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Beauchet A, Bollier N, Grison M, Rofidal V, Gévaudant F, Bayer E, Gonzalez N, Chevalier C. The CELL NUMBER REGULATOR FW2.2 protein regulates cell-to-cell communication in tomato by modulating callose deposition at plasmodesmata. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 196:883-901. [PMID: 38588030 PMCID: PMC11444278 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
FW2.2 (standing for FRUIT WEIGHT 2.2), the founding member of the CELL NUMBER REGULATOR (CNR) gene family, was the first cloned gene underlying a quantitative trait locus (QTL) governing fruit size and weight in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). However, despite this discovery over 20 yr ago, the molecular mechanisms by which FW2.2 negatively regulates cell division during fruit growth remain undeciphered. In the present study, we confirmed that FW2.2 is a membrane-anchored protein whose N- and C-terminal ends face the apoplast. We unexpectedly found that FW2.2 is located at plasmodesmata (PD). FW2.2 participates in the spatiotemporal regulation of callose deposition at PD and belongs to a protein complex which encompasses callose synthases. These results suggest that FW2.2 has a regulatory role in cell-to-cell communication by modulating PD transport capacity and trafficking of signaling molecules during fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Beauchet
- INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon F-33140, France
| | - Norbert Bollier
- INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon F-33140, France
| | - Magali Grison
- CNRS, UMR5200 Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon F-33140, France
| | - Valérie Rofidal
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Sup Agro, Université Montpellier, Montpellier F-34060, France
| | - Frédéric Gévaudant
- INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon F-33140, France
| | - Emmanuelle Bayer
- CNRS, UMR5200 Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon F-33140, France
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon F-33140, France
| | - Christian Chevalier
- INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Université Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon F-33140, France
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Panda M, Pradhan S, Mukherjee PK. Transcriptomics reveal useful resources for examining fruit development and variation in fruit size in Coccinia grandis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1386041. [PMID: 38863541 PMCID: PMC11165041 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1386041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The Cucurbitaceae family comprises many agronomically important members, that bear nutritious fruits and vegetables of great economic importance. Coccinia grandis, commonly known as Ivy gourd, belongs to this family and is widely consumed as a vegetable. Members of this family are known to display an impressive range of variation in fruit morphology. Although there have been studies on flower development in Ivy gourd, fruit development remains unexplored in this crop. Methods In this study, comparative transcriptomics of two Ivy gourd cultivars namely "Arka Neelachal Kunkhi" (larger fruit size) and "Arka Neelachal Sabuja" (smaller fruit size) differing in their average fruit size was performed. A de novo transcriptome assembly for Ivy gourd was developed by collecting fruits at different stages of development (5, 10, 15, and 20 days after anthesis i.e. DAA) from these two varieties. The transcriptome was analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes, transcription factors, and molecular markers. Results The transcriptome of Ivy gourd consisted of 155205 unigenes having an average contig size of 1472bp. Unigenes were annotated on publicly available databases to categorize them into different biological functions. Out of these, 7635 unigenes were classified into 38 transcription factor (TF) families, of which Trihelix TFs were most abundant. A total of 11,165 unigenes were found to be differentially expressed in both the varieties and the in silico expression results were validated through real-time PCR. Also, 98768 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified in the transcriptome of Ivy gourd. Discussion This study has identified a number of genes, including transcription factors, that could play a crucial role in the determination of fruit shape and size in Ivy gourd. The presence of polymorphic SSRs indicated a possibility for marker-assisted selection for crop breeding in Ivy gourd. The information obtained can help select candidate genes that may be implicated in regulating fruit development and size in other fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitrabinda Panda
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Council-Institute of Life Sciences (BRIC-ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Seema Pradhan
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Council-Institute of Life Sciences (BRIC-ILS), Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Pulok K. Mukherjee
- Biotechnology Research Innovation Council-Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development (BRIC-IBSD), Imphal, India
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Wang D, Zhang H, Hu X, Zhang H, Feng S, Zhou A. Cell number regulator 8 from Salix linearistipularis enhances cadmium tolerance in poplar by reducing cadmium uptake and accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108216. [PMID: 38016370 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Trace metals have relatively high density and high toxicity at low concentrations. Willow (Salix genus) is an excellent phytoremediation species for soil contaminated by trace metal ions. This study identified a cell number regulator (CNR) gene family member in Salix linearistipularis exhibiting strong metal ion resistance: SlCNR8. SlCNR8 expression was affected by various metal ions, including cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn). SlCNR8 overexpression enhanced Cd, Zn, Cu, and Fe resistance in transgenic poplar seedlings (84K) compared with the wild-type (WT). Moreover, transgenic poplar seedlings showed lower root Cd uptake and less Cd accumulation than WT under Cd stress. SlCNR8 was primarily localized to the nucleus and the plasma membrane-like cell periphery. Furthermore, SlCNR8 had transcriptional activation activity in yeast. The transcript levels of multiple metal ion transporters were altered in the roots of transgenic poplar seedlings compared to WT roots under Cd stress. These results suggest that SlCNR8 may enhance Cd resistance in transgenic poplar by reducing Cd uptake and accumulation. This may be related to altered transcription levels of other transporters or to itself. Our study suggests that SlCNR8 can be used as a candidate gene for genetic improvement of phytostabilisation of trace metals by genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Huaifang Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xuefei Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haizhen Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shuang Feng
