, migrate, and undergo apoptosis, thereby affecting the development and prognosis of vascular diseases. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of lncRNA as a signal, bait, stent, guide, and other functions to regulate the phenotypic conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells, and summarizes the role of lncRNAs in regulating vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis, hypertension, aortic dissection, vascular restenosis, and aneurysms, providing new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Han Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Hui-Bing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
- Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shu-Xun Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Dong-Xu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
- *Correspondence: Fei Lin
| | - Guo-An Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Life Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
- Guo-An Zhao
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10
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Yang C, Rong R, Li Y, Cheng M, Luo Y. Decrease in LINC00963 attenuates the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension via microRNA-328-3p/profilin 1 axis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24383. [PMID: 35349725 PMCID: PMC9102517 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe cardiopulmonary disease characterized by vascular hyperplasia and remodeling. Long noncoding RNA LINC00963 can regulate cell proliferation and metastasis in nonsmall cell lung cancer. However, the function of LINC00963 on PAH progression is rarely reported. Methods Quantitative real‐time PCR was used to determine the expression levels of LINC00963, microRNA (miRNA)‐328‐3p, and profilin 1 (PFN1), as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF‐2), and hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐α. The protein level of PFN1 was measured by western blotting. The viability and migration of hypoxia‐induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were assessed by 3‐(4, 5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2, 5‐diphenyl‐2‐h‐tetrazolium bromide, and transwell assays, respectively. The target relationships between miR‐328‐3p and LINC00963/PFN1 were confirmed by dual‐luciferase reporter assay. A PAH mouse model was conducted to explore the effects of hypoxia on cardiopulmonary functions. Results In hypoxia‐induced PASMCs and PAH mouse model, high expression levels of LINC00963 and PFN1, and low expression of miR‐328‐3p, were determined. The viability, migration of hypoxia‐induced PASMCs, the expression of VEGF, FGF‐2, and HIF‐α were significantly repressed by transfection of si‐LINC00963 or miR‐328‐3p mimics. The inhibitory effects of LINC00963 silencing on cell viability, migration, and the levels of VEGF, FGF‐2, and HIF‐α were partly eliminated by miR‐328‐3p inhibitor or increasing the expression of PFN1. Hypoxia treatment increased the levels of RVSP, mPAP, and RV/(LV+S), as well as the thickness of pulmonary artery wall. Conclusions Silencing of LINC00963 ameliorates PAH via modulating miR‐328‐3p/PFN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengpeng Yang
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi City, China
| | - Rong Rong
- Department of Physics Diagnosis, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi City, China
| | - Yuze Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi City, China
| | - Mingxun Cheng
- Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi City, China
| | - Yanzhuo Luo
- Ministry of Continuing Education, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi City, China
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11
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Sun Z, Liu Y, Hu R, Wang T, Li Y, Liu N. Metformin inhibits pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation by upregulating p21 via NONRATT015587.2. Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:49. [PMID: 35147202 PMCID: PMC8904078 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a complex and progressive disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling. Our previous study confirmed that NONRATT015587.2 could promote the proliferation of PASMCs and pulmonary vascular remodeling. However, the exact mechanism by which NONRATT015587.2 promotes PASMC proliferation is unclear. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that p21 is located at the downstream target of NONRATT015587.2. NONRATT015587.2 expression and localization were analyzed by PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Proliferation was detected by Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry and western blotting. In the current study, a monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat model and cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were used in vitro to elucidate the exact mechanism of NONRATT015587.2 in pulmonary vascular remodeling, alongside the effect following metformin (MET) treatment on vascular remodeling and smooth muscle cell proliferation. The results demonstrated that NONRATT015587.2 expression was upregulated in the MCT group and reduced in the MET + MCT group. In addition, NONRATT015587.2 could promote the proliferation of PASMCs. The expression levels of p21 were reduced in the MCT group, but increased in the MCT + MET group. Additionally, the expression of NONRATT015587.2 was upregulated in platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)-induced PASMCs, whereas that of p21 was downregulated. Following MET treatment, the expression of NONRATT015587.2 was downregulated and that of p21 was upregulated, which inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs. After overexpression of NONRATT015587.2 in vitro, the proliferation effect of PASMCs was consistent with exogenous PDGF-BB treatment, and MET reversed this effect. NONRATT015587.2 silencing inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs. In addition, p21 silencing reversed the inhibitory effect of NONRATT015587.2 silencing on the proliferation of PASMCs. However, the proliferation of PASMCs was inhibited following MET treatment when NONRATT015587.2 and p21 were silenced at the same time. Thus, NONRATT015587.2 promoted the proliferation of PASMCs by targeting p21, and MET inhibited the proliferation of PASMCs by upregulating p21 mediated via NONRATT015587.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxian Sun
