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Qiu W, Zhao L, Liu H, Xu P, Qian C. Hypoxia-induced NOS1 as a therapeutic target in hypercholesterolemia-related colorectal cancer. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:14. [PMID: 38755702 PMCID: PMC11100240 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-024-00338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that hypercholesterolemia increases the risk of atherosclerosis, especially because it reduces the availability of nitric oxide (NO). However, the relationship between hypercholesterolemia and NO in regulating colorectal cancer development and progression remains unknown. METHODS We conducted bioinformatics analysis, qRT-PCR, ChIP-qPCR assays, luciferase report assays, clonogenic survival assays, and multiple mouse models to investigate the function and mechanism of hypercholesterolemia in regulating NO signaling. Additionally, NOS inhibitors were used to evaluate the potential of therapeutic strategy in anti-tumor response. RESULTS Here, we show that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) cholesterol and its receptor LOX-1 are essential for hypercholesterolemia-induced colorectal tumorigenesis. Mechanically, the oxLDL promotes the oxidant stress-dependent induction of hypoxia signaling to transcriptionally up-regulate NO synthase (NOS) especially NOS1 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. More importantly, our results suggested that selective inhibition of NOS1 with its specific inhibitor Nω-Propyl-L-arginine is a suitable therapeutic strategy for hypercholesterolemia-related CRC with both efficacy and toxicity reduction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings established that hypercholesterolemia induces the oxidant stress-dependent induction of hypoxia signaling to transcriptionally up-regulate NOS1 expression in CRC cells, and the clinically applicable NOS1 inhibitor Nω-Propyl-L-arginine represents an effective therapeutic strategy for hypercholesterolemia-related CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2000 Jiangyue Road, Shanghai, 200012, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200012, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2000 Jiangyue Road, Shanghai, 200012, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200012, China.
| | - Changlin Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2000 Jiangyue Road, Shanghai, 200012, China.
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Ali I, Zhang H, Zaidi SAA, Zhou G. Understanding the intricacies of cellular senescence in atherosclerosis: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102273. [PMID: 38492810 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is currently the largest cause of mortality and disability globally, surpassing communicable diseases, and atherosclerosis is the main contributor to this epidemic. Aging is intimately linked to atherosclerosis development and progression, however, the mechanism of aging in atherosclerosis is not well known. To emphasize the significant research on the involvement of senescent cells in atherosclerosis, we begin by outlining compelling evidence that indicates various types of senescent cells and SASP factors linked to atherosclerotic phenotypes. We subsequently provide a comprehensive summary of the existing knowledge, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms through which cellular senescence contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Further, we cover that senescence can be identified by both structural changes and several senescence-associated biomarkers. Finally, we discuss that preventing accelerated cellular senescence represents an important therapeutic potential, as permanent changes may occur in advanced atherosclerosis. Together, the review summarizes the relationship between cellular senescence and atherosclerosis, and inspects the molecular knowledge, and potential clinical significance of senescent cells in developing senescent-based therapy, thus providing crucial insights into their biology and potential therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Ali
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genomic Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Regenerative Technologies for Orthopaedic Diseases, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Hongliang Zhang
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Syed Aqib Ali Zaidi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genomic Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Regenerative Technologies for Orthopaedic Diseases, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Guangqian Zhou
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genomic Stability and Disease Prevention, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, and Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Regenerative Technologies for Orthopaedic Diseases, Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, PR China.
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Wei YC, Hsu CCH, Huang WY, Lin C, Chen CK, Chen YL, Chen PY, Shyu YC, Lin CP. Vascular risk factors and astrocytic marker for the glymphatic system activity. LA RADIOLOGIA MEDICA 2023; 128:1148-1161. [PMID: 37462887 PMCID: PMC10474179 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-023-01675-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glymphatic system maintains brain fluid circulation via active transportation of astrocytic aquaporin-4 in perivascular space. The diffusion tensor imaging analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) is an established method measuring perivascular glymphatic activity, but comprehensive investigations into its influential factors are lacking. METHODS Community-dwelling older adults underwent brain MRI scans, neuropsychiatric, and multi-domain assessments. Blood biomarker tests included glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) for astrocyte injury. RESULTS In 71 enrolled participants, the DTI-ALPS index was associated with modifiable factors, including lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein, r = 0.396; very-low-density lipoprotein, r = - 0.342), glucose intolerance (diabetes mellitus, standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.7662; glycated hemoglobin, r = - 0.324), obesity (body mass index, r = - 0.295; waist, r = - 0.455), metabolic syndrome (SMD = - 0.6068), cigarette-smoking (SMD = - 0.6292), and renal clearance (creatinine, r = - 0.387; blood urea nitrogen, r = - 0.303). Unmodifiable associative factors of DTI-ALPS were age (r = - 0.434) and sex (SMD = 1.0769) (all p < 0.05). A correlation of DTI-ALPS and blood GFAP was noticed (r = - 0.201, one-tailed t-test for the assumption that astrocytic injury impaired glymphatic activity, p = 0.046). Their cognitive correlations diverged, domain-specific for DTI-ALPS (Facial Memory Test, r = 0.272, p = 0.022) but global cognition-related for blood GFAP (MoCA, r = - 0.264, p = 0.026; ADAS-cog, r = 0.304, p = 0.010). CONCLUSION This correlation analysis revealed multiple modifiable and unmodifiable association factors to the glymphatic image marker. The DTI-ALPS index correlated with various metabolic factors that are known to increase the risk of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. Furthermore, the DTI-ALPS index was associated with renal indices, and this connection might be a link of water regulation between the two systems. In addition, the astrocytic biomarker, plasma GFAP, might be a potential marker of the glymphatic system; however, more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chia Wei
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chin Heather Hsu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chemin Lin
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ken Chen
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Liang Chen
- Department of Radiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Yuan Chen
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiau Shyu
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Urschel K, Hug KP, Zuo H, Büttner M, Furtmair R, Kuehn C, Stumpfe FM, Botos B, Achenbach S, Yuan Y, Dietel B, Tauchi M. The Shear Stress-Regulated Expression of Glypican-4 in Endothelial Dysfunction In Vitro and Its Clinical Significance in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11595. [PMID: 37511353 PMCID: PMC10380765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Retention of circulating lipoproteins by their interaction with extracellular matrix molecules has been suggested as an underlying mechanism for atherosclerosis. We investigated the role of glypican-4 (GPC4), a heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan, in the development of endothelial dysfunction and plaque progression; Expression of GPC4 and HS was investigated in human umbilical vein/artery endothelial cells (HUVECs/HUAECs) using flow cytometry, qPCR, and immunofluorescent staining. Leukocyte adhesion was determined in HUVECs in bifurcation chamber slides under dynamic flow. The association between the degree of inflammation and GPC4, HS, and syndecan-4 expressions was analyzed in human carotid plaques; GPC4 was expressed in HUVECs/HUAECs. In HUVECs, GPC4 protein expression was higher in laminar than in non-uniform shear stress regions after a 1-day or 10-day flow (p < 0.01 each). The HS expression was higher under laminar flow after a 1 day (p < 0.001). Monocytic THP-1 cell adhesion to HUVECs was facilitated by GPC4 knock-down (p < 0.001) without affecting adhesion molecule expression. GPC4 and HS expression was lower in more-inflamed than in less-inflamed plaque shoulders (p < 0.05, each), especially in vulnerable plaque sections; Reduced expression of GPC4 was associated with atherogenic conditions, suggesting the involvement of GPC4 in both early and advanced stages of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Urschel
- Department of Medicine 2—Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.U.); (K.P.H.); (R.F.); (S.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Karsten P. Hug
- Department of Medicine 2—Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.U.); (K.P.H.); (R.F.); (S.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Hanxiao Zuo
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (H.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Michael Büttner
- Department of Medicine 2—Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.U.); (K.P.H.); (R.F.); (S.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Roman Furtmair
- Department of Medicine 2—Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.U.); (K.P.H.); (R.F.); (S.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Constanze Kuehn
- Department of Medicine 2—Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.U.); (K.P.H.); (R.F.); (S.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Florian M. Stumpfe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Universitätsstraße 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Balaz Botos
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, General Hospital Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Stephan Achenbach
- Department of Medicine 2—Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.U.); (K.P.H.); (R.F.); (S.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Yan Yuan
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, 11405 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (H.Z.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Barbara Dietel
- Department of Medicine 2—Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.U.); (K.P.H.); (R.F.); (S.A.); (B.D.)
| | - Miyuki Tauchi
- Department of Medicine 2—Cardiology and Angiology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (K.U.); (K.P.H.); (R.F.); (S.A.); (B.D.)
