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Le TA, Huynh TP. Hemicellulose-Based Sensors: When Sustainability Meets Complexity. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 39344466 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Hemicelluloses (HCs) are promising sustainable biopolymers with a great natural abundance, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Yet, their potential sensing applications remain limited due to intrinsic challenges in their heterogeneous chemical composition, structure, and physicochemical properties. Herein, recent advances in the development of HC-based sensors for different chemical analytes and physical stimuli using different transduction mechanisms are reviewed and discussed. HCs can be utilized as carbonaceous precursors, reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents, binders, and active components for sensing applications. In addition, different strategies to develop and improve the sensing capacity of HC-based sensors are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung-Anh Le
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tan-Phat Huynh
- Laboratory of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Henrikinkatu 2, 20500 Turku, Finland
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2
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He Y, Liu Y, Zhang M. Hemicellulose and unlocking potential for sustainable applications in biomedical, packaging, and material sciences: A narrative review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 280:135657. [PMID: 39299428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Hemicellulose, a complex polysaccharide abundantly found in plant cell walls, has garnered significant attention for its versatile applications in various fields including biomedical, food packaging, environmental, and material sciences. This review systematically explores the composition, extraction methods, and diverse applications of hemicellulose-derived materials. Various extraction techniques such as organic acid, organic base, enzyme-assisted, and hydrothermal methods are discussed in detail, highlighting their efficacy and potential drawbacks. The applications of hemicellulose encompass biodegradable films, edible coatings, advanced hydrogels, and emulsion stabilizers, each offering unique properties suitable for different industrial needs. Current challenges in hemicellulose research include extraction efficiency, scalability of production processes, and optimization of material properties. Opportunities for future research are outlined, emphasizing the exploration of new applications and interdisciplinary approaches to harness the full potential of hemicellulose. This comprehensive review aims to provide valuable insights for researchers and industry professionals interested in utilizing hemicellulose as a sustainable and functional biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Department of Biological and Food Engineering, Lyuliang University, Lishi 033000, Shanxi, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yongqing Liu
- Department of Biological and Food Engineering, Lyuliang University, Lishi 033000, Shanxi, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Primary Processing, Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, MARA, 100125 Beijing, China
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3
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Lampugnani ER, Persson S, van de Meene AML. Colocalising proteins and polysaccharides in plants for cell wall and trafficking studies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1440885. [PMID: 39328792 PMCID: PMC11425716 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1440885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Plant cell walls (PCWs) are intricate structures with complex polysaccharides delivered by distinct trafficking routes. Unravelling the intricate trafficking pathways of polysaccharides and proteins involved in PCW biosynthesis is a crucial first step towards understanding the complexities of plant growth and development. This study investigated the feasibility of employing a multi-modal approach that combines transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with molecular-genetic tagging and antibody labelling techniques to differentiate these pathways at the nanoscale. The genetically encoded electron microscopy (EM) tag APEX2 was fused to Arabidopsis thaliana cellulose synthase 6 (AtCESA6) and Nicotiana alata ARABINAN DEFICIENT LIKE 1 (NaARADL1), and these were transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. APEX2 localization was then combined with immunolabeling using pectin-specific antibodies (JIM5 and JIM7). Our results demonstrate distinct trafficking patterns for AtCESA6 and NaARADL, with AtCESA6 localized primarily to the plasma membrane and vesicles, while NaARADL1 was found in the trans-Golgi network and cytoplasmic vesicles. Pectin epitopes were observed near the plasma membrane, in Golgi-associated vesicles, and in secretory vesicle clusters (SVCs) with both APEX2 constructs. Notably, JIM7 labelling was found in vesicles adjacent to APEX2-AtCESA6 vesicles, suggesting potential co-trafficking. This integrative approach offers a powerful tool for elucidating the dynamic interactions between PCW components at the nanoscale level. The methodology presented here facilitates the precise mapping of protein and polysaccharide trafficking pathways, advancing our understanding of PCW biosynthesis and providing avenues for future research aimed at engineering plant cell walls for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin R Lampugnani
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine (RMH), Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- AirHealth Pty Ltd., Parkville, VIC, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Staffan Persson
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences (PLEN), University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Allison M L van de Meene
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Advanced Microscopy Facility (BioSciences Microscopy Unit and the Ian Holmes Imaging Centre, Bio21), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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4
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de Lima JF, de Oliveira DC, Kuster VC, Moreira ASFP. Aerial and terrestrial root habits influence the composition of the cell walls of Vanilla phaeantha (Orchidaceae). PROTOPLASMA 2024:10.1007/s00709-024-01980-9. [PMID: 39207504 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-024-01980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In response to the restrictions imposed by their epiphytic habit, orchids have developed structural traits that allow greater efficiency in water uptake and use, such as a complex adventitious root system with velamen. The composition of cell wall of this specialized epidermis can be altered according to the substrate to which it is fixed, influencing wall permeability, absorption, and storage of water in roots. The current study aimed to evaluate the cell wall composition of adventitious roots of Vanilla phaeantha (Orchidaceae) that grow attached to the phorophyte, fixed in the soil, or hung free. Immunocytochemical analyses were used to determine the protein, hemicellulose, and pectin composition of the cell walls of aerial and terrestrial roots. We observed that pectins are present in the different tissues of the aerial roots, while in the terrestrial roots, they are concentrated in the cortical parenchyma. The deposition of xyloglucans, extensins, and arabinogalactans was greater in the epidermis of the free side of the roots attached to the phorophyte. The strong labeling of pectins in aerial roots may be related to the influx of water and nutrients, which are generally scarce in this environment. The arrangement of hemicelluloses and proteins with the pectins may be associated with increased cell rigidity and sustainability, a feature of interest for the aerial roots. In summary, the habit of roots can interfere with the non-cellulosic composition of the cell walls of V. phaeantha, possibly related to changes in cell functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Ferreira de Lima
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará S/N, Bloco 2D, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Denis Coelho de Oliveira
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará S/N, Bloco 2D, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Coelho Kuster
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Jataí, Campus Cidade Universitária, BR 364, Km 195, No. 3800, Jataí, Goiás, 75801-615, Brazil
| | - Ana Silvia Franco Pinheiro Moreira
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Rua Ceará S/N, Bloco 2D, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil.
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Gutschker S, Ruescher D, Rabbi IY, Rosado-Souza L, Pommerrenig B, Pauly M, Robertz S, van Doorn AM, Schlereth A, Neuhaus HE, Fernie AR, Reinert S, Sonnewald U, Zierer W. Carbon usage in yellow-fleshed Manihot esculenta storage roots shifts from starch biosynthesis to cell wall and raffinose biosynthesis via the myo-inositol pathway. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:2045-2062. [PMID: 38961707 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Cassava is a crucial staple crop for smallholder farmers in tropical Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Although high yield remains the top priority for farmers, the significance of nutritional values has increased in cassava breeding programs. A notable negative correlation between provitamin A and starch accumulation poses a significant challenge for breeding efforts. The negative correlation between starch and carotenoid levels in conventional and genetically modified cassava plants implies the absence of a direct genomic connection between the two traits. The competition among various carbon pathways seems to account for this relationship. In this study, we conducted a thorough analysis of 49 African cassava genotypes with varying levels of starch and provitamin A. Our goal was to identify factors contributing to differential starch accumulation. Considering carotenoid levels as a confounding factor in starch production, we found that yellow- and white-fleshed storage roots did not differ significantly in most measured components of starch or de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. However, genes and metabolites associated with myo-inositol synthesis and cell wall polymer production were substantially enriched in high provitamin A genotypes. These results indicate that yellow-fleshed cultivars, in comparison to their white-fleshed counterparts, direct more carbon toward the synthesis of raffinose and cell wall components. This finding is underlined by a significant rise in cell wall components measured within the 20 most contrasting genotypes for carotenoid levels. Our findings enhance the comprehension of the biosynthesis of starch and carotenoids in the storage roots of cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindy Gutschker
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Ruescher
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ismail Y Rabbi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Markus Pauly
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Institute of Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Robertz
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Institute of Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna M van Doorn
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Armin Schlereth
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stephan Reinert
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Uwe Sonnewald
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Zierer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Division of Biochemistry, Erlangen, Germany
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Huang X, Hu X, Liu Q, Xie Z, Tan S, Qin X, Chen T, Wu W, Saud S, Nawaz T, El-Kahtany K, Fahad S, Yi K. Full-length agave transcriptome reveals candidate glycosyltransferase genes involved in hemicellulose biosynthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133508. [PMID: 38944067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Agave species are typical crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants commonly cultivated to produce beverages, fibers, and medicines. To date, few studies have examined hemicellulose biosynthesis in Agave H11648, which is the primary cultivar used for fiber production. We conducted PacBio sequencing to obtain full-length transcriptome of five agave tissues: leaves, shoots, roots, flowers, and fruits. A total of 41,807 genes were generated, with a mean length of 2394 bp and an annotation rate of 97.12 % using public databases. We identified 42 glycosyltransferase genes related to hemicellulose biosynthesis, including mixed-linkage glucan (1), glucomannan (5), xyloglucan (16), and xylan (20). Their expression patterns were examined during leaf development and fungal infection, together with hemicellulose content. The results revealed four candidate glycosyltransferase genes involved in xyloglucan and xylan biosynthesis, including glucan synthase (CSLC), xylosyl transferase (XXT), xylan glucuronyltransferase (GUX), and xylan α-1,3-arabinosyltransferase (XAT). These genes can be potential targets for manipulating xyloglucan and xylan traits in agaves, and can also be used as candidate enzymatic tools for enzyme engineering. We have provided the first full-length transcriptome of agave, which will be a useful resource for gene identification and characterization in agave species. We also elucidated the hemicellulose biosynthesis machinery, which will benefit future studies on hemicellulose traits in agave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Zhouli Xie
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shibei Tan
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Xu Qin
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Weihuai Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Shah Saud
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China
| | - Taufiq Nawaz
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Khaled El-Kahtany
- Geology and Geophysics Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; Department of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakh-tunkhwa, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Kexian Yi
- Sanya Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572025, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou 571101, China; Hainan Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Control of Tropical Agricultural Pests, Haikou 571101, China.
