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Schwizer Ashkenazi S, Roell M, McCaskey U, Cachia A, Borst G, O'Gorman Tuura R, Kucian K. Are numerical abilities determined at early age? A brain morphology study in children and adolescents with and without developmental dyscalculia. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 67:101369. [PMID: 38642426 PMCID: PMC11046253 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) has been associated with numerical processing. A recent study reported that the IPS sulcal pattern was associated with arithmetic and symbolic number abilities in children and adults. In the present study, we evaluated the link between numerical abilities and the IPS sulcal pattern in children with Developmental Dyscalculia (DD) and typically developing children (TD), extending previous analyses considering other sulcal features and the postcentral sulcus (PoCS). First, we confirm the longitudinal sulcal pattern stability of the IPS and the PoCS. Second, we found a lower proportion of left sectioned IPS and a higher proportion of a double-horizontal IPS shape bilaterally in DD compared to TD. Third, our analyses revealed that arithmetic is the only aspect of numerical processing that is significantly related to the IPS sulcal pattern (sectioned vs not sectioned), and that this relationship is specific to the left hemisphere. And last, correlation analyses of age and arithmetic in children without a sectioned left IPS indicate that although they may have an inherent disadvantage in numerical abilities, these may improve with age. Thus, our results indicate that only the left IPS sulcal pattern is related to numerical abilities and that other factors co-determine numerical abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schwizer Ashkenazi
- Neuropsychology, Dept. of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Margot Roell
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Ursina McCaskey
- Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Cachia
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris F-75005, France; Université de Paris, Imaging biomarkers for brain development and disorders, UMR INSERM 1266, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Gregoire Borst
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth O'Gorman Tuura
- Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Kucian
- Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Santacroce F, Cachia A, Fragueiro A, Grande E, Roell M, Baldassarre A, Sestieri C, Committeri G. Human intraparietal sulcal morphology relates to individual differences in language and memory performance. Commun Biol 2024; 7:520. [PMID: 38698168 PMCID: PMC11065983 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The sulco-gyral pattern is a qualitative feature of the cortical anatomy that is determined in utero, stable throughout lifespan and linked to brain function. The intraparietal sulcus (IPS) is a nodal associative brain area, but the relation between its morphology and cognition is largely unknown. By labelling the left and right IPS of 390 healthy participants into two patterns, according to the presence or absence of a sulcus interruption, here we demonstrate a strong association between the morphology of the right IPS and performance on memory and language tasks. We interpret the results as a morphological advantage of a sulcus interruption, probably due to the underlying white matter organization. The right-hemisphere specificity of this effect emphasizes the neurodevelopmental and plastic role of sulcus morphology in cognition prior to lateralisation processes. The results highlight a promising area of investigation on the relationship between cognitive performance, sulco-gyral pattern and white matter bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Santacroce
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and ITAB, Gabriele d'Annunzio University, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Arnaud Cachia
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Psychologie du développement et de l'Education de l'Enfant (LaPsyDÉ), CNRS UMR 8240, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM, UMR S1266, Paris, France
| | - Agustina Fragueiro
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and ITAB, Gabriele d'Annunzio University, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Eleonora Grande
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and ITAB, Gabriele d'Annunzio University, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Margot Roell
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Psychologie du développement et de l'Education de l'Enfant (LaPsyDÉ), CNRS UMR 8240, Paris, France
| | - Antonello Baldassarre
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and ITAB, Gabriele d'Annunzio University, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Sestieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and ITAB, Gabriele d'Annunzio University, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgia Committeri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, and ITAB, Gabriele d'Annunzio University, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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3
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Zhang S, Zhang T, Cao G, Zhou J, He Z, Li X, Ren Y, Liu T, Jiang X, Guo L, Han J, Liu T. Species -shared and -unique gyral peaks on human and macaque brains. eLife 2024; 12:RP90182. [PMID: 38635322 PMCID: PMC11026093 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cortical folding is an important feature of primate brains that plays a crucial role in various cognitive and behavioral processes. Extensive research has revealed both similarities and differences in folding morphology and brain function among primates including macaque and human. The folding morphology is the basis of brain function, making cross-species studies on folding morphology important for understanding brain function and species evolution. However, prior studies on cross-species folding morphology mainly focused on partial regions of the cortex instead of the entire brain. Previously, our research defined a whole-brain landmark based on folding morphology: the gyral peak. It was found to exist stably across individuals and ages in both human and macaque brains. Shared and unique gyral peaks in human and macaque are identified in this study, and their similarities and differences in spatial distribution, anatomical morphology, and functional connectivity were also dicussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyao Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Tuo Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Guannan Cao
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Jingchao Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Zhibin He
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Information Technology, Northwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yudan Ren
- School of Information Technology, Northwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Science, North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshanChina
| | - Xi Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Junwei Han
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Tianming Liu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, University of GeorgiaAthensUnited States
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4
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Del Mauro G, Wang Z. Cross-subject brain entropy mapping. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.05.588307. [PMID: 38645267 PMCID: PMC11030347 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.588307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
We present a method to map the regional similarity between resting state fMRI activities of different individuals. The similarity was measured using cross-entropy. Group level patterns were displayed based on the Human Connectome Project Youth data. While we only showed the cross-subject brain entropy (BEN) mapping results in this manuscript, the same concept can be directly extended to map the cross-sessional BEN and the cross-regional cross-subject or subject-session BEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Del Mauro
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Schoold of Medicine
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland Schoold of Medicine
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5
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Willbrand EH, Jackson S, Chen S, Hathaway CB, Voorhies WI, Bunge SA, Weiner KS. Sulcal variability in anterior lateral prefrontal cortex contributes to variability in reasoning performance among young adults. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:387-402. [PMID: 38184493 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Identifying structure-function correspondences is a major goal among biologists, cognitive neuroscientists, and brain mappers. Recent studies have identified relationships between performance on cognitive tasks and the presence or absence of small, shallow indentations, or sulci, of the human brain. Building on the previous finding that the presence of the ventral para-intermediate frontal sulcus (pimfs-v) in the left anterior lateral prefrontal cortex (aLPFC) was related to reasoning task performance in children and adolescents, we tested whether this relationship extended to a different sample, age group, and reasoning task. As predicted, the presence of this aLPFC sulcus was also associated with higher reasoning scores in young adults (ages 22-36). These findings have not only direct developmental, but also evolutionary relevance-as recent work shows that the pimfs-v is exceedingly rare in chimpanzees. Thus, the pimfs-v is a key developmental, cognitive, and evolutionarily relevant feature that should be considered in future studies examining how the complex relationships among multiscale anatomical and functional features of the brain give rise to abstract thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan H Willbrand
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of WI-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samantha Jackson
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Szeshuen Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Willa I Voorhies
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Silvia A Bunge
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Kevin S Weiner
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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6
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Wang L, Yang Y, Hu X, Zhao S, Jiang X, Guo L, Han J, Liu T. Frequency-specific functional difference between gyri and sulci in naturalistic paradigm fMRI. Brain Struct Funct 2024; 229:431-442. [PMID: 38193918 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Disentangling functional difference between cortical folding patterns of gyri and sulci provides novel insights into the relationship between brain structure and function. Previous studies using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) have revealed that sulcal signals exhibit stronger high-frequency but weaker low-frequency components compared to gyral ones, suggesting that gyri may serve as functional integration centers while sulci are segregated local processing units. In this study, we utilize naturalistic paradigm fMRI (nfMRI) to explore the functional difference between gyri and sulci as it has proven to record stronger functional integrations compared to rsfMRI. We adopt a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify gyral and sulcal fMRI signals in the whole brain (the global model) and within functional brain networks (the local models). The frequency-specific difference between gyri and sulci is then inferred from the power spectral density (PSD) profiles of the learned filters in the CNN model. Our experimental results show that nfMRI shows higher gyral-sulcal PSD contrast effect sizes in the global model compared to rsfMRI. In the local models, the effect sizes are either increased or decreased depending on frequency bands and functional complexity of the FBNs. This study highlights the advantages of nfMRI in depicting the functional difference between gyri and sulci, and provides novel insights into unraveling the relationship between brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Wang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xintao Hu
