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Xiao JL, Liu HY, Sun CC, Tang CF. Regulation of Keap1-Nrf2 signaling in health and diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:809. [PMID: 39001962 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09771-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) functions as a central regulator in modulating the activities of diverse antioxidant enzymes, maintaining cellular redox balance, and responding to oxidative stress (OS). Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) serves as a principal negative modulator in controlling the expression of detoxification and antioxidant genes. It is widely accepted that OS plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases. When OS occurs, leading to inflammatory infiltration of neutrophils, increased secretion of proteases, and the generation of large quantities of reactive oxygen radicals (ROS). These ROS can oxidize or disrupt DNA, lipids, and proteins either directly or indirectly. They also cause gene mutations, lipid peroxidation, and protein denaturation, all of which can result in disease. The Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway regulates the balance between oxidants and antioxidants in vivo, maintains the stability of the intracellular environment, and promotes cell growth and repair. However, the antioxidant properties of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway are reduced in disease. This review overviews the mechanisms of OS generation, the biological properties of Keap1-Nrf2, and the regulatory role of its pathway in health and disease, to explore therapeutic strategies for the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Ling Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, China
| | - Heng-Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, China
| | - Chen-Chen Sun
- Institute of Physical Education, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410205, China.
| | - Chang-Fa Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of the Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410012, China.
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Chen F, Xiao M, Hu S, Wang M. Keap1-Nrf2 pathway: a key mechanism in the occurrence and development of cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1381467. [PMID: 38634043 PMCID: PMC11021590 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1381467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway is a major regulator of the cytoprotective response, participating in endogenous and exogenous stress caused by ROS (reactive oxygen species). Nrf2 is the core of this pathway. We summarized the literature on Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and summarized the following three aspects: structure, function pathway, and cancer and clinical application status. This signaling pathway is similar to a double-edged sword: on the one hand, Nrf2 activity can protect cells from oxidative and electrophilic stress; on the other hand, increasing Nrf2 activity can enhance the survival and proliferation of cancer cells. Notably, oxidative stress is also considered a marker of cancer in humans. Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway, as a typical antioxidant stress pathway, is abnormal in a variety of human malignant tumor diseases (such as lung cancer, liver cancer, and thyroid cancer). In recent years, research on the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway has become increasingly in-depth and detailed. Therefore, it is of great significance for cancer prevention and treatment to explore the molecular mechanism of the occurrence and development of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feilong Chen
- Sports Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Expert Centre of Sichuan Province, Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Xiao
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaofan Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Signorini C, Saso L, Ghareghomi S, Telkoparan-Akillilar P, Collodel G, Moretti E. Redox Homeostasis and Nrf2-Regulated Mechanisms Are Relevant to Male Infertility. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:193. [PMID: 38397791 PMCID: PMC10886271 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Infertility represents a significant global health challenge, affecting more than 12% of couples worldwide, and most cases of infertility are caused by male factors. Several pathological pathways are implicated in male infertility. The main mechanisms involved are driven by the loss of reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis and the resulting oxidative damage as well as the chronic inflammatory process. Increased or severe oxidative stress leads to sperm plasma membrane and DNA oxidative damage, dysregulated RNA processing, and telomere destruction. The signaling pathways of these molecular events are also regulated by Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). The causes of male infertility, the role of oxidative stress in male infertility and the Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant pathway are reviewed. This review highlights the regulatory role of Nrf2 in the balance between oxidants and antioxidants as relevant mechanisms to male fertility. Nrf2 is involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis and sperm quality. Establishing a link between Nrf2 signaling pathways and the regulation of male fertility provides the basis for molecular modulation of inflammatory processes, reactive oxygen species generation, and the antioxidant molecular network, including the Nrf2-regulated antioxidant response, to improve male reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Signorini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.S.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Somayyeh Ghareghomi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417466191, Iran;
| | | | - Giulia Collodel
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.S.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Elena Moretti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.S.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
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Ray SK, Jayashankar E, Kotnis A, Mukherjee S. Oxidative versus Reductive Stress in Breast Cancer Development and Cellular Mechanism of Alleviation: A Current Perspective with Anti-breast Cancer Drug Resistance. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:205-216. [PMID: 36892117 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230309112751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is essential for keeping our bodies healthy, but it also helps breast cancer cells grow, stay alive, and resist treatment. Changes in the redox balance and problems with redox signaling can make breast cancer cells grow and spread and make them resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generation and the oxidant defense system are out of equilibrium, which causes oxidative stress. Many studies have shown that oxidative stress can affect the start and spread of cancer by interfering with redox (reduction-oxidation) signaling and damaging molecules. The oxidation of invariant cysteine residues in FNIP1 is reversed by reductive stress, which is brought on by protracted antioxidant signaling or mitochondrial inactivity. This permits CUL2FEM1B to recognize its intended target. After the proteasome breaks down FNIP1, mitochondrial function is restored to keep redox balance and cell integrity. Reductive stress is caused by unchecked amplification of antioxidant signaling, and changes in metabolic pathways are a big part of breast tumors' growth. Also, redox reactions make pathways like PI3K, PKC, and protein kinases of the MAPK cascade work better. Kinases and phosphatases control the phosphorylation status of transcription factors like APE1/Ref-1, HIF-1, AP-1, Nrf2, NF-B, p53, FOXO, STAT, and - catenin. Also, how well anti-breast cancer drugs, especially those that cause cytotoxicity by making ROS, treat patients depends on how well the elements that support a cell's redox environment work together. Even though chemotherapy aims to kill cancer cells, which it does by making ROS, this can lead to drug resistance in the long run. The development of novel therapeutic approaches for treating breast cancer will be facilitated by a better understanding of the reductive stress and metabolic pathways in tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar Ray
- Independent Researcher, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
| | - Erukkambattu Jayashankar
- Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Bhopal, Saket Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
| | - Ashwin Kotnis
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Bhopal, Saket Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-Bhopal, Saket Nagar, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
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Almatroudi A, Allemailem KS, Alwanian WM, Alharbi BF, Alrumaihi F, Khan AA, Almatroodi SA, Rahmani AH. Effects and Mechanisms of Kaempferol in the Management of Cancers through Modulation of Inflammation and Signal Transduction Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108630. [PMID: 37239974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the principal cause of death and its incidence is increasing continuously worldwide. Various treatment approaches are in practice to treat cancer, but these treatment strategies may be associated with severe side effects and also produce drug resistance. However, natural compounds have established their role in cancer management with minimal side effects. In this vista, kaempferol, a natural polyphenol, mainly found in vegetables and fruits, has been revealed to have many health-promoting effects. Besides its health-promoting potential, its anti-cancer potential has also been described in in vivo as well as in in vitro studies. The anti-cancer potential of kaempferol has been proven through modulation of cell signaling pathways in addition to the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. It leads to the activation of tumor suppressor genes, inhibition of angiogenesis, PI3K/AKT pathways, STAT3, transcription factor AP-1, Nrf2 and other cell signaling molecules. Poor bioavailability of this compound is one of the major limitations for its proper and effective disease management actions. Recently, some novel nanoparticle-based formulations have been used to overcome these limitations. The aim of this review is to provide a clear picture regarding the mechanism of action of kaempferol in different cancers through the modulation of cell signaling molecules. Besides this, strategies to improve the efficacy and synergistic effects of this compound have also been described. However, more studies are needed based on clinical trials to fully explore the therapeutic role of this compound, especially in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wanian M Alwanian
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basmah F Alharbi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Rahmani AH, Almatroudi A, Allemailem KS, Khan AA, Almatroodi SA. The Potential Role of Fisetin, a Flavonoid in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249009. [PMID: 36558146 PMCID: PMC9782831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a main culprit and the second-leading cause of death worldwide. The current mode of treatment strategies including surgery with chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be effective, but cancer is still considered a major cause of death. Plant-derived products or their purified bioactive compounds have confirmed health-promoting effects as well as cancer-preventive effects. Among these products, flavonoids belong to polyphenols, chiefly found in fruits, vegetables and in various seeds/flowers. It has been considered to be an effective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and to play a vital role in diseases management. Besides these activities, flavonoids have been revealed to possess anticancer potential through the modulation of various cell signaling molecules. In this regard, fisetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has a confirmed role in disease management through antioxidant, neuro-protective, anti-diabetic, hepato-protective and reno-protective potential. As well, its cancer-preventive effects have been confirmed via modulating various cell signaling pathways including inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, growth factor, transcription factor and other cell signaling pathways. This review presents an overview of the anti-cancer potential of fisetin in different types of cancer through the modulation of cell signaling pathways based on in vivo and in vitro studies. A synergistic effect with anticancer drugs and strategies to improve the bioavailability are described. More clinical trials need to be performed to explore the anti-cancer potential and mechanism-of-action of fisetin and its optimum therapeutic dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A. Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51542, Saudi Arabia
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Berberine: An Important Emphasis on Its Anticancer Effects through Modulation of Various Cell Signaling Pathways. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185889. [PMID: 36144625 PMCID: PMC9505063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of disease and a major cause of death worldwide. Despite advancement in various treatment modules, there has been little improvement in survival rates and side effects associated with this disease. Medicinal plants or their bioactive compounds have been extensively studied for their anticancer potential. Novel drugs based on natural products are urgently needed to manage cancer through attenuation of different cell signaling pathways. In this regard, berberine is a bioactive alkaloid that is found in variety of plants, and an inverse association has been revealed between its consumption and cancer. Berberine exhibits an anticancer role through scavenging free radicals, induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of angiogenesis, inflammation, PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Wnt/β-catenin, and the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. In addition, synergistic effects of berberine with anticancer drugs or natural compounds have been proven in several cancers. This review outlines the anticancer effects and mechanisms of action of berberine in different cancers through modulation of various cell signaling pathways. Moreover, the recent developments in the drug delivery systems and synergistic effect of berberine are explained.
