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Shivani, Kumari S, Singh PP, Singh Bora P, Sharma U. Two new alkaloids from the roots of Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W. Theob. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38462768 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2326979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Two undescribed alkaloids, 15-carboxydihydroerysotrine (1) and (14 R)-4-methoxy-13,14-dihydrooxypalmatine (2), along with six known compounds, 1,6-didehydro-3,15,16-trimethoxy-9-methylerythrinanium (3), 8-oxytetrahydropalmatine (4), 20-hydroxyecdysone (5), makisterone A (6) turkesterone (7) and magnoflorine (8) were isolated from the root part of Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W. Theob. Their structures were established based on detailed analysis of NMR, UV-Vis, HRESIMS, and single-crystal XRD spectroscopic experiments. Compounds 3, 4 and 7 were reported for the first time from the genus Cocculus. All the compounds were analysed in silico to investigate their human acetylcholinesterase inhibition potential. This analysis revealed that compounds 1 and 8 interacted well with the selected protein, which suggested their further exploration as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors via in vitro and in vivo investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Surekha Kumari
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Prithvi Pal Singh
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Prateek Singh Bora
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- C-H Activation & Phytochemistry Lab, Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Salama SA, AL-Faifi ZE, El-Amier YA. Chemical Composition of Reichardia tingitana Methanolic Extract and Its Potential Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic and Larvicidal Activity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11152028. [PMID: 35956506 PMCID: PMC9370821 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The biggest challenges are locating effective, reasonably priced, and eco-friendly compounds to treat diseases caused by insects and microbes. The aim of this study was to employ GC-MS to assess the biological potency and chemical composition of the aerial parts of Reichardia tingitana (L.) Roth. Using this technique, 17 components were interpreted from the extracted plant, accounting for around 100% of total volatile compounds. Commonly, 6,10,14-trimethylpentadecan-2-one (21.98%) and methyl oleate (27.26%) were positioned as the major components, which were ascertained after 19.25, and 23.34 min, respectively. The major components were classified as hydrocarbons (23.82%), fatty acids, esters of fatty acids (57.46%), steroids (17.26%), and terpenes (1.48%). The DPPH antioxidant activity of the R. tingitana extracted components revealed that the shoot extract is the most powerful, with an IC50 value of 30.77 mg L−1 and a radical scavenging activity percentage of 71.91%. According to the current result, methanolic extract of R. tingitana had the maximum zone of inhibition against Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus cereus (25.71 ± 1.63 and 24.42 ± 0.81 mm, respectively), while Clostridium tetani and Staphylococcus xylosus were the main resistant species. In addition, the 50% methanol crude shoot extract of R. tingitana showed greater potential anticancer activity with high cytotoxicity for two tumor cells HepG-2 and PC3 cells (IC50 = 29.977 and 40.479 µg mL−1, respectively) and noncytotoxic activity for WI-38 normal cells (IC50 = >100 µg mL−1). The MeOH extract of plant sample was more effective against Aedes aegypti larvae with LC50 of extract being 46.85, 35.75, and 29.38 mg L−1, whereas the LC90 is 82.66, 63.82, and 53.30 mg L−1 for the various time periods of 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. R. tingitana is a possible biologically active plant. Future study will include pure chemical isolation and individual component bioactivity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salama A. Salama
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhur University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Zarraq E. AL-Faifi
- Center for Environmental Research and Studies, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2097, Jazan 42145, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser A. El-Amier
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Chellappandian M, Senthil-Nathan S, Karthi S, Vasantha-Srinivasan P, Kalaivani K, Hunter WB, Ali AM, Veerabahu C, Elshikh MS, Al Farraj DA. Larvicidal and repellent activity of N-methyl-1-adamantylamine and oleic acid a major derivative of bael tree ethanol leaf extracts against dengue mosquito vector and their biosafety on natural predator. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:15654-15663. [PMID: 34636011 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa belongs to the family Rutaceae is generally known as "bael fruit tree" occuring across the south Asian countries. The current investigation screened the main derivatives from crude ethanolic extracts of the Bael tree leaf and evaluated activity effects on the larvae and adults of Aedes aegypti (L.) Dengue vector mosquito and a non-target aquatic predator. The GC-MS results showed that the peak area was found to be profound in N-methyl-1-adamantaneacetamide (N-M 1a) followed by oleic acid (OA) with 63.08 and 11.43% respectively. The larvicidal activity against the fourth instar larvae and the crude Ex-Am showed prominent mortality rate (93.60%) at the maximum dosage of 100 ppm. The mortality rate of N-M 1a and OA was occurred at 10 ppm (97.73%) and 12 ppm (95.4%). The repellent activity was found to be prominent at crude Ex-Am (50 ppm) as compared to the pure compounds (N-m 1a and OA) with maximum protection time up to 210 min. The non-target screening of Ex-Am, N-M 1a, and OA on mosquito predator Tx. splendens showed that they are scarcely toxic even at the maximum dosage of 1000 ppm (34.13%), 100 ppm (27.3%), and 120 ppm (31.3%) respectively. Thus, the present investigation clearly proved that the crude Ex-Am and their major derivatives Nm 1-a and OA showed their acute larval toxicity as well as potential mosquito repellent against the dengue mosquito and eco-safety against the mosquito predator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthiah Chellappandian
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
- PG and Research Department of Botany, V.O. Chidambaram College, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, 628 008, India
| | - Sengottayan Senthil-Nathan
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India.
| | - Sengodan Karthi
- Division of Biopesticides and Environmental Toxicology, Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Excellence in Environmental Sciences, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India
| | | | - Kandaswamy Kalaivani
- Department of Zoology, Post Graduate and Research Centre, Sri Parasakthi College for Women, Tirunelveli, India
| | - Wayne Brian Hunter
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Ajmal M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology , College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed Soliman Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dunia A Al Farraj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
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Subramaniyan S, Pathalam G, Antony S, Michael GP, Samuel R, Kedike B, Sekar A, Boovaragamurthy A, Osamu S, Mahmoud AH, Mohammed OB, Savarimuthu I. Mosquitocidal effect of monoterpene ester and its acetyl derivative from Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merr against Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) and their insilico studies. Exp Parasitol 2021; 223:108076. [PMID: 33460625 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the mosquitocidal efficiency of compound isolated from Blumea mollis (D. Don) Merr against Culex quinquefasciatus. Eggs and larvae of Cx. uinquefasciatus were exposed to different concentrations 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ppm of compounds prepared using DMSO. Compound 1 was identified as (4R, 5S)-4-hydroxy-7-tigloyloxy carvotanacetone, from which new derivative was synthesized and confirmed as (4R, 5S)-4-acetoxy-7-tigloyloxy carvotanacetone. Both the compounds presented larvicidal and ovicidal activities. Compounds 1 and 2 at 2-ppm concentration showed 64% and 78% larval mortality in 24 h, respectively. The LC50and LC90values of compounds 1 and 2 on Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae were 1.73, 1.27 and 4.59, 3.33 ppm, respectively. The eluted compound 1 and synthesized compound 2 presented 68% and 77% of ovicidal activity, respectively, against eggs of Cx. quinquefasciatus at 120 h post-treatment. Histopathological studies of the compound-treated larvae revealed serious damage on the larval midgut cells. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 was tested for toxicity study and the results showed both the compounds were found to be harmless to non-target organism Poecilia reticulata. Computational analysis of compound 2 showed strong binding interaction with the AChE1 of Cx. quinquefasciatus. These results clearly suggest that compounds from Blumea mollis could act as good mosquitocidal agents against Cx.quinquefasciatus and compound 2 was first time reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ganesan Pathalam
- Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College (University of Madras), Chennai 600 034, India.