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Pan G, Jin J, Liu H, Zhong C, Xie J, Qin Y, Zhang S. Integrative analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome provides insights into polysaccharide accumulation in Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce rhizome. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17699. [PMID: 39006032 PMCID: PMC11243984 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce is a traditional Chinese herb that is widely cultivated in China. Polysaccharides are the major bioactive components in rhizome of P. odoratum and have many important biological functions. Methods To better understand the regulatory mechanisms of polysaccharide accumulation in P. odoratum rhizomes, the rhizomes of two P. odoratum cultivars 'Y10' and 'Y11' with distinct differences in polysaccharide content were used for transcriptome and metabolome analyses, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified. Results A total of 14,194 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, of which 6,689 DEGs were down-regulated in 'Y10' compared with those in 'Y11'. KEGG enrichment analysis of the down-regulated DEGs revealed a significant enrichment of 'starch and sucrose metabolism', and 'amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism'. Meanwhile, 80 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected, of which 52 were significantly up-regulated in 'Y11' compared to those in 'Y10'. The up-regulated DAMs were significantly enriched in 'tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis', 'pentose phosphate pathway' and 'ABC transporters'. The integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis have revealed that four DAMs, glucose, beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate, maltose and 3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-glycerol were significantly enriched for polysaccharide accumulation, which may be regulated by 17 DEGs, including UTP-glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (UGP2), hexokinase (HK), sucrose synthase (SUS), and UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase (UGDH). Furthermore, 8 DEGs (sacA, HK, scrK, GPI) were identified as candidate genes for the accumulation of glucose and beta-D-fructose 6-phosphate in the proposed polysaccharide biosynthetic pathways, and these two metabolites were significantly associated with the expression levels of 13 transcription factors including C3H, FAR1, bHLH and ERF. This study provided comprehensive information on polysaccharide accumulation and laid the foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of medicinal quality formation in P. odoratum rhizomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Pan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Colleges of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuhui Qin
- Colleges of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuihan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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van der Cruijsen K, Al Hassan M, van Erven G, Kollerie N, van Lent B, Dechesne A, Dolstra O, Paulo MJ, Trindade LM. Salt stress alters the cell wall components and structure in Miscanthus sinensis stems. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14430. [PMID: 38981734 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Miscanthus is a perennial grass suitable for the production of lignocellulosic biomass on marginal lands. The effects of salt stress on Miscanthus cell wall composition and its consequences on biomass quality have nonetheless received relatively little attention. In this study, we investigated how exposure to moderate (100 mM NaCl) or severe (200 mM NaCl) saline growing conditions altered the composition of both primary and secondary cell wall components in the stems of 15 Miscanthus sinensis genotypes. The exposure to stress drastically impacted biomass yield and cell wall composition in terms of content and structural features. In general, the observed compositional changes were more pronounced under severe stress conditions and were more apparent in genotypes with a higher sensitivity towards stress. Besides a severely reduced cellulose content, salt stress led to increased pectin content, presumably in the form of highly branched rhamnogalacturonan type I. Although salt stress had a limited effect on the total lignin content, the acid-soluble lignin content was strongly increased in the most sensitive genotypes. This effect was also reflected in substantially altered lignin structures and led to a markedly reduced incorporation of syringyl subunits and p-coumaric acid moieties. Interestingly, plants that were allowed a recovery period after stress ultimately had a reduced lignin content compared to those continuously grown under control conditions. In addition, the salt stress-induced cell wall alterations contributed to an improved enzymatic saccharification efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Al Hassan
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Erven
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Kollerie
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van Lent
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie Dechesne
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oene Dolstra
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria-João Paulo
- Biometris, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luisa M Trindade
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Liu T, Zhen X, Lei H, Li J, Wang Y, Gou D, Zhao J. Investigating the physicochemical characteristics and importance of insoluble dietary fiber extracted from legumes: An in-depth study on its biological functions. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101424. [PMID: 38840726 PMCID: PMC11152658 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Legumes are widely appreciated for their abundant reserves of insoluble dietary fiber, which are characterized by their high fiber content and diverse bioactive compounds. Insoluble dietary fiber in leguminous crops is primarily localized in the structural cell walls and outer integument and exhibits strong hydrophilic properties that enable water absorption and volumetric expansion, resulting in increased food bulk and viscosity. This contributes to enhanced satiety and accelerated gastrointestinal transit. The benefits of legume insoluble dietary fiber extend to its notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties, as well as its ability to modulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria while suppressing the proliferation of harmful pathogens, thereby promoting optimal intestinal health. It is highly valued as a valuable thickening agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier, contributing to the texture and stability of a wide range of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Barrier-free for the Disabled Ministry of Education, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xinyu Zhen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Hongyu Lei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Junbo Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yue Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Dongxia Gou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Barrier-free for the Disabled Ministry of Education, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Rehabilitation and Barrier-free for the Disabled Ministry of Education, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
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10
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Cheng X, Du J, Li Z, Zhang W, Zhu L, Jiang J. Comprehensive characterization of hemicelluloses obtained from Gleditsia sinensis Lam. pods and the application of moderately degraded hemicelluloses in galactomannan film. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132733. [PMID: 38821298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
The Gleditsia sinensis Lam. pods (GSP) are consistently discarded as waste after saponin extraction due to a lack of industrial or high-value utilization. Herein, the hemicelluloses were extracted from two varieties of GSP and subjected to comprehensive characterization. The molar mass of DMSO-soluble hemicelluloses (53.3-66.0 kDa) was higher compared to that of alkali-soluble ones (24.9-32.6 kDa). The presence of minimal acetyl substitution (3.85-4.49 %) on xylan was unequivocally confirmed. NMR spectroscopic analysis indicated that the hemicelluloses in GSP predominantly consist of a 1,4-β-ᴅ-Xyl backbone with arabinose substituents at O-3 and 4-O-methyl-α-ᴅ-GlcA substituents at O-2 of the xylose residues. p-Coumaric acid substitution also occurred on the 1,4-β-ᴅ-Xyl backbone. Hydrothermal treatment significantly reduced the hemicelluloses' relative molar mass and produced 7-10 % xylo-oligosaccharides. Furthermore, the moderately degraded hemicelluloses exhibited significantly enhanced biological activity. Finally, the incorporation of the moderately degraded hemicelluloses imparted the galactomannan film with exceptional antioxidant properties (81.1 % DPPH scavenging activity), while negligibly affecting its transparency. Our study's findings will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the structural and biochemical properties of hemicellulose in waste G. sinensis pods, thereby facilitating their enhanced utilization in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichuang Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy (Ministry of Education), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy (Ministry of Education), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/Beijing Co-built on Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Liwei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy (Ministry of Education), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy (Ministry of Education), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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11
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Tong L, Li Y, Lou X, Wang B, Jin C, Fang W. Powerful cell wall biomass degradation enzymatic system from saprotrophic Aspergillus fumigatus. Cell Surf 2024; 11:100126. [PMID: 38827922 PMCID: PMC11143905 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2024.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell wall biomass, Earth's most abundant natural resource, holds significant potential for sustainable biofuel production. Composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, and other polymers, the plant cell wall provides essential structural support to diverse organisms in nature. In contrast, non-plant species like insects, crustaceans, and fungi rely on chitin as their primary structural polysaccharide. The saprophytic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus has been widely recognized for its adaptability to various environmental conditions. It achieves this by secreting different cell wall biomass degradation enzymes to obtain essential nutrients. This review compiles a comprehensive collection of cell wall degradation enzymes derived from A. fumigatus, including cellulases, hemicellulases, various chitin degradation enzymes, and other polymer degradation enzymes. Notably, these enzymes exhibit biochemical characteristics such as temperature tolerance or acid adaptability, indicating their potential applications across a spectrum of industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lige Tong
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yunaying Li
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Innovation Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Xinke Lou
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Innovation Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Bin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxia Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass Energy Technology, Institute of Biological Sciences and Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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12
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Wang D, Coleman HD. The transcriptional regulation of a putative hemicellulose gene, PtrPARVUS2 in poplar. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12592. [PMID: 38824196 PMCID: PMC11144201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The plant cell wall serves as a critical interface between the plant and its environment, offering protection against various stresses and contributing to biomass production. Hemicellulose is one of the major components of the cell wall, and understanding the transcriptional regulation of its production is essential to fully understanding cell wall formation. This study explores the regulatory mechanisms underlying one of the genes involved in hemicellulose biosynthesis, PtrPARVUS2. Six transcription factors (TFs) were identified from a xylem-biased library to negatively regulate PtrPARVUS2 expression. These TFs, belonging to diverse TF families, were confirmed to bind to specific cis-elements in the PtrPARVUS2 promoter region, as validated by Yeast One-Hybrid (Y1H) assays, transient expression analysis, and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) assays. Furthermore, motif analysis identified putative cis-regulatory elements bound by these TFs, shedding light on the transcriptional regulation of SCW biosynthesis genes. Notably, several TFs targeted genes encoding uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases (UGTs), crucial enzymes involved in hemicellulose glycosylation. Phylogenetic analysis of UGTs regulated by these TFs highlighted their diverse roles in modulating hemicellulose synthesis. Overall, this study identifies a set of TFs that regulate PARVUS2 in poplar, providing insights into the intricate coordination of TFs and PtrPARVUS2 in SCW formation. Understanding these regulatory mechanisms enhances our ability to engineer plant biomass for tailored applications, including biofuel production and bioproduct development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Heather D Coleman
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
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13
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Liu N, Odinot E, David H, Vita N, Otalvaro FM, Parsiegla G, Denis Y, Faulds C, Fierobe HP, Perret S. Intracellular removal of acetyl, feruloyl and p-coumaroyl decorations on arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides imported from lignocellulosic biomass degradation by Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:151. [PMID: 38789996 PMCID: PMC11127375 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02423-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylans are polysaccharides that are naturally abundant in agricultural by-products, such as cereal brans and straws. Microbial degradation of arabinoxylan is facilitated by extracellular esterases that remove acetyl, feruloyl, and p-coumaroyl decorations. The bacterium Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum possesses the Xua (xylan utilization associated) system, which is responsible for importing and intracellularly degrading arabinoxylodextrins. This system includes an arabinoxylodextrins importer, four intracellular glycosyl hydrolases, and two intracellular esterases, XuaH and XuaJ which are encoded at the end of the gene cluster. RESULTS Genetic studies demonstrate that the genes xuaH and xuaJ are part of the xua operon, which covers xuaABCDD'EFGHIJ. This operon forms a functional unit regulated by the two-component system XuaSR. The esterases encoded at the end of the cluster have been further characterized: XuaJ is an acetyl esterase active on model substrates, while XuaH is a xylan feruloyl- and p-coumaryl-esterase. This latter is active on oligosaccharides derived from wheat bran and wheat straw. Modelling studies indicate that XuaH has the potential to interact with arabinoxylobiose acylated with mono- or diferulate. The intracellular esterases XuaH and XuaJ are believed to allow the cell to fully utilize the complex acylated arabinoxylo-dextrins imported into the cytoplasm during growth on wheat bran or straw. CONCLUSIONS This study reports for the first time that a cytosolic feruloyl esterase is part of an intracellular arabinoxylo-dextrin import and degradation system, completing its cytosolic enzymatic arsenal. This system represents a new pathway for processing highly-decorated arabinoxylo-dextrins, which could provide a competitive advantage to the cell and may have interesting biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB-UMR7283, Marseille, France
| | - Elise Odinot
- OléoInnov, 19 rue du Musée, Marseille, 13001, France
| | - Hélène David
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB-UMR7283, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Vita
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LCB-UMR7283, Marseille, France
| | - Felipe Mejia Otalvaro
- Technical University of Denmark, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Konges Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Goetz Parsiegla
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, BIP-UMR7281, Marseille, France
| | - Yann Denis
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IMM, Marseille, France
| | - Craig Faulds
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, UMR1163, 13009, France
