1
|
Qneibi M, Hawash M, Gümüş M, Çapan İ, Sert Y, Bdir S, Koca İ, Bdair M. Deciphering the Biophysical Properties of Ion Channel Gating Pores by Coumarin-Benzodiazepine Hybrid Derivatives: Selective AMPA Receptor Antagonists. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4565-4576. [PMID: 38105408 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03871-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In the 1980s, the identification of specific pharmacological antagonists played a crucial role in enhancing our comprehension of the physiological mechanisms associated with α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPARs). The primary objective of this investigation was to identify specific AMPA receptor antagonists, namely 2,3-benzodiazepines, that function as negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) at distinct locations apart from the glutamate recognition site. These compounds have exhibited a diverse array of anticonvulsant properties. In order to conduct a more comprehensive investigation, the study utilized whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology to analyze the inhibitory effect and selectivity of benzodiazepine derivatives that incorporate coumarin rings in relation to AMPA receptors. The study's main objective was to acquire knowledge about the relationship between the structure and activity of the compound and comprehend the potential effects of altering the side chains on negative allosteric modulation. The investigation provided crucial insights into the interaction between eight CD compounds and AMPA receptor subunits. Although all compounds demonstrated effective blockade, CD8 demonstrated the greatest potency and selectivity towards AMPA receptor subunits. The deactivation and desensitization rates were significantly influenced by CD8, CD6, and CD5, distinguishing them from the remaining five chemicals. The differences in binding and inhibition of AMPA receptor subunits can be attributed to structural discrepancies among the compounds. The carboxyl group of CD8, situated at the para position of the phenyl ring, substantially influenced the augmentation of AMPA receptor affinity. The findings of this study highlight the potential of pharmaceutical compounds that specifically target AMPA receptors to facilitate negative allosteric modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Qneibi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
| | - Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Mehmet Gümüş
- Akdagmadeni Health College, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - İrfan Çapan
- Technical Sciences Vocational College, Department of Material and Material Processing Technologies, Gazi University, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
- Basic and Engineering Sciences Central Laboratory Application and Research Center (GUTMAM), Gazi University, 06500, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Sert
- Sorgun Vocational School, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Sosana Bdir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - İrfan Koca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art & Sciences, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Bdair
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Su M, Luo Q, Wu Z, Feng H, Zhou H. Thymoma-associated autoimmune encephalitis with myasthenia gravis: Case series and literature review. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14568. [PMID: 38421083 PMCID: PMC10850820 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This comprehensive review aimed to compile cases of patients with thymoma diagnosed with both autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and myasthenia gravis (MG), and describe their clinical characteristics. METHODS Clinical records of 3 AE patients in the first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were reviewed. All of them were diagnosed with AE between 1 November 2021 and 1 March 2022, and clinical evidence about thymoma and MG was found. All published case reports were searched for comprehensive literature from January 1990 to June 2022. RESULTS A total of 18 cases diagnosed with thymoma-associated autoimmune encephalitis (TAAE) and thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis (TAMG) were included in this complication, wherein 3 cases were in the first affiliated hospital of Sun Yat-sen University and the other 15 were published case reports. 5/18 patients had alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antibody (AMPAR-Ab) in their serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). All of them had positive anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR-Ab). And 12/18 patients showed a positive response to thymectomy and immunotherapy. Besides, thymoma recurrences were detected because of AE onset. And the shortest interval between operation and AE onset was 2 years in patients with thymoma recurrence. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference in the clinical manifestations between these patients and others with only TAMG or TAAE. TAAE was commonly associated with AMPAR2-Ab. Significantly, AE more commonly heralded thymoma recurrences than MG onset. And the intervals of thymectomy and MG or AE onset had different meanings for thymoma recurrence and prognoses of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Su
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qiuyan Luo
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyGuangzhou Women and Children's Medical CenterGuangzhouChina
| | - Zichao Wu
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huiyu Feng
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Casagrande S, Zuliani L, Grisold W. Paraneoplastic encephalitis. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2024; 200:131-149. [PMID: 38494274 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823912-4.00019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The first reports of encephalitis associated with cancer date to the 1960s and were characterized by clinical and pathologic involvement of limbic areas. This specific association was called limbic encephalitis (LE). The subsequent discovery of several "onconeural" antibodies (Abs), i.e., Abs targeting an antigen shared by neurons and tumor cells, supported the hypothesis of an autoimmune paraneoplastic etiology of LE and other forms of rapidly progressive encephalopathy. Over the past 20 years, similar clinical pictures with different clinical courses have been described in association with novel Abs-binding neuronal membrane proteins and proved to be pathogenic. The most well-known encephalitis in this group was described in 2007 as an association of a complex neuro-psychiatric syndrome, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-Abs, and ovarian teratoma in young women. Later on, nonparaneoplastic cases of NMDA receptor encephalitis were also described. Since then, the historical concept of LE and Ab associated encephalitis has changed. Some of these occur in fact more commonly in the absence of a malignancy (e.g., anti-LG1 Abs). Lastly, seronegative cases were also described. The term paraneoplastic encephalitis nowadays encompasses different syndromes that may be triggered by occult tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Casagrande
- Neurology Unit, Rovereto Hospital, Trento, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
| | - Luigi Zuliani
- Department of Neurology, San Bortolo Hospital, Azienda ULSS8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Grisold
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Quinot V, Höftberger R. Pathogenesis and immunopathology of paraneoplastic disorders. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2024; 200:33-54. [PMID: 38494287 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-823912-4.00027-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS) represent a rare group of immune-mediated complications associated with an underlying tumor. Ectopic protein expression in neoplastic cells or an aberrant immune regulation in the course of hematooncologic diseases or thymomas trigger an autoimmune response that may affect any part of the central and/or peripheral nervous system. Recent advances in drug therapies as well as novel animal models and neuropathologic studies have led to further insights on the immune pathomechanisms of PNS. Although the syndromes share common paths in pathogenesis, they may differ in the disease course, prognosis, and therapy targets, depending on the localization and type of antibody epitope. Neuropathologic hallmarks of PNS associated with antibodies directed against intracellular epitopes are characterized by T cell-dominated inflammation, reactive gliosis including microglial nodules, and neuronal degeneration. By contrast, the neuropathology of cell surface antibody-mediated PNS strongly depends on the targeted antigen and varies from B cell/plasma cell-dominated inflammation and well-preserved neurons together with a reduced expression of the target antigen in anti-NMDAR encephalitis to irreversible Purkinje cell loss in anti-P/Q-type VGCC antibody-associated paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. The understanding of different pathomechanisms in PNS is important because they strongly correspond with therapy response and prognosis, and should guide treatment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Quinot
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin J, Wang J, Li J. Patient characteristics and outcome in patients with anti-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) encephalitis. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:3253-3259. [PMID: 37010671 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anti-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) encephalitis is a rare subtype of autoimmune encephalitis. We report patients diagnosed with anti-AMPAR encephalitis in western China, focusing on their clinical presentations, imaging results, treatment strategies, and prognosis. METHODS Data from patients diagnosed with anti-AMPAR encephalitis in the neurology center of West China Hospital from August 2018 to July 2021 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Based on the diagnostic criteria of autoimmune encephalitis, nine cases were included. RESULTS Four patients (44%) were males, and the median age at presentation was 54 years (range, 25-85). Short-term memory loss was the most common initial symptom. Additional types of autoantibodies were identified in three patients. After presentation, four patients were found to have tumors: two with small cell lung cancer, one with ovarian teratoma, and one with thymoma. All patients accepted first-line immune therapy, and follow-up was available from 8 patients (median 20 weeks, range 4-78). At the last follow-up, three patients showed good outcomes (modified Rankin scale [mRS] 0-2; 37.5%). Five patients showed poor outcomes (mRS 3-6; 62.5%): two had minimal changes and remained hospitalized, two had residual severe cognitive impairments, and one patient died during follow-up. Outcomes were worse among patients with tumors. Finally, only one patient experienced relapse during follow-up. CONCLUSION Anti-AMPAR encephalitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis for middle- and senior-aged patients who present with predominantly acute or subacute short-term memory impairment. The long-term prognosis is correlated with the presence of a tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Lin
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jierui Wang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinmei Li
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kerr NR, Kelty TJ, Mao X, Childs TE, Kline DD, Rector RS, Booth FW. Selective breeding for physical inactivity produces cognitive deficits via altered hippocampal mitochondrial and synaptic function. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1147420. [PMID: 37077501 PMCID: PMC10106691 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1147420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity is the 4th leading cause of death globally and has been shown to significantly increase the risk for developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Recent work has demonstrated that exercise prior to breeding produces heritable benefits to the brains of offspring, suggesting that the physical activity status of previous generations could play an important role in one's brain health and their subsequent risk for neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, our study aimed to test the hypothesis that selective breeding for physical inactivity, or for high physical activity, preference produces heritable deficits and enhancements to brain health, respectively. To evaluate this hypothesis, male and female sedentary Low Voluntary Runners (LVR), wild type (WT), and High Voluntary Runner (HVR) rats underwent cognitive behavioral testing, analysis of hippocampal neurogenesis and mitochondrial respiration, and molecular analysis of the dentate gyrus. These analyses revealed that selecting for physical inactivity preference has produced major detriments to cognition, brain mitochondrial respiration, and neurogenesis in female LVR while female HVR display enhancements in brain glucose metabolism and hippocampal size. On the contrary, male LVR and HVR showed very few differences in these parameters relative to WT. Overall, we provide evidence that selective breeding for physical inactivity has a heritable and detrimental effect on brain health and that the female brain appears to be more susceptible to these effects. This emphasizes the importance of remaining physically active as chronic intergenerational physical inactivity likely increases susceptibility to neurodegenerative diseases for both the inactive individual and their offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. Kerr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Taylor J. Kelty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Xuansong Mao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Thomas E. Childs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - David D. Kline
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - R. Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Frank W. Booth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lalwani CS, Thushara IM, Kannoth S, Kumar A, Mathai A. First case report of anti-AMPA receptor encephalitis presenting with features of parkinsonism. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:5655-5657. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
8
|
Wang X, Zhao Y, Shi X, Gong M, Hao Y, Fu Y, Velez de-la-Paz OI, Wang X, Du Y, Guo X, Song L, Meng L, Gao Y, Yin X, Wang S, Shi Y, Shi H. Sulfur dioxide derivatives attenuates consolidation of contextual fear memory in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 914:174658. [PMID: 34861211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by an enhancement of traumatic memory. Intervention strategies based on the different stages of memory have been shown to be effective in the prevention and control of PTSD. The endogenous gaseous molecule, sulfur dioxide (SO2), has been reported to significantly exert neuromodulatory effects; however, its regulation of learning and memory remains unestablished. This study aimed to investigate the effects of exogenous SO2 derivatives administration on the formation, consolidation, reconsolidation, retention, and expression of contextual fear memory. Behavioral results showed that both intraperitoneal injection (50 mg/kg, ip) and hippocampal infusion (5 μg/side) of SO2 derivatives (a mixture of sodium sulfite and sodium bisulfite, Na2SO3/NaHSO3, 3:1 M/M) significantly impaired consolidation but had no effect on reconsolidation and retention of contextual fear memory. These findings suggest that the attenuating effects of SO2 on the consolidation of fear memory involves, at least partially, the region of the hippocampus. The findings of this study provide direct evidence for the development of new strategies for PTSD prevention and treatment involving the use of gaseous SO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhao Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yize Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xiaorui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Miao Gong
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Ying Hao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yaling Fu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Omar Israel Velez de-la-Paz
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yuru Du
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xiangfei Guo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Li Song
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Li Meng
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Xi Yin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Functional Region of Diagnosis, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050017, China.