- Large-Scale Instrument and Equipment Sharing Service Platform, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Aimin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Ran C, Zhang Y, Chang F, Yang X, Liu Y, Wang Q, Zhu W. Genome-Wide Analyses of SlFWL Family Genes and Their Expression Profiles under Cold, Heat, Salt and Drought Stress in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11783. [PMID: 37511542 PMCID: PMC10380795 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PLAC8 is a cysteine-rich protein that serves as a central mediator of tumor evolution in mammals. PLAC8 motif-containing proteins widely distribute in fungi, algae, higher plants and animals that have been described to be implicated in fruit size, cell number and the transport of heavy metals such as cadmium or zinc. In tomatoes, FW2.2 is a PLAC8 motif-containing gene that negatively controls fruit size by regulating cell division and expansion in the carpel ovary during fruit development. However, despite FW2.2, other FWL (FW2.2-Like) genes in tomatoes have not been investigated. In this study, we identified the 21 SlFWL genes, including FW2.2, examined their expression profiles under various abiotic adversity-related conditions. The SlFWL gene structures and motif compositions are conserved, indicating that tomato SlFWL genes may have similar roles. Cis-acting element analysis revealed that the SlFWL genes may participate in light and abiotic stress responses, and they also interacted with a variety of phytohormone-responsive proteins and plant development elements. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on five additional plant species, including Arabidopsis, pepper, soybean, rice and maize, these genes were classified into five subfamilies. Based on the results of collinearity analyses, the SlFWL genes have a tighter homologous evolutionary relationship with soybean, and these orthologous FWL gene pairs might have the common ancestor. Expression profiling of SlFWL genes show that they were all responsive to abiotic stresses, each subgroup of genes exhibited a different expression trend. Our findings provide a strong foundation for investigating the function and abiotic stress responses of the SlFWL family genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Ran
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Germplasm Resources Development, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Germplasm Resources Development, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Feifei Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xuedong Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yahui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Quanhua Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Germplasm Resources Development, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Plant Germplasm Resources Development, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, The Protected Horticulture Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
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Huang M, Zhu X, Bai H, Wang C, Gou N, Zhang Y, Chen C, Yin M, Wang L, Wuyun T. Comparative Anatomical and Transcriptomics Reveal the Larger Cell Size as a Major Contributor to Larger Fruit Size in Apricot. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108748. [PMID: 37240096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruit size is one of the essential quality traits and influences the economic value of apricots. To explore the underlying mechanisms of the formation of differences in fruit size in apricots, we performed a comparative analysis of anatomical and transcriptomics dynamics during fruit growth and development in two apricot cultivars with contrasting fruit sizes (large-fruit Prunus armeniaca 'Sungold' and small-fruit P. sibirica 'F43'). Our analysis identified that the difference in fruit size was mainly caused by the difference in cell size between the two apricot cultivars. Compared with 'F43', the transcriptional programs exhibited significant differences in 'Sungold', mainly in the cell expansion period. After analysis, key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) most likely to influence cell size were screened out, including genes involved in auxin signal transduction and cell wall loosening mechanisms. Furthermore, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that PRE6/bHLH was identified as a hub gene, which interacted with 1 TIR1, 3 AUX/IAAs, 4 SAURs, 3 EXPs, and 1 CEL. Hence, a total of 13 key candidate genes were identified as positive regulators of fruit size in apricots. The results provide new insights into the molecular basis of fruit size control and lay a foundation for future breeding and cultivation of larger fruits in apricot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Kernel-Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Timber Forest Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Xuchun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Kernel-Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Timber Forest Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Haikun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Kernel-Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Timber Forest Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Chu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Kernel-Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Timber Forest Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ningning Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Kernel-Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Timber Forest Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Kernel-Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Timber Forest Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Kernel-Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Timber Forest Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Mingyu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Kernel-Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Timber Forest Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Kernel-Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Timber Forest Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Tana Wuyun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Kernel-Apricot Engineering and Technology Research Center of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
- Key Laboratory of Non-Timber Forest Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China
