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Zhang QZ, Liu JH, Gao YR, Liang J, Tang CL. Effect of macrophage polarization on parasitic protection against type 1 diabetes mellitus. Exp Parasitol 2024; 256:108649. [PMID: 37914152 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. Based on the hygiene hypothesis, a growing body of evidence suggests a negative association between parasitic infections and diabetes in humans and animal models. The mechanism of parasite-mediated prevention of type 1 diabetes mellitus may be related to the adaptive and innate immune systems. Macrophage polarization is a new paradigm for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus, and different host macrophage subsets play various roles during parasite infection. Proinflammatory cytokines are released by M1 macrophages, which are important in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Parasite-activated M2 macrophages prevent the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus and can influence the development of adaptive immune responses through several mechanisms, including Th2 cells and regulatory T cells. Here, we review the role and mechanism of macrophage polarization in parasitic protection against type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Zhi Zhang
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated with Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Jun-Hui Liu
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yan-Ru Gao
- Basic Medical Science Teaching Center, Medical Department, Wuhan City College, Wuhan, 430083, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital, Wuhan Institute for Tuberculosis Control, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Chun-Lian Tang
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated with Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China.
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2
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Ndlovu IS, Tshilwane SI, Ngcamphalala PI, Vosloo A, Chaisi M, Mukaratirwa S. Metabolomics (Non-Targeted) of Induced Type 2 Diabetic Sprague Dawley Rats Comorbid with a Tissue-Dwelling Nematode Parasite. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17211. [PMID: 38139040 PMCID: PMC10743009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a non-communicable metabolic syndrome that is characterized by the dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells and insulin resistance. Both animal and human studies have been conducted, demonstrating that helminth infections are associated with a decreased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there is a paucity of information on the impact that helminths have on the metabolome of the host and how the infection ameliorates T2DM or its progression. Therefore, this study aimed at using a non-targeted metabolomics approach to systematically identify differentiating metabolites from serum samples of T2DM-induced Sprague Dawley (SD) rats infected with a tissue-dwelling nematode, Trichinella zimbabwensis, and determine the metabolic pathways impacted during comorbidity. Forty-five male SD rats with a body weight between 160 g and 180 g were used, and these were randomly selected into control (non-diabetic and not infected with T. zimbabwensis) (n = 15) and T2DM rats infected with T. zimbabwensis (TzDM) (n = 30). The results showed metabolic separation between the two groups, where d-mannitol, d-fructose, and glucose were upregulated in the TzDM group, when compared to the control group. L-tyrosine, glycine, diglycerol, L-lysine, and L-hydroxyproline were downregulated in the TzDM group when compared to the control group. Metabolic pathways which were highly impacted in the TzDM group include biotin metabolism, carnitine synthesis, and lactose degradation. We conclude from our study that infecting T2DM rats with a tissue-dwelling nematode, T. zimbabwensis, causes a shift in the metabolome, causing changes in different metabolic pathways. Additionally, the infection showed the potential to regulate or improve diabetes complications by causing a decrease in the amino acid concentration that results in metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Siyanda Ndlovu
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (P.I.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Selaelo Ivy Tshilwane
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (S.I.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Philile Ignecious Ngcamphalala
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (P.I.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Andre’ Vosloo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (P.I.N.); (A.V.)
| | - Mamohale Chaisi
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa; (S.I.T.); (M.C.)
- Foundational Biodiversity Science, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Samson Mukaratirwa
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa; (I.S.N.); (P.I.N.); (A.V.)
