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Atem JEC, Gan L, Yu W, Huang F, Wang Y, Baloch A, Nwafor CC, Barrie AU, Chen P, Zhang C. Bioinformatics and functional analysis of EDS1 genes in Brassica napus in response to Plasmodiophora brassicae infection. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 347:112175. [PMID: 38986913 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) is a key regulator of plant-pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) responses. In the Brassica napus genome, we identified six novel EDS1 genes, among which four were responsive to clubroot infection, a major rapeseed disease resistant to chemical control. Developing resistant cultivars is a potent and economically viable strategy to control clubroot infection. Bioinformatics analysis revealed conserved domains and structural uniformity in Bna-EDS1 homologs. Bna-EDS1 promoters harbored elements associated with diverse phytohormones and stress responses, highlighting their crucial roles in plant defense. A functional analysis was performed with Bna-EDS1 overexpression and RNAi transgenic lines. Bna-EDS1 overexpression boosted resistance to clubroot and upregulated defense-associated genes (PR1, PR2, ICS1, and CBP60), while Bna-EDS1 RNAi increased plant susceptibility, indicating suppression of the defense signaling pathway downstream of NBS-LRRs. RNA-Seq analysis identified key transcripts associated with clubroot resistance, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Activation of SA regulator NPR1, defense signaling markers PR1 and PR2, and upregulation of MYC-TFs suggested that EDS1-mediated clubroot resistance potentially involves the SA pathway. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of Bna-EDS1-dependent mechanisms in resistance of B. napus to clubroot disease, and provide valuable insights for fortifying resistance against Plasmodiophora brassicae infection in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Eldeen Chol Atem
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Longcai Gan
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Wenlin Yu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Fan Huang
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln NE68588, USA; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Yanyan Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Amanullah Baloch
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Chinedu Charles Nwafor
- Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Alpha Umaru Barrie
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria.
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Zhong Q, Xu Y, Rao Y. Mechanism of Rice Resistance to Bacterial Leaf Blight via Phytohormones. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2541. [PMID: 39339516 PMCID: PMC11434988 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world, and its yield restricts global food security. However, various diseases and pests of rice pose a great threat to food security. Among them, bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most serious bacterial diseases affecting rice globally, creating an increasingly urgent need for research in breeding resistant varieties. Phytohormones are widely involved in disease resistance, such as auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA). In recent years, breakthroughs have been made in the analysis of their regulatory mechanism in BLB resistance in rice. In this review, a series of achievements of phytohormones in rice BLB resistance in recent years were summarized, the genes involved and their signaling pathways were reviewed, and a breeding strategy combining the phytohormones regulation network with modern breeding techniques was proposed, with the intention of applying this strategy to molecular breeding work and playing a reference role for how to further improve rice resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yuqing Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yuchun Rao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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Jesudoss D, Ponnurangan V, Kumar MPR, Kumar KK, Mannu J, Sankarasubramanian H, Duraialagaraja S, Eswaran K, Loganathan A, Shanmugam V. Advances in breeding, biotechnology, and nanotechnological approaches to combat sheath blight disease in rice. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:958. [PMID: 39230778 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Sheath blight, caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani, is a major problem that significantly impacts rice production and can lead to substantial yield losses. The disease has become increasingly problematic in recent years due to the widespread use of high-yielding semi-dwarf rice cultivars, dense planting, and heavy application of nitrogenous fertilizers. The disease has become more challenging to manage due to its diverse host range and the lack of resistant cultivars. Despite utilizing traditional methods, the problem persists without a satisfactory solution. Therefore, modern approaches, including advanced breeding, transgenic methods, genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and nanotechnological interventions, are being explored to develop rice plants resistant to sheath blight disease. This review primarily focuses on these recent advancements in combating the sheath blight disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jesudoss
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Vignesh Ponnurangan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Mohana Pradeep Rangaraj Kumar
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Krish K Kumar
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Jayakanthan Mannu
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Harish Sankarasubramanian
- Department of Plant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Sudhakar Duraialagaraja
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Kokiladevi Eswaran
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Arul Loganathan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Varanavasiappan Shanmugam
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India.
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Serra P, Aramburu SR, Petrich J, Campos-Bermudez VA, Ferreyra MLF, Casati P. A maize enzyme from the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase family with unique kinetic properties, mediates resistance against pathogens and regulates senescence. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:3111-3131. [PMID: 38686847 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In plants, salicylic acid (SA) hydroxylation regulates SA homoeostasis, playing an essential role during plant development and response to pathogens. This reaction is catalysed by SA hydroxylase enzymes, which hydroxylate SA producing 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA) and/or 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA). Several SA hydroxylases have recently been identified and characterised from different plant species, but no such activity has yet been reported in maize. In this work, we describe the identification and characterisation of a new SA hydroxylase in maize plants. This enzyme, with high sequence similarity to previously described SA hydroxylases from Arabidopsis and rice, converts SA into 2,5-DHBA; however, it has different kinetic properties to those of previously characterised enzymes, and it also catalysers the conversion of the flavonoid dihydroquercetin into quercetin in in vitro activity assays, suggesting that the maize enzyme may have different roles in vivo to those previously reported from other species. Despite this, ZmS5H can complement the pathogen resistance and the early senescence phenotypes of Arabidopsis s3h mutant plants. Finally, we characterised a maize mutant in the S5H gene (s5hMu) that has altered growth, senescence and increased resistance against Colletotrichum graminicola infection, showing not only alterations in SA and 2,5-DHBA but also in flavonol levels. Together, the results presented here provide evidence that SA hydroxylases in different plant species have evolved to show differences in catalytic properties that may be important to fine tune SA levels and other phenolic compounds such as flavonols, to regulate different aspects of plant development and pathogen defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Serra
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Silvana Righini Aramburu
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Julieta Petrich
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | | | - Paula Casati
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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Pei T, Zhan M, Niu D, Liu Y, Deng J, Jing Y, Li P, Liu C, Ma F. CERK1 compromises Fusarium solani resistance by reducing jasmonate level and undergoes a negative feedback regulation via the MMK2-WRKY71 module in apple. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2491-2509. [PMID: 38515330 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium spp., a necrotrophic soil-borne pathogen, causes root rot disease on many crops. CERK1, as a typical pattern recognition receptor, has been widely studied. However, the function of CERK1 during plant-Fusarium interaction has not been well described. We determined that MdCERK1 is a susceptibility gene in the apple-Fusarium solani (Fs) interaction, and jasmonic acid (JA) plays a crucial role in this process. MdCERK1 directly targets and phosphorylates the lipoxygenase MdLOX2.1, an enzyme initiating the JA biosynthesis, at positions Ser326 and Thr327. These phosphorylations inhibit its translocation from the cytosol to the chloroplasts, leading to a compromised JA biosynthesis. Fs upregulates MdCERK1 expression during infection. In turn, when the JA level is low, the apple MdWRKY71, a transcriptional repressor of MdCERK1, is markedly upregulated and phosphorylated at Thr99 and Thr102 residues by the MAP kinase MdMMK2. The phosphorylation of MdWRKY71 enhances its transcription inhibition on MdCERK1. Taken together, MdCERK1 plays a novel role in limiting JA biosynthesis. There seems to be an arms race between apple and Fs, in which Fs activates MdCERK1 expression to reduce the JA level, while apple senses the low JA level and activates the MdMMK2-MdWRKY71 module to elevate JA level by inhibiting MdCERK1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Pei
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minghui Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongshan Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuerong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changhai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Li X, Li Y, Liu H, Liu D, Xu C, Yan M, Zhang C, Zhang C, Xia Z, An M, Wu Y. Identification of host gene regulation and resistance pathway dynamics at diverse infection stages of Rhizoctonia solani AG3-TB. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14475. [PMID: 39140303 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is a fungal pathogen that causes significant losses in agricultural production. Because of its rapid transmission and broad host range, the exploration of genes involved in defense responses to the infection of R. solani has become an important task. Here, we performed a time-course RNA-Seq experiment to explore crucial genes or pathways involved in host responses to R. solani AG3-TB infection at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours post inoculation (hpi). GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that most DEGs were enriched in the basal metabolism pathways, including carbohydrate metabolic processes and the biosynthesis of amino acids. Moreover, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were up-regulated, and transcription factors (TFs) such as WRKY, AP2, and MYB were increased significantly compared to the control (0 hpi). Silencing of WRKY70 and catalase-3 exhibited elevated susceptibility to the fungal infection. To summarize, the TFs WRKY70 and WRKY75, genes involved in jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and brassinosteroids (BR) signaling pathways, and defense-related enzymes may play crucial roles in the host responses to R. solani AG3-TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agriculture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - He Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuantao Xu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Yan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chongjin Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengnan An
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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7
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Jyoti SD, Singh G, Pradhan AK, Tarpley L, Septiningsih EM, Talukder SK. Rice breeding for low input agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1408356. [PMID: 38974981 PMCID: PMC11224470 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1408356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
A low-input-based farming system can reduce the adverse effects of modern agriculture through proper utilization of natural resources. Modern varieties often need to improve in low-input settings since they are not adapted to these systems. In addition, rice is one of the most widely cultivated crops worldwide. Enhancing rice performance under a low input system will significantly reduce the environmental concerns related to rice cultivation. Traits that help rice to maintain yield performance under minimum inputs like seedling vigor, appropriate root architecture for nutrient use efficiency should be incorporated into varieties for low input systems through integrated breeding approaches. Genes or QTLs controlling nutrient uptake, nutrient assimilation, nutrient remobilization, and root morphology need to be properly incorporated into the rice breeding pipeline. Also, genes/QTLs controlling suitable rice cultivars for sustainable farming. Since several variables influence performance under low input conditions, conventional breeding techniques make it challenging to work on many traits. However, recent advances in omics technologies have created enormous opportunities for rapidly improving multiple characteristics. This review highlights current research on features pertinent to low-input agriculture and provides an overview of alternative genomics-based breeding strategies for enhancing genetic gain in rice suitable for low-input farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subroto Das Jyoti
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Gurjeet Singh
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Beaumont, TX, United States
| | | | - Lee Tarpley
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Beaumont, TX, United States
| | - Endang M. Septiningsih
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Shyamal K. Talukder
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Beaumont, TX, United States
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Zhu X, Zhao Y, Shi CM, Xu G, Wang N, Zuo S, Ning Y, Kang H, Liu W, Wang R, Yan S, Wang GL, Wang X. Antagonistic control of rice immunity against distinct pathogens by the two transcription modules via salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways. Dev Cell 2024; 59:1609-1622.e4. [PMID: 38640925 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Although the antagonistic effects of host resistance against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens have been documented in various plants, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we investigated the antagonistic resistance mediated by the transcription factor ETHYLENE-INSENSITIVE3-LIKE 3 (OsEIL3) in rice. The Oseil3 mutant confers enhanced resistance to the necrotroph Rhizoctonia solani but greater susceptibility to the hemibiotroph Magnaporthe oryzae and biotroph Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. OsEIL3 directly activates OsERF040 transcription while repressing OsWRKY28 transcription. The infection of R. solani and M. oryzae or Xoo influences the extent of binding of OsEIL3 to OsWRKY28 and OsERF040 promoters, resulting in the repression or activation of both salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent pathways and enhanced susceptibility or resistance, respectively. These results demonstrate that the distinct effects of plant immunity to different pathogen types are determined by two transcription factor modules that control transcriptional reprogramming and the SA and JA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yudan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cheng-Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Guojuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Nana Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shimin Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Houxiang Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuangyong Yan