| | - Haishui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang TY, Cai MT, Zheng Y, Lai QL, Shen CH, Qiao S, Zhang YX. Anti-Alpha-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazolepropionic Acid Receptor Encephalitis: A Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652820. [PMID: 34093540 PMCID: PMC8175895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) encephalitis, a rare subtype of autoimmune encephalitis, was first reported by Lai et al. The AMPAR antibodies target against extracellular epitopes of the GluA1 or GluA2 subunits of the receptor. AMPARs are expressed throughout the central nervous system, especially in the hippocampus and other limbic regions. Anti-AMPAR encephalitis was more common in middle-aged women and most patients had an acute or subacute onset. Limbic encephalitis, a classic syndrome of anti-AMPAR encephalitis, was clinically characterized by a subacute disturbance of short-term memory loss, confusion, abnormal behavior and seizure. Magnetic resonance imaging often showed T2/fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery hyperintensities in the bilateral medial temporal lobe. For suspected patients, paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing with cell-based assay were recommended. CSF specimen was preferred given its higher sensitivity. Most patients with anti-AMPAR encephalitis were complicated with tumors, such as thymoma, small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. First-line treatments included high-dose steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange. Second-line treatments, including rituximab and cyclophosphamide, can be initiated in patients who were non-reactive to first-line treatment. Most patients with anti-AMPAR encephalitis showed a partial neurologic response to immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Ting Cai
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Lun Lai
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Hong Shen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Xi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ricken G, Zrzavy T, Macher S, Altmann P, Troger J, Falk KK, Kiefer A, Fichtenbaum A, Mitulovic G, Kubista H, Wandinger KP, Rommer P, Bartsch T, Berger T, Weber J, Leypoldt F, Höftberger R. Autoimmune Global Amnesia as Manifestation of AMPAR Encephalitis and Neuropathologic Findings. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2021; 8:8/4/e1019. [PMID: 34016735 PMCID: PMC8142837 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report an unusual clinical phenotype of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) encephalitis and describe associated neuropathologic findings. METHODS We retrospectively investigated 3 AMPAR encephalitis patients with autoimmune global hippocampal amnesia using comprehensive cognitive and neuropsychologic assessment, antibody testing by in-house tissue-based and cell-based assays, and neuropathologic analysis of brain autopsy tissue including histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Three patients presented with acute-to-subacute global amnesia without affection of cognitive performance, attention, concentration, or verbal function. None of the patients had epileptic seizures, change of behavior, personality changes, or psychiatric symptoms. The MRI was normal in 1 patient and showed increased fluid-attenuated inversion recovery/T2 signal in the hippocampus in the other 2 patients. Two patients showed complete remission after immunotherapy. The one patient who did not improve had an underlying adenocarcinoma of the lung and died 3.5 months after disease onset because of tumor progression. Neuropathologic analysis of the brain autopsy revealed unilateral hippocampal sclerosis accompanied by mild inflammatory infiltrates, predominantly composed of T lymphocytes, and decrease of AMPAR immunoreactivity. CONCLUSION AMPAR antibodies usually associate with limbic encephalitis but may also present with immune responsive, acute-to-subacute, isolated hippocampal dysfunction without overt inflammatory CSF or MRI changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerda Ricken
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (G.R., A.F., R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.Z., S.M., P.A., P.R., T. Berger), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.T., J.W.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.K.F., K.-P.W., F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Pathology (A.K.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.F., G.M.), Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology (H.K.), Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Neurology (T. Bartsch, F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Zrzavy
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (G.R., A.F., R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.Z., S.M., P.A., P.R., T. Berger), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.T., J.W.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.K.F., K.-P.W., F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Pathology (A.K.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.F., G.M.), Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology (H.K.), Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Neurology (T. Bartsch, F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Macher
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (G.R., A.F., R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.Z., S.M., P.A., P.R., T. Berger), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.T., J.W.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.K.F., K.-P.W., F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Pathology (A.K.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.F., G.M.), Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology (H.K.), Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Neurology (T. Bartsch, F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Patrick Altmann
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (G.R., A.F., R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.Z., S.M., P.A., P.R., T. Berger), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.T., J.W.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.K.F., K.-P.W., F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Pathology (A.K.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.F., G.M.), Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology (H.K.), Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Neurology (T. Bartsch, F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Johannes Troger
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (G.R., A.F., R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.Z., S.M., P.A., P.R., T. Berger), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.T., J.W.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.K.F., K.-P.W., F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Pathology (A.K.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.F., G.M.), Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology (H.K.), Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Neurology (T. Bartsch, F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kim Kristin Falk
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (G.R., A.F., R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.Z., S.M., P.A., P.R., T. Berger), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.T., J.W.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.K.F., K.-P.W., F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Pathology (A.K.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.F., G.M.), Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology (H.K.), Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Neurology (T. Bartsch, F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Kiefer
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (G.R., A.F., R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.Z., S.M., P.A., P.R., T. Berger), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.T., J.W.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.K.F., K.-P.W., F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Pathology (A.K.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.F., G.M.), Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology (H.K.), Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Neurology (T. Bartsch, F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Fichtenbaum
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (G.R., A.F., R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.Z., S.M., P.A., P.R., T. Berger), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.T., J.W.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.K.F., K.-P.W., F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Pathology (A.K.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.F., G.M.), Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology (H.K.), Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Neurology (T. Bartsch, F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Goran Mitulovic
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (G.R., A.F., R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.Z., S.M., P.A., P.R., T. Berger), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.T., J.W.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.K.F., K.-P.W., F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Pathology (A.K.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.F., G.M.), Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology (H.K.), Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Neurology (T. Bartsch, F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Helmut Kubista
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (G.R., A.F., R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.Z., S.M., P.A., P.R., T. Berger), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.T., J.W.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.K.F., K.-P.W., F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Pathology (A.K.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.F., G.M.), Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology (H.K.), Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Neurology (T. Bartsch, F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Wandinger
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (G.R., A.F., R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.Z., S.M., P.A., P.R., T. Berger), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.T., J.W.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.K.F., K.-P.W., F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Pathology (A.K.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.F., G.M.), Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology (H.K.), Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Neurology (T. Bartsch, F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Paulus Rommer
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (G.R., A.F., R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.Z., S.M., P.A., P.R., T. Berger), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.T., J.W.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.K.F., K.-P.W., F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Pathology (A.K.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.F., G.M.), Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology (H.K.), Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Neurology (T. Bartsch, F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bartsch
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (G.R., A.F., R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.Z., S.M., P.A., P.R., T. Berger), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.T., J.W.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.K.F., K.-P.W., F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Pathology (A.K.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.F., G.M.), Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology (H.K.), Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Neurology (T. Bartsch, F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Berger
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (G.R., A.F., R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.Z., S.M., P.A., P.R., T. Berger), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.T., J.W.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.K.F., K.-P.W., F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Pathology (A.K.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.F., G.M.), Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology (H.K.), Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Neurology (T. Bartsch, F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Jörg Weber
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (G.R., A.F., R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.Z., S.M., P.A., P.R., T. Berger), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.T., J.W.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.K.F., K.-P.W., F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Pathology (A.K.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.F., G.M.), Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology (H.K.), Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Neurology (T. Bartsch, F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank Leypoldt
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (G.R., A.F., R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.Z., S.M., P.A., P.R., T. Berger), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.T., J.W.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.K.F., K.-P.W., F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Pathology (A.K.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.F., G.M.), Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology (H.K.), Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Neurology (T. Bartsch, F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Romana Höftberger