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shijie Zhao
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junwei Han
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianming Liu
- School of Computing, University of Georgia, Athens, USA
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Zhao X, Wang Y, Wu X, Liu S. An MRI Study of Morphology, Asymmetry, and Sex Differences of Inferior Precentral Sulcus. Brain Topogr 2024:10.1007/s10548-024-01035-5. [PMID: 38374489 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-024-01035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have observed sex and interhemispheric disparities in sulcal morphology, which could potentially underpin certain functional disparities in the human brain. Most of the existing research examines the precentral sulcus comprehensively, with a rare focus on its subsections. To explore the morphology, asymmetry, and sex disparities within the inferior precentral sulcus (IPCS), we acquired 3.0T magnetic resonance images from 92 right-handed Chinese adolescents. Brainvisa was used to reconstruct the IPCS structure and calculate its mean depth (MD). Based on the morphological patterns of IPCS, it was categorized into five distinct types. Additionally, we analyzed four different types of spatial relationships between IPCS and inferior frontal sulcus (IFS). There was a statistically significant sex disparity in the MD of IPCS, primarily observed in the right hemisphere. Females exhibited significantly greater asymmetry in the MD of IPCS compared to males. No statistically significant sex or hemispheric variations were identified in sulcal patterns. Our findings expand the comprehension of inconsistencies in sulcal structure, while also delivering an anatomical foundation for the study of related regions' function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
- Institute for Sectional Anatomy and Digital Human, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute for Sectional Anatomy and Digital Human, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaokang Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
- Institute for Sectional Anatomy and Digital Human, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shuwei Liu
- Institute for Sectional Anatomy and Digital Human, Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder, Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Human and Clinical Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Zhang S, Zhang T, Cao G, Zhou J, He Z, Li X, Ren Y, Liu T, Jiang X, Guo L, Han J, Liu T. Species -Shared and -Unique Gyral Peaks on Human and Macaque Brains. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.07.26.550760. [PMID: 37546923 PMCID: PMC10402126 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.26.550760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Cortical folding is an important feature of primate brains that plays a crucial role in various cognitive and behavioral processes. Extensive research has revealed both similarities and differences in folding morphology and brain function among primates including macaque and human. The folding morphology is the basis of brain function, making cross-species studies on folding morphology important for understanding brain function and species evolution. However, prior studies on cross-species folding morphology mainly focused on partial regions of the cortex instead of the entire brain. Previously, we defined a whole-brain landmark based on folding morphology: the gyral peak. It was found to exist stably across individuals and ages in both human and macaque brains. In this study, we identified shared and unique gyral peaks in human and macaque, and investigated the similarities and differences in the spatial distribution, anatomical morphology, and functional connectivity of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyao Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guannan Cao
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingchao Zhou
- College of Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhibin He
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Information Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yudan Ren
- School of Information Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Junwei Han
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianming Liu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Wang X, Leprince Y, Lebenberg J, Langlet C, Mohlberg H, Rivière D, Auzias G, Dickscheid T, Amunts K, Mangin JF. A framework to improve the alignment of individual cytoarchitectonic maps of the Julich-Brain atlas using cortical folding landmarks. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad538. [PMID: 38236742 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The segregation of the cortical mantle into cytoarchitectonic areas provides a structural basis for the specialization of different brain regions. In vivo neuroimaging experiments can be linked to this postmortem cytoarchitectonic parcellation via Julich-Brain. This atlas embeds probabilistic maps that account for inter-individual variability in the localization of cytoarchitectonic areas in the reference spaces targeted by spatial normalization. We built a framework to improve the alignment of architectural areas across brains using cortical folding landmarks. This framework, initially designed for in vivo imaging, was adapted to postmortem histological data. We applied this to the first 14 brains used to establish the Julich-Brain atlas to infer a refined atlas with more focal probabilistic maps. The improvement achieved is significant in the primary regions and some of the associative areas. This framework also provides a tool for exploring the relationship between cortical folding patterns and cytoarchitectonic areas in different cortical regions to establish new landmarks in the remainder of the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Saclay, France
| | - Yann Leprince
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Saclay, France
- UNIACT, NeuroSpin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jessica Lebenberg
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Saclay, France
- Lariboisière University Hospital, APHP, Translational Neurovascular Centre and Department of Neurology, FHU NeuroVasc, Paris, France
| | - Clement Langlet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Saclay, France
| | - Hartmut Mohlberg
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Denis Rivière
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Neurospin, Baobab, Saclay, France
| | - Guillaume Auzias
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Timo Dickscheid
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Amunts
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Cecile und Oskar Vogt Institut für Hirnforschung, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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10
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Zhang S, Zhang T, He Z, Li X, Zhang L, Zhu D, Jiang X, Liu T, Han J, Guo L. Gyral peaks and patterns in human brains. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:6708-6722. [PMID: 36646465 PMCID: PMC10422926 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical folding patterns are related to brain function, cognition, and behavior. Since the relationship has not been fully explained on a coarse scale, many efforts have been devoted to the identification of finer grained cortical landmarks, such as sulcal pits and gyral peaks, which were found to remain invariant across subjects and ages and the invariance may be related to gene mediated proto-map. However, gyral peaks were only investigated on macaque monkey brains, but not on human brains where the investigation is challenged due to high inter-individual variabilities. To this end, in this work, we successfully identified 96 gyral peaks both on the left and right hemispheres of human brains, respectively. These peaks are spatially consistent across individuals. Higher or sharper peaks are more consistent across subjects. Both structural and functional graph metrics of peaks are significantly different from other cortical regions, and more importantly, these nodal graph metrics are anti-correlated with the spatial consistency metrics within peaks. In addition, the distribution of peaks and various cortical anatomical, structural/functional connective features show hemispheric symmetry. These findings provide new clues to understanding the cortical landmarks, as well as their relationship with brain functions, cognition, behavior in both healthy and aberrant brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyao Zhang
- School of Automation, School of Information Technology, and School of Life Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- School of Automation, School of Information Technology, and School of Life Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Zhibin He
- School of Automation, School of Information Technology, and School of Life Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Automation, School of Information Technology, and School of Life Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Dajiang Zhu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Xi Jiang
- School of Automation, School of Information Technology, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianming Liu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, United States
| | - Junwei Han
- School of Automation, School of Information Technology, and School of Life Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Automation, School of Information Technology, and School of Life Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710000, China
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11
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de Vareilles H, Rivière D, Mangin JF, Dubois J. Development of cortical folds in the human brain: An attempt to review biological hypotheses, early neuroimaging investigations and functional correlates. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 61:101249. [PMID: 37141790 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The folding of the human brain mostly takes place in utero, making it challenging to study. After a few pioneer studies looking into it in post-mortem foetal specimen, modern approaches based on neuroimaging have allowed the community to investigate the folding process in vivo, its normal progression, its early disturbances, and its relationship to later functional outcomes. In this review article, we aimed to first give an overview of the current hypotheses on the mechanisms governing cortical folding. After describing the methodological difficulties raised by its study in fetuses, neonates and infants with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we reported our current understanding of sulcal pattern emergence in the developing brain. We then highlighted the functional relevance of early sulcal development, through recent insights about hemispheric asymmetries and early factors influencing this dynamic such as prematurity. Finally, we outlined how longitudinal studies have started to relate early folding markers and the child's sensorimotor and cognitive outcome. Through this review, we hope to raise awareness on the potential of studying early sulcal patterns both from a fundamental and clinical perspective, as a window into early neurodevelopment and plasticity in relation to growth in utero and postnatal environment of the child.