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Vallée A. Arterial stiffness and biological parameters: A decision tree machine learning application in hypertensive participants. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288298. [PMID: 37418473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness, measured by arterial stiffness index (ASI), could be considered a main denominator in target organ damage among hypertensive subjects. Currently, no reported ASI normal references have been reported. The index of arterial stiffness is evaluated by calculation of a stiffness index. Predicted ASI can be estimated regardless to age, sex, mean blood pressure, and heart rate, to compose an individual stiffness index [(measured ASI-predicted ASI)/predicted ASI]. A stiffness index greater than zero defines arterial stiffness. Thus, the purpose of this study was 1) to determine determinants of stiffness index 2) to perform threshold values to discriminate stiffness index and then 3) to determine hierarchical associations of the determinants by performing a decision tree model among hypertensive participants without CV diseases. A study was conducted from 53,363 healthy participants in the UK Biobank survey to determine predicted ASI. Stiffness index was applied on 49,452 hypertensives without CV diseases to discriminate determinants of positive stiffness index (N = 22,453) from negative index (N = 26,999). The input variables for the models were clinical and biological parameters. The independent classifiers were ranked from the most sensitives: HDL cholesterol≤1.425 mmol/L, smoking pack years≥9.2pack-years, Phosphate≥1.172 mmol/L, to the most specifics: Cystatin c≤0.901 mg/L, Triglycerides≥1.487 mmol/L, Urate≥291.9 μmol/L, ALT≥22.13 U/L, AST≤32.5 U/L, Albumin≤45.92 g/L, Testosterone≥5.181 nmol/L. A decision tree model was performed to determine rules to highlight the different hierarchization and interactions between these classifiers with a higher performance than multiple logistic regression (p<0.001). The stiffness index could be an integrator of CV risk factors and participate in future CV risk management evaluations for preventive strategies. Decision trees can provide accurate and useful classification for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Foch hospital, Suresnes, France
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Nyamweya B, Rukshala D, Fernando N, de Silva R, Premawansa S, Handunnetti S. Cardioprotective Effects of Vitex negundo: A Review of Bioactive Extracts and Compounds. J Evid Based Integr Med 2023; 28:2515690X231176622. [PMID: 37279951 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x231176622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been accumulating interest in the application of medicinal plants as alternative medicine to treat various diseases and/or to develop modern medicines. Vitex negundo is one of such medicinal plants that has been of interest to many researchers and has been of use in traditional medicine. V. negundo is found in Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Malaysia, India, China, The Philippines and East Africa. Therapeutic properties of V. negundo have previously been reviewed. Different parts, preparations and bioactive components of V. negundo possess potential protective and therapeutic effects against cardiovascular disease and related conditions as demonstrated in previous studies. We review the present state of scientific knowledge on the potential use of V. negundo and some of its bioactive components in protecting against cardiovascular diseases and related pathologies. Previous studies in animal and non-animal experimental models, although limited in number and vary in design, seem to support the cardioprotective effect of V. negundo and some of its active components. However, there is need for further preclinical and clinical studies to validate the use of V. negundo and its active constituents in protection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, since only a few V. negundo compounds have been evaluated, specific cardioprotective effects or mechanisms and possible side effects of other V. negundo compounds need to be extensively evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boniface Nyamweya
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Dilani Rukshala
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Narmada Fernando
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Rajiva de Silva
- Department of Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Colombo 08, Sri Lanka
| | - Sunil Premawansa
- Departments of Zoology and Environment Sciences, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Shiroma Handunnetti
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
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Sakyi SA, Opoku AS, Amoani B, Afranie BO, Kwarteng A, Ephriam RD, Opoku S, Senu E, Aidoo E, Sarfo FS. Assessing the variability and the role of inflammatory cytokines and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in predicting stroke among hypertensives: A case-control study. DIALOGUES IN HEALTH 2022; 1:100086. [PMID: 38515909 PMCID: PMC10953871 DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.2022.100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis is a complex lipid-driven inflammatory disease in which numerous cell types and inflammatory mediators are involved in the progression of hypertension to stroke. Mediators' markers that could predict the progression of hypertension to stroke are of research importance. We assessed the predictive value of individual and combined cytokines and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) among hypertensives with or without stroke. Methods In a case-control study, we enrolled 63 cases with stroke and hypertension (HPT-S), 59 stroke-free hypertensives (HPT), and 53 stroke free normotensives as controls (CS). Sociodemographic data and blood samples were collected for the estimation of Interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) using commercially available ELISA kits from Biobase Biotech, Shanghai, China. The Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) analysis was used to calculate diagnostic accuracy for cytokines in predicting stroke among hypertensives. A combined bioscore model of IL-10 and MCP-1 was generated to predict stroke among hypertensives. The multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess the chances of IL-10 and MCP-1 in predicting stroke among hypertensives. Statistical analyses were performed using R-language. Results The HPT-S group had significantly higher levels of MCP-1 and IL-10 compared to the HPT and CS groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-6 amongst the three study groups. MCP-1 and IL-10 were predictive of stroke occurrence among hypertensives and were used to develop a bioscore model. An elevated MCP-1 and IL-10 with a bioscore 2 had a predictive accuracy of 0.81, a sensitivity of 0.77 and specificity of 0.84. At a bioscore of 1, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting stroke among hypertensives was 97.0% and 61.0% respectively. In a binary logistic regression, having a bioscore of 1 [aOR = 20.43, 95% CI (2.17-192.62), p = 0.008] or 2 [aOR = 26.00, 95% CI (2.92-231.31), p = 0.003] were significantly associated with stroke occurrence among hypertensives. Conclusion Higher levels of IL-10 with a concomitant level of MCP-1 could serve as a good predictor of stroke among hypertensives. Subsequently, MCP-1 may prove useful as a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis in hypertensives. Combined bioscore of MCP-1 and IL-10 could serve as a good predictor of stroke among hypertensives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Asamoah Sakyi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Afia Serwaa Opoku
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Benjamin Amoani
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Bright Oppong Afranie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander Kwarteng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard Dadzie Ephriam
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Stephen Opoku
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Senu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ebenezer Aidoo
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Accra Technical University, Accra, Ghana
| | - Fred Stephen Sarfo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
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Cho KH, Kim MC, Choo EH, Choi IJ, Lee SN, Park MW, Park CS, Kim HY, Kim CJ, Sim DS, Kim JH, Hong YJ, Jeong MH, Chang K, Ahn Y. Impact of Low Baseline Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol on Long-Term Postdischarge Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025958. [PMID: 36000434 PMCID: PMC9496430 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.025958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Real‐world data on low baseline low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels and long‐term postdischarge cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome are limited. Methods and Results Of the 10 719 patients enrolled in the Korean registry of acute myocardial infarction between January 2004 and August 2014, we identified 5532 patients who were event free from death, recurrent myocardial infarction, or stroke during the in‐hospital period after successful percutaneous coronary intervention. The co–primary outcomes were 3‐point major adverse cardiovascular events (a composite of nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death) and cardiovascular death at 5 years. Of 5532 patients with acute myocardial infarction (mean age, 62.1±12.8 years; 75.0% men), 446 cardiovascular deaths (8.1%) and 695 three‐point major adverse cardiovascular events (12.6%) occurred at 5 years. In the continuous analysis of LDL‐C, the risk of cardiovascular events increased steeply as LDL‐C levels decreased from 100 mg/dL. For categorical analysis of LDL‐C (<70, 70–99, and ≥100 mg/dL), as LDL‐C levels decreased, clinical outcomes worsened (237/3759 [6.3%] in LDL‐C ≥100 mg/dL versus 123/1291 [9.5%] in LDL‐C 70–99 mg/dL versus 86/482 [17.8%] in LDL‐C <70 mg/dL for cardiovascular death; P‐trend<0.001; and 417/3759 [11.1%] in LDL‐C ≥100 mg/dL versus 172/1291 [13.3%] in LDL‐C 70–99 mg/dL versus 106/482 [22.2%] in LDL‐C <70 mg/dL for 3‐point major adverse cardiovascular event; P‐trend<0.001). In a Cox time‐to‐event multivariable model with LDL‐C levels ≥100 mg/dL as the reference, the baseline LDL‐C level <70 mg/dL was independently associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular death (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.68 [95% CI, 1.30–2.17]) and 3‐point major adverse cardiovascular event (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.10–1.71]). Conclusions In this Korean acute myocardial infarction registry, the baseline LDL‐C level <70 mg/dL was significantly associated with an increased incidence of long‐term cardiovascular events after discharge. (COREA [Cardiovascular Risk and Identification of Potential High‐Risk Population]‐Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry; NCT02806102). Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/; Unique identifier: NCT02806102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hoon Cho
- Department of Cardiology Chonnam National University Hospital Gwangju Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chul Kim
- Department of Cardiology Chonnam National University Hospital Gwangju Republic of Korea.,Department of Cardiology Chonnam National University Medical School Hwasun-gun Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ho Choo
- Department of Cardiology Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ik Jun Choi
- Department of Cardiology Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Incheon Republic of Korea
| | - Su Nam Lee
- Department of Cardiology St Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Suwon Republic of Korea
| | - Mahn-Won Park
- Department of Cardiology Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soo Park
- Department of Cardiology Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yeol Kim
- Department of Cardiology Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Bucheon Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Joon Kim
- Department of Cardiology Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Sun Sim
- Department of Cardiology Chonnam National University Hospital Gwangju Republic of Korea.,Department of Cardiology Chonnam National University Medical School Hwasun-gun Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Han Kim
- Department of Cardiology Chonnam National University Hospital Gwangju Republic of Korea.,Department of Cardiology Chonnam National University Medical School Hwasun-gun Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joon Hong
- Department of Cardiology Chonnam National University Hospital Gwangju Republic of Korea.,Department of Cardiology Chonnam National University Medical School Hwasun-gun Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Department of Cardiology Chonnam National University Hospital Gwangju Republic of Korea.,Department of Cardiology Chonnam National University Medical School Hwasun-gun Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyuk Chang
- Department of Cardiology Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology Chonnam National University Hospital Gwangju Republic of Korea.,Department of Cardiology Chonnam National University Medical School Hwasun-gun Republic of Korea
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9
