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Wu P, Li B, Liu Y, Bian Z, Xiong J, Wang Y, Zhu B. Multiple Physiological and Biochemical Functions of Ascorbic Acid in Plant Growth, Development, and Abiotic Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1832. [PMID: 38339111 PMCID: PMC10855474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an important nutrient for human health and disease cures, and it is also a crucial indicator for the quality of fruit and vegetables. As a reductant, AsA plays a pivotal role in maintaining the intracellular redox balance throughout all the stages of plant growth and development, fruit ripening, and abiotic stress responses. In recent years, the de novo synthesis and regulation at the transcriptional level and post-transcriptional level of AsA in plants have been studied relatively thoroughly. However, a comprehensive and systematic summary about AsA-involved biochemical pathways, as well as AsA's physiological functions in plants, is still lacking. In this review, we summarize and discuss the multiple physiological and biochemical functions of AsA in plants, including its involvement as a cofactor, substrate, antioxidant, and pro-oxidant. This review will help to facilitate a better understanding of the multiple functions of AsA in plant cells, as well as provide information on how to utilize AsA more efficiently by using modern molecular biology methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Wu
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.B.); (J.X.)
| | - Bowen Li
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.B.); (J.X.)
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.B.); (J.X.)
| | - Zheng Bian
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.B.); (J.X.)
| | - Jiaxin Xiong
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.B.); (J.X.)
| | - Yunxiang Wang
- Institute of Agri-Food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Benzhong Zhu
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.W.); (B.L.); (Y.L.); (Z.B.); (J.X.)
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Li X, Feng H, Liu S, Cui J, Liu J, Shi M, Zhao J, Wang L. Dehydrin CaDHN2 Enhances Drought Tolerance by Affecting Ascorbic Acid Synthesis under Drought in Peppers. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3895. [PMID: 38005792 PMCID: PMC10675185 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), as a horticultural crop with one of the highest ascorbic acid contents, are negatively affected by detrimental environmental conditions both in terms of quality and productivity. In peppers, the high level of ascorbic acid is not only a nutrient substance but also plays a role in environmental stress, i.e., drought stress. When suffering from drought stress, plants accumulate dehydrins, which play important roles in the stress response. Here, we isolated an SK3-type DHN gene CaDHN2 from peppers. CaDHN2 was located in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. In CaDHN2-silenced peppers, which are generated by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), the survival rate is much lower, the electrolytic leakage is higher, and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is greater when compared with the control under drought stress. Moreover, when CaDHN2 (CaDHN2-OE) is overexpressed in Arabidopsis, theoverexpressing plants show enhanced drought tolerance, increased antioxidant enzyme activities, and lower ROS content. Based on yeast two-hybrid (Y2H), GST-pull down, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) results, we found that CaDHN2 interacts with CaGGP1, the key enzyme in ascorbic acid (AsA) synthesis, in the cytoplasm. Accordingly, the level of ascorbic acid is highly reduced in CaDHN2-silenced peppers, indicating that CaDHN2 interacts with CaGGP1 to affect the synthesis of ascorbic acid under drought stress, thus improving the drought tolerance of peppers. Our research provides a basis for further study of the function of DHN genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Hao Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.F.); (M.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Sha Liu
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Junjun Cui
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiannan Liu
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Mingyu Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.F.); (M.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jielong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (H.F.); (M.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Lihu Wang
- School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China; (X.L.); (S.L.); (J.C.); (J.L.)