- From the Division of Neuropathology and Neurochemistry (G.R., A.F., R.H.), Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (T.Z., S.M., P.A., P.R., T. Berger), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Neurology (J.T., J.W.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Institute of Clinical Chemistry (K.K.F., K.-P.W., F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel/Lübeck, Germany; Institute of Pathology (A.K.), Klinikum Klagenfurt, Austria; Clinical Department of Laboratory Medicine (A.F., G.M.), Proteomics Core Facility, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Center of Physiology and Pharmacology (H.K.), Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; and Department of Neurology (T. Bartsch, F.L.), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang K, Shi Y, Du Q, Zhang RR, Wu H, Qiao S, Liu X. Clinical Review and Prognostic Analysis of α-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazole Propionate Receptor-Associated Encephalitis. Front Neurol 2021; 12:665229. [PMID: 34054708 PMCID: PMC8155358 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.665229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a heterogeneous neurological autoimmune disorder associated with cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. It can be divided into several subtypes based on autoantibodies. Anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor encephalitis (AMPAR-E) is one of the recently discovered AE subtypes, usually manifesting limbic encephalitis and with a good prognosis. Considering AMPAR-E has been described for the first time, only a few cases with similar antibodies have been reported clinically. We aimed to clarify the clinical course and prognosis of the disease in the light of previous reports. Patients and Methods: We collected data on the diagnosis and treatment of six cases of AMPAR-E, diagnosed at the Qilu Hospital of Shandong University in the past 5 years. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of the patients and performed a follow-up of the disease. Results: The patients often presented with limbic encephalitis, which sometimes coexisted with tumors. In addition, immunotherapy had a significant effect on the disease. The clinical outcome was related to factors such as the age of onset, timing of treatment, and presence of tumors. Conclusion: In conclusion, specific antibody tests should be performed as early as possible in suspected cases. Clinicians should actively administer immunotherapy and the management of the co-tumor. In addition, repeat antibody tests and image examinations following discharge from the hospital guide the maintenance protocol of immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kemo Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanting Shi
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianwen Du
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ran-Ran Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huaikuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Epilepsy, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang J, Du J, Zhao J, Liu H, Zhang L, Cai L, Wang Q, Han B, Cui J. Anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor encephalitis: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25694. [PMID: 33907146 PMCID: PMC8084089 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) is a subtype of glutamate receptor that mediates most of the fast excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. Anti-AMPAR encephalitis is an autoimmune-mediated neurological disorder, frequently accompanied by the presence of neoplasms, comprising a spectrum of paraneoplastic syndrome. PATIENT CONCERNS A 56-year-old man was admitted for deterioration in memory and aberrant psychological behaviors, which lasted for at least 20 days. DIAGNOSIS The patient was diagnosed as anti-AMPAR encephalitis and 4 months later, he was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer. INTERVENTIONS Once diagnosis for anti-AMPAR encephalitis was confirmed, methylprednisolone was prescribed with initial dose 500 mg/d for 14 days until the patient returned to pre-illness state. Then he was discharged with oral treatment with corticosteroids. Following the diagnosis of small cell lung cancer, he received 5 rounds of chemotherapy, including carboplatin and etoposide. OUTCOMES After taken the prescription of Methylprednisolone for anti-AMPAR encephalitis, he returned to pre-illness state and was discharged. In April 21, 2017, after symptoms of respiratory system showed up, he was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer and he eventually died of respiratory failure. CONCLUSION Though progress has been made in recent years in diagnosis and treatment for autoimmune encephalitis, it is challenging to diagnose due to the similarity in clinical findings with other autoimmune or infectious encephalitis. In addition, it is necessary for these patients to regularly have tumor screening, considering AMPAR antibody encephalitis is closely associated with neoplasm, and the incidence of paraneoplastic syndrome is 63% to 70%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital
| | - Jichen Du
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital
| | - Haichao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital
| | - Lvming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital
| | - Lina Cai
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital
| | - Bailin Han
- Department of Neurology, Aerospace Center Hospital
| | - Jiangbo Cui
- Aerospace Clinic Academy, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jia Y, Li M, Wang H, Zhang M, Wang Y. The Peculiar Clinical Symptoms and Treatment of Limbic Encephalitis Associated with AMPA Receptor Antibody. Eur Neurol 2021; 84:206-211. [PMID: 33857949 DOI: 10.1159/000515592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) antibody-related diseases are very rare in autoimmune neurological diseases. We collected and analyzed the data of 3 patients with peculiar clinical manifestation positive for AMPA2-R antibody in the Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University. In our reported case series, 2 patients were male and 1 was female. The initial clinical features of 3 patients were all consistent with an encephalopathy predominantly involving the limbic system. Interestingly, as the disease continues to advance, case 1 presented with limb paralysis, case 2 developed typical cerebellar ataxia, and case 3 had symptoms of autonomic instability. These 3 types of clinical features were very rare in patients with AMPAR-Ab. After immunotherapy, cases 1 and 3 responded well and case 2 was not responsive. During the follow-up, residual memory loss of cases 1 and 3 improved gradually, and they returned to work. To eliminate the influence of the presence of other pathogenic antibodies, we analyzed the available individual clinical information of 37 patients with the single AMPAR-Ab by systematic literature review. A majority of patients had sudden short-term memory loss as the initial symptom and developed limbic encephalitis. Residual memory deficit was the most common symptom after discharge. The combination of at least 2 types of immunotherapy was recommended as the first-line treatment, and patients would benefit from the tumor screening. In addition, compared with the patients positive for single AMPAR-Ab, the patients with both AMPAR-Ab and other antibodies had a higher risk of malignant tumor and might have a poor therapeutic response, which led to a poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jia
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China.,Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rodriguez-Chavez V, Moran J, Molina-Salinas G, Zepeda Ruiz WA, Rodriguez MC, Picazo O, Cerbon M. Participation of Glutamatergic Ionotropic Receptors in Excitotoxicity: The Neuroprotective Role of Prolactin. Neuroscience 2021; 461:180-193. [PMID: 33647379 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate (Glu) is known as the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It can trigger a series of processes ranging from synaptic plasticity to neurophysiological regulation. To carry out its functions, Glu acts via interaction with its cognate receptors, which are ligand-dependent. Glutamatergic receptors include ionotropic and metabotropic categories. The first allows the passage of ions through the postsynaptic membrane, while the metabotropic subtype activates signaling cascades through second messengers. It is well known that an excess of extracellular Glu concentration induces overstimulation of ionotropic glutamatergic receptors (iGluRs), causing the excitotoxicity phenomenon that leads to neuronal damage and cell death. Excitotoxicity plays a crucial role in different brain pathologies such as brain strokes, epilepsy and neurodegenerative disorders. However, until now, there are no effective neuroprotective compounds to prevent or rescue neurons from excitotoxicity. Thus, the continuous elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying excitotoxicity in order to prevent damage or neuronal death is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge regarding iGluRs, while describing their structures and molecular mechanisms of action, including their role in excitotoxicity, as well as the current strategies to reduce excitotoxic damage. Particularly, strategies mediated by prolactin, a somatotropin family-related hormone that displays a significant neuroprotective effect against both Glu and kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity in the hippocampus, are described. Finally, the role of prolactin as a possible molecule in the treatment of excitotoxicity in neurological diseases is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Rodriguez-Chavez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México 04510, Mexico
| | - J Moran
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - G Molina-Salinas
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México 04510, Mexico
| | - W A Zepeda Ruiz
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México 04510, Mexico
| | - M C Rodriguez
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, CISEI, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico
| | - O Picazo
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Sto. Tomás, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - M Cerbon
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México 04510, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kao YC, Lin MI, Weng WC, Lee WT. Neuropsychiatric Disorders Due to Limbic Encephalitis: Immunologic Aspect. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010389. [PMID: 33396564 PMCID: PMC7795533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Limbic encephalitis (LE) is a rare cause of encephalitis presenting as an acute and subacute onset of neuropsychiatric manifestations, particularly with memory deficits and confusion as core features, along with seizure occurrence, movement disorders, or autonomic dysfunctions. LE is caused by neuronal antibodies targeting the cellular surface, synaptic, and intracellular antigens, which alter the synaptic transmission, especially in the limbic area. Immunologic mechanisms involve antibodies, complements, or T-cell-mediated immune responses in different degree according to different autoantibodies. Sensitive cerebrospinal fluid markers of LE are unavailable, and radiographic findings may not reveal a typical mesiotemporal involvement at neurologic presentations; therefore, a high clinical index of suspicions is pivotal, and a neuronal antibody testing is necessary to make early diagnosis. Some patients have concomitant tumors, causing paraneoplastic LE; therefore, tumor survey and treatment are required in addition to immunotherapy. In this study, a review on the molecular and immunologic aspects of LE was conducted to gain awareness of its peculiarity, which we found quite different from our knowledge on traditional psychiatric illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Kao
- Department of Pediatrics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-I Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 11101, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Chin Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100226, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
| | - Wang-Tso Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100226, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100233, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-23123456 (ext. 71545); Fax: +886-2-23147450
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moreno A. Molecular mechanisms of forgetting. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 54:6912-6932. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Moreno
- Danish Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE) Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Glutamate Receptor Antibodies in Autoimmune Central Nervous System Disease: Basic Mechanisms, Clinical Features, and Antibody Detection. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 30707437 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9077-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammation of the brain has been recognized for more than 50 years, although the initial descriptions were mainly thought to be secondary to an underlying neoplasm. Some of these paraneoplastic encephalitides express serum antibodies, but these were not thought to be pathogenic but instead have a T-cell-mediated pathophysiology. Over the last two decades, several pathogenic antibodies against neuronal surface antigens have been described in autoimmune encephalitis, which are amenable to immunotherapy. Several of these antibodies are directed against glutamate receptors (GluRs). NMDAR encephalitis (NMDARE) is the most common of these antibodies, and patients often present with psychosis, hallucinations, and reduced consciousness. Patients often progress on to develop confusion, seizures, movement disorders, autonomic instability, and respiratory depression. Although initially described as exclusively occurring secondary to ovarian teratoma (and later other tumors), non-paraneoplastic forms are increasingly common, and other triggers like viral infections are now well recognized. AMPAR encephalitis is relatively less common than NMDARE but is more likely to paraneoplastic. AMPAR antibodies typically cause limbic encephalitis, with patients presenting with confusion, disorientation, memory loss, and often seizures. The syndromes associated with the metabotropic receptor antibodies are much rarer and often can be paraneoplastic-mGluR1 (cerebellar degeneration) and mGluR5 (Ophelia syndrome) being the ones described in literature.With the advance in molecular biology techniques, it is now possible to detect these antibodies using cell-based assays with high sensitivity and specificity, especially when coupled with brain tissue immunohistochemistry and binding to live cell-based neurons. The rapid and reliable identification of these antibodies aids in the timely treatment (either in the form of identifying/removing the underlying tumor or instituting immunomodulatory therapy) and has significantly improved clinical outcome in this otherwise devastating group of conditions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Laurido-Soto O, Brier MR, Simon LE, McCullough A, Bucelli RC, Day GS. Patient characteristics and outcome associations in AMPA receptor encephalitis. J Neurol 2019; 266:450-460. [PMID: 30560455 PMCID: PMC6367044 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-9153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-mediated encephalitis defines a class of diseases wherein antibodies directed at cell-surface receptors are associated with behavioral and cognitive disturbances. One such recently described encephalitis is due to antibodies directed at alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPAR). This entity is exceptionally rare and its clinical phenotype incompletely described. We present findings from two cases of AMPAR encephalitis that exemplify variability in the disease spectrum, and summarize findings in published cases derived from a systematic literature review. When all patients are considered together, the presence of psychiatric symptoms at presentation portended a poor outcome and was associated with the presence of a tumor. Furthermore, we provide evidence to suggest that the topography of magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in reported cases mirrors the distribution of AMPARs in the human brain. The potential for neurological improvement following immunomodulatory therapy together with the favorable outcome reported in most cases emphasizes the importance of testing for autoantibodies against neuronal cell-surface proteins, including AMPAR, in patients with clinical and neuroimaging findings suggestive of autoimmune encephalitis. Close attention to the clinical phenotype may inform the presence of malignancy and long-term prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Laurido-Soto
