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Li T, Li X, Zheng L, Li H. Stable body sizes in soil nematodes across altitudes: The role of intrageneric variation in community assembly. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70025. [PMID: 39011134 PMCID: PMC11246979 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal body size exhibits rapid responses to environmental variations and displays considerable variability across ecological scales, significantly influencing ecological community assembly. However, our understanding of the extent of body size variation and its responses to environmental differences within soil fauna remains limited, impeding a comprehensive grasp of soil fauna's functional ecology. Here, we aim to investigate the magnitude of intrageneric body size variation and its implications for soil nematode community assembly along an altitudinal gradient. We examined soil nematode body size responses along an altitudinal gradient spanning from 3136 to 4128 m in an alpine mountain region of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. We assessed the contributions of intra- and intergeneric variations in body size, both within and among communities, using individual body size values. The implications of these variations for community assembly processes were determined through phenotypic variance ratios employing permutation tests. Our analyses did not reveal statistically significant correlations between altitude and the community-weighted mean body mass, regardless of considering intrageneric trait variation (IGTV). Approximately 15% of the variation in body size among communities and a substantial 72% of the variation in body size within communities can be attributed to IGTV. Altitude did not significantly affect IGTV within or among communities. Furthermore, our results underscored the dominant role of internal filtering within the community in governing nematode community assembly, with external filtering outside the community playing a limited role within our altitudinal range. Our findings emphasize the dominant role of body size variation within communities rather than among communities, attributable to strong internal filtering processes. These findings advance our understanding of body size variation in soil nematodes across ecological scales and highlight the pivotal role of intrageneric variation in shaping the functional ecology of soil fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Xianping Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Lingyun Zheng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
| | - Huixin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing China
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Cozzolino L, Nicastro KR, Hubbard PC, Seuront L, McQuaid CD, Zardi GI. Intraspecific genetic lineages of a marine mussel show behavioural divergence when exposed to microplastic leachates. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122779. [PMID: 37863252 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, microplastic pollution has numerous negative implications for marine biota, exacerbating the effects of other forms of global anthropogenic disturbance. Mounting evidence shows that microplastics (MPs) not only cause physical damage through their ingestion, but also act as vectors for hazardous compounds by leaching absorbed and adsorbed chemicals. Research on the effects of plastic pollution has, however, largely assumed that species respond uniformly, while ignoring intraspecific diversity (i.e., variation within a single species). We investigated the effects of plastic leachates derived from factory-fresh (virgin) and beached microplastics on the behavioural responses of two genetic lineages of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Through laboratory behavioural experiments, we found that during exposure to leachates from beached microplastics (beached MPLs), Atlantic specimens moved significantly less than Mediterranean individuals in terms of both (i) proportion of individuals responding through movement and (ii) net and gross distances crawled. In contrast, no significant intraspecific differences were observed in the behaviour of either adults or recruits when exposed to MPLs from virgin microplastics (virgin MPLs). Additionally, the reception of cues from three amino acids (L-cysteine, proline and L-leucine) at increasing concentrations (10-5 M to 10-3 M in charcoal-filtered seawater) was tested by electrophysiological analysis using mussels exposed to beached MPLs or control seawater. We found significant intraspecific differences in response to 10-3 M L-cysteine (regardless of treatment) and 10-4 M L-cysteine (in mussels exposed to beached MPLs) and to 10-3 M proline (in mussels exposed to beached MPLs) and 10-5 M L-leucine. Our study suggests that intraspecific variation in a marine mussel may prompt different responses to plastic pollution, potentially triggered by local adaptation and physiological variability between lineages. Our work highlights the importance of assessing the effects of intraspecific variation, especially in environmental sentinel species as this level of diversity could modulate responses to plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cozzolino
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal.
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000, Lille, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Peter C Hubbard
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Laurent Seuront
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000, Lille, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108- 8477, Japan
| | - Christopher D McQuaid
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa; Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR 8067 BOREA (CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, IRD-207), CS 14032, 14000, Caen, France
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de Tomás Marín S, Galán Díaz J, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Prieto I, de la Riva EG. Linking functional composition moments of the sub-Mediterranean ecotone with environmental drivers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1303022. [PMID: 38143583 PMCID: PMC10748396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1303022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Functional trait-based approaches are extensively applied to the study of mechanisms governing community assembly along environmental gradients. These approaches have been classically based on studying differences in mean values among species, but there is increasing recognition that alternative metrics of trait distributions should be considered to decipher the mechanisms determining community assembly and species coexistence. Under this framework, the main aim of this study is to unravel the effects of environmental conditions as drivers of plant community assembly in sub-Mediterranean ecotones. Methods We set 60 plots in six plant communities of a sub-Mediterranean forest in Central Spain, and measured key above- and belowground functional traits in 411 individuals belonging to 19 species, along with abiotic variables. We calculated community-weighted mean (CWM), skewness (CWS) and kurtosis (CWK) of three plant dimensions, and used maximum likelihood techniques to analyze how variation in these functional community traits was driven by abiotic factors. Additionally, we estimated the relative contribution of intraspecific trait variability and species turnover to variation in CWM. Results and discussion The first three axes of variation of the principal component analyses were related to three main plant ecological dimensions: Leaf Economics Spectrum, Root Economics Spectrum and plant hydraulic architecture, respectively. Type of community was the most important factor determining differences in the functional structure among communities, as compared to the role of abiotic variables. We found strong differences among communities in their CWMs in line with their biogeographic origin (Eurosiberian vs Mediterranean), while differences in CWS and CWK indicate different trends in the functional structure among communities and the coexistence of different functional strategies, respectively. Moreover, changes in functional composition were primarily due to intraspecific variability. Conclusion We observed a high number of strategies in the forest with the different communities spreading along the acquisitive-conservative axis of resource-use, partly matching their Eurosiberian-Mediterranean nature, respectively. Intraspecific trait variability, rather than species turnover, stood as the most relevant factor when analyzing functional changes and assembly patterns among communities. Altogether, our data support the notion that ecotones are ecosystems where relatively minor environmental shifts may result in changes in plant and functional composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio de Tomás Marín
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Javier Galán Díaz
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Functioning of Forest Systems in a Changing Environment Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván Prieto
- Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Enrique G. de la Riva
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
- Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, León, Spain
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de la Riva EG, Prieto I, de Tomás Marín S, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Golabvand P, Galán Díaz J. Living at the edge: the functional niche occupation of woody plant communities in the submediterranean ecotone. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:471-484. [PMID: 37724864 PMCID: PMC10666996 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Submediterranean areas are rich ecotones, where slight modifications in environmental conditions can lead to substantial changes in the composition of plant communities. They thus offer an ideal scenario to examine plant community assembly. In this study, we followed a trait-based approach including intraspecific variability to elucidate (1) the relationship between niche occupancy components and species richness, (2) the processes governing the assembly of these communities and (3) the contribution of intraspecific trait variability in shaping the functional trait space. METHODS We measured eight morphological and chemical traits in 405 individuals across 60 plots located in different forest communities (Mediterranean, Eurosiberian and Mixed) coexisting within a submediterranean ecosystem in central Spain. We calculated three niche occupancy components related to Hutchinson's n-dimensional hypervolumes: the total functional volume of the community, the functional overlap between species within the community and the average functional volume per species, and then used null models to explore the relative importance of habitat filtering, limiting similarity and intraspecific variability as assembly patterns. KEY RESULTS Both habitat filtering and niche differentiation drive the community assembly of Mediterranean communities, whereas limiting similarity and hierarchical competition shape Eurosiberian communities. Intraspecific responses were mostly explained by shifts in species niches across the functional space (changes in the position of the centroids of hypervolumes). CONCLUSIONS Different assembly mechanisms govern the structure of Mediterranean, Eurosiberian and Mixed plant communities. Combining niche occupancy components with a null model approach at different spatial scales offers new insights into the mechanisms driving plant community assembly. Consideration of intraspecific variability is key for understanding the mechanisms governing species coexistence in species-rich ecotones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique G de la Riva
- Area de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Iván Prieto
- Area de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Gestión Ambiental, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Sergio de Tomás Marín
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Functioning of Forest Systems in a Changing Environment (FORESCENT), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pardis Golabvand
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, Konrad-Wachsmann-Allee 6, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Javier Galán Díaz
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Universidad of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Carvajal DE, Loayza AP, Squeo FA. Functional diversity and spatial association analyses at different spatial scales reveal no changes in community assembly processes along an aridity gradient in the Atacama Desert. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19905. [PMID: 37963983 PMCID: PMC10646005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The structuring of plant assemblages along environmental gradients is typically explained by shifts from competition (limiting similarity) to environmental filtering as the environment becomes more stressful. However, facilitation, weaker-competitor exclusion, environmental heterogeneity, and the colonization-competition tradeoff can also structure plant assemblages along gradients. These assembly processes act on different plant traits and organs, and their prevalence varies with respect to the spatial scale. Using patterns of functional diversity, coupled with patterns of species association at two spatial scales, here we discern the assembly processes that structure shrub communities in four localities along an aridity gradient of the Atacama Desert. At each site, we calculated functional dispersion indexes for above- and below-ground traits, and patterns of species association at a patch and neighborhood scale. Our results revealed that at the patch scale in intermediate levels of aridity, the dominant assembly process was within-site environmental heterogeneity. At the neighborhood scale, communities are assembled mainly through random processes. Nonetheless, in some communities, the dominant assembly process was competition via limiting similarity or exclusion of the weaker competitor, and these did not change along the gradient. Together, these results reveal that environmental heterogeneity and competition are the main drivers of plant community assembly in a hyper-arid environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny E Carvajal
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Casilla 554, La Serena, Chile.
