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Ho KH, Jayathilake A, Yagan M, Nour A, Osipovich AB, Magnuson MA, Gu G, Kaverina I. CAMSAP2 localizes to the Golgi in islet β-cells and facilitates Golgi-ER trafficking. iScience 2023; 26:105938. [PMID: 36718359 PMCID: PMC9883185 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose stimulation induces the remodeling of microtubules, which potentiates insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. CAMSAP2 binds to microtubule minus ends to stabilize microtubules in several cultured clonal cells. Here, we report that the knockdown of CAMSAP2 in primary β-cells reduces total insulin content and attenuates GSIS without affecting the releasability of insulin vesicles. Surprisingly, CAMSAP2 knockdown does not change microtubule stability. Unlike in cultured insulinoma cells, CAMSAP2 in primary β-cells predominantly localizes to the Golgi apparatus instead of microtubule minus ends. This novel localization is specific to primary β- but not α-cells and is independent of microtubule binding. Consistent with its specific localization at the Golgi, CAMSAP2 promotes efficient Golgi-ER trafficking in primary β-cells. Moreover, primary β-cells and insulinoma cells likely express different CAMSAP2 isoforms. We propose that a novel CAMSAP2 isoform in primary β-cells has a non-canonical function, which promotes Golgi-ER trafficking to support efficient production of insulin and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Hsien Ho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anissa Jayathilake
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mahircan Yagan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aisha Nour
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anna B. Osipovich
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark A. Magnuson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Guoqiang Gu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Irina Kaverina
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Chao X, Zhao F, Hu J, Yu Y, Xie R, Zhong J, Huang M, Zeng T, Yang H, Luo D, Peng W. Comparative Study of Two Common In Vitro Models for the Pancreatic Islet with MIN6. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2023; 20:127-141. [PMID: 36592326 PMCID: PMC9852380 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00507-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Islet transplantation is currently considered the most promising method for treating insulin-dependent diabetes. The two most-studied artificial islets are alginate-encapsulated β cells or β cell spheroids. As three-dimensional (3D) models, both artificial islets have better insulin secretory functions and transplantation efficiencies than cells in two-dimensional (2D) monolayer culture. However, the effects of these two methods have not been compared yet. Therefore, in this study, cells from the mouse islet β cell line Min6 were constructed as scaffold-free spheroids or alginate-encapsulated dispersed cells. METHODS MIN6 cell spheroids were prepared by using Agarose-base microwell arrays. The insulin secretion level was determined by mouse insulin ELISA kit, and the gene and protein expression status of the MIN6 were performed by Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot, respectively. RESULTS Both 3D cultures effectively promoted the proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin release (GSIS) of MIN6 cells compared to 2D adherent cells. Furthermore, 1% alginate-encapsulated MIN6 cells demonstrated more significant effects than the spheroids. In general, three pancreatic genes were expressed at higher levels in response to the 3D culture than to the 2D culture, and pancreatic/duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX1) expression was higher in the cells encapsulated in 1% alginate than that in the spheroids. A western blot analysis showed that 1% alginate-encapsulated MIN6 cells activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT)/forkhead transcription factor FKHR (FoxO1) pathway more than the spheroids, 0.5% alginate-, or 2% alginate-encapsulated cells did. The 3D MIN6 culture, therefore, showed improved effects compared to the 2D culture, and the 1% alginate-encapsulated MIN6 cells exhibited better effects than the spheroids. The upregulation of PDX1 expression through the activation of the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 pathway may mediate the improved cell proliferation and GSIS in 1% alginate-encapsulated MIN6 cells. CONCLUSION This study may contribute to the construction of in vitro culture systems for pancreatic islets to meet clinical requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Chao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Furong Zhao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Yu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Renjian Xie
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Jianing Zhong
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Miao Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tai Zeng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
| | - Dan Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Weijie Peng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication for Tissue Engineering, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China.
