1
|
Xiong Y, Oduor AMO, Zhao C. Population genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity of Ambrosia artemisiifolia under different nitrogen levels. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 34:e2903. [PMID: 37347236 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Rapid adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity are two mechanisms that often underlie invasiveness of alien plant species, but whether they can co-occur within invasive plant populations under altered environmental conditions such as nitrogen (N) enrichment has seldom been explored. Latitudinal clines in plant trait responses to variation in environmental factors may provide evidence of local adaptation. Here, we inferred the relative contributions of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation to the performance of the invasive plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia under different soil N levels, using a common garden approach. We grew A. artemisiifolia individuals raised from seeds that were sampled from six invasive populations along a wide latitudinal cline in China (23°42' N to 45°43' N) under three N (0, 5, and 10 g N m-2 ) levels in a common garden. Results show significant interpopulation genetic differentiation in plant height, number of branches, total biomass, and transpiration rate of the invader A. artemisiifolia across the N treatments. The populations also expressed genetic differentiation in basal diameter, growth rate, leaf area, seed width, root biomass, aboveground biomass, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration regardless of N treatments. Moreover, plants from different populations of the invader displayed plastic responses in time to first flower, hundred-grain weight, net photosynthetic rate, and relative biomass allocation to roots and shoots and seed length under different N treatments. Additionally, individuals of A. artemisiifolia from higher latitudes grew shorter and allocated less biomass to the roots regardless of N treatment, while latitudinal cline (or lack thereof) in other traits depended on the level of N in which the plants were grown. Overall, these results suggest that rapid adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity in the various traits that we quantified may jointly contribute to invasiveness of A. artemisiifolia under different levels of N availability. More broadly, the results support the idea that phenotypic plasticity and rapid adaptive evolution can jointly enable invasive plants to colonize a wide range of environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ayub M O Oduor
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
- Department of Applied Biology, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Caiyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shen C, Chen P, Zhang K, He M, Wan J, Wang Y, Tao Z, Huang W, Siemann E. Dynamics and mechanisms of secondary invasion following biological control of an invasive plant. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2594-2606. [PMID: 36918476 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Secondary invasions in which nontarget invaders expand following eradication of a target invader commonly occur in habitats with multiple invasive plant species and can prevent recovery of native communities. However, the dynamics and mechanisms of secondary invasion remain unclear. Here, we conducted a common garden experiment to test underlying mechanisms of secondary invasion for 14 nontarget invaders after biological control of Ambrosia artemisiifolia in two consecutive years. We found secondary invasion for all tested nontarget invaders, but secondary invasiveness (change relative to natives) varied with species and time. Specifically, secondary invasiveness depended most strongly on phylogenetic relatedness between the target and nontarget invaders in the first year with closely related nontarget invaders being most invasive. By contrast, secondary invasiveness in the second year was mostly driven by functional traits with taller nontarget invaders or those with higher specific leaf area, or smaller seeds especially invasive. Our study indicates that secondary invasion is likely to occur wherever other invasive plants co-occur with an invasive species targeted for control. Furthermore, the most problematic invaders will initially be species closely related to the target invader but then species with rapid growth and high reproduction are most likely to be more aggressive secondary invaders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changchao Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengdong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaoping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Minyan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jinlong Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Zhibin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Evan Siemann
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Song XJ, Liu G, Qian ZQ, Zhu ZH. Niche Filling Dynamics of Ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) during Global Invasion. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1313. [PMID: 36987000 PMCID: PMC10055026 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Determining whether the climatic ecological niche of an invasive alien plant is similar to that of the niche occupied by its native population (ecological niche conservatism) is essential for predicting the plant invasion process. Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) usually poses serious threats to human health, agriculture, and ecosystems within its newly occupied range. We calculated the overlap, stability, unfilling, and expansion of ragweed's climatic ecological niche using principal component analysis and performed ecological niche hypothesis testing. The current and potential distribution of A. artemisiifolia was mapped by ecological niche models to identify areas in China with the highest potential risk of A. artemisiifolia invasion. The high ecological niche stability indicates that A. artemisiifolia is ecologically conservative during the invasion. Ecological niche expansion (expansion = 0.407) occurred only in South America. In addition, the difference between the climatic and native niches of the invasive populations is mainly the result of unpopulated niches. The ecological niche model suggests that southwest China, which has not been invaded by A. artemisiifolia, faces an elevated risk of invasion. Although A. artemisiifolia occupies a climatic niche distinct from native populations, the climatic niche of the invasive population is only a subset of the native niche. The difference in climatic conditions is the main factor leading to the ecological niche expansion of A. artemisiifolia during the invasion. Additionally, human activities play a substantial role in the expansion of A. artemisiifolia. Alterations in the A. artemisiifolia niche would help explain why this species is so invasive in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jiang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- Research Center for UAV Remote Sensing, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- Changqing Teaching & Research Base of Ecology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- Research Center for UAV Remote Sensing, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- Changqing Teaching & Research Base of Ecology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Zeng-Qiang Qian
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- Research Center for UAV Remote Sensing, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- Changqing Teaching & Research Base of Ecology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- Research Center for UAV Remote Sensing, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
- Changqing Teaching & Research Base of Ecology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahlawat N, Geeta Arun M, Maggu K, Jigisha, Singh A, Prasad NG. Drosophila melanogaster hosts coevolving with Pseudomonas entomophila pathogen show sex-specific patterns of local adaptation. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:77. [PMID: 35717176 PMCID: PMC9206745 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In spatially structured populations, local adaptation improves organisms’ fitness in their native environment. Hosts and pathogens can rapidly adapt to their local antagonist. Since males and females can differ in their immunocompetence, the patterns of local adaptation can be different between the sexes. However, there is little information about sex differences in local adaptation in host–pathogen systems. Results In the current study, we experimentally coevolved four different replicate populations of Drosophila melanogaster (host) and Pseudomonas entomophila (pathogen) along with appropriate controls. We used the four host–pathogen coevolution populations to investigate the occurrence of local adaptation separately in males and females of the coevolving hosts. We also assessed local adaptation in pathogens. We set up a reciprocal infection experiment where we infected each of the four coevolving hosts with their local pathogen or non-local pathogens from the other three replicate populations. We found that overall, male and female hosts had better survivorship when infected with local pathogens, indicating that they were locally adapted. Interestingly, males were more susceptible to non-local pathogens compared to females. In addition, we found no fecundity cost in females infected with either local or non-local pathogens. We found no evidence of local adaptation among the pathogens. Conclusion Our study showed sex-specific adaptation in the coevolving hosts where female hosts had a broader response against allopatric coevolving pathogens with no cost in fecundity. Thus, our results might suggest a novel mechanism that can maintain variation in susceptibility in spatially structured populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-022-02031-8.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Ma W, Ma C, Zhang Q, Tian Z, Tian Z, Chen H, Guo J, Wan F, Zhou Z. The hsp70 new functions as a regulator of reproduction both female and male in Ophraella communa. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:931525. [PMID: 36203880 PMCID: PMC9531545 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.931525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) function as molecular chaperones that enable organisms to withstand stress and maintain normal life activities. In this study, we identified heat shock protein 70 (encoded by hsp70), which exhibits a higher expression in the mature male testis than in the unmature testis of Ophraella communa. Tissue expression profile revealed that Ochsp70 levels in males were highest in the testis, whereas those in females were highest in the head. Moreover, the expression of Ochsp70 was found to be significantly induced in female bursa copulatrix after mating. Double-stranded RNA dsOchsp70 was injected into males to performance RNA interference, which significantly decreased the male Ochsp70 expression levels within 20 d post-injection, whereas no effect was observed on the Ochsp70 expression level in the females after mating with dsOchsp70-injected males. However, significant downregulation of female fertility was marked simultaneously. Furthermore, knockdown of female Ochsp70 expression also led to a significant reduction in fertility. Finally, comparative transcriptomic analysis identified glucose dehydrogenase and insulin-like growth factor binding protein as putative downstream targets of Ochsp70. Overall, we deduced that Ochsp70 is an indispensable gene and a potential male mating factor in O. communa, which regulates reproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinglu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenya Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Zhenqi Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongsong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jianying Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongshi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongshi Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prapas D, Scalone R, Lee J, Nurkowski KA, Bou‐assi S, Rieseberg L, Battlay P, Hodgins KA. Quantitative trait loci mapping reveals an oligogenic architecture of a rapidly adapting trait during the European invasion of common ragweed. Evol Appl 2022; 15:1249-1263. [PMID: 36051461 PMCID: PMC9423086 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions offer a unique opportunity to investigate evolution over contemporary timescales. Rapid adaptation to local climates during range expansion can be a major determinant of invasion success, yet fundamental