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrea P Loayza
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad de La Serena, 1720256, La Serena, Chile
| | - Francisco A Squeo
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Casilla 554, La Serena, Chile
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
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Cozzolino L, Nicastro KR, Lefebvre S, Corona L, Froneman PW, McQuaid C, Zardi GI. The effect of interspecific and intraspecific diversity on microplastic ingestion in two co-occurring mussel species in South Africa. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 196:115649. [PMID: 37864858 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Interspecific and intraspecific diversity are essential components of biodiversity with far-reaching implications for ecosystem function and service provision. Importantly, genotypic and phenotypic variation within a species can affect responses to anthropogenic pressures more than interspecific diversity. We investigated the effects of interspecific and intraspecific diversity on microplastic ingestion by two coexisting mussel species in South Africa, Mytilus galloprovincialis and Perna perna, the latter occurring as two genetic lineages. We found significantly higher microplastic abundance in M. galloprovincialis (0.54 ± 0.56 MP items g-1WW) than P. perna (0.16 ± 0.21 MP items g-1WW), but no difference between P. perna lineages. Microbeads were the predominant microplastic (76 % in P. perna, 99 % in M. galloprovincialis) and polyethylene the prevalent polymer. Interspecific differences in microplastic abundance varied across locations, suggesting diverse sources of contamination. We suggest that microplastic ingestion can be species-specific even in organisms that coexist and play similar functional roles within ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cozzolino
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, station marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sebastien Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, station marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Luana Corona
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | | | - Christopher McQuaid
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciências do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR 8067 BOREA (CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, IRD-207), CS 14032, 14000 Caen, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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Wheeler GR, Brassil CE, Knops JMH. Functional traits' annual variation exceeds nitrogen-driven variation in grassland plant species. Ecology 2023; 104:e3886. [PMID: 36208107 PMCID: PMC10078297 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Effective application of functional trait approaches to ecological questions requires understanding the patterns of trait variation within species as well as between them. However, few studies address the potential for intraspecific variation to occur on a temporal basis and, thus, for trait-based findings to be contingent upon sampling year. To quantify annual variation in the functional traits of grassland plant species, we measured specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, plant height, and chlorophyll content in 12 shortgrass prairie plant species. We repeated these measurements across 4 years, both in long-term nitrogen addition plots and in corresponding control plots. Three of the four traits showed significant year-to-year variation in a linear mixed model analysis, generally following a pattern of more acquisitive leaf economics spectrum traits in higher rainfall years. Furthermore, two of the measured traits responded interactively to nitrogen addition and sampling year, although only one, leaf dry matter content, showed the expected pattern of stronger nitrogen responses in high rainfall years. For leaf dry matter content and specific leaf area, trait responses to sampling year were larger than responses to the nitrogen addition treatment. These findings illustrate that species' functional traits can respond strongly to environmental changes across years, and thus that trait variation in a species or community is likely to extend beyond the values and patterns observed in any single year.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Wheeler
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Chad E Brassil
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
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Cozzolino L, Nicastro KR, Seuront L, McQuaid CD, Zardi GI. The relative effects of interspecific and intraspecific diversity on microplastic trapping in coastal biogenic habitats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157771. [PMID: 35926622 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of how anthropogenic stressors such as climate change and plastic pollution interact with biodiversity is being widened to include diversity below the species level, i.e., intraspecific variation. The emerging appreciation of the key ecological importance of intraspecific diversity and its potential loss in the Anthropocene, further highlights the need to assess the relative importance of intraspecific versus interspecific diversity. One such issue is whether a species responds as a homogenous whole to plastic pollution. Using manipulative field transplant experiments and laboratory-controlled hydrodynamic simulations, we assessed the relative effects of intraspecific and interspecific diversity on microplastic trapping in coastal biogenic habitats dominated by two key bioengineers, the brown intertidal macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus and F. guiryi. At the individual level, northern morphotypes of F. guiryi trapped more microplastics than southern individuals, and F. vesiculosus trapped more microplastics than F. guiryi. Canopy density varied among species, however, leading to reversed patterns of microplastic accumulation, with F. guiryi canopies accumulating more microplastics than those of F. vesiculosus, while no differences were observed between the canopies of F. guiryi morphotypes. We emphasize the importance of assessing the effects of intraspecific variation which, along with other crucial factors such as canopy density, flow velocity and polymer composition, modulates the extent of microplastic accumulation in coastal biogenic habitats. Our findings indicate that a realistic estimation of plastic accumulation in biogenic habitats requires an understanding of within- and between-species traits at both the individual and population levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cozzolino
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciencias do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal.
| | - Katy R Nicastro
- CCMAR-Centro de Ciencias do Mar, CIMAR Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Laurent Seuront
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, UMR 8187 - LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, F-59000 Lille, France; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Department of Marine Resources and Energy, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Christopher D McQuaid
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Normandie Université, UNICAEN, Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR 8067 BOREA (CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, UCBN, IRD-207), CS 14032, 14000 Caen, France
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Disentangling the Interspecific and Intraspecific Variation in Functional Traits of Desert Plant Communities under Different Moisture Gradients. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13071088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studying the inter- and intraspecific variation in plant functional traits elucidates their environmental adaptation strategies and the mechanisms of community construction. This study selected the desert plant community in the Lake Ebinur watershed as the research object and considered five different traits: plant height (H), diameter at breast height/base diameter (DBH/BD), leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), and leaf thickness (LT). This study used redundancy and correlation analyses to investigate the inter- and intraspecies variation in community-level traits, its relationship with soil physicochemical factors under different soil moisture conditions, and their change laws. We also used variance decomposition to analyze the contribution of inter- and intraspecific variation to community weighting. The results showed the following: (1) the values of the plant community functional traits varied according to the water gradient, and the LL (p = 0.01) and DBH/BD (p = 0.038) varied significantly; (2) for intraspecific variation, the DBH/BD variation was high at a low moisture gradient, LL (p = 0.018) and LT (p = 0.030) variation were high at a high moisture gradient, and the differences were significant; (3) under a high moisture gradient, inter- and intraspecific variation contributed 85.8% and 35.7% to community weighting, respectively, whereas under low moisture gradients, inter- and intraspecific variation contributed 53.3% and 25.1%, respectively.