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Mandel A, Schwarting A, Cavagna L, Triantafyllias K. Novel Surrogate Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in the Setting of Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: Current Data and Implications for the Future. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:820263. [PMID: 35847825 PMCID: PMC9279857 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.820263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from rheumatologic diseases are known to have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although the pathological mechanisms behind this excess risk have been increasingly better understood, there still seems to be a general lack of consensus in early detection and treatment of endothelial dysfunction and CVD risk in patients suffering from rheumatologic diseases and in particular in those who haven't yet shown symptoms of CVD. Traditional CVD prediction scores, such as Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), Framingham, or PROCAM Score have been proposed as valid assessment tools of CVD risk in the general population. However, these risk calculators developed for the general population do not factor in the effect of the inflammatory burden, as well as other factors that can increase CVD risk in patients with rheumatic diseases, such as glucocorticoid therapy, abnormal lipoprotein function, endothelial dysfunction or accelerated atherosclerosis. Thus, their sole use could lead to underestimation of CVD risk in patients with rheumatic diseases. Therefore, there is a need for new biomarkers which will allow a valid and early assessment of CVD risk. In recent years, different research groups, including ours, have examined the value of different CVD risk factors such as carotid sonography, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, flow-mediated arterial dilation and others in the assessment of CVD risk. Moreover, various novel CVD laboratory markers have been examined in the setting of autoimmune diseases, such as Paraoxonase activity, Endocan and Osteoprotegerin. Dyslipidemia in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is for instance better quantified by lipoproteins and apolipoproteins than by cholesterol levels; screening as well as pre-emptive carotid sonography hold promise to identify patients earlier, when prophylaxis is more likely to be effective. The early detection of subtle changes indicating CVD in asymptomatic patients has been facilitated through improved imaging methods; the inclusion of artificial intelligence (AI) shows promising results in more recent studies. Even though the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases has been examined in multiple studies, as we continuously gain an increased understanding of this comorbidity, particularly in subclinical cases we still seem to fail in the stratification of who really is at risk—and who is not. A the time being, a multipronged and personalized approach of screening patients for traditional CVD risk factors, integrating modern imaging and further CV diagnostic tools and optimizing treatment seems to be a solid approach. There is promising research on novel biomarkers, likewise, methods using artificial intelligence in imaging provide encouraging data indicating possibilities of risk stratification that might become gold standard in the near future. The present review concentrates on showcasing the newest findings concerning CVD risk in patients with rheumatologic diseases and aims to evaluate screening methods in order to optimize CVD risk evaluation and thus avoiding underdiagnosis and undertreatment, as well as highlighting which patient groups are most at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mandel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schwarting
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology, Rheumatology Center RL-P, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Cavagna
- Division of Rheumatology, University and IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Triantafyllias
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology, Rheumatology Center RL-P, Bad Kreuznach, Germany
- *Correspondence: Konstantinos Triantafyllias
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10
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Lupoli R, Calcaterra I, Annunziata G, Tenore G, Rainone C, Schiavo L, Capaldo B, Di Minno MND. Post-Bariatric Hypoglycemia Is Associated with Endothelial Dysfunction and Increased Oxidative Stress. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040916. [PMID: 35453666 PMCID: PMC9030696 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) is a potentially serious complication that may occur after bariatric surgery. Recurrent hypoglycemia may exert detrimental effects on vascular function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate endothelial function and oxygen reactive compounds in patients who experience PBH compared with controls. We performed a cross-sectional study on subjects with PBH (HYPO) and those without (NO-HYPO), detected by seven-day continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) performed at least twelve months after bariatric surgery. We enrolled 28 post-bariatric subjects (17.9% males, mean age 40.6 ± 10.7 years), with 18 in the HYPO group and 10 in the NO-HYPO group. In the two groups, we measured brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) and reactive oxygen metabolites (D-ROMs). The HYPO group had significantly lower FMD values than the NO-HYPO group (3.8% ± 3.0 vs. 10.5% ± 2.0, p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between FMD and the time spent in hypoglycemia (rho = −0.648, p < 0.001), the number of hypoglycemic events (rho = −0.664, p < 0.001) and the mean glucose nadir (rho = 0.532, p = 0.004). The HYPO group showed significantly higher levels of D-ROMs (416.2 ± 88.7 UCARR vs. 305.5 ± 56.3 UCARR, p < 0.001) and oxLDLs (770.5 ± 49.7 µEq/L vs. 725.1 ± 51.6 µEq/L, p = 0.035) compared to the NO-HYPO group. In the multiple linear regression analysis, hypoglycemia independently predicted FMD values (β = −0.781, p < 0.001), D-ROMs (β = 0.548, p = 0.023) and oxLDL levels (β = 0.409, p = 0.031). PBH is associated with impaired endothelial function accompanied by increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Lupoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-17-46-23-02
| | - Ilenia Calcaterra
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.); (C.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Annunziata
- Department of Pharmacy, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (G.T.)
| | - Giancarlo Tenore
- Department of Pharmacy, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.A.); (G.T.)
| | - Carmen Rainone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.); (C.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Luigi Schiavo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Brunella Capaldo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (I.C.); (C.R.); (B.C.)
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11
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Zhang Y, Du M, Wang J, Liu P. Astragaloside IV Relieves Atherosclerosis and Hepatic Steatosis via MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in LDLR−/− Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:828161. [PMID: 35264962 PMCID: PMC8899310 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.828161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is the main active compound of Astragalus membranaceus. In this study, we investigated whether AS-IV could attenuate atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis in LDLR−/−mice and its potential mechanisms. After 12 weeks of high fat diet, the LDLR−/−mice were randomly divided into four groups. Then, the mice were administrated with 0.9% saline or AS-IV (10 mg/kg) or atorvastatin (1.3 mg/kg) for 12 weeks. Serum lipid profiles and inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA, hepatic TC and TG by colorimetric enzymatic kits, gene expression by RT-qPCR, plaque sizes by H&E staining, Oil Red O, liver pathology by H&E staining, collagen content by Masson, α-SMA, caspase-3 and NF-κB p65 production by immunofluorescence staining. MAPK/NF-κB pathway and inflammation related proteins were detected by Western Blot. The results showed that AS-IV decreased the levels of serum lipids, reduced plaque area and increased plaque stability in HFD-induced LDLR−/− mice. AS-IV also decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, aortas and liver tissue, and NF-κB p65 in aortic roots. The phosphorylation of JNK, ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB, and inflammatory proteins (iNOS, VCAM-1and IL-6) was inhibited in AS-IV-treated group. In summary, AS-IV inhibited inflammation to attenuate atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis via MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in LDLR−/− mice.
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12
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Poznyak AV, Kashirskikh DA, Sukhorukov VN, Kalmykov V, Omelchenko AV, Orekhov AN. Cholesterol Transport Dysfunction and Its Involvement in Atherogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031332. [PMID: 35163256 PMCID: PMC8836120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the cause of the development of serious cardiovascular disorders, leading to disability and death. Numerous processes are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, including inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism disorders. Reverse transport of cholesterol is a mechanism presumably underlying the atheroprotective effect of high-density lipoprotein. In this review, we examined disorders of cholesterol metabolism and their possible effect on atherogenesis. We paid special attention to the reverse transport of cholesterol. Transformed cholesterol metabolism results in dyslipidemia and early atherosclerosis. Reverse cholesterol transport is an endogenous mechanism by which cells export cholesterol and maintain homeostasis. It is known that one of the main factors leading to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques on the walls of blood vessels are multiple modifications of low-density lipoprotein, and the formation of foam cells following them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Poznyak
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
| | - Dmitry A. Kashirskikh
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.K.); (V.K.)
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- AP Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladislav Kalmykov
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.K.); (V.K.)
- AP Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andrey V. Omelchenko
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya Street 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (D.A.K.); (V.K.)
- AP Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (A.V.P.); (A.N.O.)
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13
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Nicolson GL, Ferreira de Mattos G, Ash M, Settineri R, Escribá PV. Fundamentals of Membrane Lipid Replacement: A Natural Medicine Approach to Repairing Cellular Membranes and Reducing Fatigue, Pain, and Other Symptoms While Restoring Function in Chronic Illnesses and Aging. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:944. [PMID: 34940446 PMCID: PMC8707623 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Membrane Lipid Replacement (MLR) uses natural membrane lipid supplements to safely replace damaged, oxidized lipids in membranes in order to restore membrane function, decrease symptoms and improve health. Oral MLR supplements contain mixtures of cell membrane glycerolphospholipids, fatty acids, and other lipids, and can be used to replace and remove damaged cellular and intracellular membrane lipids. Membrane injury, caused mainly by oxidative damage, occurs in essentially all chronic and acute medical conditions, including cancer and degenerative diseases, and in normal processes, such as aging and development. After ingestion, the protected MLR glycerolphospholipids and other lipids are dispersed, absorbed, and internalized in the small intestines, where they can be partitioned into circulating lipoproteins, globules, liposomes, micelles, membranes, and other carriers and transported in the lymphatics and blood circulation to tissues and cellular sites where they are taken in by cells and partitioned into various cellular membranes. Once inside cells, the glycerolphospholipids and other lipids are transferred to various intracellular membranes by lipid carriers, globules, liposomes, chylomicrons, or by direct membrane-membrane interactions. The entire process appears to be driven by 'bulk flow' or mass action principles, where surplus concentrations of replacement lipids can stimulate the natural exchange and removal of damaged membrane lipids while the replacement lipids undergo further enzymatic alterations. Clinical studies have demonstrated the advantages of MLR in restoring membrane and organelle function and reducing fatigue, pain, and other symptoms in chronic illness and aging patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L. Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA
| | - Gonzalo Ferreira de Mattos
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Department of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay;
| | - Michael Ash
- Clinical Education, Newton Abbot, Devon TQ12 4SG, UK;
| | | | - Pablo V. Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
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14
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CRISPR/dCas9 Transcriptional Activation of Endogenous Apolipoprotein AI and Paraoxonase 1 in Enterocytes Alleviates Endothelial Cell Dysfunction. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121769. [PMID: 34944413 PMCID: PMC8698862 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases with high prevalence worldwide. A promising therapeutic strategy to reverse atherosclerotic process is to improve the athero-protective potential of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Since the small intestine is a source of HDL, we aimed to activate transcription of the endogenous HDL major proteins, apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1), in enterocytes, and to evaluate their potential to correct the pro-inflammatory status of endothelial cells (EC). Caco-2 enterocytes were transfected with CRISPR activation plasmids targeting ApoAI or PON1, and their gene and protein expression were measured in cells and conditioned medium (CM). ATP binding cassette A1 and G8 transporters (ABCA1, ABCG8), scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI), and transcription regulators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), liver X receptors (LXRs), and sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) were assessed. Anti-inflammatory effects of CM from transfected enterocytes were estimated through its ability to inhibit tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) activation of EC. Transcriptional activation of ApoAI or PON1 in enterocytes induces: (i) increase of their gene and protein expression, and secretion in CM; (ii) stimulation of ABCA1/G8 and SR-BI; (iii) upregulation of PPARγ, LXRs, and SIRT1. CM from transfected enterocytes attenuated the TNFα-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress in EC, by decreasing TNF receptor 1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and p22phox. In conclusion, transcriptional activation of endogenous ApoAI or PON1 in enterocytes by CRISPR/dCas9 system is a realistic approach to stimulate biogenesis and function of major HDL proteins which can regulate cholesterol efflux transporters and reduce the inflammatory stress in activated EC.