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Xuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
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Song N, Wu J. NaWRKY70 is a key regulator of Nicotiana attenuata resistance to Alternaria alternata through regulation of phytohormones and phytoalexins biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1289-1306. [PMID: 38426573 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Jasmonate (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) are two major phytohormones involved in pathogen resistance. However, how their biosynthesis is regulated is not well understood. We silenced NaWRKY70 in wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata and determined its role in regulating genes involved in the production of JA, ABA and the phytoalexin capsidiol in response to the fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata using techniques including electrophoretic mobility shift, chromatin immunoprecipitation, transient overexpression and virus-induced gene silencing. Silencing NaWRKY70 dramatically reduced both basal and A. alternata-induced jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and ABA. Further evidence showed that NaWRKY70 directly binds to the W-boxes of the promoters of NaAOS and NaJAR4 (JA biosynthesis), NaNCED1 and NaXD1-like (ABA biosynthesis), and NaMPK4 (ABA signaling) to activate their expression, while binding but repressing the expression of NaCYP707A4-like3 (ABA degradation). Additionally, NaWRKY70 regulates capsidiol production through its key enzyme genes NaEASs and NaEAHs, and interacts with its regulator NaERF2-like to enhance their expression, whereas ABA negatively regulates capsidiol biosynthesis. Our results highlight the key role of NaWRKY70 in controlling both JA-Ile and ABA production, as well as capsidiol production, thus providing new insight into the defense mechanism of plant resistance to A. alternata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Song
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
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Maeda S, Goto S, Inoue H, Suwazono H, Takatsuji H, Mori M. Improvement of Broad-Spectrum Disease-Resistant Rice by the Overexpression of BSR1 via a Moderate-Strength Constitutive Promoter and a Pathogen-Inducible Promoter. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1138. [PMID: 38674547 PMCID: PMC11054640 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Conferring crops with resistance to multiple diseases is crucial for stable food production. Genetic engineering is an effective means of achieving this. The rice receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase BSR1 mediates microbe-associated molecular pattern-induced immunity. In our previous study, we demonstrated that rice lines overexpressing BSR1 under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter exhibited broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast, brown spot, leaf blight, and bacterial seedling rot. However, unfavorable phenotypes were observed, such as a decreased seed germination rate and a partial darkening of husked rice. Herein, we present a strategy to address these unfavorable phenotypes using an OsUbi7 constitutive promoter with moderate expression levels and a pathogen-inducible PR1b promoter. Rice lines expressing BSR1 under the influence of both promoters maintained broad-spectrum disease resistance. The seed germination rate and coloration of husked rice were similar to those of the wild-type rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Maeda
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan; (S.G.); (H.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Shingo Goto
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan; (S.G.); (H.I.); (M.M.)
- Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Shizuoka 424-0292, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Inoue
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan; (S.G.); (H.I.); (M.M.)
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Haruka Suwazono
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan; (S.G.); (H.I.); (M.M.)
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takatsuji
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan; (S.G.); (H.I.); (M.M.)
| | - Masaki Mori
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba 305-8634, Japan; (S.G.); (H.I.); (M.M.)
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11
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Sharma A, Choudhary P, Chakdar H, Shukla P. Molecular insights and omics-based understanding of plant-microbe interactions under drought stress. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:42. [PMID: 38105277 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The detrimental effects of adverse environmental conditions are always challenging and remain a major concern for plant development and production worldwide. Plants deal with such constraints by physiological, biochemical, and morphological adaptations as well as acquiring mutual support of beneficial microorganisms. As many stress-responsive traits of plants are influenced by microbial activities, plants have developed a sophisticated interaction with microbes to cope with adverse environmental conditions. The production of numerous bioactive metabolites by rhizospheric, endo-, or epiphytic microorganisms can directly or indirectly alter the root system architecture, foliage production, and defense responses. Although plant-microbe interactions have been shown to improve nutrient uptake and stress resilience in plants, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. "Multi-omics" application supported by genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics has been quite useful to investigate and understand the biochemical, physiological, and molecular aspects of plant-microbe interactions under drought stress conditions. The present review explores various microbe-mediated mechanisms for drought stress resilience in plants. In addition, plant adaptation to drought stress is discussed, and insights into the latest molecular techniques and approaches available to improve drought-stress resilience are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Sharma
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Prassan Choudhary
- Microbial Technology Unit II, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India
| | - Hillol Chakdar
- Microbial Technology Unit II, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (NBAIM), Mau, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India.
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12
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Li X, Zhang J, Shangguan X, Yin J, Zhu L, Hu J, Du B, Lv W. Knockout of OsWRKY71 impairs Bph15-mediated resistance against brown planthopper in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1260526. [PMID: 38023936 PMCID: PMC10652391 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1260526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The Bph15 gene, known for its ability to confer resistance to the brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens Stål), has been extensively employed in rice breeding. However, the molecular mechanism by which Bph15 provides resistance against BPH in rice remains poorly understood. In this study, we reported that the transcription factor OsWRKY71 was highly responsive to BPH infestation and exhibited early-induced expression in Bph15-NIL (near-isogenic line) plants, and OsWRKY71 was localized in the nucleus of rice protoplasts. The knockout of OsWRKY71 in the Bph15-NIL background by CRISPR-Cas9 technology resulted in an impaired Bph15-mediated resistance against BPH. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the transcript profiles responsive to BPH differed between the wrky71 mutant and Bph15-NIL, and the knockout of OsWRKY71 altered the expression of defense genes. Subsequent quantitative RT-PCR analysis identified three genes, namely sesquiterpene synthase OsSTPS2, EXO70 family gene OsEXO70J1, and disease resistance gene RGA2, which might participate in BPH resistance conferred by OsWRKY71 in Bph15-NIL plants. Our investigation demonstrated the pivotal involvement of OsWRKY71 in Bph15-mediated resistance and provided new insights into the rice defense mechanisms against BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozun Li
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxin Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Jingjing Yin
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentang Lv
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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13
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Han S, Shen Z, Gao Q, Jin N, Lou Y. Knocking Out OsRLK7-1 Impairs Rice Growth and Development but Enhances Its Resistance to Planthoppers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14569. [PMID: 37834016 PMCID: PMC10572756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) are an important subfamily of receptor-like kinases (RLKs) in plants that play key roles in sensing different biotic and abiotic stress. However, the role of LRR-RLKs in herbivore-induced plant defense remains largely elusive. Here, we found that the expression of a rice gene, OsRLK7-1, was induced by mechanical wounding, but was slightly suppressed by the infestation of gravid females of brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) or white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera). Through targeted disruption of OsRLK7-1 (resulting in the ko-rlk lines), we observed an augmentation in transcript levels of BPH-induced OsMPK3, OsWRKY30, OsWRKY33, and OsWRKY45, alongside heightened levels of planthopper-induced jasmonic acid, JA-isoleucine, and abscisic acid in plant tissues. These dynamic changes further facilitated the biosynthesis of multiple phenolamides within the rice plants, culminating in an enhanced resistance to planthopper infestations under both lab and field conditions. In addition, knocking out OsRLK7-1 impaired plant growth and reproduction. These results suggest that OsRLK7-1 plays an important role in regulating rice growth, development, and rice-planthopper interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanjie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhifan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nuo Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Agricultural Entomology, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
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14
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Yang X, Yan S, Li Y, Li G, Sun S, Li J, Cui Z, Huo J, Sun Y, Wang X, Liu F. Comparison of Transcriptome between Tolerant and Susceptible Rice Cultivar Reveals Positive and Negative Regulators of Response to Rhizoctonia solani in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14310. [PMID: 37762614 PMCID: PMC10532033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the world's most crucial food crops, as it currently supports more than half of the world's population. However, the presence of sheath blight (SB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani has become a significant issue for rice agriculture. This disease is responsible for causing severe yield losses each year and is a threat to global food security. The breeding of SB-resistant rice varieties requires a thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved and the exploration of immune genes in rice. To this end, we conducted a screening of rice cultivars for resistance to SB and compared the transcriptome based on RNA-seq between the most tolerant and susceptible cultivars. Our study revealed significant transcriptomic differences between the tolerant cultivar ZhengDao 22 (ZD) and the most susceptible cultivar XinZhi No.1 (XZ) in response to R. solani invasion. Specifically, the tolerant cultivar showed 7066 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), while the susceptible cultivar showed only 60 DEGs. In further analysis, we observed clear differences in gene category between up- and down-regulated expression of genes (uDEGs and dDEGs) based on Gene Ontology (GO) classes in response to infection in the tolerant cultivar ZD, and then identified uDEGs related to cell surface pattern recognition receptors, the Ca2+ ion signaling pathway, and the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade that play a positive role against R. solani. In addition, DEGs of the jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling pathways were mainly positively regulated, whereas DEGs of the auxin signaling pathway were mainly negatively regulated. Transcription factors were involved in the immune response as either positive or negative regulators of the response to this pathogen. Furthermore, our results showed that chloroplasts play a crucial role and that reduced photosynthetic capacity is a critical feature of this response. The results of this research have important implications for better characterization of the molecular mechanism of SB resistance and for the development of resistant cultivars through molecular breeding methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Shuangyong Yan
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yuejiao Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Guangsheng Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Shuqin Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Junling Li
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Zhongqiu Cui
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Jianfei Huo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Fangzhou Liu
- Institute of Crop Research, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
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15
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Yuan DP, Li Z, Chen H, Li S, Xuan YH, Ma D. bZIP23 interacts with NAC028 to modulate rice resistance to sheath blight disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 672:89-96. [PMID: 37343319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight disease (ShB) is a serious threat to rice production, and breeding ShB-resistance varieties is the most effective strategy for ShB control. However, the molecular mechanisms of rice resistance to ShB are largely unknown. In this study, the NAC transcription factor NAC028 was shown to be sensitive to ShB infection. ShB inoculation assays revealed that NAC028 is a positive regulator of ShB resistance. To elucidate the molecular basis of NAC028-mediated ShB resistance, another transcription factor (bZIP23) was identified as a NAC028-interacting protein. Results of the transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that CAD8B, a key enzyme for lignin biosynthesis and ShB resistance, is regulated by both bZIP23 and NAC028. The combination of the yeast-one hybrid, ChIP-qPCR, and transactivation assays illustrated that both bZIP23 and NAC028 directly bind the CAD8B promoter and activate its expression. The transcriptional connection between bZIP23 and NAC028 was also investigated and the results of in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that NAC028 was one of the target genes of bZIP23, but not vice versa. The results presented here provide new insights into the molecular basis of ShB resistance and contribute to the potential targets for the ShB resistance breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Peng Yuan
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Hu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Dianrong Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Liaodong University, Dandong, 118001, China.
