1
|
Naveed S, Toyinbo J, Ingole H, Valavanur Shekar P, Jones M, Campbell BT, Rustgi S. Development of High-Yielding Upland Cotton Genotypes with Reduced Regrowth after Defoliation Using a Combination of Molecular and Conventional Approaches. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2081. [PMID: 38003024 PMCID: PMC10671241 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton is an economically important crop. However, the yield gain in cotton has stagnated over the years, probably due to its narrow genetic base. The introgression of beneficial variations through conventional and molecular approaches has helped broaden its genetic base to some extent. The growth habit of cotton is one of the crucial factors that determine crop maturation time, yield, and management. This study used 44 diverse upland cotton genotypes to develop high-yielding cotton germplasm with reduced regrowth after defoliation and early maturity by altering its growth habit from perennial to somewhat annual. We selected eight top-scoring genotypes based on the gene expression analysis of five floral induction and meristem identity genes (FT, SOC1, LFY, FUL, and AP1) and used them to make a total of 587 genetic crosses in 30 different combinations of these genotypes. High-performance progeny lines were selected based on the phenotypic data on plant height, flower and boll numbers per plant, boll opening date, floral clustering, and regrowth after defoliation as surrogates of annual growth habit, collected over four years (2019 to 2022). Of the selected lines, 8×5-B3, 8×5-B4, 9×5-C1, 8×9-E2, 8×9-E3, and 39×5-H1 showed early maturity, and 20×37-K1, 20×37-K2, and 20×37-D1 showed clustered flowering, reduced regrowth, high quality of fiber, and high lint yield. In 2022, 15 advanced lines (F8/F7) from seven cross combinations were selected and sent for an increase to a Costa Rica winter nursery to be used in advanced testing and for release as germplasm lines. In addition to these breeding lines, we developed molecular resources to breed for reduced regrowth after defoliation and improved yield by converting eight expression-trait-associated SNP markers we identified earlier into a user-friendly allele-specific PCR-based assay and tested them on eight parental genotypes and an F2 population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salman Naveed
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC 29506, USA; (S.N.); (J.T.); (H.I.); (P.V.S.); (M.J.)
- USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA
| | - Johnson Toyinbo
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC 29506, USA; (S.N.); (J.T.); (H.I.); (P.V.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Hrishikesh Ingole
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC 29506, USA; (S.N.); (J.T.); (H.I.); (P.V.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Prasanna Valavanur Shekar
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC 29506, USA; (S.N.); (J.T.); (H.I.); (P.V.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Michael Jones
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC 29506, USA; (S.N.); (J.T.); (H.I.); (P.V.S.); (M.J.)
| | - B. Todd Campbell
- USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC 29501, USA;
| | - Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Florence, SC 29506, USA; (S.N.); (J.T.); (H.I.); (P.V.S.); (M.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Çelik S. Assessing Drought Tolerance in a Large Number of Upland Cotton Plants ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) under Different Irrigation Regimes at the Seedling Stage. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2067. [PMID: 37895448 PMCID: PMC10608038 DOI: 10.3390/life13102067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cotton plant is important since it provides raw materials for various industry branches. Even though cotton is generally drought-tolerant, it is affected negatively by long-term drought stress. The trial was conducted according to the applied experimental design as a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications to determine a panel of 93 cotton genotypes' genotypic responses against drought under controlled conditions in 2022. All genotypes were watered with 80 mL-1 of water (100% irrigation, field capacity) until three true leaves appeared, and then water stress was applied at a limited irrigation of 75% (60 mL-1), 50% (40 mL-1), and 25% (20 mL-1) of the field capacity. After the trial terminated at 52 days, the cv. G56, G44, G5, and G86 in RL; G1, G56, G44, G86, G51, and G88 in RFW; advanced line G5, followed by the cv. G56, advanced line G44, G75, and the cv. G90 in RDW; G44, followed by G86, the cv. G56, and elite lines G13 and G5 in NLRs were observed as drought-tolerant genotypes, respectively, while G35, G15, G26, G67, and G56 in SL; G15, G52, G60, G31, and G68 in SFW; G35, G52, G57, G41, and G60 in SDW show the highest drought tolerance means, respectively. In conclusion, the commercial varieties with high means in roots, namely G86, G56, G88, and G90, and the genotypes G67, G20, G60, and G57 showing tolerance in shoots, are suggested to be potential parent plants for developing cotton varieties resistant to drought. Using the cultivars found tolerant in the current study as parents in a drought-tolerant variety development marker-assisted selection (MAS) plant breeding program will increase the chance of success in reaching the target after genetic diversity analyses are performed. On the other hand, it is highly recommended to continue the plant breeding program with the G44, G30, G19, G1, G5, G75, G35, G15, G52, G29, and G76 genotypes, which show high tolerance in both root and shoot systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadettin Çelik
- Department of Forestry, Genç Vocational School, University of Bingol, Bingol 12500, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Liu J, Wang H, Khan A, Xu Y, Hou Y, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Zheng J, Liu F, Cai X. Genome wide identification of GDSL gene family explores a novel GhirGDSL26 gene enhancing drought stress tolerance in cotton. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:14. [PMID: 36609252 PMCID: PMC9824929 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-04001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current climate change scenarios are posing greater threats to the growth and development of plants. Thus, significant efforts are required that can mitigate the negative effects of drought on the cotton plant. GDSL esterase/lipases can offer an imperative role in plant development and stress tolerance. However, thesystematic and functional roles of the GDSL gene family, particularly in cotton under water deficit conditions have not yet been explored. RESULTS In this study, 103, 103, 99, 198, 203, 239, 249, and 215 GDSL proteins were identified in eight cotton genomes i.e., Gossypium herbaceum (A1), Gossypium arboretum (A2), Gossypium raimondii (D5), Gossypium hirsutum (AD1), Gossypium barbadense (AD2), Gossypium tomentosum (AD3), Gossypium mustelinum (AD4), Gossypium darwinii (AD5), respectively. A total of 198 GDSL genes of Gossypium hirsutum were divided into eleven clades using phylogenetic analysis, and the number of GhirGDSL varied among different clades. The cis-elements analysis showed that GhirGDSL gene expression was mainly related to light, plant hormones, and variable tense environments. Combining the results of transcriptome and RT-qPCR, GhirGDSL26 (Gh_A01G1774), a highly up-regulated gene, was selected for further elucidating its tole in drought stress tolerance via estimating physiological and biochemical parameters. Heterologous expression of the GhirGDSL26 gene in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in a higher germination and survival rates, longer root lengths, lower ion leakage and induced stress-responsive genes expression under drought stress. This further highlighted that overexpressed plants had a better drought tolerance as compared to the wildtype plants. Moreover, 3, 3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and Trypan staining results indicated reduced oxidative damage, less cell membrane damage, and lower ion leakage in overexpressed plants as compared to wild type. Silencing of GhirGDSL26 in cotton via VIGS resulting in a susceptible phenotype, higher MDA and H2O2 contents, lower SOD activity, and proline content. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that GhirGDSL26 plays a critical role in cotton drought stress tolerance. Current findings enrich our knowledge of GDSL genes in cotton and provide theoretical guidance and excellent gene resources for improving drought tolerance in cotton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Jiangna Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Heng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Aziz Khan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, 530005, Nanning, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yuqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China.
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Sanya, 572025, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, China.
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Sanya, 572025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo X, Wang Y, Hou Y, Zhou Z, Sun R, Qin T, Wang K, Liu F, Wang Y, Huang Z, Xu Y, Cai X. Genome-Wide Dissection of the Genetic Basis for Drought Tolerance in Gossypium hirsutum L. Races. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:876095. [PMID: 35837453 PMCID: PMC9274165 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.876095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought seriously threats the growth and development of Gossypium hirsutum L. To dissect the genetic basis for drought tolerance in the G. hirsutum L. germplasm, a population, consisting of 188 accessions of G. hirsutum races and a cultivar (TM-1), was genotyped using the Cotton80KSNP biochip, and 51,268 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained. Based on the phenotypic data of eight drought relative traits from four environments, we carried out association mapping with five models using GAPIT software. In total, thirty-six SNPs were detected significantly associated at least in two environments or two models. Among these SNPs, 8 and 28 (including 24 SNPs in 5 peak regions) were distributed in the A and D subgenome, respectively; eight SNPs were found to be distributed within separate genes. An SNP, TM73079, located on chromosome D10, was simultaneously associated with leaf fresh weight, leaf wilted weight, and leaf dry weight. Another nine SNPs, TM47696, TM33865, TM40383, TM10267, TM59672, TM59675, TM59677, TM72359, and TM72361, on chromosomes A13, A10, A12, A5, D6, and D9, were localized within or near previously reported quantitative trait loci for drought tolerance. Moreover, 520 genes located 200 kb up- and down-stream of 36 SNPs were obtained and analyzed based on gene annotation and transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that three candidate genes, Gh_D08G2462, Gh_A03G0043, and Gh_A12G0369, may play important roles in drought tolerance. The current GWAS represents the first investigation into mapping QTL for drought tolerance in G. hirsutum races and provides important information for improving cotton cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Guo
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Xinxiang, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Runrun Sun
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tengfei Qin
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Xinxiang, China
| | - Kunbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Zhongwen Huang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Key Laboratory Molecular Ecology and Germplasm Innovation of Cotton and Wheat, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Reddy KR, Bheemanahalli R, Saha S, Singh K, Lokhande SB, Gajanayake B, Read JJ, Jenkins JN, Raska DA, Santiago LMD, Hulse-Kemp AM, Vaughn RN, Stelly DM. High-Temperature and Drought-Resilience Traits among Interspecific Chromosome Substitution Lines for Genetic Improvement of Upland Cotton. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121747. [PMID: 33321878 PMCID: PMC7763690 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth and development during the pre-and post-flowering stages are susceptible to high temperature and drought. We report the field-based characterization of multiple morpho-physiological and reproductive stress resilience traits in 11 interspecific chromosome substitution (CS) lines isogenic to each other and the inbred G. hirsutum line TM-1. Significant genetic variability was detected (p < 0.001) in multiple traits in CS lines carrying chromosomes and chromosome segments from CS-B (G. barbadense) and CS-T (G. tomentosum). Line CS-T15sh had a positive effect on photosynthesis (13%), stomatal conductance (33%), and transpiration (24%), and a canopy 6.8 °C cooler than TM-1. The average pollen germination was approximately 8% greater among the CS-B than CS-T lines. Based on the stress response index, three CS lines are identified as heat- and drought-tolerant (CS-T07, CS-B15sh, and CS-B18). The three lines demonstrated enhanced photosynthesis (14%), stomatal conductance (29%), transpiration (13%), and pollen germination (23.6%) compared to TM-1 under field conditions, i.e., traits that would expectedly enhance performance in stressful environments. The generated phenotypic data and stress-tolerance indices on novel CS lines, along with phenotypic methods, would help in developing new cultivars with improved resilience to the effects of global warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kambham Raja Reddy
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (R.B.); (K.S.); (S.B.L.); (B.G.)