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Shao L, Jin S, Chen J, Yang G, Fan R, Zhang Z, Deng Q, Han J, Ma X, Dong Z, Lu H, Hu W, Wang K, Hu L, Shen Z, Huang S, Zhao T, Guan X, Hu Y, Zhang T, Fang L. High-quality genomes of Bombax ceiba and Ceiba pentandra provide insights into the evolution of Malvaceae species and differences in their natural fiber development. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100832. [PMID: 38321741 PMCID: PMC11121743 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Members of the Malvaceae family, including Corchorus spp., Gossypium spp., Bombax spp., and Ceiba spp., are important sources of natural fibers. In the past decade, the genomes of several Malvaceae species have been assembled; however, the evolutionary history of Malvaceae species and the differences in their fiber development remain to be clarified. Here, we report the genome assembly and annotation of two natural fiber plants from the Malvaceae, Bombax ceiba and Ceiba pentandra, whose assembled genome sizes are 783.56 Mb and 1575.47 Mb, respectively. Comparative analysis revealed that whole-genome duplication and Gypsy long terminal repeat retroelements have been the major causes of differences in chromosome number (2n = 14 to 2n = 96) and genome size (234 Mb to 2676 Mb) among Malvaceae species. We also used comparative genomic analyses to reconstruct the ancestral Malvaceae karyotype with 11 proto-chromosomes, providing new insights into the evolutionary trajectories of Malvaceae species. MYB-MIXTA-like 3 is relatively conserved among the Malvaceae and functions in fiber cell-fate determination in the epidermis. It appears to perform this function in any tissue where it is expressed, i.e. in fibers on the endocarp of B. ceiba and in ovule fibers of cotton. We identified a structural variation in a cellulose synthase gene and a higher copy number of cellulose synthase-like genes as possible causes of the finer, less spinnable, weaker fibers of B. ceiba. Our study provides two high-quality genomes of natural fiber plants and offers insights into the evolution of Malvaceae species and differences in their natural fiber formation and development through multi-omics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Shangkun Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinwen Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guangsui Yang
- Tropical Crop Germplasm Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Rui Fan
- Spices and Beverages Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qian Deng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jin Han
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeyu Dong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hejun Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wanying Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Lisong Hu
- Spices and Beverages Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- Tropical Crop Germplasm Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Surong Huang
- Tropical Crop Germplasm Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xueying Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yan Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources, Institute of Crop Science, Plant Precision Breeding Academy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China.
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15
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Firrincieli A, Minuti A, Cappelletti M, Ferilli M, Ajmone-Marsan P, Bani P, Petruccioli M, Harfouche AL. Structural and functional analysis of the active cow rumen's microbial community provides a catalogue of genes and microbes participating in the deconstruction of cardoon biomass. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:53. [PMID: 38589938 PMCID: PMC11003169 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ruminal microbial communities enriched on lignocellulosic biomass have shown considerable promise for the discovery of microorganisms and enzymes involved in digesting cell wall compounds, a key bottleneck in the development of second-generation biofuels and bioproducts, enabling a circular bioeconomy. Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) is a promising inedible energy crop for current and future cellulosic biorefineries and the emerging bioenergy and bioproducts industries. The rumen microbiome can be considered an anaerobic "bioreactor", where the resident microbiota carry out the depolymerization and hydrolysis of plant cell wall polysaccharides (PCWPs) through the catalytic action of fibrolytic enzymes. In this context, the rumen microbiota represents a potential source of microbes and fibrolytic enzymes suitable for biofuel production from feedstocks. In this study, metatranscriptomic and 16S rRNA sequencing were used to profile the microbiome and to investigate the genetic features within the microbial community adherent to the fiber fractions of the rumen content and to the residue of cardoon biomass incubated in the rumen of cannulated cows. RESULTS The metatranscriptome of the cardoon and rumen fibre-adherent microbial communities were dissected in their functional and taxonomic components. From a functional point of view, transcripts involved in the methanogenesis from CO2 and H2, and from methanol were over-represented in the cardoon-adherent microbial community and were affiliated with the Methanobrevibacter and Methanosphaera of the Euryarchaeota phylum. Transcripts encoding glycoside hydrolases (GHs), carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), carbohydrate esterases (CEs), polysaccharide lyases (PLs), and glycoside transferases (GTs) accounted for 1.5% (6,957) of the total RNA coding transcripts and were taxonomically affiliated to major rumen fibrolytic microbes, such as Oscillospiraceae, Fibrobacteraceae, Neocallimastigaceae, Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Treponemataceae. The comparison of the expression profile between cardoon and rumen fiber-adherent microbial communities highlighted that specific fibrolytic enzymes were potentially responsible for the breakdown of cardoon PCWPs, which was driven by specific taxa, mainly Ruminococcus, Treponema, and Neocallimastigaceae. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of 16S rRNA and metatranscriptomic sequencing data revealed that the cow rumen microbiome harbors a repertoire of new enzymes capable of degrading PCWPs. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using metatranscriptomics of enriched microbial RNA as a potential approach for accelerating the discovery of novel cellulolytic enzymes that could be harnessed for biotechnology. This research contributes a relevant perspective towards degrading cellulosic biomass and providing an economical route to the production of advanced biofuels and high-value bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Firrincieli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Andrea Minuti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Martina Cappelletti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Ferilli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
- CREI - Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi Research Center On Sustainable Dairy Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Bani
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Maurizio Petruccioli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Antoine L Harfouche
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis Snc, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
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16
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He W, Chai Q, Zhao C, Yu A, Fan Z, Yin W, Hu F, Fan H, Sun Y, Wang F. Blue light regulated lignin and cellulose content of soybean petioles and stems under low light intensity. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23091. [PMID: 38669458 DOI: 10.1071/fp23091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
To improve light harvest and plant structural support under low light intensity, it is useful to investigate the effects of different ratios of blue light on petiole and stem growth. Two true leaves of soybean seedlings were exposed to a total light intensity of 200μmolm-2 s-1 , presented as either white light or three levels of blue light (40μmolm-2 s-1 , 67μmolm-2 s-1 and 100μmolm-2 s-1 ) for 15days. Soybean petioles under the low blue light treatment upregulated expression of genes relating to lignin metabolism, enhancing lignin content compared with the white light treatment. The low blue light treatment had high petiole length, increased plant height and improved petiole strength arising from high lignin content, thus significantly increasing leaf dry weight relative to the white light treatment. Compared with white light, the treatment with the highest blue light ratio reduced plant height and enhanced plant support through increased cellulose and hemicellulose content in the stem. Under low light intensity, 20% blue light enhanced petiole length and strength to improve photosynthate biomass; whereas 50% blue light lowered plants' centre of gravity, preventing lodging and conserving carbohydrate allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China; and College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Aizhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China; and College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China; and College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China; and College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Falong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China; and College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China; and College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
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Tan Y, Zhan H, Chen H, Li X, Chen C, Liu H, Chen Y, Zhao Z, Xiao Y, Liu J, Zhao Y, Su Z, Xu C. Genome-wide identification of XTH gene family in Musa acuminata and response analyses of MaXTHs and xyloglucan to low temperature. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14231. [PMID: 38419576 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Banana (Musa spp.) production is seriously threatened by low temperature (LT) in tropical and subtropical regions. Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) are considered chief enzymes in cell wall remodelling and play a central role in stress responses. However, whether MaXTHs are involved in the low temperature stress tolerance in banana is not clear. Here, the identification and characterization of MaXTHs were carried out, followed by prediction of their cis-acting elements and protein-protein interactions. In addition, candidate MaXTHs involved in banana tolerance to LT were screened through a comparison of their responses to LT between tolerant and sensitive cultivars using RNA-Seq analysis. Moreover, immunofluorescence (IF) labelling was employed to compare changes in the temporal and spatial distribution of different types of xyloglucan components between these two cultivars upon stress. In total, 53 MaXTHs have been identified, and all were predicted to be located in the cell wall, 14 of them also in the cytoplasm. Only 11 MaXTHs have been found to interact with other proteins. Among 16 MaXTHs with LT responsiveness elements, MaXTH26/29/32/35/50 (Group I/II members) and MaXTH7/8 (Group IIIB members) might be involved in banana tolerance to LT stress. IF results suggested that the content of xyloglucan components recognized by CCRC-M87/103/104/106 antibodies might be negatively related to banana chilling tolerance. In conclusion, we have identified the MaXTH gene family and assessed cell wall re-modelling under LT stress. These results will be beneficial for banana breeding against stresses and enrich the cell wall-mediated resistance mechanism in plants to stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehuan Tan
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Meizhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Huiling Zhan
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Houbin Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming Branch, Maoming, China
| | - Xiaoquan Li
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chengjie Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilin Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyue Zhao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinyan Xiao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuxiang Su
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Chunxiang Xu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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John E, Chau MQ, Hoang CV, Chandrasekharan N, Bhaskar C, Ma LS. Fungal Cell Wall-Associated Effectors: Sensing, Integration, Suppression, and Protection. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:196-210. [PMID: 37955547 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-23-0142-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The cell wall (CW) of plant-interacting fungi, as the direct interface with host plants, plays a crucial role in fungal development. A number of secreted proteins are directly associated with the fungal CW, either through covalent or non-covalent interactions, and serve a range of important functions. In the context of plant-fungal interactions many are important for fungal development in the host environment and may therefore be considered fungal CW-associated effectors (CWAEs). Key CWAE functions include integrating chemical/physical signals to direct hyphal growth, interfering with plant immunity, and providing protection against plant defenses. In recent years, a diverse range of mechanisms have been reported that underpin their roles, with some CWAEs harboring conserved motifs or functional domains, while others are reported to have novel features. As such, the current understanding regarding fungal CWAEs is systematically presented here from the perspective of their biological functions in plant-fungal interactions. An overview of the fungal CW architecture and the mechanisms by which proteins are secreted, modified, and incorporated into the CW is first presented to provide context for their biological roles. Some CWAE functions are reported across a broad range of pathosystems or symbiotic/mutualistic associations. Prominent are the chitin interacting-effectors that facilitate fungal CW modification, protection, or suppression of host immune responses. However, several alternative functions are now reported and are presented and discussed. CWAEs can play diverse roles, some possibly unique to fungal lineages and others conserved across a broad range of plant-interacting fungi. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan John
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Minh-Quang Chau
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Cuong V Hoang
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | | | - Chibbhi Bhaskar
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Lay-Sun Ma
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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19
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Zhang S, Wang J, Chen Y, Zheng Z, Xu Z. Efficient secretion of an enzyme cocktail in Escherichia coli for hemicellulose degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129205. [PMID: 38185299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The use of host to secrete several hemicellulase is a cost-effective way for hemicellulose degradation. In this study, the xylose utilization gene xylAB of Escherichia coli BL21 was knocked out, and the xylanase (N20Xyl), β-xylosidase (Xys), and feruloyl esterase (FaeLam) were co-expressed in this strain. By measuring the content of reducing sugars generated by enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat bran in the fermentation supernatant, the order of the three enzymes was screened to obtain the optimal recombinant strain of E. coli BL21/∆xylAB/pDIII-2. Subsequently, fermentation conditions including culture medium, inducer concentration, induction timing, metal ions, and glycine concentration were optimized. Then, different concentrations of wheat bran and xylan were added to the fermentation medium for degradation. The results showed that the extracellular reducing sugars content reached the highest value of 33.70 ± 0.46 g/L when 50 g/L xylan was added. Besides, the scavenging rates of hydroxyl radical by the fermentation supernatant was 81.0 ± 1.41 %, and the total antioxidant capacity reached 2.289 ± 0.55. Furthermore, it showed the growth promotion effect on different lactic acid bacteria. These results provided a basis for constructing E. coli strain to efficiently degrade hemicellulose, and the strain obtained has great potential application to transform hemicellulose into fermentable carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, PR China; Dongying Key Laboratory of Salt Tolerance Mechanism and Application of Halophytes, Dongying Institute, Shandong Normal University, Dongying 257000, PR China
| | - Jiapeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, PR China; Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Yunxia Chen
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, PR China
| | - Ziyi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, PR China; Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Zhenshang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, PR China; Department of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, PR China.