| | - Stalin Antony
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Gabriel Paulraj Michael
- Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College (University of Madras), Chennai 600 034, India.
| | - Rajan Samuel
- Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College (University of Madras), Chennai 600 034, India.
| | - Balakrishna Kedike
- Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College (University of Madras), Chennai 600 034, India.
| | - Anand Sekar
- Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College (University of Madras), Chennai 600 034, India.
| | - Ahilan Boovaragamurthy
- Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College (University of Madras), Chennai 600 034, India.
| | - Shirota Osamu
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Japan.
| | - Ahmed Hossam Mahmoud
- Department Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Osama B Mohammed
- Department Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ignacimuthu Savarimuthu
- Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College (University of Madras), Chennai 600 034, India; Xavier Research Foundation, St Xavier's College, Palayamkottai 627002, India.
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Logesh R, Das N, Adhikari-Devkota A, Devkota HP. Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. (Menispermaceae): A Review on Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities. MEDICINES 2020; 7:medicines7110069. [PMID: 33182572 PMCID: PMC7696458 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. (Menispermaceae) is a perennial climber distributed mostly in tropical and subtropical areas. The main aim of this article is to collect and analyze the scientific information related to traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Methods: Scientific information on C. hirsutus was retrieved from the online bibliographic databases (e.g. MEDLINE/PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus). Information regarding traditional uses was also acquired from secondary resources including books and proceedings. Results: Different plant parts of C. hirsutus were reported to be used for the treatment of fever, skin diseases, stomach disorders and urinary diseases. Alkaloids such as jasminitine, hirsutine, cohirsitine and their derivatives along with a few flavonoids, triterpene derivatives and volatile compounds were reported from whole plant or different plant parts. Extracts were evaluated for their antimicrobial, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective activities among others. Conclusion: Although widely used in traditional medicines, only a few studies have been performed related to chemical constituents. Most of the biological activity evaluations were carried out using in vitro evaluation methods and only a few studies were carried out in animal models. In the future, properly designed in vivo and clinical studies are necessary to evaluate the pharmacological activities of C. hirsutus along with bioassay-guided studies to isolate and identify the active constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Logesh
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytopharmacy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland’s, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar College, Belonia 799155, Tripura, India;
| | - Anjana Adhikari-Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
- Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health life Sciences: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Kumar D, Kumar P, Singh H, Agrawal V. Biocontrol of mosquito vectors through herbal-derived silver nanoparticles: prospects and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:25987-26024. [PMID: 32385820 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mosquitoes spread several life-threatening diseases such as malaria, filaria, dengue, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile fever, chikungunya, and yellow fever and are associated with millions of deaths every year across the world. However, insecticides of synthetic origin are conventionally used for controlling various vector-borne diseases but they have various associated drawbacks like impact on non-targeted species, negative effects on the environment, and development of resistance in vector species by alteration of the target site. Plant extracts, phytochemicals, and their nanoformulations can serve as ovipositional attractants, insect growth regulators, larvicides, and repellents with least effects on the environment. Such plant-derived products exhibit broad-spectrum resistance against various mosquito species and are relatively cheaper, environmentally safer, biodegradable, easily accessible, and are non-toxic to non-targeted organisms. Therefore, in this review article, the current knowledge of phytochemical sources exhibiting larvicidal activity and their variations in response to solvents used for their extraction is underlined. Also, different methods such as physical, chemical, and biological for silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) synthesis, their mechanism of synthesis using plant extract, their potent larvicidal activity, and the possible mechanism by which these particles kill mosquito larvae are discussed. In addition, constraints related to commercialization of nanoherbal products at government and academic or research level and barriers from laboratory experiments to field trial have also been discussed. This comprehensive information can be gainfully employed for the development of herbal larvicidal formulations and nanopesticides against insecticide-resistant vector species in the near future. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, Delhi, 110077, India
- Medicinal Plant Biotechnology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, Delhi, 110077, India
| | - Himmat Singh
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, Delhi, 110077, India
| | - Veena Agrawal
- Medicinal Plant Biotechnology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Sukkanon C, Karpkird T, Saeung M, Leepasert T, Panthawong A, Suwonkerd W, Bangs MJ, Chareonviriyaphap T. Excito-repellency Activity of Andrographis paniculata (Lamiales: Acanthaceae) Against Colonized Mosquitoes. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 57:192-203. [PMID: 31550361 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Excito-repellency activity of plant extracts have been increasingly studied as mosquito repellents. In this study, the crude extract of Andrographis paniculata was evaluated for its noncontact repellency, contact excitation (irritancy + repellency), and knockdown/toxicity response against five colonized mosquitoes; Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), Anopheles dirus Peyton & Harrison, Anopheles epiroticus Linton & Harbach, and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) using an excito-repellency assay system under laboratory-controlled conditions. The escape responses were observed at four different concentrations (0.5-5.0% w/v) with A. paniculata showing strong spatial repellency against Ae. albopictus (96.7% escape) and Ae. aegypti (71.7% escape) at the 2.5% and 0.5% concentrations, respectively. At 0.5% and 5.0% concentrations, the greatest repellency was seen for An. dirus (48.2% escape) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (59.7% escape), respectively. Comparatively, low repellency action was observed against An. epiroticus (1.6-15.0% escape). Escape in contact assays (before adjustment) was generally less pronounced compared to noncontact spatial repellency, with Ae. albopictus showing highest percent escape (71.4% escape) in the contact assay at 1.0% concentration. After adjusting for spatial repellency, escape due to contact irritancy alone was either not present or an insignificant contribution to the overall avoidance response for all species. No knockdown or mortality at 24-h postexposure was observed in any trials. These findings indicate that the A. paniculata crude extract is more active against day-biting mosquitoes; however, this may be a reflection of the time of testing. This study demonstrates compelling evidence that A. paniculata extract performs primarily as a spatial repellent. Further investigations exploring the use A. paniculata as a potential active ingredient in repellent products are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutipong Sukkanon
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thitinun Karpkird
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Manop Saeung
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Theerachart Leepasert
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amonrat Panthawong
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wannapa Suwonkerd
- Office of Disease Prevention and Control #1, Ministry of Public Health, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Michael J Bangs
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Public Health & Malaria Control Department, PT Freeport Indonesia/International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua, Indonesia