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Consoli V, Sorrenti V, Pittalà V, Greish K, D’Amico AG, Romeo G, Intagliata S, Salerno L, Vanella L. Heme Oxygenase Modulation Drives Ferroptosis in TNBC Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105709. [PMID: 35628518 PMCID: PMC9143660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The term ferroptosis refers to a peculiar type of programmed cell death (PCD) mainly characterized by extensive iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Recently, ferroptosis has been suggested as a potential new strategy for the treatment of several cancers, including breast cancer (BC). In particular, among the BC subtypes, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered the most aggressive, and conventional drugs fail to provide long-term efficacy. In this context, our study's purpose was to investigate the mechanism of ferroptosis in breast cancer cell lines and reveal the significance of heme oxygenase (HO) modulation in the process, providing new biochemical approaches. HO's effect on BC was evaluated by MTT tests, gene silencing, Western blot analysis, and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) levels. In order to assess HO's implication, different approaches were exploited, using two distinct HO-1 inducers (hemin and curcumin), a well-known HO inhibitor (SnMP) and a selective HO-2 inhibitor. The data obtained showed HO's contribution to the onset of ferroptosis; in particular, HO-1 induction seemed to accelerate the process. Moreover, our results suggest a potential role of HO-2 in erastin-induced ferroptosis. In view of the above, HO modulation in ferroptosis can offer a novel approach for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Consoli
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (V.C.); (V.P.); (A.G.D.); (G.R.); (S.I.); (L.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (V.C.); (V.P.); (A.G.D.); (G.R.); (S.I.); (L.S.); (L.V.)
- CERNUT-Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (V.C.); (V.P.); (A.G.D.); (G.R.); (S.I.); (L.S.); (L.V.)
- CERNUT-Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Khaled Greish
- Princess Al-Jawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 329, Bahrain;
| | - Agata Grazia D’Amico
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (V.C.); (V.P.); (A.G.D.); (G.R.); (S.I.); (L.S.); (L.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (V.C.); (V.P.); (A.G.D.); (G.R.); (S.I.); (L.S.); (L.V.)
- CERNUT-Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Intagliata
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (V.C.); (V.P.); (A.G.D.); (G.R.); (S.I.); (L.S.); (L.V.)
- CERNUT-Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (V.C.); (V.P.); (A.G.D.); (G.R.); (S.I.); (L.S.); (L.V.)
- CERNUT-Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug and Health Science, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (V.C.); (V.P.); (A.G.D.); (G.R.); (S.I.); (L.S.); (L.V.)
- CERNUT-Research Centre on Nutraceuticals and Health Products, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Chun KS, Raut PK, Kim DH, Surh YJ. Role of chemopreventive phytochemicals in NRF2-mediated redox homeostasis in humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:699-715. [PMID: 34214633 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While functioning as a second messenger in the intracellular signaling, ROS can cause oxidative stress when produced in excess or not neutralized/eliminated properly. Excessive ROS production is implicated in multi-stage carcinogenesis. Our body is equipped with a defense system to cope with constant oxidative stress caused by the external insults, including redox-cycling chemicals, radiation, and microbial infection as well as endogenously generated ROS. The transcription factor, nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master switch in the cellular antioxidant signaling and plays a vital role in adaptive survival response to ROS-induced oxidative stress. Although NRF2 is transiently activated when cellular redox balance is challenged, this can be overwhelmed by massive oxidative stress. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain the NRF2-mediated antioxidant defense capacity at an optimal level. This review summarizes the natural NRF2 inducers/activators, especially those present in the plant-based diet, in relation to their cancer chemopreventive potential in humans. The molecular mechanisms underlying their stabilization or activation of NRF2 are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Soo Chun
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42691, South Korea
| | - Pawan Kumar Raut
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42691, South Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Convergence and Integrated Science, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16227, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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Personalized profiles of antioxidant signaling pathway in patients with tuberculosis. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2021; 55:405-412. [PMID: 34301493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The non-protein thiol glutathione is protective against infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and, together with the transcription factor NRF2 (the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), plays a crucial role in counteracting MTB-induced redox imbalance. Many genes implicated in the antioxidant response belong to the NRF2-signalling pathway, whose central role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB) has been recently proposed. METHODS In this study, we measured GSH levels in blood of patients with active TB and analysed the individual NRF2-mediated redox profile, in order to provide additional tools for discriminating the pathologic TB state and addressing therapeutic interventions. RESULTS Our findings show a systemic individual modulation of GSH and NRF2 signaling pathway in patients with TB, with a "personalized" induction of NRF2-target genes. CONCLUSION This study can provide useful tools to monitor the course of the infection and address patients' treatment.
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Xu Y, Huang X, Luo Q, Zhang X. MicroRNAs Involved in Oxidative Stress Processes Regulating Physiological and Pathological Responses. Microrna 2021; 10:164-180. [PMID: 34279211 DOI: 10.2174/2211536610666210716153929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress influences several physiological and pathological cellular events, including cell differentiation, excessive growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and the inflammatory response. Therefore, oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis, epilepsy, hypertension, atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have shown that several microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in developing various diseases caused by oxidative stress and that miRNAs may be helpful to determine the inflammatory characteristics of immune responses during infection and disease. This review describes the known effects of miRNAs on reactive oxygen species to induce oxidative stress and the miRNA regulatory mechanisms involved in the uncoupling of Keap1-Nrf2 complexes. Finally, we summarized the functions of miRNAs in several antioxidant genes. Understanding the crosstalk between miRNAs and oxidative stress-inducing factors during physiological and pathological cellular events may have implications for designing more effective treatments for immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, School of Life Science of Jiaying University, Guangdong Innovation Centre for Science and Technology of Wuhua Yellow Chicken, Meizhou 514015, China
| | - Xunhe Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Precision Utilization of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Mountainous Areas, School of Life Science of Jiaying University, Guangdong Innovation Centre for Science and Technology of Wuhua Yellow Chicken, Meizhou 514015, China
| | - Qingbin Luo
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science/ Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science/ Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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12
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Liu Q, Zhao S, Meng F, Wang H, Sun L, Li G, Gao F, Chen F. Nrf2 Down-Regulation by Camptothecin Favors Inhibiting Invasion, Metastasis and Angiogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:661157. [PMID: 34178646 PMCID: PMC8219964 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.661157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher oxidant stress capacity could promote invasion and metastasis. A previous study showed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) expressed more Nrf2 than para-carcinoma tissue. The chemotherapeutics such as epirubicin (EPI) could increase Nrf2 expression, while Camptothecin (CPT) could inhibit tumor growth by down-regulating the key molecule of antioxidant stress signal—Nrf2. The role of Nrf2 in invasion and metastasis was still unclear. In this study, we use EPI and CPT to determine the invasion and metastasis in Huh7 cells, H22 and Huh7 mouse models. In Huh7 cells, Nrf2 expression and ROS level were found increased after incubation with EPI by western blot and flow cytometry assay. But with the combination of EPI and CPT, inhibition of Nrf2 could decrease proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, which were investigated by CCK8 assay, wound healing, and Transwell assays. In Huh7 and H22 mouse models, EPI promoted Nrf2 up-regulation and nucleus translocation. Tumor growth was obviously inhibited with a single application of EPI or CPT. The combination of EPI and CPT could inhibit Nrf2 expression but demonstrated more suppressing effect of tumor growth than EPI. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining study revealed that Nrf2 inhibition was beneficial in decreasing the expression of N-cadherin, MMP9, Snail as well as Twist, and increasing E-cadherin, which were associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Nrf2 down-regulation promoted lung metastasis of H22 cells in vivo. In addition, H&E staining and immunofluorescence staining of VEGFR suggested angiogenesis of Huh7 and H22 tumors was reduced. In conclusion, down-regulation of Nrf2 demonstrated inhibition of invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis of hepatoma, which may provide a potential therapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fanguang Meng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Hankang Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China.,Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Guijie Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
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13
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Wang H, Lin D, Yu Q, Li Z, Lenahan C, Dong Y, Wei Q, Shao A. A Promising Future of Ferroptosis in Tumor Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629150. [PMID: 34178977 PMCID: PMC8219969 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, mechanisms and therapeutic approaches have been thoroughly studied in various prevalent malignant tumors, such as breast and lung cancer. However, there is inevitable tumor progression and drug resistance. Uncovering novel treatment strategies to inhibit tumor development is important. Ferroptosis, a form of cell death associated with iron and lipid peroxidation, has drawn extensive attention. In this paper, we reviewed the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis (i.e., iron, glutathione, and lipid metabolism) and its role in various tumors (i.e., lung cancer, liver carcinoma, breast cancer, and pancreatic cancer). Moreover, we summarized ferroptosis-related anti-tumor drugs and emphasized the potential of combined treatment of anti-tumor drugs and radiotherapy in an effort to provide novel anti-tumor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhouqi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, United States