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Wang GL, Zhang CL, Huo HQ, Sun XS, Zhang YL, Hao YJ, You CX. The SUMO E3 Ligase MdSIZ1 Sumoylates a Cell Number Regulator MdCNR8 to Control Organ Size. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:836935. [PMID: 35498700 PMCID: PMC9051543 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.836935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and organ size putatively associated with crop yield are regulated by a complex network of genes including ones for controlling cell proliferation. The gene fw2.2 was first identified in tomatoes and reported to govern fruit size variation through controlling cell division. In this study, we isolated a putative ortholog of the tomato fw2.2 gene from apple, Cell Number Regulator 8 (MdCNR8). Our functional analysis showed that MdCNR8 may control fruit size and root growth. MdCNR8 was mediated by the SUMO E3 ligase MdSIZ1, and SUMOylation of MdCNR8 at residue-Lys39 promoted the translocation of MdCNR8 from plasma membrane to the nucleus. The effect of MdCNR8 in inhibiting root elongation could be completely counteracted by the coexpression of MdSIZ1. Moreover, the lower cell proliferation of apple calli due to silencing MdSIZ1 could be rescued by silencing MdCNR8. Collectively, our results showed that the MdSIZ1-mediated SUMOylation is required for the fulfillment of MdCNR8 in regulating cell proliferation to control plant organ size. This regulatory interaction between MdSIZ1 and MdCNR8 will facilitate understanding the mechanism underlying the regulation of organ size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Luan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - He-Qiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Apopka, FL, United States
| | | | - Ya-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
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Mutation in OsFWL7 Affects Cadmium and Micronutrient Metal Accumulation in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212583. [PMID: 34830475 PMCID: PMC8624461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient metals, such as Mn, Cu, Fe, and Zn, are essential heavy metals for plant growth and development, while Cd is a nonessential heavy metal that is highly toxic to both plants and humans. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Cd and micronutrient metal accumulation in plants remains incomplete. Here, we show that OsFWL7, an FW2.2-like (FWL) family gene in Oryza sativa, is preferentially expressed in the root and encodes a protein localized to the cell membrane. The osfwl7 mutation reduces both the uptake and the root-to-shoot translocation of Cd in rice plants. Additionally, the accumulation of micronutrient metals, including Mn, Cu, and Fe, was lower in osfwl7 mutants than in the wildtype plants under normal growth conditions. Moreover, the osfwl7 mutation affects the expression of several heavy metal transporter genes. Protein interaction analyses reveal that rice FWL proteins interact with themselves and one another, and with several membrane microdomain marker proteins. Our results suggest that OsFWL7 is involved in Cd and micronutrient metal accumulation in rice. Additionally, rice FWL proteins may form oligomers and some of them may be located in membrane microdomains.
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Zuo Z, Lu Y, Zhu M, Chen R, Zhang E, Hao D, Huang Q, Wang H, Su Y, Wang Z, Xu Y, Li P, Xu C, Yang Z. Nucleotide Diversity of the Maize ZmCNR13 Gene and Association With Ear Traits. Front Genet 2021; 12:773597. [PMID: 34764988 PMCID: PMC8576287 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.773597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The maize (Zea mays L.) ZmCNR13 gene, encoding a protein of fw2.2-like (FWL) family, has been demonstrated to be involved in cell division, expansion, and differentiation. In the present study, the genomic sequences of the ZmCNR13 locus were re-sequenced in 224 inbred lines, 56 landraces and 30 teosintes, and the nucleotide polymorphism and selection signature were estimated. A total of 501 variants, including 415 SNPs and 86 Indels, were detected. Among them, 51 SNPs and 4 Indels were located in the coding regions. Although neutrality tests revealed that this locus had escaped from artificial selection during the process of maize domestication, the population of inbred lines possesses lower nucleotide diversity and decay of linkage disequilibrium. To estimate the association between sequence variants of ZmCNR13 and maize ear characteristics, a total of ten ear-related traits were obtained from the selected inbred lines. Four variants were found to be significantly associated with six ear-related traits. Among them, SNP2305, a non-synonymous mutation in exon 2, was found to be associated with ear weight, ear grain weight, ear diameter and ear row number, and explained 4.59, 4.61, 4.31, and 8.42% of the phenotypic variations, respectively. These results revealed that natural variations of ZmCNR13 might be involved in ear development and can be used in genetic improvement of maize ear-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Minyan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rujia Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Enying Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Derong Hao
- Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nantong, China
| | - Qianfeng Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hanyao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanze Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chenwu Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Iwamoto M, Tsuchida-Mayama T, Ichikawa H. The transcription factor gene RDD4 contributes to the control of nutrient ion accumulation in rice. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:2059-2069. [PMID: 33876435 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the expression and functions of the transcription factor gene RDD4 (rice Dof daily fluctuations 4), which has sequence similarity to RDD1 that controls nutrient ion accumulation in rice. RDD4 protein was highly accumulated in leaf sheaths and localized to vascular bundles. RDD4-overexpressing plants (RDD4-OX) improved the accumulation of various nutrient ions, irrespective of nutrient concentration in a hydroponic solution. K+ and Cl- deficiencies induced the accumulation of other cations and anions, respectively. Interestingly, in RDD4-OX plants K+ and Cl- deficiencies increased PO4 3- and Mg2+ contents, respectively, despite opposite electric charges. Furthermore, PO4 3- deficiency induced NO3 - and Mg2+ accumulation in RDD4-OX plants. These data show that RDD4 is associated with the control of nutrient ion contents within plants. Also, photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in RDD4-OX plants was higher than in wild-type (WT) plants, although the sizes of shoots and panicles decreased in RDD4-OX plants. Subsequent microarray analysis indicated that OsFWL7, similar to maize CNR1 that negatively regulates plant size, showed the most significant difference in its expression levels between WT and RDD4-OX plants. Based on these results, it is hypothesized that a prominent increase in the OsFWL7 expression reduces plant size in RDD4-OX plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Iwamoto