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Affiliation(s)
- H de Vareilles
- Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin-BAOBAB, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - D Rivière
- Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin-BAOBAB, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J F Mangin
- Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin-BAOBAB, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Dubois
- Université Paris Cité, NeuroDiderot, Inserm, Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin-UNIACT, CEA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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12
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Yao JK, Voorhies WI, Miller JA, Bunge SA, Weiner KS. Sulcal depth in prefrontal cortex: a novel predictor of working memory performance. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1799-1813. [PMID: 35589102 PMCID: PMC9977365 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroanatomical changes that underpin cognitive development are of major interest in neuroscience. Of the many aspects of neuroanatomy to consider, tertiary sulci are particularly attractive as they emerge last in gestation, show a protracted development after birth, and are either human- or hominoid-specific. Thus, they are ideal targets for exploring morphological-cognitive relationships with cognitive skills that also show protracted development such as working memory (WM). Yet, the relationship between sulcal morphology and WM is unknown-either in development or more generally. To fill this gap, we adopted a data-driven approach with cross-validation to examine the relationship between sulcal depth in lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) and verbal WM in 60 children and adolescents between ages 6 and 18. These analyses identified 9 left, and no right, LPFC sulci (of which 7 were tertiary) whose depth predicted verbal WM performance above and beyond the effect of age. Most of these sulci are located within and around contours of previously proposed functional parcellations of LPFC. This sulcal depth model outperformed models with age or cortical thickness. Together, these findings build empirical support for a classic theory that tertiary sulci serve as landmarks in association cortices that contribute to late-maturing human cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jewelia K Yao
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540, United States
| | - Willa I Voorhies
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Jacob A Miller
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 175 Li Ka Shing Center, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Silvia A Bunge
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 175 Li Ka Shing Center, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Kevin S Weiner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 175 Li Ka Shing Center, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
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13
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de Morais VAC, de Oliveira-Pinto AV, Mello Neto AF, Freitas JS, da Silva MM, Suemoto CK, Leite RP, Grinberg LT, Jacob-Filho W, Pasqualucci C, Nitrini R, Caramelli P, Lent R. Resilience of Neural Cellularity to the Influence of Low Educational Level. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010104. [PMID: 36672086 PMCID: PMC9857353 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Education is believed to contribute positively to brain structure and function, as well as to cognitive reserve. One of the brain regions most impacted by education is the medial temporal lobe (MTL), a region that houses the hippocampus, which has an important role in learning processes and in consolidation of memories, and is also known to undergo neurogenesis in adulthood. We aimed to investigate the influence of education on the absolute cell numbers of the MTL (comprised by the hippocampal formation, amygdala, and parahippocampal gyrus) of men without cognitive impairment. METHODS The Isotropic Fractionator technique was used to allow the anisotropic brain tissue to be transformed into an isotropic suspension of nuclei, and therefore assess the absolute cell composition of the MTL. We dissected twenty-six brains from men aged 47 to 64 years, with either low or high education. RESULTS A significant difference between groups was observed in brain mass, but not in MTL mass. No significant difference was found between groups in the number of total cells, number of neurons, and number of non-neuronal cells. Regression analysis showed that the total number of cells, number of neurons, and number of non-neuronal cells in MTL were not affected by education. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a resilience of the absolute cellular composition of the MTL of typical men to low schooling, suggesting that the cellularity of brain regions is not affected by formal education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane A. Carvalho de Morais
- Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana V. de Oliveira-Pinto
- Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arthur F. Mello Neto
- Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S. Freitas
- Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
| | - Magnólia M. da Silva
- Biobank for Aging Studies, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Kimie Suemoto
- Biobank for Aging Studies, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata P. Leite
- Biobank for Aging Studies, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Lea T. Grinberg
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Wilson Jacob-Filho
- Biobank for Aging Studies, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medical Research in Aging (LIM-66), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Pasqualucci
- Biobank for Aging Studies, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Biobank for Aging Studies, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Caramelli
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Research Group, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, MG, Brazil
| | - Roberto Lent
- Neuroplasticity Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- D’Or Institute of Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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14
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Del Mauro G, Del Maschio N, Abutalebi J. The relationship between reading abilities and the left occipitotemporal sulcus: A dual perspective study. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2022; 235:105189. [PMID: 36260960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2022.105189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Reading activates a region within the left lateral occipitotemporal sulcus (OTS) known as the 'visual word form area' (VWFA). While several studies have investigated the impact of reading on brain structure through neuroplastic mechanisms, it has been recently suggested that individual differences in the pattern of the posterior OTS may predict reading skills in adults. In the present study, we first examined whether the structure and morphology and the anatomical connectivity of the left OTS are associated to reading ability. Second, we explored whether reading skills are predicted by the pattern of the left OTS. We found that reading skills were positively associated with increased connectivity between the left OTS and a network of reading-related regions in the left hemisphere. On the other hand, we did not observe an association between the pattern of the left OTS and reading skills. Finally, we found evidence that the morphology and the connectivity of the left OTS are correlated to its sulcal pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Del Mauro
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Del Maschio
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Facultyof Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Jubin Abutalebi
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Facultyof Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; TheArctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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15
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Willbrand EH, Voorhies WI, Yao JK, Weiner KS, Bunge SA. Presence or absence of a prefrontal sulcus is linked to reasoning performance during child development. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:2543-2551. [PMID: 35932310 PMCID: PMC9418286 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between structural variability in late-developing association cortices like the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) and the development of higher-order cognitive skills is not well understood. Recent findings show that the morphology of LPFC sulci predicts reasoning performance; this work led to the observation of substantial individual variability in the morphology of one of these sulci, the para-intermediate frontal sulcus (pimfs). Here, we sought to characterize this variability and assess its behavioral significance. To this end, we identified the pimfs in a developmental cohort of 72 participants, ages 6-18. Subsequent analyses revealed that the presence or absence of the ventral component of the pimfs was associated with reasoning, even when controlling for age. This finding shows that the cortex lining the banks of sulci can support the development of complex cognitive abilities and highlights the importance of considering individual differences in local morphology when exploring the neurodevelopmental basis of cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan H Willbrand
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Willa I Voorhies
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jewelia K Yao
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - Kevin S Weiner
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Silvia A Bunge
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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16