questions remain about its genetic basis. This study sought to investigate the genetic basis of climate adaptation in invasive common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia). Flowering time adaptation is key to this annual species' invasion success, so much so that it has evolved repeated latitudinal clines in size and phenology across its native and introduced ranges despite high gene flow among populations. Here, we produced a high-density linkage map (4493 SNPs) and paired this with phenotypic data from an F2 mapping population (n = 336) to identify one major and two minor quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying flowering time and height differentiation in this species. Within each QTL interval, several candidate flowering time genes were also identified. Notably, the major flowering time QTL detected in this study was found to overlap with a previously identified haploblock (putative inversion). Multiple genetic maps of this region identified evidence of suppressed recombination in specific genotypes, consistent with inversions. These discoveries support the expectation that a concentrated genetic architecture with fewer, larger, and more tightly linked alleles should underlie rapid local adaptation during invasion, particularly when divergently adapting populations experience high levels of gene flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Prapas
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Romain Scalone
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Uppsala Ecology CenterSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
- Department of Grapevine BreedingHochschule Geisenheim UniversityGeisenheimGermany
| | - Jacqueline Lee
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kristin A. Nurkowski
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Sarah Bou‐assi
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Loren Rieseberg
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Paul Battlay
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kathryn A. Hodgins
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Donne C, Larkin K, Adrian-Tucci C, Good A, Kephart C, Neiman M. Life-history trait variation in native versus invasive asexual New Zealand mud snails. Oecologia 2022; 199:785-795. [PMID: 35877050 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Potamopyrgus antipodarum is a New Zealand freshwater snail that is invasive worldwide. While native P. antipodarum populations are characterized by frequent coexistence between obligately sexual and obligately asexual individuals, only the asexual snails are known to invade other ecosystems. Despite low genetic diversity and the absence of sex, invasive asexual P. antipodarum are highly successful. Here, we quantified variation in three key life-history traits across invasive P. antipodarum lineages and compared this variation to already documented variation in these same traits in asexual native lineages to provide a deeper understanding of why some lineages become invasive. In particular, we evaluated if invasive lineages of P. antipodarum could be successful because they represent life-history variation from native ancestors that could facilitate invasion. We found that invasive snails displayed a non-representative sample of native diversity, with invasive snails growing more slowly and maturing more rapidly than their native counterparts. These results are consistent with expectations of a scenario where invasive lineages represent a subset of native variation that is beneficial in the setting of invasion. Together, these results help illuminate the mechanisms driving the worldwide expansion of invasive populations of these snails.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Donne
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
| | - Katelyn Larkin
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | | | - Abby Good
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Carson Kephart
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Maurine Neiman
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Department of Gender, Women's, and Sexuality Studies, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Haider S, Palm S, Bruelheide H, de Villemereuil P, Menzel A, Lachmuth S. Disturbance and indirect effects of climate warming support a plant invader in mountains. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Haider
- Martin Luther Univ. Halle‐Wittenberg, Inst. of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Sebastian Palm
- Martin Luther Univ. Halle‐Wittenberg, Inst. of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Martin Luther Univ. Halle‐Wittenberg, Inst. of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Halle (Saale) Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Pierre de Villemereuil
- Inst. de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), École Pratique des Hautes Études
- PSL, MNHN, CNRS, SU, UA Paris France
| | - Annette Menzel
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical Univ. of Munich Freising Germany
- Inst. for Advanced Study, Technical Univ. of Munich Garching Germany
| | - Susanne Lachmuth
- Martin Luther Univ. Halle‐Wittenberg, Inst. of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Halle (Saale) Germany
- Univ. of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Appalachian Laboratory Frostburg MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu W, Chen X, Wang J, Zhang Y. Does the effect of flowering time on biomass allocation across latitudes differ between invasive and native salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora? Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8681. [PMID: 35309742 PMCID: PMC8901870 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parallel latitudinal clines in flowering time have been documented in both the invasive and native ranges of plants. Furthermore, flowering time has been found to affect biomass at maturity. Therefore, understanding how these flowering times affect biomass accumulation across latitudes is essential to understanding plant adaptations and distributions.We investigated and compared trends in first flowering day (FFD), aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), and BGB:AGB ratio of the salt marsh grass Spartina alterniflora along latitudinal gradients from the invasive (China, 19-40°N) and native range (United States, 27-43°N) in a greenhouse common garden experiment, and tested whether FFD would drive these divergences between invasive and native ranges.The invasive populations produced more (~20%, ~19%) AGB and BGB than native populations, but there were no significant differences in the FFD and BGB:AGB ratio. We found significant parallel latitudinal clines in FFD in both invasive and native ranges. In addition, the BGB:AGB ratio was negatively correlated with the FFD in both the invasive and native ranges but nonsignificant in invasive populations. In contrast, AGB and BGB increased with latitude in the invasive range, but declined with latitude in the native range. Most interestingly, we found AGB and BGB positively correlated with the FFD in the native range, but no significant relationships in the invasive range.Our results indirectly support the evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis (EICA) that S. alterniflora has evolved to produce greater AGB and BGB in China, but the flowering and allocation pattern of native populations is maintained in the invasive range. Our results also suggest that invasive S. alterniflora in China is not constrained by the trade-off of earlier flowering with smaller size, and that flowering time has played an important role in biomass allocation across latitudes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland EcosystemsCollege of the Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityFujianChina
| | - Xincong Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland EcosystemsCollege of the Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityFujianChina
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland EcosystemsCollege of the Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityFujianChina
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland EcosystemsCollege of the Environment and EcologyXiamen UniversityFujianChina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Altering native community assembly history influences the performance of an annual invader. Basic Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
11
|
Gao L, Yu G, Hu F, Li Z, Li W, Peng C. The Patterns of Male and Female Flowers in Flowering Stage May Not Be Optimal Resource Allocation for Fruit and Seed Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122819. [PMID: 34961290 PMCID: PMC8706146 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the proportions of male and female flowers in monoecious plants in response to external environmental conditions are directly related to the reproductive fitness of plants. The monoecious cucumber (Cucumber sativus) plant was used in this study to assess the responses of sex differentiation and the breeding process to nutrient supply and the degree of artificial pollination using pollen solutions of different concentrations. We found that the nutrient supply significantly improved the number of female flowers, while pollination treatments did not obviously increase the number of male flowers. Continuous pollination changed the number of female flowers especially in the later stage of the pollination experiment. Therefore, pollination changed the ratio of male and female flowers in the flowering stage of cucumber. Pollination treatment affected the fruit growth, seed set, and fruit yield. The number of fruit, fruit set percentage, and total seeds per plant did not increase with the pollination level, but individual fruit weight and seed number in one fruit did increase. The differentiation of male and female flowers in the flowering stage of cucumber is a response to nutrient and pollination resources, but this response is not the optimal resource allocation for subsequent fruit development and seed maturity, which suggests that the response of plants to external environment resources is short-term and direct.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bouteiller XP, Moret F, Ségura R, Klisz M, Martinik A, Monty A, Pino J, van Loo M, Wojda T, Porté AJ, Mariette S. The seeds of invasion: enhanced germination in invasive European populations of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) compared to native American populations. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:1006-1017. [PMID: 34546636 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Local adaptation and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity may facilitate biological invasions. Both processes can enhance germination and seedling recruitment, which are crucial life-history traits for plants. The rate, timing and speed of germination have recently been documented as playing a major role during the invasion process. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a North American tree, which has spread widely throughout Europe. A recent study demonstrated that a few populations are the source of European black locust. Thus, invasive populations can be compared to native ones in order to identify genetic-based phenotypic differentiation and the role of phenotypic plasticity can thereby be assessed. A quantitative genetics experiment was performed to evaluate 13 juvenile traits of both native and invasive black locust populations (3000 seeds, 20 populations) subjected to three different thermal treatments (18 °C, 22 °C and 31 °C). The results revealed European populations to have a higher germination rate than the native American populations (88% versus 60%), and even when genetic distance between populations was considered. Moreover, this trait showed lower plasticity to temperature in the invasive range than in the native one. Conversely, other studied traits showed high plasticity to temperature, but they responded in a similar way to temperature increase: the warmer the temperature, the higher the growth rate or germination traits values. The demonstrated genetic differentiation between native and invasive populations testifies to a shift between ranges for the maximum germination percentage. This pattern could be due to human-mediated introduction of black locust.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - F Moret
- BIOGECO, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Cestas, France
| | - R Ségura
- BIOGECO, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Cestas, France
| | - M Klisz
- Department of Silviculture and Genetics, Forest Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
| | - A Martinik
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A Monty