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Pavela R, Maggi F, Iannarelli R, Benelli G. Plant extracts for developing mosquito larvicides: From laboratory to the field, with insights on the modes of action. Acta Trop 2019; 193:236-271. [PMID: 30711422 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, major research efforts have been done to investigate the insecticidal activity of plant-based products against mosquitoes. This is a modern and timely challenge in parasitology, aimed to reduce the frequent overuse of synthetic pesticides boosting resistance development in mosquitoes and causing serious threats to human health and environment. This review covers the huge amount of literature available on plant extracts tested as mosquito larvicides, particularly aqueous and alcoholic ones, due to their easy formulation in water without using surfactants. We analysed results obtained on more than 400 plant species, outlining that 29 of them have outstanding larvicidal activity (i.e., LC50 values below 10 ppm) against major vectors belonging to the genera Anopheles, Aedes and Culex, among others. Furthermore, synergistic and antagonistic effects between plant extracts and conventional pesticides, as well as among selected plant extracts are discussed. The efficacy of pure compounds isolated from the most effective plant extracts and - when available - their mechanism of action, as well as the impact on non-target species, is also covered. These belong to the following class of secondary metabolites: alkaloids, alkamides, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, sterols, flavonoids, coumarins, anthraquinones, xanthones, acetogenonins and aliphatics. Their mode of action on mosquito larvae ranges from neurotoxic effects to inhibition of detoxificant enzymes and larval development and/or midugut damages. In the final section, current drawbacks as well as key challenges for future research, including technologies to synergize efficacy and improve stability - thus field performances - of the selected plant extracts, are outlined. Unfortunately, despite the huge amount of laboratory evidences about their efficacy, only a limited number of studies was aimed to validate their efficacy in the field, nor the epidemiological impact potentially arising from these vector control operations has been assessed. This strongly limits the development of commercial mosquito larvicides of botanical origin, at variance with plant-borne products developed in the latest decades to kill or repel other key arthropod species of medical and veterinary importance (e.g., ticks and lice), as well as mosquito adults. Further research on these issues is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Pavela
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 06, Prague 6, Ruzyne, Czech Republic
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant'Agostino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Romilde Iannarelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, via Sant'Agostino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Piplani M, Bhagwat DP, Singhvi G, Sankaranarayanan M, Balana-Fouce R, Vats T, Chander S. Plant-based larvicidal agents: An overview from 2000 to 2018. Exp Parasitol 2019; 199:92-103. [PMID: 30836055 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Current review aims to systematically segregate, analyze and arrange the key findings of the scientific reports published on larvicidal plants including larvicidal formulations. The investigation was carried out by analyzing the published literature in various scientific databases, subsequently, the key findings of the selective scientific reports having larvicidal potency (LC50) of extract or isolated oil<100 μg/mL were tabulated to provide the concise and crucial information. Special emphasis was given on reports in which LC50 of extract or isolated oil was reported to be < 10 μg/mL, genus or species documented in multiple independent studies, advancement in larvicidal formulations and activity of isolated phytoconstituents. Extensive analysis of published literature revealed that the larvicidal potency of herbal resources varied from sub-microgram/ml to practically insignificant. Overall, this unprecedented summarized and arranged information can be utilized for design, development and optimization of herbal based formulation having potential larvicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Piplani
- School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen University, Atal Shiksha Kunj, Village Kalujhanda, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Deepak P Bhagwat
- School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen University, Atal Shiksha Kunj, Village Kalujhanda, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Murugesan Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Pilani, 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rafael Balana-Fouce
- Departmento de Ciencias Biomedicas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Leon, Leon, 24071, Spain
| | - Tarini Vats
- School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen University, Atal Shiksha Kunj, Village Kalujhanda, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Subhash Chander
- School of Pharmacy, Maharaja Agrasen University, Atal Shiksha Kunj, Village Kalujhanda, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India.
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Larvicidal effects of GC-MS fractions from leaf extracts of Cassia uniflora Mill non Spreng. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-018-9823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Barik M, Rawani A, Laskar S, Chandra G. Evaluation of mosquito larvicidal activity of fruit extracts of Acacia auriculiformis against the Japanese encephalitis vector Culex vishnui. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:1682-1686. [PMID: 29457745 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1428585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The larvicidal potentiality of crude and ethyl acetate extracts of fruits of Acacia auriculiformis was investigated against all the larval instars of JE vector Culex vishnui. The crude extracts showed good results against all the larval instars with highest mortality at 0.09%. Highest mortality was found at 300 ppm of ethyl acetate extract. Lowest LC50 value was obtained at 72 h for third instar larvae. Non target organisms tested, showed no to very less mortality to ethyl acetate solvent extract. Presence of N-H stretching, a C=O stretching, C=C and C-N stretching vibrations of secondary amide or amine group were confirmed from IR analysis. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of three compounds namely Ethane 2-chloro-1,1-dimethoxy, Acetic acid, 1-methyl ether ester and [4-[1-[3,5-Dimethyl-4[(trimethylsilyl)oxy)phenyl]-1,3-dimethylbutyl)-2,6dimethylphenoxy)(trimethyl) silane, responsible for mosquito larval death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Barik
- a Mosquito, Microbiology and Nanotechnology Research Units, Department of Zoology , The University of Burdwan , Burdwan , India
| | - Anjali Rawani
- a Mosquito, Microbiology and Nanotechnology Research Units, Department of Zoology , The University of Burdwan , Burdwan , India.,b Department of Zoology , University of Gour Banga , Malda , India
| | - Subrata Laskar
- c Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry , The University of Burdwan , Burdwan , India
| | - Goutam Chandra
- a Mosquito, Microbiology and Nanotechnology Research Units, Department of Zoology , The University of Burdwan , Burdwan , India
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Hikal WM, Baeshen RS, Said-Al Ahl HA. Botanical insecticide as simple extractives for pest control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2017.1404274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa M. Hikal
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Parasitology Laboratory, Water Pollution Researches Department, National Research Center, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Rowida S. Baeshen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein A.H. Said-Al Ahl
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Researches Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Sharma A, Kumar S, Tripathi P. Assessment of Achyranthes aspera induced toxicity and molecular analysis of RAPD-PCR profiles of larval genomic DNA of Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). J Parasit Dis 2017; 41:1066-1073. [PMID: 29114143 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-017-0935-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies investigated the anti-mosquito potential of Achyranthes aspera against the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti. The stems and leaves of A. aspera were extracted in hexane and evaluated for their toxicity against early fourth instars of A. aegypti. The larvicidal efficacy of the extract was validated as per WHO protocol. The mortality counts were made after 24 h and LC values were calculated at different levels. The adverse impact of extracts was also explored on the larval genomic DNA. The larvae were exposed to extracts at LC50 levels and the alterations in g-DNA was evaluated through RAPD-PCR technique using three random primers; MA-09, MA-12 and MA-26. Our investigations ascertained the larvicidal efficacy of both the leaf and stem extracts of A. aspera resulting in respective LC50 values of 0.068 and 0.082 mg/mL. The extracts also caused variable genotoxic effects with significant changes in the RAPD profiles. The results showed appreciable modifications in larval g-DNA with loss of certain bands and gain of unique bands with 82.35% DNA polymorphism. These alterations suggest the probable DNA damage and mutations in the larval g-DNA caused by certain phytocomponents which could be the possible reason of larval mortality. Our studies evidenced the anti-mosquito potential of A. aspera extracts against A. aegypti causing appreciable larval mortality and significant changes in g-DNA. The A. aspera extracts are suggested as efficient and eco-friendly control agent against A. aegypti, yet further investigations are needed to identify the bioactive constituent and ascertain its effectiveness in the field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sharma