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222061, P.R. China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222061, P.R. China
| | - Tianyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222061, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222061, P.R. China
| | - Naifeng Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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12
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Zang H, Zhang Q, Li X. Non-Coding RNA Networks in Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Genet 2021; 12:703860. [PMID: 34917122 PMCID: PMC8669616 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.703860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in various cellular processes. There are several ncRNA classes, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). The detailed roles of these molecules in pulmonary hypertension (PH) remain unclear. We systematically collected and reviewed reports describing the functions of ncRNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs) in PH through database retrieval and manual literature reading. The characteristics of identified articles, especially the experimental methods, were carefully reviewed. Furthermore, regulatory networks were constructed using ncRNAs and their interacting RNAs or genes. These data were extracted from studies on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells, pulmonary artery endothelial cells, and pulmonary artery fibroblasts. We included 14 lncRNAs, 1 circRNA, 74 miRNAs, and 110 mRNAs in the constructed networks. Using these networks, herein, we describe the current knowledge on the role of ncRNAs in PH. Moreover, these networks actively provide an improved understanding of the roles of ncRNAs in PH. The results of this study are crucial for the clinical application of ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiongyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Yi L, Liu J, Deng M, Zuo H, Li M. Emodin inhibits viability, proliferation and promotes apoptosis of hypoxic human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via targeting miR-244-5p/DEGS1 axis. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:252. [PMID: 34332565 PMCID: PMC8325255 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the effects of emodin on the viability, proliferation and apoptosis of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) under hypoxia and to explore the underling molecular mechanisms. METHODS PASMCs were cultured in a hypoxic environment (1% oxygen) and then treated with emodin. Cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using CCK-8 assay, EdU staining assay, western blot and Mito-tracker red CMXRos and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection assay. The microRNA (miRNA)/mRNA and protein expression levels were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. Based on transcriptomics and proteomics were used to identify potential signaling pathways. Luciferase reporter assay was utilized to examine the interaction between miR-244-5p and DEGS1. RESULTS Emodin at 40 and 160 µM concentration-dependently suppressed cell viability, proliferation and migration, but enhanced cell apoptosis of PASMCs under hypoxia. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis revealed that emodin could attenuate the activity of PI3K/Akt signaling in PASMCs under hypoxia. In addition, delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1 (DEGS1) was found to be a direct target of miR-244-5p. Emodin could significantly up-regulated miR-244-5p expression and down-regulated DEGS1 expression in PASMCs under hypoxia. Furthermore, emodin-mediated effects on cell viability, migration, apoptosis and PI3K/Akt signaling activity of PASMCs under hypoxia were significantly attenuated by miR-244-5p knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that emodin suppressed cell viability, proliferation and migration, promoted cell apoptosis of PASMCs under hypoxia via modulating miR-244-5p-mediated DEGS1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. MiR-244-5p/DEGS1 axis was initially investigated in this current study, which is expected to further the understanding of the etiology of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yi
- Special Medical Service Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282 China
| | - JunFang Liu
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282 China
| | - Ming Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.12, Langshan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057 Guangdong China
| | - Huihua Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NO.12, Langshan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518057 Guangdong China
| | - Mingyan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, NO. 250 Changgangdong Road, Guangzhou, 510260 Guangdong China
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14
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Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081892. [PMID: 34440661 PMCID: PMC8394897 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating condition of the pulmonary circulatory system that occurs in patients of all ages and if untreated, eventually leads to right heart failure and death. Despite existing medical treatment options that improve survival and quality of life, the disease remains incurable. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel therapies to treat this disease. Emerging evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in pulmonary vascular remodeling and PAH. LncRNAs are implicated in pulmonary arterial endothelial dysfunction by modulating endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis, endothelial mesenchymal transition, and metabolism. LncRNAs are also involved in inducing different pulmonary arterial vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypes, such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, regulation of the phenotypic switching, and cell cycle. LncRNAs are essential regulators of gene expression that affect various diseases at the chromatin, transcriptional, post-translational, and even post-translational levels. Here, we focus on the role of LncRNAs and their molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of PAH. We also discuss the current research challenge and potential biomarker and therapeutic potentials of lncRNAs in PAH.
