1
|
Caro-Astorga J, Meyerowitz JT, Stork DA, Nattermann U, Piszkiewicz S, Vimercati L, Schwendner P, Hocher A, Cockell C, DeBenedictis E. Polyextremophile engineering: a review of organisms that push the limits of life. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1341701. [PMID: 38903795 PMCID: PMC11188471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1341701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nature exhibits an enormous diversity of organisms that thrive in extreme environments. From snow algae that reproduce at sub-zero temperatures to radiotrophic fungi that thrive in nuclear radiation at Chernobyl, extreme organisms raise many questions about the limits of life. Is there any environment where life could not "find a way"? Although many individual extremophilic organisms have been identified and studied, there remain outstanding questions about the limits of life and the extent to which extreme properties can be enhanced, combined or transferred to new organisms. In this review, we compile the current knowledge on the bioengineering of extremophile microbes. We summarize what is known about the basic mechanisms of extreme adaptations, compile synthetic biology's efforts to engineer extremophile organisms beyond what is found in nature, and highlight which adaptations can be combined. The basic science of extremophiles can be applied to engineered organisms tailored to specific biomanufacturing needs, such as growth in high temperatures or in the presence of unusual solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Devon A. Stork
- Pioneer Research Laboratories, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Una Nattermann
- Pioneer Research Laboratories, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Lara Vimercati
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
| | | | - Antoine Hocher
- London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Cockell
- UK Centre for Astrobiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Erika DeBenedictis
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Pioneer Research Laboratories, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zamree ND, Puasa NA, Lim ZS, Wong CY, Shaharuddin NA, Zakaria NN, Merican F, Convey P, Ahmad S, Shaari H, Azmi AA, Ahmad SA, Zulkharnain A. The Utilisation of Antarctic Microalgae Isolated from Paradise Bay (Antarctic Peninsula) in the Bioremediation of Diesel. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2536. [PMID: 37447097 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Research has confirmed that the utilisation of Antarctic microorganisms, such as bacteria, yeasts and fungi, in the bioremediation of diesel may provide practical alternative approaches. However, to date there has been very little attention towards Antarctic microalgae as potential hydrocarbon degraders. Therefore, this study focused on the utilisation of an Antarctic microalga in the bioremediation of diesel. The studied microalgal strain was originally obtained from a freshwater ecosystem in Paradise Bay, western Antarctic Peninsula. When analysed in systems with and without aeration, this microalgal strain achieved a higher growth rate under aeration. To maintain the growth of this microalga optimally, a conventional one-factor-at a-time (OFAT) analysis was also conducted. Based on the optimized parameters, algal growth and diesel degradation performance was highest at pH 7.5 with 0.5 mg/L NaCl concentration and 0.5 g/L of NaNO3 as a nitrogen source. This currently unidentified microalga flourished in the presence of diesel, with maximum algal cell numbers on day 7 of incubation in the presence of 1% v/v diesel. Chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid contents of the culture were greatest on day 9 of incubation. The diesel degradation achieved was 64.5% of the original concentration after 9 days. Gas chromatography analysis showed the complete mineralisation of C7-C13 hydrocarbon chains. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed that strain WCY_AQ5_3 fully degraded the hydrocarbon with bioabsorption of the products. Morphological and molecular analyses suggested that this spherical, single-celled green microalga was a member of the genus Micractinium. The data obtained confirm that this microalga is a suitable candidate for further research into the degradation of diesel in Antarctica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Diyanah Zamree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Aini Puasa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zheng Syuen Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chiew-Yen Wong
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Azmi Shaharuddin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Nadhirah Zakaria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faradina Merican
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa 7750000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Syahida Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasrizal Shaari
- School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Alyza Azzura Azmi
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aqlima Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Bioresource Management, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azham Zulkharnain
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minumaku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim JH, Park EJ, Choi JI. Overexpression of putative glutathione peroxidase from Neopyropia-associated microorganisms in Chlamydomonas to respond to abiotic stress. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:163. [PMID: 37010660 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03507-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in microalgae can be substantially enhanced by exposing the microalgae to abiotic stress, thus increasing biofuel production. However, this also generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which disrupts cell metabolism and reduces their productivity. Previous mRNA sequencing analyses in Neopyropia yezoensis and its associated microorganisms elucidated a putative glutathione peroxidase (PuGPx) gene. Here, this putative glutathione peroxidase was overexpressed in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which increased cell growth and survival rates compared to the control group under abiotic stress. Additionally, increased lipid accumulation was observed under salinity stress, high-temperature stress, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress. These results suggest that PuGPx plays a protective role against abiotic stress in C. reinhardtii and stimulates lipid accumulation, which could be considered advantageous in terms of biofuel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyeon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Park
- Aquatic Plant Variety Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Mokpo, 58746, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Windler M, Stuart R, Deutzmann JS, Mayali X, Navid A, D'haeseleer P, Marcu OE, Lipton M, Nicora C, Spormann AM. Bacterial exometabolites influence Chlamydomonas cell cycle and double algal productivity. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6670776. [PMID: 35977399 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Algal-bacterial interactions provide clues to algal physiology, but mutualistic interactions are complicated by dynamic exchange. We characterized the response of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to the presence of a putative alga-benefitting commensal bacterium (Arthrobacter strain 'P2b'). Co-cultivation promoted chlorophyll content, biomass, average cell size, and number of dividing cells, relative to axenic cultures. Addition of bacterial spent medium (whole, size-fractionated and heat-treated) had similar effects, indicating P2b does not require algal interaction to promote growth. Nutrients and pH were excluded as putative effectors, collectively indicating a commensal interaction mediated by Arthrobacter-released small exometabolite(s). Proteogenomic comparison revealed similar response to co-cultivation and spent media, including differential cell cycle regulation, extensive downregulation of flagellar genes and histones, carbonic anhydrase and RubisCO downregulation, upregulation of some chlorophyll, amino acid and carbohydrate biosynthesis genes, and changes to redox and Fe homeostasis. Further, Arthrobacter protein expression indicated some highly expressed putative secondary metabolites. Together, these results revealed that low molecular weight bacterial metabolites can elicit major physiological changes in algal cell cycle regulation, perhaps through a more productive G1 phase, that lead to substantial increases in photosynthetically-produced biomass. This work illustrates that model commensal interactions can be used to shed light on algal response to stimulating bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Windler
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, United States
| | - Rhona Stuart
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, United States
| | - Joerg S Deutzmann
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, United States
| | - Xavier Mayali
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, United States
| | - Ali Navid
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, United States
| | - Patrik D'haeseleer
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, United States
| | - Oana E Marcu
- SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, United States
| | - Mary Lipton
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, United States
| | - Carrie Nicora
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratories, United States
| | - Alfred M Spormann
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Melero-Jiménez IJ, Bañares-España E, García-Sánchez MJ, Flores-Moya A. Changes in the growth rate of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under long-term selection by temperature and salinity: Acclimation vs. evolution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153467. [PMID: 35093356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the roles of acclimation and different components involved in evolution (adaptation, chance and history) on the changes in the growth rate of the model freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii P. A. Dang. exposed to selective temperature and salinity. Three C. reinhardtii strains previously grown during one year in freshwater medium and 20 °C were exposed to 5 °C temperature increase and a salinity of 5 g L-1 NaCl. Cultures under each selective scenario and in combination (increase of salinity and temperature), were propagated until growth rate achieved an invariant mean value for 6 months (100-350 generations, varying as a function of scenario and strain). The changes of the growth rate under increased temperature were due to both adaptation and acclimation, as well as history. However, acclimation was the only mechanism detected under salinity increase as well as in the selective scenario of both temperature and salinity, suggesting that genetic variability would not allow survival at salinity higher than that to which experimental populations were exposed. Therefore, it could be hypothesized that under a global change scenario an increase in salinity would be a greater challenge than warming for some freshwater phytoplankton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio J Melero-Jiménez