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16
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Liu K, Ma X, Zhao L, Lai X, Chen J, Lang X, Han Q, Wan X, Li C. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of three varieties with different brown planthopper-resistance identifies leaf sheath lncRNAs in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:367. [PMID: 37480003 PMCID: PMC10362764 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04374-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been brought great attention for their crucial roles in diverse biological processes. However, systematic identification of lncRNAs associated with specialized rice pest, brown planthopper (BPH), defense in rice remains unexplored. RESULTS In this study, a genome-wide high throughput sequencing analysis was performed using leaf sheaths of susceptible rice Taichung Native 1 (TN1) and resistant rice IR36 and R476 with and without BPH feeding. A total of 2283 lncRNAs were identified, of which 649 lncRNAs were differentially expressed. During BPH infestation, 84 (120 in total), 52 (70 in total) and 63 (94 in total) of differentially expressed lncRNAs were found only in TN1, IR36 and R476, respectively. Through analyzing their cis-, trans-, and target mimic-activities, not only the lncRNAs targeting resistance genes (NBS-LRR and RLKs) and transcription factors, but also the lncRNAs acting as the targets of the well-studied stress-related miRNAs (miR2118, miR528, and miR1320) in each variety were identified. Before the BPH feeding, 238 and 312 lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in TN1 vs. IR36 and TN1 vs. R476, respectively. Among their putative targets, the plant-pathogen interaction pathway was significantly enriched. It is speculated that the resistant rice was in a priming state by the regulation of lncRNAs. Furthermore, the lncRNAs extensively involved in response to BPH feeding were identified by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), and the possible regulation networks of the key lncRNAs were constructed. These lncRNAs regulate different pathways that contribute to the basal defense and specific resistance of rice to the BPH. CONCLUSION In summary, we identified the specific lncRNAs targeting the well-studied stress-related miRNAs, resistance genes, and transcription factors in each variety during BPH infestation. Additionally, the possible regulating network of the lncRNAs extensively responding to BPH feeding revealed by WGCNA were constructed. These findings will provide further understanding of the regulatory roles of lncRNAs in BPH defense, and lay a foundation for functional research on the candidate lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xiaozhi Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Luyao Zhao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lai
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xingxuan Lang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Qunxin Han
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Xiaorong Wan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
| | - Chunmei Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Crop Germplasm Resources, Guangdong University Key Laboratory for Sustainable Control of Fruit and Vegetable Diseases and Pests & Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control on Fruits and Vegetables in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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17
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Hale B, Ratnayake S, Flory A, Wijeratne R, Schmidt C, Robertson AE, Wijeratne AJ. Gene regulatory network inference in soybean upon infection by Phytophthora sojae. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287590. [PMID: 37418376 PMCID: PMC10328377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora sojae is a soil-borne oomycete and the causal agent of Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRR) in soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merrill). Yield losses attributed to P. sojae are devastating in disease-conducive environments, with global estimates surpassing 1.1 million tonnes annually. Historically, management of PRR has entailed host genetic resistance (both vertical and horizontal) complemented by disease-suppressive cultural practices (e.g., oomicide application). However, the vast expansion of complex and/or diverse P. sojae pathotypes necessitates developing novel technologies to attenuate PRR in field environments. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to couple high-throughput sequencing data and deep learning to elucidate molecular features in soybean following infection by P. sojae. In doing so, we generated transcriptomes to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during compatible and incompatible interactions with P. sojae and a mock inoculation. The expression data were then used to select two defense-related transcription factors (TFs) belonging to WRKY and RAV families. DNA Affinity Purification and sequencing (DAP-seq) data were obtained for each TF, providing putative DNA binding sites in the soybean genome. These bound sites were used to train Deep Neural Networks with convolutional and recurrent layers to predict new target sites of WRKY and RAV family members in the DEG set. Moreover, we leveraged publicly available Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) DAP-seq data for five TF families enriched in our transcriptome analysis to train similar models. These Arabidopsis data-based models were used for cross-species TF binding site prediction on soybean. Finally, we created a gene regulatory network depicting TF-target gene interactions that orchestrate an immune response against P. sojae. Information herein provides novel insight into molecular plant-pathogen interaction and may prove useful in developing soybean cultivars with more durable resistance to P. sojae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Hale
- Molecular Biosciences Graduate Program, Arkansas State University, State University, AR, United States of America
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, State University, AR, United States of America
- College of Science and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, State University, AR, United States of America
| | - Sandaruwan Ratnayake
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, State University, AR, United States of America
- College of Science and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, State University, AR, United States of America
| | - Ashley Flory
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, State University, AR, United States of America
| | | | - Clarice Schmidt
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Alison E. Robertson
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America
| | - Asela J. Wijeratne
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, State University, AR, United States of America
- College of Science and Mathematics, Arkansas State University, State University, AR, United States of America
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18
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Tsai SH, Hsiao YC, Chang PE, Kuo CE, Lai MC, Chuang HW. Exploring the Biologically Active Metabolites Produced by Bacillus cereus for Plant Growth Promotion, Heat Stress Tolerance, and Resistance to Bacterial Soft Rot in Arabidopsis. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050676. [PMID: 37233717 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Eight gene clusters responsible for synthesizing bioactive metabolites associated with plant growth promotion were identified in the Bacillus cereus strain D1 (BcD1) genome using the de novo whole-genome assembly method. The two largest gene clusters were responsible for synthesizing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and encoding extracellular serine proteases. The treatment with BcD1 resulted in an increase in leaf chlorophyll content, plant size, and fresh weight in Arabidopsis seedlings. The BcD1-treated seedlings also accumulated higher levels of lignin and secondary metabolites including glucosinolates, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. Antioxidant enzyme activity and DPPH radical scavenging activity were also found to be higher in the treated seedlings as compared with the control. Seedlings pretreated with BcD1 exhibited increased tolerance to heat stress and reduced disease incidence of bacterial soft rot. RNA-seq analysis showed that BcD1 treatment activated Arabidopsis genes for diverse metabolite synthesis, including lignin and glucosinolates, and pathogenesis-related proteins such as serine protease inhibitors and defensin/PDF family proteins. The genes responsible for synthesizing indole acetic acid (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA) were expressed at higher levels, along with WRKY transcription factors involved in stress regulation and MYB54 for secondary cell wall synthesis. This study found that BcD1, a rhizobacterium producing VOCs and serine proteases, is capable of triggering the synthesis of diverse secondary metabolites and antioxidant enzymes in plants as a defense strategy against heat stress and pathogen attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sih-Huei Tsai
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Hsiao
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Peter E Chang
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Chen-En Kuo
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chun Lai
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Wen Chuang
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 600355, Taiwan
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19
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Li Z, Ahammed GJ. Salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in elevated CO 2-induced plant defense response to pathogens. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 286:154019. [PMID: 37244001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to elevated CO2 (eCO2) via a variety of signaling pathways that often rely on plant hormones. In particular, phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) play a key role in plant defense against diverse pathogens at eCO2. eCO2 affects the synthesis and signaling of SA and/or JA and variations in SA and JA signaling lead to variations in plant defense responses to pathogens. In general, eCO2 promotes SA signaling and represses the JA pathway, and thus diseases caused by biotrophic and hemibiotrophic pathogens are typically suppressed, while the incidence and severity of diseases caused by necrotrophic fungal pathogens are enhanced under eCO2 conditions. Moreover, eCO2-induced modulation of antagonism between SA and JA leads to altered plant immunity to different pathogens. Notably, research in this area has often yielded contradictory findings and these responses vary depending on plant species, growth conditions, photoperiod, and fertilizer management. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in SA, and JA signaling pathways in plant defense and their involvement in plant immune responses to pathogens under eCO2. Since atmospheric CO2 will continue to increase, it is crucial to further explore how eCO2 may alter plant defense and host-pathogen interactions in the context of climate change in both natural as well as agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Li
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Luoyang, 471023, PR China; Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Horticultural Crop safety and Disease Control, Luoyang, 471023, PR China.