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Wu X, Huang L, Liu J. Relationship between oxidative stress and nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 signaling in diabetic cardiomyopathy (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:678. [PMID: 33986843 PMCID: PMC8111863 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of death worldwide, and oxidative stress was discovered to serve an important role in the pathophysiology of the condition. An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant defenses is known to be associated with cellular dysfunction, leading to the development of various types of cardiac disease. Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that controls the basal and inducible expression levels of various antioxidant genes and other cytoprotective phase II detoxifying enzymes, which are ubiquitously expressed in the cardiac system. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) serves as the main intracellular regulator of NRF2. Emerging evidence has revealed that NRF2 is a critical regulator of cardiac homeostasis via the suppression of oxidative stress. The activation of NRF2 was discovered to enhance specific endogenous antioxidant defense factors, one of which is antioxidant response element (ARE), which was subsequently illustrated to detoxify and counteract oxidative stress-associated DCM. The NRF2 signaling pathway is closely associated with the development of various types of cardiac disease, including ischemic heart disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation and myocarditis. Therefore, it is hypothesized that drugs targeting this pathway may be developed to inhibit the activation of NRF2 signaling, thereby preventing the occurrence of DCM and effectively treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Leitao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, P.R. China
| | - Jichun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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15
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Chikkegowda P, Pookunoth BC, Bovilla VR, Veeresh PM, Leihang Z, Thippeswamy T, Padukudru MA, Hathur B, Kanchugarakoppal RS, Madhunapantula SV. Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structure Studies of Nrf2 Modulators for Inhibiting Cancer Cell Growth In Vitro and In Vivo. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:10054-10071. [PMID: 34056161 PMCID: PMC8153663 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2 is one of the important therapeutic targets studied extensively in several cancers including the carcinomas of the colon and rectum. However, to date, not many Nrf2 inhibitors showed promising results for retarding the growth of colorectal cancers (CRCs). Therefore, in this study, first, we have demonstrated the therapeutic effect of siRNA-mediated downmodulation of Nrf2 on the proliferation rate of CRC cell lines. Next, we have designed, synthesized, characterized, and determined the crystal structures for a series of tetrahydrocarbazoles (THCs) and assessed their potential to modulate the activity of Nrf2 target gene NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) activity by treating colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT-116. Later, the cytotoxic potential of compounds was assessed against cell lines expressing varying amounts of Nrf2, viz., breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and T47D (low functionally active Nrf2), HCT-116 (moderately active Nrf2), and lung cancer cell line A549 (highly active Nrf2), and the lead compound 5b was tested for its effect on cell cycle progression in vitro and for retarding the growth of Ehrlich ascites carcinomas (EACs) in mice. Data from our study demonstrated that among various compounds 5b exhibited better therapeutic index and retarded the growth of EAC cells in mice. Therefore, compound 5b is recommended for further development to target cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prathima Chikkegowda
- Department
of Pharmacology, JSS Medical College, JSS
Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Baburajeev C. Pookunoth
- Laboratory
of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Mysore 570005, Karnataka, India
| | - Venugopal R. Bovilla
- Department
of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
- Center
of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR,
DST-FIST Supported Center), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashanthkumar M. Veeresh
- Department
of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
- Center
of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR,
DST-FIST Supported Center), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Zonunsiami Leihang
- Department
of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
- Center
of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR,
DST-FIST Supported Center), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Thippeswamy Thippeswamy
- Department
of General Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahesh A. Padukudru
- Department
of Respiratory Medicine, JSS Medical College, and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavanagowdappa Hathur
- Center
of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR,
DST-FIST Supported Center), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
- Department
of General Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
- Faculty
of Medicine, JSS Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
- JSS
Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy
of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
- Special
Interest Group in Patient Care Management, JSS Medical College and
Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education
& Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
| | | | - SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula
- Department
of Biochemistry (DST-FIST Supported Department), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
- Special Interest Group in Cancer Biology and Cancer Stem Cells (SIG-CBCSC), JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore 570015, Karnataka, India
- . Mobile: +91-810-527-8621
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Young‐Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center College of Pharmacy and Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University Seoul South Korea
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17
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Checa J, Aran JM. Reactive Oxygen Species: Drivers of Physiological and Pathological Processes. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1057-1073. [PMID: 33293849 PMCID: PMC7719303 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s275595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the Great Oxidation Event, about 2.4 billion years ago, the Earth is immersed in an oxidizing atmosphere. Thus, it has been proposed that excess oxygen, originally a waste product of photosynthetic cyanobacteria, induced oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have since acted as fundamental drivers of biologic evolution and eukaryogenesis. Indeed, throughout an organism’s lifespan, ROS affect directly (as mutagens) or indirectly (as messengers and regulators) all structural and functional components of cells, and many aspects of cell biology. Whether left unchecked by protective antioxidant systems, excess ROS not only cause genomic mutations but also induce irreversible oxidative modification of proteins (protein oxidation and peroxidation), lipids and glycans (advanced lipoxidation and glycation end products), impairing their function and promoting disease or cell death. Conversely, low-level local ROS play an important role both as redox-signaling molecules in a wide spectrum of pathways involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis (MAPK/ERK, PTK/PTP, PI3K-AKT-mTOR), and regulating key transcription factors (NFκB/IκB, Nrf2/KEAP1, AP-1, p53, HIF-1). Consequently, ROS can shape a variety of cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, migration and apoptosis. In this review, we will give a brief overview of the relevance of ROS in both physiological and pathological processes, particularly inflammation and aging. In-depth knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of ROS actuation and their influence under steady-state and stressful conditions will pave the way for the development of novel therapeutic interventions. This will mitigate the harmful outcomes of ROS in the onset and progression of a variety of chronic inflammatory and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Checa
- Immune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
| | - Josep M Aran
- Immune-Inflammatory Processes and Gene Therapeutics Group, IDIBELL, Hospital Duran i Reynals, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08907, Spain
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18
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Quiles JL, Sánchez-González C, Vera-Ramírez L, Giampieri F, Navarro-Hortal MD, Xiao J, Llopis J, Battino M, Varela-López A. Reductive Stress, Bioactive Compounds, Redox-Active Metals, and Dormant Tumor Cell Biology to Develop Redox-Based Tools for the Treatment of Cancer. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:860-881. [PMID: 32064905 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Cancer is related to redox biology from many points of view, such as initiation and promotion, metabolism and growth, invasion and metastasis, vascularization, or through the interaction with the immune system. In addition, this extremely complex relationship depends on the redox homeostasis of each cellular compartment, which might be used to fight cancer. Recent Advances: New ways of modulating specific and little explored aspects of redox biology have been revealed, as well as new delivery methods or uses of previously known treatments against cancer. Here, we review the latest experimental evidence regarding redox biology in cancer treatment and analyze its potential impact in the development of improved and more effective antineoplastic therapies. Critical Issues: A critical issue that deserves particular attention is the understanding that both extremes of redox biology (i.e., oxidative stress [OS] and reductive stress) might be useful or harmful in relation to cancer prevention and treatment. Future Directions: Additional research is needed to understand how to selectively induce reductive or OS adequately to avoid cancer proliferation or to induce cancer cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Quiles
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cristina Sánchez-González
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Vera-Ramírez
- Department of Genomic Medicine, GENYO: Centre for Genomics and Oncology (Pfizer-University of Granada and Andalusian Regional Government), Granada, Spain
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - M Dolores Navarro-Hortal
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Juan Llopis
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Alfonso Varela-López
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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19
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Galicia-Moreno M, Lucano-Landeros S, Monroy-Ramirez HC, Silva-Gomez J, Gutierrez-Cuevas J, Santos A, Armendariz-Borunda J. Roles of Nrf2 in Liver Diseases: Molecular, Pharmacological, and Epigenetic Aspects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100980. [PMID: PMID: 33066023 PMCID: PMC7601324 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases represent a critical health problem with 2 million deaths worldwide per year, mainly due to cirrhosis and its complications. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of liver diseases. In order to maintain an adequate homeostasis, there must be a balance between free radicals and antioxidant mediators. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and its negative regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) comprise a defense mechanism against oxidative stress damage, and growing evidence considers this signaling pathway as a key pharmacological target for the treatment of liver diseases. In this review, we provide detailed and updated evidence regarding Nrf2 and its involvement in the development of the main liver diseases such as alcoholic liver damage, viral hepatitis, steatosis, steatohepatitis, cholestatic damage, and liver cancer. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of Nrf2 cellular signaling are elaborated, along with key and relevant antioxidant drugs, and mechanisms on how Keap1/Nrf2 modulation can positively affect the therapeutic response are described. Finally, exciting recent findings about epigenetic modifications and their link with regulation of Keap1/Nrf2 signaling are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Galicia-Moreno
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.L.-L.); (H.C.M.-R.); (J.S.-G.); (J.G.-C.)