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15
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Kianmehr A, Qujeq D, Bagheri A, Mahrooz A. Oxidized LDL-regulated microRNAs for evaluating vascular endothelial function: molecular mechanisms and potential biomarker roles in atherosclerosis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2021; 59:40-53. [PMID: 34523391 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2021.1974334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
As a simple monolayer, vascular endothelial cells can respond to physicochemical stimuli. In addition to promoting the formation of foam cells, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) contributes to the atherosclerotic process through different mechanisms, including endothelial cell dysfunction. As conserved noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) naturally lie in different genomic positions and post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of many genes. They participate in integrated networks formed under stress to maintain cellular homeostasis, vascular inflammation, and metabolism. These small RNAs constitute therapeutic targets in different diseases, including atherosclerosis, and their role as biomarkers is crucial given their detectability even years before the emergence of diseases. This review was performed to investigate the role of ox-LDL-regulated miRNAs in atherosclerosis, their molecular mechanisms, and their application as biomarkers of vascular endothelial cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvarsadat Kianmehr
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abouzar Bagheri
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Mahrooz
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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16
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Yu J, Li W, Xiao X, Huang Q, Yu J, Yang Y, Han T, Zhang D, Niu X. (-)-Epicatechin gallate blocks the development of atherosclerosis by regulating oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Food Funct 2021; 12:8715-8727. [PMID: 34365492 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00846c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Epicatechin gallate (ECG), as a compound in green tea extract polyphenols, has specific therapeutic effects against oxidative stress. Oxidative stress exists throughout the pathological development of atherosclerosis. In this study, two atherosclerosis models, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and high fat diet (HFD)-induced ApoE-/- mice, were applied to explore the mechanism of ECG intervention on AS. In vivo and in vitro studies showed that ECG reduced the level of MDA and increased the activity of SOD, which are oxidative stress factors. ECG also improved HFD-induced disorder of lipid factor expression in the serum of ApoE-/- mice and alleviated oxidative stress by enhancing the antioxidant activity. The potential mechanism was supposed to be the inhibition of the phosphorylation of p65 by ECG in the NF-κB pathway in the aorta, thereby blocking the expression of inflammatory mediators. In addition, ECG increased the stability of atherosclerosis plaques by reducing the expression of MMP-2 and ICAM-1 in atherosclerosis diseased tissues. ECG reduced lipid accumulation in the aorta and its roots and also plaque neoplasia. Western blotting experiments indicated that ECG increased the nuclear transfer of Nrf2 and the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) was increased. These results demonstrated that ECG significantly reduced the formation of aortic plaque in ApoE-/- mice which was possibly triggered by the inhibition of hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress that exhibited the anti-atherosclerotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
| | - Xin Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
| | - Qiuxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
| | - Jiabao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
| | - Yajie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
| | - Tengfei Han
- Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Limited by Share LTD, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Dezhu Zhang
- Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Limited by Share LTD, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
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17
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Hu X, Mu L, Zhu L, Chang X, Nie L, Wang L, Li G. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides attenuate cardiovascular oxidative stress injury by enhancing the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in exhaustive exercise rats. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:643. [PMID: 34278476 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate exercise is beneficial to physical and mental health. When the amount of exercise and exercise intensity exceeds a certain limit and reaches the state of exhaustion, oxidative stress levels in the body increase, which can lead to oxidative stress‑associated damage. Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) is one of the primary active ingredients extracted from wolfberry. Following exhausting exercise in rats, LBP supplements decrease damage to the myocardium and blood vessels, indicating that LBP exerts a protective effect on the cardiovascular system. The Kelch‑like ECH‑associated protein 1 (Keap1)/NF‑E2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) anti‑oxidative stress signaling pathway improves total oxidizing ability; anti‑apoptosis and other aspects serve a vital role. In the present study, LBP intervention was performed in vivo and in vitro to observe its effect on the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and oxidative stress‑associated indicators in order to clarify its protective mechanism. For the in vivo experiments, 60 male Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control and aerobic, exhaustive and exhaustive exercise + LBP (200 mg/kg/day) groups. For the in vitro experiments, a rat thoracic aortic endothelial cell (RTAEC) oxidative stress model was established using angiotensin II (AngII) and divided into blank control, LBP (3,200 µg/ml), AngII (1x10‑4 mol/l) and AngII + LBP groups. For in vitro experiments, small interfering (si)RNA (50 nmol) was used to transfect RTAEC and induce gene silencing of Nrf2. ELISA, hematoxylin and eosin staining, TUNEL, immunofluorescence, western blotting, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR were used to evaluate and verify the effect of LBP on oxidative stress indicators and the expression of Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidative stress signaling pathway. The in vivo experiments showed that LBP decreased the expression of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and AngII, as well as apoptosis of blood vessels and cardiomyocytes and expression of TNF‑α in rats following exhaustive exercise. Meanwhile, LBP enhanced expression of the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway and downstream associated protein glutamyl‑cysteine synthetase catalytic subunit (GCLC), quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and glutamate‑cysteine ligase modified subunit (GCLM) in the thoracic aorta and myocardium of rats following exhaustive exercise. In RTAEC in vitro, LBP decreased the expression of MDA and TNF‑α in the supernatant, promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and increased expression levels of GCLC, NQO1 and GCLM. Following siNrf2 transfection into endothelial cells, the anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant stress effects of LBP were decreased. LBP was found to enhance the expression of the Keap1/Nrf2 antioxidant stress signaling pathway in endothelial cells, decreasing oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. Moreover, LBP improved the antioxidant stress ability of endothelial cells and alleviated injury of myocardial vascular tissue, thereby protecting the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Le Mu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Lingqin Zhu
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Chang
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Nie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of General Practice, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
| | - Guanghua Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R. China
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18
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Li K, Fan F, Zheng B, Jia J, Liu B, Liu J, Chen C, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Huo Y. Associations between remnant lipoprotein cholesterol and central systolic blood pressure in a Chinese community-based population: a cross-sectional study. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:60. [PMID: 34174876 PMCID: PMC8235613 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The lipid profile is reportedly related to peripheral blood pressure or pulse wave velocity. However, no studies have investigated the associations between lipid parameters, especially remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RLP-C), and central systolic blood pressure (cSBP). Methods This study used baseline data of a community-based cohort in Beijing, China. Participants who had been treated with anti-hypertensive or lipid-lowering agents were excluded. RLP-C is equal to total cholesterol (TC) minus the sum of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). An Omron HEM-9000AI device was used to measure non-invasive cSBP. The associations between blood lipid profile and non-invasive cSBP were evaluated using multivariable regression models. Results The 5173 included participants were 55.0 ± 8.5 years old; 35.7% (1845) of participants were men. Increased cSBP was significantly associated with increased TC, LDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and RLP-C but with decreased HDL-C, even after adjusting for possible covariates. When simultaneously entering individual pairs of RLP-C and other blood lipid parameters into the multivariable regression model, RLP-C remained significantly associated with cSBP, even after adjusting for other lipids. Compared with participants who had RLP-C levels in the first quartile (Q1), cSBP for those with RLP-C in Q4 was increased to 4.57 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.08–6.06) mmHg after adjusting for LDL-C, 4.50 (95%CI: 2.98–6.02) mmHg after adjusting for TC, 3.91 (95%CI: 1.92–5.89) mmHg after adjusting for TG, 5.15 (95%CI: 3.67–6.63) mmHg after adjusting for HDL-C, and 4.10 (95%CI: 2.36–5.84) mmHg after adjusting for non-HDL-C. Conclusions Increased blood RLP-C level was significantly associated with higher cSBP in a Chinese population, independently of other lipids, which indicates its importance in individual cardiovascular risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Fangfang Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Chuyun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China. .,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Peking University First hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China.
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100034, China
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Neveling DP, Dicks LMT. Probiotics: an Antibiotic Replacement Strategy for Healthy Broilers and Productive Rearing. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1-11. [PMID: 32556932 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09640-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens develop resistance to antibiotics at a rate much faster than the discovery of new antimicrobial compounds. Reports of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from broilers, and the possibility that these strains may spread diseases amongst humans, prompted many European countries to ban the inclusion of antibiotics in feed. Probiotics added to broiler feed controlled a number of bacterial infections. A combination of Enterococcus faecium, Pediococcus acidilactici, Bacillus animalis, Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus reuteri decreased the colonisation of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella Enteritidis in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) of broilers, whereas Bacillus subtilis improved feed conversion, intestinal morphology, stimulated the immune system and inhibited the colonisation of Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli and Salmonella Minnesota. Lactobacillus salivarius and Pediococcus parvulus improved weight gain, bone characteristics, intestinal morphology and immune response, and decreased the colonisation of S. Enteritidis. Lactobacillus crispatus, L. salivarius, Lactobacillus gallinarum, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens decreased the Salmonella count and led to an increase in lysozyme and T lymphocytes. Probiotics may also improve feed digestion through production of phytases, lipases, amylases and proteases or stimulate the GIT to secrete digestive enzymes. Some strains increase the nutritional value of feed by production of vitamins, exopolysaccharides and antioxidants. Bacteriocins, if produced, regulate pathogen numbers in the GIT and keep pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory reactions in balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deon P Neveling
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Leon M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
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20
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Dysfunctional High-Density Lipoproteins in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10112233. [PMID: 34063950 PMCID: PMC8196572 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
High density lipoproteins (HDLs) are commonly known for their anti-atherogenic properties that include functions such as the promotion of cholesterol efflux and reverse cholesterol transport, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, because of some chronic inflammatory diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), significant changes occur in HDLs in terms of both structure and composition. These alterations lead to the loss of HDLs’ physiological functions, to transformation into dysfunctional lipoproteins, and to increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we describe the main HDL structural/functional alterations observed in T2DM and the molecular mechanisms involved in these T2DM-derived modifications. Finally, the main available therapeutic interventions targeting HDL in diabetes are discussed.