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew R Brier
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura E Simon
- Bernard Becker Medical Library, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Austin McCullough
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert C Bucelli
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregory S Day
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 4488 Forest Park Avenue, Saint Louis, MO, 63108, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
An Uncommon Presentation of a Primary Bone Tumor: Anti-AMPA (Anti-α-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazolepropionic acid) Receptor Limbic/Paraneoplastic Encephalitis as a Presenting Feature of Ewing Sarcoma. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2018; 40:555-557. [PMID: 30247289 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000001304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Anti-AMPA (anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptor limbic encephalitis is a rare autoimmune syndrome. It can be associated with an underlying malignancy, such as lung, breast, or thymus. We are reporting a case of a 19-year-old patient who presented with a 2-week history of confusion and short-term memory loss. A magnetic resonance imaging of brain showed increased T2 hyperintensity within the hippocampi bilaterally. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was positive for anti-AMPA receptor antibodies. A computed tomography revealed multiple pulmonary metastases as well as an expansile lucent and sclerotic lesion in the ilium, which was subsequently biopsied. Histopathology confirmed a diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma (ES). Fluorescence in situ hybridization testing of the specimen identified EWSR1 (22q12.2) signal rearrangements in 80% of cells scored. To date, this is the first case report describing anti-AMPA receptor limbic/paraneoplastic encephalitis as a presenting feature of ES. Although it is rare, the possibility of ES may be considered in young patients presenting with anti-AMPA receptor limbic encephalitis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Luoni A, Gass P, Brambilla P, Ruggeri M, Riva MA, Inta D. Altered expression of schizophrenia-related genes in mice lacking mGlu5 receptors. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:77-87. [PMID: 27581816 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The evidence underlying the so-called glutamatergic hypothesis ranges from NMDA receptor hypofunction to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory circuits in specific brain structures. Among all glutamatergic system components, metabotropic receptors play a main role in regulating neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity. Here, we investigated, using qRT-PCR and western blot, consequences in the hippocampus and prefrontal/frontal cortex (PFC/FC) of mice with a genetic deletion of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5), addressing key components of the GABAergic and glutamatergic systems. We found that mGlu5 knockout (KO) mice showed a significant reduction of reelin, GAD65, GAD67 and parvalbumin mRNA levels, which is specific for the PFC/FC, and that is paralleled by a significant reduction of protein levels in male KO mice. We next analyzed the main NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits, namely GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B and GluA1, and we found that mGlu5 deletion determined a significant reduction of their mRNA levels, also within the hippocampus, with differences between the two genders. Our data suggest that neurochemical abnormalities impinging the glutamatergic and GABAergic systems may be responsible for the behavioral phenotype associated with mGlu5 KO animals and point to the close interaction of these molecular players for the development of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. These data could contribute to a better understanding of the involvement of mGlu5 alterations in the molecular imbalance between excitation and inhibition underlying the emergence of a schizophrenic-like phenotype and to understand the potential of mGlu5 modulators in reversing the deficits characterizing the schizophrenic pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Luoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Center of Neuropharmacology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Peter Gass
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J 5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirella Ruggeri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Center of Neuropharmacology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Dragos Inta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J 5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Str. 27, 4012, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hussain S, Egbenya DL, Lai YC, Dosa ZJ, Sørensen JB, Anderson AE, Davanger S. The calcium sensor synaptotagmin 1 is expressed and regulated in hippocampal postsynaptic spines. Hippocampus 2017; 27:1168-1177. [PMID: 28686803 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Synaptotagmin 1 is a presynaptic calcium sensor, regulating SNARE-mediated vesicle exocytosis of transmitter. Increasing evidence indicate roles of SNARE proteins in postsynaptic glutamate receptor trafficking. However, a possible postsynaptic expression of synaptotagmin 1 has not been demonstrated previously. Here, we used postembedding immunogold electron microscopy to determine the subsynaptic localization of synaptotagmin 1 in rat hippocampal CA1 Schaffer collateral synapses. We report for the first time that synaptotagmin 1 is present in rat hippocampal postsynaptic spines, both on cytoplasmic vesicles and at the postsynaptic density. We further investigated whether postsynaptic synaptotagmin 1 is regulated during synaptic plasticity. In a rat model of chronic temporal lobe epilepsy, we found that presynaptic and postsynaptic concentrations of the protein are reduced compared to control animals. This downregulation may possibly be an adaptive measure to decrease both presynaptic and postsynaptic calcium sensitivity in excitotoxic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suleman Hussain
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel Lawer Egbenya
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Yi-Chen Lai
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zita J Dosa
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Lundbeck Foundation Center for Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob B Sørensen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Lundbeck Foundation Center for Biomembranes in Nanomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne E Anderson
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Svend Davanger
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zong S, Hoffmann C, Mané-Damas M, Molenaar P, Losen M, Martinez-Martinez P. Neuronal Surface Autoantibodies in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Are There Implications for Depression? Front Immunol 2017; 8:752. [PMID: 28725222 PMCID: PMC5497139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are affecting around 7.6-9.4% of the general population. A number of central nervous system disorders, including encephalitis and severe psychiatric disorders, have been demonstrated to associate with specific neuronal surface autoantibodies (NSAbs). It has become clear that specific autoantibodies targeting neuronal surface antigens and ion channels could cause severe mental disturbances. A number of studies have focused or are currently investigating the presence of autoantibodies in specific mental conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. However, less is known about other conditions such as depression. Depression is a psychiatric disorder with complex etiology and pathogenesis. The diagnosis criteria of depression are largely based on symptoms but not on the origin of the disease. The question which arises is whether in a subgroup of patients with depression, the symptoms might be caused by autoantibodies targeting membrane-associated antigens. Here, we describe how autoantibodies targeting membrane proteins and ion channels cause pathological effects. We discuss the physiology of these antigens and their role in relation to depression. Finally, we summarize a number of studies detecting NSAbs with a special focus on cohorts that include depression diagnosis and/or show depressive symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Zong
- Division Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Carolin Hoffmann
- Division Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marina Mané-Damas
- Division Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Peter Molenaar
- Division Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Mario Losen
- Division Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Pilar Martinez-Martinez
- Division Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Poddar R, Chen A, Winter L, Rajagopal S, Paul S. Role of AMPA receptors in homocysteine-NMDA receptor-induced crosstalk between ERK and p38 MAPK. J Neurochem 2017; 142:560-573. [PMID: 28543279 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Homocysteine, a metabolite of the methionine cycle has been reported to play a role in neurotoxicity through activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR)-mediated signaling pathway. The proposed mechanisms associated with homocysteine-NMDAR-induced neurotoxicity involve a unique signaling pathway that triggers a crosstalk between extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 MAPKs, where activation of p38 MAPK is downstream of and dependent on ERK MAPK. However, the molecular basis of the ERK MAPK-mediated p38 MAPK activation is not understood. This study investigates whether α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) play a role in facilitating the ERK MAPK-mediated p38 MAPK activation. Using surface biotinylation and immunoblotting approaches we show that treatment with homocysteine leads to a decrease in surface expression of GluA2-AMPAR subunit in neurons, but have no effect on the surface expression of GluA1-AMPAR subunit. Inhibition of NMDAR activation with D-AP5 or ERK MAPK phosphorylation with PD98059 attenuates homocysteine-induced decrease in surface expression of GluA2-AMPAR subunit. The decrease in surface expression of GluA2-AMPAR subunit is associated with p38 MAPK phosphorylation, which is inhibited by 1-napthyl acetyl spermine trihydrochloride (NASPM), a selective antagonist of GluA2-lacking Ca2+ -permeable AMPARs. These results suggest that homocysteine-NMDAR-mediated ERK MAPK phosphorylation leads to a decrease in surface expression of GluA2-AMPAR subunit resulting in Ca2+ influx through the GluA2-lacking Ca2+ -permeable AMPARs and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Cell death assays further show that inhibition of AMPAR activity with 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4,tetrahydrobenzoquinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX)/6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3, -dione (CNQX) or GluA2-lacking Ca2+ -permeable AMPAR activity with NASPM attenuates homocysteine-induced neurotoxicity. We have identified an important mechanism involved in homocysteine-induced neurotoxicity that highlights the intermediary role of GluA2-lacking Ca2+ -permeable AMPARs in the crosstalk between ERK and p38 MAPKs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Poddar
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Alexandria Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Lucas Winter
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Sathyanarayanan Rajagopal
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Surojit Paul
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Dalmau J, Geis C, Graus F. Autoantibodies to Synaptic Receptors and Neuronal Cell Surface Proteins in Autoimmune Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:839-887. [PMID: 28298428 PMCID: PMC5539405 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00010.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations in the last 10 years have revealed a new category of neurological diseases mediated by antibodies against cell surface and synaptic proteins. There are currently 16 such diseases all characterized by autoantibodies against neuronal proteins involved in synaptic signaling and plasticity. In clinical practice these findings have changed the diagnostic and treatment approach to potentially lethal, but now treatable, neurological and psychiatric syndromes previously considered idiopathic or not even suspected to be immune-mediated. Studies show that patients' antibodies can impair the surface dynamics of the target receptors eliminating them from synapses (e.g., NMDA receptor), block the function of the antigens without changing their synaptic density (e.g., GABAb receptor), interfere with synaptic protein-protein interactions (LGI1, Caspr2), alter synapse formation (e.g., neurexin-3α), or by unclear mechanisms associate to a new form of tauopathy (IgLON5). Here we first trace the process of discovery of these diseases, describing the triggers and symptoms related to each autoantigen, and then review in detail the structural and functional alterations caused by the autoantibodies with special emphasis in those (NMDA receptor, amphiphysin) that have been modeled in animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Dalmau
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain; Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Servei de Neurologia, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Geis
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain; Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Servei de Neurologia, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Graus