| | - Silvia Lucano-Landeros
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.L.-L.); (H.C.M.-R.); (J.S.-G.); (J.G.-C.)
| | - Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramirez
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.L.-L.); (H.C.M.-R.); (J.S.-G.); (J.G.-C.)
| | - Jorge Silva-Gomez
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.L.-L.); (H.C.M.-R.); (J.S.-G.); (J.G.-C.)
| | - Jorge Gutierrez-Cuevas
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.L.-L.); (H.C.M.-R.); (J.S.-G.); (J.G.-C.)
| | - Arturo Santos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Juan Armendariz-Borunda
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (M.G.-M.); (S.L.-L.); (H.C.M.-R.); (J.S.-G.); (J.G.-C.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Zapopan 45201, Jalisco, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-333-677-8741
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20
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Sun X, Wang Y, Ji K, Liu Y, Kong Y, Nie S, Li N, Hao J, Xie Y, Xu C, Du L, Liu Q. NRF2 preserves genomic integrity by facilitating ATR activation and G2 cell cycle arrest. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:9109-9123. [PMID: 32729622 PMCID: PMC7498319 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a well-characterized transcription factor that protects cells against oxidative and electrophilic stresses. Emerging evidence has suggested that NRF2 protects cells against DNA damage by mechanisms other than antioxidation, yet the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that knockout of NRF2 in cells results in hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) in the presence or absence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under ROS scavenging conditions, induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) increases the NRF2 protein level and recruits NRF2 to DNA damage sites where it interacts with ATR, resulting in activation of the ATR-CHK1-CDC2 signaling pathway. In turn, this leads to G2 cell cycle arrest and the promotion of homologous recombination repair of DSBs, thereby preserving genome stability. The inhibition of NRF2 by brusatol increased the radiosensitivity of tumor cells in xenografts by perturbing ATR and CHK1 activation. Collectively, our results reveal a novel function of NRF2 as an ATR activator in the regulation of the cellular response to DSBs. This shift in perspective should help furnish a more complete understanding of the function of NRF2 and the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Sun
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaihua Ji
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangyang Kong
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shasha Nie
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxiu Hao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
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21
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Speciale A, Saija A, Bashllari R, Molonia MS, Muscarà C, Occhiuto C, Cimino F, Cristani M. Anthocyanins As Modulators of Cell Redox-Dependent Pathways in Non-Communicable Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1955-1996. [PMID: 30417771 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181112093336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs), mostly represented by cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic pulmonary diseases, cancers, and several chronic pathologies, are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, and are mainly related to the occurrence of metabolic risk factors. Anthocyanins (ACNs) possess a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardioprotective and chemopreventive properties, which are able to promote human health. Although ACNs present an apparent low bioavailability, their metabolites may play an important role in the in vivo protective effects observed. This article directly addresses the scientific evidences supporting that ACNs could be useful to protect human population against several NCDs not only acting as antioxidant but through their capability to modulate cell redox-dependent signaling. In particular, ACNs interact with the NF-κB and AP-1 signal transduction pathways, which respond to oxidative signals and mediate a proinflammatory effect, and the Nrf2/ARE pathway and its regulated cytoprotective proteins (GST, NQO, HO-1, etc.), involved in both cellular antioxidant defenses and elimination/inactivation of toxic compounds, so countering the alterations caused by conditions of chemical/oxidative stress. In addition, supposed crosstalks could contribute to explain the protective effects of ACNs in different pathological conditions characterized by an altered balance among these pathways. Thus, this review underlines the importance of specific nutritional molecules for human health and focuses on the molecular targets and the underlying mechanisms of ACNs against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Speciale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Saija
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Romina Bashllari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Sofia Molonia
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Muscarà
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.,"Prof. Antonio Imbesi" Foundation, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Cristina Occhiuto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Cimino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cristani
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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Vargas-Mendoza N, Morales-González Á, Morales-Martínez M, Soriano-Ursúa MA, Delgado-Olivares L, Sandoval-Gallegos EM, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez-González I, Madrigal-Santillán E, Morales-Gonzalez JA. Flavolignans from Silymarin as Nrf2 Bioactivators and Their Therapeutic Applications. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8050122. [PMID: 32423098 PMCID: PMC7277158 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8050122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silymarin (SM) is a mixture of flavolignans extracted from the seeds of species derived from Silybum marianum, commonly known as milk thistle or St. Mary'sthistle. These species have been widely used in the treatment of liver disorders in traditional medicine since ancient times. Several properties had been attributed to the major SM flavolignans components, identified as silybin, isosilybin, silychristin, isosilychristin, and silydianin. Previous research reported antioxidant and protective activities, which are probably related to the activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2), known as a master regulator of the cytoprotector response. Nrf2 is a redox-sensitive nuclear transcription factor able to induce the downstream-associated genes. The disruption of Nrf2 signaling has been associated with different pathological conditions. Some identified phytochemicals from SM had shown to participate in the Nrf2 signaling pathway; in particular, they have been suggested as activators that disrupt interactions in the Keap1-Nrf2 system, but also as antioxidants or with additional actions regarding Nrf2 regulation. Thus, the study of these molecules makes them appear attractive as novel targets for the treatment or prevention of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México Escuela Superior de Medicina, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz s/n esquina Miguel Othón de Mendizabal, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Mexico City CP 07738, Mexico;
| | - Mauricio Morales-Martínez
- Licenciatura en Nutrición, Universidad Intercontinental, Insurgentes Sur 4303, Santa Úrsula Xitla, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Mexico City CP 14420, Mexico;
| | - Marvin A. Soriano-Ursúa
- Academia de Fisiología Humana, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
| | - Luis Delgado-Olivares
- Centro de Investigación Interdisciplinario, Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Circuito Actopan-Tilcuauttla, s/n, Ex hacienda La Concepción, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo CP 42160, Mexico; (L.D.-O.); (E.M.S.-G.)
| | - Eli Mireya Sandoval-Gallegos
- Centro de Investigación Interdisciplinario, Área Académica de Nutrición, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Circuito Actopan-Tilcuauttla, s/n, Ex hacienda La Concepción, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo CP 42160, Mexico; (L.D.-O.); (E.M.S.-G.)
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Zacatenco, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Zacatenco, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México Escuela Superior de Medicina, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (E.M.-S.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (E.M.-S. & J.A.M.-G.)
| | - José A. Morales-Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México Escuela Superior de Medicina, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (E.M.-S.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (E.M.-S. & J.A.M.-G.)
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Genome-wide global identification of NRF2 binding sites in A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells by ChIP-Seq reveals NRF2 regulation of genes involved in focal adhesion pathways. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:12600-12623. [PMID: 31884422 PMCID: PMC6949066 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid-derived-2-like 2(NRF2) regulates its downstream genes through binding with antioxidant responsive elements in their promoter regions. Hyperactivation of NRF2 results in oncogenesis and drug resistance in various cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, identification of the genes and pathways regulated by NRF2 in NSCLC warrants further investigation. We investigated the global NRF2 genomic binding sites using the high-throughput ChIP-Seq technique in KEAP1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1)-mutated A549 (NSCLC) cells. We next carried out an integrated analysis of the ChIP-Seq data with transcriptomic data from A549 cells with NRF2-knockdown and RNA-Seq data from TCGA patients with altered KEAP1 to identify downstream and clinically-correlated genes respectively. Furthermore, we applied transcription factor enrichment analysis, generated a protein-protein interaction network, and used kinase enrichment analysis. Moreover, functional annotation of NRF2 binding sites using DAVID v7 identified the genes involved in focal adhesion. Putative focal adhesion genes regulated by NRF2 were validated using qRT-PCR. Further, we selected one novel conserved focal adhesion gene regulated by NRF2–LAMC1 (laminin subunit gamma 1) and validated it using a reporter assay. Overall, the identification of NRF2 target genes paves the way for identifying the molecular mechanism of NRF2 signaling in NSCLC development and therapy. Moreover, our data highlight the complexity of the pathways regulated by NRF2 in lung tumorigenesis.