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Islam MR, Chowdhury R, Roy AS, Islam MN, Mita MM, Bashar S, Saha P, Rahat RA, Hasan M, Akter MA, Alam MZ, Latif MA. Native Trichoderma Induced the Defense-Related Enzymes and Genes in Rice against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ( Xoo). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091864. [PMID: 37176922 PMCID: PMC10180545 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of Trichoderma is a form of biological control that has been effective in combating Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causative agent of the devastating disease known as bacterial blight of rice. In this present study, four strains of Trichoderma, viz., T. paraviridescens (BDISOF67), T. erinaceum (BDISOF91), T. asperellum (BDISOF08), and T. asperellum (BDISOF09), were collected from the rice rhizosphere and used to test their potentiality in reducing bacterial blight. The expression patterns of several core defense-related enzymes and genes related to SA and JA pathways were studied to explore the mechanism of induced resistance by those Trichoderma strains. The results primarily indicated that all Trichoderma were significantly efficient in reducing the lesion length of the leaf over rice check variety (IR24) through enhancing the expression of core defense-related enzymes, such as PAL, PPO, CAT, and POD activities by 4.27, 1.77, 3.53, and 1.57-fold, respectively, over control. Moreover, the results of qRT-PCR exhibited an upregulation of genes OsPR1, OsPR10, OsWRKY45, OsWRKY62, OsWRKY71, OsHI-LOX, and OsACS2 after 24 h of inoculation with all tested Trichoderma strains. However, in the case of RT-PCR, no major changes in OsPR1 and OsPR10 expression were observed in plants treated with different Trichoderma strains during different courses of time. Collectively, Trichoderma induced resistance in rice against X. oryzae pv. oryzae by triggering these core defense-related enzymes and genes associated with SA and JA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashidul Islam
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Rabin Chowdhury
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Arpita Saha Roy
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Islam
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mamuna Mahjabin Mita
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Samrin Bashar
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Plabon Saha
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ridwan Ahmed Rahat
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Arjina Akter
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahangir Alam
- Plant Bacteriology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Latif
- Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
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Chen J, Xuan Y, Yi J, Xiao G, Yuan DP, Li D. Progress in rice sheath blight resistance research. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1141697. [PMID: 37035075 PMCID: PMC10080073 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1141697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight (ShB) disease poses a major threat to rice yield throughout the world. However, the defense mechanisms against ShB in rice remain largely unknown. ShB resistance is a typical quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. With the rapid development of molecular methods, many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to agronomic traits, biotic and abiotic stresses, and yield have been identified by genome-wide association studies. The interactions between plants and pathogens are controlled by various plant hormone signaling pathways, and the pathways synergistically or antagonistically interact with each other, regulating plant growth and development as well as the defense response. This review summarizes the regulatory effects of hormones including auxin, ethylene, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, gibberellin, abscisic acid, strigolactone, and cytokinin on ShB and the crosstalk between the various hormones. Furthermore, the effects of sugar and nitrogen on rice ShB resistance, as well as information on genes related to ShB resistance in rice and their effects on ShB are also discussed. In summary, this review is a comprehensive description of the QTLs, hormones, nutrition, and other defense-related genes related to ShB in rice. The prospects of targeting the resistance mechanism as a strategy for controlling ShB in rice are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Chen
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianghui Yi
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China
| | - Guosheng Xiao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, China
| | - De Peng Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Transcriptome and Co-Expression Network Analysis Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of Rice Root Systems in Response to Low-Nitrogen Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065290. [PMID: 36982364 PMCID: PMC10048922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is an important nutrient for plant growth and essential metabolic processes. Roots integrally obtain nutrients from soil and are closely related to the growth and development of plants. In this study, the morphological analysis of rice root tissues collected at different time points under low-nitrogen and normal nitrogen conditions demonstrated that, compared with normal nitrogen treatment, the root growth and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of rice under low-nitrogen treatment were significantly improved. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of the rice root system’s response to low-nitrogen conditions, a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of rice seedling roots under low-nitrogen and control conditions was conducted in this study. As a result, 3171 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Rice seedling roots enhance NUE and promote root development by regulating the genes related to nitrogen absorption and utilization, carbon metabolism, root growth and development, and phytohormones, thereby adapting to low-nitrogen conditions. A total of 25,377 genes were divided into 14 modules using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Two modules were significantly associated with nitrogen absorption and utilization. A total of 8 core genes and 43 co-expression candidates related to nitrogen absorption and utilization were obtained in these two modules. Further studies on these genes will contribute to the understanding of low-nitrogen adaptation and nitrogen utilization mechanisms in rice.
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Li J, Xiong C, Ruan D, Du W, Li H, Ruan C. Identification of Camellia oleifera WRKY transcription factor genes and functional characterization of CoWRKY78. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1110366. [PMID: 36968410 PMCID: PMC10036053 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1110366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Camellia oleifera Abel is a highly valued woody edible oil tree, which is endemic to China. It has great economic value because C. oleifera seed oil contains a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. C. oleifera anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum fructicola, poses a serious threat to C. oleifera growth and yield and causes the benefit of the C. oleifera industry to suffer directly. The WRKY transcription factor family members have been widely characterized as vital regulators in plant response to pathogen infection. Until now, the number, type and biological function of C. oleifera WRKY genes are remains unknown. Here, we identified 90 C. oleifera WRKY members, which were distributed across 15 chromosomes. C. oleifera WRKY gene expansion was mainly attributed to segmental duplication. We performed transcriptomic analyses to verify the expression patterns of CoWRKYs between anthracnose-resistant and -susceptible cultivars of C. oleifera. These results demonstrated that multiple candidate CoWRKYs can be induced by anthracnose and provide useful clues for their functional studies. CoWRKY78, an anthracnose-induced WRKY gene, was isolated from C. oleifera. It was significantly down-regulated in anthracnose-resistant cultivars. Overexpression of CoWRKY78 in tobacco markedly reduced resistance to anthracnose than WT plants, as evidenced by more cell death, higher malonaldehyde content and reactive oxygen species (ROS), but lower activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), as well as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). Furthermore, the expression of multiple stress-related genes, which are associated with ROS-homeostasis (NtSOD and NtPOD), pathogen challenge (NtPAL), and pathogen defense (NtPR1, NtNPR1, and NtPDF1.2) were altered in the CoWRKY78-overexpressing plants. These findings increase our understanding of the CoWRKY genes and lay the foundation for the exploration of anthracnose resistance mechanisms and expedite the breeding of anthracnose-resistant C. oleifera cultivars.
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Contribution of a WRKY Transcription Factor, ShWRKY81, to Powdery Mildew Resistance in Wild Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032583. [PMID: 36768909 PMCID: PMC9917159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato powdery mildew, caused by Oidium neolycopersici, is a destructive fungal disease that damages almost all of the aerial parts of tomato, causing devastating losses in tomato production worldwide. WRKY transcription factors are key regulators of plant immunity, but the roles of ShWRKYs in wild tomato Solanum habrochaites LA1777 against O. neolycopersici still remain to be uncovered. Here, we show that ShWRKY81 is an important WRKY transcription factor from wild tomato Solanum habrochaites LA1777, contributing to plant resistance against O. neolycopersici. ShWRKY81 was isolated and identified to positively modulate tomato resistance against On-Lz. The transient overexpression of the ShWRKY81-GFP (green fluorescent protein) fusion protein in Nicotiana benthamiana cells revealed that ShWRKY81 was localized in the nucleus. ShWRKY81 responded differentially to abiotic and biotic stimuli, with ShWRKY81 mRNA accumulation in LA1777 seedlings upon On-Lz infection. The virus-induced gene silencing of ShWRKY81 led to host susceptibility to On-Lz in LA1777, and a loss of H2O2 formation and hypersensitive response (HR) induction. Furthermore, the transcripts of ShWRKY81 were induced by salicylic acid (SA), and ShWRKY81-silenced LA1777 seedlings displayed decreased levels of the defense hormone SA and SA-dependent PRs gene expression upon On-Lz infection. Together, these results demonstrate that ShWRKY81 acts as a positive player in tomato powdery mildew resistance.