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21
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Liu J, Huang Y, Li T, Jiang Z, Zeng L, Hu Z. The role of the Golgi apparatus in disease (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 47:38. [PMID: 33537825 PMCID: PMC7891830 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.4871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is known to underpin many important cellular homeostatic functions, including trafficking, sorting and modifications of proteins or lipids. These functions are dysregulated in neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, infectious diseases and cardiovascular diseases, and the number of disease-related genes associated with Golgi apparatus is on the increase. Recently, many studies have suggested that the mutations in the genes encoding Golgi resident proteins can trigger the occurrence of diseases. By summarizing the pathogenesis of these genetic diseases, it was found that most of these diseases have defects in membrane trafficking. Such defects typically result in mislocalization of proteins, impaired glycosylation of proteins, and the accumulation of undegraded proteins. In the present review, we aim to understand the patterns of mutations in the genes encoding Golgi resident proteins and decipher the interplay between Golgi resident proteins and membrane trafficking pathway in cells. Furthermore, the detection of Golgi resident protein in human serum samples has the potential to be used as a diagnostic tool for diseases, and its central role in membrane trafficking pathways provides possible targets for disease therapy. Thus, we also introduced the clinical value of Golgi apparatus in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Liuwang Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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22
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Chen HC, Lee WC, Fang HY, Fang CY, Chen CJ, Yang CH, Wu CJ. Impact of high triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (insulin resistance) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22848. [PMID: 33120817 PMCID: PMC7581178 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ratio of triglyceride (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been proposed as an easily obtainable atherogenic marker and high TG/HDL-C ratio is associated with insulin resistance. This study investigated the associated between a high TG/HDL-C ratio and cardiovascular mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), with or without diabetes mellitus (DM).Between January 2005 and December 2014, 1661 patients with STEMI underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention in our hospital. Of these, 289 were classified into group 1 (with both DM and a high TG/HDL-C ratio), 295 into group 2 (with DM, but without a high TG/HDL-C ratio), 501 into group 3 (without DM, but a high TG/HDL-C ratio), and 576 into group 4 (without DM or a high TG/HDL-C ratio).Older age, longer chest pain to reperfusion time, poor hemodynamic condition, and higher prevalence of multiple vessel coronary artery disease were noted in those with DM. Poor outcomes including higher 30-day and 1-year cardiovascular mortality and all-cause mortality rates were noted in those with DM but without a high TG/HDL-C ratio. Patients with DM but without a high TG/HDL-C ratio had a Hazard ratio of 3.637 for cardiovascular mortality relative to those without DM, but without a high TG/HDL-C ratio.Even though a high TG/HDL-C ratio is associated with insulin resistance, patients with or without DM, but with a high TG/HDL-C ratio had better 30-day and 1-year outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Chung Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Wei-Chieh Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Yu Fang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Chih-Yuan Fang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Cheng-Hsu Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
| | - Chiung-Jen Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung
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23
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Astapenko D, Turek Z, Dostal P, Hyspler R, Ticha A, Kaska M, Zadak Z, Skulec R, Lehmann C, Cerny V. Effect of short-term administration of lipid emulsion on endothelial glycocalyx integrity in ICU patients – A microvascular and biochemical pilot study. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2019; 73:329-339. [DOI: 10.3233/ch-190564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Astapenko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Centre for Research and Development, University Hospital of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Turek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dostal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Radomir Hyspler
- Centre for Research and Development, University Hospital of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Departement of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Ticha
- Centre for Research and Development, University Hospital of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Departement of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kaska
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Zadak
- Centre for Research and Development, University Hospital of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Skulec
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, J. E. Purkinje University, Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Vladimir Cerny
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Centre for Research and Development, University Hospital of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, J. E. Purkinje University, Masaryk Hospital, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management and Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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24
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Cong X, Kong W. Endothelial tight junctions and their regulatory signaling pathways in vascular homeostasis and disease. Cell Signal 2019; 66:109485. [PMID: 31770579 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial tight junctions (TJs) regulate the transport of water, ions, and molecules through the paracellular pathway, serving as an important barrier in blood vessels and maintaining vascular homeostasis. In endothelial cells (ECs), TJs are highly dynamic structures that respond to multiple external stimuli and pathological conditions. Alterations in the expression, distribution, and structure of endothelial TJs may lead to many related vascular diseases and pathologies. In this review, we provide an overview of the assessment methods used to evaluate endothelial TJ barrier function both in vitro and in vivo and describe the composition of endothelial TJs in diverse vascular systems and ECs. More importantly, the direct phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of TJ proteins by intracellular kinases and phosphatases, as well as the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of TJs, including and the protein kinase C (PKC), PKA, PKG, Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, are discussed. With great advances in this area, targeting endothelial TJs may provide novel treatment for TJ-related vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China.
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25
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Modulation of Nitric Oxide Synthases by Oxidized LDLs: Role in Vascular Inflammation and Atherosclerosis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133294. [PMID: 31277498 PMCID: PMC6651385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of physiological levels of nitric oxide (NO) produced by eNOS represents a key element for vascular endothelial homeostasis. On the other hand, NO overproduction, due to the activation of iNOS under different stress conditions, leads to endothelial dysfunction and, in the late stages, to the development of atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDLs (oxLDLs) represent the major candidates to trigger biomolecular processes accompanying endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation leading to atherosclerosis, though the pathophysiological mechanism still remains to be elucidated. Here, we summarize recent evidence suggesting that oxLDLs produce significant impairment in the modulation of the eNOS/iNOS machinery, downregulating eNOS via the HMGB1-TLR4-Caveolin-1 pathway. On the other hand, increased oxLDLs lead to sustained activation of the scavenger receptor LOX-1 and, subsequently, to NFkB activation, which, in turn, increases iNOS, leading to EC oxidative stress. Finally, these events are associated with reduced protective autophagic response and accelerated apoptotic EC death, which activates atherosclerotic development. Taken together, this information sheds new light on the pathophysiological mechanisms of oxLDL-related impairment of EC functionality and opens new perspectives in atherothrombosis prevention.
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Arnao V, Tuttolomondo A, Daidone M, Pinto A. Lipoproteins in Atherosclerosis Process. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1525-1543. [PMID: 31096892 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190516103953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidaemias is a recognized risk factor for atherosclerosis, however, new evidence brought to light by trials investigating therapies to enhance HDLcholesterol have suggested an increased atherosclerotic risk when HDL-C is high. RESULTS Several studies highlight the central role in atherosclerotic disease of dysfunctional lipoproteins; oxidised LDL-cholesterol is an important feature, according to "oxidation hypothesis", of atherosclerotic lesion, however, there is today a growing interest for dysfunctional HDL-cholesterol. The target of our paper is to review the functions of modified and dysfunctional lipoproteins in atherogenesis. CONCLUSION Taking into account the central role recognized to dysfunctional lipoproteins, measurements of functional features of lipoproteins, instead of conventional routine serum evaluation of lipoproteins, could offer a valid contribution in experimental studies as in clinical practice to stratify atherosclerotic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Arnao
- BioNeC Dipartimento di BioMedicina Sperimentale e Neuroscienze Cliniche, Universita degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,PhD School of: Medicina Clinica e Scienze del Comportamento-Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialistic Medicine. (Di.Bi.M.I.S), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Daidone
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Internal Medicine and Stroke Care Ward, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Shih CM, Lin FY, Yeh JS, Lin YW, Loh SH, Tsao NW, Nakagami H, Morishita R, Sawamura T, Li CY, Lin CY, Huang CY. Dysfunctional high density lipoprotein failed to rescue the function of oxidized low density lipoprotein-treated endothelial progenitor cells: a novel index for the prediction of HDL functionality. Transl Res 2019; 205:17-32. [PMID: 30720435 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolic disorders play critical roles in atherogenesis. Traditionally, it has been suggested that reduced high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels might be an important morbidity indicator for cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it has been argued that therapeutically raising HDL levels may reduce atherogenesis in patients with dyslipidemia. However, recent clinical trials to elevate serum HDL levels by pharmacologic approaches failed to demonstrate clinical efficacy. Thus, to investigate the functionality of HDL and to explore the possible clinical relevance as well as to define an effective indicator that can represent HDL function may provide another key and reference to disclose the clinical treatment of dyslipidemia. We analyzed the association between the data of dichlorofluorescein assay (assay the functionality of HDL), the effect of HDL on oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-stimulated endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vitro, levels of circulating EPCs, and ex vitro EPC colony forming units of each case, we defined the indicator (relative HDL index (RHDL index) = dichlorofluorescein assay result of each subject/dichlorofluorescein assay reading of our young healthy controls) that may represent functionality of HDL. HDL from healthy adults protected oxLDL-treated EPCs by modulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Rho activation and by promoting nitric oxide production. HDL from subject with RHDL index ≧2 also failed to restore the functionality of oxLDL-treated EPCs via cell-signaling pathways in vitro. The RHDL index significantly correlated with patients' circulating EPC number or EPC colony forming units ex vivo. In conclusions, we explored the RHDL index as a score to predict a patient's EPC functions in vivo and ex vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ming Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Shiuan Yeh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Oral Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hurng Loh
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Tsao
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hironori Nakagami
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetic, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuya Sawamura
- Department of Bioscience, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chi-Yuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yen Lin
- Department of Marketing Management, Takming University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan; Healthcare Information and Management Department, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yao Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chu HR, Sun YC, Gao Y, Guan XM, Yan H, Cui XD, Zhang XY, Li X, Li H, Cheng M. Function of Krüppel‑like factor 2 in the shear stress‑induced cell differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells to endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:1739-1746. [PMID: 30628700 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Krüppel‑like factor 2 (KLF2) on the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to endothelial cells (ECs) induced by shear stress, and to investigate the corresponding mechanisms. Cultured rat late EPCs were exposed to shear stress (12 dyn/cm2) for different lengths of time. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) was used to measure the initial KLF2 mRNA levels in each group. Subsequently, the EPCs were treated with anti‑integrin β1 or β3 antibodies to block integrin β1 and β3, respectively, or cytochalasin D to destroy F‑actin, and the subsequent expression levels of KLF2 in EPCs were measured. Then, KLF2 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were transfected into EPCs, and RT‑qPCR was used to measure the mRNA expression level of KLF2. Additionally, flow cytometry was applied to evaluate the protein levels of cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) and the von Willebrand factor (vWF), and the regulatory effects of KLF2 in the promoter region of vWF were determined via a luciferase assay. High shear stress upregulated KLF2 expression, while blocking integrin β1/β3 or destroying F‑actin resulted in a corresponding decrease in KLF2 expression. Downregulation of KLF2 expression by siKLF2 inhibited the differentiation of EPCs to ECs under shear stress conditions, while the expression of EC‑specific markers decreased, including CD31 and vWF. Various lengths of the vWF promoter region induced vWF expression, and EPCs co‑transfected with KLF2 significantly increased the vWF expression levels compared with the group treated with vWF alone (P<0.01). In conclusion, shear stress may upregulate KLF2 expression, which may be associated with the integrin‑actin cytoskeleton system. Most importantly, the shear stress‑induced differentiation of EPCs may be mediated by KLF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Rong Chu