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Menalled UD, Adeux G, Cordeau S, Smith RG, Mirsky SB, Ryan MR. Cereal rye mulch biomass and crop density affect weed suppression and community assembly in no‐till planted soybean. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Uriel D. Menalled
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Guillaume Adeux
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
| | - Stéphane Cordeau
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon INRAE, Univ. Bourgogne, Univ. Bourgogne Franche‐Comté Dijon France
| | - Richard G. Smith
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Steven B. Mirsky
- USDA–ARS Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory Beltsville Maryland USA
| | - Matthew R. Ryan
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
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Faillace CA, Grunberg RL, Morin PJ. Historical contingency and the role of post-invasion evolution in alternative community states. Ecology 2022; 103:e3711. [PMID: 35362167 PMCID: PMC9287070 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Historical contingency has long figured prominently in the conceptual frameworks of evolutionary biology and community ecology. Evolutionary biologists typically consider the effects of chance mutation and historical contingency in driving divergence and convergence of traits in populations, whereas ecologists instead are often interested in the role of historical contingency in community assembly and succession. Although genetic differences among individuals in populations can influence community interactions, variability among populations of the same species has received relatively little attention for its potential role in community assembly and succession. We used a community‐level study of experimental evolution in two compositionally different assemblages of protists and rotifers to explore whether initial differences in species abundances among communities attributed to differences in evolutionary history, persisted as species that continued to evolve over time. In each assemblage, we observed significant convergence between two invaded treatments initially differing in evolutionary history over an observation period equal to ~40–80 generations for most species. Nonetheless, community structure failed to converge completely across all invaded treatments within an assemblage to a single structure. This suggests that whereas the species in the assemblage represent a common selective regime, differences in populations reflecting their evolutionary history can produce long‐lasting transient alternative community states. In one assemblage, we also observed increasing within‐treatment variability among replicate communities over time, suggesting that ecological drift may be another factor contributing to community change. Although subtle, these transient alternative states, in which communities differed in the abundance of interacting species, could nonetheless have important functional consequences, suggesting that the role of evolution in driving these states deserves greater attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara A Faillace
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, Dept. of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Environmental & Natural Resources Building, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Rita L Grunberg
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Peter J Morin
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, Dept. of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Environmental & Natural Resources Building, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ
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12
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Gianoli E, Escobedo VM. Phenotypic plasticity may mediate habitat filtering in a forest edge community. OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Gianoli
- Depto de Biología, Univ. de La Serena La Serena Chile
- Depto de Botánica, Univ. de Concepción Concepción Chile
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13
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Nicastro KR, McQuaid CD, Dievart A, Zardi GI. Intraspecific diversity in an ecological engineer functionally trumps interspecific diversity in shaping community structure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140723. [PMID: 32758835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Can intraspecific diversity functionally supersede interspecific diversity? Recent studies have established the ecological effects of intraspecific variation on a number of ecosystem dynamics including resilience and productivity and we hypothesised that they may functionally exceed those of species diversity. We focused on a coastal ecosystem dominated by two coexisting bioengineering mussel species, one of which, Perna perna, displays two distinct phylogeographic lineages. A manipulative field experiment revealed greater habitat structural complexity and a more benign microscale environment within beds of the eastern lineage than those of the western lineage or the second species (Mytilus galloprovincialis); the latter two did not differ. Similarly, while infaunal species abundance and biomass differed significantly between the two lineages of Perna, there was no such difference between Mytilus and the western Perna lineage. The evenness and diversity of associated infaunal assemblages responded differently. Diversity differed relatively weakly between species, while evenness showed a very strong difference between conspecific lineages. Our results show that variation within a species can functionally supersede diversity between species. As the two P. perna lineages have different physiological tolerances, we expect them to react differently to environmental change. Our findings indicate that predicting the ecosystem-level consequences of climate change requires an understanding of the relative strengths of within- and between-species differences in functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy R Nicastro
- CCMAR, CIMAR Associated Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Christopher D McQuaid
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Alexia Dievart
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Gerardo I Zardi
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
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14
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Facilitative priority effects drive parasite assembly under coinfection. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1510-1521. [PMID: 32868915 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-01289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Host individuals are often coinfected with diverse parasite assemblages, resulting in complex interactions among parasites within hosts. Within hosts, priority effects occur when the infection sequence alters the outcome of interactions among parasites. Yet, the role of host immunity in this process remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that the host response to the first infection could generate priority effects among parasites, altering the assembly of later-arriving strains during epidemics. We tested this by infecting sentinel host genotypes of Plantago lanceolata with strains of the fungal parasite Podosphaera plantaginis and measuring susceptibility to subsequent infection during experimental and natural epidemics. In these experiments, prior infection by one strain often increased susceptibility to other strains, and these facilitative priority effects altered the structure of parasite assemblages, but this effect depended on host genotype, host population and parasite genotype. Thus, host genotype, spatial structure and priority effects among strains all independently altered parasite assembly. Using a fine-scale survey and sampling of infections on wild hosts in several populations, we then identified a signal of facilitative priority effects, which altered parasite assembly during natural epidemics. Together, these results provide evidence that within-host priority effects of early-arriving strains can drive parasite assembly, with implications for how strain diversity is spatially and temporally distributed during epidemics.
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15
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Niccum BA, Kastman EK, Kfoury N, Robbat A, Wolfe BE. Strain-Level Diversity Impacts Cheese Rind Microbiome Assembly and Function. mSystems 2020; 5:e00149-20. [PMID: 32546667 PMCID: PMC7300356 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00149-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diversification can generate genomic and phenotypic strain-level diversity within microbial species. This microdiversity is widely recognized in populations, but the community-level consequences of microbial strain-level diversity are poorly characterized. Using the cheese rind model system, we tested whether strain diversity across microbiomes from distinct geographic regions impacts assembly dynamics and functional outputs. We first isolated the same three bacterial species (Staphylococcus equorum, Brevibacterium auranticum, and Brachybacterium alimentarium) from nine cheeses produced in different regions of the United States and Europe to construct nine synthetic microbial communities consisting of distinct strains of the same three bacterial species. Comparative genomics identified distinct phylogenetic clusters and significant variation in genome content across the nine synthetic communities. When we assembled each synthetic community with initially identical compositions, community structure diverged over time, resulting in communities with different dominant taxa. The taxonomically identical communities showed differing responses to abiotic (high salt) and biotic (the fungus Penicillium) perturbations, with some communities showing no response and others substantially shifting in composition. Functional differences were also observed across the nine communities, with significant variation in pigment production (light yellow to orange) and in composition of volatile organic compound profiles emitted from the rinds (nutty to sulfury).IMPORTANCE Our work demonstrated that the specific microbial strains used to construct a microbiome could impact the species composition, perturbation responses, and functional outputs of that system. These findings suggest that 16S rRNA gene taxonomic profiles alone may have limited potential to predict the dynamics of microbial communities because they usually do not capture strain-level diversity. Observations from our synthetic communities also suggest that strain-level diversity has the potential to drive variability in the aesthetics and quality of surface-ripened cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany A Niccum
- Tufts University, Department of Biology, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erik K Kastman
- Tufts University, Department of Biology, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nicole Kfoury
- Tufts University, Department of Chemistry, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Albert Robbat
- Tufts University, Department of Chemistry, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin E Wolfe