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Besson P, Rogalski E, Gill NP, Zhang H, Martersteck A, Bandt SK. Geometric deep learning reveals a structuro-temporal understanding of healthy and pathologic brain aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:895535. [PMID: 36081894 PMCID: PMC9445244 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.895535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brain age has historically been investigated primarily at the whole brain level. The ability to deconstruct the brain into its composite parts and explore brain age at the sub-structure level offers unique advantages. These include the exploration of dynamic and interconnected relationships between different brain structures in healthy and pathologic aging. To achieve this, individual brain structures can be rendered as surface representations on which morphologic analysis is carried out. Combining the advantages of deep learning with the strengths of surface analysis, we investigate the aging process at the individual structure level with the hypothesis being that pathologic aging does not uniformly affect the aging process of individual structures. Methods MRI data, age at scan time and diagnosis of dementia were collected from seven publicly available data repositories. The data from 17,440 unique subjects were collected, representing a total of 26,276 T1-weighted MRI accounting for longitudinal acquisitions. Surfaces were extracted for the cortex and seven subcortical structures. Deep learning networks were trained to estimate a subject's age either using several structures together or a single structure. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to assess the difference between the predicted and actual ages for all structures between healthy subjects, individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD). We then performed a longitudinal analysis to assess the difference in the aging pace for each structure between stable healthy controls and healthy controls converting to either MCI or ADD. Findings Using an independent cohort of healthy subjects, age was well estimated for all structures. Cross-sectional analysis identified significantly larger predicted age for all structures in patients with either MCI and ADD compared to healthy subjects. Longitudinal analysis revealed varying degrees of involvement of individual subcortical structures for both age difference across groups and aging pace across time. These findings were most notable in the whole brain, cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. Conclusion Although similar patterns of abnormal aging were found related to MCI and ADD, the involvement of individual subcortical structures varied greatly and was consistently more pronounced in ADD patients compared to MCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Besson
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States,Advanced Neuroimaging and Surgical Epilepsy (ANISE) Lab, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Emily Rogalski
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nathan P. Gill
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Adam Martersteck
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States,Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - S. Kathleen Bandt
- Advanced Neuroimaging and Surgical Epilepsy (ANISE) Lab, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States,Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States,*Correspondence: S. Kathleen Bandt,
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17
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Investigating the association between variability in sulcal pattern and academic achievement. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12323. [PMID: 35854034 PMCID: PMC9296655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating how the brain may constrain academic achievement is not only relevant to understanding brain structure but also to providing insight into the origins of individual differences in these academic abilities. In this pre-registered study, we investigated whether the variability of sulcal patterns, a qualitative feature of the brain determined in-utero and not affected by brain maturation and learning, accounted for individual differences in reading and mathematics. Participants were 97 typically developing 10-year-olds. We examined (a) the association between the sulcal pattern of the IntraParietal Sulcus (IPS) and mathematical ability; (b) the association between the sulcal pattern of the Occipito Temporal Sulcus (OTS) and reading ability; and (c) the overlap and specificity of sulcal morphology of IPS and OTS and their associations with mathematics and reading. Despite its large sample, the present study was unable to replicate a previously observed relationship between the IPS sulcal pattern and mathematical ability and a previously observed association between the left posterior OTS sulcal pattern and reading. We found a weak association between right IPS sulcal morphology and symbolic number abilities and a weak association between left posterior OTS and reading. However, both these associations were the opposite of previous reports. We found no evidence for a possible overlap or specificity in the effect of sulcal morphology on mathematics and reading. Possible explanations for this weak association between sulcal morphology and academic achievement and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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18
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Zhang S, Chavoshnejad P, Li X, Guo L, Jiang X, Han J, Wang L, Li G, Wang X, Liu T, Razavi MJ, Zhang S, Zhang T. Gyral peaks: Novel gyral landmarks in developing macaque brains. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:4540-4555. [PMID: 35713202 PMCID: PMC9491295 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cortex development undergoes a variety of processes, which provide valuable information for the study of the developmental mechanism of cortical folding as well as its relationship to brain structural architectures and brain functions. Despite the variability in the anatomy–function relationship on the higher‐order cortex, recent studies have succeeded in identifying typical cortical landmarks, such as sulcal pits, that bestow specific functional and cognitive patterns and remain invariant across subjects and ages with their invariance being related to a gene‐mediated proto‐map. Inspired by the success of these studies, we aim in this study at defining and identifying novel cortical landmarks, termed gyral peaks, which are the local highest foci on gyri. By analyzing data from 156 MRI scans of 32 macaque monkeys with the age spanned from 0 to 36 months, we identified 39 and 37 gyral peaks on the left and right hemispheres, respectively. Our investigation suggests that these gyral peaks are spatially consistent across individuals and relatively stable within the age range of this dataset. Moreover, compared with other gyri, gyral peaks have a thicker cortex, higher mean curvature, more pronounced hub‐like features in structural connective networks, and are closer to the borders of structural connectivity‐based cortical parcellations. The spatial distribution of gyral peaks was shown to correlate with that of other cortical landmarks, including sulcal pits. These results provide insights into the spatial arrangement and temporal development of gyral peaks as well as their relation to brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyao Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Poorya Chavoshnejad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Information Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Junwei Han
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xianqiao Wang
- College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Tianming Liu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Mir Jalil Razavi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, New York, USA
| | - Shu Zhang
- Center for Brain and Brain-Inspired Computing Research, Department of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
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19
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Fehlbaum LV, Peters L, Dimanova P, Roell M, Borbás R, Ansari D, Raschle NM. Mother-child similarity in brain morphology: A comparison of structural characteristics of the brain's reading network. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 53:101058. [PMID: 34999505 PMCID: PMC8749220 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial evidence acknowledges the complex gene-environment interplay impacting brain development and learning. Intergenerational neuroimaging allows the assessment of familial transfer effects on brain structure, function and behavior by investigating neural similarity in caregiver-child dyads. METHODS Neural similarity in the human reading network was assessed through well-used measures of brain structure (i.e., surface area (SA), gyrification (lG), sulcal morphology, gray matter volume (GMV) and cortical thickness (CT)) in 69 mother-child dyads (children's age~11 y). Regions of interest for the reading network included left-hemispheric inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobe and fusiform gyrus. Mother-child similarity was quantified by correlation coefficients and familial specificity was tested by comparison to random adult-child dyads. Sulcal morphology analyses focused on occipitotemporal sulcus interruptions and similarity was assessed by chi-square goodness of fit. RESULTS Significant structural brain similarity was observed for mother-child dyads in the reading network for lG, SA and GMV (r = 0.349/0.534/0.542, respectively), but not CT. Sulcal morphology associations were non-significant. Structural brain similarity in lG, SA and GMV were specific to mother-child pairs. Furthermore, structural brain similarity for SA and GMV was higher compared to CT. CONCLUSION Intergenerational neuroimaging techniques promise to enhance our knowledge of familial transfer effects on brain development and disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn V Fehlbaum
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lien Peters
- Numerical Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Plamina Dimanova
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Margot Roell
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Réka Borbás
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ansari
- Numerical Cognition Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Nora M Raschle
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development at the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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20