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20
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Gupta S, Guérin A, Herger A, Hou X, Schaufelberger M, Roulard R, Diet A, Roffler S, Lefebvre V, Wicker T, Pelloux J, Ringli C. Growth-inhibiting effects of the unconventional plant APYRASE 7 of Arabidopsis thaliana influences the LRX/RALF/FER growth regulatory module. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011087. [PMID: 38190412 PMCID: PMC10824444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant cell growth involves coordination of numerous processes and signaling cascades among the different cellular compartments to concomitantly enlarge the protoplast and the surrounding cell wall. The cell wall integrity-sensing process involves the extracellular LRX (LRR-Extensin) proteins that bind RALF (Rapid ALkalinization Factor) peptide hormones and, in vegetative tissues, interact with the transmembrane receptor kinase FERONIA (FER). This LRX/RALF/FER signaling module influences cell wall composition and regulates cell growth. The numerous proteins involved in or influenced by this module are beginning to be characterized. In a genetic screen, mutations in Apyrase 7 (APY7) were identified to suppress growth defects observed in lrx1 and fer mutants. APY7 encodes a Golgi-localized NTP-diphosphohydrolase, but opposed to other apyrases of Arabidopsis, APY7 revealed to be a negative regulator of cell growth. APY7 modulates the growth-inhibiting effect of RALF1, influences the cell wall architecture and -composition, and alters the pH of the extracellular matrix, all of which affect cell growth. Together, this study reveals a function of APY7 in cell wall formation and cell growth that is connected to growth processes influenced by the LRX/RALF/FER signaling module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibu Gupta
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amandine Guérin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aline Herger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyu Hou
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Schaufelberger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Romain Roulard
- UMR INRAe BioEcoAgro, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Anouck Diet
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Roffler
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Lefebvre
- UMR INRAe BioEcoAgro, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Thomas Wicker
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- UMR INRAe BioEcoAgro, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, Amiens, France
| | - Christoph Ringli
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Li W, Lin YCJ, Chen YL, Zhou C, Li S, De Ridder N, Oliveira DM, Zhang L, Zhang B, Wang JP, Xu C, Fu X, Luo K, Wu AM, Demura T, Lu MZ, Zhou Y, Li L, Umezawa T, Boerjan W, Chiang VL. Woody plant cell walls: Fundamentals and utilization. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:112-140. [PMID: 38102833 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls in plants, particularly forest trees, are the major carbon sink of the terrestrial ecosystem. Chemical and biosynthetic features of plant cell walls were revealed early on, focusing mostly on herbaceous model species. Recent developments in genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, transgenesis, and associated analytical techniques are enabling novel insights into formation of woody cell walls. Here, we review multilevel regulation of cell wall biosynthesis in forest tree species. We highlight current approaches to engineering cell walls as potential feedstock for materials and energy and survey reported field tests of such engineered transgenic trees. We outline opportunities and challenges in future research to better understand cell type biogenesis for more efficient wood cell wall modification and utilization for biomaterials or for enhanced carbon capture and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | | | - Ying-Lan Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Chenguang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Nette De Ridder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dyoni M Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jack P Wang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Changzheng Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaokang Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Taku Demura
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Science of Forest Plants and Microorganisms, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent L Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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22
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Hrmova M, Zimmer J, Bulone V, Fincher GB. Enzymes in 3D: Synthesis, remodelling, and hydrolysis of cell wall (1,3;1,4)-β-glucans. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:33-50. [PMID: 37594400 PMCID: PMC10762513 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in structural biology have provided valuable new insights into enzymes involved in plant cell wall metabolism. More specifically, the molecular mechanism of synthesis of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucans, which are widespread in cell walls of commercially important cereals and grasses, has been the topic of debate and intense research activity for decades. However, an inability to purify these integral membrane enzymes or apply transgenic approaches without interpretative problems associated with pleiotropic effects has presented barriers to attempts to define their synthetic mechanisms. Following the demonstration that some members of the CslF sub-family of GT2 family enzymes mediate (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthesis, the expression of the corresponding genes in a heterologous system that is free of background complications has now been achieved. Biochemical analyses of the (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthesized in vitro, combined with 3-dimensional (3D) cryogenic-electron microscopy and AlphaFold protein structure predictions, have demonstrated how a single CslF6 enzyme, without exogenous primers, can incorporate both (1,3)- and (1,4)-β-linkages into the nascent polysaccharide chain. Similarly, 3D structures of xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases and (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan endo- and exohydrolases have allowed the mechanisms of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan modification and degradation to be defined. X-ray crystallography and multi-scale modeling of a broad specificity GH3 β-glucan exohydrolase recently revealed a previously unknown and remarkable molecular mechanism with reactant trajectories through which a polysaccharide exohydrolase can act with a processive action pattern. The availability of high-quality protein 3D structural predictions should prove invaluable for defining structures, dynamics, and functions of other enzymes involved in plant cell wall metabolism in the immediate future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hrmova
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and the Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Jochen Zimmer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Vincent Bulone
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Alba Nova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Geoffrey B Fincher
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, and the Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
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23
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Colbert JB, Coleman HD. Functional Diversification and the Plant Secondary Cell Wall. J Mol Evol 2023; 91:761-772. [PMID: 37979044 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10145-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Much evidence exists suggesting the presence of genetic functional diversification in plants, though literature associated with the role of functional diversification in the evolution of the plant secondary cell wall (SCW) has sparsely been compiled and reviewed in a recent context. This review aims to elucidate, through the examination of gene phylogenies associated with its biosynthesis and maintenance, the role of functional diversification in shaping the critical, dynamic, and characteristic organelle, the secondary cell wall. It will be asserted that gene families resulting from gene duplication and subsequent functional divergence are present and are heavily involved in SCW biosynthesis and maintenance. Furthermore, diversification will be presented as a significant driver behind the evolution of the many functional characteristics of the SCW. The structure and function of the plant cell wall and its constituents will first be explored, followed by a discussion on the phenomenon of gene duplication and the resulting genetic functional divergence that can emerge. Finally, the major constituents of the SCW and their individual relationships with duplication and divergence will be reviewed to the extent of current knowledge on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Colbert
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - Heather D Coleman
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
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24
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Low KE, Tingley JP, Klassen L, King ML, Xing X, Watt C, Hoover SER, Gorzelak M, Abbott DW. Carbohydrate flow through agricultural ecosystems: Implications for synthesis and microbial conversion of carbohydrates. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108245. [PMID: 37652144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are chemically and structurally diverse biomolecules, serving numerous and varied roles in agricultural ecosystems. Crops and horticulture products are inherent sources of carbohydrates that are consumed by humans and non-human animals alike; however carbohydrates are also present in other agricultural materials, such as soil and compost, human and animal tissues, milk and dairy products, and honey. The biosynthesis, modification, and flow of carbohydrates within and between agricultural ecosystems is intimately related with microbial communities that colonize and thrive within these environments. Recent advances in -omics techniques have ushered in a new era for microbial ecology by illuminating the functional potential for carbohydrate metabolism encoded within microbial genomes, while agricultural glycomics is providing fresh perspective on carbohydrate-microbe interactions and how they influence the flow of functionalized carbon. Indeed, carbohydrates and carbohydrate-active enzymes are interventions with unrealized potential for improving carbon sequestration, soil fertility and stability, developing alternatives to antimicrobials, and circular production systems. In this manner, glycomics represents a new frontier for carbohydrate-based biotechnological solutions for agricultural systems facing escalating challenges, such as the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin E Low