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Cong Sun
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Yu Gao
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Mei Guan
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yan
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Cui
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Zhang
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Hong Li
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Min Cheng
- Medicine Research Center, Clinical Medical College, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
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Summerhill V, Karagodin V, Grechko A, Myasoedova V, Orekhov A. Vasculoprotective Role of Olive Oil Compounds via Modulation of Oxidative Stress in Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:188. [PMID: 30622950 PMCID: PMC6308304 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing evidence supports the significant role of oxidative stress in the endothelial injury, and there is a direct link between increased oxidative stress, and the development of endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial dysfunction precedes the development of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD). The overproduction of reactive oxygen species facilitates the processes, such as oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins and phospholipids, reduction in the NOS-derived nitric oxide, and the functional disruption of high-density lipids that are profoundly involved in atherogenesis, inflammation, and thrombus formation in vascular cells. Thus, under oxidative stress conditions, endothelial dysfunction was found to be associated with the following endothelial alterations: reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, increased anticoagulant properties, increased platelet aggregation, increased expression of adhesion molecules, chemokines, and cytokines. In this review, we summarized the evidence indicating that endothelial damage triggered by oxidation can be diminished or reversed by the compounds of olive oil, a readily available antioxidant food source. Olive oil bioactive compounds exhibited a potent capability to attenuate oxidative stress and improve endothelial function through their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-thrombotic properties, therefore reducing the risk and progression of atherosclerosis. Also, their molecular mechanisms of action were explored to establish the potential preventive and/or therapeutic alternatives to the pharmacological remedies available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volha Summerhill
- Skolkovo Innovative Center, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research Moscow, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasilyi Karagodin
- Department of Commodity Research and Expertise, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika Myasoedova
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Orekhov
- Skolkovo Innovative Center, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research Moscow, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Angiopathology, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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30
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Zhang L, Chen J. Biological Effects of Tetrahydroxystilbene Glucoside: An Active Component of a Rhizome Extracted from Polygonum multiflorum. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:3641960. [PMID: 30524653 PMCID: PMC6247474 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3641960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has been widely used in the Orient as a tonic and antiaging agent. 2,3,5,4'-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG, C20H22O9, FW = 406.38928) is one of the active components extracted from PM. TSG is an antioxidant agent, which exhibits remarkable antioxidative activities in vivo and in vitro. The antioxidant effect of TSG is achieved by its radical-scavenging effects. TSG can inhibit apoptosis and protect neuronal cells against injury through multifunctional cytoprotective pathways. TSG performs prophylactic and therapeutic activities against Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. It is also antiatherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory. However, the mechanisms underlying these pharmacological activities are unclear. This study aimed at reviewing experimental studies and describing the effectiveness and possible mechanisms of TSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Translational Medicine Center, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jianzong Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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31
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Fong LY, Ng CT, Yong YK, Hakim MN, Ahmad Z. Asiatic acid stabilizes cytoskeletal proteins and prevents TNF-α-induced disorganization of cell-cell junctions in human aortic endothelial cells. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 117:15-26. [PMID: 30114509 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial hyperpermeability represents an initiating step in early atherosclerosis and it often occurs as a result of endothelial barrier dysfunction. Asiatic acid, a major triterpene isolated from Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, has previously been demonstrated to protect against tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the barrier protective effect of asiatic acid in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). The localization of F-actin, diphosphorylated myosin light chain (diphospho-MLC), adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs) was studied using immunocytochemistry techniques and confocal microscopy. Their total protein expressions were examined using western blot analysis. The endothelial permeability was assessed using In Vitro Vascular Permeability Assay kits. In addition, intracellular redistribution of the junctional proteins was evaluated using subcellular fractionation kits. We show that asiatic acid stabilized F-actin and diphospho-MLC at the cell periphery and prevented their rearrangement stimulated by TNF-α. However, asiatic acid failed to attenuate cytochalasin D-induced increased permeability. Besides, asiatic acid abrogated TNF-α-induced structural reorganization of vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and β-catenin by preserving their reticulum structures at cell-cell contact areas. In addition, asiatic acid also inhibited TNF-α-induced redistribution of occludin and zona occludens (ZO)-1 in different subcellular fractions. In conclusion, the barrier-stabilizing effect of asiatic acid might be associated with preservation of AJs and prevention of TJ redistribution caused by TNF-α. This study provides evidence to support the potential use of asiatic acid in the prevention of early atherosclerosis, which is initiated by endothelial barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Yen Fong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Pre-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chin Theng Ng
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Physiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, 08100 Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Keong Yong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nazrul Hakim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zuraini Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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32
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Wong NKP, Nicholls SJ, Tan JTM, Bursill CA. The Role of High-Density Lipoproteins in Diabetes and Its Vascular Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1680. [PMID: 29874886 PMCID: PMC6032203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost 600 million people are predicted to have diabetes mellitus (DM) by 2035. Diabetic patients suffer from increased rates of microvascular and macrovascular complications, associated with dyslipidaemia, impaired angiogenic responses to ischaemia, accelerated atherosclerosis, and inflammation. Despite recent treatment advances, many diabetic patients remain refractory to current approaches, highlighting the need for alternative agents. There is emerging evidence that high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are able to rescue diabetes-related vascular complications through diverse mechanisms. Such protective functions of HDL, however, can be rendered dysfunctional within the pathological milieu of DM, triggering the development of vascular complications. HDL-modifying therapies remain controversial as many have had limited benefits on cardiovascular risk, although more recent trials are showing promise. This review will discuss the latest data from epidemiological, clinical, and pre-clinical studies demonstrating various roles for HDL in diabetes and its vascular complications that have the potential to facilitate its successful translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan K P Wong
- Immunobiology Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Stephen J Nicholls
- Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Joanne T M Tan
- Immunobiology Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Christina A Bursill
- Immunobiology Research Group, The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
- Discipline of Medicine, The University of Sydney School of Medicine, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
- Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
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33
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Lu L, Zhou Q, Chen Z, Chen L. The significant role of the Golgi apparatus in cardiovascular diseases. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2911-2919. [PMID: 28574583 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus (GA) is a ribbon-like system of stacks which consist of multiple closely apposed flattened cisternae and vesicles usually localized in the juxta-nuclear area. As for the biological functions, the GA plays a major role in protein biosynthesis, post-translational modification, and sorting protein from ER to plasma membrane and other destinations. Structural changes and functional disorder of the GA is associated with various diseases. Moreover, increasing evidence revealed that swelling, poor development, and other morphological alterations of the GA are linked to cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure (HF), arrhythmia, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, dysfunction of the GA is also related to cardiovascular diseases since the GA is extremely responsible for transport, glycosylation, biosynthesis, and subcellular distribution of cardiovascular proteins. This review gives a brief overview of the intricate relationship between the GA and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, we provide a further prospective that the GA may provide diagnosis reference for cardiovascular diseases, and changes in the ultrastructure and morphology of the GA such as swelling, poor development, and fragmentation may serve as a reliable index for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Lu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qun Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Beldman TJ, Senders ML, Alaarg A, Pérez-Medina C, Tang J, Zhao Y, Fay F, Deichmöller J, Born B, Desclos E, van der Wel NN, Hoebe RA, Kohen F, Kartvelishvily E, Neeman M, Reiner T, Calcagno C, Fayad ZA, de Winther MPJ, Lutgens E, Mulder WJM, Kluza E. Hyaluronan Nanoparticles Selectively Target Plaque-Associated Macrophages and Improve Plaque Stability in Atherosclerosis. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5785-5799. [PMID: 28463501 PMCID: PMC5492212 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyaluronan is a biologically active polymer, which can be formulated into nanoparticles. In our study, we aimed to probe atherosclerosis-associated inflammation by using hyaluronan nanoparticles and to determine whether they can ameliorate atherosclerosis. Hyaluronan nanoparticles (HA-NPs) were prepared by reacting amine-functionalized oligomeric hyaluronan (HA) with cholanic ester and labeled with a fluorescent or radioactive label. HA-NPs were characterized in vitro by several advanced microscopy methods. The targeting properties and biodistribution of HA-NPs were studied in apoe-/- mice, which received either fluorescent or radiolabeled HA-NPs and were examined ex vivo by flow cytometry or nuclear techniques. Furthermore, three atherosclerotic rabbits received 89Zr-HA-NPs and were imaged by PET/MRI. The therapeutic effects of HA-NPs were studied in apoe-/- mice, which received weekly doses of 50 mg/kg HA-NPs during a 12-week high-fat diet feeding period. Hydrated HA-NPs were ca. 90 nm in diameter and displayed very stable morphology under hydrolysis conditions. Flow cytometry revealed a 6- to 40-fold higher uptake of Cy7-HA-NPs by aortic macrophages compared to normal tissue macrophages. Interestingly, both local and systemic HA-NP-immune cell interactions significantly decreased over the disease progression. 89Zr-HA-NPs-induced radioactivity in atherosclerotic aortas was 30% higher than in wild-type controls. PET imaging of rabbits revealed 6-fold higher standardized uptake values compared to the muscle. The plaques of HA-NP-treated mice contained 30% fewer macrophages compared to control and free HA-treated group. In conclusion, we show favorable targeting properties of HA-NPs, which can be exploited for PET imaging of atherosclerosis-associated inflammation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of HA-NPs in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs J. Beldman
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry,
and Cellular Imaging, AMC
Core Facility, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Max L. Senders