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Cachia A, Borst G, Jardri R, Raznahan A, Murray GK, Mangin JF, Plaze M. Towards Deciphering the Fetal Foundation of Normal Cognition and Cognitive Symptoms From Sulcation of the Cortex. Front Neuroanat 2021; 15:712862. [PMID: 34650408 PMCID: PMC8505772 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.712862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports that prenatal processes play an important role for cognitive ability in normal and clinical conditions. In this context, several neuroimaging studies searched for features in postnatal life that could serve as a proxy for earlier developmental events. A very interesting candidate is the sulcal, or sulco-gyral, patterns, macroscopic features of the cortex anatomy related to the fold topology-e.g., continuous vs. interrupted/broken fold, present vs. absent fold-or their spatial organization. Indeed, as opposed to quantitative features of the cortical sheet (e.g., thickness, surface area or curvature) taking decades to reach the levels measured in adult, the qualitative sulcal patterns are mainly determined before birth and stable across the lifespan. The sulcal patterns therefore offer a window on the fetal constraints on specific brain areas on cognitive abilities and clinical symptoms that manifest later in life. After a global review of the cerebral cortex sulcation, its mechanisms, its ontogenesis along with methodological issues on how to measure the sulcal patterns, we present a selection of studies illustrating that analysis of the sulcal patterns can provide information on prenatal dispositions to cognition (with a focus on cognitive control and academic abilities) and cognitive symptoms (with a focus on schizophrenia and bipolar disorders). Finally, perspectives of sulcal studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Cachia
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, IPNP, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Borst
- Université de Paris, LaPsyDÉ, CNRS, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Renaud Jardri
- Univ Lille, INSERM U-1172, CHU Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition Centre, Plasticity & SubjectivitY (PSY) team, Lille, France
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Graham K Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marion Plaze
- Université de Paris, IPNP, INSERM, Paris, France.,GHU PARIS Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, site Sainte-Anne, Service Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hospitalo-Universitaire Paris, Paris, France
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21
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Brain-behavior dynamics between the left fusiform and reading. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 227:587-597. [PMID: 34510280 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The visual word form area (VWFA) plays a significant role in the development of reading skills. However, the developmental course and anatomical properties of the VWFA have only limitedly been investigated. The aim of the current longitudinal MRI study was to investigate dynamic, bidirectional relations between reading, and the structure of the left fusiform gyrus at the early-to-advanced reading stage. More specifically, by means of bivariate correlations and a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM), the interrelations between the size of the left fusiform gyrus and reading skills (an average score of a word and pseudo-word reading task) were studied in a longitudinal cohort of 43 Flemish children (29M, 14F) with variable reading skills in grade 2 (the early stage of reading) and grade 5 (the advanced stage of reading) of primary school. Results revealed that better reading skills at grade 2 lead to a larger size of the left fusiform gyrus at grade 5, whereas there are no directional effects between the size of the left fusiform gyrus at grade 2 and reading skills at grade 5. Hence, according to our results, there is behavior-driven brain plasticity and no brain-driven reading change between the early and advanced stage of reading. Together with pre-reading brain studies showing predictive relations to later reading scores, our results suggest that the direction of brain-behavioral influences changes throughout the course of reading development.
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22
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Borghesani V, Wang C, Watson C, Bouhali F, Caverzasi E, Battistella G, Bogley R, Yabut NA, Deleon J, Miller ZA, Hoeft F, Mandelli ML, Gorno-Tempini ML. Functional and morphological correlates of developmental dyslexia: A multimodal investigation of the ventral occipitotemporal cortex. J Neuroimaging 2021; 31:962-972. [PMID: 34115429 PMCID: PMC10832296 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The ventral occipitotemporal cortex (vOT) is a region crucial for reading acquisition through selective tuning to printed words. Developmental dyslexia is a disorder of reading with underlying neurobiological bases often associated with atypical neural responses to printed words. Previous studies have discovered anomalous structural development and function of the vOT in individuals with dyslexia. However, it remains unclear if or how structural abnormalities relate to functional alterations. METHODS In this study, we acquired structural, functional (words and faces processing), and diffusion MRI data from 26 children with dyslexia (average age = 10.4 ± 2.0 years) and 14 age-matched typically developing readers (average age = 10.4 ± 1.6 years). Morphological indices of local gyrification, neurite density (i.e., dendritic arborization structure), and orientation dispersion (i.e., dendritic arborization orientation) were analyzed within the vOT region that showed preferential activation in typically developing readers for words (as compared to face stimuli). RESULTS The two cohorts diverged significantly in both functional and structural measures. Compared to typically developing controls, children with dyslexia did not show selectivity for words in the left vOT (contrast: words > false fonts). This lack of tuning to printed words was associated with greater neurite dispersion heterogeneity in the dyslexia cohort, but similar neurite density. These group differences were not present in the homologous contralateral area, the right vOT. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide new insight into the neurobiology of the lack of vOT word tuning in dyslexia by linking behavior, alterations in functional activation, and neurite organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Borghesani
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christa Watson
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Florence Bouhali
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eduardo Caverzasi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Giovanni Battistella
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rian Bogley
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nicole A Yabut
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jessica Deleon
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zachary A Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fumiko Hoeft
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut, USA
- Brain Imaging Research Center, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, Connecticut, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Mandelli
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Dyslexia Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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23
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Voorhies WI, Miller JA, Yao JK, Bunge SA, Weiner KS. Cognitive insights from tertiary sulci in prefrontal cortex. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5122. [PMID: 34433806 PMCID: PMC8387420 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25162-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is disproportionately expanded in humans compared to non-human primates, although the relationship between LPFC brain structures and uniquely human cognitive skills is largely unknown. Here, we test the relationship between variability in LPFC tertiary sulcal morphology and reasoning scores in a cohort of children and adolescents. Using a data-driven approach in independent discovery and replication samples, we show that the depth of specific LPFC tertiary sulci is associated with individual differences in reasoning scores beyond age. To expedite discoveries in future neuroanatomical-behavioral studies, we share tertiary sulcal definitions with the field. These findings support a classic but largely untested theory linking the protracted development of tertiary sulci to late-developing cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willa I Voorhies
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Jacob A Miller
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jewelia K Yao
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Silvia A Bunge
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kevin S Weiner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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24