- Division of Plant and Microbial Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tsuchida-Mayama
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ichikawa
- Division of Applied Genetics, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan
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10
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Beauchet A, Gévaudant F, Gonzalez N, Chevalier C. In search of the still unknown function of FW2.2/CELL NUMBER REGULATOR, a major regulator of fruit size in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5300-5311. [PMID: 33974684 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The FW2.2 gene is associated with the major quantitative trait locus (QTL) governing fruit size in tomato, and acts by negatively controlling cell division during fruit development. FW2.2 belongs to a multigene family named the CELL NUMBER REGULATOR (CNR) family. CNR proteins harbour the uncharacterized PLAC8 motif made of two conserved cysteine-rich domains separated by a variable region that are predicted to be transmembrane segments, and indeed FW2.2 localizes to the plasma membrane. Although FW2.2 was cloned more than two decades ago, the molecular mechanisms of action remain unknown. In particular, how FW2.2 functions to regulate cell cycle and fruit growth, and thus fruit size, is as yet not understood. Here we review current knowledge on PLAC8-containing CNR/FWL proteins in plants, which are described to participate in organogenesis and the regulation of organ size, especially in fruits, and in cadmium resistance, ion homeostasis, and/or Ca2+ signalling. Within the plasma membrane FW2.2 and some CNR/FWLs are localized in microdomains, which is supported by recent data from interactomics studies. Hence FW2.2 and CNR/FWL could be involved in a transport function of signalling molecules across membranes, influencing organ growth via a cell to cell trafficking mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Beauchet
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Frédéric Gévaudant
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nathalie Gonzalez
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christian Chevalier
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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11
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Wang W, Liu J, Wang H, Li T, Zhao H. A highly efficient regeneration, genetic transformation system and induction of targeted mutations using CRISPR/Cas9 in Lycium ruthenicum. PLANT METHODS 2021; 17:71. [PMID: 34217355 PMCID: PMC8254353 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-021-00774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CRISPR/Cas9 is a rapidly developing genome editing technology in various biological systems due to its efficiency, portability, simplicity and versatility. This editing technology has been successfully applied in in several important plants of Solanaceae such as tomato, tobacco, potato, petunia and groundcherry. Wolfberry ranked the sixth among solanaceous crops of outstanding importance in China following potato, tomato, eggplant, pepper and tobacco. To date, there has been no report on CRISPR/Cas9 technology to improve Lycium ruthenicum due to the unknown genome sequencing and the lack of efficient regeneration and genetic transformation systems. RESULTS In this study, we have established an efficientregeneration and genetic transformation system of Lycium ruthenicum. We have used this system to validate target sites for fw2.2, a major fruit weight quantitative trait locus first identified from tomato and accounted for 30% of the variation in fruit size. In our experiments, the editing efficiency was very high, with 95.45% of the transgenic lines containing mutations in the fw2.2 target site. We obtained transgenic wolfberry plants containing four homozygous mutations and nine biallelic mutations in the fw2.2 gene. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that CRISPR-based gene editing is effective for the improvement of black wolfberry traits, and we expect this approach to be routinely applied to this important economic fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education; College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiangmiao Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education; College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education; College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education; College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huien Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding; National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture; Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment; Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education; College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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12
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Huang X, Hilscher J, Stoger E, Christou P, Zhu C. Modification of cereal plant architecture by genome editing to improve yields. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:953-978. [PMID: 33559722 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We summarize recent genome editing studies that have focused on the examination (or reexamination) of plant architectural phenotypes in cereals and the modification of these traits for crop improvement. Plant architecture is defined as the three-dimensional organization of the entire plant. Shoot architecture refers to the structure and organization of the aboveground components of a plant, reflecting the developmental patterning of stems, branches, leaves and inflorescences/flowers. Root system architecture is essentially determined by four major shape parameters-growth, branching, surface area and angle. Interest in plant architecture has arisen from the profound impact of many architectural traits on agronomic performance, and the genetic and hormonal regulation of these traits which makes them sensitive to both selective breeding and agronomic practices. This is particularly important in staple crops, and a large body of literature has, therefore, accumulated on the control of architectural phenotypes in cereals, particularly rice due to its twin role as one of the world's most important food crops as well as a model organism in plant biology and biotechnology. These studies have revealed many of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of tiller/axillary branching, stem height, leaf and flower development, root architecture and the grain characteristics that ultimately help to determine yield. The advent of genome editing has made it possible, for the first time, to introduce precise mutations into cereal crops to optimize their architecture and close in on the concept of the ideotype. In this review, we consider recent genome editing studies that have focused on the examination (or reexamination) of plant architectural phenotypes in cereals and the modification of these traits for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Julia Hilscher