- One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Basseterre KN0101, Saint Kitts and Nevis
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Amer AS, Othman AA, Dawood LM, El-Nouby KA, Gobert GN, Abou Rayia DM. The interaction of Schistosoma mansoni infection with diabetes mellitus and obesity in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9417. [PMID: 37296126 PMCID: PMC10256771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Human schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent parasitic diseases worldwide. Various host factors can affect the host-parasite interactions. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to determine the parasitological, histopathological, biochemical, and immunological status of Schistosoma mansoni-infected hosts with metabolic disorders to identify the underlying possible mechanisms of these comorbidities. The study animals were divided into four groups. Group I represented the control groups, namely, the normal control group, the S. mansoni-infected control group, and the noninfected type 1 diabetes (T1DM), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and obesity groups. The mice of the other three groups underwent induction of T1DM (Group II), T2DM (Group III) and obesity (Group IV) before being infected with S. mansoni. All mice were subjected to body weight measurement, blood glucose and insulin assessment, parasitological evaluation of adult worm count, tissue egg count and intestinal oogram. Histopathological and immunohistochemical study using anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and image analysis of Masson's trichrome-stained liver sections using ImageJ (Fiji) software were carried out. Additionally, immunological analysis of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) beta, interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-10, Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and pentraxin 3 (PTX3) levels besides biochemical study of total lipid profile were evaluated. The present study revealed a significant increase in the adult worm count and tissue egg output in the obesity group compared to the infected control group. The oogram of counted eggs showed prevalence of immature eggs in T1DM group, while T2DM and obese groups showed prevalence of mature eggs. The fibrosis area percentage showed significant increase in T2DM and obese groups while it was decreased in T1DM group in comparison to infected control group. Our data also showed significant increase in the levels of TNF-β, IL-5, PTX3 in T1DM, T2DM and obesity groups in comparison to infected control group, whilst the levels of FOXP3 and IL-10 were increased in the infected groups in comparison to their noninfected controls. Moreover, infected T1DM, T2DM and obesity groups showed higher blood glucose and lipid profile in comparison to the infected control group. However, these parameters were improved in comparison to their noninfected controls. In sum, induction of T2DM and obesity increased tissue egg counts, mature egg percentage, and fibrosis density, while schistosome infection induced changes in the lipid profile and blood glucose levels in infected diabetic and obese groups and impacted favorably insulin levels in obese mice. By better understanding the complexities of host-parasite interactions, efforts to reduce the burden of these debilitating diseases can be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa S Amer
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad A Othman
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Lamees M Dawood
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Kholoud A El-Nouby
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Geoffrey N Gobert
- School of Biological Science, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Dina M Abou Rayia
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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Pham K, Mertelsmann A, Mages K, Kingery JR, Mazigo HD, Jaka H, Kalokola F, Changalucha JM, Kapiga S, Peck RN, Downs JA. Effects of helminths and anthelmintic treatment on cardiometabolic diseases and risk factors: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011022. [PMID: 36827239 PMCID: PMC9956023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, helminth infections and cardiometabolic diseases often overlap in populations and individuals. Neither the causal relationship between helminth infections and cardiometabolic diseases nor the effect of helminth eradication on cardiometabolic risk have been reviewed systematically in a large number of human and animal studies. METHODS We conducted a systematic review assessing the reported effects of helminth infections and anthelmintic treatment on the development and/or severity of cardiometabolic diseases and risk factors. The search was limited to the most prevalent human helminths worldwide. This study followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered prospectively in PROSPERO (CRD42021228610). Searches were performed on December 10, 2020 and rerun on March 2, 2022 using Ovid MEDLINE ALL (1946 to March 2, 2022), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Global Index Medicus, and Ovid Embase (1974 to March 2, 2022). Randomized clinical trials, cohort, cross-sectional, case-control, and animal studies were included. Two reviewers performed screening independently. RESULTS Eighty-four animal and human studies were included in the final analysis. Most studies reported on lipids (45), metabolic syndrome (38), and diabetes (30), with fewer on blood pressure (18), atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (11), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP, 5), and non-atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (4). Fifteen different helminth infections were represented. On average, helminth-infected participants had less dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Eleven studies examined anthelmintic treatment, of which 9 (82%) reported post-treatment increases in dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes or glucose levels. Results from animal and human studies were generally