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain; Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany; Servei de Neurologia, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Identification of MicroRNA-124-3p as a Putative Epigenetic Signature of Major Depressive Disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:864-875. [PMID: 27577603 PMCID: PMC5312059 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is predicted to be the second leading cause of global disease burden by 2030. A large number of MDD patients do not respond to the currently available medication because of its poorly understood etiology. Recently, studies of microRNAs (miRNAs), which act as a molecular switch of gene expression, have shown promise in identifying a molecular network that could provide significant clues to various psychiatric illnesses. Using an in vitro system, a rodent depression model, and a human postmortem brain, we investigated the role of a brain-enriched, neuron-specific miRNA, miR-124-3p, whose expression is highly dysregulated in stressed rodents, and identified a set of target genes involved in stress response and neural plasticity. We also found that miR-124-3p is epigenetically regulated and its interaction with the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) is compromised in MDD. Using blood serum, we found similar dysregulation of miR-124-3p in antidepressant-free MDD subjects. Altogether, our study demonstrates potential contribution of miR-124-3p in the pathophysiology of MDD and suggests that this miRNA may serve as a novel target for drug development and a biomarker for MDD pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
26
|
Hadzic M, Jack A, Wahle P. Ionotropic glutamate receptors: Which ones, when, and where in the mammalian neocortex. J Comp Neurol 2016; 525:976-1033. [PMID: 27560295 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A multitude of 18 iGluR receptor subunits, many of which are diversified by splicing and RNA editing, localize to >20 excitatory and inhibitory neocortical neuron types defined by physiology, morphology, and transcriptome in addition to various types of glial, endothelial, and blood cells. Here we have compiled the published expression of iGluR subunits in the areas and cell types of developing and adult cortex of rat, mouse, carnivore, bovine, monkey, and human as determined with antibody- and mRNA-based techniques. iGluRs are differentially expressed in the cortical areas and in the species, and all have a unique developmental pattern. Differences are quantitative rather than a mere absence/presence of expression. iGluR are too ubiquitously expressed and of limited use as markers for areas or layers. A focus has been the iGluR profile of cortical interneuron types. For instance, GluK1 and GluN3A are enriched in, but not specific for, interneurons; moreover, the interneurons expressing these subunits belong to different types. Adressing the types is still a major hurdle because type-specific markers are lacking, and the frequently used neuropeptide/CaBP signatures are subject to regulation by age and activity and vary as well between species and areas. RNA-seq reveals almost all subunits in the two morphofunctionally characterized interneuron types of adult cortical layer I, suggesting a fairly broad expression at the RNA level. It remains to be determined whether all proteins are synthesized, to which pre- or postsynaptic subdomains in a given neuron type they localize, and whether all are involved in synaptic transmission. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:976-1033, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minela Hadzic
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology ND 6/72, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Jack
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology ND 6/72, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Petra Wahle
- Developmental Neurobiology, Faculty for Biology and Biotechnology ND 6/72, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Serafini A, Lukas RV, VanHaerents S, Warnke P, Tao JX, Rose S, Wu S. Paraneoplastic epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2016; 61:51-58. [PMID: 27304613 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy can be a manifestation of paraneoplastic syndromes which are the consequence of an immune reaction to neuronal elements driven by an underlying malignancy affecting other organs and tissues. The antibodies commonly found in paraneoplastic encephalitis can be divided into two main groups depending on the target antigen: 1) antibodies against neuronal cell surface antigens, such as against neurotransmitter (N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)) receptors, ion channels (voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC)), and channel-complex proteins (leucine rich, glioma inactivated-1 glycoprotein (LGI1) and contactin-associated protein-2 (CASPR2)) and 2) antibodies against intracellular neuronal antigens (Hu/antineuronal nuclear antibody-1 (ANNA-1), Ma2/Ta, glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), less frequently to CV2/collapsin response mediator protein 5 (CRMP5)). In this review, we provide a comprehensive survey of the current literature on paraneoplastic epilepsy indexed by the associated onconeuronal antibodies. While a range of seizure types can be seen with paraneoplastic syndromes, temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common because of the association with limbic encephalitis. Early treatment of the paraneoplastic syndrome with immune modulation/suppression may prevent the more serious potential consequences of paraneoplastic epilepsy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Serafini
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rimas V Lukas
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Stephen VanHaerents
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Peter Warnke
- Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - James X Tao
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sandra Rose
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shasha Wu
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yao G, Yun Y, Sang N. Differential effects between one week and four weeks exposure to same mass of SO2 on synaptic plasticity in rat hippocampus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:820-829. [PMID: 25534910 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) is a ubiquitous air pollutant. The previous studies have documented the adverse effects of SO2 on nervous system health, suggesting that acutely SO2 inhalation at high concentration may be associated with neurotoxicity and increase risk of hospitalization and mortality of many brain disorders. However, the remarkable features of air pollution exposure are lifelong duration and at low concentration; and it is rarely reported that whether there are different responses on synapse when rats inhaled same mass of SO2 at low concentration with a longer term. In this study, we evaluated the synaptic plasticity in rat hippocampus after exposure to same mass of SO2 at various concentrations and durations (3.5 and 7 mg/m(3) , 6 h/day, for 4 weeks; and 14 and 28 mg/m(3) , 6 h/day, for 1 week). The results showed that the mRNA level of synaptic plasticity marker Arc, glutamate receptors (GRIA1, GRIA2, GRIN1, GRIN2A, and GRIN2B) and the protein expression of memory related kinase p-CaMKпα were consistently inhibited by SO2 both in 1 week and 4 weeks exposure cases; the protein expression of presynaptic marker synaptophysin, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), protein kinase A (PKA), and protein kinase C (PKC) were increased in 1 week exposure case, and decreased in 4 weeks exposure case. Our results indicated that SO2 inhalation caused differential synaptic injury in 1 week and 4 weeks exposure cases, and implied the differential effects might result from different PKA- and/or PKC-mediated signal pathway. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 820-829, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyi Yao
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yun
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Brown JC, Petersen A, Zhong L, Himelright ML, Murphy JA, Walikonis RS, Gerges NZ. Bidirectional regulation of synaptic transmission by BRAG1/IQSEC2 and its requirement in long-term depression. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11080. [PMID: 27009485 PMCID: PMC4820844 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the proteins regulating synaptic function can cause synaptic plasticity imbalance that underlies neurological disorders such as intellectual disability. A study found that four distinct mutations within BRAG1, an Arf-GEF synaptic protein, each led to X-chromosome-linked intellectual disability (XLID). Although the physiological functions of BRAG1 are poorly understood, each of these mutations reduces BRAG1's Arf-GEF activity. Here we show that BRAG1 is required for the activity-dependent removal of AMPA receptors in rat hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Moreover, we show that BRAG1 bidirectionally regulates synaptic transmission. On one hand, BRAG1 is required for the maintenance of synaptic transmission. On the other hand, BRAG1 expression enhances synaptic transmission, independently of BRAG1 Arf-GEF activity or neuronal activity, but dependently on its C-terminus interactions. This study demonstrates a dual role of BRAG1 in synaptic function and highlights the functional relevance of reduced BRAG1 Arf-GEF activity as seen in the XLID-associated human mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C Brown
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53132 USA
| | - Amber Petersen
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53132 USA
| | - Ling Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53132 USA
| | - Miranda L Himelright
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269 USA
| | - Jessica A Murphy
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269 USA
| | - Randall S Walikonis
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269 USA
| | - Nashaat Z Gerges
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53132 USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Camera D, Coleman HA, Parkington HC, Jenkins TA, Pow DV, Boase N, Kumar S, Poronnik P. Learning, memory and long-term potentiation are altered in Nedd4 heterozygous mice. Behav Brain Res 2016; 303:176-81. [PMID: 26821291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The consolidation of short-term memory into long-term memory involves changing protein level and activity for the synaptic plasticity required for long-term potentiation (LTP). AMPA receptor trafficking is a key determinant of LTP and recently ubiquitination by Nedd4 has been shown to play an important role via direct action on the GluA1 subunit, although the physiological relevance of these findings are yet to be determined. We therefore investigated learning and memory in Nedd4(+/-) mice that have a 50% reduction in levels of Nedd4. These mice showed decreased long-term spatial memory as evidenced by significant increases in the time taken to learn the location of and subsequently find a platform in the Morris water maze. In contrast, there were no significant differences between Nedd4(+/+) and Nedd4(+/-) mice in terms of short-term spatial memory in a Y-maze test. Nedd4(+/-) mice also displayed a significant reduction in post-synaptic LTP measured in hippocampal brain slices. Immunofluorescence of Nedd4 in the hippocampus confirmed its expression in hippocampal neurons of the CA1 region. These findings indicate that reducing Nedd4 protein by 50% significantly impairs LTP and long-term memory thereby demonstrating an important role for Nedd4 in these processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daria Camera
- Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Medical Science, RMIT University, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Harold A Coleman
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Trisha A Jenkins
- Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Medical Science, RMIT University, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - David V Pow
- Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Medical Science, RMIT University, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Natasha Boase
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Philip Poronnik
- Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Medical Science, RMIT University, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jain A, Balice-Gordon R. Cellular, synaptic, and circuit effects of antibodies in autoimmune CNS synaptopathies. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2016; 133:77-93. [PMID: 27112672 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63432-0.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, clinicians have identified overlapping but distinguishable encephalitides, each associated with antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid directed against specific cell surface proteins. The antibody targets identified to date are proteins that modulate cell physiology, synaptic transmission, and circuit function. Clinical and laboratory evidence suggests that the anti-cell surface antibodies are not simply markers of disease, but are pathogenic. Patient antibodies to N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), or gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptors cause a loss of cognate receptors from synapses, while recent work has shown that antibodies to GABAB receptors directly antagonize receptor activity. Despite the distinct mechanisms by which patient antibodies abrogate the function of their targets, the resulting pathophysiology leads to abnormal circuit activity and plasticity, which manifests as patient signs and symptoms. Understanding the underlying synaptic and circuit mechanisms of patient autoantibody action may enable clinicians to develop diagnostics and therapies unique to each synaptic autoimmunity subtype, thereby improving patient identification and outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Jain
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rita Balice-Gordon
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Neuroscience and Pain Research Unit, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Facilitated c-Fos Induction in Mice Deficient for the AMPA Receptor-Associated Protein Ckamp44. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2015; 36:1215-8. [PMID: 26645823 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The recently identified Cystine-knot containing AMPAR-associated protein (Ckamp44) represents a novel AMPAR-related protein that critically controls AMPAR-mediated currents and short-term plasticity. However, the effects of the lack of this protein at network level are not entirely understood. Here we used c-Fos brain mapping to analyse whether the excitatory/inhibitory balance is altered in the absence of the Ckamp44. We found that Ckamp44(-/-) mice treated with an NMDAR antagonist exhibited a very robust c-Fos expression pattern, similar with that seen in mice lacking the GluN2A subunit of NMDAR treated with the same compound. This finding is unexpected, in particular, since Ckamp44 expression is strongest in dentate gyrus granule cells and less abundant in the rest of the brain.