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The Role of Nrf2 Activity in Cancer Development and Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111755. [PMID: 31717324 PMCID: PMC6896028 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 is a transcription factor that stimulates the expression of genes which have antioxidant response element-like sequences in their promoter. Nrf2 is a cellular protector, and this principle applies to both normal cells and malignant cells. While healthy cells are protected from DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species, malignant cells are defended against chemo- or radiotherapy. Through our literature search, we found that Nrf2 activates several oncogenes unrelated to the antioxidant activity, such as Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (BCL-xL), Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α), and Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). We also did a brief analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data of lung adenocarcinoma concerning the effects of radiation therapy and found that the therapy-induced Nrf2 activation is not universal. For instance, in the case of recurrent disease and radiotherapy, we observed that, for the majority of Nrf2-targeted genes, there is no change in expression level. This proves that the universal, axiomatic rationale that Nrf2 is activated as a response to chemo- and radiation therapy is wrong, and that each scenario should be carefully evaluated with the help of Nrf2-targeted genes. Moreover, there were nine genes involved in lipid peroxidation, which showed underexpression in the case of new radiation therapy: ADH1A, ALDH3A1, ALDH3A2, ADH1B, GPX2, ADH1C, ALDH6A1, AKR1C3, and NQO1. This may relate to the fact that, while some studies reported the co-activation of Nrf2 and other oncogenic signaling pathways such as Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Notch1, other reported the inverse correlation between Nrf2 and the tumor-promoter Transcription Factor (TF), Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Lastly, Nrf2 establishes its activity through interactions at multiple levels with various microRNAs. MiR-155, miR-144, miR-28, miR-365-1, miR-93, miR-153, miR-27a, miR-142, miR-29-b1, miR-340, and miR-34a, either through direct repression of Nrf2 messenger RNA (mRNA) in a Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-independent manner or by enhancing the Keap1 cellular level, inhibit the Nrf2 activity. Keap1–Nrf2 interaction leads to the repression of miR-181c, which is involved in the Nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Nrf2’s role in cancer prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy is still in its infancy, and the future strategic planning of Nrf2-based oncological approaches should also consider the complex interaction between Nrf2 and its various activators and inhibitors.
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25
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Namani A, Zheng Z, Wang XJ, Tang X. Systematic Identification of Multi Omics-based Biomarkers in KEAP1 Mutated TCGA Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2019; 10:6813-6821. [PMID: 31839815 PMCID: PMC6909944 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in KEAP1 and/or NRF2 genes have been identified across many cancers and the dysregulation of the NRF2 pathway due to these mutations leads to drug and radioresistance in several cancers. Identification of biomarkers associated with these mutations allows the researchers and clinicians to identify the personalized medicine and quicker diagnosis. In this current study, we carried out an integrated, multi-omics, multi-database analysis of exome, transcriptomics data's of KEAP1 mutated TCGA- Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients against non-mutated counterparts. Finally, we discovered the gene signature associated with KEAP1 mutations, prognostic genes which were highly correlated with the upregulation of the NRF2 pathway in the KEAP1 mutated LUAD patients. Our finding might be useful to identify the early diagnosis of KEAP1 mutated LUAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhileshwar Namani
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Department of Biochemistry of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
| | - Zhaohong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, and Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, PR China
| | - Xiu Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, and Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Department of Biochemistry of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, PR China
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26
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Yang Q, Deng H, Xia H, Xu M, Pan G, Mao J, Tao S, Yamanaka K, An Y. High NF-E2-related factor 2 expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with lung cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Free Radic Res 2019; 54:790-798. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1642472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianlei Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hanyi Deng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixuan Xia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengchuan Xu
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Guotao Pan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayuan Mao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shasha Tao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Yan An
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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27
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Sivandzade F, Bhalerao A, Cucullo L. Cerebrovascular and Neurological Disorders: Protective Role of NRF2. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143433. [PMID: 31336872 PMCID: PMC6678730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular defense mechanisms, intracellular signaling, and physiological functions are regulated by electrophiles and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent works strongly considered imbalanced ROS and electrophile overabundance as the leading cause of cellular and tissue damage, whereas oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role for the onset and progression of major cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative pathologies. These include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease (HD), stroke, and aging. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2) is the major modulator of the xenobiotic-activated receptor (XAR) and is accountable for activating the antioxidative response elements (ARE)-pathway modulating the detoxification and antioxidative responses of the cells. NRF2 activity, however, is also implicated in carcinogenesis protection, stem cells regulation, anti-inflammation, anti-aging, and so forth. Herein, we briefly describe the NRF2–ARE pathway and provide a review analysis of its functioning and system integration as well as its role in major CNS disorders. We also discuss NRF2-based therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Sivandzade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Aditya Bhalerao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
- Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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28
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Tu W, Wang H, Li S, Liu Q, Sha H. The Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Mechanisms of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway in Chronic Diseases. Aging Dis 2019; 10:637-651. [PMID: 31165007 PMCID: PMC6538222 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2018.0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between production of free radicals and reactive metabolites or [reactive oxygen species (ROS)] and their elimination by through protective mechanisms, including (antioxidants). This Such imbalance leads to damage of cells and important biomolecules and cells, with hence posing a potential adverse impact on the whole organism. At the center of the day-to-day biological response to oxidative stress is the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) - nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)- antioxidant response elements (ARE) pathway, which regulates the transcription of many several antioxidant genes that preserve cellular homeostasis and detoxification genes that process and eliminate carcinogens and toxins before they can cause damage. The redox-sensitive signaling system Keap1/Nrf2/ARE plays a key role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis under stress, inflammatory, carcinogenic, and pro-apoptotic conditions, which allows us to consider it as a pharmacological target. Herein, we review and discuss the recent advancements in the regulation of the Keap1/Nrf2/ARE system, and its role under physiological and pathophysiological conditions, e.g. such as in exercise, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, stroke, liver and kidney system, etc. and such.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Tu
- 1Institute of Radiation Medicine, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China.,2Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,3Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes of Stroke, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hong Wang
- 4Institute of Biomedical Engineering, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Song Li
- 1Institute of Radiation Medicine, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- 1Institute of Radiation Medicine, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Sha
- 4Institute of Biomedical Engineering, China Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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29
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Sivandzade F, Prasad S, Bhalerao A, Cucullo L. NRF2 and NF-қB interplay in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders: Molecular mechanisms and possible therapeutic approaches. Redox Biol 2019; 21:101059. [PMID: 30576920 PMCID: PMC6302038 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophiles and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a major role in modulating cellular defense mechanisms as well as physiological functions, and intracellular signaling. However, excessive ROS generation (endogenous and exogenous) can create a state of redox imbalance leading to cellular and tissue damage (Ma and He, 2012) [1]. A growing body of research data strongly suggests that imbalanced ROS and electrophile overproduction are among the major prodromal factors in the onset and progression of several cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and aging (Ma and He, 2012; Ramsey et al., 2017; Salminen et al., 2012; Sandberg et al., 2014; Sarlette et al., 2008; Tanji et al., 2013) [1-6]. Cells offset oxidative stress by the action of housekeeping antioxidative enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) as well direct and indirect antioxidants (Dinkova-Kostova and Talalay, 2010) [7]. The DNA sequence responsible for modulating the antioxidative and cytoprotective responses of the cells has been identified as the antioxidant response element (ARE), while the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2) is the major regulator of the xenobiotic-activated receptor (XAR) responsible for activating the ARE-pathway, thus defined as the NRF2-ARE system (Ma and He, 2012) [1]. In addition, the interplay between the NRF2-ARE system and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-ĸB, a protein complex that controls cytokine production and cell survival), has been further investigated in relation to neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders. On these premises, we provide a review analysis of current understanding of the NRF2-NF-ĸB interplay, their specific role in major CNS disorders, and consequent therapeutic implication for the treatment of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Sivandzade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Shikha Prasad