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry,
and Cellular Imaging, AMC
Core Facility, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Amr Alaarg
- Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Department
of Biomaterials Science and Technology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical
Technology and Technical Medicine, University
of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Pérez-Medina
- Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, United States
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Francois Fay
- Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jacqueline Deichmöller
- Department of Biological Regulation and Department of Chemical Research
Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Benjamin Born
- Department of Biological Regulation and Department of Chemical Research
Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Emilie Desclos
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry,
and Cellular Imaging, AMC
Core Facility, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole N. van der Wel
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry,
and Cellular Imaging, AMC
Core Facility, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. Hoebe
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry,
and Cellular Imaging, AMC
Core Facility, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Fortune Kohen
- Department of Biological Regulation and Department of Chemical Research
Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Elena Kartvelishvily
- Department of Biological Regulation and Department of Chemical Research
Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Biological Regulation and Department of Chemical Research
Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan
Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Claudia Calcagno
- Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Zahi A. Fayad
- Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Menno P. J. de Winther
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry,
and Cellular Imaging, AMC
Core Facility, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry,
and Cellular Imaging, AMC
Core Facility, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 80336, Germany
| | - Willem J. M. Mulder
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry,
and Cellular Imaging, AMC
Core Facility, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Ewelina Kluza
- Experimental
Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry,
and Cellular Imaging, AMC
Core Facility, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
- E-mail: . Tel: +31(0)205665296
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35
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miR-21-5p/203a-3p promote ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell senescence through down-regulation of mitochondrial fission protein Drp1. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 164:8-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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36
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Nicolson GL, Ash ME. Membrane Lipid Replacement for chronic illnesses, aging and cancer using oral glycerolphospholipid formulations with fructooligosaccharides to restore phospholipid function in cellular membranes, organelles, cells and tissues. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1704-1724. [PMID: 28432031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Membrane Lipid Replacement is the use of functional, oral supplements containing mixtures of cell membrane glycerolphospholipids, plus fructooligosaccharides (for protection against oxidative, bile acid and enzymatic damage) and antioxidants, in order to safely replace damaged, oxidized, membrane phospholipids and restore membrane, organelle, cellular and organ function. Defects in cellular and intracellular membranes are characteristic of all chronic medical conditions, including cancer, and normal processes, such as aging. Once the replacement glycerolphospholipids have been ingested, dispersed, complexed and transported, while being protected by fructooligosaccharides and several natural mechanisms, they can be inserted into cell membranes, lipoproteins, lipid globules, lipid droplets, liposomes and other carriers. They are conveyed by the lymphatics and blood circulation to cellular sites where they are endocytosed or incorporated into or transported by cell membranes. Inside cells the glycerolphospholipids can be transferred to various intracellular membranes by lipid globules, liposomes, membrane-membrane contact or by lipid carrier transfer. Eventually they arrive at their membrane destinations due to 'bulk flow' principles, and there they can stimulate the natural removal and replacement of damaged membrane lipids while undergoing further enzymatic alterations. Clinical trials have shown the benefits of Membrane Lipid Replacement in restoring mitochondrial function and reducing fatigue in aged subjects and chronically ill patients. Recently Membrane Lipid Replacement has been used to reduce pain and other symptoms as well as removing hydrophobic chemical contaminants, suggesting that there are additional new uses for this safe, natural medicine supplement. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, California 92649, USA.
| | - Michael E Ash
- Clinical Education, Newton Abbot, Devon, TQ12 4SG, UK
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37
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Christoffersen C, Bartels ED, Aarup A, Nielsen LB, Pedersen TX. ApoB and apoM - New aspects of lipoprotein biology in uremia-induced atherosclerosis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 816:154-160. [PMID: 28351665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease affects as much as 13% of the population, and is associated with a markedly increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. One of the underlying reasons is accelerated development of atherosclerosis. This can be ascribed both to increased occurrence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and to risk factors that may be unique to patients with chronic kidney disease. The latter is reflected in the observation that the current treatment modalities, mainly directed against traditional risk factors, are insufficient to prevent cardiovascular disease in the patient with chronic kidney disease. This review discusses mechanisms accelerating uremic atherosclerosis with a specific focus on the putative roles of apolipoprotein(apo)s B and M that may be particularly important in patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Emil D Bartels
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark.
| | - Annemarie Aarup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Lars B Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Tanja X Pedersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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38
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LDL-Cholesterol Increases the Transcytosis of Molecules through Endothelial Monolayers. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163988. [PMID: 27695052 PMCID: PMC5047627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol has been identified as a causative factor in numerous pathologies including atherosclerosis and cancer. One of the frequent effects of elevated cholesterol levels in humans is the compromise of endothelial function due to activation of pro-inflammatory signalling pathways. While the mechanisms involved in endothelial activation by cholesterol during an inflammatory response are well established, less is known about the mechanisms by which cholesterol may affect endothelial barrier function, which were the subject of the present study. Here we show that low density lipoprotein (LDL) increases the permeability of endothelial monolayers to high molecular weight dextrans in an LDL receptor and cholesterol-dependent manner. The increased permeability seen upon LDL treatment was not caused by disruption of cell-to-cell junctions as determined by a normal localization of VE-Cadherin and ZO-1 proteins, and no major alterations in transendothelial electrical resistance or permeability to fluorescein. We show instead that LDL increases the level of high molecular weight transcytosis and that this occurs in an LDL receptor, cholesterol and caveolae-dependent way. Our findings contribute to our understanding of the systemic pathological effects of elevated cholesterol and the transport of cargo through endothelial monolayers.
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39
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Glycated LDL increase VCAM-1 expression and secretion in endothelial cells and promote monocyte adhesion through mechanisms involving endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 417:169-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2724-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Postprandial lipids accelerate and redirect nitric oxide consumption in plasma. Nitric Oxide 2016; 55-56:70-81. [PMID: 27021272 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and O2 are both three-to four-fold more soluble in biological lipids than in aqueous solutions. Their higher concentration within plasma lipids accelerates NO autoxidation to an extent that may be of importance to overall NO bioactivity. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that increased plasma lipids after a high-fat meal appreciably accelerate NO metabolism and alter the byproducts formed. We found that plasma collected from subjects after consumption of a single high-fat meal had a higher capacity for NO consumption and consumed NO more rapidly compared to fasting plasma. This increased NO consumption showed a direct correlation with plasma triglyceride concentrations (p = 0.006). The accelerated NO consumption in postprandial plasma was reversed by removal of the lipids from the plasma, was mimicked by the addition of hydrophobic micelles to aqueous buffer, and could not be explained by the presence of either free hemoglobin or ceruloplasmin. The products of NO consumption were shifted in postprandial plasma, with 55% more nitrite (n = 12, p = 0.002) but 50% less SNO (n = 12, p = 0.03) production compared to matched fasted plasma. Modeling calculations indicated that NO autoxidation was accelerated by about 48-fold in the presence of plasma lipids. We conclude that postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins exert a significant influence on NO metabolism in plasma.
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41
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Wu Y, Zhang JJ, Li TB, Liu WQ, Li LS, Luo XJ, Jiang JL, Ma QL, Yang ZC, Peng J. Phosphorylation of Nonmuscle Myosin Light Chain Promotes Endothelial Injury in Hyperlipidemic Rats Through a Mechanism Involving Downregulation of Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase 2. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2016; 21:536-548. [PMID: 26911182 DOI: 10.1177/1074248416634465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) activation is related to endothelial dysfunction in hyperlipidemia, and nonmuscle myosin regulatory light chain (nmMLC20) has been show to exert transcriptional function in regulation of gene expression. This study aims to explore whether the suppression of DDAH activation promotes endothelial injury under the condition of hyperlipidemia and whether nmMLC20 can regulate DDAH expression in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. The rats were fed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks to establish a hyperlipidemic model, which showed an increase in plasma lipids and endothelial injury, accompanied by an elevation in myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) activity, phosphorylated nmMLC20 (p-nmMLC20) level, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) content as well as a reduction in DDAH2 expression, DDAH activity, and nitric oxide (NO) content. Next, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL; 100 μg/mL) for 24 hours to establish a cellular injury model in vitro. Consistent with the finding in vivo, ox-LDL induced HUVECs injury (apoptosis and necrosis) concomitant with an increase in MLCK activity, p-nmMLC20 level (in total or nuclear proteins), and ADMA content as well as a reduction in DDAH2 expression, DDAH activity, and NO content; these phenomena were attenuated by MLCK inhibitor. Either in hyperlipidemic rats or in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs, there was not significant change in DDAH1 expression. Based on these observations, we conclude that the suppression of DDAH2 expression might account for, at least partially, the vascular endothelial dysfunction in hyperlipidemia, and nmMLC20 plays a role in suppression of DDAH2 expression in a phosphorylation-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie-Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ting-Bo Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei-Qi Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lian-Sheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiu-Ju Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun-Lin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi-Lin Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Chun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Effects and mechanism of Xin Mai Jia in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1627-1634. [PMID: 26640529 PMCID: PMC4665141 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of Xin Mai Jia (XMJ) on atherosclerosis (AS) in rabbits and to explore the underlying mechanisms in order to provide experimental evidence for the clinical application of XMJ. An intraperitoneal injection of vitamin D3, combined with a high-fat diet and sacculus injury, was utilized to establish the AS rabbit model. Following the oral administration of lovastatin, Zhibituo and different dosages of XMJ, respectively, blood was drawn from each rabbit for the detection of blood rheological indicators, such as serum lipids. The pathological changes in the right common carotid artery were observed. Vascular function experiments and the expression detection of common carotid artery-related proteins by immunohistochemistry were conducted. XMJ was observed to decrease the blood lipid levels of the AS rabbits; increase the concentration of high-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A; decrease blood viscosity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and hematocrit; elevate the levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and Na+/H+ exchanger 1 in vascular tissues and decrease the levels of angiotensin II receptor, type 1 (AT-1) and endothelin-1 (ET-1). In conclusion, XMJ was shown to lower the blood lipid levels of the experimental AS rabbits, improve the abnormal changes in hemorheology, increase the eNOS content in the vascular tissue, decrease the AT-1 and ET-1 levels and increase the endothelium-dependent vasodilation reaction. XMJ therefore has an anti-AS effect.