- Tufts University, Department of Biology, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Blondeel H, Perring MP, Depauw L, De Lombaerde E, Landuyt D, De Frenne P, Verheyen K. Light and warming drive forest understorey community development in different environments. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:1681-1696. [PMID: 31811690 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant community composition and functional traits respond to chronic drivers such as climate change and nitrogen (N) deposition. In contrast, pulse disturbances from ecosystem management can additionally change resources and conditions. Community responses to combined environmental changes may further depend on land-use legacies. Disentangling the relative importance of these global change drivers is necessary to improve predictions of future plant communities. We performed a multifactor global change experiment to disentangle drivers of herbaceous plant community trajectories in a temperate deciduous forest. Communities of five species, assembled from a pool of 15 forest herb species with varying ecological strategies, were grown in 384 mesocosms on soils from ancient forest (forested at least since 1850) and postagricultural forest (forested since 1950) collected across Europe. Mesocosms were exposed to two-level full-factorial treatments of warming, light addition (representing changing forest management) and N enrichment. We measured plant height, specific leaf area (SLA) and species cover over the course of three growing seasons. Increasing light availability followed by warming reordered the species towards a taller herb community, with limited effects of N enrichment or the forest land-use history. Two-way interactions between treatments and incorporating intraspecific trait variation (ITV) did not yield additional inference on community height change. Contrastingly, community SLA differed when considering ITV along with species reordering, which highlights ITV's importance for understanding leaf morphology responses to nutrient enrichment in dark conditions. Contrary to our expectations, we found limited evidence of land-use legacies affecting community responses to environmental changes, perhaps because dispersal limitation was removed in the experimental design. These findings can improve predictions of community functional trait responses to global changes by acknowledging ITV, and subtle changes in light availability. Adaptive forest management to impending global change could benefit the restoration and conservation of understorey plant communities by reducing the light availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haben Blondeel
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Michael P Perring
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
- Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Leen Depauw
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Emiel De Lombaerde
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Dries Landuyt
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
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17
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Foliar and Wood Traits Covary along a Vertical Gradient within the Crown of Long-Lived Light-Demanding Species of the Congo Basin Semi-Deciduous Forest. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f11010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant functional traits have shown to be relevant predictors of forest functional responses to climate change. However, the trait-based approach to study plant performances and ecological strategies has mostly been focused on trait comparisons at the interspecific and intraspecific levels. In this study, we analyzed traits variation and association at the individual level. We measured wood and leaf traits at different height locations within the crown of five individuals of Pericopsis elata (Harms) Meeuwen (Fabaceae) from the northern tropical forest of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. All traits varied between and within individuals. The between-individual variation was more important for leaf traits (23%–48%) than for wood traits (~10%) where the within-individual variation showed to be more important (33%–39%). The sample location height within the crown was found to be the driving factor of this within-individual variation. In a gradient from the base to the top of the crown, theoretical specific hydraulic conductivity and specific leaf area decreased while the stomatal density increased. We found significant relationships among traits and between wood and leaf traits. However, these relationships varied with the position within the crown. The relationship between vessel size and vessel density was negative at the bottom part of the crown but positive upward. Also, the negative relationship between stomatal density and stomatal size became stronger with increasing height within the crown. Finally, the positive relationship between specific leaf area and theoretical specific hydraulic conductivity became stronger in higher parts of the crown, suggesting that P. elata constantly adapts its water use with respect to its water supply, more strongly at the top of the crown where the environment is more extreme and less buffered against environmental fluctuations.
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18
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Chai Y, Dang H, Yue M, Xu J, Zhang L, Quan J, Guo Y, Li T, Wang L, Wang M, Liu X. The role of intraspecific trait variability and soil properties in community assembly during forest secondary succession. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Chai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education Northwest University Xi'an China
- School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Han Dang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education Northwest University Xi'an China
- School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Ming Yue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education Northwest University Xi'an China
- School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Jinshi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Jiaxin Quan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Yaoxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Mao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education Northwest University Xi'an China
- College of Grassland and Environment Sciences Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumqi China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China Ministry of Education Northwest University Xi'an China
- School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
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19
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Burkle LA, Runyon JB. Floral volatiles structure plant–pollinator interactions in a diverse community across the growing season. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Burkle
- Department of Ecology Montana State University Bozeman Montana
| | - Justin B. Runyon
- Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest Service Bozeman Montana
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20
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Fricke EC, Tewksbury JJ, Rogers HS. Linking intra‐specific trait variation and plant function: seed size mediates performance tradeoffs within species. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evan C. Fricke
- National Socio‐Environmental Synthesis Center, Univ. of Maryland Annapolis MD 21401 USA
| | - Joshua J. Tewksbury
- Colorado Global Hub, Future Earth Boulder CO USA
- Sustainability, Energy and Environment Complex, Univ. of Colorado Boulder CO USA
| | - Haldre S. Rogers
- Dept of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State Univ Ames IA USA
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21
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Kumordzi BB, Aubin I, Cardou F, Shipley B, Violle C, Johnstone J, Anand M, Arsenault A, Bell FW, Bergeron Y, Boulangeat I, Brousseau M, De Grandpré L, Delagrange S, Fenton NJ, Gravel D, Macdonald SE, Hamel B, Higelin M, Hébert F, Isabel N, Mallik A, McIntosh AC, McLaren JR, Messier C, Morris D, Thiffault N, Tremblay J, Munson AD. Geographic scale and disturbance influence intraspecific trait variability in leaves and roots of North American understorey plants. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bright B. Kumordzi
- Centre d’étude de la forêt, Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - Isabelle Aubin
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service Natural Resources Canada Sault Ste Marie ON Canada
| | - Françoise Cardou
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service Natural Resources Canada Sault Ste Marie ON Canada
- Département de biologie Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Bill Shipley
- Département de biologie Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, UMR 5175 CNRS – Université de Montpellier – Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier – EPHE Montpellier France
| | - Jill Johnstone
- Department of Biology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon SK Canada
| | - Madhur Anand
- School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph Guelph ON Canada
| | - André Arsenault
- Atlantic Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service and School of Science and the Environment Memorial University of Newfoundland Corner Brook NL Canada
| | - F. Wayne Bell
- Ontario Forest Research Institute Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Sault Ste Marie ON Canada
| | - Yves Bergeron
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts Université du Québec en Abitibi‐Témiscamingue Rouyn‐Noranda QC Canada
| | | | - Maxime Brousseau
- Département de biologie and Centre d'étude de la forêt Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - Louis De Grandpré
- Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service Natural Resources Canada Québec QC Canada
| | - Sylvain Delagrange
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée Université du Québec en Outaouais Ripon QC Canada
| | - Nicole J. Fenton
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts Université du Québec en Abitibi‐Témiscamingue Rouyn‐Noranda QC Canada
| | - Dominique Gravel
- Département de biologie Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - S. Ellen Macdonald
- Department of Renewable Resources University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Benoit Hamel
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service Natural Resources Canada Sault Ste Marie ON Canada
| | - Morgane Higelin
- Institut de recherche sur les forêts Université du Québec en Abitibi‐Témiscamingue Rouyn‐Noranda QC Canada
| | - François Hébert
- Direction de la recherche forestière Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs Québec QC Canada
| | - Nathalie Isabel
- Laurentian Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service Natural Resources Canada Québec QC Canada
| | - Azim Mallik
- Department of Biology Lakehead University Thunder Bay ON Canada
| | | | - Jennie R. McLaren
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX USA
| | - Christian Messier
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée Université du Québec en Outaouais Ripon QC Canada
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal QC Canada
| | - Dave Morris
- Centre for Northern Forest Ecosystem Research Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry Thunder Bay ON Canada
| | - Nelson Thiffault
- Centre d’étude de la forêt, Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt Université Laval Québec QC Canada
- Canadian Wood Fibre Centre Natural Resources Canada Québec QC Canada
| | - Jean‐Pierre Tremblay
- Département de biologie and Centre d'étude de la forêt Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - Alison D. Munson
- Centre d’étude de la forêt, Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt Université Laval Québec QC Canada
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22
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Benavides R, Scherer‐Lorenzen M, Valladares F. The functional trait space of tree species is influenced by the species richness of the canopy and the type of forest. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Benavides
- LINCGlobal, Dept of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas ES‐28006 Madrid Spain
| | | | - Fernando Valladares
- LINCGlobal, Dept of Biogeography and Global Change, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas ES‐28006 Madrid Spain
- Biodiversity and Conservation Area, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles Madrid Spain
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23