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Jeffrey P Tingley
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Leeann Klassen
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Marissa L King
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Xiaohui Xing
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Caitlin Watt
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Shelley E R Hoover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Monika Gorzelak
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - D Wade Abbott
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
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25
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Lenhart D, Tischhöfer MT, Gruber R, Maag K, Reiter C, Alban S. Chemical and biological differences between original and mimetic pentosan polysulfates. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121201. [PMID: 37567725 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) is a semi-synthetic, heparin-like polysaccharide with manifold therapeutic actions. It is approved for treatment of bladder pain syndrome / interstitial cystitis in humans and treatment of musculoskeletal diseases in animals. PPS is produced by a complex procedure using beech wood as starting material. It consists of a mixture of sulfated glucuronoxylans, whose structural composition cannot be fully characterized by physicochemical analysis. The question arises whether PPS follow-on products are identical with the original and thus meet the requirement for generic drug application. The aim of this study was to investigate whether commercially available PPS products differ in physicochemical characteristics and biological effects from the original. Ten PPS preparations from different manufactures were analyzed using orthogonal analytical techniques including, inter alia, size exclusion chromatography with triple detection, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-resolution mid-infrared spectroscopy in aqueous solution with chemometric evaluation. For functional analysis, we measured the plasma kallikrein generation in human plasma and FXII activation. The study revealed significant structural and biological differences between PPS from different sources. Therefore, follow-on products cannot be considered identical but at best similar to original PPS. However, their similar efficacy and safety have still to be proven by comprehensive studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Lenhart
- bene pharmaChem GmbH & Co.KG, Bayerwaldstr. 7-9, 82538 Geretsried, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Gruber
- bene pharmaChem GmbH & Co.KG, Bayerwaldstr. 7-9, 82538 Geretsried, Germany
| | - Klaus Maag
- bene pharmaChem GmbH & Co.KG, Bayerwaldstr. 7-9, 82538 Geretsried, Germany
| | - Christian Reiter
- Paradigm Biopharmaceuticals, Level 15, 500 Collins St, Vic 3000, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susanne Alban
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel University, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
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26
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Xiang M, Yuan S, Zhang Q, Liu X, Li Q, Leng Z, Sha J, Anderson CT, Xiao C. Galactosylation of xyloglucan is essential for the stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton and endomembrane system through the proper assembly of cell walls. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5104-5123. [PMID: 37386914 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Xyloglucan, a major hemicellulose, interacts with cellulose and pectin to assemble primary cell walls in plants. Loss of the xyloglucan galactosyltransferase MURUS3 (MUR3) leads to the deficiency of galactosylated xyloglucan and perturbs plant growth. However, it is unclear whether defects in xyloglucan galactosylation influence the synthesis of other wall polysaccharides, cell wall integrity, cytoskeleton behaviour, and endomembrane homeostasis. Here, we found that in mur3-7 etiolated seedlings cellulose was reduced, CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA) genes were down-regulated, the density and mobility of cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) were decreased, and cellulose microfibrils become discontinuous. Pectin, rhamnogalacturonan II (RGII), and boron contents were reduced in mur3-7 plants, and B-RGII cross-linking was abnormal. Wall porosity and thickness were significantly increased in mur3-7 seedlings. Endomembrane aggregation was also apparent in the mur3-7 mutant. Furthermore, mutant seedlings and their actin filaments were more sensitive to Latrunculin A (LatA) treatment. However, all defects in mur3-7 mutants were substantially restored by exogenous boric acid application. Our study reveals the importance of MUR3-mediated xyloglucan galactosylation for cell wall structural assembly and homeostasis, which is required for the stabilization of the actin cytoskeleton and the endomembrane system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qingyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhengmei Leng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jingjing Sha
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Chaowen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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27
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Vilela RMIF, Kuster VC, Magalhães TA, Martini VC, Oliveira RM, de Oliveira DC. Galls induced by a root-knot nematode in Petroselinum crispum (Mill.): impacts on host development, histology, and cell wall dynamics. PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1287-1302. [PMID: 36892633 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Infection by the root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, impacts crop productivity worldwide, including parsley cultures (Petroselinum crispum). Meloidogyne infection involves a complex relationship between the pathogen and the host plant tissues, leading to the formation of galls and feeding sites that disorganize the vascular system, affecting the development of cultures. Herein, we sought to evaluate the impact of RKN on the agronomic traits, histology, and cell wall components of parsley, with emphasis on giant cell formation. The study consisted of two treatments: (i) control, where 50 individuals of parsley grew without M. incognita inoculation; and (ii) inoculated plants, where 50 individuals were exposed to juveniles (J2) of M. incognita. Meloidogyne incognita infection affected the development of parsley, reducing the growth of some agronomical characteristics such as root weight and shoot weight and height. Giant cell formation was noticed at 18 days after inoculation, promoting disorganization of the vascular system. Epitopes of HGs detected in giant cells reveal the continuous capacity of giant cells to elongate under the stimulus of RKN, essential processes for feeding site establishment. In addition, the detection of epitopes of HGs with low and high methyl-esterified groups indicates the PMEs activity despite biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinícius Coelho Kuster
- Campus Cidade Universitária, Universidade Federal de Jataí (UFJ), Jataí, Goiás, CEP 75801-615, Brazil
| | - Thiago Alves Magalhães
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Vitor Campana Martini
- Campus Umuarama, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Instituto de Biologia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, CEP 38402-020, Brazil
| | | | - Denis Coelho de Oliveira
- Campus Umuarama, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Instituto de Biologia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, CEP 38402-020, Brazil.
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28
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Jiang W, Chen J, Duan X, Li Y, Tao Z. Comparative Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Two WRKY Transcription Factors Positively Regulating Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in Polygonatum cyrtonema. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12943. [PMID: 37629123 PMCID: PMC10454705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum cyrtonema (P. cyrtonema) is a valuable rhizome-propagating traditional Chinese medical herb. Polysaccharides (PCPs) are the major bioactive constituents in P. cyrtonema. However, the molecular basis of PCP biosynthesis in P. cyrtonema remains unknown. In this study, we measured the PCP contents of 11 wild P. cyrtonema germplasms. The results showed that PCP content was the highest in Lishui Qingyuan (LSQY, 11.84%) and the lowest in Hangzhou Lin'an (HZLA, 7.18%). We next analyzed the transcriptome profiles of LSQY and HZLA. Through a qRT-PCR analysis of five differential expression genes from the PCP biosynthesis pathway, phosphomannomutase, UDP-glucose 4-epimerase (galE), and GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase were determined as the key enzymes. A protein of a key gene, galE1, was localized in the chloroplast. The PCP content in the transiently overexpressed galE1 tobacco leaves was higher than in the wild type. Moreover, luciferase and Y1H assays indicated that PcWRKY31 and PcWRKY34 could activate galE1 by binding to its promoter. Our research uncovers the novel regulatory mechanism of PCP biosynthesis in P. cyrtonema and is critical to molecular-assisted breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Jiang
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325005, China; (W.J.); (J.C.); (X.D.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Jiadong Chen
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325005, China; (W.J.); (J.C.); (X.D.)
| | - Xiaojing Duan
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325005, China; (W.J.); (J.C.); (X.D.)
| | - Yaping Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Protection and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Zhengming Tao
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou 325005, China; (W.J.); (J.C.); (X.D.)