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Tun W, Yoon J, Vo KTX, Cho LH, Hoang TV, Peng X, Kim EJ, Win KTYS, Lee SW, Jung KH, Jeon JS, An G. Sucrose preferentially promotes expression of OsWRKY7 and OsPR10a to enhance defense response to blast fungus in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1117023. [PMID: 36778713 PMCID: PMC9911862 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1117023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose controls various developmental and metabolic processes in plants. It also functions as a signaling molecule in the synthesis of carbohydrates, storage proteins, and anthocyanins, as well as in floral induction and defense response. We found that sucrose preferentially induced OsWRKY7, whereas other sugars (such as mannitol, glucose, fructose, galactose, and maltose) did not have the same effect. A hexokinase inhibitor mannoheptulose did not block the effect of sucrose, which is consequently thought to function directly. MG132 inhibited sucrose induction, suggesting that a repressor upstream of OsWRKY7 is degraded by the 26S proteasome pathway. The 3-kb promoter sequence of OsWRKY7 was preferentially induced by sucrose in the luciferase system. Knockout mutants of OsWRKY7 were more sensitive to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, whereas the overexpression of OsWRKY7 enhanced the resistance, indicating that this gene is a positive regulator in the plant defense against this pathogen. The luciferase activity driven by the OsPR10a promoter was induced by OsWRKY7 and this transcription factor bound to the promoter region of OsPR10a, suggesting that OsWRKY7 directly controls the expression of OsPR10a. We conclude that sucrose promotes the transcript level of OsWRKY7, thereby increasing the expression of OsPR10a for the defense response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Tun
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinmi Yoon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kieu Thi Xuan Vo
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Lae-Hyeon Cho
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Pusan National University, Miryang, Republic of Korea
| | - Trung Viet Hoang
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Peng
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eui-Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Kay Tha Ye Soe Win
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Gynheung An
- Graduate School of Green-Bio Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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26
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Liu L, Zhao K, Cai L, Zhang Y, Fu Q, Huang S. Combination effects of tebuconazole with Bacillus subtilis to control rice false smut and the related synergistic mechanism. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:234-243. [PMID: 36129117 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of rice false smut is based mainly on chemical control, which poses many safety and environmental challenges. The other option, biological control with biofungicides, does not have such problems but is not as reliable because of low systemic ability, and lower and unstable efficacy. Therefore, it is necessary to combine application of chemical fungicides and biological control agents (BCAs) and elucidate their synergistic mechanism. RESULTS A combination of tebuconazole and a proven BCA, Bacillus subtilis H158, was evaluated for control of rice false smut. Tebuconazole at low application rates stimulated growth of B. subtilis, prolonged the effective period of B. subtilis by enhancing its persistence on the surface of rice plants, accelerated biofilm formation of the BCA to facilitate colonization, promoted induced systemic resistance in rice by regulating defense-related enzymes and genes, and reduced the natural resistance of the pathogen by suppressing the key gene for fungal resistance to tebuconazole. However, at high application rates, tebuconazole had adverse effects on these factors and showed antagonistic combination effects with B. subtilis. The combination of B. subtilis with tebuconazole at low application rates showed great synergistic effects, but at high application rates showed only antagonistic effects in field experiments over two consecutive years. CONCLUSION The combination of B. subtilis with tebuconazole had significant synergistic effects at low application rates. The synergistic effects are the result of multiple mechanisms involved in BCA, rice and the fungal pathogen. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianmeng Liu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kehan Zhao
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lubin Cai
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiwen Huang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Wan Z, Li X, Cheng H, Zhang J, Chen Y, Xu Y, Jin S. Comprehensive Genomic Survey, Structural Classification, and Expression Analysis of WRKY Transcription Factor Family in Rhododendron simsii. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212967. [PMID: 36365420 PMCID: PMC9654210 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
(1) Rhododendron is one of the top ten traditional flowers in China, with both high ornamental and economic values. However, with the change of the environment, Rhododendron suffers from various biological stresses. The WRKY transcription factor is a member of the most crucial transcription factor families, which plays an essential regulatory role in a variety of physiological processes and developmental stresses. (2) In this study, 57 RsWRKYs were identified using genome data and found to be randomly distributed on 13 chromosomes. Based on gene structure and phylogenetic relationships, 57 proteins were divided into three groups: I, II, and III. Multiple alignments of RsWRKYs with Arabidopsis thaliana homologous genes revealed that WRKY domains in different groups had different conserved sites. RsWRKYs have a highly conserved domain, WRKYGQK, with three variants, WRKYGKK, WRKYGEK, and WRKYGRK. Furthermore, cis-acting elements analysis revealed that all of the RsWRKYs had stress and plant hormone cis-elements, with figures varying by group. Finally, the expression patterns of nine WRKY genes treated with gibberellin acid (GA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), heat, and drought in Rhododendron were also measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The results showed that the expression levels of the majority of RsWRKY genes changed in response to multiple phytohormones and abiotic stressors. (3) This current study establishes a theoretical basis for future studies on the response of RsWRKY transcription factors to various hormone and abiotic stresses as well as a significant foundation for the breeding of new stress-tolerant Rhododendron varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Wan
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Hefeng Cheng
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Yujia Chen
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Yanxia Xu
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Songheng Jin
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
- School of Life Science and Health, Huzhou College, Huzhou 313000, China
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28
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Shi B, Hou J, Yang J, Han IJ, Tu D, Ye S, Yu J, Li L. Genome-wide analysis of the CSN genes in land plants and their expression under various abiotic stress and phytohormone conditions in rice. Gene 2022; 850:146905. [PMID: 36181988 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN) is a multi-functional protein complex, which is involved in plant growth and abiotic stress response. However, the evolution and function of the CSN genes in land plants are still largely unclear. Here, we have identified 124 CSN genes and constructed phylogenetic trees of these CSN proteins to elucidate their feature and evolution in twelve land plants. Analysis of gene structure, protein property and protein motif composition shows the evolutional conservation and variation of the CSN proteins in land plants. These CSN genes might evolve through whole genome duplication (WGD)/segmental duplication (SD) and tandem duplication (TD). Analysis of promoter cis-elements shows that the CSN genes are implicated in diverse biological processes and different signaling pathways. RT-qPCR indicates that the transcript abundance of the OsCSN genes is up-regulated or down-regulated in response to abiotic stress and treatment with various hormones in rice. These results provide new insights into the CSN gene evolution and its possible function in land plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiaqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Il-Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Daoyi Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jinfu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lijia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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“KRiShI”: a manually curated knowledgebase on rice sheath blight disease. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:1403-1410. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00899-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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30
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Zhou J, Huang PW, Li X, Vaistij FE, Dai CC. Generalist endophyte Phomopsis liquidambaris colonization of Oryza sativa L. promotes plant growth under nitrogen starvation. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:703-715. [PMID: 35522401 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01268-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fungal endophytes establish symbiotic relationships with host plants, which results in a mutual growth benefit. However, little is known about the plant genetic response underpinning endophyte colonization. Phomopsis liquidambaris usually lives as an endophyte in a wide range of asymptomatic hosts and promotes biotic and abiotic stress resistance. In this study, we show that under low nitrogen conditions P. liquidambaris promotes rice growth in a hydroponic system, which is free of other microorganisms. In order to gain insights into the mechanisms of plant colonization by P. liquidambaris under low nitrogen conditions, we compared root and shoot transcriptome profiles of root-inoculated rice at different colonization stages. We determined that genes related to plant growth promotion, such as gibberellin and auxin related genes, were up-regulated at all developmental stages both locally and systemically. The largest group of up-regulated genes (in both roots and shoots) were related to flavonoid biosynthesis, which is involved in plant growth as well as antimicrobial compounds. Furthermore, genes encoding plant defense-related endopeptidase inhibitors were strongly up-regulated at the early stage of colonization. Together, these results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of plant-microbe mutualism and the promotion of plant growth by a fungal endophyte under nitrogen-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, United Kingdom
| | - Peng-Wei Huang
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Fabián E Vaistij
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, United Kingdom
| | - Chuan-Chao Dai
- Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Center for Industrialization of Microbial Resources, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China.
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31
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Cui Z, Xue C, Mei Q, Xuan Y. Malectin Domain Protein Kinase (MDPK) Promotes Rice Resistance to Sheath Blight via IDD12, IDD13, and IDD14. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158214. [PMID: 35897795 PMCID: PMC9331740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheath blight (ShB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a major disease of rice, seriously affecting yield; however, the molecular defense mechanism against ShB remains unclear. A previous transcriptome analysis of rice identified that R. solani inoculation significantly induced MDPK. Genetic studies using MDPK RNAi and overexpressing plants identified that MDPK positively regulates ShB resistance. This MDPK protein was found localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. Yeast one-hybrid assay, electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) showed that the intermediate domain proteins IDD12, IDD13, and IDD14 bind to the MDPK promoter. Moreover, IDD14 was found to interact with IDD12 and IDD13 to form a transcription complex to activate MDPK expression. The three IDDs demonstrated an additive effect on MDPK activation. Further genetic studies showed that the IDD13 and IDD14 single mutants were more susceptible to ShB but not IDD12, while IDD12, IDD13, and IDD14 overexpressing plants were less susceptible than the wild-type plants. The IDD12, IDD13, and IDD14 mutants also proved the additive effect of the three IDDs on MDPK expression, which regulates ShB resistance in rice. Notably, MDPK overexpression maintained normal yield levels in rice. Thus, our study proves that IDD12, IDD13, and IDD14 activate MDPK to enhance ShB resistance in rice. These results improve our knowledge of rice defense mechanisms and provide a valuable marker for resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Cui
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Z.C.); (C.X.)
- Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Caiyun Xue
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Z.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Qiong Mei
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Z.C.); (C.X.)
- Correspondence: (Q.M.); (Y.X.); Tel.: +86-24-88342065 (Q.M. &Y.X.)
| | - Yuanhu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Z.C.); (C.X.)
- Correspondence: (Q.M.); (Y.X.); Tel.: +86-24-88342065 (Q.M. &Y.X.)
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Fang X, Ma J, Guo F, Qi D, Zhao M, Zhang C, Wang L, Song B, Liu S, He S, Liu Y, Wu J, Xu P, Zhang S. The AP2/ERF GmERF113 Positively Regulates the Drought Response by Activating GmPR10-1 in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158159. [PMID: 35897735 PMCID: PMC9330420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene response factors (ERFs) are involved in biotic and abiotic stress; however, the drought resistance mechanisms of many ERFs in soybeans have not been resolved. Previously, we proved that GmERF113 enhances resistance to the pathogen Phytophthora sojae in soybean. Here, we determined that GmERF113 is induced by 20% PEG-6000. Compared to the wild-type plants, soybean plants overexpressing GmERF113 (GmERF113-OE) displayed increased drought tolerance which was characterized by milder leaf wilting, less water loss from detached leaves, smaller stomatal aperture, lower Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased proline accumulation, and higher Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Peroxidase (POD) activities under drought stress, whereas plants with GmERF113 silenced through RNA interference were the opposite. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual effector-reporter assays showed that GmERF113 binds to the GCC-box in the GmPR10-1 promoter, activating GmPR10-1 expression directly. Overexpressing GmPR10-1 improved drought resistance in the composite soybean plants with transgenic hairy roots. RNA-seq analysis revealed that GmERF113 downregulates abscisic acid 8′-hydroxylase 3 (GmABA8’-OH 3) and upregulates various drought-related genes. Overexpressing GmERF113 and GmPR10-1 increased the abscisic acid (ABA) content and reduced the expression of GmABA8’-OH3 in transgenic soybean plants and hairy roots, respectively. These results reveal that the GmERF113-GmPR10-1 pathway improves drought resistance and affects the ABA content in soybean, providing a theoretical basis for the molecular breeding of drought-tolerant soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fang
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jia Ma
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Fengcai Guo
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dongyue Qi
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ming Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chuanzhong Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Le Wang
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bo Song
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shengfu He
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaguang Liu
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Junjiang Wu
- Soybean Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Soybean Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (P.X.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- Soybean Research Institute of Northeast Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry, Harbin 150030, China; (X.F.); (J.M.); (F.G.); (D.Q.); (M.Z.); (C.Z.); (L.W.); (B.S.); (S.L.); (S.H.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (P.X.); (S.Z.)