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Aditya Bhalerao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA; Center for Blood Brain Barrier Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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30
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Paramasivan P, Kankia IH, Langdon SP, Deeni YY. Emerging role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in the mechanism of action and resistance to anticancer therapies. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:490-515. [PMID: 35582567 PMCID: PMC8992506 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a transcription factor, is a master regulator of an array of genes related to oxidative and electrophilic stress that promote and maintain redox homeostasis. NRF2 function is well studied in in vitro, animal and general physiology models. However, emerging data has uncovered novel functionality of this transcription factor in human diseases such as cancer, autism, anxiety disorders and diabetes. A key finding in these emerging roles has been its constitutive upregulation in multiple cancers promoting pro-survival phenotypes. The survivability pathways in these studies were mostly explained by classical NRF2 activation involving KEAP-1 relief and transcriptional induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) neutralizing and cytoprotective drug-metabolizing enzymes (phase I, II, III and 0). Further, NRF2 status and activation is associated with lowered cancer therapeutic efficacy and the eventual emergence of therapeutic resistance. Interestingly, we and others have provided further evidence of direct NRF2 regulation of anticancer drug targets like receptor tyrosine kinases and DNA damage and repair proteins and kinases with implications for therapy outcome. This novel finding demonstrates a renewed role of NRF2 as a key modulatory factor informing anticancer therapeutic outcomes, which extends beyond its described classical role as a ROS regulator. This review will provide a knowledge base for these emerging roles of NRF2 in anticancer therapies involving feedback and feed forward models and will consolidate and present such findings in a systematic manner. This places NRF2 as a key determinant of action, effectiveness and resistance to anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Paramasivan
- Division of Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim H. Kankia
- Division of Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina PMB 2218, Nigeria
| | - Simon P. Langdon
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Yusuf Y. Deeni
- Division of Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom
- Correspondence Address: Prof. Yusuf Y Deeni, Division of Science, School of Applied Sciences, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, United Kingdom. E-mail:
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31
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Kerimi A, Williamson G. Differential Impact of Flavonoids on Redox Modulation, Bioenergetics, and Cell Signaling in Normal and Tumor Cells: A Comprehensive Review. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1633-1659. [PMID: 28826224 PMCID: PMC6207159 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Flavonoids can interact with multiple molecular targets to elicit their cellular effects, leading to changes in signal transduction, gene expression, and/or metabolism, which can, subsequently, affect the entire cell and organism. Immortalized cell lines, derived from tumors, are routinely employed as a surrogate for mechanistic studies, with the results extrapolated to tissues in vivo. Recent Advances: We review the activities of selected flavonoids on cultured tumor cells derived from various tissues in comparison to corresponding primary cells or tissues in vivo, mainly using quercetin and flavanols (epicatechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate) as exemplars. Several studies have indicated that flavonoids could retard cancer progression in vivo in animal models as well as in tumor cell models. CRITICAL ISSUES Extrapolation from in vitro and animal models to humans is not straightforward given both the extensive conjugation and complex microbiota-dependent metabolism of flavonoids after consumption, as well as the heterogeneous metabolism of different tumors. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Comparison of data from studies on primary cells or in vivo are essential not only to validate results obtained from cultured cell models, but also to highlight whether any differences may be further exploited in the clinical setting for chemoprevention. Tumor cell models can provide a useful mechanistic tool to study the effects of flavonoids, provided that the limitations of each model are understood and taken into account in interpretation of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Kerimi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds , Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds , Leeds, United Kingdom
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32
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Nrf2-Keap1 signaling in oxidative and reductive stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:721-733. [PMID: 29499228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 978] [Impact Index Per Article: 163.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nrf2 and its endogenous inhibitor, Keap1, function as a ubiquitous, evolutionarily conserved intracellular defense mechanism to counteract oxidative stress. Sequestered by cytoplasmic Keap1 and targeted to proteasomal degradation in basal conditions, in case of oxidative stress Nrf2 detaches from Keap1 and translocates to the nucleus, where it heterodimerizes with one of the small Maf proteins. The heterodimers recognize the AREs, that are enhancer sequences present in the regulatory regions of Nrf2 target genes, essential for the recruitment of key factors for transcription. In the present review we briefly introduce the Nrf2-Keap1 system and describe Nrf2 functions, illustrate the Nrf2-NF-κB cross-talk, and highlight the effects of the Nrf2-Keap1 system in the physiology and pathophysiology of striated muscle tissue taking into account its role(s) in oxidative stress and reductive stress.
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33
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Bouvier E, Brouillard F, Molet J, Claverie D, Cabungcal JH, Cresto N, Doligez N, Rivat C, Do KQ, Bernard C, Benoliel JJ, Becker C. Nrf2-dependent persistent oxidative stress results in stress-induced vulnerability to depression. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1701-1713. [PMID: 27646262 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stressful life events produce a state of vulnerability to depression in some individuals. The mechanisms that contribute to vulnerability to depression remain poorly understood. A rat model of intense stress (social defeat (SD), first hit) produced vulnerability to depression in 40% of animals. Only vulnerable animals developed a depression-like phenotype after a second stressful hit (chronic mild stress). We found that this vulnerability to depression resulted from a persistent state of oxidative stress, which was reversed by treatment with antioxidants. This persistent state of oxidative stress was due to low brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, which characterized the vulnerable animals. We found that BDNF constitutively controlled the nuclear translocation of the master redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2, which activates antioxidant defenses. Low BDNF levels in vulnerable animals prevented Nrf2 translocation and consequently prevented the activation of detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes, ultimately resulting in the generation of sustained oxidative stress. Activating Nrf2 translocation restored redox homeostasis and reversed vulnerability to depression. This mechanism was confirmed in Nrf2-null mice. The mice displayed high levels of oxidative stress and were inherently vulnerable to depression, but this phenotype was reversed by treatment with antioxidants. Our data reveal a novel role for BDNF in controlling redox homeostasis and provide a mechanistic explanation for post-stress vulnerability to depression while suggesting ways to reverse it. Because numerous enzymatic reactions produce reactive oxygen species that must then be cleared, the finding that BDNF controls endogenous redox homeostasis opens new avenues for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bouvier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1130, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8246, Paris, France
| | - F Brouillard
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR2301 CNRS, Equipe 34, Centre de Recherche de Gif, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Molet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1130, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8246, Paris, France
| | - D Claverie
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1130, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8246, Paris, France.,Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), BP 73, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - J-H Cabungcal
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Cresto
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1130, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8246, Paris, France
| | - N Doligez
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1130, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8246, Paris, France
| | - C Rivat
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1130, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8246, Paris, France
| | - K Q Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Bernard
- Aix Marseille Univ, Inserm, INS, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - J-J Benoliel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1130, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8246, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Service de Biochimie Endocrinienne et Oncologique, Paris, France
| | - C Becker
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine - Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS - IBPS), Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,INSERM, U1130, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR8246, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
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Brod JM, Demasi APD, Montalli VA, Teixeira LN, Furuse C, Aguiar MC, Soares AB, Sperandio M, Araujo VC. Nrf2-peroxiredoxin I axis in polymorphous adenocarcinoma is associated with low matrix metalloproteinase 2 level. Virchows Arch 2017; 471:793-798. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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35
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Russo M, Spagnuolo C, Russo GL, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Daglia M, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM. Nrf2 targeting by sulforaphane: A potential therapy for cancer treatment. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:1391-1405. [PMID: 28001083 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1259983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past decades, extensive studies have reported the potential chemopreventive activity of sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate derived from glucoraphanin, occurring in large amounts in Brassica genus plants. Sulforaphane was found to be active against several forms of cancer. A growing body of data shows that sulforaphane acts against cancer at different levels, from development to progression, through pleiotropic effects. In this review, we discuss the available experimental and clinical data on the potential therapeutic role of sulforaphane against cancer. Its effects range from the protection of cells from DNA damage to the modulation of the cell cycle via pro-apoptotic, anti-angiogenesis and anti-metastasis activities. At molecular level, sulforaphane modulates cellular homeostasis via the activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Although data from clinical studies are limited, sulforaphane remains a good candidate in the adjuvant therapy based on natural molecules against several types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Russo