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - Elena Bañares-España
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - María J García-Sánchez
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Flores-Moya
- Departamento de Botánica y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rathod JP, Vira C, Lali AM, Prakash G. Heterologous mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase gene over-expression in Parachlorella kessleri for enhanced microalgal biomass productivity. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:38. [PMID: 35226194 PMCID: PMC8885943 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Microalgae have tremendous potential in CO2 sequestration, bioenergy, biofuels, wastewater treatment, and high-value metabolites production. However, large-scale production of microalgae is hampered due to photo-inhibition in outdoor cultivation. Mannitol, as an osmolyte, is known to relieve the stress produced under different abiotic stress conditions during the growth of a photosynthetic organism. Results In the present study, Mannitol-1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (Mt1D) was over-expressed to study the effect of mannitol over-production in Parachlorella kessleri under high-light induced stress. Over-expression of Mt1D led to 65% increased mannitol content in the transformed P. kessleri compared to that of wild type. Mannitol transformant demonstrated > 20-fold reduction in reactive oxygen species generation and 15% higher biomass productivity when grown in outdoor cultivation with high-light irradiance of 1200 μmol photons m−2 s−1. Conclusions The current study establishes that a higher mannitol concentration provides stress shielding and leads to better acclimatization of transgenic microalgae against high-light generated stress. It also led to reduced ROS generation and improved growth of microalga under study. Thus, overexpression of the Mt1D gene in microalgae can be a suitable strategy to combat high-light stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Pralhad Rathod
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India.,ADT's Shardabai Pawar Mahila Arts, Commerce & Science College, Baramati, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chaitali Vira
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Arvind M Lali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Gunjan Prakash
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abu-Ghosh S, Iluz D, Dubinsky Z, Miller G. Exogenous Abscisic Acid Confers Salinity Tolerance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii During Its Life Cycle. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1323-1334. [PMID: 33963561 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) coordinates responses to environmental signals with developmental changes and is important for stress resilience and crop yield. However, fundamental questions remain about how this phytohormone affects microalgal growth and stress regulation throughout the different stages of their life cycle. In this study, the effects of ABA on the physiology of the freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at its different life cycle stages were investigated. Exogenously added ABA enhanced the growth and photosynthesis of C. reinhardtii during the vegetative stage. The hormone also increased the tolerance of this alga to high-salinity stress during gamete formation under nutrient depletion, as well as it extended their survival. We show that the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the ABA-treated cells was significantly less than that in the untreated cells under inhibiting NaCl concentrations. Cell size examination showed that ABA prevents cells from forming palmella when exposed to high salinity. All together, these results suggest that ABA can support the vitality and survival of C. reinhardtii under high salt conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Said Abu-Ghosh
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - David Iluz
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
- Environmental Sciences and Agriculture, Beit Berl Academic College, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Deptartment of science, Talpiot Academic College, Holon, Israel
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Gad Miller
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
La Porta CAM, Fumagalli MR, Gomarasca S, Lionetti MC, Zapperi S, Bocchi S. Synergistic effects of contaminants in Lombardy waters. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13888. [PMID: 34230554 PMCID: PMC8260714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93321-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying synergistic environmental effects in water contamination is still an open issue. Here, we have analyzed geolocalized data of pollutants recorded in 2018 in surface and groundwater of Lombardy, one of the areas with the highest agricultural production rates, not only in Italy, but also in Europe. Both herbicides and insecticides are present at concentration levels above the legal limit, mainly in surface waters. Geolocalized analysis allows us to identify interesting areas particularly affected by a combination of multiple pesticides. We thus investigated possible synergistic effects of these compounds on the environment, using the alga C. reinhardtii as a biosensor. Our results show that exposure for 7 days to four compounds, that we found present together at high concentration in surface waters, was able to induce a stress in the algae, as indicated by the presence of palmelloids. Our work results in a pipeline that could easily be exported to monitor other territories in Italy and abroad.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina A M La Porta
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Maria Rita Fumagalli
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.,CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Gomarasca
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Lionetti
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Zapperi
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Department of Physics, University of Milan, Via Celoria 16, 20133, Milan, Italy.,CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Bocchi
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Ves-Urai P, Krobthong S, Thongsuk K, Roytrakul S, Yokthongwattana C. Comparative secretome analysis between salinity-tolerant and control Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains. PLANTA 2021; 253:68. [PMID: 33594587 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Secretome analysis of a salt-tolerant and control Chlamydomonas reinhardtii revealed 514 differentially expressed proteins. Membrane transport and trafficking, signal transduction and channel proteins were up-regulated in the ST secretome. Salinity is a major abiotic stress that limits crop production worldwide. Multiple adverse effects have been reported in many living organisms exposed to high-saline concentrations. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is known for secreting proteins in response to many environmental stresses. A salinity-tolerant (ST) strain of Chlamydomonas has been developed, whose cells were able to grow at 300 mM NaCl. The current study analyzed the secretomes of ST grown in TAP medium supplemented with 300 mM NaCl and the laboratory strain CC-503 grown in TAP medium without NaCl supplement. In total, 514 secreted proteins were identified of which 203 were up-regulated and 110 were down-regulated. Bioinformatic analysis predicted 168 proteins to be secreted or in the conventional secretory pathway. Out of these, 70 were up-regulated, while 51 proteins were down-regulated. Proteins involved in membrane transport and trafficking, signal transduction and channel proteins were altered in their expression in the ST secretome, suggesting the response of saline stress acts toward not only the intracellular pool of proteins but also the extracellular proteins. This also suggested that the secreted proteins might have roles in the extracellular space. Signal peptide (SP) prediction revealed that almost 40% of the predicted secreted proteins contained a signal peptide; however, a high proportion of proteins lacked an SP, suggesting that these proteins might be secreted through an unconventional protein secretion pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parthompong Ves-Urai
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetic Engineering, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sucheewin Krobthong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Karnpitcha Thongsuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Chotika Yokthongwattana