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Comas-Serra F, Estrada P, Minjares-Fuentes R, Femenia A. Evaluation of Acemannan in Different Commercial Beverages Containing Aloe Vera ( Aloe barbadensis Miller) Gel. Gels 2023; 9:552. [PMID: 37504431 PMCID: PMC10379354 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) gel is a frequently used ingredient in many food pro-ducts, particularly beverages, due to its reported health benefits. Studies have identified acemannan, a polysaccharide rich in mannose units which are partially or fully acetylated, as the primary bioactive compound in Aloe vera gel. The acemannan content and its degree of acetylation (DA) were measured in 15 different commercial beverages containing Aloe vera at varying concentrations (from 30% to 99.8%) as listed on the label. Other biopolymers such as pectins, hemicelluloses, and cellulose were also evaluated. Flavoured beverages (seven samples labelled as containing from 30% to 77% Aloe vera) presented low levels of acemannan (<30 mg/100 g of fresh sample) and were fully deacetylated in most cases. These samples had high levels of other polymers such as pectins, hemicelluloses, and cellulose, likely due to the addition of fruit juices for flavour. Unflavoured beverages (eight samples, with Aloe vera concentrations above 99% according to their labels) had variable levels of acemannan, with only three containing more than 160 mg/100 g of fresh sample. In fact, four samples had less than 35 mg acemannan/100 g of fresh sample. DA levels in all but one sample were lower than 35%, possibly due to processing techniques such as pasteurization causing degradation and deacetylation of the acemannan polymer. Legislation regarding Aloe vera products is limited, and manufacturers are not required to disclose the presence or quality of bioactive compounds in their products, leaving consumers uncertain about the true properties of the products they purchase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Comas-Serra
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, C.P. 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Paula Estrada
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, C.P. 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rafael Minjares-Fuentes
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, C.P. 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Av. Artículo 123 s/n, Fracc. Filadelfia, Gómez Palacio 35010, Durango, Mexico
| | - Antoni Femenia
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, C.P. 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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30
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Immelmann R, Gawenda N, Ramírez V, Pauly M. Identification of a xyloglucan beta-xylopyranosyltransferase from Vaccinium corymbosum. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e514. [PMID: 37502316 PMCID: PMC10368651 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls contain the hemicellulose xyloglucan, whose fine structure may vary depending on cell type, tissue, and/or plant species. Most but not all of the glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of xyloglucan sidechains have been identified. Here, we report the identification of several functional glycosyltransferases from blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum bluecrop). Among those transferases is a hitherto elusive Xyloglucan:Beta-xylosylTransferase (XBT). Heterologous expression of VcXBT in the Arabidopsis thaliana double mutant mur3 xlt2, where xyloglucan consists only of an unsubstituted xylosylated glucan core structure, results in the production of the xylopyranose-containing "U" sidechain as characterized by mass spectrometry, glycosidic linkage, and NMR analysis. The introduction of the additional xylopyranosyl residue rescues the dwarfed phenotype of the untransformed Arabidopsis mur3 xlt2 mutant to wild-type height. Structural protein analysis using Alphafold of this and other related xyloglucan glycosyltransferase family 47 proteins not only identifies potential domains that might influence the regioselectivity of these enzymes but also gives hints to specific amino acids that might determine the donor-substrate specificity of these glycosyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Immelmann
- Institute of Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology‐Cluster of Excellence on Plant SciencesHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Niklas Gawenda
- Institute of Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology‐Cluster of Excellence on Plant SciencesHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Vicente Ramírez
- Institute of Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology‐Cluster of Excellence on Plant SciencesHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Markus Pauly
- Institute of Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology‐Cluster of Excellence on Plant SciencesHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
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31
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Costa DA, Williams TC, do Vale LHF, Filho EX. Characterization of mannanases from Clonostachys byssicola involved in the breakdown of lignocellulosic substrates. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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32
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Caban M, Lewandowska U. Encapsulation of Polyphenolic Compounds Based on Hemicelluloses to Enhance Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Colorectal Cancer. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104189. [PMID: 37241929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are difficult to cure, and available treatment is associated with troubling side effects. In addition, current therapies have limited efficacy and are characterized by high costs, and a large segment of the IBD and CRC patients are refractive to the treatment. Moreover, presently used anti-IBD therapies in the clinics are primarily aimed on the symptomatic control. That is why new agents with therapeutic potential against IBD and CRC are required. Currently, polyphenols have received great attention in the pharmaceutical industry and in medicine due to their health-promoting properties. They may exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-cancer activity, via inhibiting production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes or factors associated with carcinogenesis (e.g., matrix metalloproteinases, vascular endothelial growth factor), suggesting they may have therapeutic potential against IBD and CRC. However, their use is limited under both processing conditions or gastrointestinal interactions, reducing their stability and hence their bioaccessibility and bioavailability. Therefore, there is a need for more effective carriers that could be used for encapsulation of polyphenolic compounds. In recent years, natural polysaccharides have been proposed for creating carriers used in the synthesis of polyphenol encapsulates. Among these, hemicelluloses are particularly noteworthy, being characterized by good biocompatibility, biodegradation, low immunogenicity, and pro-health activity. They may also demonstrate synergy with the polyphenol payload. This review discusses the utility and potential of hemicellulose-based encapsulations of polyphenols as support for treatment of IBD and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Caban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Urszula Lewandowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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Mazumder S, Zhang N. Cellulose-Hemicellulose-Lignin Interaction in the Secondary Cell Wall of Coconut Endocarp. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8020188. [PMID: 37218775 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The coconut shell consists of three distinct layers: the skin-like outermost exocarp, the thick fibrous mesocarp, and the hard and tough inner endocarp. In this work, we focused on the endocarp because it features a unique combination of superior properties, including low weight, high strength, high hardness, and high toughness. These properties are usually mutually exclusive in synthesized composites. The microstructures of the secondary cell wall of the endocarp at the nanoscale, in which cellulose microfibrils are surrounded by hemicellulose and lignin, were generated. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations with PCFF force field were conducted to investigate the deformation and failure mechanisms under uniaxial shear and tension. Steered molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the interaction between different types of polymer chains. The results demonstrated that cellulose-hemicellulose and cellulose-lignin exhibit the strongest and weakest interactions, respectively. This conclusion was further validated against the DFT calculations. Additionally, through shear simulations of sandwiched polymer models, it was found that cellulose-hemicellulose-cellulose exhibits the highest strength and toughness, while cellulose-lignin-cellulose shows the lowest strength and toughness among all tested cases. This conclusion was further confirmed by uniaxial tension simulations of sandwiched polymer models. It was revealed that hydrogen bonds formed between the polymer chains are responsible for the observed strengthening and toughening behaviors. Additionally, it was interesting to note that failure mode under tension varies with the density of amorphous polymers located between cellulose bundles. The failure mode of multilayer polymer models under tension was also investigated. The findings of this work could potentially provide guidelines for the design of coconut-inspired lightweight cellular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmi Mazumder
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
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34
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Oelmüller R, Tseng YH, Gandhi A. Signals and Their Perception for Remodelling, Adjustment and Repair of the Plant Cell Wall. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087417. [PMID: 37108585 PMCID: PMC10139151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the cell wall is important for plant cells. Mechanical or chemical distortions, tension, pH changes in the apoplast, disturbance of the ion homeostasis, leakage of cell compounds into the apoplastic space or breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides activate cellular responses which often occur via plasma membrane-localized receptors. Breakdown products of the cell wall polysaccharides function as damage-associated molecular patterns and derive from cellulose (cello-oligomers), hemicelluloses (mainly xyloglucans and mixed-linkage glucans as well as glucuronoarabinoglucans in Poaceae) and pectins (oligogalacturonides). In addition, several types of channels participate in mechanosensing and convert physical into chemical signals. To establish a proper response, the cell has to integrate information about apoplastic alterations and disturbance of its wall with cell-internal programs which require modifications in the wall architecture due to growth, differentiation or cell division. We summarize recent progress in pattern recognition receptors for plant-derived oligosaccharides, with a focus on malectin domain-containing receptor kinases and their crosstalk with other perception systems and intracellular signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Oelmüller
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Yu-Heng Tseng
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Akanksha Gandhi
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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35
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McFarlane HE. Open questions in plant cell wall synthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023:erad110. [PMID: 36961357 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells are surrounded by strong yet flexible polysaccharide-based cell walls that support the cell while also allowing growth by cell expansion. Plant cell wall research has advanced tremendously in recent years. Sequenced genomes of many model and crop plants have facilitated cataloging and characterization of many enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis. Structural information has been generated for several important cell wall synthesizing enzymes. Important tools have been developed including antibodies raised against a variety of cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins, collections of enzyme clones and synthetic glycan arrays for characterizing enzymes, herbicides that specifically affect cell wall synthesis, live-cell imaging probes to track cell wall synthesis, and an inducible secondary cell wall synthesis system. Despite these advances, and often because of the new information they provide, many open questions about plant cell wall polysaccharide synthesis persist. This article highlights some of the key questions that remain open, reviews the data supporting different hypotheses that address these questions, and discusses technological developments that may answer these questions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E McFarlane
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
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36
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Wang S, Robertz S, Seven M, Kraemer F, Kuhn BM, Liu L, Lunde C, Pauly M, Ramírez V. A large-scale forward genetic screen for maize mutants with altered lignocellulosic properties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1099009. [PMID: 36959947 PMCID: PMC10028098 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1099009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of efficient pipelines for the bioconversion of grass lignocellulosic feedstocks is challenging due to the limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling the synthesis, deposition, and degradation of the varying polymers unique to grass cell walls. Here, we describe a large-scale forward genetic approach resulting in the identification of a collection of chemically mutagenized maize mutants with diverse alterations in their cell wall attributes such as crystalline cellulose content or hemicellulose composition. Saccharification yield, i.e. the amount of lignocellulosic glucose (Glc) released by means of enzymatic hydrolysis, is increased in two of the mutants and decreased in the remaining six. These mutants, termed candy-leaf (cal), show no obvious plant growth or developmental defects despite associated differences in their lignocellulosic composition. The identified cal mutants are a valuable tool not only to understand recalcitrance of grass lignocellulosics to enzymatic deconstruction but also to decipher grass-specific aspects of cell wall biology once the genetic basis, i.e. the location of the mutation, has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaogan Wang
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology-Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Robertz
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology-Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Merve Seven
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology-Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Kraemer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Kuhn
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Lifeng Liu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - China Lunde
- Plant Gene Expression Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Markus Pauly
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology-Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Vicente Ramírez
- Institute for Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology-Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
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37
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Paulsen Thoresen P, Lange H, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L. Role and importance of solvents for the fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128447. [PMID: 36496118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most important renewable materials to replace carbon-based fossil resources. Solvent-based fractionation is a promising route for fractionation of biomass into its major components. Processing is governed by the employed solvent-systems properties. This review sheds light on the factors governing both dissolution and potential reactivities of the chemical structures present in lignocellulose, highlighting how proper understanding of the underlying mechanisms and interactions between solute and solvent help to choose proper systems for specific fractionation needs. Structural and chemical differences between the carbohydrate-based structural polymers and lignin require very different solvents capabilities in terms of causing and eventually stabilizing conformational changes and consequent activation of bonds to be cleaved by other active components in the. A consideration of potential depolymerization events during dissolution and energetic aspects of the dissolution process considering the contribution of polymer functionalities allow for a mapping of solvent suitability for biomass fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Paulsen Thoresen
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden
| | - Heiko Lange
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Matsakas
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971-87, Sweden.
