1
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Gonzalez AD, Pearse IS, Redmond MD. Increased aridity is associated with stronger tradeoffs in ponderosa pine vital functions. Ecology 2023; 104:e4120. [PMID: 37303252 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Trees must allocate resources to core functions like growth, defense, and reproduction. These allocation patterns have profound effects on forest health, yet little is known about how core functions trade off over time, and even less is known about how a changing climate will impact tradeoffs. We conducted a 21-year survey of growth, defense, and reproduction in 80 ponderosa pine individuals spanning eight populations across environmental gradients along the Colorado Front Range, USA. We used linear mixed models to describe tradeoffs among these functions and to characterize variability among and within individuals over time. Growth and defense were lower in years of high cone production, and local drought conditions amplified year-to-year tradeoffs between reproduction and growth, where trees located at sites with hotter and drier climates showed stronger tradeoffs between reproduction and growth. Our results support the environmental stress hypothesis of masting, which predicts that greater interannual variation in tree functions will be associated with more marginal environments, such as those that are prone to drought. With warming temperatures and increased exposure to drought stress, trees will be faced with stronger interannual tradeoffs, which could lead to further decreases in growth and defensive efforts, ultimately increasing risks of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela D Gonzalez
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Ian S Pearse
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Miranda D Redmond
- Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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2
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Le Roncé I, Gavinet J, Ourcival JM, Mouillot F, Chuine I, Limousin JM. Holm oak fecundity does not acclimate to a drier world. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:631-645. [PMID: 33891307 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change might impact tree fecundity by altering the relative influences of meteorological and physiological drivers, and by modifying resource investment in reproduction. Using a 13-yr monitoring of Quercus ilex reproduction in a rainfall exclusion experiment, we analysed the interactive effects of long-term increased aridity and other environmental drivers on the inter-annual variation of fecundity (male flower biomass, number of initiated and mature fruits). Summer-autumn water stress was the main driver of fruit abortion during fruit growth. Rainfall exclusion treatment strongly reduced the number of initiated and mature fruits, even in masting years, and did not increase fruit tolerance to severe drought. Conversely, the relative contribution of the meteorological and physiological drivers, and the inter-annual variability of fruit production were not modified by rainfall exclusion. Rather than inducing an acclimation of tree fecundity to water limitation, increased aridity impacted it negatively through both lower fruit initiation due to changes in resource allocation, and more severe water and resource limitations during fruit growth. Long-term increased aridity affected tree reproduction beyond what is expected from the current response to inter-annual drought variations, suggesting that natural regeneration of holm oak forest could be jeopardised in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Le Roncé
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Jordane Gavinet
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ourcival
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Florent Mouillot
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Isabelle Chuine
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
| | - Jean-Marc Limousin
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, 1919 route de Mende, Montpellier Cedex 5, 34293, France
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3
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Le Roncé I, Toïgo M, Dardevet E, Venner S, Limousin JM, Chuine I. Resource manipulation through experimental defoliation has legacy effects on allocation to reproductive and vegetative organs in Quercus ilex. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:1165-1179. [PMID: 32686832 PMCID: PMC7684701 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In plants, high costs of reproduction during some years can induce trade-offs in resource allocation with other functions such as growth, survival and resistance against herbivores or extreme abiotic conditions, but also with subsequent reproduction. Such trade-offs might also occur following resource shortage at particular moments of the reproductive cycle. Because plants are modular organisms, strategies for resource allocation to reproduction can also vary among hierarchical levels. Using a defoliation experiment, our aim was to test how allocation to reproduction was impacted by resource limitation. METHODS We applied three levels of defoliation (control, moderate and intense) to branches of eight Quercus ilex trees shortly after fruit initiation and measured the effects of resource limitation induced by leaf removal on fruit development (survival, growth and germination potential) and on the production of vegetative and reproductive organs the year following defoliation. KEY RESULTS We found that defoliation had little impact on fruit development. Fruit survival was not affected by the intense defoliation treatment, but was reduced by moderate defoliation, and this result could not be explained by an upregulation of photosynthesis. Mature fruit mass was not affected by defoliation, nor was seed germination success. However, in the following spring defoliated branches produced fewer shoots and compensated for leaf loss by overproducing leaves at the expense of flowers. Therefore, resource shortage decreased resource allocation to reproduction the following season but did not affect sex ratio. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the idea of a regulation of resource allocation to reproduction beyond the shoot scale. Defoliation had larger legacy effects than immediate effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Le Roncé