Collapse
|
33
|
Höftberger R, van Sonderen A, Leypoldt F, Houghton D, Geschwind M, Gelfand J, Paredes M, Sabater L, Saiz A, Titulaer MJ, Graus F, Dalmau J. Encephalitis and AMPA receptor antibodies: Novel findings in a case series of 22 patients. Neurology 2015; 84:2403-12. [PMID: 25979696 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We report the clinical features, comorbidities, and outcome of 22 newly identified patients with antibodies to the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR). METHODS This was a retrospective review of patients diagnosed between May 2009 and March 2014. Immunologic techniques have been reported previously. RESULTS Patients' median age was 62 years (range 23-81; 14 female). Four syndromes were identified: 12 (55%) patients presented with distinctive limbic encephalitis (LE), 8 (36%) with limbic dysfunction along with multifocal/diffuse encephalopathy, one with LE preceded by motor deficits, and one with psychosis with bipolar features. Fourteen patients (64%) had a tumor demonstrated pathologically (5 lung, 4 thymoma, 2 breast, 2 ovarian teratoma) or radiologically (1 lung). Additional antibodies occurred in 7 patients (3 onconeuronal, 1 tumor-related, 2 cell surface, and 1 tumor-related and cell surface), all with neurologic symptoms or tumor reflecting the concurrent autoimmunity. Treatment and outcome were available from 21 patients (median follow-up 72 weeks, range 5-266): 5 had good response to immunotherapy and tumor therapy, 10 partial response, and 6 did not improve. Eventually 5 patients died; all had a tumor or additional paraneoplastic symptoms related to onconeuronal antibodies. Coexistence of onconeuronal antibodies predicted a poor outcome (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Anti-AMPAR encephalitis usually manifests as LE, can present with other symptoms or psychosis, and is paraneoplastic in 64% of cases. Complete and impressive neurologic improvement can occur, but most patients have partial recovery. Screening for a tumor and onconeuronal antibodies is important because their detection influences outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romana Höftberger
- From the Service of Neurology (R.H., L.S., A.S., F.G.), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona and Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain; the Institute of Neurology (R.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands; the Department of Neurology and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (F.L.), University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Germany; the Department of Neurology (D.H.), Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; the Memory and Aging Center (M.G., J.G.) and the Department of Neurology (M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; and the Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Agnes van Sonderen
- From the Service of Neurology (R.H., L.S., A.S., F.G.), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona and Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain; the Institute of Neurology (R.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands; the Department of Neurology and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (F.L.), University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Germany; the Department of Neurology (D.H.), Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; the Memory and Aging Center (M.G., J.G.) and the Department of Neurology (M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; and the Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Frank Leypoldt
- From the Service of Neurology (R.H., L.S., A.S., F.G.), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona and Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain; the Institute of Neurology (R.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands; the Department of Neurology and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (F.L.), University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Germany; the Department of Neurology (D.H.), Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; the Memory and Aging Center (M.G., J.G.) and the Department of Neurology (M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; and the Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - David Houghton
- From the Service of Neurology (R.H., L.S., A.S., F.G.), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona and Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain; the Institute of Neurology (R.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands; the Department of Neurology and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (F.L.), University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Germany; the Department of Neurology (D.H.), Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; the Memory and Aging Center (M.G., J.G.) and the Department of Neurology (M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; and the Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Michael Geschwind
- From the Service of Neurology (R.H., L.S., A.S., F.G.), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona and Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain; the Institute of Neurology (R.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands; the Department of Neurology and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (F.L.), University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Germany; the Department of Neurology (D.H.), Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; the Memory and Aging Center (M.G., J.G.) and the Department of Neurology (M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; and the Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Jeffrey Gelfand
- From the Service of Neurology (R.H., L.S., A.S., F.G.), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona and Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain; the Institute of Neurology (R.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands; the Department of Neurology and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (F.L.), University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Germany; the Department of Neurology (D.H.), Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; the Memory and Aging Center (M.G., J.G.) and the Department of Neurology (M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; and the Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Mercedes Paredes
- From the Service of Neurology (R.H., L.S., A.S., F.G.), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona and Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain; the Institute of Neurology (R.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands; the Department of Neurology and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (F.L.), University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Germany; the Department of Neurology (D.H.), Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; the Memory and Aging Center (M.G., J.G.) and the Department of Neurology (M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; and the Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Lidia Sabater
- From the Service of Neurology (R.H., L.S., A.S., F.G.), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona and Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain; the Institute of Neurology (R.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands; the Department of Neurology and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (F.L.), University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Germany; the Department of Neurology (D.H.), Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; the Memory and Aging Center (M.G., J.G.) and the Department of Neurology (M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; and the Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Albert Saiz
- From the Service of Neurology (R.H., L.S., A.S., F.G.), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona and Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain; the Institute of Neurology (R.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands; the Department of Neurology and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (F.L.), University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Germany; the Department of Neurology (D.H.), Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; the Memory and Aging Center (M.G., J.G.) and the Department of Neurology (M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; and the Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Maarten J Titulaer
- From the Service of Neurology (R.H., L.S., A.S., F.G.), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona and Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain; the Institute of Neurology (R.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands; the Department of Neurology and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (F.L.), University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Germany; the Department of Neurology (D.H.), Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; the Memory and Aging Center (M.G., J.G.) and the Department of Neurology (M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; and the Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Francesc Graus
- From the Service of Neurology (R.H., L.S., A.S., F.G.), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona and Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain; the Institute of Neurology (R.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands; the Department of Neurology and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (F.L.), University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Germany; the Department of Neurology (D.H.), Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; the Memory and Aging Center (M.G., J.G.) and the Department of Neurology (M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; and the Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Josep Dalmau
- From the Service of Neurology (R.H., L.S., A.S., F.G.), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona and Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Spain; the Institute of Neurology (R.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S., M.J.T.), Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; the Department of Neurology (A.v.S.), Haga Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands; the Department of Neurology and Institute of Clinical Chemistry (F.L.), University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Germany; the Department of Neurology (D.H.), Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA; the Memory and Aging Center (M.G., J.G.) and the Department of Neurology (M.P.), University of California, San Francisco; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) (J.D.), IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; and the Department of Neurology (J.D.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Freudenberg F, Celikel T, Reif A. The role of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in depression: central mediators of pathophysiology and antidepressant activity? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 52:193-206. [PMID: 25783220 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a major psychiatric disorder affecting more than 120 million people worldwide every year. Changes in monoaminergic transmitter release are suggested to take part in the pathophysiology of depression. However, more recent experimental evidence suggests that glutamatergic mechanisms might play a more central role in the development of this disorder. The importance of the glutamatergic system in depression was particularly highlighted by the discovery that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists (particularly ketamine) exert relatively long-lasting antidepressant like effects with rapid onset. Importantly, the antidepressant-like effects of NMDA receptor antagonists, but also other antidepressants (both classical and novel), require activation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. Additionally, expression of AMPA receptors is altered in patients with depression. Moreover, preclinical evidence supports an important involvement of AMPA receptor-dependent signaling and plasticity in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Here we summarize work published on the involvement of AMPA receptors in depression and discuss a possible central role for AMPA receptors in the pathophysiology, course and treatment of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Freudenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Tansu Celikel
- Department of Neurophysiology, Donders Center for Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 AA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yao G, Yue H, Yun Y, Sang N. Chronic SO2 inhalation above environmental standard impairs neuronal behavior and represses glutamate receptor gene expression and memory-related kinase activation via neuroinflammation in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 137:85-93. [PMID: 25498917 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2), as a ubiquitous air pollutant implicated in the genesis of pulmonary disease, is now being considered to be involved in neurotoxicity and increased risk for hospitalization of brain disorders. However, comparatively little is known about the impact of chronically SO2 inhalation on neuronal function. In the present study, by exposing male Wistar rats to SO2 at 3.50 and 7.00 mg/m(3) (approximately 1225 and 2450 ppb, 4.08-8.16 (24h average concentration) times higher than the EPA standard for environmental air concentrations) or filtered air for 90 days, we investigated the impact of chronic SO2 inhalation on performance in Morris water maze, and probed the accompanying neurobiological effects, including activity-regulated cytoskeletal associated gene (Arc) and glutamate receptor gene expression, memory-related kinase level and inflammatory cytokine release in the hippocampus. Here, we found that SO2 exposure reduced the number of target zone crossings and time spent in the target quadrant during the test session in the spatial memory retention of the Morris water maze. Following the neuro-functional abnormality, we detected that SO2 inhalation reduced the expression of Arc and glutamate receptor subunits (GluR1, GluR2, NR1, NR2A, and NR2B) with a concentration-dependent property in comparison to controls. Additionally, the expression of memory kinases was attenuated statistically in the animals receiving the higher concentration, including protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseIIα (CaMKIIα). And the inflammatory cytokine release was increased in rats exposed to SO2. Taken together, our results suggest that long-term exposure to SO2 air pollution at concentrations above the environmental standard in rats impaired spatial learning and memory, and indicate a close link between the neurobiological changes highlighted in the brain and the behavioral disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyi Yao