- Correspondence: (K.R.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Raju Bheemanahalli
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (R.B.); (K.S.); (S.B.L.); (B.G.)
| | - Sukumar Saha
- USDA-ARS, Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (J.J.R.); (J.N.J.)
- Correspondence: (K.R.R.); (S.S.)
| | - Kulvir Singh
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (R.B.); (K.S.); (S.B.L.); (B.G.)
| | - Suresh B. Lokhande
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (R.B.); (K.S.); (S.B.L.); (B.G.)
| | - Bandara Gajanayake
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (R.B.); (K.S.); (S.B.L.); (B.G.)
| | - John J. Read
- USDA-ARS, Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (J.J.R.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Johnie N. Jenkins
- USDA-ARS, Genetics and Sustainable Agriculture Research Unit, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; (J.J.R.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Dwaine A. Raska
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.A.R.); (L.M.D.S.); (A.M.H.-K.); (R.N.V.); (D.M.S.)
| | - Luis M. De Santiago
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.A.R.); (L.M.D.S.); (A.M.H.-K.); (R.N.V.); (D.M.S.)
| | - Amanda M. Hulse-Kemp
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.A.R.); (L.M.D.S.); (A.M.H.-K.); (R.N.V.); (D.M.S.)
- USDA-ARS, Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Robert N. Vaughn
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.A.R.); (L.M.D.S.); (A.M.H.-K.); (R.N.V.); (D.M.S.)
| | - David M. Stelly
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (D.A.R.); (L.M.D.S.); (A.M.H.-K.); (R.N.V.); (D.M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abdelraheem A, Thyssen GN, Fang DD, Jenkins JN, McCarty JC, Wedegaertner T, Zhang J. GWAS reveals consistent QTL for drought and salt tolerance in a MAGIC population of 550 lines derived from intermating of 11 Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) parents. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 296:119-129. [PMID: 33051724 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cotton is grown in arid and semi-arid regions where abiotic stresses such as drought and salt are prevalent. There is a lack of studies that simultaneously address the genetic and genomic basis of tolerance to drought and salt stress. In this study, a multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) population of 550 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) together with their 11 Upland cotton parents with a total of 473,516 polymorphic SNP markers was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for drought tolerance (DT) and salt tolerance (ST) at the seedling stage based on two replicated greenhouse tests. Transgressive segregation occurred in the MAGIC-RILs, indicating that tolerant and sensitive alleles recombined for tolerance to the abiotic stress during the intermating process for the population development. A total of 20 QTL were detected for DT including 13 and 7 QTL based on plant height (PH) and dry shoot weight (DSW), respectively; and 23 QTL were detected for ST including 12 and 11 QTL for PH and DSW, respectively. There were several chromosomes with QTL clusters for abiotic stress tolerance including four QTL on chromosome A13 and three QTL on A01 for DT, and four QTL on D08 and three QTL on A11 for ST. Nine QTL (21% of the 43 QTL) detected were in common between DT and ST, indicating a common genetic basis for DT and ST. The narrow chromosomal regions for most of the QTL detected in this study allowed identification of 53 candidate genes associated with responses to salt and drought stress and abiotic stimulus. The QTL identified for both DT and ST have significantly augmented the repertoire of QTL for abiotic stress tolerance that can be used for marker-assisted selection to develop cultivars with resilience to drought and/or salt and further genomic studies towards the identification of drought and salt tolerance genes in cotton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelraheem Abdelraheem
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA
| | - Gregory N Thyssen
- Cotton Fiber Bioscience and Cotton Chemistry and Utilization Research Units, USDA-ARS-SRRC, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - David D Fang
- Cotton Fiber Bioscience Research Unit, USDA-ARS-SRRC, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Johnie N Jenkins
- Crop Science Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Jack C McCarty
- Crop Science Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | | | - Jinfa Zhang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|