- School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi, 110068 India
| | - Sarita Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019 India
| | - Pushplata Tripathi
- School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, Maidan Garhi, New Delhi, 110068 India
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Benelli G, Govindarajan M, Rajeswary M, Senthilmurugan S, Vijayan P, Alharbi NS, Kadaikunnan S, Khaled JM. Larvicidal activity of Blumea eriantha essential oil and its components against six mosquito species, including Zika virus vectors: the promising potential of (4E,6Z)-allo-ocimene, carvotanacetone and dodecyl acetate. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:1175-1188. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5395-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Aydın C, Mammadov R. Phenolic composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, larvacidal against Culex pipiens, and cytotoxic activities of Hyacinthella lineata steudel extracts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1236271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Aydın
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Mammadov
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
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16
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Veni T, Pushpanathan T, Mohanraj J. Larvicidal and ovicidal activity of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Family: Combretaceae) medicinal plant extracts against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus. J Parasit Dis 2016; 41:693-702. [PMID: 28848262 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect-borne diseases remain to this day a major source of illness and death worldwide. The resistance to chemical insecticides among mosquito species has been considered as a setback in vector control. Mosquito control programs, botanical origin may have the potential to eliminate eggs and larvae. So, the larvicidal and ovicidal activities of crude benzene, hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol extracts of Terminalia chebula were assayed for their toxicity against three important vector mosquitoes, viz., Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus. The larval mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. All extracts showed moderate larvicidal effects; however, the highest larval mortality was found in the methanol extract of T. chebula against the larvae of A. stephensi, A. aegypti, and C. quinquefasciatus with the LC50 values were 87.13, 93.24 and 111.98 ppm, respectively. Mean percent hatchability of the ovicidal activity was observed 48 h post treatment. The percent hatchability was inversely proportional to the concentration of extract and directly proportional to the eggs. All the five solvent extracts showed moderate ovicidal activity; however, the maximum egg mortality (zero hatchability) was observed in the methanol extract of T. chebula at 200 and 250 ppm against A. stephensi, A. aegypti and C. quinquefasciatus showed 100% mortality at 300 ppm. No mortality was recorded in the control. The finding of the present investigation revealed that the leaf extract of Terminalia chebula possesses remarkable larvicidal and ovicidal activity against medically important vector mosquitoes and make this plant product promising as an alternative to synthetic insecticide in mosquito control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangapandi Veni
- Department of Zoology, Kamaraj College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu 628003 India
| | - Thambusamy Pushpanathan
- Department of Zoology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu 627002 India
| | - Jeyaraj Mohanraj
- Department of Zoology, Kamaraj College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu 628003 India
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Munusamy RG, Appadurai DR, Kuppusamy S, Michael GP, Savarimuthu I. Ovicidal and larvicidal activities of some plant extracts against Aedes aegypti L. and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61070-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Nikkon F, Habib MR, Saud ZA, Karim MR. Tagetes erecta Linn. and its mosquitocidal potency against Culex quinquefasciatus. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 1:186-8. [PMID: 23569756 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate mosquitocidal effects of ethanolic extract of flowers of Tagetes erecta (T. erecta) and its chloroform and petroleum ether soluble fractions against the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus). METHODS The fresh flowers of T. erecta were extracted in cold with ethanol (5.0 L) and after concentration, the ethanol extract was fractionated with chloroform and petroleum ether to afford a brownish syrupy suspension of ethanol extract (50.0 g), petroleum ether soluble fraction (18.6 g) and chloroform soluble fraction (23.8 g). The larvicidal effect of ethanol extract and their solvent fractions were determined by the standard procedure of WHO against different instars of Cx. quinquefasciatus. RESULTS Among the tested samples the chloroform soluble fractions showed the highest toxicity and consequently, the lowest LC50 values (14.14 µg/mL, 17.06 µg/mL, 36.88 µg/mL and 75.48 µg/mL) for all the instars larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The larvae showed comparative tolerance in the course of increasing age and time. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the flowers of T. erecta are very effective natural larvicide and could be useful against Cx. quinquefasciatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farjana Nikkon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh
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Jayaraman M, Senthilkumar A, Venkatesalu V. Evaluation of some aromatic plant extracts for mosquito larvicidal potential against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:1511-8. [PMID: 25630696 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, larvicidal potential of hexane, choloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of seven aromatic plants, viz., Blumea mollis, Chloroxylon swietenia, Clausena anisata, Feronia limnonia, Lantana camera, Plectranthus amboinicus, and Tagetes erecta were screened against Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti, and Anopheles stephensi. The larval mortality was observed after 12 and 24 h of exposure period. The results revealed that all the extracts showed varied levels of larvicidal activity against the mosquito species tested. However, the ethyl acetate extract of Chloroxylon swietenia showed the remarkable larvicidal activity against C. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti, and An. stephensi. After 12 h of exposure period, the larvicidal activity was LC50 = 194.22 and LC90 = 458.83 ppm (C. quinquefasciatus), LC50 = 173.04 and LC90 = 442.73 ppm (Ae. aegypti), and LC50 = 167.28 and LC90 = 433.07 ppm (An. stephensi), and the larvicidal activity after 24-h exposure period was LC50 = 94.12 and LC90 = 249.83 ppm (C. quinquefasciatus), LC50 = 80.58 and LC90 = 200.96 ppm (Ae. aegypti), and LC50 = 76.24 and LC90 = 194.51 ppm (An. stephensi). The larvicidal potential of other plant extracts were in order of ethyl acetate extract of Clausena anisata > methanol extract of P. amboinicus > acetone extract of F. limonia > methanol extract of T. erecta > methanol extract of B. mollis > and methanol extract of L. camera. The results of the present study offer a possible way for further investigations to find out the active molecule responsible for the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jayaraman