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Park M, Cho S, Park J, Lee H, Song W, Park IK, Kim HS. Size-dependent variation in leaf functional traits and nitrogen allocation trade-offs in Robinia pseudoacacia and Cornus controversa. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:755-766. [PMID: 30924868 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tree species vary in how they invest resources to different functions throughout their life histories, and investigating the detailed patterns of ontogenetic changes in key functional traits will aid in predicting forest dynamics and ecosystem processes. In this context, we investigated size-dependent changes in key leaf functional traits and nitrogen (N) allocation trade-offs in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L., an N-fixing pioneer species) and giant dogwood (Cornus controversa Hemsl., a mid-successional species), which have different life-history strategies, especially in their light use. We found that the leaf mass per area and leaf carbon concentrations increased linearly with tree size (diameter at breast height, DBH), whereas leaf N concentrations decreased nonlinearly, with U- and hump-shaped patterns in black locust and giant dogwood, respectively. We also discovered large differences in N allocation between the two species. The fraction of leaf N invested in cell walls was much higher in black locust than in giant dogwood, while the opposite was true for the light harvesting N fraction. Furthermore, these fractions were related to DBH to varying degrees: the cell wall N fraction increased with DBH for both species, whereas the light harvesting N fraction of giant dogwood decreased nonlinearly and that of black locust remained constant. Instead, black locust reduced the fraction of leaf N invested in other N pools, resulting in a smaller fraction compared to that of giant dogwood. On the other hand, both species had similar fraction of leaf N invested in ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase across tree size. This study indicated that both species increased leaf mechanical toughness through characteristic changes in N allocation trade-offs over the lifetimes of the trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjee Park
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsik Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhan Park
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HoonTaek Lee
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wookyung Song
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kwon Park
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Kim
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- National Center for Agro Meteorology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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Patterns of local species richness and their associations with functional traits in a 60‐ha tropical forest dynamics plot. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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25
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Crawford M, Jeltsch F, May F, Grimm V, Schlägel UE. Intraspecific trait variation increases species diversity in a trait-based grassland model. OIKOS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.05567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Crawford
- Inst. of Biochemistry and Biology; Univ. Potsdam; Maulbeerallee 2 DE-14469 Potsdam Germany
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Dept of Ecological Modelling; Leipzig Germany
| | - Florian Jeltsch
- Inst. of Biochemistry and Biology; Univ. Potsdam; Maulbeerallee 2 DE-14469 Potsdam Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Inst. of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB); Berlin Germany
| | - Felix May
- Leuphana Univ. Lüneburg; Center for Methods; Lüneburg Germany
| | - Volker Grimm
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Dept of Ecological Modelling; Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Biodiversity Synthesis; Leipzig Germany
| | - Ulrike E. Schlägel
- Inst. of Biochemistry and Biology; Univ. Potsdam; Maulbeerallee 2 DE-14469 Potsdam Germany
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26
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Rhoades OK, Best RJ, Stachowicz JJ. Assessing Feeding Preferences of a Consumer Guild: Partitioning Variation Among versus Within Species. Am Nat 2018; 192:287-300. [PMID: 30125236 DOI: 10.1086/698325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Interspecific variation in resource use is critical to understanding species diversity, coexistence, and ecosystem functioning. A growing body of research describes analogous intraspecific variation and its potential importance for population dynamics and community outcomes. However, the magnitude of intraspecific variation relative to interspecific variation in key dimensions of consumer-resource interactions remains unknown, hampering our understanding of the importance of this variation for population and community processes. In this study, we examine feeding preference through repeated laboratory choice feeding assays of 444 wild-caught individuals of eight invertebrate grazer species on rocky reefs in northern California. Between-species variation accounted for 25%-33% of the total variation in preference for the preferred resource, while between-individual variation accounted for 4%-5% of total variation. For two of the eight species, between-individual variation was significantly different from zero and on average contributed 14% and 17% of the total diet variation, even after accounting for differences due to size and sex. Therefore, even with clearly distinguishable between-species differences in mean preference, diet variation between and within individuals can contribute to the dietary niche width of species and guilds, which may be overlooked by focusing solely on species' mean resource use patterns.
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Uriarte M, Menge D. Variation between individuals fosters regional species coexistence. Ecol Lett 2018; 21:1496-1504. [PMID: 30084129 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although individual-level variation (IV) is ubiquitous in nature, it is not clear how it influences species coexistence. Theory predicts that IV will hinder coexistence but empirical studies have shown that it can facilitate, inhibit, or have a neutral effect. We use a theoretical model to explore the consequences of IV on local and regional species coexistence in the context of spatial environmental structure. Our results show that individual variation can have a positive effect on species coexistence and that this effect will critically depend on the spatial structure of such variation. IV facilitates coexistence when a negative, concave-up relationship between individuals' competitive response and population growth rates propagates to a disproportionate advantage for the inferior competitor, provided that each species specialises in a habitat. While greater variation in the preferred habitat generally fosters coexistence, the opposite is true for non-preferred habitats. Our results reconcile theory with empirical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Duncan Menge
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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28
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Linking intraspecific trait variability and spatial patterns of subtropical trees. Oecologia 2018; 186:793-803. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-4042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Meng H, Wei X, Franklin SB, Wu H, Jiang M. Geographical variation and the role of climate in leaf traits of a relict tree species across its distribution in China. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2017; 19:552-561. [PMID: 28294500 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific trait variation and trait-climate relationships are crucial for understanding a species' response to climate change. However, these phenomena have rarely been studied for tree species. Euptelea pleiospermum is a relict tree species with a wide distribution in China that offers a novel opportunity to examine such relationships. Here, we measured 13 leaf traits of E. pleiospermum in 20 sites across its natural distribution in China. We investigated the extent of trait variation at local and regional scales, and developed geographic and climate models to explain trait variation at the regional scale. We documented intraspecific trait variation among leaf traits of E. pleiospermum at local and regional scales. Five traits exhibited relatively high trait variation: leaf area, leaf density and three leaf economic traits (leaf dry matter content, specific leaf area [SLA] and leaf phosphorus concentration). Significant trait-geography correlations were mediated by local climate. Most leaf trait variation could be explained (from 24% to 64%) by geographic or climate variables, except leaf width, leaf thickness, leaf dry matter content and leaf length-width ratio. Latitude and temperature were the strongest predictors of trait variation throughout the distribution of E. pleiospermum in China, and temperature explained more leaf trait variation than precipitation. In particular, we showed that leaves had longer petiole lengths, higher SLA and lower densities in northern E. pleiospermum populations. We suggest that northern E. pleiospermum populations are adapting to higher latitudinal environments via high growth rate (higher SLA) and low construction investment strategies (lower leaf densities), benefitting northern migration. Overall, we demonstrate that intraspecific trait variation reflects E. pleiospermum response to the local environment. We call for consideration of intraspecific trait variation to examine specific climate response questions. In addition, provenance experiments using widely distributed species are needed to separate trait variation resulting from genetic differentiation and plastic responses to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Meng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X Wei
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - S B Franklin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, USA
| | - H Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - M Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Banerjee AK, Dewanji A. Role of intraspecific trait plasticity in Mikania micrantha Kunth growth and impact of its abundance on community composition. JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIVERSITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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31
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Cloyed CS, Eason PK. Niche partitioning and the role of intraspecific niche variation in structuring a guild of generalist anurans. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170060. [PMID: 28405403 PMCID: PMC5383860 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Intra-population niche differences in generalist foragers have captured the interest of ecologists, because such individuality can have important ecological and evolutionary implications. Few researchers have investigated how these differences affect the relationships among ecologically similar, sympatric species. Using stable isotopes, stomach contents, morphology and habitat preference, we examined niche partitioning within a group of five anurans and determined whether variation within species could facilitate resource partitioning. Species partitioned their niches by trophic level and by foraging habitat. However, there was considerable intraspecific variation in trophic level, with larger individuals generally feeding at higher trophic levels. For species at intermediate trophic levels, smaller individuals overlapped in trophic level with individuals of smaller species and larger individuals overlapped with the smallest individuals from larger species. Species varied in carbon isotopes; species with enriched carbon isotope ratios foraged farther from ponds, whereas species with depleted carbon isotope values foraged closer to ponds. Our study shows that these species partition their niches by feeding at different trophic levels and foraging at different distances from ponds. The intraspecific variation in trophic level decreased the number of individuals from each species that overlapped in trophic level with individuals from other species, which can facilitate species coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl S. Cloyed