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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Veluthakal R, Thurmond DC. Emerging Roles of Small GTPases in Islet β-Cell Function. Cells 2021; 10:1503. [PMID: 34203728 PMCID: PMC8232272 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) from the Ras protein superfamily regulate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the pancreatic islet β-cell. The Rho family GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1 are primarily involved in relaying key signals in several cellular functions, including vesicle trafficking, plasma membrane homeostasis, and cytoskeletal dynamics. They orchestrate specific changes at each spatiotemporal region within the β-cell by coordinating with signal transducers, guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), GTPase-activating factors (GAPs), and their effectors. The Arf family of small GTPases is involved in vesicular trafficking (exocytosis and endocytosis) and actin cytoskeletal dynamics. Rab-GTPases regulate pre-exocytotic and late endocytic membrane trafficking events in β-cells. Several additional functions for small GTPases include regulating transcription factor activity and mitochondrial dynamics. Importantly, defects in several of these GTPases have been found associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) etiology. The purpose of this review is to systematically denote the identities and molecular mechanistic steps in the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion pathway that leads to the normal release of insulin. We will also note newly identified defects in these GTPases and their corresponding regulatory factors (e.g., GDP dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), GEFs, and GAPs) in the pancreatic β-cells, which contribute to the dysregulation of metabolism and the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajakrishnan Veluthakal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Debbie C. Thurmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes & Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Modzelewska K, Brown L, Culotti J, Moghal N. Sensory regulated Wnt production from neurons helps make organ development robust to environmental changes in C. elegans. Development 2020; 147:dev186080. [PMID: 32586974 DOI: 10.1242/dev.186080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Long-term survival of an animal species depends on development being robust to environmental variations and climate changes. We used C. elegans to study how mechanisms that sense environmental changes trigger adaptive responses that ensure animals develop properly. In water, the nervous system induces an adaptive response that reinforces vulval development through an unknown backup signal for vulval induction. This response involves the heterotrimeric G-protein EGL-30//Gαq acting in motor neurons. It also requires body-wall muscle, which is excited by EGL-30-stimulated synaptic transmission, suggesting a behavioral function of neurons induces backup signal production from muscle. We now report that increased acetylcholine during liquid growth activates an EGL-30-Rho pathway, distinct from the synaptic transmission pathway, that increases Wnt production from motor neurons. We also provide evidence that this neuronal Wnt contributes to EGL-30-stimulated vulval development, with muscle producing a parallel developmental signal. As diverse sensory modalities stimulate motor neurons via acetylcholine, this mechanism enables broad sensory perception to enhance Wnt-dependent development. Thus, sensory perception improves animal fitness by activating distinct neuronal functions that trigger adaptive changes in both behavior and developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Modzelewska
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Louise Brown
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Joseph Culotti
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Nadeem Moghal
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
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Salinno C, Cota P, Bastidas-Ponce A, Tarquis-Medina M, Lickert H, Bakhti M. β-Cell Maturation and Identity in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5417. [PMID: 31671683 PMCID: PMC6861993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The exponential increase of patients with diabetes mellitus urges for novel therapeutic strategies to reduce the socioeconomic burden of this disease. The loss or dysfunction of insulin-producing β-cells, in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes respectively, put these cells at the center of the disease initiation and progression. Therefore, major efforts have been taken to restore the β-cell mass by cell-replacement or regeneration approaches. Implementing novel therapies requires deciphering the developmental mechanisms that generate β-cells and determine the acquisition of their physiological phenotype. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms that coordinate the postnatal maturation of β-cells and define their functional identity. Furthermore, we discuss different routes by which β-cells lose their features and functionality in type 1 and 2 diabetic conditions. We then focus on potential mechanisms to restore the functionality of those β-cell populations that have lost their functional phenotype. Finally, we discuss the recent progress and remaining challenges facing the generation of functional mature β-cells from stem cells for cell-replacement therapy for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Salinno
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675Munich, Germany.
| | - Perla Cota
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675Munich, Germany.
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675Munich, Germany.
| | - Marta Tarquis-Medina
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675Munich, Germany.
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675Munich, Germany.