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Biodiversity and Landscape Unit, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - J Pino
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
| | - M van Loo
- Department of Forest Growth, Silviculture and Genetics, Research Centre for Forests (BFW), Vienna, Austria
| | - T Wojda
- Department of Silviculture and Genetics, Forest Research Institute, Raszyn, Poland
| | - A J Porté
- BIOGECO, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Cestas, France
| | - S Mariette
- BIOGECO, INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, Cestas, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Simón-Porcar VI, Silva JL, Vallejo-Marín M. Rapid local adaptation in both sexual and asexual invasive populations of monkeyflowers (Mimulus spp.). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:655-668. [PMID: 33604608 PMCID: PMC8052927 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Traditionally, local adaptation has been seen as the outcome of a long evolutionary history, particularly with regard to sexual lineages. By contrast, phenotypic plasticity has been thought to be most important during the initial stages of population establishment and in asexual species. We evaluated the roles of adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity in the invasive success of two closely related species of invasive monkeyflowers (Mimulus) in the UK that have contrasting reproductive strategies: M. guttatus combines sexual (seeds) and asexual (clonal growth) reproduction while M. × robertsii is entirely asexual. METHODS We compared the clonality (number of stolons), floral and vegetative phenotype, and phenotypic plasticity of native (M. guttatus) and invasive (M. guttatus and M. × robertsii) populations grown in controlled environment chambers under the environmental conditions at each latitudinal extreme of the UK. The goal was to discern the roles of temperature and photoperiod on the expression of phenotypic traits. Next, we tested the existence of local adaptation in the two species within the invasive range with a reciprocal transplant experiment at two field sites in the latitudinal extremes of the UK, and analysed which phenotypic traits underlie potential local fitness advantages in each species. KEY RESULTS Populations of M. guttatus in the UK showed local adaptation through sexual function (fruit production), while M. × robertsii showed local adaptation via asexual function (stolon production). Phenotypic selection analyses revealed that different traits are associated with fitness in each species. Invasive and native populations of M. guttatus had similar phenotypic plasticity and clonality. M. × robertsii presents greater plasticity and clonality than native M. guttatus, but most populations have restricted clonality under the warm conditions of the south of the UK. CONCLUSIONS This study provides experimental evidence of local adaptation in a strictly asexual invasive species with high clonality and phenotypic plasticity. This indicates that even asexual taxa can rapidly (<200 years) adapt to novel environmental conditions in which alternative strategies may not ensure the persistence of populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Violeta I Simón-Porcar
- Departmento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, E-41080 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose L Silva
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC), Avenida Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mario Vallejo-Marín
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland FK9 4LA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen X, Liu W, Pennings SC, Zhang Y. Plasticity and selection drive hump-shaped latitudinal patterns of flowering phenology in an invasive intertidal plant. Ecology 2021; 102:e03311. [PMID: 33586146 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of flowering phenology can affect the success of plant invasions, especially when introduced species spread across a wide range of latitude into different climatic conditions. We combined a 4-yr field survey and a 3-yr common garden experiment with the invasive grass Spartina alterniflora that is now widespread along the coast of China to document the latitudinal pattern of flowering phenology, determine if phenology was related to climate or oceanographic variables, and determine whether phenology patterns were fixed versus plastic. In the field, first flowering day displayed a hump-shaped relationship with latitude, with low- and high-latitude plants flowering 100 d and 10 d earlier than plants at middle latitudes, respectively. Peak flowering day showed a similar hump-shaped relationship with latitude, with the interval between first and peak flowering day decreasing with increasing latitude. First flowering day had a hump-shaped relationship with annual growing degree days but a linear positive relationship with tidal range. In the common garden, first flowering day decreased linearly with increasing latitude of origin, as did peak flowering day, and the interval between first and peak flowering day increased with increasing latitude. First flowering day in the common garden had weak or no relationships with abiotic variables at the sites of origin. In both the field and common garden, first flowering day was later in site years for which plants were taller. These results indicate a high degree of plasticity in flowering phenology, with plants flowering later in the field at sites with intermediate temperatures and high tide ranges. Common garden results indicate some selection for earlier flowering at sites with low temperatures, consistent with a shorter growing season. Consistent with life-history theory, plants flowered later under conditions favoring vigorous growth. Earlier flowering and smaller size of plants at high and low latitudes suggests that S. alterniflora has already occupied much of the geographic range favorable for it on the East Coast of Asia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xincong Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Steven C Pennings
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, 77204, USA