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Celi GEA, Gratão PL, Lanza MGDB, Reis ARD. Physiological and biochemical roles of ascorbic acid on mitigation of abiotic stresses in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107970. [PMID: 37625254 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Under conditions of abiotic stress several physiological and biochemical processes in plants can be modified. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is toxic at high concentrations and promotes RNA, DNA and plant cell membrane degradation. Plants have enzymatic and non-enzymatic adaptation mechanisms to act against ROS detoxification. Ascorbic acid (AsA) is the non-enzymatic compound essential for several biological functions, which acts in the elimination and balance of ROS production and with the potential to promote several physiological functions in plants, such as the photosynthetic process. For plant development, AsA plays an important role in cell division, osmotic adjustment, hormone biosynthesis, and as an enzymatic cofactor. In this review, the redox reactions, biosynthetic pathways, and the physiological and biochemical functions of AsA against abiotic stress in plants are discussed. The concentration of AsA in plants can vary between species and depend on the biosynthetic pathways d-mannose/l-galactose, d-galacturonate, euglenids, and d-glucuronate. Although the endogenous levels of AsA in plants are used in large amounts in cell metabolism, the exogenous application of AsA further increases these endogenous levels to promote the antioxidant system and ameliorate the effects produced by abiotic stress. Foliar application of AsA promotes antioxidant metabolism in plants subjected to climate change conditions, also allowing the production of foods with higher nutritional quality and food safety, given the fact that AsA is biologically essential in the human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Eugenia Ajila Celi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Postal Code 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Lupino Gratão
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Postal Code 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Gabriela Dantas Bereta Lanza
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Postal Code 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - André Rodrigues Dos Reis
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Rua Domingos da Costa Lopes 780, Postal Code 17602-496, Tupã, SP, Brazil.
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Liao G, Xu Q, Allan AC, Xu X. L-Ascorbic acid metabolism and regulation in fruit crops. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1684-1695. [PMID: 37073491 PMCID: PMC10315321 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
L-Ascorbic acid (AsA) is more commonly known as vitamin C and is an indispensable compound for human health. As a major antioxidant, AsA not only maintains redox balance and resists biological and abiotic stress but also regulates plant growth, induces flowering, and delays senescence through complex signal transduction networks. However, AsA content varies greatly in horticultural crops, especially in fruit crops. The AsA content of the highest species is approximately 1,800 times higher than that of the lowest species. There have been significant advancements in the understanding of AsA accumulation in the past 20 years. The most noteworthy accomplishment was the identification of the critical rate-limiting genes for the 2 major AsA synthesis pathways (L-galactose pathway and D-galacturonic acid pathway) in fruit crops. The rate-limiting genes of the former are GMP, GME, GGP, and GPP, and the rate-limiting gene of the latter is GalUR. Moreover, APX, MDHAR, and DHAR are also regarded as key genes in degradation and regeneration pathways. Interestingly, some of these key genes are sensitive to environmental factors, such as GGP being induced by light. The efficiency of enhancing AsA content is high by editing upstream open reading frames (uORF) of the key genes and constructing multi-gene expression vectors. In summary, the AsA metabolism has been well understood in fruit crops, but the transport mechanism of AsA and the synergistic improvement of AsA and other traits is less known, which will be the focus of AsA research in fruit crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglian Liao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
- Kiwifruit Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, PR China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Xiaobiao Xu
- Kiwifruit Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, PR China
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Geng S, Du H, Chen B, Sun L, Wang G, Sha M, Dong T, Zhang X, Wang Q. Identification of the GDP-L-Galactose Phosphorylase Gene as a Candidate for the Regulation of Ascorbic Acid Content in Fruits of Capsicum annuum L. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087529. [PMID: 37108695 PMCID: PMC10145300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an antioxidant with significant functions in both plants and animals. Despite its importance, there has been limited research on the molecular basis of AsA production in the fruits of Capsicum annuum L. In this study, we used Illumina transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) technology to explore the candidate genes involved in AsA biosynthesis in Capsicum annuum L. A total of 8272 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the comparative transcriptome analysis. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified two co-expressed modules related to the AsA content (purple and light-cyan modules), and eight interested DEGs related to AsA biosynthesis were selected according to gene annotations in the purple and light-cyan modules. Moreover, we found that the gene GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (GGP) was related to AsA content, and silencing GGP led to a reduction in the AsA content in fruit. These results demonstrated that GGP is an important gene controlling AsA biosynthesis in the fruit of Capsicum annuum L. In addition, we developed capsanthin/capsorubin synthase as the reporter gene for visual analysis of gene function in mature fruit, enabling us to accurately select silenced tissues and analyze the results of silencing. The findings of this study provide the theoretical basis for future research to elucidate AsA biosynthesis in Capsicum annuum L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Sansheng Geng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Heshan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guoyun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Meihong Sha