- National Great Rivers Research and Education Center, East Alton, IL 62024, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Perri K. Eason
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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Zuo X, Yue X, Lv P, Yu Q, Chen M, Zhang J, Luo Y, Wang S, Zhang J. Contrasting effects of plant inter- and intraspecific variation on community trait responses to restoration of a sandy grassland ecosystem. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1125-1134. [PMID: 28303183 PMCID: PMC5306005 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in plant community traits along an environmental gradient are caused by interspecific and intraspecific trait variation. However, little is known about the role of interspecific and intraspecific trait variation in plant community responses to the restoration of a sandy grassland ecosystem. We measured five functional traits of 34 species along a restoration gradient of sandy grassland (mobile dune, semi-fixed dune, fixed dune, and grassland) in Horqin Sand Land, northern China. We examined how community-level traits varied with habitat changes and soil gradients using both abundance-weighted and non-weighted averages of trait values. We quantified the relative contribution of inter- and intraspecific trait variation in specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf carbon content (LCC), leaf nitrogen content (LNC), and plant height to the community response to habitat changes in the restoration of sandy grassland. We found that five weighted community-average traits varied significantly with habitat changes. Along the soil gradient in the restoration of sandy grassland, plant height, SLA, LDMC, and LCC increased, while LNC decreased. For all traits, there was a greater contribution of interspecific variation to community response in regard to habitat changes relative to that of intraspecific variation. The relative contribution of the interspecific variation effect of an abundance-weighted trait was greater than that of a non-weighted trait with regard to all traits except LDMC. A community-level trait response to habitat changes was due largely to species turnover. Though the intraspecific shift plays a small role in community trait response to habitat changes, it has an effect on plant coexistence and the maintenance of herbaceous plants in sandy grassland habitats. The context dependency of positive and negative covariation between inter- and intraspecific variation further suggests that both effects of inter- and intraspecific variation on a community trait should be considered when understanding a plant community response to environmental changes in sandy grassland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoan Zuo
- Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
- Laboratory of Stress Ecophysiology and Biotechnology (LSEB)NIEER, CASLanzhouChina
| | - Xiyuan Yue
- Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Peng Lv
- Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Qiang Yu
- National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research StationInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Min Chen
- Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Yongqing Luo
- Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Shaokun Wang
- Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
| | - Jing Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhouChina
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Luo Y, Liu J, Tan S, Cadotte MW, Xu K, Gao L, Li D. Trait variation and functional diversity maintenance of understory herbaceous species coexisting along an elevational gradient in Yulong Mountain, Southwest China. PLANT DIVERSITY 2016; 38:303-311. [PMID: 30159482 PMCID: PMC6112257 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Characterizing trait variation across different ecological scales in plant communities has been viewed as a way to gain insights into the mechanisms driving species coexistence. However, little is known about how changes in intraspecific and interspecific traits across sites influence species richness and community assembly, especially in understory herbaceous communities. Here we partitioned the variance of four functional traits (maximum height, leaf thickness, leaf area and specific leaf area) across four nested biological scales: individual, species, plot, and elevation to quantify the scale-dependent distributions of understory herbaceous trait variance. We also integrated the comparison of the trait variance ratios to null models to investigate the effects of different ecological processes on community assembly and functional diversity along a 1200-m elevational gradient in Yulong Mountain. We found interspecific trait variation was the main trait variation component for leaf traits, although intraspecific trait variation ranged from 10% to 28% of total variation. In particular, maximum height exhibited high plasticity, and intraspecific variation accounted for 44% of the total variation. Despite the fact that species composition varied across elevation and species richness decreased dramatically along the elevational gradient, there was little variance at our largest (elevation) scale in leaf traits and functional diversity remained constant along the elevational gradient, indicating that traits responded to smaller scale influences. External filtering was only observed at high elevations. However, strong internal filtering was detected along the entire elevational gradient in understory herbaceous communities, possibly due to competition. Our results provide evidence that species coexistence in understory herbaceous communities might be structured by differential niche-assembled processes. This approach -- integrating different biological scales of trait variation -- may provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the structure of communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahuang Luo
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shaolin Tan
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Marc W. Cadotte
- Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough & Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada
| | - Kun Xu
- Lijiang Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang 674100, China
| | - Lianming Gao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Corresponding author. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China. Fax: +86 0871 68123227.
| | - Dezhu Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Corresponding author. Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China. Fax: +86 0871 65223503.
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34
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Barabás G, D'Andrea R. The effect of intraspecific variation and heritability on community pattern and robustness. Ecol Lett 2016; 19:977-86. [PMID: 27335262 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific trait variation is widespread in nature, yet its effects on community dynamics are not well understood. Here we explore the consequences of intraspecific trait variation for coexistence in two- and multispecies competitive communities. For two species, the likelihood of coexistence is in general reduced by intraspecific variation, except when the species have almost equal trait means but different trait variances, such that one is a generalist and the other a specialist consumer. In multispecies communities, the only strong effect of non-heritable intraspecific variation is to reduce expected species richness. However, when intraspecific variation is heritable, allowing for the possibility of trait evolution, communities are much more resilient against environmental disturbance and exhibit far more predictable trait patterns. Our results are robust to varying model parameters and relaxing model assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Barabás
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rafael D'Andrea
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael D'Andrea
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Univ. of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - Annette Ostling
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Univ. of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Univ. of Copenhagen Denmark
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36
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Kumordzi BB, Gundale MJ, Nilsson MC, Wardle DA. Shifts in Aboveground Biomass Allocation Patterns of Dominant Shrub Species across a Strong Environmental Gradient. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157136. [PMID: 27270445 PMCID: PMC4896472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Most plant biomass allocation studies have focused on allocation to shoots versus roots, and little is known about drivers of allocation for aboveground plant organs. We explored the drivers of within-and between-species variation of aboveground biomass allocation across a strong environmental resource gradient, i.e., a long-term chronosequence of 30 forested islands in northern Sweden across which soil fertility and plant productivity declines while light availability increases. For each of the three coexisting dominant understory dwarf shrub species on each island, we estimated the fraction of the total aboveground biomass produced year of sampling that was allocated to sexual reproduction (i.e., fruits), leaves and stems for each of two growing seasons, to determine how biomass allocation responded to the chronosequence at both the within-species and whole community levels. Against expectations, within-species allocation to fruits was least on less fertile islands, and allocation to leaves at the whole community level was greatest on intermediate islands. Consistent with expectations, different coexisting species showed contrasting allocation patterns, with the species that was best adapted for more fertile conditions allocating the most to vegetative organs, and with its allocation pattern showing the strongest response to the gradient. Our study suggests that co-existing dominant plant species can display highly contrasting biomass allocations to different aboveground organs within and across species in response to limiting environmental resources within the same plant community. Such knowledge is important for understanding how community assembly, trait spectra, and ecological processes driven by the plant community vary across environmental gradients and among contrasting ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bright B. Kumordzi
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
- Université Laval, Département des Sciences du bois et de la forêt, Pavillon Abitibi-Price, 2405 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michael J. Gundale
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marie-Charlotte Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - David A. Wardle
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