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Rd., Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Harshkova D, Majewska M, Pokora W, Baścik-Remisiewicz A, Tułodziecki S, Aksmann A. Diclofenac and atrazine restrict the growth of a synchronous Chlamydomonas reinhardtii population via various mechanisms. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 230:105698. [PMID: 33307391 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) is commonly found in freshwater bodies and can have adverse effects on non-target organisms. Among the studies on DCF toxicity, several ones have reported its harmful effects on plants and algae. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of DCF toxicity towards green algae, we used a synchronous Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cc-1690 culture and compared DCF (135 mg/L) effects with effects caused by atrazine (ATR; 77.6 μg/L), an herbicide with a well-known mechanism of toxic action. To achieve our goal, cell number and size, photosynthetic oxygen consumption/evolution, chlorophyll a fluorescence in vivo, H2O2 production by the cells, antioxidative enzymes encoding genes expression were analyzed during light phase of the cell cycle. We have found, that DCF and ATR affect C. reinhardtii through different mechanisms. ATR inhibited the photosynthetic electron transport chain and induced oxidative stress in chloroplast. Such chloroplastic energetics disruption indirectly influenced respiration, the intensification of which could partially mitigate low efficiency of photosynthetic energy production. As a result, ATR inhibited the growth of single cell leading to limitation in C. reinhardtii population development. In contrast to ATR-treated algae, in DCF-treated cells the fraction of active PSII reaction centers was diminished without drastic changes in electron transport or oxidative stress symptoms in chloroplast. However, significant increase in transcript level of gene encoding for mitochondria-located catalase indicates respiratory processes as a source of H2O2 overproduced in the DCF-treated cells. Because the single cell growth was not strongly affected by DCF, its adverse effect on progeny cell number seemed to be related rather to arresting of cell divisions. Concluding, although the DCF phytotoxic action appeared to be different from the action of the typical herbicide ATR, it can act as algal growth-inhibiting factor in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darya Harshkova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Majewska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pokora
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Baścik-Remisiewicz
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Szymon Tułodziecki
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Aksmann
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Achievements and challenges of genetic engineering of the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
13
|
Lee JW, Lee SH, Han JW, Kim GH. Early Light-Inducible Protein (ELIP) Can Enhance Resistance to Cold-Induced Photooxidative Stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1083. [PMID: 32982798 PMCID: PMC7478268 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold weather is one of the biggest challenges in establishing a large-scale microalgae culture facility in temperate regions. In order to develop a strain that is resistant to low temperatures and still maintains high photosynthetic efficiency, transgenic studies have been conducted targeting many genes. Early light-inducible proteins (ELIPs) located in thylakoid membranes are known to protect photosynthetic machinery from various environmental stresses in higher plants. An ELIP homolog was identified from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and named ELIP3. The role of the gene was analyzed in terms of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation under cold stress. Western blot results showed a significant accumulation of ELIP3 when the cells were exposed to cold stress (4°C). High light stress alone did not induce the accumulation of the protein. Enhanced expression of ELIP3 helped survival of the cell under photo-oxidative stress. The influx of CO2 to the photobioreactor induced strong accumulation of ELIP3, and enhanced survival of the cell under high light and cold stress. When the oxidative stress was reduced by adding a ROS quencher, TEMPOL, to the media the expression of ELIP3 was reduced. A knockdown mutant showed much lower photosynthetic efficiency than wild type in low temperature, and died rapidly when it was exposed to high light and cold stress. The overexpression mutant survived significantly longer in the same conditions. Interestingly, knockdown mutants showed negative phototaxis, while the overexpression mutant showed positive phototaxis. These results suggest that ELIP3 may be involved in the regulation of the redox state of the cell and takes important role in protecting the photosystem under photooxidative stress in low temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Woong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Kongju, South Korea
| | - Seung Hi Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Kongju, South Korea
| | - Jong Won Han
- Department of Applied Bioresource Science, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, South Korea
| | - Gwang Hoon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Kongju, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Salinity Stress Responses and Adaptation Mechanisms in Eukaryotic Green Microalgae. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121657. [PMID: 31861232 PMCID: PMC6952985 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
High salinity is a challenging environmental stress for organisms to overcome. Unicellular photosynthetic microalgae are especially vulnerable as they have to grapple not only with ionic imbalance and osmotic stress but also with the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) interfering with photosynthesis. This review attempts to compare and contrast mechanisms that algae, particularly the eukaryotic Chlamydomonas microalgae, exhibit in order to immediately respond to harsh conditions caused by high salinity. The review also collates adaptation mechanisms of freshwater algae strains under persistent high salt conditions. Understanding both short-term and long-term algal responses to high salinity is integral to further fundamental research in algal biology and biotechnology.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li L, Peng H, Tan S, Zhou J, Fang Z, Hu Z, Gao L, Li T, Zhang W, Chen L. Effects of early cold stress on gene expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Genomics 2019; 112:1128-1138. [PMID: 31251979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cold stress imposes a great impact on the growth of nearly all photosynthetic organisms, including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii). Despite prior studies on the mechanism of stress acclimation in plants, little has been done on the early events of cold sensing in C. reinhardtii. Here, we used C. reinhardtii as a model to study early events of cold signal transduction. By analyzing transcriptomic changes of C. reinhardtii exposed to cold, we found that 3471 genes were differentially expressed after 1 h of cold exposure. These genes were associated with a wide range of biological events and processes such as protein synthesis, cell cycle and protein kinase-based phosphorylation. Besides, the promoter of one gene (named as crAP2) which belongs to AP2/EREBP family and was significantly induced by cold was cloned, and functional analysis was conducted using GUS activity analysis through Agrobacterium-mediated transient assay in tobacco leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lun Li
- The Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Hai Peng
- The Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Shenglong Tan
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Junfei Zhou
- The Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- The Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Zhangfeng Hu
- The Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Lifen Gao
- The Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- The Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Weixiong Zhang
- The Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 36130, USA.
| | - Lihong Chen
- The Institute for Systems Biology, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao L, Chen C, Wang Y, Shen J, Ding Z. Conserved MicroRNA Act Boldly During Sprout Development and Quality Formation in Pingyang Tezaocha ( Camellia sinensis). Front Genet 2019; 10:237. [PMID: 31001312 PMCID: PMC6455055 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tea tree [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] is an important leaf (sometimes tender stem)-using commercial plant with many medicinal uses. The development of newly sprouts would directly affect the yield and quality of tea product, especially significant for Pingyang Tezaocha (PYTZ) which takes up a large percent in the early spring tea market. MicroRNA (miRNA), particularly the conserved miRNAs, often position in the center of subtle and complex gene regulatory systems, precisely control the biological processes together with other factors in a spatio-temporal pattern. Here, quality-determined metabolites catechins, theanine and caffeine in PYTZ sprouts including buds (sBud), different development stages of leaves (sL1, sL2) and stems (sS1, sS2) were quantified. A total of 15 miRNA libraries of the same tissue with three repetitions for each were constructed to explore vital miRNAs during the biological processes of development and quality formation. We analyzed the whole miRNA profiles during the sprout development and defined conserved miRNA families in the tea plant. The differentially expressed miRNAs related to the expression profiles buds, leaves, and stems development stages were described. Twenty one miRNAs and eight miRNA-TF pairs that most likely to participate in regulating development, and at least two miRNA-TF-metabolite triplets that participate in both development and quality formation had been filtered. Our results indicated that conserved miRNA act boldly during important biological processes, they are (i) more likely to be linked with morphological function in primary metabolism during sprout development, and (ii) hold an important position in secondary metabolism during quality formation in tea plant, also (iii) coordinate with transcription factors in forming networks of complex multicellular organism regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Changsong Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fu'an, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiazhi Shen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Breeding in Horticultural Plants, College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang B, Zhang F, Hu J, Gao X, Bian P, Liu Y, Wang G. Cre-miR914-regulated RPL18 is involved with UV-B adaptation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 232:151-159. [PMID: 30537602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