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Tingting Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasms Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables, State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Steelheart C, Alegre ML, Baldet P, Rothan C, Bres C, Just D, Okabe Y, Ezura H, Ganganelli IM, Gergoff Grozeff GE, Bartoli CG. High light stress induces H 2O 2 production and accelerates fruit ripening in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 322:111348. [PMID: 35750294 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased synthesis of H2O2 is observed during the initiation of fruit ripening. However, its association with plant cell processes triggering the maturation of fruit has not yet been demonstrated. The aim of this work is to investigate whether H2O2 participates in the tomato ripening process and particularly through its association with the ethylene signaling pathway. The experiments were carried out with two ethyl methanesulfonate mutant lines of Micro-Tom tomato deficient in GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase activity and displaying lower ascorbic acid content than the corresponding parental genotype (i.e. wild type). Plants were subjected to a high irradiance (HI) treatment to stimulate H2O2 synthesis. HI treatment enhanced H2O2 production and reduced the timing of fruit ripening in both mutants and wild-type fruits. These results could be linked to an increase of the expression of H2O2-related genes and changes in the expression of ethylene-related genes. The fruit H2O2 production increased or decreased after applying the treatments that induced ethylene synthesis or blocked its action, respectively. The results presented in this work give an evidence of the association of redox and hormonal components during fruit ripening in which H2O2 participates downstream in the events regulated by ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Steelheart
- INFIVE, Facultades de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales y Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CCT CONICET La Plata, Argentina
| | - Matías L Alegre
- INFIVE, Facultades de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales y Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CCT CONICET La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pierre Baldet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christophe Rothan
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Cecile Bres
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Daniel Just
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yoshihiro Okabe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan; Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Inti M Ganganelli
- INFIVE, Facultades de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales y Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CCT CONICET La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gustavo E Gergoff Grozeff
- INFIVE, Facultades de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales y Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CCT CONICET La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos G Bartoli
- INFIVE, Facultades de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales y Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CCT CONICET La Plata, Argentina.
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Zheng X, Gong M, Zhang Q, Tan H, Li L, Tang Y, Li Z, Peng M, Deng W. Metabolism and Regulation of Ascorbic Acid in Fruits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11121602. [PMID: 35736753 PMCID: PMC9228137 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C, is a vital antioxidant widely found in plants. Plant fruits are rich in ascorbic acid and are the primary source of human intake of ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid affects fruit ripening and stress resistance and plays an essential regulatory role in fruit development and postharvest storage. The ascorbic acid metabolic pathway in plants has been extensively studied. Ascorbic acid accumulation in fruits can be effectively regulated by genetic engineering technology. The accumulation of ascorbic acid in fruits is regulated by transcription factors, protein interactions, phytohormones, and environmental factors, but the research on the regulatory mechanism is still relatively weak. This paper systematically reviews the regulation mechanism of ascorbic acid metabolism in fruits in recent decades. It provides a rich theoretical basis for an in-depth study of the critical role of ascorbic acid in fruits and the cultivation of fruits rich in ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhe Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (X.Z.); (M.G.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Min Gong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (X.Z.); (M.G.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Qiongdan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (X.Z.); (M.G.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Huaqiang Tan
- Institute of Horticulture, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.T.); (L.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Liping Li
- Institute of Horticulture, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.T.); (L.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Youwan Tang
- Institute of Horticulture, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.T.); (L.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Zhengguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (X.Z.); (M.G.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Mingchao Peng
- Institute of Horticulture, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.T.); (L.L.); (Y.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (W.D.); Tel.: +86-19981296016 (M.P.); +86-18623127580 (W.D.)
| | - Wei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Hormones and Development Regulation of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (X.Z.); (M.G.); (Q.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (W.D.); Tel.: +86-19981296016 (M.P.); +86-18623127580 (W.D.)