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Luo YH, Liu J, Tan SL, Cadotte MW, Wang YH, Xu K, Li DZ, Gao LM. Trait-Based Community Assembly along an Elevational Gradient in Subalpine Forests: Quantifying the Roles of Environmental Factors in Inter- and Intraspecific Variability. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155749. [PMID: 27191402 PMCID: PMC4871540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how communities respond to environmental variation is a central goal in ecology. Plant communities respond to environmental gradients via intraspecific and/or interspecific variation in plant functional traits. However, the relative contribution of these two responses to environmental factors remains poorly tested. We measured six functional traits (height, leaf thickness, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf carbon concentration (LCC), leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) and leaf phosphorus concentration (LPC)) for 55 tree species occurring at five elevations across a 1200 m elevational gradient of subalpine forests in Yulong Mountain, Southwest China. We examined the relative contribution of interspecific and intraspecific traits variability based on community weighted mean trait values and functional diversity, and tested how different components of trait variation respond to different environmental axes (climate and soil variables). Species turnover explained the largest amount of variation in leaf morphological traits (leaf thickness and SLA) across the elevational gradient. However, intraspecific variability explained a large amount of variation (49.3%-76.3%) in three other traits (height, LNC and LPC) despite high levels of species turnover. The detection of limiting similarity in community assembly was improved when accounting for both intraspecific and interspecific variability. Different components of trait variation respond to different environmental axes, especially soil water content and climatic variables. Our results indicate that intraspecific variation is critical for understanding community assembly and evaluating community response to environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Huang Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Shao-Lin Tan
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Marc William Cadotte
- Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough & Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes, College of Ecology and Evolution, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Hua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Lijiang Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Kunming Instituted of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lijiang, China
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species in Southwest China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lian-Ming Gao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Fajardo A, Siefert A. Phenological variation of leaf functional traits within species. Oecologia 2016; 180:951-9. [PMID: 26796408 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A basic assumption of the trait-based approach in plant ecology is that differences in functional trait values are greater between species than within species. We questioned this assumption by assessing (1) the relative extent of inter- and intraspecific leaf trait variation throughout a complete growing season (phenological variation) in a group of deciduous and evergreen woody species, and (2) whether species rankings based on leaf traits were maintained across the growing season. We analysed leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf nutrient concentrations (C, N, P), including the C:N and N:P ratios. Intraspecific trait variation (ITV) due to phenology was significantly greater than interspecific variation for leaf N concentration on a mass basis (Nm; 68.90 %) and for the leaf C:N ratio (60.60 %), whereas interspecific variation was significantly higher than ITV for LMA (62.30 %) and for leaf C concentration on a mass (Cm) and area (Ca) basis (Cm 70.40 %; Ca 65.30 %). ITV was particularly low for LMA (<20 %). Species rankings were highly modified by phenology for a number of leaf traits (Pm, N:P ratio) but were relatively well conserved throughout the growing season for others (LMA, Nm). Patterns of ITV across the growing season differed significantly between deciduous and evergreen species for all traits except leaf P but did not vary between native and exotic species. Overall, our results show that intraspecific phenological variation in leaf traits may be similar to or greater than interspecific variation and that temporal patterns of ITV vary considerably among traits and species, especially for leaf nutrient concentrations, factors which can potentially affect quantitative interspecific relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fajardo
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP) Conicyt-Regional R10C1003, Universidad Austral de Chile, Camino Baguales s/n, 5951601, Coyhaique, Chile.
| | - Andrew Siefert
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Siefert A, Violle C, Chalmandrier L, Albert CH, Taudiere A, Fajardo A, Aarssen LW, Baraloto C, Carlucci MB, Cianciaruso MV, de L Dantas V, de Bello F, Duarte LDS, Fonseca CR, Freschet GT, Gaucherand S, Gross N, Hikosaka K, Jackson B, Jung V, Kamiyama C, Katabuchi M, Kembel SW, Kichenin E, Kraft NJB, Lagerström A, Bagousse-Pinguet YL, Li Y, Mason N, Messier J, Nakashizuka T, Overton JM, Peltzer DA, Pérez-Ramos IM, Pillar VD, Prentice HC, Richardson S, Sasaki T, Schamp BS, Schöb C, Shipley B, Sundqvist M, Sykes MT, Vandewalle M, Wardle DA. A global meta-analysis of the relative extent of intraspecific trait variation in plant communities. Ecol Lett 2015; 18:1406-19. [PMID: 26415616 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that accounting for intraspecific trait variation (ITV) may better address major questions in community ecology. However, a general picture of the relative extent of ITV compared to interspecific trait variation in plant communities is still missing. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relative extent of ITV within and among plant communities worldwide, using a data set encompassing 629 communities (plots) and 36 functional traits. Overall, ITV accounted for 25% of the total trait variation within communities and 32% of the total trait variation among communities on average. The relative extent of ITV tended to be greater for whole-plant (e.g. plant height) vs. organ-level traits and for leaf chemical (e.g. leaf N and P concentration) vs. leaf morphological (e.g. leaf area and thickness) traits. The relative amount of ITV decreased with increasing species richness and spatial extent, but did not vary with plant growth form or climate. These results highlight global patterns in the relative importance of ITV in plant communities, providing practical guidelines for when researchers should include ITV in trait-based community and ecosystem studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Siefert
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Cyrille Violle
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE - 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Loïc Chalmandrier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LECA, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,CNRS, LECA, F-3800, Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile H Albert
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, IMBE, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Adrien Taudiere
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE - 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Alex Fajardo
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP) Conicyt-Regional R10C1003, Universidad Austral de Chile, Camino Baguales s/n, Coyhaique, 5951601, Chile
| | - Lonnie W Aarssen
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- International Center for Tropical Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.,INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, BP 709, 97387, Kourou Cedex, France
| | - Marcos B Carlucci
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, RS, Brazil.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, 70040-020, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marcus V Cianciaruso
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Vinícius de L Dantas
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Campinas, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francesco de Bello
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Leandro D S Duarte
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Fonseca
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59092-350, Brazil
| | - Grégoire T Freschet
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE - 34293, Montpellier, France.,Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, 901 83, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie Gaucherand
- IRSTEA, Unité de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Montagnards, BP 76, 38402, St-Martin d'Hères, cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Gross
- INRA, USC1339 Chizé (CEBC), F-79360, Villiers en Bois, France.,Centre d'étude biologique de Chizé, CNRS - Université La Rochelle (UMR 7372), F-79360, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Benjamin Jackson
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Avenue, Bailrigg, LA14AP, Lancaster, UK
| | - Vincent Jung
- CNRS UMR 6553, ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, 35042, France
| | - Chiho Kamiyama
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, United Nations University, 5-53-70 Jingumae, Shibuya, 150-8925, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Katabuchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118525, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Steven W Kembel
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C3P8, Canada
| | - Emilie Kichenin
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, 901 83, Sweden
| | - Nathan J B Kraft
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Anna Lagerström
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, 901 83, Sweden
| | - Yoann Le Bagousse-Pinguet
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Yuanzhi Li
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Norman Mason
- Landcare Research, Private Bag 3127, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Julie Messier
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Tohru Nakashizuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | | | | | - I M Pérez-Ramos
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, 41080, Spain
| | - Valério D Pillar
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91501-970, RS, Brazil.,Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Honor C Prentice
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Takehiro Sasaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8563, Japan
| | - Brandon S Schamp
- Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2G4, Canada
| | - Christian Schöb
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bill Shipley
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Maja Sundqvist
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, The Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Martin T Sykes
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Vandewalle
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - David A Wardle
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, 901 83, Sweden
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de la Riva EG, Pérez-Ramos IM, Tosto A, Navarro-Fernández CM, Olmo M, Marañón T, Villar R. Disentangling the relative importance of species occurrence, abundance and intraspecific variability in community assembly: a trait-based approach at the whole-plant level in Mediterranean forests. OIKOS 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio M. Pérez-Ramos
- Inst. de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, IRNAS, CSIC; ES-41012 Seville Spain
| | - Ambra Tosto
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. de Córdoba; ES-14071 Córdoba Spain
| | | | - Manuel Olmo
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. de Córdoba; ES-14071 Córdoba Spain
| | - Teodoro Marañón
- Inst. de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, IRNAS, CSIC; ES-41012 Seville Spain
| | - Rafael Villar
- Área de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Univ. de Córdoba; ES-14071 Córdoba Spain
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41