UV radiation is a serious threat to life, and algae have developed highly efficient adaptations to UV radiation through the course of evolution. To date, studies investigating the mechanisms of UV adaptation in algae have focused on physiological regulation and associated protein coding genes, with only a few reports on associated protein non-coding genes. In a previous study, we found that Cre-miR914 was significantly down-regulated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in response to heat shock. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether Cre-miR914 plays a role in response to UV-B radiation. Our bioinformatics analysis indicated that the potential target gene of Cre-miR914 is ribosomal protein L18 (RPL18). We also measured the expression of Cre-miR914 and RPL18 in response to UV-B radiation through qPCR analysis. Then, we constructed cell lines overexpressing Cre-miR914 or RPL18, and performed survival experiments under UV-B stress. The results showed that Cre-miR914 overexpression decreased resistance while RPL18 overexpression enhanced tolerance to UV-B radiation. These results indicate that Cre-miR914 and its potential target gene RPL18 are involved in the adaptation to UV-B in C. reinhardtii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fengge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jinlu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Po Bian
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Yongding Liu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Gaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sekiguchi M, Kameda S, Kurosawa S, Yoshida M, Yoshimura K. Thermotaxis in Chlamydomonas is brought about by membrane excitation and controlled by redox conditions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16114. [PMID: 30382191 PMCID: PMC6208428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is physiologically critical for all living organisms, which cope with temperature stress using metabolic and behavioral responses. In unicellular and some multicellular organisms, thermotaxis is a behavioral response to avoid stressful thermal environments and promote accumulation in an optimal thermal environment. In this study, we examined whether Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, demonstrated thermotaxis. We found that between 10 °C and 30 °C, Chlamydomonas cells migrated toward lower temperatures independent of cultivation temperature. Interestingly, when we applied reagents to change intracellular reduction-oxidation (redox) conditions, we saw that thermotaxis was enhanced, suppressed, or reversed, depending on the redox conditions and cultivation temperature. Thermotaxis was almost absent in ppr2 and ppr3 mutants, which cannot swim backward because of a defect in generating calcium current in flagella. The frequency of spontaneous backward swimming was lower at more favorable temperature, suggesting a pivotal role of spontaneous backward swimming generated by flagellar membrane excitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Sekiguchi
- Department of Machinery and Control Systems, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Kameda
- Department of Machinery and Control Systems, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kurosawa
- Department of Machinery and Control Systems, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Megumi Yoshida
- Department of Machinery and Control Systems, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Yoshimura
- Department of Machinery and Control Systems, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Majewska M, Harshkova D, Guściora M, Aksmann A. Phytotoxic activity of diclofenac: Evaluation using a model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with atrazine as a reference substance. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:989-997. [PMID: 30114750 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Human activities have caused increasing inputs of pharmaceuticals to the environment and diclofenac (DF) is one of the most commonly detected in freshwater systems. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of DF on a freshwater green alga as a non-target organism. For DF toxicity evaluation, its effects on a model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were compared with effects caused by the herbicide atrazine (AT). EC50 values were about 135 mg/L for DF and 78 mg/L for AT, respectively. Both toxicants enhanced H2O2 production by the cells (144% and 178% of control for AT and DF, respectively) and stimulated catalase activity (≈200% of control). Activity of ascorbate peroxidase was elevated in AT-cells but not in DF-treated cells. DF did not influence dark respiration of the cells, whereas AT inhibited this process by about 50% compared to the control. Both toxicants caused photosynthesis inhibition. Analysis of parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence in vivo showed diminishment of a performance index (PI) in both DF- and AT-treated cells (≈50% of control), but the reasons for the changes detected were different. AT diminished the efficiency of electron transport between PS II and PS I without significant inhibition of PS II or PS I reaction centers (RCs). In contrast to AT, DF seemed to influence directly PS II RCs. The fraction of active PS II RCs was lowered in DF-treated cells, but energy flux per active RC increased. Our study indicates that DF phytotoxicity results mainly from photosynthesis inhibition due to "silencing" of a fraction of PS II RCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Majewska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Darya Harshkova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Monika Guściora
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Aksmann
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shi J, Huang T, Chai S, Guo Y, Wei J, Dou S, Li L, Liu G. Identification of Reference and Biomarker Proteins in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Cultured under Different Stress Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081822. [PMID: 28829403 PMCID: PMC5578208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Reference proteins and biomarkers are important for the quantitative evaluation of protein abundance. Chlamydomonasreinhardtii was grown under five stress conditions (dark, cold, heat, salt, and glucose supplementation), and the OD750 and total protein contents were evaluated on days 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 of culture. Antibodies for 20 candidate proteins were generated, and the protein expression patterns were examined by western blotting. Reference protein(s) for each treatment were identified by calculating the Pearson’s correlation coefficient (PCC) between target protein abundance and total protein content. Histone H3, beta tubulin 1 (TUB-1), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (RBCL), and mitochondrial F1F0 ATP synthase subunit 6 (ATPs-6) were the top reference proteins, because they were expressed stably under multiple stress conditions. The average relative-fold change (ARF) value of each protein was calculated to identify biomarkers. Heat shock protein 90B (HSP90B), flagellar associated protein (FAP127) and ATP synthase CF0 A subunit (ATPs-A) were suitable biomarkers for multiple treatments, while receptor of activated protein kinase C1 (RCK1), biotin carboxylase (BCR1), mitochondrial phosphate carrier protein (MPC1), and rubisco large subunit N-methyltransferase (RMT1) were suitable biomarkers for the dark, cold, heat, and glucose treatments, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Shi
- Institute of Bioenergy, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
| | - Teng Huang
- Institute of Bioenergy, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
| | - Shuaijie Chai
- Institute of Bioenergy, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
| | - Yalu Guo
- Institute of Bioenergy, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
| | - Jian Wei
- Institute of Bioenergy, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
| | - Shijuan Dou
- Institute of Bioenergy, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
| | - Liyun Li
- Institute of Bioenergy, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Institute of Bioenergy, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gao X, Zhang F, Hu J, Cai W, Shan G, Dai D, Huang K, Wang G. MicroRNAs modulate adaption to multiple abiotic stresses in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38228. [PMID: 27910907 PMCID: PMC5133633 DOI: 10.1038/srep38228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs play an important role in abiotic stress responses in higher plants and animals, but their role in stress adaptation in algae remains unknown. In this study, the expression of identified and putative miRNAs in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction; some of the miRNAs (Cre-miR906-3p) were up-regulated, whereas others (Cre-miR910) were down-regulated when the species was subjected to multiple abiotic stresses. With degradome sequencing data, we also identified ATP4 (the d-subunit of ATP synthase) and NCR2 (NADPH: cytochrome P450 reductase) as one of the several targets of Cre-miR906-3p and Cre-miR910, respectively. Q-PCR data indicated that ATP4, which was expressed inversely in relation to Cre-miR906-3p under stress conditions. Overexpressing of Cre-miR906-3p enhanced resistance to multiple stresses; conversely, overexpressing of ATP4 produced the opposite effect. These data of Q-PCR, degradome sequencing and adaptation of overexpressing lines indicated that Cre-miR906-3p and its target ATP4 were a part of the same pathway for stress adaptation. We found that Cre-miR910 and its target NCR2 were also a part of this pathway. Overexpressing of Cre-miR910 decreased, whereas that of NCR2 increased the adaption to multiple stresses. Our findings suggest that the two classes of miRNAs synergistically mediate stress adaptation in algae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinlu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenkai Cai
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ge Shan
- School of Life Science, Chinese University of Science and Technology, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Dongsheng Dai
- Wuxi Biortus Biosciences Co., Ltd., Jiangyin, Jiangsu 214437, China