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Besson P, Parrish T, Katsaggelos AK, Bandt SK. Geometric deep learning on brain shape predicts sex and age. Comput Med Imaging Graph 2021; 91:101939. [PMID: 34082280 DOI: 10.1016/j.compmedimag.2021.101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The complex relationship between the shape and function of the human brain remains elusive despite extensive studies of cortical folding over many decades. The analysis of cortical gyrification presents an opportunity to advance our knowledge about this relationship, and better understand the etiology of a variety of pathologies involving diverse degrees of cortical folding abnormalities. Hypothesis-driven surface-based approaches have been shown to be particularly efficient in their ability to accurately describe unique features of the folded sheet topology of the cortical ribbon. However, the utility of these approaches has been blunted by their reliance on manually defined features aiming to capture the relevant geometric properties of cortical folding. In this paper, we propose an entirely novel, data-driven deep-learning based method to analyze the brain's shape that eliminates this reliance on manual feature definition. This method builds on the emerging field of geometric deep-learning and uses traditional convolutional neural network architecture uniquely adapted to the surface representation of the cortical ribbon. This method is a complete departure from prior brain MRI CNN investigations, all of which have relied on three dimensional MRI data and interpreted features of the MRI signal for prediction. MRI data from 6410 healthy subjects obtained from 11 publicly available data repositories were used for analysis. Ages ranged from 6 to 89 years. Both inner and outer cortical surfaces were extracted using Freesurfer and then registered into MNI space. For purposes of method development, both a classification and regression challenge were introduced for network learning including sex and age prediction, respectively. Two independent graph convolutional neural networks (gCNNs) were trained, the first of which to predict subject's self-identified sex, the second of which to predict subject's age. Class Activation Maps (CAM) and Regression Activation Maps (RAM) were constructed respectively to map the topographic distribution of the most influential brain regions involved in the decision process for each gCNN. Using this approach, the gCNN was able to predict a subject's sex with an average accuracy of 87.99 % and achieved a Person's coefficient of correlation of 0.93 with an average absolute error 4.58 years when predicting a subject's age. We believe this shape-based convolutional classifier offers a novel, data-driven approach to define biomedically relevant features from the brain at both the population and single subject levels and therefore lays a critical foundation for future precision medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Besson
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, United States
| | - Todd Parrish
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Aggelos K Katsaggelos
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Northwestern University, McCormick School of Engineering, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - S Kathleen Bandt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL, United States.
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25
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Barnes L, Petit S, Badcock NA, Whyte CJ, Woolgar A. Word Detection in Individual Subjects Is Difficult to Probe With Fast Periodic Visual Stimulation. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:602798. [PMID: 33762904 PMCID: PMC7982886 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.602798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring cognition in single subjects presents unique challenges. On the other hand, individually sensitive measurements offer extraordinary opportunities, from informing theoretical models to enabling truly individualised clinical assessment. Here, we test the robustness of fast, periodic, and visual stimulation (FPVS), an emerging method proposed to elicit detectable responses to written words in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of individual subjects. The method is non-invasive, passive, and requires only a few minutes of testing, making it a potentially powerful tool to test comprehension in those who do not speak or who struggle with long testing procedures. In an initial study, Lochy et al. (2015) used FPVS to detect word processing in eight out of 10 fluent French readers. Here, we attempted to replicate their study in a new sample of 10 fluent English readers. Participants viewed rapid streams of pseudo-words with words embedded at regular intervals, while we recorded their EEG. Based on Lochy et al. (2015) we expected that words would elicit a steady-state response at the word-presentation frequency (2 Hz) over parieto-occipital electrode sites. However, across 40 datasets (10 participants, two conditions, and two regions of interest–ROIs), only four datasets met the criteria for a unique response to words. This corresponds to a 10% detection rate. We conclude that FPVS should be developed further before it can serve as an individually-sensitive measure of written word processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Barnes
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Selene Petit
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas A Badcock
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Macquarie Centre for Reading, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher J Whyte
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Woolgar
- MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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26
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Jiang X, Zhang T, Zhang S, Kendrick KM, Liu T. Fundamental functional differences between gyri and sulci: implications for brain function, cognition, and behavior. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2021; 1:23-41. [PMID: 38665307 PMCID: PMC10939337 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Folding of the cerebral cortex is a prominent characteristic of mammalian brains. Alterations or deficits in cortical folding are strongly correlated with abnormal brain function, cognition, and behavior. Therefore, a precise mapping between the anatomy and function of the brain is critical to our understanding of the mechanisms of brain structural architecture in both health and diseases. Gyri and sulci, the standard nomenclature for cortical anatomy, serve as building blocks to make up complex folding patterns, providing a window to decipher cortical anatomy and its relation with brain functions. Huge efforts have been devoted to this research topic from a variety of disciplines including genetics, cell biology, anatomy, neuroimaging, and neurology, as well as involving computational approaches based on machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms. However, despite increasing progress, our understanding of the functional anatomy of gyro-sulcal patterns is still in its infancy. In this review, we present the current state of this field and provide our perspectives of the methodologies and conclusions concerning functional differentiation between gyri and sulci, as well as the supporting information from genetic, cell biology, and brain structure research. In particular, we will further present a proposed framework for attempting to interpret the dynamic mechanisms of the functional interplay between gyri and sulci. Hopefully, this review will provide a comprehensive summary of anatomo-functional relationships in the cortical gyro-sulcal system together with a consideration of how these contribute to brain function, cognition, and behavior, as well as to mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Center for Brain and Brain-Inspired Computing Research, School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Tianming Liu
- Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Computer Science and Bioimaging Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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27
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Arcaro MJ, Mautz T, Berezovskii VK, Livingstone MS. Anatomical correlates of face patches in macaque inferotemporal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:32667-32678. [PMID: 33277435 PMCID: PMC7768718 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018780117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primate brains typically have regions within the ventral visual stream that are selectively responsive to faces. In macaques, these face patches are located in similar parts of inferotemporal cortex across individuals although correspondence with particular anatomical features has not been reported previously. Here, using high-resolution functional and anatomical imaging, we show that small "bumps," or buried gyri, along the lower bank of the superior temporal sulcus are predictive of the location of face-selective regions. Recordings from implanted multielectrode arrays verified that these bumps contain face-selective neurons. These bumps were present in monkeys raised without seeing faces and that lack face patches, indicating that these anatomical landmarks are predictive of, but not sufficient for, the presence of face selectivity. These bumps are found across primate species that span taxonomy lines, indicating common evolutionary developmental mechanisms. The bumps emerge during fetal development in macaques, indicating that they arise from general developmental mechanisms that result in the regularity of cortical folding of the entire brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Arcaro
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
| | - Theodora Mautz
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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28
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Del Maschio N, Sulpizio S, Abutalebi J. Thinking outside the box: The brain-bilingualism relationship in the light of early neurobiological variability. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2020; 211:104879. [PMID: 33080496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2020.104879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bilingualism represents a distinctive way to investigate the interplay between brain and behaviour, and an elegant model to study the role of environmental factors in shaping this relationship. Past neuroimaging research has mainly focused on how bilingualism influences brain structure, and how eventually the brain accommodates a second language. In this paper, we discuss a more recent contribution to the field which views bilingualism as lens to understand brain-behaviour mappings from a different perspective. It has been shown, in contexts not related to bilingualism, that cognitive performance across several domains can be predicted by neuroanatomical variants determined prenatally and largely impervious to postnatal changes. Here, we discuss novel findings indicating that bilingualism modulates the predictive role of these variants on domain-specific cognition. The repercussions of these findings are potentially far-reaching on multiple levels, and highlight the need to shape more complex questions for progress in cognitive neuroscience approaches to bilingualism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Del Maschio
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Faculty of Psychology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Sulpizio