- Department of Botany, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Ramkumar G, Karthi S, Muthusamy R, Natarajan D, Shivakumar MS. Adulticidal and smoke toxicity of Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) plant extracts against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus. Parasitol Res 2014; 114:167-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Larvicidal Activity of Colocasia esculenta, Eclipta prostrata and Wrightia tinctoria Leaf Extract Against Culex quinquefasciatus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-014-0423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Prathibha KP, Raghavendra BS, Vijayan VA. Larvicidal, ovicidal, and oviposition-deterrent activities of four plant extracts against three mosquito species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:6736-6743. [PMID: 24562451 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In mosquito control programs, insecticides of botanical origin have the potential to eliminate eggs, larvae, and adults. So, the larvicidal, ovicidal, and oviposition-deterrent activities of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of Eugenia jambolana, Solidago canadensis, Euodia ridleyi, and Spilanthes mauritiana were assayed against the three vector mosquito species, namely Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus. The larval bioassay was conducted following the World Health Organization method. The maximum larval mortality was found with ethyl acetate extract of S. mauritiana against the larvae of A. stephensi, A. aegypti, and C. quinquefasciatus with LC50 values of 11.51, 28.1, 14.10 ppm, respectively. The mean percent hatchability of the ovicidal activity was observed at 48-h post-treatment. The percent hatchability was found to be inversely proportional to the concentration of the extract and directly proportional to the number of eggs. The flower head extract of S. mauritiana gave 100% mortality followed by E. ridleyi, S. canadensis, and E. jambolana against the eggs of the three mosquito vectors. For oviposition-deterrent effect, out of the five concentrations tested (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 ppm), the concentration of 100 ppm showed a significant egg laying-deterrent capacity. The oviposition activity index value of E. jambolana, E. ridleyi, S. canadensis, and S. mauritiana against A. aegypti, A. stephensi, C. quinquefasciatus at 100 ppm were -0.71, -0.71, -0.90, -0.93, -0.85, -0.91, -1, -1, -0.71, -0.85, -1, and -1, respectively. These results suggest that the leaf/flower extracts of certain local plants have the potential to be developed as possible eco-friendly means for the control of mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Prathibha
- Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri, Mysore, Karnataka, 570006, India,
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Larvicidal potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Leucas aspera leaf extracts against dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:1673-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3811-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Ovicidal, larvicidal and adulticidal properties of Asparagus racemosus (Willd.) (Family: Asparagaceae) root extracts against filariasis (Culex quinquefasciatus), dengue (Aedes aegypti) and malaria (Anopheles stephensi) vector mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2014; 113:1435-49. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Suganya G, Karthi S, Shivakumar MS. Larvicidal potential of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Leucas aspera leaf extracts against dengue vector Aedes aegypti. Parasitol Res 2013; 113:875-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3718-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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26
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Govindarajan M, Sivakumar R. Larvicidal, ovicidal, and adulticidal efficacy of Erythrina indica (Lam.) (Family: Fabaceae) against Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti, and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2013; 113:777-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Efficacy of larvicidal and pupicidal activity of Catharanthus roseus aqueous and solvent extracts against Anopheles stephensi Liston and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2013; 6:625-30. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(13)60107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Larvicidal activity of Cyclamen (Myrsinaceae) extracts against the larvae of West Nile virus vector Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae). ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2013; 6:449-52. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(13)60072-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Renugadevi G, Ramanathan T, Shanmuga PR, Thirunavukkarasu P. Studies on effects of Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) and Andrographis lineata nees (Family: Acanthaceae) extracts against two mosquitoes Culex quinquefasciatus (Say.) and Aedes aegypti (Linn.). ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2013; 6:176-9. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(13)60019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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30
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Sharma G, Kumar K, Sharma A, Agrawal V. Bioassay of Artemisia annua leaf extracts and artemisinin against larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2012; 28:317-319. [PMID: 23393756 DOI: 10.2987/12-6275r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Using in vitro bioassays, we evaluated the crude methanol, ethanol, chloroform, and acetone leaf extracts of Artemisia annua as well as pure artemisinin against late 3rd and early 4th instars of Culex quinquefasciatus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Based on the lethal concentration for 50% mortality (LC50) and lethal concentration for 90% mortality (LC90) values, the chloroform leaf extract was the most toxic, followed by methanol, ethanol, and acetone. The LC50 and LC90 values for chloroform extract were 0.18 and 9.65 ppm against Cx. quinquefasciatus and 0.91 and 8.73 ppm against Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, respectively. The LC50 and LC90 values for artemisinin, dissolved in chloroform, were significantly higher, 14.31 and 296.39 ppm for Cx. quinquefasciatus and 4.13 and 50.36 ppm for Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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31
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Panneerselvam C, Murugan K. Adulticidal, repellent, and ovicidal properties of indigenous plant extracts against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2012. [PMID: 23192528 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3185-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases with an economic impact create loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates. Mosquito control is facing a threat because of the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. Extracts from plants may be alternative sources of mosquito control agents because they constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds that are biodegradable into nontoxic products and potentially suitable for use to control mosquitoes. Insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable alternative biocontrol techniques in the future. In view of the recently increased interest in developing plant origin insecticides as an alternative to chemical insecticide, this study was undertaken to assess the adulticidal, repellent, and ovicidal potential of the crude hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, aqueous, and methanol solvent extracts from the medicinal plants Andrographis paniculata, Cassia occidentalis, and Euphorbia hirta against the medically important mosquito vector, Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae).The adult mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. All extracts showed moderate adulticide effects; however, the highest adult mortality was found in methanol extract of A. paniculata followed by C. occidentalis and E. hirta against the adults of A. stephensi with LC(50) and LC(90) values of 210.30, 225.91, and 263.91 ppm and 527.31, 586.36, and 621.91 ppm, respectively. The results of the repellent activity of hexane, ethyl acetate, benzene, aqueous, and methanol extract of A. paniculata, C. occidentalis, and E. hirta plants at three different concentrations of 1.0, 3.0, and 6.0 mg/cm(2) were applied on skin of forearm in man and exposed against adult female mosquitoes. In this observation, these three plant crude extracts gave protection against mosquito bites without any allergic reaction to the test person, and also, the repellent activity is dependent on the strength of the plant extracts. Mean percent hatchability of the ovicidal activity was observed 48 h post-treatment. The percent hatchability was inversely proportional to the concentration of extract and directly proportional to the eggs. Mortality of 100 % with methanol extract of A. paniculata exerted at 150 ppm and aqueous, methanol extract of C. occidentalis and E. hirta were exerted at 300 ppm. These results suggest that the leaf extracts of A. paniculata, C. occidentalis, and E. hirta have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the A. stephensi. Further detailed research is needed to identify the active ingredient in the extracts and implement the effective mosquito management program.