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Fujian, 361102, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Helsen K, Acharya KP, Graae BJ, De Kort H, Brunet J, Chabrerie O, Cousins SAO, De Frenne P, Hermy M, Verheyen K, Pélabon C. Earlier onset of flowering and increased reproductive allocation of an annual invasive plant in the north of its novel range. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:1005-1016. [PMID: 32582950 PMCID: PMC7596373 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It remains unclear whether invasive species can maintain both high biomass and reproductive output across their invaded range. Along latitudinal gradients, allocation theory predicts that faster flowering onset at high latitudes results in maturation at smaller size and thus reduced reproductive output. For annual invasive plants, more favourable environmental conditions at low latitudes probably result in stronger competition of co-occurring species, potentially driving selection for higher investment in vegetative biomass, while harsher climatic conditions and associated reproductive uncertainty at higher latitudes could reduce selection for vegetative biomass and increased selection for high reproductive investment (stress-gradient hypothesis). Combined, these drivers could result in increased or constant reproductive allocation with increasing latitude. METHODS We quantified life-history traits in the invasive annual plant Impatiens glandulifera along a latitudinal gradient in Europe. By growing two successive glasshouse generations, we assessed genetic differentiation in vegetative growth and reproductive output across six populations, and tested whether onset of flowering drives this divergence. KEY RESULTS Trait variation was mainly caused by genetic differentiation. As expected, flowering onset was progressively earlier in populations from higher latitudes. Plant height and vegetative biomass also decreased in populations from higher latitudes, as predicted by allocation theory, but their variation was independent of the variation in flowering onset. Reproductive output remained constant across latitudes, resulting in increased reproductive allocation towards higher latitudes, supporting the stress-gradient hypothesis. We also observed trait genetic differentiation among populations that was independent of latitude. CONCLUSIONS We show that an annual invasive plant evolved several life-history traits across its invaded range in ~150 years. The evolution of vegetative and reproductive traits seems unconstrained by evolution of flowering onset. This genetic decoupling between vegetative and reproductive traits possibly contributes to the invasion success of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Helsen
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, University of Leuven, Arenbergpark 31, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kamal Prasad Acharya
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Sports, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente Jessen Graae
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hanne De Kort
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology, University of Leuven, Arenbergpark 31, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Olivier Chabrerie
- Research Unit ‘Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés’, EDYSAN, UMR 7058 CNRS, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, Amiens cedex, France
| | - Sara A O Cousins
- Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Martin Hermy
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Christophe Pélabon
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
McGoey BV, Hodgins KA, Stinchcombe JR. Parallel flowering time clines in native and introduced ragweed populations are likely due to adaptation. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:4595-4608. [PMID: 32551046 PMCID: PMC7297792 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As introduced species expand their ranges, they often encounter differences in climate which are often correlated with geography. For introduced species, encountering a geographically variable climate sometimes leads to the re-establishment of clines seen in the native range. However, clines can also be caused by neutral processes, and so it is important to gather additional evidence that population differentiation is the result of selection as opposed to nonadaptive processes. Here, we examine phenotypic and genetic differences in ragweed from the native (North America) and introduced (European) ranges. We used a common garden to assess phenotypic differentiation in size and flowering time in ragweed populations. We found significant parallel clines in flowering time in both North America and Europe. Height and branch number had significant clines in North America, and, while not statistically significant, the patterns in Europe were the same. We used SNP data to assess population structure in both ranges and to compare phenotypic differentiation to neutral genetic variation. We failed to detect significant patterns of isolation by distance, geographic patterns in population structure, or correlations between the major axes of SNP variation and phenotypes or latitude of origin. We conclude that the North American clines in size and the parallel clines seen for flowering time are most likely the result of adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brechann V. McGoey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | | | - John R. Stinchcombe
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
- Koffler Scientific ReserveUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
van Boheemen LA, Hodgins KA. Rapid repeatable phenotypic and genomic adaptation following multiple introductions. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4102-4117. [PMID: 32246535 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Uncovering the genomic basis of repeated adaption can provide important insights into the constraints and biases that limit the diversity of genetic responses. Demographic processes such as admixture or bottlenecks affect genetic variation underlying traits experiencing selection. The impact of these processes on the genetic basis of adaptation remains, however, largely unexamined empirically. We here test repeatability in phenotypes and genotypes along parallel climatic clines within the native North American and introduced European and Australian Ambrosia artemisiifolia ranges. To do this, we combined multiple lines of evidence from phenotype-environment associations, FST -like outlier tests, genotype-environment associations and genotype-phenotype associations. We used 853 individuals grown in common garden from 84 sampling locations, targeting 19 phenotypes, >83 k SNPs and 22 environmental variables. We found that 17%-26% of loci with adaptive signatures were repeated among ranges, despite alternative demographic histories shaping genetic variation and genetic associations. Our results suggest major adaptive changes can occur on short timescales, with seemingly minimum impacts due to demographic changes linked to introduction. These patterns reveal some predictability of evolutionary change during range expansion, key in a world facing ongoing climate change, and rapid invasive spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn A Hodgins