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Cyclopaldic Acid, the Main Phytotoxic Metabolite of Diplodia cupressi, Induces Programmed Cell Death and Autophagy in Arabidopsis thaliana. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070474. [PMID: 35878212 PMCID: PMC9325063 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclopaldic acid is one of the main phytotoxic metabolites produced by fungal pathogens of the genus Seiridium, causal agents, among others, of the canker disease of plants of the Cupressaceae family. Previous studies showed that the metabolite can partially reproduce the symptoms of the infection and that it is toxic to different plant species, thereby proving to be a non-specific phytotoxin. Despite the remarkable biological effects of the compound, which revealed also insecticidal, fungicidal and herbicidal properties, information about its mode of action is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the effects of cyclopaldic acid in Arabidopsis thaliana plants and protoplasts, in order to get information about subcellular targets and mechanism of action. Results of biochemical assays showed that cyclopaldic acid induced leaf chlorosis, ion leakage, membrane-lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide production, inhibited root proton extrusion in vivo and plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity in vitro. qRT-PCR experiments demonstrated that the toxin elicited the transcription of key regulators of the immune response to necrotrophic fungi, of hormone biosynthesis, as well as of genes involved in senescence and programmed cell death. Confocal microscopy analysis of protoplasts allowed to address the question of subcellular targets of the toxin. Cyclopaldic acid targeted the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, inducing depolarization of the transmembrane potential, mitochondria, disrupting the mitochondrial network and eliciting overproduction of reactive oxygen species, and vacuole, determining tonoplast disgregation and induction of vacuole-mediated programmed cell death and autophagy.
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Katuuramu DN, Branham SE, Levi A, Wechter WP. Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Resistance to Pseudoperonospora cubensis in Citron Watermelon. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:1952-1958. [PMID: 34941369 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-21-1611-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated sweet watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) is an important vegetable crop for millions of people around the world. There are limited sources of resistance to economically important diseases within C. lanatus, whereas C. amarus has a reservoir of traits that can be exploited to improve C. lanatus for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Cucurbit downy mildew (CDM), caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis, is an emerging threat to watermelon production. We screened 122 C. amarus accessions for resistance to CDM over two tests (environments). The accessions were genotyped by whole-genome resequencing to generate 2,126,759 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) markers. A genome-wide association study was deployed to uncover marker-trait associations and identify candidate genes underlying resistance to CDM. Our results indicate the presence of wide phenotypic variability (1.1 to 57.8%) for leaf area infection, representing a 50.7-fold variation for CDM resistance across the C. amarus germplasm collection. Broad-sense heritability estimate was 0.55, implying the presence of moderate genetic effects for resistance to CDM. The peak SNP markers associated with resistance to P. cubensis were located on chromosomes Ca03, Ca05, Ca07, and Ca11. The significant SNP markers accounted for up to 30% of the phenotypic variation and were associated with promising candidate genes encoding leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase and the WRKY transcription factor. This information will be useful in understanding the genetic architecture of the P. cubensis-Citrullus spp. patho-system as well as development of resources for genomics-assisted breeding for resistance to CDM in watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis N Katuuramu
- U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Charleston, SC 29414
| | - Sandra E Branham
- Coastal Research and Educational Center, Clemson University, Charleston, SC 29414
| | - Amnon Levi
- U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Charleston, SC 29414
| | - W Patrick Wechter
- U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Charleston, SC 29414
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Zhang Y, Yu Q, Gao S, Yu N, Zhao L, Wang J, Zhao J, Huang P, Yao L, Wang M, Zhang K. Disruption of the primary salicylic acid hydroxylases in rice enhances broad-spectrum resistance against pathogens. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2211-2225. [PMID: 35394681 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a crucial hormone involved in plant immunity. Rice (Oryza sativa) maintains high SA levels that are not induced by pathogens. However, the roles of SA in rice immunity and yield remain largely unknown. Here, we identified SA 5-hydroxylases 1 (OsS5H1) and 2 (OsS5H2) as the primary enzymes engaged in catalysing SA to 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHBA) in rice. SA levels were significantly increased in the oss5h mutants, while they were dramatically decreased in the OsS5H1 and OsS5H2 overexpression lines. The mutants were resistant, whereas the overexpression lines were susceptible to Pyricularia oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae. Moreover, the pathogen-associated molecular patterns-triggered immunity responses, including reactive oxygen species burst and callose deposition, were enhanced in all the mutants and compromised in the overexpression lines. Quantification of the agronomic traits of the oss5h mutants grown in the paddy fields demonstrated that the grain number per panicle was decreased as the SA levels increased; however, the tiller number and grain size were enhanced, resulting in no significant yield penalty. Collectively, we reveal that mildly increasing SA content in rice can confer broad-spectrum resistance without yield penalty and put new insights into the roles of SA in immunity and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qilu Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shilei Gao
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ningning Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinbin Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiangzhe Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linbo Yao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mo Wang
- Fujian Universities Key Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interaction, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Kewei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology on Specialty Economic Plants, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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Das A, Moin M, Sahu A, Kshattry M, Kirti PB, Barah P. Time-course transcriptome analysis identifies rewiring patterns of transcriptional regulatory networks in rice under Rhizoctonia solani infection. Gene X 2022; 828:146468. [PMID: 35390443 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sheath Blight (SB) disease in rice is caused by the infection from the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani). SB is one of the most severe rice diseases that can cause up to 50% yield losses in rice. Naturally occurring rice varieties resistant to SB have not been reported yet. We have performed a Time-Series RNA-Seq analysis on a widely cultivated rice variety BPT-5204 for identifying transcriptome level response signatures during R. solani infection at 1st, 2nd and 5th day post infection (dpi). In total, 428, 3225 and 1225 genes were differentially expressed in the treated rice plants on 1, 2 and 5 dpi, respectively. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis identified significant processes and pathways differentially altered in the rice plants during the fungal infection. Machine learning and network based integrative approach was used to construct rice Transcriptional Regulatory Networks (TRNs) for the three time points. TRN analysis identified SUB1B, MYB30 and CCA1 as important regulatory hub transcription factors in rice during R. solani infection. Jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene biogenesis and signaling were induced on infection. SAR was up regulated, while photosynthesis and carbon fixation processes were significantly down regulated. Involvement of MAPK, CYPs, peroxidase, PAL, chitinase genes were also observed in response to the fungal infection. The integrative analysis identified seven putative SB resistance genes differentially regulated in rice during R. solani infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Das
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Mazahar Moin
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad 500030, India
| | - Ankur Sahu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Mrinmoy Kshattry
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | | | - Pankaj Barah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India.
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Wu XX, Yuan DP, Chen H, Kumar V, Kang SM, Jia B, Xuan YH. Ammonium transporter 1 increases rice resistance to sheath blight by promoting nitrogen assimilation and ethylene signalling. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:1085-1097. [PMID: 35170194 PMCID: PMC9129087 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sheath blight (ShB) significantly threatens rice yield production. However, the underlying mechanism of ShB defence in rice remains largely unknown. Here, we identified a highly ShB-susceptible mutant Ds-m which contained a mutation at the ammonium transporter 1;1 (AMT1;1) D358 N. AMT1;1 D358 N interacts with AMT1;1, AMT1;2 and AMT1;3 to inhibit the ammonium transport activity. The AMT1 RNAi was more susceptible and similar to the AMT1;1 D358 N mutant; however, plants with higher NH4+ uptake activity were less susceptible to ShB. Glutamine synthetase 1;1 (GS1;1) mutant gs1;1 and overexpressors (GS1;1 OXs) were more and less susceptible to ShB respectively. Furthermore, AMT1;1 overexpressor (AMT1;1 OX)/gs1;1 and gs1;1 exhibited a similar response to ShB, suggesting that ammonium assimilation rather than accumulation controls the ShB defence. Genetic and physiological assays further demonstrated that plants with higher amino acid or chlorophyll content promoted rice resistance to ShB. Interestingly, the expression of ethylene-related genes was higher in AMT1;1 OX and lower in RNAi mutants than in wild-type. Also, ethylene signalling positively regulated rice resistance to ShB and NH4+ uptake, suggesting that ethylene signalling acts downstream of AMT and also NH4+ uptake is under feedback control. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the AMT1 promotes rice resistance to ShB via the regulation of diverse metabolic and signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Xin Wu
- College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - De Peng Yuan
- College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Huan Chen
- College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Vikranth Kumar
- Division of Plant SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMOUSA
| | | | - Baolei Jia
- School of BioengineeringState Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green PapermakingQilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)JinanChina
- Department of Life SciencesChung‐Ang UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Yuan Hu Xuan
- College of Plant ProtectionShenyang Agricultural UniversityShenyangChina
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Geng X, Gao Z, Zhao L, Zhang S, Wu J, Yang Q, Liu S, Chen X. Comparative transcriptome analysis of resistant and susceptible wheat in response to Rhizoctonia cerealis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:235. [PMID: 35534832 PMCID: PMC9087934 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sheath blight is an important disease caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis that affects wheat yields worldwide. No wheat varieties have been identified with high resistance or immunity to sheath blight. Understanding the sheath blight resistance mechanism is essential for controlling this disease. In this study, we investigated the response of wheat to Rhizoctonia cerealis infection by analyzing the cytological changes and transcriptomes of common wheat 7182 with moderate sensitivity to sheath blight and H83 with moderate resistance. RESULTS The cytological observation showed that the growth of Rhizoctonia cerealis on the surface and its expansion inside the leaf sheath tissue were more rapid in the susceptible material. According to the transcriptome sequencing results, a total of 88685 genes were identified in both materials, including 20156 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of which 12087 was upregulated genes and 8069 was downregulated genes. At 36 h post-inoculation, compared with the uninfected control, 11498 DEGs were identified in resistant materials, with 5064 downregulated genes and 6434 upregulated genes, and 13058 genes were detected in susceptible materials, with 6759 downregulated genes and 6299 upregulated genes. At 72 h post-inoculation, compared with the uninfected control, 6578 DEGs were detected in resistant materials, with 2991 downregulated genes and 3587 upregulated genes, and 7324 genes were detected in susceptible materials, with 4119 downregulated genes and 3205 upregulated genes. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways enriched for the DEGs included biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, carbon metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction. In particular, phenylpropane biosynthesis pathway is specifically activated in resistant variety H83 after infection. Many DEGs also belonged to the MYB, AP2, NAC, and WRKY transcription factor families. CONCLUSIONS Thus, we suggest that the normal functioning of plant signaling pathways and differences in the expression of key genes and transcription factors in some important metabolic pathways may be important for defending wheat against sheath blight. These findings may facilitate further exploration of the sheath blight resistance mechanism in wheat and the cloning of related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxia Geng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shufa Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qunhui Yang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuhui Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinhong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering for Plant Breeding, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Senapati M, Tiwari A, Sharma N, Chandra P, Bashyal BM, Ellur RK, Bhowmick PK, Bollinedi H, Vinod KK, Singh AK, Krishnan SG. Rhizoctonia solani Kühn Pathophysiology: Status and Prospects of Sheath Blight Disease Management in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:881116. [PMID: 35592572 PMCID: PMC9111526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.881116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Sheath blight caused by necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is one of the most serious diseases of rice. Use of high yielding semi dwarf cultivars with dense planting and high dose of nitrogenous fertilizers accentuates the incidence of sheath blight in rice. Its diverse host range and ability to remain dormant under unfavorable conditions make the pathogen more difficult to manage. As there are no sources of complete resistance, management through chemical control has been the most adopted method for sheath blight management. In this review, we provide an up-to-date comprehensive description of host-pathogen interactions, various control measures such as cultural, chemical, and biological as well as utilizing host plant resistance. The section on utilizing host plant resistance includes identification of resistant sources, mapping QTLs and their validation, identification of candidate gene(s) and their introgression through marker-assisted selection. Advances and prospects of sheath blight management through biotechnological approaches such as overexpression of genes and gene silencing for transgenic development against R. solani are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoranjan Senapati