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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Wang LP, Peng XY, Lv XQ, Liu L, Li XL, He X, Lv F, Pan Y, Wang L, Liu KF, Zhang XM. High throughput circRNAs sequencing profile of follicle fluid exosomes of polycystic ovary syndrome patients. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15537-15547. [PMID: 30779115 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent reproductive disorders in women worldwide. Despite rigorous research, the exact molecular mechanism that governs PCOS pathogenesis remains unclear. To investigate the potential roles of circular RNAs (circRNAs), this study sequenced ribosomal RNA-depleted total RNA from exosomes of follicle fluids obtained from PCOS patients using non-PCOS samples as controls. Bioinformatic analysis identified 167 upregulated and 245 downregulated circRNAs from a total of 16,771 detected candidates. Functional analysis suggests that pathways related to bacterial infection, associated chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress could be targeted by the differential circRNAs in PCOS patients. The obtained sequencing results were further validated by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and a circRNA-microRNA interaction network was constructed. The obtained results provide a valuable addition to the published studies on the mechanism of PCOS pathogenesis by revealing a wide variety of new circRNAs, miRNA, and gene targets that merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Wang
- Department of Biobank, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Peng
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Lv
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Li Li
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao He
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Lv
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kai-Feng Liu
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Medicine Center, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Wang P, Wang SC, Li D, Li T, Yang HP, Wang L, Wang YF, Parpura V. Role of Connexin 36 in Autoregulation of Oxytocin Neuronal Activity in Rat Supraoptic Nucleus. ASN Neuro 2019; 11:1759091419843762. [PMID: 31091986 PMCID: PMC6535915 DOI: 10.1177/1759091419843762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the supraoptic nucleus (SON), the incidence of dye coupling among oxytocin (OT) neurons increases significantly in nursing mothers. However, the type(s) of connexin (Cx) involved is(are) unknown. In this study, we specifically investigated whether Cx36 plays a functional role in the coupling between OT neurons in the SON of lactating rats. In this brain region, Cx36 was mainly coimmunostained with vasopressin neurons in virgin female rats, whereas in lactating rats, Cx36 was primarily colocalized with OT neurons. In brain slices from lactating rats, application of quinine (0.1 mM), a selective blocker of Cx36, significantly reduced dye coupling among OT neurons as well as the discharge/firing frequency of spikes/action potentials and their amplitude, and transiently depolarized the membrane potential of OT neurons in whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. However, quinine significantly reduced the amplitude, but not frequency, of inhibitory postsynaptic currents in OT neurons; the duration of excitatory postsynaptic currents was reduced but not their frequency and amplitude. Furthermore, the excitatory effect of OT (1 pM) on OT neurons was significantly weakened and delayed by quinine, and burst firing was absent in the presence of this inhibitor. Lastly, Western blotting analysis revealed that the presence of combined, but not alone, quinine and OT significantly reduced the amount of Cx36 in the SON. Thus, Cx36-mediated junctional communication plays a crucial role in autoregulatory control of OT neuronal activity, likely by acting at the postsynaptic sites. The level of Cx36 is modulated by its own activity and the presence of OT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, China
| | | | - Dongyang Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Hai-Peng Yang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
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Abstract
Objective Actin cytoskeleton remodeling is necessary for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. A mechanistic understanding of actin dynamics in the islet is paramount to a better comprehension of β-cell dysfunction in diabetes. Here, we investigate the Rho GTPase regulator Stard13 and its role in F-actin cytoskeleton organization and islet function in adult mice. Methods We used Lifeact-EGFP transgenic animals to visualize actin cytoskeleton organization and dynamics in vivo in the mouse islets. Furthermore, we applied this model to study actin cytoskeleton and insulin secretion in mutant mice deleted for Stard13 selectively in pancreatic cells. We isolated transgenic islets for 3D-imaging and perifusion studies to measure insulin secretion dynamics. In parallel, we performed histological and morphometric analyses of the pancreas and used in vivo approaches to study glucose metabolism in the mouse. Results In this study, we provide the first genetic evidence that Stard13 regulates insulin secretion in response to glucose. Postnatally, Stard13 expression became restricted to the mouse pancreatic islets. We showed that Stard13 deletion results in a marked increase in actin polymerization in islet cells, which is accompanied by severe reduction of insulin secretion in perifusion experiments. Consistently, Stard13-deleted mice displayed impaired glucose tolerance and reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest a previously unappreciated role for the RhoGAP protein Stard13 in the interplay between actin cytoskeletal remodeling and insulin secretion. Lifeact-EGFP mice allow in vivo labeling of the actin cytoskeleton in islets. The RhoGAP Stard13 regulates actin cytoskeleton organization in mouse islets. Stard13 deficiency hampers glucose-induced insulin secretion by mouse β-cells.