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15
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Apicella C, Ruano CSM, Jacques S, Gascoin G, Méhats C, Vaiman D, Miralles F. Urothelial Cancer Associated 1 (UCA1) and miR-193 Are Two Non-coding RNAs Involved in Trophoblast Fusion and Placental Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:633937. [PMID: 34055770 PMCID: PMC8155540 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.633937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A bioinformatics screen for non-coding genes was performed from microarrays analyzing on the one hand trophoblast fusion in the BeWo cell model, and on the other hand, placental diseases (preeclampsia and Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction). Intersecting the deregulated genes allowed to identify two miRNA (mir193b and miR365a) and one long non-coding RNA (UCA1) that are pivotal for trophoblast fusion, and deregulated in placental diseases. We show that miR-193b is a hub for the down-regulation of 135 cell targets mainly involved in cell cycle progression and energy usage/nutrient transport. UCA1 was explored by siRNA knock-down in the BeWo cell model. We show that its down-regulation is associated with the deregulation of important trophoblast physiology genes, involved in differentiation, proliferation, oxidative stress, vacuolization, membrane repair and endocrine production. Overall, UCA1 knockdown leads to an incomplete gene expression profile modification of trophoblast cells when they are induced to fuse into syncytiotrophoblast. Then we performed the same type of analysis in cells overexpressing one of the two major isoforms of the STOX1 transcription factor, STOX1A and STOX1B (associated previously to impaired trophoblast fusion). We could show that when STOX1B is abundant, the effects of UCA1 down-regulation on forskolin response are alleviated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Apicella
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Camino S M Ruano
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Jacques
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Gascoin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche MITOVASC, Équipe Mitolab, CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Réanimation et Médecine Néonatales, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, France
| | - Céline Méhats
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Francisco Miralles
- Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104, CNRS, Paris, France
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16
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Lv Z, Jiang R, Hu X, Zhao Q, Sun Y, Wang L, Li J, Miao Y, Wu W, Yuan P. Dysregulated lncRNA TUG1 in different pulmonary artery cells under hypoxia. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:879. [PMID: 34164513 PMCID: PMC8184498 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background At present, the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is not fully understood. This study aimed to explore differences in the hypoxia-induced expression of lncRNAs and their potential role in multiple pulmonary artery cells. Methods LncRNA expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs), and pericytes (PCs) was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and compared between normoxic and hypoxic cells. Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to predict their functions. Results PASMCs, PMECs, and PCs displayed 275 (140 upregulated), 251 (162 upregulated), and 290 (176 upregulated) different lncRNAs, respectively. Among these, lncRNA TUG1 levels increased in PASMCs and PCs but decreased in PMECs. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that lncRNA TUG1 might target miR-145-5p, thereby affecting SOX4 and BMF expression, and could also regulate miR-129-5p levels to affect CYP1B1 and VCP expression. It could also regulate miR-138-5p levels to affect KCNK3 and RHOC expression. Conclusions Hypoxia exposure of vascular cells resulted in differential expression of lncRNAs, especially lncRNA TUG1, which showed significant abnormal expression in all three types of vascular cells under hypoxia. Our results suggested that abnormal expression of lncRNA TUG1 might be involved in the regulation of pulmonary vascular cell function under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchun Lv
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyi Hu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, the 903rd Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinhua Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinling Li
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- Institute of Bismuth Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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17