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8
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Roohigohar S, Clarke AR, Prentis PJ. Gene selection for studying frugivore-plant interactions: a review and an example using Queensland fruit fly in tomato. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11762. [PMID: 34434644 PMCID: PMC8359797 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit production is negatively affected by a wide range of frugivorous insects, among them tephritid fruit flies are one of the most important. As a replacement for pesticide-based controls, enhancing natural fruit resistance through biotechnology approaches is a poorly researched but promising alternative. The use of quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) is an approach to studying gene expression which has been widely used in studying plant resistance to pathogens and non-frugivorous insect herbivores, and offers a starting point for fruit fly studies. In this paper, we develop a gene selection pipe-line for known induced-defense genes in tomato fruit, Solanum lycopersicum, and putative detoxification genes in Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, as a basis for future RT-qPCR research. The pipeline started with a literature review on plant/herbivore and plant/pathogen molecular interactions. With respect to the fly, this was then followed by the identification of gene families known to be associated with insect resistance to toxins, and then individual genes through reference to annotated B. tryoni transcriptomes and gene identity matching with related species. In contrast for tomato, a much better studied species, individual defense genes could be identified directly through literature research. For B. tryoni, gene selection was then further refined through gene expression studies. Ultimately 28 putative detoxification genes from cytochrome P450 (P450), carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferases (GST), and ATP binding cassette transporters (ABC) gene families were identified for B. tryoni, and 15 induced defense genes from receptor-like kinase (RLK), D-mannose/L-galactose, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), lipoxygenase (LOX), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathways and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), proteinase inhibitors (PI) and resistance (R) gene families were identified from tomato fruit. The developed gene selection process for B. tryoni can be applied to other herbivorous and frugivorous insect pests so long as the minimum necessary genomic information, an annotated transcriptome, is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Roohigohar
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anthony R Clarke
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter J Prentis
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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9
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Florez-Sarasa I, Welchen E, Racca S, Gonzalez DH, Vallarino JG, Fernie AR, Ribas-Carbo M, Del-Saz NF. Cytochrome c Deficiency Differentially Affects the In Vivo Mitochondrial Electron Partitioning and Primary Metabolism Depending on the Photoperiod. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10030444. [PMID: 33652808 PMCID: PMC7996904 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant respiration provides metabolic flexibility under changing environmental conditions by modulating the activity of the nonphosphorylating alternative pathways from the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which bypass the main energy-producing components of the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COP). While adjustments in leaf primary metabolism induced by changes in day length are well studied, possible differences in the in vivo contribution of the COP and the alternative oxidase pathway (AOP) between different photoperiods remain unknown. In our study, in vivo electron partitioning between AOP and COP and expression analysis of respiratory components, photosynthesis, and the levels of primary metabolites were studied in leaves of wild-type (WT) plants and cytochrome c (CYTc) mutants, with reduced levels of COP components, under short- and long-day photoperiods. Our results clearly show that differences in AOP and COP in vivo activities between WT and cytc mutants depend on the photoperiod likely due to energy and stress signaling constraints. Parallel responses observed between in vivo respiratory activities, TCA cycle intermediates, amino acids, and stress signaling metabolites indicate the coordination of different pathways of primary metabolism to support growth adaptation under different photoperiods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.F.-S.); (N.F.D.-S.); Tel.: +34-935-636-600 (I.F.-S.); Fax: +56-41-2221569 (N.F.D.-S.)
| | - Elina Welchen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; (E.W.); (S.R.); (D.H.G.)
| | - Sofia Racca
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; (E.W.); (S.R.); (D.H.G.)
| | - Daniel H. Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina; (E.W.); (S.R.); (D.H.G.)
| | - José G. Vallarino
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (J.G.V.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; (J.G.V.); (A.R.F.)