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Stoger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
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13
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Valandro F, Menguer PK, Cabreira-Cagliari C, Margis-Pinheiro M, Cagliari A. Programmed cell death (PCD) control in plants: New insights from the Arabidopsis thaliana deathosome. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 299:110603. [PMID: 32900441 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a genetically controlled process that leads to cell suicide in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. In plants PCD occurs during development, defence response and when exposed to adverse conditions. PCD acts controlling the number of cells by eliminating damaged, old, or unnecessary cells to maintain cellular homeostasis. Unlike in animals, the knowledge about PCD in plants is limited. The molecular network that controls plant PCD is poorly understood. Here we present a review of the current mechanisms involved with the genetic control of PCD in plants. We also present an updated version of the AtLSD1 deathosome, which was previously proposed as a network controlling HR-mediated cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana. Finally, we discuss the unclear points and open questions related to the AtLSD1 deathosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Valandro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | - Paloma Koprovski Menguer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | | | - Márcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), RS, Brazil.
| | - Alexandro Cagliari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil; Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), RS, Brazil.
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14
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Thibivilliers S, Farmer A, Libault M. Biological and Cellular Functions of the Microdomain-Associated FWL/CNR Protein Family in Plants. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030377. [PMID: 32204387 PMCID: PMC7154862 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Membrane microdomains/nanodomains are sub-compartments of the plasma membrane enriched in sphingolipids and characterized by their unique protein composition. They play important roles in regulating plant development and plant-microbe interactions including mutualistic symbiotic interactions. Several protein families are associated with the microdomain fraction of biological membranes such as flotillins, prohibitins, and remorins. More recently, GmFWL1, a FWL/CNR protein exclusively expressed in the soybean nodule, was functionally characterized as a new microdomain-associated protein. Interestingly, GmFWL1 is homologous to the tomato FW2-2 protein, a major regulator of tomato fruit development. In this review, we summarize the knowledge gained about the biological, cellular, and physiological functions of members of the FWL/CNR family across various plant species. The role of the FWL/CNR proteins is also discussed within the scope of their evolution and transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Thibivilliers
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA;
| | - Andrew Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA;
| | - Marc Libault
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-402-472-4530
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15
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Gao Q, Li G, Sun H, Xu M, Wang H, Ji J, Wang D, Yuan C, Zhao X. Targeted Mutagenesis of the Rice FW 2.2-Like Gene Family Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System Reveals OsFWL4 as a Regulator of Tiller Number and Plant Yield in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030809. [PMID: 31991936 PMCID: PMC7037146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The FW2.2-like (FWL) genes encode cysteine-rich proteins with a placenta-specific 8 domain. They play roles in cell division and organ size control, response to rhizobium infection, and metal ion homeostasis in plants. Here, we target eight rice FWL genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system delivered by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. We successfully generate transgenic T0 lines for 15 of the 16 targets. The targeted mutations are detected in the T0 lines of all 15 targets and the average mutation rate is found to be 81.6%. Transfer DNA (T-DNA) truncation is a major reason for the failure of mutagenesis in T0 plants. T-DNA segregation analysis reveals that the T-DNA inserts in transgenic plants can be easily eliminated in the T1 generation. Of the 30 putative off-target sites examined, unintended mutations are detected in 13 sites. Phenotypic analysis reveals that tiller number and plant yield of OsFWL4 gene mutants are significantly greater than those of the wild type. Flag leaves of OsFWL4 gene mutants are wider than those of the wild type. The increase in leaf width of the mutants is caused by an increase in cell number. Additionally, grain length of OsFWL1 gene mutants is higher than that of the wild type. Our results suggest that transgene-free rice plants with targeted mutations can be produced in the T1 generation using the Agrobacterium-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 system and that the OsFWL4 gene is a negative regulator of tiller number and plant yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Gao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Gang Li
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Huai’an 223001, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Jianhui Ji
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, China
| | - Di Wang
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Huai’an 223001, China
| | - Caiyong Yuan
- Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu, Huai’an 223001, China
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-517-83659907 (C.Y.); +86-517-83525885 (X.Z.)
| | - Xiangxiang Zhao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection/Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai’an 223300, China
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-517-83659907 (C.Y.); +86-517-83525885 (X.Z.)