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Diao L, Zhang Q. Transfer of lncRNA UCA1 by hUCMSCs-derived exosomes protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through impairing miR-143-targeted degradation of Bcl-2. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:5967-5985. [PMID: 33591946 PMCID: PMC7950245 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia results in neuronal damage via alterations in gene transcription and protein expression. Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) are pivotal in the regulation of target protein expression in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). In this study, we observed the function of exosomes-carried lncRNA UCA1 in H/R-induced injury of cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). In H/R cell model, CMECs were co-cultured with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (hUCMSC-ex). The loss-of-function experiments were conducted to assess the effect of lncRNA UCA1 on H/R injury by assessing the biological behaviors of CMECs. The relationship among lncRNA UCA1, miR-143 and Bcl-2 were verified. An ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) rat model was established. Then hUCMSC-ex was injected into I/R rats to identify its effects on apoptosis and autophagy. Functional rescue experiments were performed to verify the sponge system. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that hUCMSC-ex protected I/R rats and H/R CMECs against injury. Silencing UCA1 in hUCMSC-ex or miR-143 overexpression aggravated H/R injury in CMECs. LncRNA UCA1 competitively bound to miR-143 to upregulate Bcl-2. And hUCMSCs-ex/si-UCA1+inhi-miR-143 treatment protected CMECs against H/R injury and inhibited hyperautophagy. Together, hUCMSC-ex-derived lncRNA UCA1 alleviates H/R injury through the miR-143/Bcl-2/Beclin-1 axis. Hence, this study highlights a stem cell-based approach against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Diao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, P.R. China
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18
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Epigenetic Targets for Oligonucleotide Therapies of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239222. [PMID: 33287230 PMCID: PMC7731052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial wall remodeling underlies increased pulmonary vascular resistance and right heart failure in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). None of the established vasodilator drug therapies for PAH prevents or reverse established arterial wall thickening, stiffening, and hypercontractility. Therefore, new approaches are needed to achieve long-acting prevention and reversal of occlusive pulmonary vascular remodeling. Several promising new drug classes are emerging from a better understanding of pulmonary vascular gene expression programs. In this review, potential epigenetic targets for small molecules and oligonucleotides will be described. Most are in preclinical studies aimed at modifying the growth of vascular wall cells in vitro or normalizing vascular remodeling in PAH animal models. Initial success with lung-directed delivery of oligonucleotides targeting microRNAs suggests other epigenetic mechanisms might also be suitable drug targets. Those targets include DNA methylation, proteins of the chromatin remodeling machinery, and long noncoding RNAs, all of which act as epigenetic regulators of vascular wall structure and function. The progress in testing small molecules and oligonucleotide-based drugs in PAH models is summarized.
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19
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Swietlik EM, Prapa M, Martin JM, Pandya D, Auckland K, Morrell NW, Gräf S. 'There and Back Again'-Forward Genetics and Reverse Phenotyping in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1408. [PMID: 33256119 PMCID: PMC7760524 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the invention of right heart catheterisation in the 1950s enabled accurate clinical diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), it was not until 2000 when the landmark discovery of the causative role of bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2) mutations shed new light on the pathogenesis of PAH. Since then several genes have been discovered, which now account for around 25% of cases with the clinical diagnosis of idiopathic PAH. Despite the ongoing efforts, in the majority of patients the cause of the disease remains elusive, a phenomenon often referred to as "missing heritability". In this review, we discuss research approaches to uncover the genetic architecture of PAH starting with forward phenotyping, which in a research setting should focus on stable intermediate phenotypes, forward and reverse genetics, and finally reverse phenotyping. We then discuss potential sources of "missing heritability" and how functional genomics and multi-omics methods are employed to tackle this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia M. Swietlik
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (E.M.S.); (M.P.); (J.M.M.); (D.P.); (K.A.); (N.W.M.)