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Maude Toïgo
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Elia Dardevet
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Samuel Venner
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Marc Limousin
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Chuine
- CEFE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
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4
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Pearse IS, LaMontagne JM, Lordon M, Hipp AL, Koenig WD. Biogeography and phylogeny of masting: do global patterns fit functional hypotheses? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1557-1567. [PMID: 32315447 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Interannual variability of seed crops (CVp) has profound consequences for plant populations and food webs, where high CVp is termed 'masting'. Here we ask: is global variation in CVp better predicted by plant or habitat differences consistent with adaptive economies of scale, in which flower and seed benefits increase disproportionately during mast years; or by passive mechanisms, in which seed production responds to variation in resource availability associated with climate variability? To address this question, we compiled a dataset for phylogenetic comparative analysis of long-term fruit/seed production for plants comprising 920 time series spanning 311 plant species. Factors associated with both adaptive benefits of CVp (wind pollination and seed dispersal) and climatic variability (variability of summer precipitation) were among the best predictors of global variation in CVp. We observed a hump-shaped relationship between CVp and latitude and intermediate phylogenetic and geographic signals in CVp. CVp is patterned nonrandomly across the globe and over the plant tree of life, where high CVp is associated with species benefiting from economies of scale of seed or flower production and with species that experience variable rainfall over summer months when seeds usually mature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Pearse
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Ave #C, Ft Collins, CO, 80526, USA
| | - Jalene M LaMontagne
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA
| | - Michael Lordon
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA
| | | | - Walter D Koenig
- Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Hastings Reservation, University of California Berkeley, Carmel Valley, CA, 93924, USA
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5
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Avanzi C, Heer K, Büntgen U, Labriola M, Leonardi S, Opgenoorth L, Piermattei A, Urbinati C, Vendramin GG, Piotti A. Individual reproductive success in Norway spruce natural populations depends on growth rate, age and sensitivity to temperature. Heredity (Edinb) 2020; 124:685-698. [PMID: 32203247 PMCID: PMC7239854 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-020-0305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the individual reproductive success and understanding its determinants is a central issue in evolutionary research for the major consequences that the transmission of genetic variation from parents to offspring has on the adaptive potential of populations. Here, we propose to distil the myriad of information embedded in tree-ring time series into a set of tree-ring-based phenotypic traits to be investigated as potential drivers of reproductive success in forest trees. By using a cross-disciplinary approach that combines parentage analysis and a thorough dendrophenotypic characterisation of putative parents, we assessed sex-specific relationships between such dendrophenotypic traits (i.e., age, growth rate and parameters describing sensitivity to climate and to extreme climatic events) and reproductive success in Norway spruce. We applied a full probability method for reconstructing parent-offspring relationships between 604 seedlings and 518 adult trees sampled within five populations from southern and central Europe. We found that individual female and male reproductive success was positively associated with tree growth rate and age. Female reproductive success was also positively influenced by the correlation between growth and the mean temperature of the previous vegetative season. Overall, our results showed that Norway spruce individuals with the highest fitness are those who are able to keep high-growth rates despite potential growth limitations caused by reproductive costs and climatic limiting conditions. Identifying such functional links between the individual ecophysiological behaviour and its evolutionary gain would increase our understanding on how natural selection shapes the genetic composition of forest tree populations over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Avanzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Katrin Heer
- Conservation Biology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, CB2 3EN, Cambridge, UK
- Swiss Federal Research Institute, WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Czech Globe, Global Change Research Institute CAS and Masaryk University, Kotlárská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mariaceleste Labriola
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Stefano Leonardi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Lars Opgenoorth
- Swiss Federal Research Institute, WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Ecology, University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 8, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alma Piermattei
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, CB2 3EN, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlo Urbinati
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giuseppe Vendramin
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Andrea Piotti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
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6
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Barringer BC, Koenig WD, Pearse IS, Knops JMH. Population ecology and spatial synchrony in the abundance of leaf gall wasps within and among populations of valley oak (
Quercus lobata
). POPUL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/1438-390x.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Walter D. Koenig
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology and Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Cornell University Ithaca New York