consistent. No consistent effects of helminth infections on blood pressure, hsCRP, or cardiac function were reported except some trends towards association of schistosome infection with lower blood pressure. The vast majority of evidence linking helminth infections to lower cardiometabolic diseases was reported in those with schistosome infections. CONCLUSIONS Helminth infections may offer protection against dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This protection may lessen after anthelmintic treatment. Our findings highlight the need for mechanistic trials to determine the pathways linking helminth infections with cardiometabolic diseases. Such studies could have implications for helminth eradication campaigns and could generate new strategies to address the global challenge of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh Pham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Anna Mertelsmann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Keith Mages
- Samuel J. Wood Library, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Justin R. Kingery
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Humphrey D. Mazigo
- Department of Parasitology, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Hyasinta Jaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mwanza College of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Fredrick Kalokola
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Department of Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | | | - Saidi Kapiga
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Robert N. Peck
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Jennifer A. Downs
- Center for Global Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Mwanza, Tanzania
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Mu Y, McManus DP, Hou N, Cai P. Schistosome Infection and Schistosome-Derived Products as Modulators for the Prevention and Alleviation of Immunological Disorders. Front Immunol 2021; 12:619776. [PMID: 33692793 PMCID: PMC7937812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.619776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic helminths, comprising the flatworms (tapeworms and flukes) and nematodes (roundworms), have plagued humans persistently over a considerable period of time. It is now known that the degree of exposure to these and other pathogens inversely correlates with the incidence of both T helper 1 (Th1)-mediated autoimmunity and Th2-mediated allergy. Accordingly, there has been recent increased interest in utilizing active helminth worm infections and helminth-derived products for the treatment of human autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and to alleviate disease severity. Indeed, there is an accumulating list of novel helminth derived molecules, including proteins, peptides, and microRNAs, that have been shown to exhibit therapeutic potential in a variety of disease models. Here we consider the blood-dwelling schistosome flukes, which have evolved subtle immune regulatory mechanisms that promote parasite survival but at the same time minimize host tissue immunopathology. We review and discuss the recent advances in using schistosome infection and schistosome-derived products as therapeutics to treat or mitigate human immune-related disorders, including allergic asthma, arthritis, colitis, diabetes, sepsis, cystitis, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Mu
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nan Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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6
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Toejing P, Khat-Udomkiri N, Intakhad J, Sirilun S, Chaiyasut C, Lailerd N. Putative Mechanisms Responsible for the Antihyperglycemic Action of Lactobacillus paracasei HII01 in Experimental Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103015. [PMID: 33019697 PMCID: PMC7601916 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the updated knowledge of the impact of gut dysbiosis on diabetes, investigations into the beneficial effects of individual bacteria are still required. This study evaluates the antihyperglycemic efficacy of Lactobacillus paracasei HII01 and its possible mechanisms in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were assigned to receive vehicle, L. paracasei HII01 (108 CFU/day), metformin 30 (mg/kg) or a combination of L. paracasei HII01 and metformin. Normal rats given vehicle and L. paracasei HII01 were included. Metabolic parameters, including in vitro hemi-diaphragm glucose uptake, skeletal insulin-signaling proteins, plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), gut permeability, composition of gut microbiota and its metabolites, as well as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), were assessed after 12 weeks of experiment. The results clearly demonstrated that L. paracasei HII01 improved glycemic parameters, glucose uptake, insulin-signaling proteins including pAktSer473, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPKThr172), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-kB) in diabetic rats. Modulation of gut microbiota was found together with improvement in leaky gut, endotoxemia and SCFAs in diabetic rats administered L. paracasei HII01. In conclusion, L. paracasei HII01 alleviated hyperglycemia in diabetic rats primarily by modulating gut microbiota along with lessening leaky gut, leading to improvement in endotoxemia and inflammation-disturbed insulin signaling, which was mediated partly by PI3K/Akt signaling and AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichart Toejing
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.); (J.I.)
| | - Nuntawat Khat-Udomkiri
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.K.-U.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Jannarong Intakhad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.); (J.I.)
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.K.-U.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.K.-U.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Narissara Lailerd
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.T.); (J.I.)