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Huifeng Yue
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Yang Yun
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Peng X, Hughes EG, Moscato EH, Parsons TD, Dalmau J, Balice-Gordon RJ. Cellular plasticity induced by anti-α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor encephalitis antibodies. Ann Neurol 2015; 77:381-98. [PMID: 25369168 PMCID: PMC4365686 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective Autoimmune-mediated anti–α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) encephalitis is a severe but treatment-responsive disorder with prominent short-term memory loss and seizures. The mechanisms by which patient antibodies affect synapses and neurons leading to symptoms are poorly understood. Methods The effects of patient antibodies on cultures of live rat hippocampal neurons were determined with immunostaining, Western blot, and electrophysiological analyses. Results We show that patient antibodies cause a selective decrease in the total surface amount and synaptic localization of GluA1- and GluA2-containing AMPARs, regardless of receptor subunit binding specificity, through increased internalization and degradation of surface AMPAR clusters. In contrast, patient antibodies do not alter the density of excitatory synapses, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) clusters, or cell viability. Commercially available AMPAR antibodies directed against extracellular epitopes do not result in a loss of surface and synaptic receptor clusters, suggesting specific effects of patient antibodies. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings of spontaneous miniature postsynaptic currents show that patient antibodies decrease AMPAR-mediated currents, but not NMDAR-mediated currents. Interestingly, several functional properties of neurons are also altered: inhibitory synaptic currents and vesicular γ-aminobutyric acid transporter (vGAT) staining intensity decrease, whereas the intrinsic excitability of neurons and short-interval firing increase. Interpretation These results establish that antibodies from patients with anti-AMPAR encephalitis selectively eliminate surface and synaptic AMPARs, resulting in a homeostatic decrease in inhibitory synaptic transmission and increased intrinsic excitability, which may contribute to the memory deficits and epilepsy that are prominent in patients with this disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Peng
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Varley J, Vincent A, Irani SR. Clinical and experimental studies of potentially pathogenic brain-directed autoantibodies: current knowledge and future directions. J Neurol 2014; 262:1081-95. [PMID: 25491076 PMCID: PMC4412383 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7600-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of neuronal surface-directed antibody-mediated diseases of the central nervous system has dramatically expanded in the last few years and now forms an important cluster of treatable neurological conditions. In this review, we focus on three areas. First, we review the demographics, clinical features and treatment responses of these conditions. Second, we consider their pathophysiology and compare autoantibody mechanisms and their effects to genetic or pharmacological disruptions of the target antigens. Third, we discuss areas of controversy within the field, propose possible resolutions, and explore new directions for neuronal surface antibody-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Varley
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, West Wing, Level 6, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Angela Vincent
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, West Wing, Level 6, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| | - Sarosh R. Irani
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, West Wing, Level 6, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Autoimmune-induced glutamatergic receptor dysfunctions: conceptual and psychiatric practice implications. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 23:1659-71. [PMID: 23791073 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glutamatergic neurotransmission is mediated via complex receptorial systems including N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolpropionic acid (AMPA) and metabotropic receptor subtypes and plays a critical role in the modulation of synaptic plasticity, mood, cognitive processes and motor behavior. Glutamatergic function deficits are hypothesized to contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, mood and movement disorders. Accumulating data are rapidly leading to the characterization of specific types of autoimmune encephalitis in which the receptors and proteins critically involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission, e.g., NMDA, AMPA receptors, are antigen targets. Characteristic of these syndromes, antibodies alter the structure and/or function of the corresponding neuronal antigen resulting in clinical pictures that resemble pharmacological disease models. Presently the best characterized autoimmune glutamatergic disorder is anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. This disorder manifests with intertwined psychiatric and neurological features, defines a new syndrome, reclassifies poorly defined clinical states and extends previous hypotheses, such as hypo-NMDA receptor function in schizophrenia. The characterization of autoimmune-induced glutamatergic receptor dysfunctions (AGRD) is likely to have a substantial conceptual impact upon our understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, affective and movement dysfunctions. Further definition of AGRD will provide additional guidelines for psychiatric diagnoses, identification of homogeneous patient subtypes within broad phenomenological classifications and will contribute to the development of personalized treatments. The body of knowledge already accumulated on anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis highlights the need for wide dissemination of these concepts among psychiatrists, and in suspected cases, for early recognition, prompt clinical and laboratory investigation and efficient interface between mental health and medical teams.
Collapse
|
39
|
Li L, Yin J, Jie PH, Lu ZH, Zhou LB, Chen L, Chen L. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 mediates hypotonicity-induced enhancement of synaptic transmission in hippocampal slices. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:854-62. [PMID: 23826708 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM AND METHODS Changes in cerebrospinal fluid osmotic pressure modulate brain excitability. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), which is sensitive to hypotonic stimulation, is expressed in hippocampus. The present study investigated the effect of hypotonic stimulation on hippocampal synaptic transmission and the role of TRPV4 in hypotonicity-action using electrophysiological recording and pharmacological technique. RESULTS Accompanied with the decrease in paired pulse facilitation, field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) was enhanced by hypotonicity and TRPV4 agonist 4α-PDD in hippocampal slices, which was sensitive to TRPV4 antagonist HC-067047. Hypotonicity-induced increase in fEPSP was blocked by α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor antagonist, but not N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor or N- or P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel antagonist. High voltage-gated calcium current (ICa ) in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons was not affected by hypotonicity. AMPA-activated current (IAMPA ) in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons was increased by hypotonicity and 4α-PDD, which was attenuated by HC-067047. Inhibition of protein kinase C or protein kinase A markedly attenuated hypotonicity-increased IAMPA , whereas antagonism of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II had no such effect. CONCLUSION TRPV4 is involved in hypotonicity-induced enhancement of hippocampal synaptic transmission, which may be mediated through promoting presynaptic glutamate release and increasing postsynaptic AMPA receptor function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mehmood T, Schneider A, Pannetier S, Hanauer A. Rsk2 Knockdown in PC12 Cells Results in Sp1 Dependent Increased Expression of the Gria2 Gene, Encoding the AMPA Receptor Subunit GluR2. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:3358-75. [PMID: 23389038 PMCID: PMC3588048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14023358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The RSK2 protein is a member of the RSK serine-threonine protein kinase family and is encoded by the X-linked rps6ka3 gene in human. Highly heterogeneous loss-of-function mutations affecting this gene are responsible for a severe syndromic form of cognitive impairment, Coffin-Lowry syndrome. RSK2, which is highly conserved in mammals, acts at the distal end of the Ras-ERK signaling pathway and is activated in response to growth factors and neurotransmitters. RSK2 is highly expressed in the hippocampus, and Rsk2-KO mice display spatial learning and memory impairment. We recently showed that ERK1/2 activity is abnormally increased in the hippocampus of Rsk2-KO mice as well as the expression of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR2. The mechanism via which RSK2 deficiency affects the expression of GluR2 in neural cells was unknown. To address this issue we constitutively suppressed the expression of RSK2 in PC12 cells via vector-based shRNA in the present study. We show that Rsk2 silencing leads also to an elevation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation as well as of GluR2 expression and that the increased level of GluR2 expression results from the increased ERK1/2 activity on the transcription factor Sp1. Our results provide evidence that RSK2 modulates ERK1/2 activity on Sp1, which regulates GluR2 expression through transcriptional activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Mehmood
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, INSERM U 964, CNRS UMR 1704, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France; E-Mails: (A.S.); (S.P.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (T.M.); (A.H.); Tel.: +92-48-9230546 (T.M.); Fax: +92-48-3222121 (T.M.)
| | - Anne Schneider
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, INSERM U 964, CNRS UMR 1704, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France; E-Mails: (A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Solange Pannetier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, INSERM U 964, CNRS UMR 1704, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France; E-Mails: (A.S.); (S.P.)
| | - André Hanauer
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Department of Translational Medicine and Neurogenetics, INSERM U 964, CNRS UMR 1704, Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France; E-Mails: (A.S.); (S.P.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (T.M.); (A.H.); Tel.: +92-48-9230546 (T.M.); Fax: +92-48-3222121 (T.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yang YM, Aitoubah J, Lauer AM, Nuriya M, Takamiya K, Jia Z, May BJ, Huganir RL, Wang LY. GluA4 is indispensable for driving fast neurotransmission across a high-fidelity central synapse. J Physiol 2011; 589:4209-27. [PMID: 21690196 PMCID: PMC3180579 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2011.208066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast excitatory synaptic transmission in central synapses is mediated primarily by AMPA receptors (AMPARs), which are heteromeric assemblies of four subunits, GluA1-4. Among these subunits, rapidly gating GluA3/4 appears to be the most abundantly expressed to enable neurotransmission with submillisecond precision at fast rates in subsets of central synapses. However, neither definitive identification of the molecular substrate for native AMPARs in these neurons, nor their hypothesized functional roles in vivo has been unequivocally demonstrated, largely due to lack of specific antagonists. Using GluA3 or GluA4 knockout (KO) mice, we investigated these issues at the calyx of Held synapse, which is known as a high-fidelity synapse involved in sound localization. Patch-clamp recordings from postsynaptic neurons showed that deletion of GluA4 significantly slowed the time course of both evoked and miniature AMPAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (AMPAR-EPSCs), reduced their amplitude, and exacerbated AMPAR desensitization and short-term depression (STD). Surprisingly, presynaptic release probability was also elevated, contributing to severe STD at GluA4-KO synapses. In contrast, only marginal changes in AMPAR-EPSCs were found in GluA3-KO mice. Furthermore, independent of changes in intrinsic excitability of postsynaptic neurons, deletion of GluA4 markedly reduced synaptic drive and increased action potential failures during high-frequency activity, leading to profound deficits in specific components of the auditory brainstem responses associated with synchronized spiking in the calyx of Held synapse and other related neurons in vivo. These observations identify GluA4 as the main determinant for fast synaptic response, indispensable for driving high-fidelity neurotransmission and conveying precise temporal information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Mei Yang
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, The Hospital For Sick Children and Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Robinet C, Pellerin L. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor enhances the hippocampal expression of key postsynaptic proteins in vivo including the monocarboxylate transporter MCT2. Neuroscience 2011; 192:155-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