| | - Ian S. Pearse
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center Fort Collins Colorado
| | - Johannes M. H. Knops
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University Suzhou China
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7
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Bogdziewicz M, Ascoli D, Hacket‐Pain A, Koenig WD, Pearse I, Pesendorfer M, Satake A, Thomas P, Vacchiano G, Wohlgemuth T, Tanentzap A. From theory to experiments for testing the proximate mechanisms of mast seeding: an agenda for an experimental ecology. Ecol Lett 2020; 23:210-220. [PMID: 31858712 PMCID: PMC6973031 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Highly variable and synchronised production of seeds by plant populations, known as masting, is implicated in many important ecological processes, but how it arises remains poorly understood. The lack of experimental studies prevents underlying mechanisms from being explicitly tested, and thereby precludes meaningful predictions on the consequences of changing environments for plant reproductive patterns and global vegetation dynamics. Here we review the most relevant proximate drivers of masting and outline a research agenda that takes the biology of masting from a largely observational field of ecology to one rooted in mechanistic understanding. We divide the experimental framework into three main processes: resource dynamics, pollen limitation and genetic and hormonal regulation, and illustrate how specific predictions about proximate mechanisms can be tested, highlighting the few successful experiments as examples. We envision that the experiments we outline will deliver new insights into how and why masting patterns might respond to a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bogdziewicz
- Department of Systematic ZoologyFaculty of BiologyAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznańUmutlowska 8961‐614PoznańPoland
| | - Davide Ascoli
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food SciencesUniversity of Turin10095 GrugliascoTorinoItaly
| | - Andrew Hacket‐Pain
- Department of Geography and PlanningSchool of Environmental SciencesUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | | | - Ian Pearse
- Fort Collins Science Center U.S. Geological SurveyFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Mario Pesendorfer
- Lab of OrnithologyCornell UniversityIthacaNY14850USA
- Institute of Forest EcologyDepartment of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Akiko Satake
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceKyushu University819‐0395FukuokaJapan
| | - Peter Thomas
- School of Life SciencesKeele UniversityStaffordshireST5 5BGUK
| | | | - Thomas Wohlgemuth
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSLForest Dynamics, Zürcherstrasse 111CH‐8903BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Andrew Tanentzap
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeDowning StCambridgeCB2 3EAUK
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8
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Schermer É, Bel-Venner MC, Gaillard JM, Dray S, Boulanger V, Le Roncé I, Oliver G, Chuine I, Delzon S, Venner S. Flower phenology as a disruptor of the fruiting dynamics in temperate oak species. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1181-1192. [PMID: 31569273 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many perennial plants display masting, that is, fruiting with strong interannual variations, irregular and synchronized between trees within the population. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the early flower phenology in temperate oak species promotes stochasticity into their fruiting dynamics, which could play a major role in tree reproductive success. From a large field monitoring network, we compared the pollen phenology between temperate and Mediterranean oak species. Then, focusing on temperate oak species, we explored the influence of the weather around the time of budburst and flowering on seed production, and simulated with a mechanistic model the consequences that an evolutionary shifting of flower phenology would have on fruiting dynamics. Temperate oak species release pollen earlier in the season than do Mediterranean oak species. Such early flowering in temperate oak species results in pollen often being released during unfavorable weather conditions and frequently results in reproductive failure. If pollen release were delayed as a result of natural selection, fruiting dynamics would exhibit much reduced stochastic variation. We propose that early flower phenology might be adaptive by making mast-seeding years rare and unpredictable, which would greatly help in controlling the dynamics of seed consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éliane Schermer
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marie-Claude Bel-Venner
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jean-Michel Gaillard
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphane Dray
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Boulanger
- Département recherche, développement et innovation, Office National des Forêts, F-77300, Fontainebleau, France
| | - Iris Le Roncé
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, UMR 5175, CNRS, F-34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Oliver
- Réseau National de Surveillance Aérobiologique, F-69690, Brussieu, France
| | - Isabelle Chuine
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive, UMR 5175, CNRS, F-34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- UMR 1202, BIOGECO, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-33612, Cestas, France
- UMR 1202, Biodiversité, des gènes aux communautés, Université de Bordeaux, F-33615, Pessac, France
| | - Samuel Venner
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Évolutive, UMR 5558, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
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9
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Davis FW, Tyler CM, Mahall BE. Demography of evergreen and deciduous oaks in a mixed oak savanna: insights from a long‐term experiment. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Frank W. Davis
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Claudia M. Tyler
- Earth Research Institute University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
| | - Bruce E. Mahall