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Plant trait expression responds to establishment timing. Oecologia 2015; 178:525-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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42
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Andrade BO, Overbeck GE, Pilger GE, Hermann JM, Conradi T, Boldrini II, Kollmann J. Intraspecific trait variation and allocation strategies of calcareous grassland species: Results from a restoration experiment. Basic Appl Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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43
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Mitchell RM, Bakker JD. Intraspecific trait variation driven by plasticity and ontogeny in Hypochaeris radicata. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109870. [PMID: 25333738 PMCID: PMC4204820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of intraspecific variation in plant functional traits for structuring communities and driving ecosystem processes is increasingly recognized, but mechanisms governing this variation are less studied. Variation could be due to adaptation to local conditions, plasticity in observed traits, or ontogeny. We investigated 1) whether abiotic stress caused individuals, maternal lines, and populations to exhibit trait convergence, 2) whether trait variation was primarily due to ecotypic differences or trait plasticity, and 3) whether traits varied with ontogeny. We sampled three populations of Hypochaeris radicata that differed significantly in rosette diameter and specific leaf area (SLA). We grew nine maternal lines from each population (27 lines total) under three greenhouse conditions: ambient conditions (control), 50% drought, or 80% shade. Plant diameter and relative chlorophyll content were measured throughout the experiment, and leaf shape, root:shoot ratio, and SLA were measured after five weeks. We used hierarchical mixed-models and variance component analysis to quantify differences in treatment effects and the contributions of population of origin and maternal line to observed variation. Observed variation in plant traits was driven primarily by plasticity. Shade significantly influenced all measured traits. Plant diameter was the only trait that had a sizable proportion of trait variation (30%) explained by population of origin. There were significant ontogenetic differences for both plant diameter and relative chlorophyll content. When subjected to abiotic stress in the form of light or water limitation, Hypochaeris radicata exhibited significant trait variability. This variation was due primarily to trait plasticity, rather than to adaptation to local conditions, and also differed with ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Mitchell
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, Maryland, United States of America
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44
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Otárola MF, Avalos G. Demographic variation across successional stages and their effects on the population dynamics of the neotropical palm Euterpe precatoria. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2014; 101:1023-1028. [PMID: 24907255 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
• Premise of the study: Environmental heterogeneity is a strong selective force shaping adaptation and population dynamics across temporal and spatial scales. Natural and anthropogenic gradients influence the variation of environmental and biotic factors, which determine population demography and dynamics. Successional gradients are expected to influence demographic parameters, but the relationship between these gradients and the species life history, habitat requirements, and degree of variation in demographic traits remains elusive.• Methods: We used the palm Euterpe precatoria to test the effect of successional stage on plant demography within a continuous population. We calculated demographic parameters for size stages and performed matrix analyses to investigate the demographic variation within primary and secondary forests of La Selva, Costa Rica.• Key results: We observed differences in mortality and recruitment of small juveniles between primary and secondary forests. Matrix models described satisfactorily the chronosequence of population changes, which were characterized by high population growth rate in disturbed areas, and decreased growth rate in old successional forests until reaching stability.• Conclusions: Different demographic parameters can be expressed in contiguous subpopulations along a gradient of successional stages with important consequences for population dynamics. Demographic variation superimposed on these gradients contributes to generate subpopulations with different demographic composition, density, and ecological properties. Therefore, the effects of spatial variation must be reconsidered in the design of demographic analyses of tropical palms, which are prime examples of subtle local adaptation. These considerations are crucial in the implementation of management plans for palm species within spatially complex and heterogeneous tropical landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Fernández Otárola
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), San Pedro de Montes de Oca 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Gerardo Avalos
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), San Pedro de Montes de Oca 11501-2060, San José, Costa Rica The School for Field Studies, Center for Sustainable Development Studies, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 534-G, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915 USA
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45
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Lasky JR, Yang J, Zhang G, Cao M, Tang Y, Keitt TH. The role of functional traits and individual variation in the co-occurrence ofFicusspecies. Ecology 2014; 95:978-90. [DOI: 10.1890/13-0437.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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46
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Kumordzi BB, Nilsson MC, Gundale MJ, Wardle DA. Changes in local-scale intraspecific trait variability of dominant species across contrasting island ecosystems. Ecosphere 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00339.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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47
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Vadigi S, Ward D. Shade, nutrients, and grass competition are important for tree sapling establishment in a humid savanna. Ecosphere 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00239.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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48
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Sampaio ALA, Pagotto JPA, Goulart E. Relationships between morphology, diet and spatial distribution: testing the effects of intra and interspecific morphological variations on the patterns of resource use in two Neotropical Cichlids. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252013005000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Considering th e morphology, diet and spatial distribution of Satanoperca pappaterraand Crenicichla britskii (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in the Upper Paraná River floodplain (Brazil), the following questions were investigated: (1) Could the body shape predict the use of trophic resources and habitat by C. britskiiand S. pappaterra? (2) Could the relationship between morphology and use of trophic resources and habitat be also extended to the intraspecific scale? (3) What are the most important morphological traits used to predict the variation on diet and habitat occupation within and between species? We hypothesized that intra and interspecific differences in morphological patterns imply in different forms of resource exploitation and that the ecomorphological analysis enables the identification of trophic and spatial niche segregation. Fish samplings were performed in different types of habitats (rivers, secondary channels, connected and disconnected lagoons) in the Upper Paraná River floodplain. Analyses of the stomach content was conducted to characterize the feeding patterns and twenty-two ecomorphological indices were calculated from linear morphological measurements and areas. A principal component analysis (PCA) run with these indices evidenced the formation of two significant axes, revealing in the axis 1 an ecomorphological ordination according to the type of habitat, regardless the species. The individuals of both species exploiting lotic habitats tended to have morphological traits that enable rapid progressive and retrograde movements, braking and continuous swimming, whereas individuals found in lentic and semi-lotic habitats presented morphology adapted to a greater maneuverability and stabilization in deflections. On the other hand the axis 2 evidenced a segregation related to the feeding ecology, between S. pappaterra and C. britskii. The relationship between morphology and use of spatial and feeding resource was corroborated by the Mantel test performed at inter and intraspecific levels. Therefore the hypothesis was accepted suggesting that analyses incorporating both intraspecific and interspecific morphological variations can contribute to a greater understanding about the ecological structure of fish assemblages by providing evidences on the niche characteristics of each species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erivelto Goulart
- Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), Brazil
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49
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Fu H, Yuan G, Zhong J, Cao T, Ni L, Xie P. Environmental and ontogenetic effects on intraspecific trait variation of a macrophyte species across five ecological scales. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62794. [PMID: 23626856 PMCID: PMC3633840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although functional trait variability is increasingly used in community ecology, the scale- and size-dependent aspects of trait variation are usually disregarded. Here we quantified the spatial structure of shoot height, branch length, root/shoot ratio and leaf number in a macrophyte species Potamogeton maackianus, and then disentangled the environmental and ontogenetic effects on these traits. Using a hierarchical nested design, we measured the four traits from 681 individuals across five ecological scales: lake, transect, depth stratus, quadrat and individual. A notable high trait variation (coefficient variation: 48–112%) was observed within species. These traits differed in the spatial structure, depending on environmental factors of different scales. Shoot height and branch length were most responsive to lake, transect and depth stratus scales, while root/shoot ratio and leaf number to quadrat and individual scales. The trait variations caused by environment are nearly three times higher than that caused by ontogeny, with ontogenetic variance ranging from 21% (leaf number) to 33% (branch length) of total variance. Remarkably, these traits showed non-negligible ontogenetic variation (0–60%) in each ecological scale, and significant shifts in allometric trajectories at lake and depth stratus scales. Our results highlight that environmental filtering processes can sort individuals within species with traits values adaptive to environmental changes and ontogenetic variation of functional traits was non-negligible across the five ecological scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fu
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Guixiang Yuan
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayou Zhong
- Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Te Cao
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Leyi Ni
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ping Xie
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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