- a Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| | - Carmela Spagnuolo
- a Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- a Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council , Avellino , Italy
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- b Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Unit , Medical University of Lublin , Lublin , Poland
| | - Maria Daglia
- c Department of Drug Sciences , Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia , Italy
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- d Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela , Spain
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- e Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- e Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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36
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Catanzaro E, Calcabrini C, Turrini E, Sestili P, Fimognari C. Nrf2: a potential therapeutic target for naturally occurring anticancer drugs? Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:781-793. [PMID: 28675319 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1351549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 is one of the most efficient cytoprotective rheostats against exogenous or endogenous oxidative insults. At present, the modulation of the Nrf2 pathway represents an interesting and highly explored strategy in the oncological area. Area covered: In this review, we present and discuss the different modulation of the Nrf2 pathway by some natural compounds with a well demonstrated anticancer activity, and critically analyze the challenges associated with the development of an Nrf2-based anticancer strategy. Expert opinion: Many natural compounds with a well-defined anticancer activity are able to modulate this pathway. Both Nrf2 inducers and inhibitors can be useful as anticancer strategy. However, since Nrf2 modulates many networks potentially involved in the detoxification process of anticancer drugs, its activation in cancer cells could lead to chemoresistance. The switch between a beneficial or detrimental role of Nrf2 in cancer cells essentially depends on the tight control of its activity, the specific conditions of tumor microenvironment, and cell type. In line with the paucity of clear data related to the mechanisms underpinning the role of Nrf2 in cancer development and chemoresistance, discovery and development of Nrf2-based strategies is one of the most critical and challenging assignments for fighting cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Catanzaro
- a Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini , Italy
| | - Cinzia Calcabrini
- a Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini , Italy
| | - Eleonora Turrini
- a Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini , Italy
| | - Piero Sestili
- b Department of Biomolecular Sciences , University of Urbino Carlo Bo , Urbino , Italy
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- a Department for Life Quality Studies , Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna , Rimini , Italy
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37
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The Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway: An update on its regulation and possible role in cancer prevention and treatment. Pharmacol Rep 2017; 69:393-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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38
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Zenkov NK, Kozhin PM, Chechushkov AV, Martinovich GG, Kandalintseva NV, Menshchikova EB. Mazes of Nrf2 regulation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:556-564. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917050030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
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39
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Arenas Valencia C, Arteaga Díaz CE. Síndrome de leiomiomatosis hereditaria y cáncer de células renales: revisión de la literatura. Rev Urol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.uroco.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Gào X, Schöttker B. Reduction-oxidation pathways involved in cancer development: a systematic review of literature reviews. Oncotarget 2017; 8:51888-51906. [PMID: 28881698 PMCID: PMC5584299 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress results from an imbalance of the reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) production and the oxidants defense system. Extensive research during the last decades has revealed that oxidative stress can mediate cancer initiation and development by leading not only to molecular damage but also to a disruption of reduction-oxidation (redox) signaling. In order to provide a global overview of the redox signaling pathways, which play a role in cancer formation, we conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed and ISI Web of Science and identified 185 relevant reviews published in the last 10 years. The 20 most frequently described pathways were selected to be presented in this systematic review and could be categorized into 3 groups: Intracellular ROS/RNS generating organelles and enzymes, signal transduction cascades kinases/phosphatases and transcription factors. Intracellular ROS/RNS generation organelles are mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes. Enzymes, including NOX, COX, LOX and NOS, are the most prominent enzymes generating ROS/RNS. ROS/RNS act as redox messengers of transmembrane receptors and trigger the activation or inhibition of signal transduction kinases/phosphatases, such as the family members of protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases. Furthermore, these reactions activate downstream signaling pathways including protein kinase of the MAPK cascade, PI3K and PKC. The kinases and phosphatases regulate the phosphorylation status of transcription factors including APE1/Ref-1, HIF-1α, AP-1, Nrf2, NF-κB, p53, FOXO, STAT, and β-catenin. Finally, we briefly discuss cancer prevention and treatment opportunities, which address redox pathways and further research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xīn Gào
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Health Care and Social Sciences, FOM University, Essen, Germany
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41
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Qian Z, Lv J, Kelly GT, Wang H, Zhang X, Gu W, Yin X, Wang T, Zhou T. Expression of nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2-mediated genes differentiates tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 99:56-62. [PMID: 27450006 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During infection and host defense, nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2) dependent signaling is an efficient antioxidant defensive mechanism used by host cells to control the destructive effects of reactive oxygen species. This allows for effective defense responses against microbes while minimizing oxidative injury to the host cell itself. As a central regulator of antioxidant genes, Nrf2 has gained great attention in its pivotal role in infection, especially in tuberculosis (TB), the top infectious disease killer worldwide. To elucidate the genes potentially regulated by Nrf2 in TB, we conducted a meta-analysis on published gene expression datasets. Firstly, we compared the global gene expression profiles between control and Nrf2-deficient human cells. The differentially expressed genes were deemed as "Nrf2-mediated genes". Next, the whole blood gene expression pattern of TB patients was compared with that of healthy controls, pneumonia patients, and lung cancer patients. We found that the genes deregulated in TB significantly overlap with the Nrf2-mediated genes. Based on the intersection of Nrf2-mediated and TB-regulated genes, we identified an Nrf2-mediated 17-gene signature, which reflects a cluster of gene ontology terms highly related to TB physiology. We demonstrated that the 17-gene signature can be used to distinguish TB patients from healthy controls and patients with latent TB infection, pneumonia, or lung cancer. Also, the Nrf2-mediated gene signature can be used as an indicator of the anti-TB therapeutic response. More importantly, we confirmed that the predictive power of the Nrf2-mediated 17-gene signature is significantly better than the random gene sets selected from the human transcriptome. Also, the 17-gene signature performs even better than the random gene signatures selected from TB-associated genes. Our study confirms the central role of Nrf2 in TB pathogenesis and provides a novel and useful diagnostic method to differentiate TB patients from other human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqing Qian
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Infection and Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China.
| | - Jingzhu Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China.
| | - Gabriel T Kelly
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1656 East Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
| | - Hongtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Infection and Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China.
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Infection and Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, 233003, China.
| | - Wanjun Gu
- Research Center for Learning Sciences, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Yin
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, 1656 East Mabel Street, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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A comprehensive characterization of cell cultures and xenografts derived from a human verrucous penile carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11375-84. [PMID: 26960831 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish and characterize primary cell cultures and xenografts derived from penile carcinoma (PeCa) in order to provide experimental models for cellular processes and efficacy of new treatments. A verrucous squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) was macrodissected, dissociated, and cultivated in KSFM/DF12 medium. Cell cultures were evaluated at passage 5 (P5) using migration and invasion assays and were serially propagated, in vivo, in BALB/c nude mice until passage 3 (X1-X3). Immunophenotypic characterization of cultures and xenografts was performed. Genomic (CytoScan HD, Affymetrix) and transcriptomic profiles (HTA 2.0 platform, Affymetrix) for VSCC, cell cultures, and xenografts were assessed. P5 cells were able to migrate, invade the Matrigel, and produce tumors in immunodeficient mice, demonstrating their malignant potential. The xenografts unexpectedly presented a sarcomatoid-like carcinoma phenotype. Genomic analysis revealed a high similarity between the VSCC and tumor-derived xenograft, confirming its xenograft origin. Interestingly, a subpopulation of P5 cells presented stem cell-related markers (CD44(+)CD24(-) and ALDH1(high)) and sphere-forming capacity, suggesting their potential xenograft origin. Cell cultures and xenografts retained the genomic alterations present in the parental tumor. Compared to VSCC, differentially expressed transcripts detected in all experimental conditions were associated with cellular morphology, movement, and metabolism and organization pathways. Malignant cell cultures and xenografts derived from a verrucous penile carcinoma were established and fully characterized. Nevertheless, xenograft PeCa models must be used with caution, taking into consideration the selection of specific cell populations and anatomical sites for cell/tumor implantation.