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara California 93106 USA
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10
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Moreira X, Abdala-Roberts L, Pérez-Ramos IM, Knops JMH, Pesendorfer MB, Koenig WD, Mooney KA. Weather cues associated with masting behavior dampen the negative autocorrelation between past and current reproduction in oaks. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:51-60. [PMID: 30633821 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The influence of weather conditions on masting and the ecological advantages of this reproductive behavior have been the subject of much interest. Weather conditions act as cues influencing reproduction of individual plants, and similar responses expressed across many individuals lead to population-level synchrony in reproductive output. In turn, synchrony leads to benefits from economies of scale such as enhanced pollination success and seed predator satiation. However, there may also be individual-level benefits from reproductive responses to weather cues, which may explain the origin of masting in the absence of economies of scale. In a previous study, we found support for a mechanism whereby individual responses to weather cues attenuate the negative autocorrelation between past and current annual seed production-a pattern typically attributed to resource limitation and reproductive tradeoffs among years. METHODS Here we provide a follow-up and more robust evaluation of this hypothesis in 12 species of oaks (Quercus spp.), testing for a negative autocorrelation (tradeoff) between past and current reproduction and whether responses to weather cues associated with masting reduce the strength of this negative autocorrelation. KEY RESULTS Our results showed a strong negative autocorrelation for 11 of the species, and that species-specific reproductive responses to weather cues dampened this negative autocorrelation in 10 of them. CONCLUSIONS This dampening effect presumably reflects a reduction in resource limitation or increased resource use associated with weather conditions, and suggests that responses to weather cues conferring these advantages should be selected for based on individual benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xoaquín Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apdo. 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimna, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ignacio M Pérez-Ramos
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), P.O. Box 1052, 41080, Sevilla, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Mario B Pesendorfer
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, New York, 14850, USA
| | - Walter D Koenig
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, New York, 14850, USA
| | - Kailen A Mooney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA, 92697
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11
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Schermer É, Bel‐Venner M, Fouchet D, Siberchicot A, Boulanger V, Caignard T, Thibaudon M, Oliver G, Nicolas M, Gaillard J, Delzon S, Venner S. Pollen limitation as a main driver of fruiting dynamics in oak populations. Ecol Lett 2018; 22:98-107. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Éliane Schermer
- Université de Lyon Université Lyon 1 CNRS Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558 F‐69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Marie‐Claude Bel‐Venner
- Université de Lyon Université Lyon 1 CNRS Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558 F‐69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - David Fouchet
- Université de Lyon Université Lyon 1 CNRS Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558 F‐69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Aurélie Siberchicot
- Université de Lyon Université Lyon 1 CNRS Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558 F‐69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Vincent Boulanger
- Département recherche, développement et innovation Office National des Forêts F‐77300 Fontainebleau France
| | - Thomas Caignard
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique UMR 1202 BIOGECO F‐33612 Cestas France
- Université de Bordeaux UMR 1202 Biodiversité, des gènes aux communautés F‐33615 Pessac France
| | - Michel Thibaudon
- Réseau National de Surveillance Aérobiologique F‐69690 Brussieu France
| | - Gilles Oliver
- Réseau National de Surveillance Aérobiologique F‐69690 Brussieu France
| | - Manuel Nicolas
- Département recherche, développement et innovation Office National des Forêts F‐77300 Fontainebleau France
| | - Jean‐Michel Gaillard
- Université de Lyon Université Lyon 1 CNRS Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558 F‐69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique UMR 1202 BIOGECO F‐33612 Cestas France
- Université de Bordeaux UMR 1202 Biodiversité, des gènes aux communautés F‐33615 Pessac France
| | - Samuel Venner
- Université de Lyon Université Lyon 1 CNRS Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558 F‐69622 Villeurbanne France
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12
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Pearse IS, LaMontagne JM, Koenig WD. Inter-annual variation in seed production has increased over time (1900-2014). Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.1666. [PMID: 29212721 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast seeding, or masting, is the highly variable and spatially synchronous production of seeds by a population of plants. The production of variable seed crops is typically correlated with weather, so it is of considerable interest whether global climate change has altered the variability of masting or the size of masting events. We compiled 1086 datasets of plant seed production spanning 1900-2014 and from around the world, and then analysed whether the coefficient of variation (CV) in seed set, a measure of masting, increased over time. Over this 115-year period, seed set became more variable for plants as a whole and for the particularly well-studied taxa of conifers and oaks. The increase in CV corresponded with a decrease in the long-term mean of seed set of plant species. Seed set CV increased to a greater degree in plant taxa with a tendency towards masting. Seed set is becoming more variable among years, especially for plant taxa whose masting events are known to affect animal populations. Such subtle change in reproduction can have wide-ranging effects on ecosystems because seed crops provide critical resources for a wide range of taxa and have cascading effects throughout food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Pearse
- Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 S. Oak St., Champaign, IL 61820, USA .,US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Center Ave Bldg C, Ft Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Jalene M LaMontagne
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
| | - Walter D Koenig
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.,Hastings Reservation, University of California Berkeley, Carmel Valley, CA 93924, USA
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Koenig WD, Knops JMH, Pesendorfer MB, Zaya DN, Ashley MV. Drivers of synchrony of acorn production in the valley oak (Quercus lobata) at two spatial scales. Ecology 2017; 98:3056-3062. [PMID: 28881003 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We investigated spatial synchrony of acorn production by valley oaks (Quercus lobata) among individual trees at the within-population, local level and at the among-population, statewide level spanning the geographic range of the species. At the local level, the main drivers of spatial synchrony were water availability and flowering phenology of individual trees, while proximity, temperature differences between trees, and genetic similarity failed to explain a significant proportion of variance in spatial synchrony. At the statewide level, annual rainfall was the primary driver, while proximity was significant by itself but not when controlling for rainfall; genetic similarity was again not significant. These results support the hypothesis that environmental factors, the Moran effect, are key drivers of spatial synchrony in acorn production at both small and large geographic scales. The specific environmental factors differed depending on the geographic scale, but were in both cases related to water availability. In addition, flowering phenology, potentially affecting either density-independent pollination failure (the pollination Moran effect) or density-dependent pollination efficiency (pollen coupling), plays a key role in driving spatial synchrony at the local geographic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter D Koenig
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, New York, 14850, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Johannes M H Knops
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, 211A Manter Hall, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68588, USA
| | - Mario B Pesendorfer
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, New York, 14850, USA
| | - David N Zaya
- Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 S. Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA
| | - Mary V Ashley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60607, USA
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Kabeya D, Inagaki Y, Noguchi K, Han Q. Growth rate reduction causes a decline in the annual incremental trunk growth in masting Fagus crenata trees. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:1444-1452. [PMID: 28985431 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Tree trunk annual increments are markedly reduced in mast years. There are two hypotheses that could explain the mechanism for this phenomenon: (1) a reduction in the duration of growth due to switching the resource allocation from somatic growth to seed production; (2) reduction of growth rate due to resources being shared between somatic growth and reproduction simultaneously. In this study, we aimed to test these hypotheses in Fagus crenata Blume from the point of view of resource allocation. The radial growth patterns in F. crenata during a year without reproduction (2014) and a masting year (2015) were monitored using a digital dendrometer. At the same time, shoot growth patterns were monitored by sampling branches from the top of the canopy. Data obtained using the digital dendrometer were fitted to a sigmoidal function, and the parameters of the function were evaluated with a hierarchal Bayesian approach; estimated parameters were used to represent the properties of trunk growth phenology. Trunk growth started synchronously just after leaf unfurling in both mass-fruiting (F15) and limited-fruiting (NF15) trees in 2014 and 2015. Reproduction reduced the growth rate in 2015. This was due to the resources being allocated for the development of cupules and for formation of relatively thick branches, both of which occurred simultaneously with trunk growth. There was no clear difference in the duration of radial growth between F15 and NF15 trees in the 2 years, although seed maturation started after trunk growth ceased. As a result, the annual trunk radius increment was reduced in the F15 trees in 2015. These results suggested that reduction of radial growth rate (Hypothesis 2) caused the reduction in annual trunk increment of reproducing trees of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kabeya
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Inagaki
- Department of Forest Soils, FFPRI, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
- Shikoku Research Center, FFPRI, 2-915 Asakuranishi, Kochi 780-8077, Japan
| | - Kyotaro Noguchi
- Department of Forest Soils, FFPRI, 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
| | - Qingmin Han
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), 1 Matsunosato, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8687, Japan
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Pearse IS, Koenig WD, Kelly D. Mechanisms of mast seeding: resources, weather, cues, and selection. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:546-562. [PMID: 27477130 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