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajit Tiwari
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Chandra
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Bishnu Maya Bashyal
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjith Kumar Ellur
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Haritha Bollinedi
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - K. K. Vinod
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Gopala Krishnan
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Yang X, Gu X, Ding J, Yao L, Gao X, Zhang M, Meng Q, Wei S, Fu J. Gene expression analysis of resistant and susceptible rice cultivars to sheath blight after inoculation with Rhizoctonia solani. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:278. [PMID: 35392815 PMCID: PMC8991730 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08524-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris), is one of the most severe diseases in rice (Oryza sativa L.) worldwide. Studies on resistance genes and resistance mechanisms of rice sheath blight have mainly focused on indica rice. Rice sheath blight is a growing threat to rice production with the increasing planting area of japonica rice in Northeast China, and it is therefore essential to explore the mechanism of sheath blight resistance in this rice subspecies. RESULTS In this study, RNA-seq technology was used to analyse the gene expression changes of leaf sheath at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h after inoculation of the resistant cultivar 'Shennong 9819' and susceptible cultivar 'Koshihikari' with R. solani. In the early stage of R. solani infection of rice leaf sheaths, the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the inoculated leaf sheaths of resistant and susceptible cultivars showed different regularity. After inoculation, the number of DEGs in the resistant cultivar fluctuated, while the number of DEGs in the susceptible cultivar increased first and then decreased. In addition, the number of DEGs in the susceptible cultivar was always higher than that in the resistant cultivar. After inoculation with R. solani, the overall transcriptome changes corresponding to multiple biological processes, molecular functions, and cell components were observed in both resistant and susceptible cultivars. These included metabolic process, stimulus response, biological regulation, catalytic activity, binding and membrane, and they were differentially regulated. The phenylalanine metabolic pathway; tropane, piperidine, and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis pathways; and plant hormone signal transduction were significantly enriched in the early stage of inoculation of the resistant cultivar Shennong 9819, but not in the susceptible cultivar Koshihikari. This indicates that the response of the resistant cultivar Shennong 9819 to pathogen stress was faster than that of the susceptible cultivar. The expression of plant defense response marker PR1b gene, transcription factor OsWRKY30 and OsPAL1 and OsPAL6 genes that induce plant resistance were upregulated in the resistant cultivar. These data suggest that in the early stage of rice infection by R. solani, there is a pathogen-induced defence system in resistant rice cultivars, involving the expression of PR genes, key transcription factors, PAL genes, and the enrichment of defence-related pathways. CONCLUSION The transcriptome data revealed the molecular and biochemical differences between resistant and susceptible cultivars of rice after inoculation with R. solani, indicating that resistant cultivars have an immune response mechanism in the early stage of pathogen infection. Disease resistance is related to the overexpression of PR genes, key transcriptome factors, and PAL genes, which are potential targets for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, Liaoning, China.,Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Gu
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Junjie Ding
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liangliang Yao
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuedong Gao
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Maoming Zhang
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qingying Meng
- Jiamusi Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi, 154007, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Songhong Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, Liaoning, China.
| | - Junfan Fu
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, Liaoning, China.
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Zhu X, Rong W, Wang K, Guo W, Zhou M, Wu J, Ye X, Wei X, Zhang Z. Overexpression of TaSTT3b-2B improves resistance to sharp eyespot and increases grain weight in wheat. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2022; 20:777-793. [PMID: 34873799 PMCID: PMC8989504 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
STAUROSPORINE AND TEMPERATURE SENSITIVE3 (STT3) is a catalytic subunit of oligosaccharyltransferase, which is important for asparagine-linked glycosylation. Sharp eyespot, caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia cerealis, is a devastating disease of bread wheat. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying wheat defense against R. cerealis are still largely unclear. In this study, we identified TaSTT3a and TaSTT3b, two STT3 subunit genes from wheat and reported their functional roles in wheat defense against R. cerealis and increasing grain weight. The transcript abundance of TaSTT3b-2B was associated with the degree of wheat resistance to R. cerealis and induced by both R. cerealis and exogenous jasmonic acid (JA). Overexpression of TaSTT3b-2B significantly enhanced resistance to R. cerealis, grain weight, and JA content in transgenic wheat subjected to R. cerealis stress, while silencing of TaSTT3b-2B compromised resistance of wheat to R. cerealis. Transcriptomic analysis showed that TaSTT3b-2B affected the expression of a series of defense-related genes and JA biosynthesis-related genes, as well as genes coding starch synthase and sucrose synthase. Application of exogenous JA elevated expression levels of the abovementioned defense- and grain weight-related genes, and rescuing the resistance of TaSTT3b-2B-silenced wheat to R. cerealis, while pretreatment with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, an inhibitor of JA synthesis, attenuated the TaSTT3b-2B-mediated resistance to R. cerealis, suggesting that TaSTT3b-2B played critical roles in regulating R. cerealis resistance and grain weight via JA biosynthesis. Altogether, this study reveals new functional roles of TaSTT3b-2B in regulating plant innate immunity and grain weight, and illustrates its potential application value for wheat molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei Rong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Wei Guo
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Miaoping Zhou
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Jizhong Wu
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Xingguo Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuening Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zengyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae CropsMinistry of Agriculture/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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Wang L, Liu H, Yin Z, Li Y, Lu C, Wang Q, Ding X. A Novel Guanine Elicitor Stimulates Immunity in Arabidopsis and Rice by Ethylene and Jasmonic Acid Signaling Pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:841228. [PMID: 35251109 PMCID: PMC8893958 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.841228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight (ShB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most destructive diseases in rice. Fungicides are widely used to control ShB in agriculture. However, decades of excessive traditional fungicide use have led to environmental pollution and increased pathogen resistance. Generally, plant elicitors are regarded as environmentally friendly biological pesticides that enhance plant disease resistance by triggering plant immunity. Previously, we identified that the plant immune inducer ZhiNengCong (ZNC), a crude extract of the endophyte, has high activity and a strong ability to protect plants against pathogens. Here, we further found that guanine, which had a significant effect on inducing plant resistance to pathogens, might be an active component of ZNC. In our study, guanine activated bursts of reactive oxygen species, callose deposition and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Moreover, guanine-induced plant resistance to pathogens depends on ethylene and jasmonic acid but is independent of the salicylic acid signaling pathway. Most importantly, guanine functions as a new plant elicitor with broad-spectrum resistance to activate plant immunity, providing an efficient and environmentally friendly biological elicitor for bacterial and fungal disease biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Haoqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ziyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Chongchong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Qingbin Wang
- Shandong Pengbo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Tai’an, China
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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Xu C, Zhan C, Huang S, Xu Q, Tang T, Wang Y, Luo J, Zeng X. Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Qingke Involves the Accumulation of Aromatic Phenolamides Through Jasmonate-Mediated Activation of Defense-Related Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:900345. [PMID: 35845698 PMCID: PMC9280689 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.900345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew (PM) leads to severe yield reduction in qingke (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum). Although studies have focused on identifying PM-related resistance genes, mechanistic insights into the metabolic regulation networks of resistance against PM have rarely been explored in qingke. Here, we integrated transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic data using PM-susceptible (G72) and PM-resistant (K69) accessions to systemically explore the mechanisms of PM resistance. The integrated results show that a rapidly transduction of jasmonic acid (JA) and (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and importantly, a inducing accumulation of aromatic PAs conferred qingke-specific resistance for PM stress. Functional analysis revealed that the four BAHD N-acyltransferase genes were responsible for the synthesis of aliphatic and aromatic PAs. The expression of the four genes are induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and PM treatment. Co-expression network analysis shows that a histone lysine demethylase, JMJ705 gene, also induced by MeJA and PM treatment, had highly correlation with PAs biosynthesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-seq assays revealed that the level of trimethylated histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) of the four genes in MeJA and PM-treated plants was significantly reduced. Overall, our results suggest that a novel strategy for jasmonic acid signal-mediated demethylation controlling the accumulation of aromatic PAs to enhance plant immune resistance through removal of H3K27me3 and activating defense-related gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences Lhasa, Tibet, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Chuansong Zhan
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Sishu Huang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Qijun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences Lhasa, Tibet, China
| | - Tang Tang
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Luo,
| | - Xingquan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, China
- Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences Lhasa, Tibet, China
- Plant Sciences College, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Tibet, China
- Xingquan Zeng,
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Gao Y, Xue CY, Liu JM, He Y, Mei Q, Wei S, Xuan YH. Sheath blight resistance in rice is negatively regulated by WRKY53 via SWEET2a activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 585:117-123. [PMID: 34801931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sheath blight (ShB) is one of the most common diseases in rice that significantly affects yield production. However, the underlying mechanisms of rice defense remain largely unknown. Our previous transcriptome analysis identified that infection with Rhizoctonia solani significantly induced the expression level of SWEET2a, a member of the SWEET sugar transporter. The sweet2a genome-editing mutants were less susceptible to ShB. Further yeast-one hybrid, ChIP, and transient assays demonstrated that WRKY53 binds to the SWEET2a promoter to activate its expression. WRKY53 is a key brassinosteroid (BR) signaling transcription factor. Similar to the BR receptor gene BRI1 and biosynthetic gene D2 mutants, the WRKY53 mutant and overexpressor were less and more susceptible to ShB compared to wild-type, respectively. Inoculation with R. solani induced expression of BRI1, D2, and WRKY53, but inhibited MPK6 (a BR-signaling regulator) activity. Also, MPK6 is known to phosphorylate WRKY53 to enhance its transcription activation activity. Transient assay results indicated that co-expression of MPK6 and WRKY53 enhanced WRKY53 trans-activation activity to SWEET2a. Furthermore, expression of WRKY53 SD (the active phosphorylated forms of WRKY53) but not WRKY53 SA (the inactive phosphorylated forms of WRKY53), enhanced WRKY53-mediated activation of SWEET2a compared to expression of WRKY53 alone. Taken together, our analyses showed that R. solani infection may activate BR signaling to induce SWEET2a expression via WRKY53 through negative regulation of ShB resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Cai Yun Xue
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Jing Miao Liu
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology (Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325006, China.