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0AY, UK
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Matina Prapa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (E.M.S.); (M.P.); (J.M.M.); (D.P.); (K.A.); (N.W.M.)
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jennifer M. Martin
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (E.M.S.); (M.P.); (J.M.M.); (D.P.); (K.A.); (N.W.M.)
| | - Divya Pandya
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (E.M.S.); (M.P.); (J.M.M.); (D.P.); (K.A.); (N.W.M.)
| | - Kathryn Auckland
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (E.M.S.); (M.P.); (J.M.M.); (D.P.); (K.A.); (N.W.M.)
| | - Nicholas W. Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (E.M.S.); (M.P.); (J.M.M.); (D.P.); (K.A.); (N.W.M.)
- Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0AY, UK
- Addenbrooke’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (E.M.S.); (M.P.); (J.M.M.); (D.P.); (K.A.); (N.W.M.)
- NIHR BioResource for Translational Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
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Qin Y, Yan G, Qiao Y, Wang D, Luo E, Hou J, Tang C. Emerging role of long non-coding RNAs in pulmonary hypertension and their molecular mechanisms (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:164. [PMID: 33093902 PMCID: PMC7571311 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening cardiopulmonary condition caused by several pathogenic factors. All types of PH are characterized by the excessive proliferation of pulmonary artery endothelial cells and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, apoptosis resistance, pulmonary vascular remodeling, sustained elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, right heart failure and even death. Over the past decade, next generation sequencing, particularly RNA-sequencing, has identified some long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that may act as regulators of cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Studies have shown that lncRNAs are closely associated with the development of several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. In addition, a number of studies have reported that lncRNAs, including maternally expressed gene 3, metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1, taurine upregulated 1 and cancer susceptibility candidate 2, serve important roles in the pathogenesis of PH. Despite the development of novel drug treatments, the mortality rate of PH remains high with no evident downward trend. Therefore, certain lncRNAs may be considered as therapeutic targets for the treatment of incurable PH. The present review summarizes the latest research on lncRNAs and PH, aiming to briefly describe PH-associated lncRNAs and their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Gaoliang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yong Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Erfei Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jiantong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Chengchun Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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21
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Yang B, Liang RS, Wu XY, Lin YJ. LncRNA TUG1 inhibits neuronal apoptosis in status epilepticus rats via targeting the miR-421/mTOR axis. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109787. [PMID: 33007387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Status epilepticus (SE) induces apoptosis of hippocampal neurons. However, the underlying mechanism in SE is not fully understood. Recently, lncRNA TUG1 is reported as a significant mediator in neuronal development. In present study, we aimed to investigate whether lncRNA TUG1 induces apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in SE rat models. TUG1 expression in serum of normal volunteers and SE patients, SE rats and neurons with epileptiform discharge was detected. SE rat model was established and intervened with TUG1 to evaluate hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. The experiments in vitro were further performed in neurons with epileptiform discharge to verify the effects of TUG1 on neuronal apoptosis of SE rats. The downstream mechanism of TUG1 was predicted and verified. miR-421 was intervened to perform the rescue experiments. Levels of oxidative stress and inflammation-related factors and mTOR pathway-related proteins in SE rats and hippocampal neurons were detected. TUG1 was highly expressed in serum of SE patients, SE rats and neurons with epileptiform discharge. Inhibition of TUG1 relieved pathological injury, oxidative stress and inflammation and reduced neuronal apoptosis in SE rats, which were further verified in hippocampal neurons. TUG1 upregulated TIMP2 expression by targeting miR-421. Overexpressed miR-421 inhibited hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. TUG1 knockout inactivated the mTOR pathway via the miR-421/TIMP2 axis to relieve neuronal apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation in SE rats and hippocampal neurons. Taken together, these findings showed that downregulation of lncRNA TUG1 inhibited apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in SE rats, and attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation damage through regulating the miR-421/mTOR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ri-Sheng Liang
- Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Xi-Yao Wu
- Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yao-Jing Lin
- Affiliated Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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22