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Govinda HV, Asdaq SMB. Immunomodulatory Potential of Methanol Extract of Aegle marmelos in Animals. Indian J Pharm Sci 2012; 73:235-40. [PMID: 22303072 PMCID: PMC3267313 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.91571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current research was to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of methanol extract of Aegle marmelos in an experimental animal model of cellular and humoral immunity. Administration of methanol extract of Aegle marmelos (500 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) and Ocimum sanctum (100 mg/kg, p.o.), produced significant increase in adhesion of neutrophils and an increase in phagocytic index in carbon clearance assay. Both doses of Aegle marmelos prevented the mortality induced by bovine Pasteurella multocida in mice. Moreover, all treated groups demonstrated significant elevation in circulating antibody titre in the indirect haemagglunation test. From the above results, it can be concluded that methanol extract of Aegle marmelos possess immunomodulatory potential by stimulating cellular and humoral immune mechanisms. However, low dose of methanol extract of Aegle marmelos was more effective for augmenting cellular immunity, whereas, high dose was more inclined towards humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H V Govinda
- Department of Pharmacology, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Varthur Hobli, Chikkabellandur Village, Carmalaram Post, Bangalore-560 035, India
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Kamaraj C, Kaushik NK, Rahuman AA, Mohanakrishnan D, Bagavan A, Elango G, Zahir AA, Santhoshkumar T, Marimuthu S, Jayaseelan C, Kirthi AV, Rajakumar G, Velayutham K, Sahal D. Antimalarial activities of medicinal plants traditionally used in the villages of Dharmapuri regions of South India. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 141:796-802. [PMID: 22433533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE An ethnopharmacological investigation of medicinal plants traditionally used to treat diseases associated with fevers in Dharmapuri region of South India was undertaken. Twenty four plants were identified and evaluated for their in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum and assessed for cytotoxicity against HeLa cell line. AIM OF THE STUDY This antimalarial in vitro study was planned to correlate and validate the traditional usage of medicinal plants against malaria. MATERIALS AND METHODS An ethnobotanical survey was made in Dharmapuri region, Tamil Nadu, India to identify plants used in traditional medicine against fevers. Selected plants were extracted with ethyl acetate and methanol and evaluated for antimalarial activity against erythrocytic stages of chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive 3D7 and CQ-resistant INDO strains of Plasmodium falciparum in culture using the fluorescence-based SYBR Green I assay. Cytotoxicity was determined against HeLa cells using MTT assay. RESULTS Promising antiplasmodial activity was found in Aegle marmelos [leaf methanol extract (ME) (IC(50)=7 μg/mL] and good activities were found in Lantana camara [leaf ethyl acetate extract (EAE) IC(50)=19 μg/mL], Leucas aspera (flower EAE IC(50)=12.5 μg/mL), Momordica charantia (leaf EAE IC(50)=17.5 μg/mL), Phyllanthus amarus (leaf ME IC(50)=15 μg/mL) and Piper nigrum (seed EAE IC(50)=12.5 μg/mL). The leaf ME of Aegle marmelos which showed the highest activity against Plasmodium falciparum elicited low cytotoxicity (therapeutic index>13). CONCLUSION These results provide validation for the traditional usage of some medicinal plants against malaria in Dharmapuri region, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnaperumal Kamaraj
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam 632509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Marimuthu G, Rajamohan S, Mohan R, Krishnamoorthy Y. Larvicidal and ovicidal properties of leaf and seed extracts of Delonix elata (L.) Gamble (Family: Fabaceae) against malaria (Anopheles stephensi Liston) and dengue (Aedes aegypti Linn.) (Diptera: Culicidae) vector mosquitoes. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:65-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Samidurai K. Mosquito larvicidal and ovicidal properties of Pemphis acidula Frost. (Lythraceae) against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Tennyson S, Ravindran KJ, Arivoli S. Bioefficacy of botanical insecticides against the dengue and chikungunya vector Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Das D, Chandra G. Mosquito larvicidal activity of Rauvolfia serpentina L. seeds against Culex quinquefasciatus Say. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2012; 5:42-5. [DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Madhumitha G, Rajakumar G, Roopan SM, Rahuman AA, Priya KM, Saral AM, Khan FRN, Khanna VG, Velayutham K, Jayaseelan C, Kamaraj C, Elango G. Acaricidal, insecticidal, and larvicidal efficacy of fruit peel aqueous extract of Annona squamosa and its compounds against blood-feeding parasites. Parasitol Res 2011; 111:2189-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Santhoshkumar T, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A, Kirthi AV, Marimuthu S, Jayaseelan C, Kamaraj C, Zahir AA, Elango G, Rajakumar G, Velayutham K. Efficacy of adulticidal and larvicidal properties of botanical extracts against Haemaphysalis bispinosa, Hippobosca maculata, and Anopheles subpictus. Parasitol Res 2011; 111:1833-40. [PMID: 21861064 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2608-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the adulticidal and larvicidal activity of dried leaf hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of Nelumbo nucifera, Manilkara zapota, Ipomoea staphylina, and Acalypha indica against the adults of Haemaphysalis bispinosa (Acarina: Ixodidae), hematophagous fly Hippobosca maculata (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), and fourth instar larvae of malaria vector Anopheles subpictus (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasites were exposed to varying concentrations of plant extracts for 24 h. All extracts showed moderate parasitic effects; however, the percent parasitic mortality observed in the crude leaf hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of N. nucifera and M. zapota against H. bispinosa were 80, 74, 72, and 100 and 100, 83, 74, and 91, respectively, and the activity for I. staphylina and A. indica against Hip. maculata were 100, 93, 87, and 66 and 78, 90, 87, and 100 at 2,000 ppm, respectively; the larvicidal activity for the same extracts of I. staphylina against A. subpictus were 76, 82, 84, and 100 at 100 ppm, respectively. The maximum efficacy was observed in the leaf methanol extract of N. nucifera, hexane extract of M. zapota and leaf hexane extract of I. staphylina, and methanol extract of A. indica against the adults of H. bispinosa and Hip. maculata with LC(50) and LC(90) values of 437.14 and 200.81, and 415.14 and 280.72 ppm, 1,927.57 and 703.52 ppm, and 1,647.70 and 829.39 ppm, respectively. The effective larvicidal activity was observed in leaf methanol extract of I. staphylina against A. subpictus with LC(50) and LC(90) values of 10.39 and 37.71 ppm, respectively. Therefore, this study provides the first report on the adulticidal and larvicidal activity of crude solvent extracts. This is an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of H. bispinosa, Hip. maculata, and the medically important vector A. subpictus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thirunavukkarasu Santhoshkumar