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Faculty of Psychology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Jubin Abutalebi
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Faculty of Psychology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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29
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Bodin C, Pron A, Le Mao M, Régis J, Belin P, Coulon O. Plis de passage in the superior temporal sulcus: Morphology and local connectivity. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117513. [PMID: 33130271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While there is a profusion of functional investigations involving the superior temporal sulcus (STS), our knowledge of the anatomy of this sulcus is still limited by a large individual variability. In particular, an accurate characterization of the "plis de passage" (PPs), annectant gyri inside the fold, is lacking to explain this variability. Performed on 90 subjects of the HCP database, our study revealed that PPs constitute landmarks that can be identified from the geometry of the STS walls. They were found associated with a specific U-shape white-matter connectivity between the two banks of the sulcus, the amount of connectivity being related to the depth of the PPs. These findings raise new hypotheses regarding the spatial organization of PPs, the relation between cortical anatomy and structural connectivity, as well as the possible role of PPs in the regional functional organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bodin
- CNRS, UMR 7289, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Institute for Language, Communication, and the Brain, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - A Pron
- CNRS, UMR 7289, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - M Le Mao
- CNRS, UMR 7289, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - J Régis
- INSERM U1106, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - P Belin
- CNRS, UMR 7289, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada; Institute for Language, Communication, and the Brain, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - O Coulon
- CNRS, UMR 7289, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Institute for Language, Communication, and the Brain, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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30
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Natu VS, Arcaro MJ, Barnett MA, Gomez J, Livingstone M, Grill-Spector K, Weiner KS. Sulcal Depth in the Medial Ventral Temporal Cortex Predicts the Location of a Place-Selective Region in Macaques, Children, and Adults. Cereb Cortex 2020; 31:48-61. [PMID: 32954410 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution and development of anatomical-functional relationships in the cerebral cortex is of major interest in neuroscience. Here, we leveraged the fact that a functional region selective for visual scenes is located within a sulcus in the medial ventral temporal cortex (VTC) in both humans and macaques to examine the relationship between sulcal depth and place selectivity in the medial VTC across species and age groups. To do so, we acquired anatomical and functional magnetic resonance imaging scans in 9 macaques, 26 human children, and 28 human adults. Our results revealed a strong structural-functional coupling between sulcal depth and place selectivity across age groups and species in which selectivity was strongest near the deepest sulcal point (the sulcal pit). Interestingly, this coupling between sulcal depth and place selectivity strengthens from childhood to adulthood in humans. Morphological analyses suggest that the stabilization of sulcal-functional coupling in adulthood may be due to sulcal deepening and areal expansion with age as well as developmental differences in cortical curvature at the pial, but not the white matter surfaces. Our results implicate sulcal features as functional landmarks in high-level visual cortex and highlight that sulcal-functional relationships in the medial VTC are preserved between macaques and humans despite differences in cortical folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi S Natu
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael J Arcaro
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael A Barnett
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jesse Gomez
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Kalanit Grill-Spector
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin S Weiner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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31
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Kristanto D, Liu M, Liu X, Sommer W, Zhou C. Predicting reading ability from brain anatomy and function: From areas to connections. Neuroimage 2020; 218:116966. [PMID: 32439534 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reading is a complex task involving different brain areas. As a crystallized ability, reading is also known to have effects on brain structure and function development. However, there are still open questions about what are the elements of the reading networks and how structural and functional brain measures shape the reading ability. The present study used a data-driven approach to investigate whether reading-related brain structural measures of cortical thickness, myelination, sulcus depth and structural connectivity and functional connectivity from the whole brain can predict individual differences in reading skills. It used different brain measures and performance scores from the Oral Reading Recognition Test (ORRT) measuring reading ability from 998 participants. We revealed reading-related brain areas and connections, and evaluated how well area and connection measures predict reading performance. Interestingly, the combination of all brain measures obtained the best predictions. We further grouped reading-related areas into positive and negative networks, each with four different levels (Core Regions, Extended-Regions 1, 2, 3), representing different correlation levels with the reading scores, and the non-correlated Region irrelevant to reading ability. The Core Regions are composed of areas that are most strongly correlated with reading performance. Insular and frontal opercular cortex, lateral temporal cortex, and early auditory cortex occupy the positive Core Region, while inferior temporal and motor cortex occupy the negative Core Region. Aside from those areas, the present study also found more reading-related areas including visual and language-related areas. In addition, connections predicting reading scores are denser inside the reading-related networks than outside. Together, the present study reveals extended reading networks of the brain and provides an extended data-driven analytical framework to study interpretable brain-behavior relationships, which are transferable also to studying other abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kristanto
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Studies and Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems (Hong Kong), Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Mianxin Liu
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Studies and Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems (Hong Kong), Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Xinyang Liu
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Studies and Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems (Hong Kong), Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Psychology, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Werner Sommer
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University at Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Changsong Zhou
- Department of Physics, Centre for Nonlinear Studies and Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems (Hong Kong), Institute of Computational and Theoretical Studies, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
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32
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Mangin JF, Le Guen Y, Labra N, Grigis A, Frouin V, Guevara M, Fischer C, Rivière D, Hopkins WD, Régis J, Sun ZY. "Plis de passage" Deserve a Role in Models of the Cortical Folding Process. Brain Topogr 2019; 32:1035-1048. [PMID: 31583493 PMCID: PMC6882753 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-019-00734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cortical folding is a hallmark of brain topography whose variability across individuals remains a puzzle. In this paper, we call for an effort to improve our understanding of the pli de passage phenomenon, namely annectant gyri buried in the depth of the main sulci. We suggest that plis de passage could become an interesting benchmark for models of the cortical folding process. As an illustration, we speculate on the link between modern biological models of cortical folding and the development of the Pli de Passage Frontal Moyen (PPFM) in the middle of the central sulcus. For this purpose, we have detected nine interrupted central sulci in the Human Connectome Project dataset, which are used to explore the organization of the hand sensorimotor areas in this rare configuration of the PPFM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yann Le Guen
- Neurospin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicole Labra
- Neurospin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Antoine Grigis
- Neurospin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Vincent Frouin
- Neurospin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Miguel Guevara
- Neurospin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Clara Fischer
- Neurospin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Denis Rivière
- Neurospin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - William D Hopkins
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jean Régis
- INS, CHU La Timone, Aix-Marseille University, 264, rue Saint Pierre, 13385, Marseille, France
| | - Zhong Yi Sun