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MiRNAs, lncRNAs, and circular RNAs as mediators in hypertension-related vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction. Hypertens Res 2020; 44:129-146. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-00553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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He X, Zheng J, He Y, Wang Y, Wang L, Bai M, Jin T, Yuan D. Long Non-coding RNA LINC-PINT and LINC00599 Polymorphisms are Associated With High-altitude Pulmonary Edema in Chinese. Arch Bronconeumol 2020; 56:360-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2019.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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24
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Zhang H, Brown RD, Stenmark KR, Hu CJ. RNA-Binding Proteins in Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113757. [PMID: 32466553 PMCID: PMC7312837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by significant vascular remodeling and aberrant expression of genes involved in inflammation, apoptosis resistance, proliferation, and metabolism. Effective therapeutic strategies are limited, as mechanisms underlying PH pathophysiology, especially abnormal expression of genes, remain unclear. Most PH studies on gene expression have focused on gene transcription. However, post-transcriptional alterations have been shown to play a critical role in inflammation and metabolic changes in diseases such as cancer and systemic cardiovascular diseases. In these diseases, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been recognized as important regulators of aberrant gene expression via post-transcriptional regulation; however, their role in PH is less clear. Identifying RBPs in PH is of great importance to better understand PH pathophysiology and to identify new targets for PH treatment. In this manuscript, we review the current knowledge on the role of dysregulated RBPs in abnormal mRNA gene expression as well as aberrant non-coding RNA processing and expression (e.g., miRNAs) in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.); (R.D.B.); (K.R.S.)
| | - R. Dale Brown
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.); (R.D.B.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.); (R.D.B.); (K.R.S.)
| | - Cheng-Jun Hu
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (H.Z.); (R.D.B.); (K.R.S.)
- Department of Craniofacial Biology School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-724-4576; Fax: +1-303-724-4580
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Dong Z, Liu H, Zhao G. Long Noncoding RNA SNHG6 Promotes Proliferation and Inhibits Apoptosis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by Regulating miR-490-3p/RSF1 Axis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:351-361. [PMID: 32202941 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant cancer type and has developed into the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) has been identified as an oncogene in multiple cancers. However, the functions of SNHG6 in tumorigenesis and progression of NSCLC are still poorly understood. Materials and Methods: The expression of SNHG6, miR-490-3p, and remodeling and spacing factor 1 (RSF1) in NSCLC tumors and cells was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The correlation between miR-490-3p and SNHG6 or RSF1 was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Luciferase reporter assay was employed for verifying the interaction between miR-490-3p and SNHG6 or RSF1. Cell viability was examined by 3-(4, 5)-dimethylthiazole-2-y1)-2, 5-biphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry and Western blot, respectively. Protein expression of RSF1, Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 (cleaved casp-3) was detected by Western blot assay. Xenograft mice models were established by subcutaneously injecting H460 cells stably transfected with sh-SNHG6 and sh-NC. Results: SNHG6 and RSF1 expression were upregulated, whereas miR-490-3p was downregulated in NSCLC tumors and cell lines compared with normal tissues and cells. Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis indicated that miR-490-3p was correlated with SNHG6 and RSF1 inversely. Then, luciferase reporter assay confirmed the interaction between miR-490-3p and SNHG6 or RSF1. More importantly, the rescue experiments clarified that miR-490-3p inhibitor could relieve SNHG6 silencing-mediated inhibition on proliferation and promotion on apoptosis in NSCLC. In addition, the authors discovered that SNHG6 promoted cell progression by regulating miR-490-3p/RSF1 axis. However, SNHG6 knockdown hindered tumor growth in vivo by regulating RSF1 by targeting miR-490-3p. Conclusion: The authors demonstrated that SNHG6 promoted proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in NSCLC by regulating miR-490-3p/RSF1 axis, representing promising targeted therapeutic strategies against NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Honglai Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Yishui County People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Guangli Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Lanling People's Hospital, Linyi, China