| | - Kaiyao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kurtyka R, Pokora W, Tukaj Z, Karcz W. Effects of juglone and lawsone on oxidative stress in maize coleoptile cells treated with IAA. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw073. [PMID: 27760740 PMCID: PMC5199135 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Naphthoquinones are secondary metabolites widely distributed in nature and produced by bacteria, fungi and higher plants. Their biological activity may result from induction of oxidative stress, caused by redox cycling or direct interaction with cellular macromolecules, in which quinones act as electrophiles. The redox homeostasis is known as one of factors involved in auxin-mediated plant growth regulation. To date, however, little is known about the crosstalk between reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by quinones and the plant growth hormone auxin (IAA). In this study, redox cycling properties of two naphthoquinones, juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) and lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone), were compared in experiments performed on maize coleoptile segments incubated with or without the addition of IAA. It was found that lawsone was much more effective than juglone in increasing both H2O2 production and the activity of antioxidative enzymes (SOD, POX and CAT) in coleoptile cells, regardless of the presence of IAA. An increase in the activity of Cu/Zn-SOD isoenzymes induced by both naphthoquinones suggests that juglone- and lawsone-generated H2O2 was primarily produced in the cytosolic and cell wall spaces. The cell potential to neutralize hydrogen peroxide, determined by POX and CAT activity, pointed to activity of catalase as the main enzymatic mechanism responsible for degradation of H2O2 Therefore, we assumed that generation of H2O2, induced more efficiently by LW than JG, was the major factor accounting for differences in the toxicity of naphthoquinones in maize coleoptiles. The role of auxin in the process appeared negligible. Moreover, the results suggested that oxidative stress imposed by JG and LW was one of mechanisms of allelopathic action of the studied quinones in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kurtyka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, PL-40 032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Pokora
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, PL-80 308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Tukaj
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, PL-80 308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Waldemar Karcz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Jagiellońska 28, PL-40 032 Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pino MR, Muñiz S, Val J, Navarro E. Phytotoxicity of 15 common pharmaceuticals on the germination of Lactuca sativa and photosynthesis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:22530-22541. [PMID: 27553001 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceuticals reach terrestrial environments through the application of treated wastewaters and biosolids to agricultural soils. We have investigated the toxicity of 15 common pharmaceuticals, classified as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), blood lipid-lowering agents, β-blockers and antibiotics, in two photosynthetic organisms. Twelve pharmaceuticals caused inhibitory effects on the radicle and hypocotyl elongation of Lactuca sativa seeds. The EC50 values obtained were in the range of 170-5656 mg L-1 in the case of the radicle and 188-4558 mg L-1 for the hypocotyl. Propranolol was the most toxic drug for both root and hypocotyl elongation, followed by the NSAIDs, then gemfibrozil and tetracycline. Other effects, such as root necrosis, inhibition of root growth and curly hairs, were detected. However, even at the highest concentrations tested (3000 mg L-1), seed germination was not affected. NSAIDs decreased the photosynthetic yield of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, but only salicylic acid showed EC50 values below 1000 mg L-1. The first effects detected at low concentrations, together with the concentrations found in environmental samples, indicate that the use of biosolids and wastewaters containing pharmaceuticals should be regulated and their compositions assessed in order to prevent medium- and long-term impacts on agricultural soils and crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ma Rosa Pino
- Faculty of Health Sciences, San Jorge University, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Selene Muñiz
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, CSIC, Av. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jonatan Val
- Faculty of Health Sciences, San Jorge University, Villanueva de Gállego, 50830, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Navarro
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, CSIC, Av. Montañana 1005, 50059, Zaragoza, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rathod JP, Prakash G, Vira C, Lali AM. Trehalose phosphate synthase overexpression in Parachlorella kessleri improves growth and photosynthetic performance under high light conditions. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 46:803-809. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1135465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayant Pralhad Rathod
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Gunjan Prakash
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Chaitali Vira
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Arvind M. Lali
- DBT-ICT Centre for Energy Biosciences, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Characterization of salt stress-induced palmelloids in the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
26
|
Overexpressing Ferredoxins in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Increase Starch and Oil Yields and Enhance Electric Power Production in a Photo Microbial Fuel Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:19308-25. [PMID: 26287179 PMCID: PMC4581298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160819308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferredoxins (FDX) are final electron carrier proteins in the plant photosynthetic pathway, and function as major electron donors in diverse redox-driven metabolic pathways. We previously showed that overexpression of a major constitutively expressed ferredoxin gene PETF in Chlamydomonas decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and enhanced tolerance to heat stress. In addition to PETF, an endogenous anaerobic induced FDX5 was overexpressed in transgenic Chlamydomonas lines here to address the possible functions of FDX5. All the independent FDX transgenic lines showed decreased cellular ROS levels and enhanced tolerance to heat and salt stresses. The transgenic Chlamydomonas lines accumulated more starch than the wild-type line and this effect increased almost three-fold in conditions of nitrogen depletion. Furthermore, the lipid content was higher in the transgenic lines than in the wild-type line, both with and without nitrogen depletion. Two FDX-overexpressing Chlamydomonas lines were assessed in a photo microbial fuel cell (PMFC); power density production by the transgenic lines was higher than that of the wild-type cells. These findings suggest that overexpression of either PETF or FDX5 can confer tolerance against heat and salt stresses, increase starch and oil production, and raise electric power density in a PMFC.
Collapse
|
27
|
Schroda M, Hemme D, Mühlhaus T. The Chlamydomonas heat stress response. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:466-480. [PMID: 25754362 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Heat waves occurring at increased frequency as a consequence of global warming jeopardize crop yield safety. One way to encounter this problem is to genetically engineer crop plants toward increased thermotolerance. To identify entry points for genetic engineering, a thorough understanding of how plant cells perceive heat stress and respond to it is required. Using the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model system to study the fundamental mechanisms of the plant heat stress response has several advantages. Most prominent among them is the suitability of Chlamydomonas for studying stress responses system-wide and in a time-resolved manner under controlled conditions. Here we review current knowledge on how heat is sensed and signaled to trigger temporally and functionally grouped sub-responses termed response elements to prevent damage and to maintain cellular homeostasis in plant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schroda
- Molecular Biotechnology & Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 23, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dorothea Hemme
- Molecular Biotechnology & Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 23, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Molecular Biotechnology & Systems Biology, TU Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 23, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Aksmann A, Pokora W, Baścik-Remisiewicz A, Dettlaff-Pokora A, Wielgomas B, Dziadziuszko M, Tukaj Z. Time-dependent changes in antioxidative enzyme expression and photosynthetic activity of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells under acute exposure to cadmium and anthracene. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 110:31-40. [PMID: 25193882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are present in the freshwater environment at concentrations that can be hazardous to the biota. Among HMs and PAHs, cadmium (Cd) and anthracene (ANT) are the most prevalent and toxic ones. The response of Chlamydomonas cells to Cd and ANT at concentrations that markedly reduced the growth of algal population was investigated in this study. At such concentrations, both cadmium and anthracene were recognized as oxidative stress inducers, since high concentration of H2O2 in treated cultures was observed. Therefore, as a part of the "molecular phase" of the cell response to this stress, we examined the time-dependent expression of genes encoding the main antioxidative enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), as well as the activity of these enzymes in cells, with special attention paid to chloroplastic and mitochondrial isoforms of SOD. To characterize the cell response at the "physiological level", we examined the photosynthetic activity of stressed cells via analysis of chlorophyll a fluorescence in vivo. In contrast to standard ecotoxicity studies in which the growth end-points are usually determined, herein we present time-dependent changes in algal cell response to Cd- and ANT-induced stress. The most significant effect(s) of the toxicants on photosynthetic activity was observed in the 6th hour, when strong depression of PI parameter value, an over 50 percent reduction of the active reaction center fraction (RC0) and a 3-fold increase in non-photochemical energy dissipation (DI0/RC) were noted. At the same time, the increase (up to 2.5-fold) in mRNA transcript of SOD and CAT genes, followed by the enhancement in the enzyme activity was observed. The high expression of the Msd 3 gene in treated Chlamydomonas cells probably complements the partial loss of chloroplast Fe-SOD and APX activity, while catalase and Mn-SOD 5 seem to be the major enzymes responsible for mitochondrion protection. The progressive increase in SOD and CAT activities seems to be involved in the recovery of photosynthesis within 12-24h after the application of the toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aksmann