- Neurospin, CEA, Paris-Saclay University, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Ludersdorfer P, Price CJ, Kawabata Duncan KJ, DeDuck K, Neufeld NH, Seghier ML. Dissociating the functions of superior and inferior parts of the left ventral occipito-temporal cortex during visual word and object processing. Neuroimage 2019; 199:325-335. [PMID: 31176833 PMCID: PMC6693527 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During word and object recognition, extensive activation has consistently been observed in the left ventral occipito-temporal cortex (vOT), focused around the occipito-temporal sulcus (OTs). Previous studies have shown that there is a hierarchy of responses from posterior to anterior vOT regions (along the y-axis) that corresponds with increasing levels of recognition - from perceptual to semantic processing, respectively. In contrast, the functional differences between superior and inferior vOT responses (i.e. along the z-axis) have not yet been elucidated. To investigate, we conducted an extensive review of the literature and found that peak activation for reading varies by more than 1 cm in the z-axis. In addition, we investigated functional differences between superior and inferior parts of left vOT by analysing functional MRI data from 58 neurologically normal skilled readers performing 8 different visual processing tasks. We found that group activation in superior vOT was significantly more sensitive than inferior vOT to the type of task, with more superior vOT activation when participants were matching visual stimuli for their semantic or perceptual content than producing speech to the same stimuli. This functional difference along the z-axis was compared to existing boundaries between cytoarchitectonic areas around the OTs. In addition, using dynamic causal modelling, we show that connectivity from superior vOT to anterior vOT increased with semantic content during matching tasks but not during speaking tasks whereas connectivity from inferior vOT to anterior vOT was sensitive to semantic content for matching and speaking tasks. The finding of a functional dissociation between superior and inferior parts of vOT has implications for predicting deficits and response to rehabilitation for patients with partial damage to vOT following stroke or neurosurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ludersdorfer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cathy J Price
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Keith J Kawabata Duncan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kristina DeDuck
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicholas H Neufeld
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mohamed L Seghier
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Emirates College for Advanced Education (ECAE), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Abstract
A defining aspect of brain organization is its spatial heterogeneity, which gives rise to multiple topographies at different scales. Brain parcellation - defining distinct partitions in the brain, be they areas or networks that comprise multiple discontinuous but closely interacting regions - is thus fundamental for understanding brain organization and function. The past decade has seen an explosion of in vivo MRI-based approaches to identify and parcellate the brain on the basis of a wealth of different features, ranging from local properties of brain tissue to long-range connectivity patterns, in addition to structural and functional markers. Given the high diversity of these various approaches, assessing the convergence and divergence among these ensuing maps is a challenge. Inter-individual variability adds to this challenge but also provides new opportunities when coupled with cross-species and developmental parcellation studies.
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35
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Kong R, Li J, Orban C, Sabuncu MR, Liu H, Schaefer A, Sun N, Zuo XN, Holmes AJ, Eickhoff SB, Yeo BTT. Spatial Topography of Individual-Specific Cortical Networks Predicts Human Cognition, Personality, and Emotion. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:2533-2551. [PMID: 29878084 PMCID: PMC6519695 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) offers the opportunity to delineate individual-specific brain networks. A major question is whether individual-specific network topography (i.e., location and spatial arrangement) is behaviorally relevant. Here, we propose a multi-session hierarchical Bayesian model (MS-HBM) for estimating individual-specific cortical networks and investigate whether individual-specific network topography can predict human behavior. The multiple layers of the MS-HBM explicitly differentiate intra-subject (within-subject) from inter-subject (between-subject) network variability. By ignoring intra-subject variability, previous network mappings might confuse intra-subject variability for inter-subject differences. Compared with other approaches, MS-HBM parcellations generalized better to new rs-fMRI and task-fMRI data from the same subjects. More specifically, MS-HBM parcellations estimated from a single rs-fMRI session (10 min) showed comparable generalizability as parcellations estimated by 2 state-of-the-art methods using 5 sessions (50 min). We also showed that behavioral phenotypes across cognition, personality, and emotion could be predicted by individual-specific network topography with modest accuracy, comparable to previous reports predicting phenotypes based on connectivity strength. Network topography estimated by MS-HBM was more effective for behavioral prediction than network size, as well as network topography estimated by other parcellation approaches. Thus, similar to connectivity strength, individual-specific network topography might also serve as a fingerprint of human behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Kong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ASTAR-NUS Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology and Memory Networks Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ASTAR-NUS Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology and Memory Networks Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Csaba Orban
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ASTAR-NUS Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology and Memory Networks Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mert R Sabuncu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Hesheng Liu
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Schaefer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ASTAR-NUS Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology and Memory Networks Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nanbo Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ASTAR-NUS Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology and Memory Networks Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xi-Nian Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Sciences and Research Center for Lifespan Development of Brain and Mind (CLIMB), Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ASTAR-NUS Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology and Memory Networks Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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36
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Parcellating the structure and function of the reading circuit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10542-10544. [PMID: 30275333 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814648115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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37
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Seghier ML, Price CJ. Interpreting and Utilising Intersubject Variability in Brain Function. Trends Cogn Sci 2018; 22:517-530. [PMID: 29609894 PMCID: PMC5962820 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We consider between-subject variance in brain function as data rather than noise. We describe variability as a natural output of a noisy plastic system (the brain) where each subject embodies a particular parameterisation of that system. In this context, variability becomes an opportunity to: (i) better characterise typical versus atypical brain functions; (ii) reveal the different cognitive strategies and processing networks that can sustain similar tasks; and (iii) predict recovery capacity after brain damage by taking into account both damaged and spared processing pathways. This has many ramifications for understanding individual learning preferences and explaining the wide differences in human abilities and disabilities. Understanding variability boosts the translational potential of neuroimaging findings, in particular in clinical and educational neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed L Seghier
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Emirates College for Advanced Education, PO Box 126662, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Cathy J Price
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, Institute of Neurology, WC1N 3BG, London, UK.
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Abstract
Inhibitory control (IC) is a core executive function that enables humans to resist habits, temptations, or distractions. IC efficiency in childhood is a strong predictor of academic and professional success later in life. Based on analysis of the sulcal pattern, a qualitative feature of cortex anatomy determined during fetal life and stable during development, we searched for evidence that interindividual differences in IC partly trace back to prenatal processes. Using anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we analyzed the sulcal pattern of two key regions of the IC neural network, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the inferior frontal cortex (IFC), which limits the inferior frontal gyrus. We found that the sulcal pattern asymmetry of both the ACC and IFC contributes to IC (Stroop score) in children and adults: participants with asymmetrical ACC or IFC sulcal patterns had better IC efficiency than participants with symmetrical ACC or IFC sulcal patterns. Such additive effects of IFC and ACC sulcal patterns on IC efficiency suggest that distinct early neurodevelopmental mechanisms targeting different brain regions likely contribute to IC efficiency. This view shares some analogies with the “common variant–small effect” model in genetics, which states that frequent genetic polymorphisms have small effects but collectively account for a large portion of the variance. Similarly, each sulcal polymorphism has a small but additive effect: IFC and ACC sulcal patterns, respectively, explained 3% and 14% of the variance of the Stroop interference scores.
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