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Parisi OI, Fiorillo M, Scrivano L, Sinicropi MS, Dolce V, Iacopetta D, Puoci F, Cappello AR. Sericin/Poly(ethylcyanoacrylate) Nanospheres by Interfacial Polymerization for Enhanced Bioefficacy of Fenofibrate: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3126-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ortensia I. Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, and §Department of Informatics,
Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, and §Department of Informatics,
Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Luca Scrivano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, and §Department of Informatics,
Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Maria S. Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, and §Department of Informatics,
Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolce
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, and §Department of Informatics,
Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, and §Department of Informatics,
Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Francesco Puoci
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, and §Department of Informatics,
Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Anna R. Cappello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, and §Department of Informatics,
Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
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Raffeld MR, Biffi A, Battey TWK, Ayres AM, Viswanathan A, Greenberg SM, Rosand J, Anderson CD. APOE ε4 and lipid levels affect risk of recurrent nonlobar intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 2015; 85:349-56. [PMID: 26115730 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000001790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic variants ε2/ε4 within the APOE gene are established risk factors for lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Published preliminary data suggest a potential role for APOE ε4 in risk of nonlobar ICH. We therefore investigated the role of APOE in recurrent nonlobar ICH, and sought to clarify whether effects of APOE on circulating lipids mediate this association. METHODS Three hundred sixty-three survivors of nonlobar ICH were followed prospectively for ICH recurrence, with APOE genotype determined at enrollment. All participants had clinical, demographic, and laboratory data captured at time of index ICH and during follow-up. Using a multivariate model, we performed association and interaction analyses of the relationships among APOE genotype, lipid levels, and recurrent nonlobar ICH. RESULTS We observed 29 nonlobar ICH recurrences among 363 survivors. APOE ε4 was associated with recurrent nonlobar ICH (hazard ratio = 1.31; 95% confidence interval = 1.02-2.69; p = 0.038) after adjustment for age/sex/ethnicity and cardiovascular risk factors. Increasing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were associated with decreased risk of recurrent nonlobar ICH (p = 0.027), as were decreasing HDL levels (p = 0.046). LDL levels modified the association of APOE ε4 with recurrent nonlobar ICH (mediation p < 0.05). No associations were identified between APOE ε2 and recurrent nonlobar ICH. CONCLUSION APOE ε4 is associated with recurrent ICH in nonlobar brain regions, providing further evidence for its causal role in ICH unrelated to cerebral amyloid angiopathy. LDL levels modulated this effect, suggesting that circulating lipid levels may mediate a portion of the role of APOE ε4 in nonlobar ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam R Raffeld
- From the Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Group (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., A.M.A., A.V., S.M.G., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Alessandro Biffi
- From the Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Group (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., A.M.A., A.V., S.M.G., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Thomas W K Battey
- From the Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Group (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., A.M.A., A.V., S.M.G., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Alison M Ayres
- From the Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Group (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., A.M.A., A.V., S.M.G., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Anand Viswanathan
- From the Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Group (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., A.M.A., A.V., S.M.G., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Steven M Greenberg
- From the Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Group (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., A.M.A., A.V., S.M.G., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- From the Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Group (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., A.M.A., A.V., S.M.G., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Christopher D Anderson
- From the Hemorrhagic Stroke Research Group (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., A.M.A., A.V., S.M.G., J.R., C.D.A.), Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), and Center for Human Genetic Research (M.R.R., A.B., T.W.K.B., J.R., C.D.A.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
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Lipid Paradox in Acute Myocardial Infarction—The Association With 30-Day In-Hospital Mortality. Crit Care Med 2015; 43:1255-64. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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46
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Yao W, Gu C, Shao H, Meng G, Wang H, Jing X, Zhang W. Tetrahydroxystilbene Glucoside Improves TNF-α-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Involvement of TGFβ/Smad Pathway and Inhibition of Vimentin Expression. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:183-98. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherogenesis. 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG), an active component of the rhizome extract from Polygonum multiflorum (PM), exhibits significant anti-atherosclerotic activity. Here, we used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in vitro to investigate the cytoprotective effects of TSG on TNF-α-induced endothelial injury and the related mechanisms. Pretreatment with 50 and 100 μM TSG markedly attenuated TNF-α-induced loss of cell viability and release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and inhibited TNF-α-induced cell apoptosis. The inhibition of vimentin expression was involved in the cytoprotection afforded by TSG. Using inhibitors for PI3K and TGFβ or siRNA for Akt and Smad2, we found that vimentin production in HUVECs is regulated by TGFβ/Smad signaling, but not by PI3K–Akt–mTOR signaling. Meanwhile, TSG inhibited both the expression of TGFβ1 and the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3, and TSG suppressed the nuclear translocation of Smad4 induced by TNF-α. These results suggest that TSG protects HUVECs against TNF-α-induced cell damage by inhibiting vimentin expression via the interruption of the TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Medical College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengjing Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Medical College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoran Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Medical College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoliang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Medical College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiming Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Medical College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Jing
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Medical College, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nantong University Medical College, Jiangsu, China
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Liu YW, Zuo PY, Zha XN, Chen XL, Zhang R, He XX, Liu CY. Octacosanol Enhances the Proliferation and Migration of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells via Activation of the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk Pathways. Lipids 2015; 50:241-51. [PMID: 25638063 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-3991-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Liu
- ; Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yuan Zuo
- ; Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Nan Zha
- ; Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Lin Chen
- ; Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- ; Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xiao He
- ; Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yun Liu
- ; Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; 1277 Jiefang Avenue Wuhan 430022 People's Republic of China
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Lee J, Jo DG, Park D, Chung HY, Mattson MP. Adaptive cellular stress pathways as therapeutic targets of dietary phytochemicals: focus on the nervous system. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 66:815-68. [PMID: 24958636 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past 5 decades, it has been widely promulgated that the chemicals in plants that are good for health act as direct scavengers of free radicals. Here we review evidence that favors a different hypothesis for the health benefits of plant consumption, namely, that some phytochemicals exert disease-preventive and therapeutic actions by engaging one or more adaptive cellular response pathways in cells. The evolutionary basis for the latter mechanism is grounded in the fact that plants produce natural antifeedant/noxious chemicals that discourage insects and other organisms from eating them. However, in the amounts typically consumed by humans, the phytochemicals activate one or more conserved adaptive cellular stress response pathways and thereby enhance the ability of cells to resist injury and disease. Examplesof such pathways include those involving the transcription factors nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, nuclear factor-κB, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and forkhead box subgroup O, as well as the production and action of trophic factors and hormones. Translational research to develop interventions that target these pathways may lead to new classes of therapeutic agents that act by stimulating adaptive stress response pathways to bolster endogenous defenses against tissue injury and disease. Because neurons are particularly sensitive to potentially noxious phytochemicals, we focus on the nervous system but also include findings from other cell types in which actions of phytochemicals on specific signal transduction pathways have been more thoroughly studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Dong-Gyu Jo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
| | - Mark P Mattson
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, Republic of Korea (J.L., D.P., H.Y.C.); School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea (D.-G.J.); Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.); and Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (M.P.M.)
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49
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Escande C, Nin V, Pirtskhalava T, Chini CCS, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Chini EN. Deleted in breast cancer 1 limits adipose tissue fat accumulation and plays a key role in the development of metabolic syndrome phenotype. Diabetes 2015; 64:12-22. [PMID: 25053585 PMCID: PMC4274806 DOI: 10.2337/db14-0192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is often regarded as the primary cause of metabolic syndrome. However, many lines of evidence suggest that obesity may develop as a protective mechanism against tissue damage during caloric surplus and that it is only when the maximum fat accumulation capacity is reached and fatty acid spillover occurs into to peripheral tissues that metabolic diseases develop. In this regard, identifying the molecular mechanisms that modulate adipocyte fat accumulation and fatty acid spillover is imperative. Here we identify the deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) protein as a key regulator of fat storage capacity of adipocytes. We found that knockout (KO) of DBC1 facilitated fat cell differentiation and lipid accumulation and increased fat storage capacity of adipocytes in vitro and in vivo. This effect resulted in a "healthy obesity" phenotype. DBC1 KO mice fed a high-fat diet, although obese, remained insulin sensitive, had lower free fatty acid in plasma, were protected against atherosclerosis and liver steatosis, and lived longer. We propose that DBC1 is part of the molecular machinery that regulates fat storage capacity in adipocytes and participates in the "turn-off" switch that limits adipocyte fat accumulation and leads to fat spillover into peripheral tissues, leading to the deleterious effects of caloric surplus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Escande
- Kogod Aging Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN Institut Pasteur Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Veronica Nin
- Kogod Aging Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Claudia C S Chini
- Kogod Aging Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | | | - Eduardo N Chini
- Kogod Aging Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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50
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Eren E, Yılmaz N, Aydin O, Ellidağ HY. Anticipatory role of high density lipoprotein and endothelial dysfunction: an overview. Open Biochem J 2014; 8:100-6. [PMID: 25598849 PMCID: PMC4293742 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01408010100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) has been witnessed to possess a range of different functions that contribute to its atheroprotective effects. These functions are: the promotion of macrophage cholesterol efflux, reverse cholesterol transport, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, anti-apoptotic, pro-fibrinolytic and anti-oxidative functions. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an HDL associated enzyme esterase/homocysteinethiolactonase that contributes to the anti-oxidant and anti-atherosclerotic capabilities of HDL. PON1 is directly involved in the etiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis through the modulation of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of HDL on endothelial homeostasis, and also to describe the recently characterized molecular pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Eren
- Laboratory of Atatürk Hospital, Antalya/Turkey
| | - Necat Yılmaz
- Central Laboratories of Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya/Turkey
| | - Ozgur Aydin
- Laboratory of Batman Maternity and Children's Hospital, Batman/Turkey
| | - Hamit Y Ellidağ
- Central Laboratories of Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya/Turkey
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