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals and Cosmeceuticals, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.K.-U.); (S.S.); (C.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-5393-5362-4
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7
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Tang CL, Gao YR, Wang LX, Zhu YW, Pan Q, Zhang RH, Xiong Y. Role of regulatory T cells in Schistosoma-mediated protection against type 1 diabetes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 491:110434. [PMID: 31078638 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of T1D in developed societies is partly based on the hygiene hypothesis, that is, the loss of exposure to infectious agents accompanies the loss of immune stimuli shaping the immune system during development. Indeed, the components of parasites, such as Schistosoma, have been reported to ameliorate or prevent the development of T1D, which might be associated with immune cell activity especially that of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Schistosoma infection can lead to the expansion of Treg. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the involvement of Tregs in the response against Schistosoma infection and the mechanism of Schistosoma-associated host protection against T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lian Tang
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Yan-Ru Gao
- Medical Department, City College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430083, China
| | - Li-Xia Wang
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Ya-Wen Zhu
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Qun Pan
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Rong-Hui Zhang
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China.
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8
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Tang CL, Zou JN, Zhang RH, Liu ZM, Mao CL. Helminths protect against type 1 diabetes: effects and mechanisms. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:1087-1094. [PMID: 30758662 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which cells of the immune system destroy pancreatic β cells, which secrete insulin. The high prevalence of T1D in developed societies may be explained by environmental changes, including lower exposure to helminths. Indeed, infection by helminths such as Schistosoma, Filaria, and Heligmosomoides polygyrus and their by-products has been reported to ameliorate or prevent the development of T1D in human and animal models. Helminths can trigger distinct immune regulatory pathways, often involving adaptive immune cells that include T helper 2 (Th2) cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and innate immune cells that include dendritic cells, macrophages, and invariant natural killer T cells, which may act synergistically to induce Tregs in a Toll-like receptor-dependent manner. Cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β also play an important role in protection from T1D. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the effects and mechanisms underlying protection against T1D by helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lian Tang
- Wuchang Hospital affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Jie-Ning Zou
- Wuchang Hospital affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Rong-Hui Zhang
- Wuchang Hospital affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Liu
- Wuchang Hospital affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430063, China.
| | - Cun-Lan Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People's Hospital of Songzi City, Songzi, 434200, Hubei, China.
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9
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Tang CL, Liu ZM, Gao YR, Xiong F. Schistosoma Infection and Schistosoma-Derived Products Modulate the Immune Responses Associated with Protection against Type 2 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1990. [PMID: 29387059 PMCID: PMC5776330 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on parasite-induced immunoregulatory mechanisms could contribute to the development of new therapies for inflammatory diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by persistent elevated glucose levels due to insulin resistance. The association between previous Schistosoma infection and T2D has been confirmed—Schistosoma infection and Schistosoma-derived products modulate the immune system, including innate and acquired immune responses, contributing to T2D disease control. Schistosoma infections and Schistosoma-derived molecules affect the immune cell composition in adipose tissue, dampening inflammation and improving glucose tolerance. This protective role includes the polarization of immune cells to alternatively activated macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Furthermore, Schistosoma infection and Schistosoma products are effective for the treatment of T2D, as they increase the number of type 2 helper T cells (Th2) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and decrease type 1 helper T cells (Th1) and type 17 helper T cells (Th17) cells. Thus, our aim was to comprehensively review the mechanism through which Schistosoma infection and Schistosoma products modulate the immune response against T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lian Tang
- Department of Science and Education, Wuchang Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Liu
- Department of Science and Education, Wuchang Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Ru Gao
- Medical Department, City College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Elhenawy AA, Ashour RH, Nabih N, Shalaby NM, El-karef AA, Abou-El-Wafa HS. Insulin growth factor inhibitor as a potential new anti-schistosoma drug: An in vivo experimental study. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1346-1358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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11