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ollivier M, Kazakou E, Corbin M, Sartori K, Gooden B, Lesieur V, Thomann T, Martin JF, Tixier MS. Trait differentiation between native and introduced populations of the invasive plant Sonchus oleraceus L. (Asteraceae). NEOBIOTA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.55.49158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that rapid adaptation to novel environments drives successful establishment and spread of invasive plant species. However, the mechanisms driving trait adaptation, such as selection pressure from novel climate niche envelopes, remain poorly tested at global scales. In this study, we investigated differences in 20 traits (relating to growth, resource acquisition, reproduction, phenology and defence) amongst 14 populations of the herbaceous plant Sonchus oleraceus L. (Asteraceae) across its native (Europe and North Africa) and introduced (Australia and New Zealand) ranges. We compared traits amongst populations grown under standard glasshouse conditions. Introduced S. oleraceus plants seemed to outperform native plants, i.e. possessing higher leaf and stem dry matter content, greater number of leaves and were taller at first flowering stage. Although introduced plants produced fewer seeds, they had a higher germination rate than native plants. We found strong evidence for adaptation along temperature and precipitation gradients for several traits (e.g. shoot height, biomass, leaf and stem dry matter contents increased with minimum temperatures, while germination rate decreased with annual precipitations and temperatures), which suggests that similar selective forces shape populations in both the native and invaded ranges. We detected significant shifts in the relationships (i.e. trade-offs) (i) between plant height and flowering time and (ii) between leaf-stem biomass and grain yield between native and introduced plants, indicating that invasion was associated with changes to life-history dynamics that may confer competitive advantages over native vegetation. Specifically, we found that, at first flowering, introduced plants tended to be taller than native ones and that investment in leaf and stem biomass was greater in introduced than in native plants for equivalent levels of grain yield. Our study has demonstrated that climatic conditions may drive rapid adaption to novel environments in invasive plant species.
Collapse
|
19
|
Svensson EI, Goedert D, Gómez-Llano MA, Spagopoulou F, Nava-Bolaños A, Booksmythe I. Sex differences in local adaptation: what can we learn from reciprocal transplant experiments? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0420. [PMID: 30150219 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Local adaptation is of fundamental interest to evolutionary biologists. Traditionally, local adaptation has been studied using reciprocal transplant experiments to quantify fitness differences between residents and immigrants in pairwise transplants between study populations. Previous studies have detected local adaptation in some cases, but others have shown lack of adaptation or even maladaptation. Recently, the importance of different fitness components, such as survival and fecundity, to local adaptation have been emphasized. Here, we address another neglected aspect in studies of local adaptation: sex differences. Given the ubiquity of sexual dimorphism in life histories and phenotypic traits, this neglect is surprising, but may be partly explained by differences in research traditions and terminology in the fields of local adaptation and sexual selection. Studies that investigate differences in mating success between resident and immigrants across populations tend to be framed in terms of reproductive and behavioural isolation, rather than local adaptation. We briefly review the published literature that bridges these areas and suggest that reciprocal transplant experiments could benefit from quantifying both male and female fitness components. Such a more integrative research approach could clarify the role of sex differences in the evolution of local adaptations.This article is part of the theme issue 'Linking local adaptation with the evolution of sex differences'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Debora Goedert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | | | - Foteini Spagopoulou
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Angela Nava-Bolaños
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, México.,Secretaría de Educación Abierta y Continua, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, C.U., 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Isobel Booksmythe
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 3800 Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Does adaptation to historical climate shape plant responses to future rainfall patterns? A rainfall manipulation experiment with common ragweed. Oecologia 2019; 190:941-953. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
21
|
Yun L, Bayoumi M, Yang S, Chen PJ, Rundle HD, Agrawal AF. Testing for local adaptation in adult male and female fitness among populations evolved under different mate competition regimes. Evolution 2019; 73:1604-1616. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yun
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Malak Bayoumi
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Seon Yang
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Patrick J. Chen
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | - Aneil F. Agrawal