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16
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Daghino S, Di Vietro L, Petiti L, Martino E, Dallabona C, Lodi T, Perotto S. Yeast expression of mammalian Onzin and fungal FCR1 suggests ancestral functions of PLAC8 proteins in mitochondrial metabolism and DNA repair. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6629. [PMID: 31036870 PMCID: PMC6488628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43136-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cysteine-rich PLAC8 domain of unknown function occurs in proteins found in most Eukaryotes. PLAC8-proteins play important yet diverse roles in different organisms, such as control of cell proliferation in animals and plants or heavy metal resistance in plants and fungi. Mammalian Onzin can be either pro-proliferative or pro-apoptotic, depending on the cell type, whereas fungal FCR1 confers cadmium tolerance. Despite their different role in different organisms, we hypothesized common ancestral functions linked to the PLAC8 domain. To address this hypothesis, and to investigate the molecular function of the PLAC8 domain, murine Onzin and fungal FCR1 were expressed in the PLAC8-free yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The two PLAC8-proteins localized in the nucleus and induced almost identical phenotypes and transcriptional changes when exposed to cadmium stress. Like FCR1, Onzin also reduced DNA damage and increased cadmium tolerance by a DUN1-dependent pathway. Both proteins activated transcription of ancient mitochondrial pathways such as leucine and Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, known to regulate cell proliferation and DNA repair in yeast. These results strongly suggest a common ancestral function of PLAC8 proteins and open new perspectives to understand the role of the PLAC8 domain in the cellular biology of Eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Daghino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Vietro
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy.,Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Bayer SAS, centre de recherche "la Dargoire" 14, impasse Pierre Baizet CS 99163, 69263, Lyon, CEDEX 09, France
| | - Luca Petiti
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, via Nizza 52, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Martino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Cristina Dallabona
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lodi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Perotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Torino, Italy.
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17
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Qiao K, Tian Y, Hu Z, Chai T. Wheat Cell Number Regulator CNR10 Enhances the Tolerance, Translocation, and Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:860-867. [PMID: 30532961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination affects crop growth and development and can indirectly threaten human health. Therefore, improving the content of microelements and reducing the accumulation of toxic metals by genetic breeding in crops is an effective strategy to solve this environmental problem. Previous reports show plant cadmium resistance (PCR) protein can transport zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd). The cell number regulator (CNR) protein, which functions to regulate organ size, has high similarity to, and shares conserved motifs with, PCR. Therefore, CNR may be involved in regulating heavy metal translocation. We isolated TuCNR10 from diploid wheat, Triticum urartu. Real-time quantitative PCR showed TuCNR10 expression increased in the shoots and roots of seedlings under Cd, Zn, and manganese (Mn) stresses. Confocal imaging indicated TuCNR10 was localized at the plasma membrane. Overexpression of TuCNR10 in Arabidopsis and rice enhanced Cd, Zn, and Mn tolerance and improved Cd, Zn, and Mn translocation from roots to shoots. Compared with wild-type rice, rice overexpressing TuCNR10 had lower Cd and higher Zn and Mn contents in grains. These results indicated that TuCNR10 may be a transporter of Cd, Zn, and Mn. TuCNR10 may be a useful genetic resource for microelement fortification and reducing toxic metal accumulation in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , China
- College of Life Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Yanbao Tian
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , China
| | - Tuanyao Chai
- College of Life Science , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Science , Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282 , Myanmar
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design (INASEED) , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , China
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18
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Cabreira-Cagliari C, Dias NDC, Bohn B, Fagundes DGDS, Margis-Pinheiro M, Bodanese-Zanettini MH, Cagliari A. Revising the PLAC8 gene family: from a central role in differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis in mammals to a multifunctional role in plants. Genome 2018; 61:857-865. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2018-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PLAC8 is a cysteine-rich protein described as a central mediator of tumor evolution in mammals; as such, it represents a promising candidate for diagnostic and therapeutic targeting. The human PLAC8 gene is also involved in contact hypersensitivity response and presents a role in psoriatic skin. In plants, PLAC8 motif-containing proteins are involved in the determination of organ size and growth, response to infection, Ca2+ influx, Cd resistance, and zinc detoxification. In general, PLAC8 motif-containing proteins present the conserved CCXXXXCPC or CLXXXXCPC region. However, there is no devised nomenclature for the PLAC8 motif-containing proteins. Here, through the analysis of 445 sequences, we show that PLAC8 motif-containing proteins constitute a unique gene family, and we propose a unified nomenclature. This is the first report indicating the existence of different groups of PLAC8 proteins, which we have called types I, II, and III. Type I genes are found in mammals, fungi, plants, and algae, and types II and III are exclusive to plants. Our study describes for the first time PLAC8 type III proteins. Whether these sequences maintain their known functional role or possess distinct functions of types I and II genes remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Cabreira-Cagliari