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Bergstrom E, Lahnstein J, Collins H, Page TM, Bulone V, Diaz-Pulido G. Cell wall organic matrix composition and biomineralization across reef-building coralline algae under global change. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:111-125. [PMID: 36301224 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Crustose coralline algae (CCA) are one of the most important benthic substrate consolidators on coral reefs through their ability to deposit calcium carbonate on an organic matrix in their cell walls. Discrete polysaccharides have been recognized for their role in biomineralization, yet little is known about the carbohydrate composition of organic matrices across CCA taxa and whether they have the capacity to modulate their organic matrix constituents amidst environmental change, particularly the threats of ocean acidification (OA) and warming. We simulated elevated pCO2 and temperature (IPCC RCP 8.5) and subjected four mid-shelf Great Barrier Reef species of CCA to 2 months of experimentation. To assess the variability in surficial monosaccharide composition and biomineralization across species and treatments, we determined the monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharides present in the cell walls of surficial algal tissue and quantified calcification. Our results revealed dissimilarity among species' monosaccharide constituents, which suggests that organic matrices are composed of different polysaccharides across CCA taxa. We also observed that species differentially modulate composition in response to ocean acidification and warming. Our findings suggest that both variability in composition and ability to modulate monosaccharide abundance may play a crucial role in surficial biomineralization dynamics under the stress of OA and global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Bergstrom
- School of Environment & Science and Australian Rivers Institute - Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Jelle Lahnstein
- Adelaide Glycomics, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Helen Collins
- Adelaide Glycomics, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia, 5064, Australia
| | - Tessa M Page
- School of Environment & Science and Australian Rivers Institute - Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Adelaide Glycomics, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia, 5064, Australia
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Health Sciences Building, Flinders University, Bedford Park Campus, Sturt Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Guillermo Diaz-Pulido
- School of Environment & Science, Coastal & Marine Research Centre and Australian Rivers Institute - Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
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Beidler I, Robb CS, Vidal-Melgosa S, Zühlke MK, Bartosik D, Solanki V, Markert S, Becher D, Schweder T, Hehemann JH. Marine bacteroidetes use a conserved enzymatic cascade to digest diatom β-mannan. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:276-285. [PMID: 36411326 PMCID: PMC9860051 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The polysaccharide β-mannan, which is common in terrestrial plants but unknown in microalgae, was recently detected during diatom blooms. We identified a β-mannan polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) in the genome of the marine flavobacterium Muricauda sp. MAR_2010_75. Proteomics showed β-mannan induced translation of 22 proteins encoded within the PUL. Biochemical and structural analyses deduced the enzymatic cascade for β-mannan utilization. A conserved GH26 β-mannanase with endo-activity depolymerized the β-mannan. Consistent with the biochemistry, X-ray crystallography showed the typical TIM-barrel fold of related enzymes found in terrestrial β-mannan degraders. Structural and biochemical analyses of a second GH26 allowed the prediction of an exo-activity on shorter manno-gluco oligosaccharides. Further analysis demonstrated exo-α-1,6-galactosidase- and endo-β-1,4-glucanase activity of the PUL-encoded GH27 and GH5_26, respectively, indicating the target substrate is a galactoglucomannan. Epitope deletion assays with mannanases as analytic tools indicate the presence of β-mannan in the diatoms Coscinodiscus wailesii and Chaetoceros affinis. Mannanases from the PUL were active on diatom β-mannan and polysaccharide extracts sampled during a microalgal bloom at the North Sea. Together these results demonstrate that marine microorganisms use a conserved enzymatic cascade to degrade β-mannans of marine and terrestrial origin and that this metabolic pathway plays a role in marine carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Beidler
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Craig S Robb
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, MARUM, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Silvia Vidal-Melgosa
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, MARUM, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Marie-Katherin Zühlke
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daniel Bartosik
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vipul Solanki
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, MARUM, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Markert
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Institute of Microbiology, University Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Jan-Hendrik Hehemann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
- University of Bremen, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, MARUM, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
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Pieczywek PM, Chibrikov V, Zdunek A. In silico studies of plant primary cell walls - structure and mechanics. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:887-899. [PMID: 36692136 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Primary plant cell wall (PCW) is a highly organized network, its performance is dependent on cellulose, hemicellulose and pectic polysaccharides, their properties, interactions and assemblies. Their mutual relationships and functions in the cell wall can be better understood by means of conceptual models of their higher-order structures. Knowledge unified in the form of a conceptual model allows predictions to be made about the properties and behaviour of the system under study. Ongoing research in this field has resulted in a number of conceptual models of the cell wall. However, due to the currently limited research methods, the community of cell wall researchers have not reached a consensus favouring one model over another. Herein we present yet another research technique - numerical modelling - which is capable of resolving this issue. Even at the current stage of development of numerical techniques, due to their complexity, the in silico reconstruction of PCW remains a challenge for computational simulations. However, some difficulties have been overcome, thereby making it possible to produce advanced approximations of PCW structure and mechanics. This review summarizes the results concerning the simulation of polysaccharide interactions in PCW with regard to network fine structure, supramolecular properties and polysaccharide binding affinity. The in silico mechanical models presented herein incorporate certain physical and biomechanical aspects of cell wall architecture for the purposes of undertaking critical testing to bring about advances in our understanding of the mechanisms controlling cells and limiting cell wall expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Mariusz Pieczywek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Doświadczalna 4, Lublin, 20-290, Poland
| | - Vadym Chibrikov
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Doświadczalna 4, Lublin, 20-290, Poland
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Doświadczalna 4, Lublin, 20-290, Poland
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Gao Y, Guo M, Wang D, Zhao D, Wang M. Advances in extraction, purification, structural characteristics and biological activities of hemicelluloses: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:467-483. [PMID: 36379281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hemicelluloses, a major component of plant cell walls, are a non-cellulosic heteropolysaccharide composed of several distinct sugars that is second in abundance to cellulose, which are one of the most abundant and cheapest renewable resources on earth. Hemicelluloses structure is complex and its chemical structure varies greatly among the different plant species. In addition to its wide use in production of feed and other chemical materials, hemicelluloses are known for its remarkable biological activities that remain largely underutilised to date. Therefore, comprehensive investigations of hemicelluloses structural and biological properties would be helpful for achieving rational utilisation and high-value conversion of this underutilised substance into agents with enhanced health benefits for incorporation in drugs and health foods. In this review, details of diverse research initiatives that have enhanced our understanding of hemicelluloses properties are summarised, including hemicelluloses sources, extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics and biological activities. Furthermore, hemicelluloses structure-activity relationships and new directions for future hemicelluloses research studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gao
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China; College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingkun Guo
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China; College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
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Wang C, Chen Y, Cui C, Shan F, Zhang R, Lyu X, Lyu L, Chang H, Yan C, Ma C. Blue Light Regulates Cell Wall Structure and Carbohydrate Metabolism of Soybean Hypocotyl. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1017. [PMID: 36674538 PMCID: PMC9864885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean stem elongation and thickening are related to cell wall composition. Plant morphogenesis can be influenced by blue light, which can regulate cell wall structure and composition, and affect stem growth and development. Here, using proteomics and metabolomics, differentially expressed proteins and metabolites of hypocotyls grown in the dark and under blue light were studied to clarify the effects of blue light on the cell wall structure and carbohydrate metabolism pathway of soybean hypocotyls. Results showed that 1120 differential proteins were upregulated and 797 differential proteins were downregulated under blue light treatment, while 63 differential metabolites were upregulated and 36 differential metabolites were downregulated. Blue light promoted the establishment of cell wall structure and composition by regulating the expression of both the enzymes and metabolites related to cell wall structural composition and nonstructural carbohydrates. Thus, under blue light, the cross-sectional area of the hypocotyl and xylem were larger, the longitudinal length of pith cells was smaller, elongation of the soybean hypocotyl was inhibited, and diameter was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chao Yan
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chunmei Ma
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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43
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Kutsuno T, Chowhan S, Kotake T, Takahashi D. Temporal cell wall changes during cold acclimation and deacclimation and their potential involvement in freezing tolerance and growth. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e13837. [PMID: 36461890 PMCID: PMC10107845 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants adapt to freezing stress through cold acclimation, which is induced by nonfreezing low temperatures and accompanied by growth arrest. A later increase in temperature after cold acclimation leads to rapid loss of freezing tolerance and growth resumption, a process called deacclimation. Appropriate regulation of the trade-off between freezing tolerance and growth is necessary for efficient plant development in a changing environment. The cell wall, which mainly consists of polysaccharide polymers, is involved in both freezing tolerance and growth. Still, it is unclear how the balance between freezing tolerance and growth is affected during cold acclimation and deacclimation by the changes in cell wall structure and what role is played by its monosaccharide composition. Therefore, to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms controlling freezing tolerance and growth during cold acclimation and deacclimation, we investigated cell wall changes in detail by sequential fractionation and monosaccharide composition analysis in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, for which a plethora of information and mutant lines are available. We found that arabinogalactan proteins and pectic galactan changed in close coordination with changes in freezing tolerance and growth during cold acclimation and deacclimation. On the other hand, arabinan and xyloglucan did not return to nonacclimation levels after deacclimation but stabilized at cold acclimation levels. This indicates that deacclimation does not completely restore cell wall composition to the nonacclimated state but rather changes it to a specific novel composition that is probably a consequence of the loss of freezing tolerance and provides conditions for growth resumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kutsuno
- Graduate School of Science & EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Sushan Chowhan
- Graduate School of Science & EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Toshihisa Kotake
- Graduate School of Science & EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Graduate School of Science & EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitamaJapan
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Purushotham P, Ho R, Yu L, Fincher GB, Bulone V, Zimmer J. Mechanism of mixed-linkage glucan biosynthesis by barley cellulose synthase-like CslF6 (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthase. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd1596. [PMID: 36367939 PMCID: PMC9651860 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mixed-linkage (1,3;1,4)-β-glucans, which are widely distributed in cell walls of the grasses, are linear glucose polymers containing predominantly (1,4)-β-linked glucosyl units interspersed with single (1,3)-β-linked glucosyl units. Their distribution in cereal grains and unique structures are important determinants of dietary fibers that are beneficial to human health. We demonstrate that the barley cellulose synthase-like CslF6 enzyme is sufficient to synthesize a high-molecular weight (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in vitro. Biochemical and cryo-electron microscopy analyses suggest that CslF6 functions as a monomer. A conserved "switch motif" at the entrance of the enzyme's transmembrane channel is critical to generate (1,3)-linkages. There, a single-point mutation markedly reduces (1,3)-linkage formation, resulting in the synthesis of cellulosic polysaccharides. Our results suggest that CslF6 monitors the orientation of the nascent polysaccharide's second or third glucosyl unit. Register-dependent interactions with these glucosyl residues reposition the polymer's terminal glucosyl unit to form either a (1,3)- or (1,4)-β-linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallinti Purushotham