| | - Ying He
- Foreign Language Teaching Department, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Qiong Mei
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Songhong Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Yuan Hu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Xie W, Ke Y, Cao J, Wang S, Yuan M. Knock out of transcription factor WRKY53 thickens sclerenchyma cell walls, confers bacterial blight resistance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1746-1761. [PMID: 34618083 PMCID: PMC8566205 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are the first physical barrier against pathogen invasion, and plants thicken the cell wall to strengthen it and restrain pathogen infection. Bacterial blight is a devastating rice (Oryza sativa) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which typically enters the rice leaf through hydathodes and spreads throughout the plant via the xylem. Xoo interacts with cells surrounding the xylem vessel of a vascular bundle, but whether rice strengthens the sclerenchyma cell walls to stop pathogen proliferation is unclear. Here, we found that a WRKY protein, OsWRKY53, negatively confers resistance to Xoo by strengthening the sclerenchyma cell walls of the vascular bundle. OsMYB63 acts as a transcriptional activator and promotes the expression of three secondary cell wall-related cellulose synthase genes to boost cellulose accumulation, resulting in thickened sclerenchyma cell walls. Both OsWRKY53 and OsMYB63 are abundantly expressed in sclerenchyma cells of leaf vascular bundles. OsWRKY53 functions as a transcriptional repressor and acts genetically upstream of OsMYB63 to suppress its expression. The OsWRKY53-overexpressing and OsMYB63 knockout plants had thinner sclerenchyma cell walls, showing susceptibility to Xoo, while the OsWRKY53 knockout and OsMYB63-overexpressing plants had thicker sclerenchyma cell walls, exhibiting resistance to Xoo. These results suggest that modifying these candidate genes provides a strategy to improve rice resistance to bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yinggen Ke
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianbo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Author for communication:
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Lin QJ, Chu J, Kumar V, Yuan DP, Li ZM, Mei Q, Xuan YH. Protein Phosphatase 2A Catalytic Subunit PP2A-1 Enhances Rice Resistance to Sheath Blight Disease. Front Genome Ed 2021; 3:632136. [PMID: 34713255 PMCID: PMC8525387 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2021.632136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) production is damaged to a great extent by sheath blight disease (ShB). However, the defense mechanism in rice against this disease is largely unknown. Previous transcriptome analysis identified a significantly induced eukaryotic protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit 1 (PP2A-1) after the inoculation of Rhizoctonia solani. Five genes encoding PP2A exist in rice genome, and these five genes are ubiquitously expressed in different tissues and stages. Inoculation of R. solani showed that the genome edited pp2a-1 mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 were more susceptible to ShB than the wild-type control, but other PP2A gene mutants exhibited similar response to ShB compared to wild-type plants. In parallel, PP2A-1 expression level was higher in the activation tagging line, and PP2A-1 overexpression inhibited plant height and promoted the resistance to ShB. PP2A-1-GFP was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. In addition, R. solani-dependent induction kinetics of pathogen-related genes PBZ1 and PR1b was lower in pp2a-1 mutants but higher in PP2A-1 activation line compared to those in the wild-type. In conclusion, our analysis shows that PP2A-1 is a member of protein phosphatase, which regulates rice resistance to ShB. This result broadens the understanding of the defense mechanism against ShB and provides a potential target for rice breeding for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Jun Lin
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Chu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Vikranth Kumar
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - De Peng Yuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi Min Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiong Mei
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Hu Xuan
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Liu Z, Zhu Y, Shi H, Qiu J, Ding X, Kou Y. Recent Progress in Rice Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11658. [PMID: 34769087 PMCID: PMC8584176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. However, stable rice production is constrained by various diseases, in particular rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial blight, and virus diseases. Breeding and cultivation of resistant rice varieties is the most effective method to control the infection of pathogens. Exploitation and utilization of the genetic determinants of broad-spectrum resistance represent a desired way to improve the resistance of susceptible rice varieties. Recently, researchers have focused on the identification of rice broad-spectrum disease resistance genes, which include R genes, defense-regulator genes, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) against two or more pathogen species or many isolates of the same pathogen species. The cloning of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes and understanding their underlying mechanisms not only provide new genetic resources for breeding broad-spectrum rice varieties, but also promote the development of new disease resistance breeding strategies, such as editing susceptibility and executor R genes. In this review, the most recent advances in the identification of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes in rice and their application in crop improvement through biotechnology approaches during the past 10 years are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Yujun Zhu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Huanbin Shi
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Yanjun Kou
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
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Chai N, Xu J, Zuo R, Sun Z, Cheng Y, Sui S, Li M, Liu D. Metabolic and Transcriptomic Profiling of Lilium Leaves Infected With Botrytis elliptica Reveals Different Stages of Plant Defense Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:730620. [PMID: 34630478 PMCID: PMC8493297 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.730620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis elliptica, the causal agent of gray mold disease, poses a major threat to commercial Lilium production, limiting its ornamental value and yield. The molecular and metabolic regulation mechanisms of Lilium's defense response to B. elliptica infection have not been completely elucidated. Here, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of B. elliptica resistant Lilium oriental hybrid "Sorbonne" to understand the molecular basis of gray mold disease resistance in gray mold disease. A total of 115 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected by comparing the different temporal stages of pathogen infection. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DAMs were enriched in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways at all stages of infection, demonstrating the prominence of these pathways in the defense response of "Sorbonne" to B. elliptica. Network analysis revealed high interconnectivity of the induced defense response. Furthermore, time-course analysis of the transcriptome and a weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) led to the identification of a number of hub genes at different stages, revealing that jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), brassinolide (BR), and calcium ions (Ca2+) play a crucial role in the response of "Sorbonne" to fungal infection. Our work provides a comprehensive perspective on the defense response of Lilium to B. elliptica infection, along with a potential transcriptional regulatory network underlying the defense response, thereby offering gene candidates for resistance breeding and metabolic engineering of Lilium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Chai
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rumeng Zuo
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengqiong Sun
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunzhao Sui
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Daofeng Liu
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Fan T, Lv T, Xie C, Zhou Y, Tian C. Genome-Wide Analysis of the IQM Gene Family in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10091949. [PMID: 34579481 PMCID: PMC8469326 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Members of the IQM (IQ-Motif Containing) gene family are involved in plant growth and developmental processes, biotic and abiotic stress response. To systematically analyze the IQM gene family and their expression profiles under diverse biotic and abiotic stresses, we identified 8 IQM genes in the rice genome. In the current study, the whole genome identification and characterization of OsIQMs, including the gene and protein structure, genome localization, phylogenetic relationship, gene expression and yeast two-hybrid were performed. Eight IQM genes were classified into three subfamilies (I-III) according to the phylogenetic analysis. Gene structure and protein motif analyses showed that these IQM genes are relatively conserved within each subfamily of rice. The 8 OsIQM genes are distributed on seven out of the twelve chromosomes, with three IQM gene pairs involved in segmental duplication events. The evolutionary patterns analysis revealed that the IQM genes underwent a large-scale event within the last 20 to 9 million years. In addition, quantitative real-time PCR analysis of eight OsIQMs genes displayed different expression patterns at different developmental stages and in different tissues as well as showed that most IQM genes were responsive to PEG, NaCl, jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, suggesting their crucial roles in biotic, and abiotic stress response. Additionally, a yeast two-hybrid assay showed that OsIQMs can interact with OsCaMs, and the IQ motif of OsIQMs is required for OsIQMs to combine with OsCaMs. Our results will be valuable to further characterize the important biological functions of rice IQM genes.
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Eskew EA, Fraser D, Vonhof MJ, Pinsky ML, Maslo B. Host gene expression in wildlife disease: making sense of species-level responses. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:6517-6530. [PMID: 34516689 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases are significant threats to wildlife conservation, yet the impacts of pathogen exposure and infection can vary widely among host species. As such, conservation biologists and disease ecologists have increasingly aimed to understand species-specific host susceptibility using molecular methods. In particular, comparative gene expression assays have been used to contrast the transcriptomic responses of disease-resistant and disease-susceptible hosts to pathogen exposure. This work usually assumes that the gene expression responses of disease-resistant species will reveal the activation of molecular pathways contributing to host defence. However, results often show that disease-resistant hosts undergo little gene expression change following pathogen challenge. Here, we discuss the mechanistic implications of these "null" findings and offer methodological suggestions for future molecular studies of wildlife disease. First, we highlight that muted transcriptomic responses with minimal immune system recruitment may indeed be protective for nonsusceptible hosts if they limit immunopathology and promote pathogen tolerance in systems where susceptible hosts suffer from genetic dysregulation. Second, we argue that overly narrow investigation of responses to pathogen exposure may overlook important, constitutively active molecular pathways that underlie species-specific defences. Finally, we outline alternative study designs and approaches that complement interspecific transcriptomic comparisons, including intraspecific gene expression studies and genomic methods to detect signatures of selection. Collectively, these insights will help ecologists extract maximal information from conservation-relevant transcriptomic data sets, leading to a deeper understanding of host defences and, ultimately, the implementation of successful conservation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan A Eskew
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Biology, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Devaughn Fraser
- Wildlife Genetics Research Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Maarten J Vonhof
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Malin L Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Brooke Maslo
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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