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Tertil M, Golda S, Skrzypek K, Florczyk U, Weglarczyk K, Kotlinowski J, Maleszewska M, Czauderna S, Pichon C, Kieda C, Jozkowicz A, Dulak J. Nrf2-heme oxygenase-1 axis in mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lung: Antitumoral effects associated with down-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:147-57. [PMID: 26393425 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Lung mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is a very poorly characterized rare subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) associated with more favorable prognoses than other forms of intrathoracic malignancies. We have previously identified that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, encoded by HMOX1) inhibits MEC tumor growth and modulates the transcriptome of microRNAs. Here we investigate the role of a major upstream regulator of HO-1 and a master regulator of cellular antioxidant responses, transcription factor Nrf2, in MEC biology. Nrf2 overexpression in the NCI-H292 MEC cell line mimicked the phenotype of HO-1 overexpressing cells, leading to inhibition of cell proliferation and migration and down-regulation of oncogenic miR-378. HMOX1 silencing identified HO-1 as a major mediator of Nrf2 action. Nrf2- and HO-1 overexpressing cells exhibited strongly diminished expression of multiple matrix metalloproteinases and inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β, which was confirmed in an NCI-HO-1 xenograft model. Overexpression of HO-1 altered not only human MMP levels in tumor cells but also murine MMP levels within tumor microenvironment and metastatic niche. This could possibly contribute to decreased metastasis to the lungs and inhibitory effects of HO-1 on MEC tumor growth. Our profound transcriptome analysis and molecular characterization of the mucoepidermoid lung carcinoma helps to understand the specific clinical presentations of these tumors, emphasizing a unique antitumoral role of the Nrf2-HO-1 axis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/pathology
- Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/prevention & control
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/prevention & control
- Cell Proliferation
- Down-Regulation
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Heme Oxygenase-1/genetics
- Heme Oxygenase-1/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics
- NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Tertil
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron 45071 Cedex 2 Orléans, France; Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Slawomir Golda
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Department of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Skrzypek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron 45071 Cedex 2 Orléans, France
| | - Urszula Florczyk
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Weglarczyk
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron 45071 Cedex 2 Orléans, France
| | - Jerzy Kotlinowski
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Maleszewska
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Szymon Czauderna
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron 45071 Cedex 2 Orléans, France
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron 45071 Cedex 2 Orléans, France; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jozef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland; Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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44
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Qian Z, Zhou T, Gurguis CI, Xu X, Wen Q, Lv J, Fang F, Hecker L, Cress AE, Natarajan V, Jacobson JR, Zhang DD, Garcia JGN, Wang T. Nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2-associated molecular signature predicts lung cancer survival. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16889. [PMID: 26596768 PMCID: PMC4657037 DOI: 10.1038/srep16889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2), a transcription factor also known as NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), is a key cytoprotective gene that regulates critical antioxidant and stress-responsive genes. Nrf2 has been demonstrated to be a promising therapeutic target and useful biomarker in malignant disease. We hypothesized that NFE2L2-mediated gene expression would reflect cancer severity and progression. We conducted a meta-analysis of microarray data for 240 NFE2L2-mediated genes that were enriched in tumor tissues. We then developed a risk scoring system based on NFE2L2 gene expression profiling and designated 50 tumor-associated genes as the NFE2L2-associated molecular signature (NAMS). We tested the relationship between this gene expression signature and both recurrence-free survival and overall survival in lung cancer patients. We find that NAMS predicts clinical outcome in the training cohort and in 12 out of 20 validation cohorts. Cox proportional hazard regressions indicate that NAMS is a robust prognostic gene signature, independent of other clinical and pathological factors including patient age, gender, smoking, gene alteration, MYC level, and cancer stage. NAMS is an excellent predictor of recurrence-free survival and overall survival in human lung cancer. This gene signature represents a promising prognostic biomarker in human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqing Qian
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Infection and Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233003, China.,Arizona Respiratory Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Tong Zhou
- Arizona Respiratory Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Christopher I Gurguis
- Arizona Respiratory Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Arizona Respiratory Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Qing Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jingzhu Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233003, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Infection and Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233003, China
| | - Louise Hecker
- Arizona Respiratory Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, AZ 85723, USA
| | - Anne E Cress
- Arizona Cancer Center and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Arizona Respiratory Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Arizona Respiratory Center and Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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45
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Lei W, Browning JD, Eichen PA, Brownstein KJ, Folk WR, Sun GY, Lubahn DB, Rottinghaus GE, Fritsche KL. Unveiling the anti-inflammatory activity of Sutherlandia frutescens using murine macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:254-262. [PMID: 26585972 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sutherlandia frutescens is a botanical widely used in southern Africa for treatment of inflammatory and other conditions. Previously, an ethanolic extract of S. frutescens (SFE) has been shown to inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) by murine neurons and a microglia cell line (BV-2 cells). In this study we sought to confirm the anti-inflammatory activities of SFE on a widely used murine macrophage cell line (i.e., RAW 264.7 cells) and primary mouse macrophages. Furthermore, experiments were conducted to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the flavonol and cycloartanol glycosides found in high quantities in S. frutescens. While the SFE exhibited anti-inflammatory activities upon murine macrophages similar to that reported with the microglia cell line, this effect does not appear to be mediated by sutherlandiosides or sutherlandins. In contrast, chlorophyll in our extracts appeared to be partly responsible for some of the activity observed in our macrophage-dependent screening assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lei
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jimmy D Browning
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Peggy A Eichen
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Korey J Brownstein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - William R Folk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Grace Y Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dennis B Lubahn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - George E Rottinghaus
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Kevin L Fritsche
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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46
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Abed DA, Goldstein M, Albanyan H, Jin H, Hu L. Discovery of direct inhibitors of Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction as potential therapeutic and preventive agents. Acta Pharm Sin B 2015; 5:285-99. [PMID: 26579458 PMCID: PMC4629420 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Keap1–Nrf2–ARE pathway is an important antioxidant defense mechanism that protects cells from oxidative stress and the Keap1–Nrf2 protein–protein interaction (PPI) has become an important drug target to upregulate the expression of ARE-controlled cytoprotective oxidative stress response enzymes in the development of therapeutic and preventive agents for a number of diseases and conditions. However, most known Nrf2 activators/ARE inducers are indirect inhibitors of Keap1–Nrf2 PPI and they are electrophilic species that act by modifying the sulfhydryl groups of Keap1׳s cysteine residues. The electrophilicity of these indirect inhibitors may cause "off-target" side effects by reacting with cysteine residues of other important cellular proteins. Efforts have recently been focused on the development of direct inhibitors of Keap1–Nrf2 PPI. This article reviews these recent research efforts including the development of high throughput screening assays, the discovery of peptide and small molecule direct inhibitors, and the biophysical characterization of the binding of these inhibitors to the target Keap1 Kelch domain protein. These non-covalent direct inhibitors of Keap1–Nrf2 PPI could potentially be developed into effective therapeutic or preventive agents for a variety of diseases and conditions.
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Key Words
- 1O2, singlet oxygen
- AD, Alzheimer׳s disease
- ARE, antioxidant response element
- BTB, broad complex, tramtrack and bric-a-brac
- Bach1, BTB and CNC homology 1
- CBP, cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein
- CDDO-Me, bardoxolone methyl
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CTR, C-terminal region
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- DGR, double glycine repeats
- Direct inhibitors of protein–protein interaction
- FITC, flurescein isothiocyanate
- FP, fluorescence polarization
- GCL, glutamate-cysteine ligase
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- H2O2, hydrogen peroxide
- HO-1, heme-oxygenase-1
- HTS, high-throughput screening
- High throughput screening assays
- IBS, inflammatory bowel disease
- IVR, intervening region
- Keap1
- Keap1, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
- MD, molecular dynamics
- NMR, .
- NO, nitric oxide
- NQO1, NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase I
- NTR, N-terminal region
- Nrf2
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2
- Oxidative stress
- PD, Parkinson׳s disease
- PPI, protein–protein interaction
- RNS, reactive nitrogen species
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Structure–activity relationships
- THIQ, tetrahydroisoquinoline
- TRX, thioredoxin
- X-ray crystallography
- [Formula: see text], peroxynitrate
- [Formula: see text], superoxide, OH·, hydroxyl radical
- vitamin C, ascorbate
- vitamin E, tocopherols
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47
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No JH, Kim YB, Song YS. Targeting nrf2 signaling to combat chemoresistance. J Cancer Prev 2014; 19:111-7. [PMID: 25337579 PMCID: PMC4204167 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2014.19.2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that upregulates expression of a battery of genes to combat oxidative and electrophilic stress. Modification of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) by reactive oxygen species stabilizes Nrf2 by escaping from degradation. Nrf2 then binds to antioxidant response elements (AREs) on the promoter region of various genes. Activation of the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway plays critical roles in the chemopreventive effect of various phytochemicals. However, Nrf2 can protect cancer cells from oxidative stress and promote cell proliferation. Moreover, recent studies reveal that activation of the Nrf2 pathway is critical for resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. The aim of this review is to provide a molecular basis for the use of Nrf2 inhibitors in overcoming chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hong No
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea ; Major in Biomodulation, World Class University, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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48
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Hybertson BM, Gao B. Role of the Nrf2 signaling system in health and disease. Clin Genet 2014; 86:447-52. [PMID: 25099075 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A key component of cytoprotective gene regulation is the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), also known as nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2, from the gene NFE2L2. Under normal conditions, Nrf2 in the cell is targeted for proteasomal degradation by its inhibitor Kelch-like ECH-associated inhibitor 1 (Keap1). When stimulated by oxidative stress, electrophiles, or kinase activation, conformational changes in the Nrf2-Keap1 complex inhibit proteasomal degradation of Nrf2, facilitating an increase in the amount of Nrf2 that binds to antioxidant response element sequences in the promoter regions of a variety of antioxidant, detoxification, and metabolic control genes. Nrf2 activation is mostly associated with beneficial cytoprotective gene regulation, but it can also have deleterious effects. For example, gene mutations in some types of cancers can lead to constitutive activation of Nrf2 and give the tumor cells growth advantages and increased drug resistance. Because cases exist where Nrf2/Keap1/ARE signaling is either too low or too high, there is great interest in the development of both Nrf2 activators and Nrf2 inhibitors as the basis of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Hybertson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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