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 480 Ray C. Hunt Dr., Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ruoya Ho
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 480 Ray C. Hunt Dr., Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Long Yu
- Adelaide Glycomics, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Geoffrey B. Fincher
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Vincent Bulone
- Adelaide Glycomics, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
- Division of Glycoscience, Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Health, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Jochen Zimmer
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, 480 Ray C. Hunt Dr., Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Lassfolk R, Pedrón M, Tejero T, Merino P, Wärnå J, Leino R. Acetyl Group Migration in Xylan and Glucan Model Compounds as Studied by Experimental and Computational Methods. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14544-14554. [PMID: 36251002 PMCID: PMC9639004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It was recently demonstrated by us that acetyl groups in oligosaccharides can migrate not only within one saccharide unit but also between two different saccharide units. Kinetics of this phenomenon were previously investigated in both mannan model compounds and a naturally occurring polysaccharide. In addition to mannans, there are also several other naturally acetylated polysaccharides, such as xyloglucans and xylans. Both xyloglucans and xylans are some of the most common acetylated polysaccharides in nature, displaying important roles in the plant cells. Considering the various biological roles of natural polysaccharides, it could be hypothesized that the intramolecular migration of acetyl groups might also be associated with regulation of the biological activity of polysaccharides in nature. Consequently, a better understanding of the overall migration phenomenon across the glycosidic bonds could help to understand the potential role of such migrations in the context of the biological activity of polysaccharides. Here, we present a detailed investigation on acetyl group migration in the synthesized xylan and glucan trisaccharide model compounds by a combination of experimental and computational methods, showing that the migration between the saccharide units proceeds from a secondary hydroxyl group of one saccharide unit toward a primary hydroxyl group of the other unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lassfolk
- Laboratory
of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo
Akademi University, 20500Turku, Finland
| | - Manuel Pedrón
- Institute
of Biocomputation & Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Tomás Tejero
- Institute
of Chemical Synthesis & Homogeneous Catalysis (ISQCH), University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pedro Merino
- Institute
of Biocomputation & Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, 50009Zaragoza, Spain,
| | - Johan Wärnå
- Laboratory
of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500Turku, Finland
| | - Reko Leino
- Laboratory
of Molecular Science and Engineering, Åbo
Akademi University, 20500Turku, Finland,
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Identification and bioinformatic analysis of the CaCesA/Csls family members and the expression of the CaCslD1 in the flower buds of CMS/Rf system in pepper. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:1411-1431. [PMID: 36138269 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The cellulose synthase gene superfamily contains cellulose synthase (CesA) and cellulose synthase-like (Csl) gene families, which synthesize cellulose and hemicellulose in plant cell walls and play a crucial role in plant growth and development. However, the CesA/Csl gene family has not been reported in pepper. Therefore, the genome-wide research of the CaCesA/CaCsl gene family was conducted in pepper. In this study, a total of 39 CaCesA/CaCsls genes (10 CesAs genes and 29 Csls genes) were identified in pepper and unevenly distributed on 11 chromosomes. These CaCesA/Csls were divided into seven subfamilies (CesAs, CslAs, CslBs, CslCs, CslDs, CslEs, CslGs), and most of CaCesA/Csls genes are closely related to AtCesA/Csls genes. The cis-acting elements in the promoters of CaCesA/Csls genes are mainly related to hormone response and stress response. There are ten collinear gene pairs between the CesA/Csls gene family of pepper and Arabidopsis, and four fragment duplication gene pairs of the CaCesA/Csls genes were discovered. RNA-seq analysis shows that the majority of CaCesA/Csls are expressed in a variety of plant tissues, indicating that most CaCesA/Csls gene expression patterns are not organ-specific, and CaCslD1/D4 have the highest expression in anthers, followed by petal, ovary, and F9. RNA-seq analysis shows that most CaCesA/Csls are responsive to five hormones (IAA, GA3, ABA, SA, and MeJA). The tissue-specific expression analysis of the CaCslD1 gene shows that the CaCslD1 gene is expressed specifically in flowers. In the flower buds IV of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) and its restoration of fertility (Rf) system, CaCslD1 reach the highest expression respectively. However, the relative expression level of CaCslD1 in the fertile accessions is extremely significantly higher than in the sterile accessions. This study shows an overall understanding of the CaCesA/Csls gene family and provides a new insight for understanding the function of CaCslD1 in pollen development and exploring the fertility restoration of CMS in pepper.
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Ren X, Yu Z, Song X, Zhu J, Wang W, Cao X. Effects of modified clay on the formation of Phaeocystis globosa colony revealed by physiological and transcriptomic analyses. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155985. [PMID: 35597349 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The harmful algal bloom (HAB) species Phaeocystis globosa is commonly observed in global temperate and tropical oceans, and colonies of P. globosa exhibit a dominant morphotype during blooms. The use of polyaluminium chloride modified clay (PAC-MC) is an effective mitigation strategy for P. globosa blooms. Although previous studies have found that PAC-MC can stimulate P. globosa colony formation at low concentrations and inhibit it at higher concentrations, the underlying mechanisms of these effects are poorly understood. Here, we comprehensively compared the physiochemical indices and transcriptomic response of residual P. globosa cells after treatment with two concentrations of PAC-MC. The results showed that PAC-MC induced oxidative stress, photosynthetic inhibition, and DNA damage in residual cells. Moreover, it could activate antioxidant responses and enhance the repair of photosynthetic structure and DNA damage in cells. The biosynthesis of polysaccharides was enhanced and genes associated with cell motility were down-regulated after treatment with PAC-MC, resulting in the accumulation of colonial matrixes. After treatment with a low concentration of PAC-MC (0.1 g/L), the residual cells were slightly stressed, including physical damage, oxidative stress and other damage, and polysaccharide synthesis was enhanced to promote colony formation to alleviate environmental stress. Moreover, the damage to residual cells was slight; thus, normal cell function provided abundant energy and matter for colony formation. After treatment with a high concentration of PAC-MC (0.5 g/L), the residual cells suffered severe damage, which disrupted normal physiological processes and inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation. The present study elucidated the concentration-dependent mechanism of PAC-MC affecting the formation of P. globosa colonies and provided a reference for the application of PAC-MC to control P. globosa blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzheng Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhiming Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiuxian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xihua Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Munekata N, Tsuyama T, Kamei I, Kijidani Y, Takabe K. Deposition patterns of feruloylarabinoxylan during cell wall formation in moso bamboo. PLANTA 2022; 256:59. [PMID: 35984573 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03970-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The feruloylarabinoxylan deposition was initiated at the formation of the secondary cell wall, especially S2 layer in moso bamboo, which may affect crosslinking between cell wall components and plant growth. Hemicelluloses, major components of plant cell walls that are hydrogen bonded to cellulose and covalently bound to lignin, are crucial determinants of cell wall properties. Especially in commelinid monocotyledons, arabinoxylan is often esterified with ferulic acid, which is essential to crosslinking with cell wall components. However, the deposition patterns and localization of ferulic acid during cell wall formation remain unclear. In this study, developing moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) culms were used to elucidate deposition patterns of hemicelluloses including feruloylarabinoxylan. Ferulic acid content peaked with cessation of elongation growth, and thereafter decreased and remained stable as culm development proceeded. During primary cell wall (PCW) formation, xyloglucan and (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan signals were detected in all tissues. Along with culm development, arabinoxylan and feruloylarabinoxylan signals were sequentially observed in the protoxylem, vascular fibers and metaxylem, and parenchyma. Feruloylarabinoxylan signals were observed slightly later than arabinoxylan signals. Arabinoxylan signals were observed throughout the compound middle lamella and secondary cell wall (SCW), whereas the feruloylarabinoxylan signal was localized to the S2 layer of the SCW. These results indicate that the biosynthesis of hemicelluloses is regulated in accordance with cell wall layers. Feruloylarabinoxylan deposition may be initiated at the formation of SCW, especially S2 layer formation. Ferulic acid-mediated linkages of arabinoxylan-arabinoxylan and arabinoxylan-lignin would arise during SCW formation with the cessation of elongation growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Munekata
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Taku Tsuyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Kamei
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kijidani
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Keiji Takabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Jung J, Lin CY, Zhao Y. Enhancing anthocyanin-phenolic copigmentation through epicarp layer treatment and edible coatings to retain anthocyanins in thermally processed whole blueberries. J Food Sci 2022; 87:3809-3821. [PMID: 35978552 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins in processed fruit degrade significantly due to their heat and oxygen sensitivity and water solubility. Copigmentation for stabilizing anthocyanins is less effective for whole fruit due to anthocyanins' location within cell vacuoles surrounded by the epicarp layer as barrier to prevent copigment complexing with anthocyanins. This study investigated strategies for enhancing anthocyanin-phenolic copigmentation on blueberry surface, and integrated copigmentation with layer-by-layer (LBL) coating to retain anthocyanin stability in thermally processed blueberries. Results indicated that epicarp layer treatment of fruit by Tween 80 (T80) and CaCl2 is important for enhancing anthocyanin-phenolic copigmentation. The sequential copigmentation treatment using T80, ferulic acid, and CaCl2 (T80→FA→CaCl2 ) or T80, tannic acid, and CaCl2 (T80→TA→CaCl2 ) resulted in higher (p < 0.05) retention of total monomeric anthocyanin (3.18 mg/g and 3.38 mg/g, respectively) in thermally processed blueberries after 7-day ambient storage than that of untreated fruit (2.79 mg/g). Percent polymeric color (PPC) of blueberries treated by T80→FA→CaCl2 (15.5%) or T80→TA→CaCl2 (17.4%) was lower (p < 0.05) than that treated by TA alone (22.5%). The LBL coating enhanced microstructure stability for preserving anthocyanins in thermally processed blueberries. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of sequential copigmentation of blueberries after epicarp layer treatment followed by LBL coating for enhancing anthocyanin stability in processed whole fruit. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: When anthocyanin-rich fruit is thermally processed, anthocyanins degrade and leach to aqueous packing solution because of its heat sensitivity and water solubility. This study developed an innovative technology through implementing sequential treatments of copigmentation and water- and heat-resistant coating for preventing heat and water degradation of anthocyanins in whole fruit during processing in aqueous media. The developed technology can be practically applied to enhance the quality and health benefits of thermally processed anthocyanin-rich whole fruit. The technology can not only be utilized to improve existing fruit products, but also develop new and novel fruit products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyeoun Jung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Chieh-Yi Lin
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Yanyun Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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50
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Biorefinery of apple pomace: New insights into xyloglucan building blocks. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 290:119526. [PMID: 35550758 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Within the apple pomace biorefinery cascade processing framework aiming at adding value to an agroindustrial waste, after pectin recovery, this study focused on hemicellulose. The structure of the major apple hemicellulose, xyloglucan (XyG), was assessed as a prerequisite to potential developments in industrial applications. DMSO-LiCl and 4 M KOH soluble hemicelluloses from pectin-extracted apple pomace were purified by anion exchange chromatography. XyG structure was assessed by coupling xyloglucanase and endo-β-1,4-glucanase digestions to HPAEC and MALDI-TOF MS analyses. 71.9% of pomaces hemicellulose were recovered with starch. DMSO-LiCl and 4 M KOH soluble XyG exhibited Mw of 19 and 140 kDa, respectively. Besides the XXXG, XLXG, XXLG, XXFG, XLFG and XLLG structures, novel oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization of 6-10 were observed after xyloglucanase digestion. Cellobiose and cellotriose were revealed randomly distributed in XyG backbone and were more present in DMSO-LiCl soluble XyG. Residual pomace remains a potential source of other materials.
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