546 I. 546 II. 547 III. 548 IV. 552 V. 554 VI. 556 VII. 558 VIII. 558 IX. 559 559 References 559 SUMMARY: Mast seeding is a widespread and widely studied phenomenon. However, the physiological mechanisms that mediate masting events and link them to weather and plant resources are still debated. Here, we explore how masting is affected by plant resource budgets, fruit maturation success, and hormonal coordination of cues including weather and resources. There is little empirical support for the commonly stated hypothesis that plants store carbohydrates over several years to expend in a high-seed year. Plants can switch carbohydrates away from growth in high-seed years, and seed crops are more probably limited by nitrogen or phosphorus. Resources are clearly involved in the proximate mechanisms driving masting, but resource budget (RB) models cannot create masting in the absence of selection because some underlying selective benefit is required to set the level of a 'full' seed crop at greater than the annual resource increment. Economies of scale (EOSs) provide the ultimate factor selecting for masting, but EOSs probably always interact with resources, which modify the relationship between weather cues and reproduction. Thus, RB and EOS models are not alternative explanations for masting - both are required. Experiments manipulating processes that affect mast seeding will help clarify the physiological mechanisms that underlie mast seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Pearse
- The Illinois Natural History Survey, 1816 S. Oak St, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
| | - Walter D Koenig
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Dave Kelly
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
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Davi H, Cailleret M, Restoux G, Amm A, Pichot C, Fady B. Disentangling the factors driving tree reproduction. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Davi
- Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, UR 629 INRA, URFM Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc F‐84914 Avignon, Cedex 9 France
| | - Maxime Cailleret
- Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Sciences ETH Zurich ETH‐Zentrum, CHN G77, Universitätstrasse 16 CH‐8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Gwendal Restoux
- AgroParisTech 16 rue Claude Bernard F‐75231 Paris 05 France
- INRA, UMR GABI F‐78350 Jouy‐en‐Josas France
| | | | - Christian Pichot
- Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, UR 629 INRA, URFM Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc F‐84914 Avignon, Cedex 9 France
| | - Bruno Fady
- Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes, UR 629 INRA, URFM Domaine Saint Paul, Site Agroparc F‐84914 Avignon, Cedex 9 France
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Berdanier AB, Clark JS. Divergent reproductive allocation trade‐offs with canopy exposure across tree species in temperate forests. Ecosphere 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B. Berdanier
- University Program in Ecology Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
| | - James S. Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
- Department of Statistical Science Duke University Durham North Carolina 27708 USA
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Hacket-Pain AJ, Friend AD, Lageard JGA, Thomas PA. The influence of masting phenomenon on growth-climate relationships in trees: explaining the influence of previous summers' climate on ring width. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 35:319-330. [PMID: 25721369 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tree growth is frequently linked to weather conditions prior to the growing season but our understanding of these lagged climate signatures is still poorly developed. We investigated the influence of masting behaviour on the relationship between growth and climate in European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) using a rare long-term dataset of seed production and a new regional tree ring chronology. Fagus sylvatica is a masting species with synchronous variations in seed production which are strongly linked to the temperature in the previous two summers. We noted that the weather conditions associated with years of heavy seed production (mast years) were the same as commonly reported correlations between growth and climate for this species. We tested the hypothesis that a trade-off between growth and reproduction in mast years could be responsible for the observed lagged correlations between growth and previous summers' temperatures. We developed statistical models of growth based on monthly climate variables, and show that summer drought (negative correlation), temperature of the previous summer (negative) and temperature of the summer 2 years previous (positive) are significant predictors of growth. Replacing previous summers' temperature in the model with annual seed production resulted in a model with the same predictive power, explaining the same variance in growth. Masting is a common behaviour in many tree species and these findings therefore have important implications for the interpretation of general climate-growth relationships. Lagged correlations can be the result of processes occurring in the year of growth (that are determined by conditions in previous years), obviating or reducing the need for 'carry-over' processes such as carbohydrate depletion to be invoked to explain this climate signature in tree rings. Masting occurs in many tree species and these findings therefore have important implications for the interpretation of general climate-growth relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew D Friend
- Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EN, UK
| | - Jonathan G A Lageard
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Peter A Thomas
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK
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Pearse IS, Funk KA, Kraft TS, Koenig WD. Lagged effects of early-season herbivores on valley oak fecundity. Oecologia 2015; 178:361-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3193-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Koenig WD, Knops JMH. Environmental correlates of acorn production by four species of Minnesota oaks. POPUL ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-013-0408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walter D. Koenig
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology and Department of Neurobiology and BehaviorCornell University14850IthacaNYUSA
| | - Johannes M. H. Knops
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Nebraska348 Manter Hall68588LincolnNEUSA
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Pearse IS, Koenig WD, Knops JMH. Cues versus proximate drivers: testing the mechanism behind masting behavior. OIKOS 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00608.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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