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Pokora
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Baścik-Remisiewicz
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Dziadziuszko
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Al. Gen. Hallera 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Tukaj
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hema R, Vemanna RS, Sreeramulu S, Reddy CP, Senthil-Kumar M, Udayakumar M. Stable expression of mtlD gene imparts multiple stress tolerance in finger millet. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99110. [PMID: 24922513 PMCID: PMC4055669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Finger millet is susceptible to abiotic stresses, especially drought and salinity stress, in the field during seed germination and early stages of seedling development. Therefore developing stress tolerant finger millet plants combating drought, salinity and associated oxidative stress in these two growth stages is important. Cellular protection through osmotic adjustment and efficient free radical scavenging ability during abiotic stress are important components of stress tolerance mechanisms in plants. Mannitol, an osmolyte, is known to scavenge hydroxyl radicals generated during various abiotic stresses and thereby minimize stress damage in several plant species. In this study transgenic finger millet plants expressing the mannitol biosynthetic pathway gene from bacteria, mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (mtlD), were developed through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation. mtlD gene integration in the putative transgenic plants was confirmed by Southern blot. Further, performance of transgenic finger millet under drought, salinity and oxidative stress was studied at plant level in T1 generation and in T1 and T2 generation seedlings. Results from these experiments showed that transgenic finger millet had better growth under drought and salinity stress compared to wild-type. At plant level, transgenic plants showed better osmotic adjustment and chlorophyll retention under drought stress compared to the wild-type. However, the overall increase in stress tolerance of transgenics for the three stresses, especially for oxidative stress, was only marginal compared to other mtlD gene expressing plant species reported in the literature. Moreover, the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation protocol developed for finger millet in this study can be used to introduce diverse traits of agronomic importance in finger millet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramanna Hema
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
| | - Ramu S. Vemanna
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
| | - Shivakumar Sreeramulu
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Muthappa Senthil-Kumar
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Makarla Udayakumar
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Chang HL, Tseng YL, Ho KL, Shie SC, Wu PS, Hsu YT, Lee TM. Reactive oxygen species modulate the differential expression of methionine sulfoxide reductase genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under high light illumination. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 150:550-564. [PMID: 24102363 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Illumination of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells at 1000 (high light, HL) or 3000 (very high light, VHL) µmol photons m(-2) s(-1) intensity increased superoxide anion radical (O(2)(•-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) production, and VHL illumination also increased the singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) level. HL and VHL illumination decreased methionine sulfoxide reductase A4 (CrMSRA4) transcript levels but increased CrMSRA3, CrMSRA5 and CrMSRB2.1 transcripts levels. CrMSRB2.2 transcript levels increased only under VHL conditions. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on CrMSR expression was studied using ROS scavengers and generators. Treatment with dimethylthiourea (DMTU), a H(2)O(2) scavenger, suppressed HL- and VHL-induced CrMSRA3, CrMSRA5 and CrMSRB2.1 expression, whereas H(2)O(2) treatment stimulated the expression of these genes under 50 µmol photons m(-2) s(-1) conditions (low light, LL). Treatment with diphenylamine (DPA), a (1)O(2) quencher, reduced VHL-induced CrMSRA3, CrMSRA5 and CrMSRB2.2 expression and deuterium oxide, which delays (1)O(2) decay, enhanced these gene expression, whereas treatment with (1)O(2) (rose bengal, methylene blue and neutral red) or O(2)(•-) (menadione and methyl viologen) generators under LL conditions induced their expression. DPA treatment inhibited the VHL-induced decrease in CrMSRA4 expression, but other ROS scavengers and ROS generators did not affect its expression under LL or HL conditions. These results demonstrate that the differential expression of CrMSRs under HL illumination can be attributed to different types of ROS. H(2)O(2), O(2) (•-) and (1)O(2) modulate CrMSRA3 and CrMSRA5 expression, whereas H(2)O(2) and O(2)(•-) regulate CrMSRB2.1 and CrMSRB2.2 expression, respectively. (1)O(2) mediates the decrease of CrMSRA4 expression by VHL illumination, but ROS do not modulate its decrease under HL conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Ling Chang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; The Asia-Pacific Ocean Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Valledor L, Furuhashi T, Recuenco-Muñoz L, Wienkoop S, Weckwerth W. System-level network analysis of nitrogen starvation and recovery in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii reveals potential new targets for increased lipid accumulation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:171. [PMID: 25663847 PMCID: PMC4320484 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen starvation is known to cause drastic alterations in physiology and metabolism leading to the accumulation of lipid bodies in many microalgae, and it thus presents an important alternative for biofuel production. However, despite the importance of this process, the molecular mechanisms that mediate the metabolic remodeling induced by N starvation and especially by stress recovery are still poorly understood, and new candidates for bioengineering are needed to make this process useful for biofuel production. RESULTS We have studied the molecular changes involved in the adaptive mechanisms to N starvation and full recovery of the vegetative cells in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during a four-day time course. High throughput mass spectrometry was employed to integrate the proteome and the metabolome with physiological changes. N starvation led to an accumulation of oil bodies and reduced Fv/Fm.. Distinct enzymes potentially participating in the carbon-concentrating mechanism (CAH7, CAH8, PEPC1) are strongly accumulated. The membrane composition is changed, as indicated by quantitative lipid profiles. A reprogramming of protein biosynthesis was observed by increased levels of cytosolic ribosomes, while chloroplastidic were dramatically reduced. Readdition of N led to, the identification of early responsive proteins mediating stress recovery, indicating their key role in regaining and sustaining normal vegetative growth. Analysis of the data with multivariate correlation analysis, Granger causality, and sparse partial least square (sPLS) provided a functional network perspective of the molecular processes. Cell growth and N metabolism were clearly linked by the branched chain amino acids, suggesting an important role in this stress. Lipid accumulation was also tightly correlated to the COP II protein, involved in vesicle and lysosome coating, and a major lipid droplet protein. This protein, together with other key proteins mediating signal transduction and adaption (BRI1, snRKs), constitute a series of new metabolic and regulatory targets. CONCLUSIONS This work not only provides new insights and corrects previous models by analyzing a complex dataset, but also increases our biochemical understanding of the adaptive mechanisms to N starvation in Chlamydomonas, pointing to new bioengineering targets for increased lipid accumulation, a key step for a sustainable and profitable microalgae-based biofuel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Valledor
- />Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- />Cyanoteam, Global Change Research Center-Czechglobe, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Belidla 4, 603 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- />Present address: Plant Physiology, University of Oviedo, Catedrático Rodrígo Uría s/n, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Takeshi Furuhashi
- />Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis Recuenco-Muñoz
- />Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Wienkoop
- />Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- />Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Checker VG, Khurana P. Molecular and functional characterization of mulberry EST encoding remorin (MiREM) involved in abiotic stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:1729-41. [PMID: 23942844 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1483-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Group1 remorins may help the plants to optimize their growth under adverse conditions by their involvement in mediating osmotic stress responses in plants. ABSTRACT Mulberry (Morus indica), a deciduous woody tree, serves as the cardinal component of the sericulture industry. Genomic endeavors in sequencing of mulberry ESTs provided clues to stress-specific clones, but their functional relevance remains fragmentary. Therefore in this study, we assessed the functional significance of a remorin gene family member that was identified in leaf ESTs. Remorins represent a large, plant-specific multigene family gaining importance in recent times with respect to their role in plant-microbe interactions, although their role in response to environmental stresses remains speculative as in vivo functions of remorin genes are limited. Mulberry remorin (MiREM) localizes to plasma membrane and is ubiquitously present in all plant organs. Expression analysis of MiREM by northern analysis reveals that its transcript increases under different abiotic stress conditions especially during dehydration and salt stress, implicating it in regulation of stress signaling pathways. Concomitantly, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing heterologous remorin show tolerance to dehydration and salinity at the germination and seedling stages as revealed by percentage germination, root inhibition assays, fresh weight and activity of photosystem II. This study predicts the possible function of group 1 remorin gene in mediating osmotic stress thus bringing novel perspectives in understanding the function of remorins in plant abiotic stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vibha G Checker