43
|
Lauritzen KH, Cheng C, Wiksen H, Bergersen LH, Klungland A. Mitochondrial DNA toxicity compromises mitochondrial dynamics and induces hippocampal antioxidant defenses. DNA Repair (Amst) 2011; 10:639-53. [PMID: 21550321 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2011.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that can be actively transported within the cell to satisfy local requirements. They are vital for providing cellular energy, but are also an important endogenous source of reactive oxygen species. The distribution of mitochondria is particularly important for neurons because of the morphological complexity of these cells, and because neural processing is metabolically expensive. Defects in mitochondrial distribution, observed in several neurodegenerative diseases, can result in synaptic dysfunction. We have generated transgenic mice expressing an enzyme in forebrain neurons that causes mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage in the form of abasic-sites, creating mtDNA toxicity. Here, we report that mitochondrial distribution is disturbed in hippocampal neurons of these mice. Moreover, mtDNA copy number and mitochondrial transcription are reduced, and oxidative stress is increased. There is also a loss of receptors at excitatory glutamatergic synapses in the dentate gyrus, and the size of the postsynaptic density in this region is abnormal. We speculate that the loss of synaptic mitochondria caused by accumulation in the neuronal cell body contributes to the observed synaptic abnormalities, as well as the overall loss of mtDNA and diminished mitochondrial transcription. Collectively, these changes lead to mitochondria with reduced function and increased oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Knut H Lauritzen
- Centre for Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, NO-0027 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
The role of NMDA and AMPA/Kainate receptors in the consolidation of catalepsy sensitization. Behav Brain Res 2011; 218:194-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
45
|
Anliker B, Abel T, Kneissl S, Hlavaty J, Caputi A, Brynza J, Schneider IC, Münch RC, Petznek H, Kontermann RE, Koehl U, Johnston ICD, Keinänen K, Müller UC, Hohenadl C, Monyer H, Cichutek K, Buchholz CJ. Specific gene transfer to neurons, endothelial cells and hematopoietic progenitors with lentiviral vectors. Nat Methods 2010; 7:929-35. [PMID: 20935652 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We present a flexible and highly specific targeting method for lentiviral vectors based on single-chain antibodies recognizing cell-surface antigens. We generated lentiviral vectors specific for human CD105(+) endothelial cells, human CD133(+) hematopoietic progenitors and mouse GluA-expressing neurons. Lentiviral vectors specific for CD105 or for CD20 transduced their target cells as efficiently as VSV-G pseudotyped vectors but discriminated between endothelial cells and lymphocytes in mixed cultures. CD133-targeted vectors transduced CD133(+) cultured hematopoietic progenitor cells more efficiently than VSV-G pseudotyped vectors, resulting in stable long-term transduction. Lentiviral vectors targeted to the glutamate receptor subunits GluA2 and GluA4 exhibited more than 94% specificity for neurons in cerebellar cultures and when injected into the adult mouse brain. We observed neuron-specific gene modification upon transfer of the Cre recombinase gene into the hippocampus of reporter mice. This approach allowed targeted gene transfer to many cell types of interest with an unprecedented degree of specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Anliker
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cabral ALB, Santana RF, da Silva VO, de Toledo CAB. GluR2/3 label expression of the AMPA-type glutamate receptor in the hippocampal formation of the homing pigeon stabilizes just after birth. Neurosci Lett 2010; 483:73-7. [PMID: 20674673 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The compositions of the glutamate AMPA-type receptors influence the neural response and the subunits GluR2/3 has been referred to as essential for receptor trafficking and synapse consolidation. We investigate the GluR2/3 occurrence and expression in the hippocampal formation of newly born homing pigeons by a semi-quantitative approach, the Western-blotting technique and by immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity for GluR2/3 occurs before hatching has been evident in neuropil that was fully dispersed over the hippocampus proper (HP) and the area parahippocampalis (APH). Although many HP cells are NeuN-positives, a specific neuronal protein indicating that they are already differentiated as neurons while not one contains GluR2/3 at the hatching day (P0). Few neurons at the APH seem to express GluR2/3 at P0, but 3 days later (P3) the GluR2/3 labeling can be recognized in many HP neurons, showing a distribution pattern that resembles the adult, gradually increasing in intensity until P10. Also, the Western-blot shows an augment between P0 and P3, remaining stable after that. The enhancement of the neuronal label at P3 coincides with the retraction of the GluR2/3 label in neuropil, reducing their occurrence during the maturational period to become restricted to the dorsomedial portion as reported for adults. As the HP GluR2/3-containing cells are supposedly projecting neurons, taking together, the results signalize the relevance of the GluR2/3 in post-hatch formation of avian hippocampal circuitry in which the third day seems to be the critical period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lucia Beirão Cabral
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Neurociências, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, 03071-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Moscato EH, Jain A, Peng X, Hughes EG, Dalmau J, Balice-Gordon RJ. Mechanisms underlying autoimmune synaptic encephalitis leading to disorders of memory, behavior and cognition: insights from molecular, cellular and synaptic studies. Eur J Neurosci 2010; 32:298-309. [PMID: 20646055 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07349.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recently, several novel, potentially lethal and treatment-responsive syndromes that affect hippocampal and cortical function have been shown to be associated with auto-antibodies against synaptic antigens, notably glutamate or GABA-B receptors. Patients with these auto-antibodies, sometimes associated with teratomas and other neoplasms, present with psychiatric symptoms, seizures, memory deficits and decreased levels of consciousness. These symptoms often improve dramatically after immunotherapy or tumor resection. Here we review studies of the cellular and synaptic effects of these antibodies in hippocampal neurons in vitro and preliminary work in rodent models. Our work suggests that patient antibodies lead to rapid and reversible removal of neurotransmitter receptors from synaptic sites, leading to changes in synaptic and circuit function that in turn are likely to lead to behavioral deficits. We also discuss several of the many questions raised by these and related disorders. Determining the mechanisms underlying these novel anti-neurotransmitter receptor encephalopathies will provide insights into the cellular and synaptic bases of the memory and cognitive deficits that are hallmarks of these disorders, and potentially suggest avenues for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia H Moscato
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6074, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Billa SK, Liu J, Bjorklund NL, Sinha N, Fu Y, Shinnick-Gallagher P, Morón JA. Increased insertion of glutamate receptor 2-lacking alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors at hippocampal synapses upon repeated morphine administration. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 77:874-83. [PMID: 20159947 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.060301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the long-term adaptations in the hippocampus after repeated drug treatment may parallel its role during memory formation. The neuroplasticity that subserves learning and memory is also believed to underlie addictive processes. We have reported previously that repeated morphine administration alters local distribution of endocytic proteins at hippocampal synapses, which could in turn affect expression of glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic systems, including alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs), are believed to be involved in opiate-induced neuronal and behavioral plasticity, although the mechanisms underlying these effects are only beginning to be understood. The present study further examines the effects of repeated morphine administration on the expression and composition of AMPARs and the functional ramifications. Twelve hours after the last morphine injection, we observed an increased expression of AMPARs lacking glutamate receptor (GluR) 2 in hippocampal synaptic fractions. Immunoblotting studies show that 12 h after morphine treatment, GluR1 subunits are increased at the postsynaptic density (PSD) and at extrasynaptic sites, whereas GluR3 subunits are only increased at the PSD, and they show how this alters receptor subunit composition. In addition, we provide electrophysiological evidence that AMPARs are switched to Ca(2+)-permeable (GluR2-lacking) at the synapse 12 h after repeated morphine treatment, affecting the magnitude of long-term depression at hippocampal neurons. We propose that morphine-induced changes in glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the hippocampus may play an important role in the neuroadaptations induced by repeated morphine administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie K Billa
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Stress at learning facilitates memory formation by regulating AMPA receptor trafficking through a glucocorticoid action. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010; 35:674-85. [PMID: 19890264 PMCID: PMC3055605 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2009.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stress and glucocorticoids (GCs) can facilitate memory formation. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating their effects are largely unknown. Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor (AMPAR) trafficking has been implicated in the changes in synaptic strength at central glutamatergic synapses associated with memory formation. In cell cultures, corticosterone has been shown to condition the synaptic trafficking of the AMPAR GluA2 subunit. In this study, we investigated the involvement of GluA2 trafficking in the facilitation of learning by stress. Using the water maze spatial task involving different stress levels, mice trained under more stressful conditions (water at 22 degrees C) showed better learning and memory, and higher post-training corticosterone levels, than mice trained under lower stress (water at 30 degrees C). Strikingly, this facilitated learning by stress was accompanied by enhanced synaptic expression of GluA2 AMPARs that was not observed in mice trained under less stressful conditions. Interfering with GC actions by injecting the GC synthesis inhibitor, metyrapone, blocked both the memory facilitation and the enhanced GluA2 trafficking induced by stressful learning. Intracerebroventricular infusion of the peptide, pep2m, that blocks GluA2 synaptic trafficking by interfering with the interaction between N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor and GluA2, impaired immediate performance at learning as well as long-term memory retrieval, supporting a causal role for GluA2 trafficking in stress-induced facilitation of spatial learning and memory. Evidence for the involvement of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin in interaction with GluA2 is also provided. These findings underscore a new mechanism whereby stress can improve memory function.
Collapse
|
50
|
Lai M, Hughes EG, Peng X, Zhou L, Gleichman AJ, Shu H, Matà S, Kremens D, Vitaliani R, Geschwind MD, Bataller L, Kalb RG, Davis R, Graus F, Lynch DR, Balice-Gordon R, Dalmau J. AMPA receptor antibodies in limbic encephalitis alter synaptic receptor location. Ann Neurol 2009; 65:424-34. [PMID: 19338055 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the clinical and immunological features of a novel autoantigen related to limbic encephalitis (LE) and the effect of patients' antibodies on neuronal cultures. METHODS We conducted clinical analyses of 10 patients with LE. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were used to identify the antigens. Human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing the antigens were used in immunocytochemistry and enzyme-linked immunoabsorption assay. The effect of patients' antibodies on cultures of live rat hippocampal neurons was determined with confocal microscopy. RESULTS Median age was 60 (38-87) years; 9 were women. Seven had tumors of the lung, breast, or thymus. Nine patients responded to immunotherapy or oncological therapy, but neurological relapses, without tumor recurrence, were frequent and influenced the long-term outcome. One untreated patient died of LE. All patients had antibodies against neuronal cell surface antigens that by immunoprecipitation were found to be the glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) and GluR2 subunits of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR). Human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing GluR1/2 reacted with all patients' sera or cerebrospinal fluid, providing a diagnostic test for the disorder. Application of antibodies to cultures of neurons significantly decreased the number of GluR2-containing AMPAR clusters at synapses with a smaller decrease in overall AMPAR cluster density; these effects were reversed after antibody removal. INTERPRETATION Antibodies to GluR1/2 associate with LE that is often paraneoplastic, treatment responsive, and has a tendency to relapse. Our findings support an antibody-mediated pathogenesis in which patients' antibodies alter the synaptic localization and number of AMPARs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meizan Lai
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|