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, 632 509, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Xiao XM, Hu ZN, Shi BJ, Wei SP, Wu WJ. Larvicidal activity of lignans from Phryma leptostachya L. against Culex pipiens pallens. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:1079-84. [PMID: 21858479 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2591-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The larvicidal activity of crude petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of the whole plants of Phryma leptostachya L. was assayed for its toxicity against the early fourth instar larvae of Culex pipiens pallens. The larval mortality was observed after 24 h of exposure. Among three solvent extracts from Phyrma leptostachya L., the petroleum ether extract exhibited the best larvicidal activity. The corresponding LC₅₀ values of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts were 3.23, 5.23, and 61.86 ppm against the early fourth instar larvae of Culex pipiens pallens. The petroleum ether extract was successively subjected to column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography, and yielded the three lignans, phrymarolin-I, haedoxane A, and haedoxane E, which were isolated and identified as new mosquito larvicidal compounds. Phrymarolin-I, haedoxane A, and haedoxane E showed high larvicidal activity, for which the lethal doses LC₅₀ were estimated at 1.21, 0.025, and 0.15 ppm against the early fourth instar larvae of Culex pipiens pallens, respectively. The structures were elucidated by analyses of IR, UV, MS, and NMR spectral data. This is the first report on the mosquito larvicidal activity of the three compounds, phrymarolin-I, haedoxane A, and haedoxane E from Phyrma leptostachya L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-min Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles using Eclipta prostrata leaf extract against filariasis and malaria vectors. Acta Trop 2011; 118:196-203. [PMID: 21419749 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. Use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. Insecticides of synthesized natural products for vector control have been a priority in this area. In this study, larvicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing aqueous extract from Eclipta prostrata, a member of the Asteraceae was investigated against fourth instar larvae of filariasis vector, Culex quinquefasciatus say and malaria vector, Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera: Culicidae). The synthesized AgNPs characterized by UV-vis spectrum, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). SEM analyses of the synthesized AgNPs were clearly distinguishable measured 35-60 nm in size. Larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of aqueous extract of synthesized AgNPs for 24h. The maximum efficacy was observed in crude aqueous, and synthesized AgNPs against C. quinquefasciatus (LC(50)=27.49 and 4.56 mg/L; LC(90)=70.38 and 13.14 mg/L), and against A. subpictus (LC(50)=27.85 and 5.14 mg/L; LC(90)=71.45 and 25.68 mg/L) respectively. The chi-square value were significant at p<0.05 level. These results suggest that the synthesized AgNPs have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the Culex tritaeniorhynchus and A. subpictus. This method is considered as a new approach to control vectors. Therefore, this study provides first report on the mosquito larvicidal activity of synthesized AgNPs against vectors.
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Biolarvicidal compound gymnemagenol isolated from leaf extract of miracle fruit plant, Gymnema sylvestre (Retz) Schult against malaria and filariasis vectors. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:1373-86. [PMID: 21537987 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the fact that the application of synthetic larvicide has envenomed the surroundings as well as non-target organisms, natural products of plant origin with insecticidal properties have been tried as an indigenous method for the control of a variety of insect pests and vectors in the recent past. Insecticides of plant origin have been extensively used on agricultural pests and, to a very limited extent, against insect vectors of public health importance, which deserve careful and thorough screening. The use of plant extracts for insect control has several appealing features as these are generally more biodegradable, less hazardous and a rich storehouse of chemicals of diverse biological activities. Moreover, herbal sources give a lead for discovering new insecticides. Therefore, biologically active plant materials have attracted considerable interest in mosquito control study in recent times. The crude leaf extracts of Gymnema sylvestre (Retz) Schult (Asclepiadaceae) and purified gymnemagenol compound were studied against the early fourth-instar larvae of Anopheles subpictus Grassi and Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae). In the present study, bioassay-guided fractionation of petroleum ether leaf extract of G. sylvestre led to the separation and identification of gymnemagenol as a potential new antiparasitic compound. Phytochemical analysis of G. sylvestre leaves revealed the presence of active constituents such as carbohydrates, saponins, phytosterols, phenols, flavonoids and tannins. However, cardiac glycosides and phlobatannins are absent in the plant extracts. Quantitative analysis results suggested that saponin (5%) was present in a high concentration followed by tannins (1.0%). The 50 g powder was loaded on silica gel column and eluted with chloroform-methanol-water as eluents. From that, 16 mg pure saponin compound was isolated and analysed by thin layer chromatography using chloroform and methanol as the solvent systems. The structure of the purified triterpenoid fraction was established from infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), (13)C NMR and mass spectral data. The carbon skeleton of the compound was obtained by (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The chemical shift assignments obtained for gymnemagenol from (1)H NMR correspond to the molecular formula C(30)H(50)O(4). The compound was identified as 3β, 16β, 28, 29-tetrahydroxyolean-12-ene (gymnemagenol sapogenin). Parasite larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of purified compound gymnemagenol for 24 h. The results suggested that the larval mortality effects of the compound were 28%, 69%, 100% and 31%, 63%, 100% at 6, 12 and 24 h against A. subpictus and C. quinquefasciatus, respectively. In the present study, the per cent mortality were 100, 86, 67, 36, 21 and 100, 78, 59, 38 and 19 observed in the concentrations of 1,000, 500, 250, 125 and 62.75 ppm against the fourth-instar larvae of A. subpitcus and C. quinquefasciatus, respectively. The purified compound gymnemagenol was tested in concentrations of 80, 40, 20, 10 and 5 ppm, and the per cent mortality were 100, 72, 53, 30 and 15 against A. subpitcus and 100, 89, 61, 42 and 30 against C. quinquefasciatus, respectively. The larvicidal crude leaf extract of G. sylvestre showed the highest mortality in the concentration of 1,000 ppm against the larvae of A. subpictus (LC(50) = 166.28 ppm, r (2) = 0.807) and against the larvae of C. quinquefasciatus (LC(50) = 186.55 ppm, r (2) = 0.884), respectively. The maximum efficacy was observed in gymnemagenol compound with LC(50) and r (2) values against the larvae of A. subpictus (22.99 ppm, 0.922) and against C. quinquefasciatus (15.92 ppm, 0.854), respectively. The control (distilled water) showed nil mortality in the concurrent assay.
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Prodigiosin produced by Serratia marcescens NMCC46 as a mosquito larvicidal agent against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:1179-87. [PMID: 21451991 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2365-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial control agents offer alternatives to chemical pest control as they can be more selective than chemical insecticides. The present study evaluates the mosquito larvicidal potential of microbial pigment prodigiosin produced by Serratia marcescens NMCC46 against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. The pigment of S. marcescens NMCC46 was extracted after 24 h from mannitol containing nutrient broth media. The effects of crude extracted pigment on the growth, survival, development, and other life cycle aspects were studied. The LC(50) and LC(90) values of second, third, and fourth instars of A. aegypti (LC(50) = 41.65, 139.51, 103.95; LC(90) = 117.81, 213.68, 367.82) and A. stephensi (LC(50) = 51.12, 105.52, 133.07; LC(90) = 134.81, 204.45, 285.35) were determined. At higher concentration (500 ppm), mortality starts within first 6 h of exposure. More than 50% mortality occurs within the first 24 h. The overall observed effects against A. aegypti and A. stephensi larvae after 48 h were increasing percent survival larvae, survival pupation, adult emergence with decreasing crude pigment extract concentration. These ensure that the resultant mosquito population reduction is substantial even where the larvicidal potential is minimal. The UV (λ (max) = 536 nm), TLC (Rf = 0.9), HPLC, and FTIR analysis of crude pigment shows the presence of prodigiosin as active compound. Thus, the active compound produced by this species would be more useful against vectors responsible for diseases of public health importance. This is the first report on mosquito larvicidal activity of prodigiosin produced by Serratia species.