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You H, Stephenson RJ, Gobert GN, McManus DP. Revisiting glucose uptake and metabolism in schistosomes: new molecular insights for improved schistosomiasis therapies. Front Genet 2014; 5:176. [PMID: 24966871 PMCID: PMC4052099 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms required for schistosomes to take up glucose, the major nutritional source exploited by these blood flukes from their mammalian hosts and the subsequent metabolism required to fuel growth and fecundity, can provide new avenues for developing novel interventions for the control of schistosomiasis. This aspect of parasitism is particularly important to paired adult schistosomes, due to their considerable requirements for the energy needed to produce the extensive numbers of eggs laid daily by the female worm. This review describes recent advances in characterizing glucose metabolism in adult schistosomes. Potential intervention targets are discussed within the insulin signaling and glycolysis pathways, both of which play critical roles in the carbohydrate and energy requirements of schistosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong You
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel J. Stephenson
- Faculty of Science, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of QueenslandBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Geoffrey N. Gobert
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald P. McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbane, QLD, Australia
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Parasitological and morphological study of Schistosoma mansoni and diabetes mellitus in mice. Exp Parasitol 2011; 129:42-7. [PMID: 21708148 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomes are blood-dwelling flukes which are highly dependent on the host metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate possible relationship between streptozotocin-induced diabetes and the outcome of acute murine schistosomiasis mansoni. Male and female SW mice were treated by a single intraperitoneally injected dose of streptozotocin (180 mg/kg). Seven days after induction, both control and diabetic animals were infected with 70 Schistosoma mansoni cercariae (BH strain). Diabetics and their controls were weighed 45 days after birth and for the last time prior to killing. Susceptibility to infection was evaluated twice a week by quantifying fecal egg excretion 7-9 weeks post-infection by the Kato-Katz' thick smear method. Mice were euthanized the day after the last fecal examination was performed. Adult worms were recovered from the portal system and mesenteric veins, whereas liver and intestine were removed for enumeration of egg load. No differences in worm length or in measurements of the reproductive organs, tegument, and suckers were detected. Also oviposition was unaffected as the total number of eggs per female worm from the liver, the small and the large intestine was the same in both groups. An oogram evaluation revealed a lower percentage of mature (23.0% vs. 40.7%) and a higher percentage of immature (69.1% vs. 51.7%) eggs in the small intestine of the diabetic mice. We suggest that principally a hampered egg passage through the intestine tissue caused this reduction and that probably both the eggs and the impaired host response play a role.
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Schistosomiasis in the People's Republic of China: the era of the Three Gorges Dam. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010; 23:442-66. [PMID: 20375361 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00044-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential impact of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) on schistosomiasis transmission in China has invoked considerable global concern. The TGD will result in changes in the water level and silt deposition downstream, favoring the reproduction of Oncomelania snails. Combined with blockages of the Yangtze River's tributaries, these changes will increase the schistosomiasis transmission season within the marshlands along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The changing schistosome transmission dynamics necessitate a comprehensive strategy to control schistosomiasis. This review discusses aspects of the epidemiology and transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in China and considers the pathology, clinical outcomes, diagnosis, treatment, immunobiology, and genetics of schistosomiasis japonica together with an overview of current progress in vaccine development, all of which will have an impact on future control efforts. The use of synchronous praziquantel (PZQ) chemotherapy for humans and domestic animals is only temporarily effective, as schistosome reinfection occurs rapidly. Drug delivery requires a substantial infrastructure to regularly cover all parts of an area of endemicity. This makes chemotherapy expensive and, as compliance is often low, a less than satisfactory control option. There is increasing disquiet about the possibility that PZQ-resistant schistosomes will develop. Consequently, as mathematical modeling predicts, vaccine strategies represent an essential component in the future control of schistosomiasis in China. With the inclusion of focal mollusciciding, improvements in sanitation, and health education into the control scenario, China's target of reducing the level of schistosome infection to less than 1% by 2015 may be achievable.
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Metabolite-biomarker investigations in the life cycle of and infection with Schistosoma. Parasitology 2010; 137:1425-35. [PMID: 20550753 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182010000545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Schistosome infection is endemic in many Third World countries and affects an estimated 200 million individuals. Over the last few years, a number of investigations have focused on small molecule biomarkers of this infection. These studies were aimed at discovering key molecules relating to the life cycle of the parasite or deciphering metabolic change in the host during infection. In this review these studies are further divided into targeted approaches to find compounds and fingerprinting techniques i.e. metabonomics. A species-specific metabolite or group of biomarkers of the infection have yet to be discovered. For this reason a critical discussion contrasting with established diagnostic methods and future prospects are also provided.
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