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Overexpression of ferredoxin, PETF, enhances tolerance to heat stress in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:20913-29. [PMID: 24141188 PMCID: PMC3821650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141020913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by plants in adverse environments can cause damage to organelles and trigger cell death. Removal of excess ROS can be achieved through the ascorbate scavenger pathway to prevent plant cell death. The amount of this scavenger can be regulated by ferredoxin (FDX). Chloroplastic FDXs are electron transfer proteins that perform in distributing photosynthetic reducing power. In this study, we demonstrate that overexpression of the endogenous photosynthetic FDX gene, PETF, in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii could raise the level of reduced ascorbate and diminish H2O2 levels under normal growth conditions. Furthermore, the overexpressing PETF transgenic Chlamydomonas lines produced low levels of H2O2 and exhibited protective effects that were observed through decreased chlorophyll degradation and increased cell survival under heat-stress conditions. The findings of this study suggest that overexpression of PETF can increase the efficiency of ROS scavenging in chloroplasts to confer heat tolerance. The roles of PETF in the downregulation of the ROS level offer a method for potentially improving the tolerance of crops against heat stress.
Collapse
|
34
|
Pokora W, Tukaj Z. Induction time of Fe-SOD synthesis and activity determine different tolerance of two Desmodesmus (green algae) strains to chloridazon: a study with synchronized cultures. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 107:68-77. [PMID: 25149238 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cells of two Desmodesmus armatus strains (276-4a and 276-4d) grown asynchronously in batch cultures after 24-h treatment revealed different tolerance to chloridazon (photosynthetic herbicide) applied at a concentration of 3.45 mg L(-1). To find time- and cell cycle-dependent biochemical reasons leading to such a difference, a population of young autospores of both strains synchronized by a light/dark (14/10) regime were exposed to chloridazon at the initiation of the light period. Chloridazon reduced the growth and number of divisions of cell strain 276-4d. In consequence, at the end of the dark phase the number of released autospores was reduced by 50% compared with the control. In contrast, the growth and reproductive processes of cell strains 276-4a was unaffected. Moreover, chloridazon treatment speeded up cell development, as a result of which the release of autospores took this process observed in the control cells over. There is a relationship between photosynthetic activity response to chloridazon and time-dependent changes in Fe-SOD content and activity. The energy trapped in the reaction centre (RC) was similar in both strains, but the amount of energy absorbed by RCs was twice as high in strain 276-4d as in 276-4a. In consequence, non-photochemical energy dissipation occurring in the cells of 276-4d strain far exceed the value obtained for 276-4a strain. The control cells of both strains differed significantly in the content of FSD 1 and FSD 2 proteins, whereas the differences in Fe-SOD isoforms activities were slight. The 8-fold increase in SOD content in CHD treated cells of strain 276-4a was associated with the transience of photosynthetic efficiency impairment. In CHD treated cells of strain 276-4d, neither activity of Fe-SOD nor FSDs protein content was instantly affected. Different response of developing cells of two Desmodesmus strains to CHD is influenced by the inherent features of cells; the short time required to induce stress adaptive mechanism involving chloroplastic Fe-SOD activity and biosynthesis in the cells of CHD tolerant strain 276-4a seems to play the key role, being an overriding on the high, but not induced in response to stress, FSD protein level and activity in cells of strain 276-4d.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Pokora
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Tukaj
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Valledor L, Furuhashi T, Hanak AM, Weckwerth W. Systemic cold stress adaptation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:2032-47. [PMID: 23564937 PMCID: PMC3734567 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.026765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is one of the most important model organisms nowadays phylogenetically situated between higher plants and animals (Merchant et al. 2007). Stress adaptation of this unicellular model algae is in the focus because of its relevance to biomass and biofuel production. Here, we have studied cold stress adaptation of C. reinhardtii hitherto not described for this algae whereas intensively studied in higher plants. Toward this goal, high throughput mass spectrometry was employed to integrate proteome, metabolome, physiological and cell-morphological changes during a time-course from 0 to 120 h. These data were complemented with RT-qPCR for target genes involved in central metabolism, signaling, and lipid biosynthesis. Using this approach dynamics in central metabolism were linked to cold-stress dependent sugar and autophagy pathways as well as novel genes in C. reinhardtii such as CKIN1, CKIN2 and a hitherto functionally not annotated protein named CKIN3. Cold stress affected extensively the physiology and the organization of the cell. Gluconeogenesis and starch biosynthesis pathways are activated leading to a pronounced starch and sugar accumulation. Quantitative lipid profiles indicate a sharp decrease in the lipophilic fraction and an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids suggesting this as a mechanism of maintaining membrane fluidity. The proteome is completely remodeled during cold stress: specific candidates of the ribosome and the spliceosome indicate altered biosynthesis and degradation of proteins important for adaptation to low temperatures. Specific proteasome degradation may be mediated by the observed cold-specific changes in the ubiquitinylation system. Sparse partial least squares regression analysis was applied for protein correlation network analysis using proteins as predictors and Fv/Fm, FW, total lipids, and starch as responses. We applied also Granger causality analysis and revealed correlations between proteins and metabolites otherwise not detectable. Twenty percent of the proteins responsive to cold are uncharacterized proteins. This presents a considerable resource for new discoveries in cold stress biology in alga and plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Valledor
- ‡From the Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Takeshi Furuhashi
- ‡From the Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anne-Mette Hanak
- ‡From the Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- ‡From the Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lambreva MD, Giardi MT, Rambaldi I, Antonacci A, Pastorelli S, Bertalan I, Husu I, Johanningmeier U, Rea G. A powerful molecular engineering tool provided efficient Chlamydomonas mutants as bio-sensing elements for herbicides detection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61851. [PMID: 23613953 PMCID: PMC3629139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was prompted by increasing concerns about ecological damage and human health threats derived by persistent contamination of water and soil with herbicides, and emerging of bio-sensing technology as powerful, fast and efficient tool for the identification of such hazards. This work is aimed at overcoming principal limitations negatively affecting the whole-cell-based biosensors performance due to inadequate stability and sensitivity of the bio-recognition element. The novel bio-sensing elements for the detection of herbicides were generated exploiting the power of molecular engineering in order to improve the performance of photosynthetic complexes. The new phenotypes were produced by an in vitro directed evolution strategy targeted at the photosystem II (PSII) D1 protein of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, using exposures to radical-generating ionizing radiation as selection pressure. These tools proved successful to identify D1 mutations conferring enhanced stability, tolerance to free-radical-associated stress and competence for herbicide perception. Long-term stability tests of PSII performance revealed the mutants capability to deal with oxidative stress-related conditions. Furthermore, dose-response experiments indicated the strains having increased sensitivity or resistance to triazine and urea type herbicides with I(50) values ranging from 6 × 10(-8) M to 2 × 10(-6) M. Besides stressing the relevance of several amino acids for PSII photochemistry and herbicide sensing, the possibility to improve the specificity of whole-cell-based biosensors, via coupling herbicide-sensitive with herbicide-resistant strains, was verified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maya D Lambreva
- Institute of Crystallography, National Research Council, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Senthil-Kumar M, Wang K, Mysore KS. AtCYP710A1 gene-mediated stigmasterol production plays a role in imparting temperature stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e23142. [PMID: 23299431 PMCID: PMC3657011 DOI: 10.4161/psb.23142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Stigmasterol and sitosterol, important sterols present in plants, are known to influence permeability and fluidity characteristics of the plasma membrane and other organellar membranes. We had previously demonstrated that the Arabidopsis Atcyp710A1 gene, which catalyzes conversion of sitosterol into stigmasterol, plays a role in plasma membrane permeability, thus influencing leakage of cellular nutrients and ions into apoplast. In this study, we investigated the role of this gene in imparting various abiotic stress tolerances in Arabidopsis. By analyzing Atcyp710a1 mutant and AtCYP710A1 overexpressor lines, we found that the AtCYP710A1 gene plays a role in imparting low and high temperature tolerance.