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Elango G, Rahuman AA, Kamaraj C, Bagavan A, Zahir AA. Screening for feeding deterrent activity of herbal extracts against the larvae of malaria vector Anopheles subpictus Grassi. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:715-26. [PMID: 21373809 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This no-choice, laboratory study focuses on the feeding of homogeneous powdered, dried, yeast with different plant extracts on mosquito fourth-instar larvae to determine the effects on their mortality. Screening for antifeedant activity of plant extracts with some known medicinal attributes could lead to the discovery of new agents for vector control. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifeedant activity of crude leaf hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of Andrographis lineata Wallich ex Nees. (Acanthaceae), Anisomeles malabarica (L.) Sims. (Lamiaceae), Argemone mexicana L. (Papaveraceae), Aristolochia bracteolata Lam. (Aristolochiaceae), Chrysanthemum indium L. (Asteraceae), Datura metal L. (Solanaceae), Eclipta prostrata L. (Asteraceae), and Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. (Fibaceae) against the fourth-instar larvae of Anopheles subpictus Grassi (Diptera:Culicidae). All the crude extracts showed antifeedant activity in a dose-dependent manner. The plant extracts exhibited a significant antifeedant activity after 24 and 48 h of exposure; however, the highest larval mortality was found in leaf ethyl acetate extract of A. malabarica, acetone extract E. prostrata, methanol extract of A. lineata, C. indium, and S. grandiflora after 24 h (LC(50) = 2.53, 2.82, 2.31, 2.56, and 2.08 mg/mL; LC(90) = 6.40, 8.06, 7.45, 6.98, and 6.20 mg/mL), respectively. The hexane extract of A. lineata, D. metal, methanol extract of A. bracteolata and E. prostrata showed larval mortality after 48 h (LC(50) = 3.05, 2.11, 3.00, and 2.18 mg/mL; LC(90) = 9.06, 6.22, 8.23, and 5.77 mg/mL), respectively. One hundred percent larval mortality was observed in methanol extract of A. lineata, and C. indium after 24 h and the hexane extract of A. lineata and D. metal after 48 h at 10 mg/100 mL. The methanol extracts of A. lineata and C. indium significantly increased larval mortality in comparison to larvae fed with untreated diet. Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is widely accepted as a biological pesticide because of its highly specific activity against dipteran insects without adverse effects on other organisms. The feeding deterrent activity of different herbal extracts against the larvae of malaria vector A. subpictus exhibited significantly lower toxicity compare with the bio larvicides, B. thuringiensis. These results suggest that the methanol extract of A. lineata, C. indium, the hexane extract of A. lineata and D. metal have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of the medically important vector A. subpictus. These findings corroborate traditional insecticidal application of selected plants and the results can be extended for the control of mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandhi Elango
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, 632 509, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Namsa ND, Mandal M, Tangjang S. Anti-malarial herbal remedies of northeast India, Assam: an ethnobotanical survey. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:565-72. [PMID: 21029768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria is a serious public health problem in the north-eastern region of India including Assam, in view of development of chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum. There is need for alternative and affordable therapy. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to document indigenous knowledge, usage customs and practices of medicinal plant species traditionally used by the residents of Sonitpur district of Tezpur, Assam to treat malaria and its associated symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 50 randomly selected sampling represented by male (38.76%) and female respondents (12.24%) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS The present ethno-botanical survey revealed 22 species of plants belonging to 17 botanical families were reported to be used exclusively in this region for the treatment of malaria. Verbenaceae (three species), Menispermaceae (two species), and Acanthaceae (two species) botanical families represented the species that are most commonly cited in this survey work and the detailed use of plants has been collected and described. CONCLUSIONS The most serious threat to the existing knowledge and practice on traditional medicinal plants included cultural change, particularly the influence of modernization and lack of interests shown by the next younger generations were the main problems reported by the informants during the field survey. Hence, the proper documentation of traditional medicinal plants being used as anti-malarial agents and related indigenous knowledge held by the tribal community is an important approach to control the spread of vector-borne diseases like malaria reported in this survey work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima D Namsa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784 028, Assam, India.
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Bagavan A, Rahuman AA. Evaluation of larvicidal activity of medicinal plant extracts against three mosquito vectors. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2011; 4:29-34. [PMID: 21771411 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(11)60027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the mosquito larvicidal activity of plant extracts. METHODS The hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol leaf, flower and seed extracts of Abrus precatorius (A. precatorius), Croton bonplandianum (C. bonplandianum), Cynodon dactylon (C. dactylon), Musa paradisiaca (M. paradisiaca) and Syzygium aromaticum (S. aromaticum) were tested against fourth instar larvae of Anopheles vagus (An. vagus), Armigeres subalbatus (Ar. subalbatus) and Culex vishnui (Cx. vishnui). RESULTS The highest larval mortality was found in seed ethyl acetate extracts of A. precatorius and leaf extracts of C. bonplandianum, flower chloroform and methanol extracts of M. paradisiaca, and flower bud hexane extract of S. aromaticum against An. vagus with LC(50) values of 19.31, 39.96, 35.18, 79.90 and 85.90 μg/mL; leaf ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of C. dactylon, flower methanol extract of M. paradisiaca, flower bud methanol extract of S. aromaticum against Ar. subalbatus with LC(50) values of 21.67, 32.62, 48.90 and 78.28 μg/mL, and seed methanol of A. precatorius, flower methanol extract of M. paradisiaca, flower bud hexane extract of S. aromaticum against Cx. vishnui with LC(50) values of 136.84, 103.36 and 149.56 μg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the effective plant crude extracts have the potential to be used as an ideal ecofriendly approach for the control of disease vectors. This study provides the first report on the larvicidal activity of crude solvent extracts of different mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bagavan
- Unit of Nanotechnology and Bioactive Natural Products, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India
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Evaluation of indigenous plant extracts against the malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi (Liston) (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 2010; 109:93-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Anthelmintic activity of botanical extracts against sheep gastrointestinal nematodes, Haemonchus contortus. Parasitol Res 2010; 109:37-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Efficacy of medicinal plant extracts against malarial vector, Anopheles subpictus Grassi. Parasitol Res 2010; 108:1437-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Patil CD, Patil SV, Salunke BK, Salunkhe RB. Bioefficacy of Plumbago zeylanica (Plumbaginaceae) and Cestrum nocturnum (Solanaceae) plant extracts against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicide) and nontarget fish Poecilia reticulata. Parasitol Res 2010; 108:1253-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-2174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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