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Shen H, Liang Z, Zheng S, Li X. Pathway and network-based analysis of genome-wide association studies and RT-PCR validation in polycystic ovary syndrome. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1385-1396. [PMID: 28949383 PMCID: PMC5627882 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify promising candidate genes and pathways in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Microarray dataset GSE345269 obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database includes 7 granulosa cell samples from PCOS patients, and 3 normal granulosa cell samples. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between PCOS and normal samples. Pathway enrichment analysis was conducted for DEGs using ClueGO and CluePedia plugin of Cytoscape. A Reactome functional interaction (FI) network of the DEGs was built using ReactomeFIViz, and then network modules were extracted, followed by pathway enrichment analysis for the modules. Expression of DEGs in granulosa cell samples was measured using quantitative RT-PCR. A total of 674 DEGs were retained, which were significantly enriched with inflammation and immune-related pathways. Eight modules were extracted from the Reactome FI network. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed significant pathways of each module: module 0, Regulation of RhoA activity and Signaling by Rho GTPases pathways shared ARHGAP4 and ARHGAP9; module 2, GlycoProtein VI-mediated activation cascade pathway was enriched with RHOG; module 3, Thromboxane A2 receptor signaling, Chemokine signaling pathway, CXCR4-mediated signaling events pathways were enriched with LYN, the hub gene of module 3. Results of RT-PCR confirmed the finding of the bioinformatic analysis that ARHGAP4, ARHGAP9, RHOG and LYN were significantly upregulated in PCOS. RhoA-related pathways, GlycoProtein VI-mediated activation cascade pathway, ARHGAP4, ARHGAP9, RHOG and LYN may be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Shen
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Liang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Saihua Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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10
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ROCKII inhibition promotes the maturation of human pancreatic beta-like cells. Nat Commun 2017; 8:298. [PMID: 28824164 PMCID: PMC5563509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is linked to loss of pancreatic beta-cells. Pluripotent stem cells offer a valuable source of human beta-cells for basic studies of their biology and translational applications. However, the signalling pathways that regulate beta-cell development and functional maturation are not fully understood. Here we report a high content chemical screen, revealing that H1152, a ROCK inhibitor, promotes the robust generation of insulin-expressing cells from multiple hPSC lines. The insulin expressing cells obtained after H1152 treatment show increased expression of mature beta cell markers and improved glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Moreover, the H1152-treated beta-like cells show enhanced glucose stimulated insulin secretion and increased capacity to maintain glucose homeostasis after transplantation. Conditional gene knockdown reveals that inhibition of ROCKII promotes the generation and maturation of glucose-responding cells. This study provides a strategy to promote human beta-cell maturation and identifies an unexpected role for the ROCKII pathway in the development and maturation of beta-like cells.Our incomplete understanding of how pancreatic beta cells form limits the generation of beta-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC). Here, the authors identify a ROCKII inhibitor H1152 as increasing insulin secreting cells from hPSCs and improving beta-cell maturation on transplantation in vivo.
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11
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Munder A, Israel LL, Kahremany S, Ben-Shabat-Binyamini R, Zhang C, Kolitz-Domb M, Viskind O, Levine A, Senderowitz H, Chessler S, Lellouche JP, Gruzman A. Mimicking Neuroligin-2 Functions in β-Cells by Functionalized Nanoparticles as a Novel Approach for Antidiabetic Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1189-1206. [PMID: 28045486 PMCID: PMC6035049 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Both pancreatic β-cell membranes and presynaptic active zones of neurons include in their structures similar protein complexes, which are responsible for mediating the secretion of bioactive molecules. In addition, these membrane-anchored proteins regulate interactions between neurons and guide the formation and maturation of synapses. These proteins include the neuroligins (e.g., NL-2) and their binding partners, the neurexins. The insulin secretion and maturation of β-cells is known to depend on their 3-dimensional (3D) arrangement. It was also reported that both insulin secretion and the proliferation rates of β-cells increase when cells are cocultured with clusters of NL-2. Use of full-length NL-2 or even its exocellular domain as potential β-cell functional enhancers is limited by the biostability and bioavailability issues common to all protein-based therapeutics. Thus, based on molecular modeling approaches, a short peptide with the potential ability to bind neurexins was derived from the NL-2 sequence. Here, we show that the NL-2-derived peptide conjugates onto innovative functional maghemite (γ-Fe2O3)-based nanoscale composite particles enhance β-cell functions in terms of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and protect them under stress conditions. Recruiting the β-cells' "neuron-like" secretory machinery as a target for diabetes treatment use has never been reported before. Such nanoscale composites might therefore provide a unique starting point for designing a novel class of antidiabetic therapeutic agents that possess a unique mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Munder
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Liron L. Israel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Nanomaterials Research Center, Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Shirin Kahremany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Rina Ben-Shabat-Binyamini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Nanomaterials Research Center, Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Charles Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Michal Kolitz-Domb
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Nanomaterials Research Center, Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Olga Viskind