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Bohn
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Bodanese-Zanettini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandro Cagliari
- Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul (UERGS), Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade - UERGS, RS, Brazil
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19
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Xiong W, Wang P, Yan T, Cao B, Xu J, Liu D, Luo M. The rice "fruit-weight 2.2-like" gene family member OsFWL4 is involved in the translocation of cadmium from roots to shoots. PLANTA 2018; 247:1247-1260. [PMID: 29453663 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous expression of the rice genes "fruit-weight 2.2-like" (OsFWL) affects Cd resistance in yeast, and OsFWL4 mediates the translocation of Cd from roots to shoots. Cadmium (Cd) induces chronic and toxic effects in humans. In a previous study (Xu et al. in Planta 238:643-655, 2013), we cloned the rice genes, designated OsFWL1-8, homologous to the tomato fruit-weight 2.2. Here, we show that expression of genes OsFWL3-7 in yeast confers resistance to Cd. The Cd contents of OsFWL3-, -4-, -6- and -7-transformed Cd(II)-sensitive yeast mutant ycf1 cells were strongly decreased compared with those of empty vector, with the strongest resistance to Cd observed in cells expressing OsFWL4. Evaluation of truncated and site-directed mutation derivatives revealed that the CCXXG motifs near the second transmembrane region of OsFWL4 are involved in Cd resistance in yeast. Real-time PCR analysis showed that OsFWL4 expression was induced by CdCl2 stress in rice seedlings. Compared with WT plants, the Cd contents in the shoots of RNAi mediated OsFWL4 knockdown plants were significantly decreased, and Cd translocation from roots to shoots was reduced. According to bimolecular fluorescence complementation, yeast two-hybrid and Western-blotting assays, the OsFWL4 protein forms homo-oligomers. These results suggest that OsFWL4 might act directly as a transporter and is involved in the translocation of Cd from roots to shoots in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Peng Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tianze Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Baobao Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jun Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Defang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Meizhong Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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20
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Qiao Z, Brechenmacher L, Smith B, Strout GW, Mangin W, Taylor C, Russell SD, Stacey G, Libault M. The GmFWL1 (FW2-2-like) nodulation gene encodes a plasma membrane microdomain-associated protein. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1442-1455. [PMID: 28241097 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The soybean gene GmFWL1 (FW2-2-like1) belongs to a plant-specific family that includes the tomato FW2-2 and the maize CNR1 genes, two regulators of plant development. In soybean, GmFWL1 is specifically expressed in root hair cells in response to rhizobia and in nodules. Silencing of GmFWL1 expression significantly reduced nodule numbers supporting its role during soybean nodulation. While the biological role of GmFWL1 has been described, its molecular function and, more generally, the molecular function of plant FW2-2-like proteins is unknown. In this study, we characterized the role of GmFWL1 as a membrane microdomain-associated protein. Specifically, using biochemical, molecular and cellular methods, our data show that GmFWL1 interacts with various proteins associated with membrane microdomains such as remorin, prohibitins and flotillins. Additionally, comparative genomics revealed that GmFWL1 interacts with GmFLOT2/4 (FLOTILLIN2/4), the soybean ortholog to Medicago truncatula FLOTILLIN4, a major regulator of the M. truncatula nodulation process. We also observed that, similarly to MtFLOT4 and GmFLOT2/4, GmFWL1 was localized at the tip of the soybean root hair cells in response to rhizobial inoculation supporting the early function of GmFWL1 in the rhizobium infection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Qiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Laurent Brechenmacher
- Division of Biochemistry and Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Benjamin Smith
- Samuel Roberts Noble Microscopy Laboratory, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Gregory W Strout
- Samuel Roberts Noble Microscopy Laboratory, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - William Mangin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Christopher Taylor
- Department of Plant Pathology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center (OARDC), The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA
| | - Scott D Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Samuel Roberts Noble Microscopy Laboratory, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Gary Stacey
- Division of Biochemistry and Plant Sciences, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Marc Libault
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
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21