Collapse
|
38
|
Yordanova ZP, Woltering EJ, Kapchina-Toteva VM, Iakimova ET. Mastoparan-induced programmed cell death in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2013; 111:191-205. [PMID: 23250917 PMCID: PMC3555528 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcs264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Under stress-promoting conditions unicellular algae can undergo programmed cell death (PCD) but the mechanisms of algal cellular suicide are still poorly understood. In this work, the involvement of caspase-like proteases, DNA cleavage and the morphological occurrence of cell death in wasp venom mastoparan (MP)-treated Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were studied. METHODS Algal cells were exposed to MP and cell death was analysed over time. Specific caspase inhibitors were employed to elucidate the possible role of caspase-like proteases. YVADase activity (presumably a vacuolar processing enzyme) was assayed by using a fluorogenic caspase-1 substrate. DNA breakdown was evaluated by DNA laddering and Comet analysis. Cellular morphology was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. KEY RESULTS MP-treated C. reinhardtii cells expressed several features of necrosis (protoplast shrinkage) and vacuolar cell death (lytic vesicles, vacuolization, empty cell-walled corpse-containing remains of digested protoplast) sometimes within one single cell and in different individual cells. Nucleus compaction and DNA fragmentation were detected. YVADase activity was rapidly stimulated in response to MP but the early cell death was not inhibited by caspase inhibitors. At later time points, however, the caspase inhibitors were effective in cell-death suppression. Conditioned medium from MP-treated cells offered protection against MP-induced cell death. CONCLUSIONS In C. reinhardtii MP triggered PCD of atypical phenotype comprising features of vacuolar and necrotic cell deaths, reminiscent of the modality of hypersensitive response. It was assumed that depending on the physiological state and sensitivity of the cells to MP, the early cell-death phase might be not mediated by caspase-like enzymes, whereas later cell death may involve caspase-like-dependent proteolysis. The findings substantiate the hypothesis that, depending on the mode of induction and sensitivity of the cells, algal PCD may take different forms and proceed through different pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya P. Yordanova
- Department Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University ‘St Kliment Ohridski’, 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ernst J. Woltering
- Wageningen University, Horticultural Supply Chains Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, PO Box 630, 6700AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University, Food and Biobased Research, Bornse weilanden 9, PO Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Veneta M. Kapchina-Toteva
- Department Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University ‘St Kliment Ohridski’, 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elena T. Iakimova
- Wageningen University, Horticultural Supply Chains Group, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, PO Box 630, 6700AP, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Ornamental Plants, 1222 Negovan, Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zuo Z, Zhu Y, Bai Y, Wang Y. Acetic acid-induced programmed cell death and release of volatile organic compounds in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 51:175-184. [PMID: 22153255 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Acetic acid widely spreads in atmosphere, aquatic ecosystems containing residues and anoxic soil. It can inhibit aquatic plant germination and growth, and even cause programmed cell death (PCD) of yeast. In the present study, biochemical and physiological responses of the model unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were examined after acetic acid stress. H(2)O(2) burst was found in C. reinhardtii after acetic acid stress at pH 5.0 for 10 min. The photosynthetic pigments were degraded, gross photosynthesis and respiration were disappeared gradually, and DNA fragmentation was also detected. Those results indicated that C. reinhardtii cells underwent a PCD but not a necrotic, accidental cell death event. It was noticed that C. reinhardtii cells in PCD released abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) upon acetic acid stress. Therefore, we analyzed the VOCs and tested their effects on other normal cells. The treatment of C. reinhardtii cultures with VOCs reduced the cell density and increased antioxidant enzyme activity. Therefore, a function of VOCs as infochemicals involved in cell-to-cell communication at the conditions of applied stress is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Zuo
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Anderson A, Bothwell JH, Laohavisit A, Smith AG, Davies JM. NOX or not? Evidence for algal NADPH oxidases. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 16:579-581. [PMID: 22000495 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
|
41
|
Involvement of ethylene and nitric oxide in cell death in mastoparan-treated unicellular algaChlamydomonas reinhardtii. Cell Biol Int 2010; 34:301-8. [DOI: 10.1042/cbi20090138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
42
|
Aksmann A, Tukaj Z. Intact anthracene inhibits photosynthesis in algal cells: a fluorescence induction study on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cw92 strain. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 74:26-32. [PMID: 18980775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2008] [Revised: 09/11/2008] [Accepted: 09/23/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Short-term (24h) experiments were performed to examine the effect of anthracene (ANT) on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cw92 grown in a batch culture system aerated with 2.5% CO(2). At concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 5.6 microM, ANT inhibited the growth of population in a concentration-dependent manner and EC(50) calculated amounted to 1.6 microM. At concentrations from 0.7 to 4.2 microM ANT stimulated respiration and inhibited the intensity of photosynthesis but did not affect chlorophyll content in the cells. ANT influenced chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, measured by OJIP test (O, J, I and P are the different steps of fluorescence induction curve). ANT diminished the performance index (PI), the yield of primary photochemistry (phi(Po)), the yield of electron transport (phi(Epsilonomicron), the efficiency of moving the electron beyond Qa(-) (Psi(0)) and the fraction of active oxygen evolving complexes (OEC). The fraction of active PS II reaction centres in the treated samples dramatically dropped. The most pronounced changes in ANT-treated cells were observed in the stimulation of energy dissipation parameter (DI(0)/RC). The only OJIP parameter that was not influenced by ANT was energy absorption by photosynthetic antennae (ABS). The results lead to a conclusion that the inhibition of photosynthesis may be a consequence of unspecific ANT-membrane interaction, resulting from hydrophobic character of this hydrocarbon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aksmann
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Gdańsk, Gdynia, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|