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Anna Levine
- The Scientific Equipment Center, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Hanoch Senderowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Steven Chessler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Jean-Paul Lellouche
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Nanomaterials Research Center, Institute of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials (BINA), Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Arie Gruzman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Roscioni SS, Migliorini A, Gegg M, Lickert H. Impact of islet architecture on β-cell heterogeneity, plasticity and function. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2016; 12:695-709. [PMID: 27585958 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although β-cell heterogeneity was discovered more than 50 years ago, the underlying principles have been explored only during the past decade. Islet-cell heterogeneity arises during pancreatic development and might reflect the existence of distinct populations of progenitor cells and the developmental pathways of endocrine cells. Heterogeneity can also be acquired in the postnatal period owing to β-cell plasticity or changes in islet architecture. Furthermore, β-cell neogenesis, replication and dedifferentiation represent alternative sources of β-cell heterogeneity. In addition to a physiological role, β-cell heterogeneity influences the development of diabetes mellitus and its response to treatment. Identifying phenotypic and functional markers to discriminate distinct β-cell subpopulations and the mechanisms underpinning their regulation is warranted to advance current knowledge of β-cell function and to design novel regenerative strategies that target subpopulations of β cells. In this context, the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) effector molecule Flattop can distinguish two unique β-cell subpopulations with specific transcriptional signatures, functional properties and differential responses to environmental stimuli. In vivo targeting of these β-cell subpopulations might, therefore, represent an alternative strategy for the future treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Roscioni
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Adriana Migliorini
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Gegg
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, 81675 München, Germany
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13
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Uzawa K, Kasamatsu A, Saito T, Takahara T, Minakawa Y, Koike K, Yamatoji M, Nakashima D, Higo M, Sakamoto Y, Shiiba M, Tanzawa H. Long-term culture of human odontoma-derived cells with a Rho kinase inhibitor. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:232-240. [PMID: 27514999 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Because of cellular senescence/apoptosis, no effective culture systems are available to maintain replication of cells from odontogenic tumors especially for odontoma, and, thus, the ability to isolate human odontoma-derived cells (hODCs) for functional studies is needed. The current study was undertaken to develop an approach to isolate hODCs and fully characterize the cells in vitro. The hODCs were cultured successfully with a Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor (Y-27632) for an extended period with stabilized lengths of the telomeres to sustain a similar phenotype/property as the primary tumoral cells. While the hODCs showed stable long-term expansion with expression of major dental epithelial markers including dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) even in the three-dimensional microenvironment, they lack the specific markers for the characteristics of stem cells. Moreover, cells from dental pulp showed significant up-regulation of DSPP when co-cultured with the hODCs, while control fibroblasts with the hODCs did not. Taken together, we propose that the hODCs can be isolated and expanded over the long term with Y-27632 to investigate not only the development of the hODCs but also other types of benign human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Uzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Kasamatsu
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Saito
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Takahara
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Minakawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Koike
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Masanobu Yamatoji
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Dai Nakashima
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Morihiro Higo
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sakamoto
- Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiiba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanzawa
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Dentistry and Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Chiba University Hospital, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba 260-8677, Japan
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14
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Abstract
The pancreas produces enzymes with a digestive function and hormones with a metabolic function, which are produced by distinct cell types of acini and islets, respectively. Within these units, secretory cells coordinate their functioning by exchanging information via signals that flow in the intercellular spaces and are generated either at distance (several neural and hormonal inputs) or nearby the pancreatic cells themselves (inputs mediated by membrane ionic-specific channels and by ionic- and metabolite-permeant pannexin channels and connexin "hemichannels"). Pancreatic secretory cells further interact via the extracellular matrix of the pancreas (inputs mediated by integrins) and directly with neighboring cells, by mechanisms that do not require extracellular mediators (inputs mediated by gap and tight junction channels). Here, we review the expression and function of the connexins and pannexins that are expressed by the main secretory cells of the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic cells. Available data show that the patterns of expression of these proteins differ in acini and islets, supporting distinct functions in the physiological secretion of pancreatic enzymes and hormones. Circumstantial evidence further suggests that alterations in the signaling provided by these proteins are involved in pancreatic diseases.
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