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ACC oxidase and miRNA 159a, and their involvement in fresh fruit bunch yield (FFB) via sex ratio determination in oil palm. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 291:1243-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Lu Y, Xing L, Xing S, Hu P, Cui C, Zhang M, Xiao J, Wang H, Zhang R, Wang X, Chen P, Cao A. Characterization of a Putative New Semi-Dominant Reduced Height Gene, Rht_NM9, in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:685-98. [PMID: 26743986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plant height is an important agronomic trait in cereal crops, and can affect both plant architecture and grain yield. New dwarfing genes are required for improving the genetic diversity of wheat. In this study, a novel dwarf mutant, NM9, was created by treating seeds of the wheat variety NAU9918 with ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS). NM9 showed obvious phenotypic changes, which were distinct from those caused by other dwarfing genes, especially the reduced plant height, increased effective tiller number, and elongated spike and grain length. The reduced plant height in NM9 was attributable to a semi-dominant dwarfing gene Rht_NM9, which was flanked by two closely linked SNP markers, SNP34 and SNP41, covering an 8.86-Mb region on the chromosome arm 2AS. The results of gibberellic acid (GA) sensitivity evaluation, comparative genomics analysis and allelism test indicated that Rht_NM9 was neither allelic to Rht7 and Rht21 nor homoeoallelic to Rht8, so Rht_NM9 was proposed to be a new dwarfing locus on the homoeologous group 2 chromosomes of wheat. Rht_NM9 has a negative effect on plant height and positive effects on effective tiller number and grain size, thus, Rht_NM9 could be used for elucidating the mechanisms underlying plant architecture and grain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liping Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shujuan Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ping Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chaofan Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingyi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jin Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiue Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peidu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Aizhong Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China.
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23
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Wang L, Li J, Zhao J, He C. Evolutionary developmental genetics of fruit morphological variation within the Solanaceae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:248. [PMID: 25918515 PMCID: PMC4394660 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Morphological variations of fruits such as shape and size, and color are a result of adaptive evolution. The evolution of morphological novelties is particularly intriguing. An understanding of these evolutionary processes calls for the elucidation of the developmental and genetic mechanisms that result in particular fruit morphological characteristics, which determine seed dispersal. The genetic and developmental basis for fruit morphological variation was established at a microevolutionary time scale. Here, we summarize the progress on the evolutionary developmental genetics of fruit size, shape and color in the Solanaceae. Studies suggest that the recruitment of a pre-existing gene and subsequent modification of its interaction and regulatory networks are frequently involved in the evolution of morphological diversity. The basic mechanisms underlying changes in plant morphology are alterations in gene expression and/or gene function. We also deliberate on the future direction in evolutionary developmental genetics of fruit morphological variation such as fruit type. These studies will provide insights into plant developmental processes and will help to improve the productivity and fruit quality of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany – Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingChina
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany – Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingChina
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingChina
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany – Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingChina
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingChina
| | - Chaoying He
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany – Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingChina
- *Correspondence: Chaoying He, State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany – Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, 100093 Beijing, China
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24
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Li Z, He C. Physalis floridana Cell Number Regulator1 encodes a cell membrane-anchored modulator of cell cycle and negatively controls fruit size. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:257-70. [PMID: 25305759 PMCID: PMC4265161 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Physalis species show a significant variation in berry size; however, the underlying molecular basis is unknown. In this work, we showed that cell division difference in the ovaries might contribute to the ultimate berry size variation within Physalis species, and that mRNA abundance of Physalis floridana Cell Number Regulator1 (PfCNR1), the putative orthologue of the tomato fruit weight 2.2 (FW2.2), was negatively correlated with cell division in the ovaries. Moreover, heterochronic expression variation of the PfCNR1 genes in the ovaries concomitantly correlated with berry weight variation within Physalis species. In transgenic Physalis, multiple organ sizes could be negatively controlled by altering PfCNR1 levels, and cell division instead of cell expansion was primarily affected. PfCNR1 was shown to be anchored in the plasma membrane and to interact with PfAG2 (an AGAMOUS-like protein determining ovary identity). The expression of PfCYCD2;1, a putative orthologue of the mitosis-specific gene CyclinD2;1 in the cell cycle was negatively correlated with the PfCNR1 mRNA levels. PfAG2 was found to selectively bind to the CArG-box in the PfCYCD2;1 promoter and to repress PfCYCD2;1 expression, thus suggesting a PfAG2-mediated pathway for PfCNR1 to regulate cell division. The interaction of PfCNR1 with PfAG2 enhanced the repression of PfCYCD2;1 expression. The nuclear import of PfAG2 was essential in the proposed pathway. Our data provide new insights into the developmental pathways of a cell membrane-anchored protein that modulates cell division and governs organ size determination. This study also sheds light on the link between organ identity and organ growth in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Haidian, 100093 Beijing, PR China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, 100049 Beijing, PR China
| | - Chaoying He
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Haidian, 100093 Beijing, PR China
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