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Han Y, Liu Y, Yang C, Gao C, Guo X, Cheng J. LncRNA CASC2 inhibits hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration by regulating the miR-222/ING5 axis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:21. [PMID: 32206065 PMCID: PMC7079380 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-00215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is often characterized by cell proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). LncRNA cancer susceptibility candidate 2 (CASC2) has been revealed to be involved in PASMC injury in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. However, the exact molecular mechanisms whereby CASC2 regulates PASMC proliferation and migration are still incompletely understood. Methods The expression levels of CASC2, miR-222 and inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) were measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) or western blot, respectively. Cell proliferation was analyzed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Wound healing assay was used to analyze cell migration ability. The relationship between miR-222 and CASC2 or ING5 was confirmed using bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay. Results CASC2 was down-regulated in hypoxia-induced PASMCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Functional experiments showed that CASC2 overexpression could reverse hypoxia-induced proliferation and migration of PASMCs. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that CASC2 acted as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-222, thereby regulating the expression of ING5, the downstream target of miR-222, in PASMCs. In addition, rescue assay suggested that the inhibition mediated by CASC2 of hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation and migration could be attenuated by miR-222 inhibition or ING5 overexpression. Conclusion CASC2 attenuated hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation and migration by regulating the miR-222/ING5 axis to prevent vascular remodeling and the development of PAH, providing a novel insight and therapeutic strategy for hypoxia-induced PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Han
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Huazhongfuwai Hospital, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui area, Zhengzhou City, Henan P.R. China
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Huazhongfuwai Hospital, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui area, Zhengzhou City, Henan P.R. China
| | - Chaokuan Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Huazhongfuwai Hospital, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui area, Zhengzhou City, Henan P.R. China
| | - Chuanyu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Huazhongfuwai Hospital, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui area, Zhengzhou City, Henan P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Huazhongfuwai Hospital, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui area, Zhengzhou City, Henan P.R. China
| | - Jiangtao Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Huazhongfuwai Hospital, No. 7, Weiwu Road, Jinshui area, Zhengzhou City, Henan P.R. China
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Zahid KR, Raza U, Chen J, Raj UJ, Gou D. Pathobiology of pulmonary artery hypertension: role of long non-coding RNAs. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:1937-1947. [PMID: 32109276 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease with complex pathobiology, significant morbidity and mortality, and remains without a cure. It is characterized by vascular remodelling associated with uncontrolled proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, endothelial cell proliferation and dysfunction, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, leading to narrowing of the vascular lumen, increased vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure, which inevitably results in right heart failure and death. There are multiple molecules and signalling pathways that are involved in the vascular remodelling, including non-coding RNAs, i.e. microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). It is only in recent years that the role of lncRNAs in the pathobiology of pulmonary vascular remodelling and right ventricular dysfunction is being vigorously investigated. In this review, we have summarized the current state of knowledge about the role of lncRNAs as key drivers and gatekeepers in regulating major cellular and molecular trafficking involved in the pathogenesis of PAH. In addition, we have discussed the limitations and challenges in translating lncRNA research in vivo and in therapeutic applications of lncRNAs in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Rafiq Zahid
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices, Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Umar Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Khadim Abid Majeed Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Jidong Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Usha J Raj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deming Gou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
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Long noncoding RNAs as novel players in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Hypertens Res 2020; 43:597-608. [PMID: 32020084 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-0408-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-(protein)-coding RNAs longer than ~200 nucleotides and have been reported to be involved in multiple human diseases by regulating gene expression. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that lncRNAs are also widely implicated in mechanisms of hypertension, including regulation of the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of VSMCs; the production of iNOS and NO; and the angiogenic function of endothelial cells. Several lncRNAs were also differentially expressed in the renal and cardiac tissues of hypertensive rats and even in placental samples from preeclampsia patients. In particular, several circulating lncRNAs have been identified as novel biomarkers of hypertension. In this review, we summarize the current studies of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of hypertension in order to aid in better understanding the molecular mechanism of hypertension and provide a basis to explore new therapeutic targets.