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Research Group on Plant Biology, Balearic Islands University, Ctra Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Nestor Fernandez Del-Saz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, 4030000 Concepción, Chile
- Correspondence: (I.F.-S.); (N.F.D.-S.); Tel.: +34-935-636-600 (I.F.-S.); Fax: +56-41-2221569 (N.F.D.-S.)
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10
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Xiao M, Li Z, Zhu L, Wang J, Zhang B, Zheng F, Zhao B, Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhang Z. The Multiple Roles of Ascorbate in the Abiotic Stress Response of Plants: Antioxidant, Cofactor, and Regulator. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:598173. [PMID: 33912200 PMCID: PMC8072462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.598173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate (ASC) plays a critical role in plant stress response. The antioxidant role of ASC has been well-studied, but there are still several confusing questions about the function of ASC in plant abiotic stress response. ASC can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and should be helpful for plant stress tolerance. But in some cases, increasing ASC content impairs plant abiotic stress tolerance, whereas, inhibiting ASC synthesis or regeneration enhances plant stress tolerance. This confusing phenomenon indicates that ASC may have multiple roles in plant abiotic stress response not just as an antioxidant, though many studies more or less ignored other roles of ASC in plant. In fact, ACS also can act as the cofactor of some enzymes, which are involved in the synthesis, metabolism, and modification of a variety of substances, which has important effects on plant stress response. In addition, ASC can monitor and effectively regulate cell redox status. Therefore, we believe that ASC has atleast triple roles in plant abiotic stress response: as the antioxidant to scavenge accumulated ROS, as the cofactor to involve in plant metabolism, or as the regulator to coordinate the actions of various signal pathways under abiotic stress. The role of ASC in plant abiotic stress response is important and complex. The detail role of ASC in plant abiotic stress response should be analyzed according to specific physiological process in specific organ. In this review, we discuss the versatile roles of ASC in the response of plants to abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Xiao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fuyu Zheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Beiping Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Haiwen Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Yujie Wang,
| | - Zhijin Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijin Zhang,
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11
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Steelheart C, Alegre ML, Baldet P, Rothan C, Bres C, Just D, Okabe Y, Ezura H, Ganganelli I, Gergoff Grozeff GE, Bartoli CG. The effect of low ascorbic acid content on tomato fruit ripening. PLANTA 2020; 252:36. [PMID: 32767124 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The oxidant/antioxidant balance affects the ripening time of tomato fruit. Ripening of tomato fruit is associated with several modifications such as loss of cell wall firmness and transformation of chloroplasts to chromoplasts. Besides a peak in H2O2, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are observed at the transition stage. However, the role of different components of oxidative stress metabolism in fruit ripening has been scarcely addressed. Two GDP-L-galactose phosphorylase (GGP) Solanum lycopersicum L. cv Micro-Tom mutants which have fruit with low ascorbic acid content (30% of wild type) were used in this work to unravel the participation of ascorbic acid and H2O2 in fruit maturation. Both GGP mutants show delayed fruit maturation with no peak of H2O2; treatment with ascorbic acid increases its own concentration and accelerates ripening only in mutants to become like wild type plants. Unexpectedly, the treatment with ascorbic acid increases H2O2 synthesis in both mutants resembling what is observed in wild type fruit. Exogenous supplementation with H2O2 decreases its own synthesis delaying fruit maturation in plants with low ascorbic acid content. The site of ROS production is localized in the chloroplasts of fruit of all genotypes as determined by confocal microscopy analysis. The results presented here demonstrate that both ascorbic acid and H2O2 actively participate in tomato fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Steelheart
- INFIVE, Facultades de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales y Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Matías Leonel Alegre
- INFIVE, Facultades de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales y Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pierre Baldet
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Christophe Rothan
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Cecile Bres
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Daniel Just
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), Université de Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 33140, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Yoshihiro Okabe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Inti Ganganelli
- INFIVE, Facultades de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales y Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Esteban Gergoff Grozeff
- INFIVE, Facultades de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales y Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos Guillermo Bartoli
- INFIVE, Facultades de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales y Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CCT CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
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