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Bisserier M, Janostiak R, Lezoualc'h F, Hadri L. Targeting epigenetic mechanisms as an emerging therapeutic strategy in pulmonary hypertension disease. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 2:R17-R34. [PMID: 32161845 PMCID: PMC7065685 DOI: 10.1530/vb-19-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a multifactorial cardiopulmonary disease characterized by an elevation of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which can lead to right ventricular (RV) failure, multi-organ dysfunction, and ultimately to premature death. Despite the advances in molecular biology, the mechanisms underlying pulmonary hypertension (PH) remain unclear. Nowadays, there is no curative treatment for treating PH. Therefore, it is crucial to identify novel, specific therapeutic targets and to offer more effective treatments against the progression of PH. Increasing amounts of evidence suggest that epigenetic modification may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of PAH. In the presented paper, we provide an overview of the epigenetic mechanisms specifically, DNA methylation, histone acetylation, histone methylation, and ncRNAs. As the recent identification of new pharmacological drugs targeting these epigenetic mechanisms has opened new therapeutic avenues, we also discuss the importance of epigenetic-based therapies in the context of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Bisserier
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Radoslav Janostiak
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Frank Lezoualc'h
- Inserm, UMR-1048, Institut des Maladies Metaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, University of Toulouse, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Lahouaria Hadri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Zhang H, Zhou J, Zhang M, Yi Y, He B. Upregulation of miR-376c-3p alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced cell injury by targeting ING5. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:67. [PMID: 31844418 PMCID: PMC6894250 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The expression level of miR-376c-3p is significantly lower in infants with neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) than in healthy infants. However, the biological function of this microRNA remains largely elusive. Methods We used PC-12 and SH-SY5Y cells to establish an oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) cell injury model to mimic HIE in vitro. The miR-376c-3p expression levels were measured using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were utilized to evaluate OGD-induced cell injury. The association between miR-376c-3p and inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) was validated using the luciferase reporter assay. Western blotting was conducted to determine the protein expression of CDK4, cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and Bax. Results MiR-376c-3p was significantly downregulated in the OGD-induced cell injury model. Its overexpression elevated cell viability and impaired cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in PC-12 and SH-SY5Y cells after OGD. Downregulation of miR-376c-3p gave the opposite results. We further demonstrated that ING5 was a negatively regulated target gene of miR-376c-3p. Importantly, ING5 knockdown had a similar effect to miR-376c-3p-mediated protective effects against cell injury induced by OGD. Its overexpression abolished these protective effects. Conclusion Our data suggest that miR-376c-3p downregulated ING5 to exert protective effects against OGD-induced cell injury in PC-12 and SH-SY5Y cells. This might represent a novel therapeutic approach for neonatal HIE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, 430060 China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, 430060 China
| | - Mingxia Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, 430060 China
| | - Yanjie Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, 430060 China
| | - Bing He
- Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, 430060 China
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Zhang Y, Wu M, Cao Y, Guo F, Li Y. Linking lncRNAs to regulation, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019:1-15. [PMID: 31738606 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1688760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a syndrome characterized by a persistent increase in pulmonary vascular resistance. Due to the lack of specificity in clinical manifestations, patients are usually diagnosed at the late stage of PH, which is hard to treat and often causes right heart failure and death. Furthermore, the regulation and pathogenesis of PH remain obscure. Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a type of transcript longer than 200 nt that lacks protein-coding ability, have been found to substantially influence the incidence and progression of various diseases through regulating gene expression at the chromatin, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and even post-translational levels. The crucial roles of lncRNAs in PH have started to draw widespread attention. This review summarizes the regulatory, pathogenic, and diagnostic roles of lncRNAs in PH, in the hope to facilitate the search for early diagnostic markers of and effective therapeutic targets for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology & Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Mianmian Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology & Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunshan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology & Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yahong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, School of Optometry and Ophthalmology & Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Amela Jusic
- From the Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina (A.J.)
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health (Y.D.)
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