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Braasch J, Barker BS, Dlugosch KM. Expansion history and environmental suitability shape effective population size in a plant invasion. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:2546-2558. [PMID: 30993767 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The margins of an expanding range are predicted to be challenging environments for adaptation. Marginal populations should often experience low effective population sizes (Ne ) where genetic drift is high due to demographic expansion and/or census population size is low due to unfavourable environmental conditions. Nevertheless, invasive species demonstrate increasing evidence of rapid evolution and potential adaptation to novel environments encountered during colonization, calling into question whether significant reductions in Ne are realized during range expansions in nature. Here we report one of the first empirical tests of the joint effects of expansion dynamics and environment on effective population size variation during invasive range expansion. We estimate contemporary values of Ne using rates of linkage disequilibrium among genome-wide markers within introduced populations of the highly invasive plant Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) in North America (California, USA), and within native Eurasian populations. As predicted, we find that Ne within the invaded range is positively correlated with both expansion history (time since founding) and habitat quality (abiotic climate). History and climate had independent additive effects with similar effect sizes, indicating an important role for both factors in this invasion. These results support theoretical expectations for the population genetics of range expansion, though whether these processes can ultimately arrest the spread of an invasive species remains an unanswered question.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Braasch
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Brittany S Barker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Integrated Plant Protection Center and Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Katrina M Dlugosch
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wan JSH, Rutherford S, Bonser SP. The invasion triangle in the range dynamics of invasive species following successful establishment. Evol Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-019-09986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
24
|
van Boheemen LA, Atwater DZ, Hodgins KA. Rapid and repeated local adaptation to climate in an invasive plant. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:614-627. [PMID: 30367474 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions provide opportunities to study evolutionary processes occurring over contemporary timescales. To explore the speed and repeatability of adaptation, we examined the divergence of life-history traits to climate, using latitude as a proxy, in the native North American and introduced European and Australian ranges of the annual plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia. We explored niche changes following introductions using climate niche dynamic models. In a common garden, we examined trait divergence by growing seeds collected across three ranges with highly distinct demographic histories. Heterozygosity-fitness associations were used to explore the effect of invasion history on potential success. We accounted for nonadaptive population differentiation using 11 598 single nucleotide polymorphisms. We revealed a centroid shift to warmer, wetter climates in the introduced ranges. We identified repeated latitudinal divergence in life-history traits, with European and Australian populations positioned at either end of the native clines. Our data indicate rapid and repeated adaptation to local climates despite the recent introductions and a bottleneck limiting genetic variation in Australia. Centroid shifts in the introduced ranges suggest adaptation to more productive environments, potentially contributing to trait divergence between the ranges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotte A van Boheemen
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel Z Atwater
- Department of Biology, Earlham College, Richmond, IN, 47374, USA
| | - Kathryn A Hodgins
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Evidence for plasticity, but not local adaptation, in invasive Japanese knotweed (Reynoutria japonica) in North America. Evol Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-018-9942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
27
|
van Boheemen LA, Lombaert E, Nurkowski KA, Gauffre B, Rieseberg LH, Hodgins KA. Multiple introductions, admixture and bridgehead invasion characterize the introduction history of Ambrosia artemisiifolia
in Europe and Australia. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5421-5434. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Lombaert
- UMR 1355 ISA; INRA; Sophia-Antipolis France
- UMR ISA; Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis; Sophia-Antipolis France
- UMR 7254 ISA; CNRS; Sophia-Antipolis France
| | | | - Bertrand Gauffre
- School of Biological Sciences; Monash University; Clayton VIC Australia
- UMR 7372; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé; CNRS - Université de La Rochelle; Villiers-en-Bois France
- USC1339; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé; INRA; Villiers-en-Bois France
| | - Loren H. Rieseberg
- Department of Botany; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chapman DS, Scalone R, Štefanić E, Bullock JM. Mechanistic species distribution modeling reveals a niche shift during invasion. Ecology 2017; 98:1671-1680. [PMID: 28369815 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Niche shifts of nonnative plants can occur when they colonize novel climatic conditions. However, the mechanistic basis for niche shifts during invasion is poorly understood and has rarely been captured within species distribution models. We quantified the consequence of between-population variation in phenology for invasion of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) across Europe. Ragweed is of serious concern because of its harmful effects as a crop weed and because of its impact on public health as a major aeroallergen. We developed a forward mechanistic species distribution model based on responses of ragweed development rates to temperature and photoperiod. The model was parameterized and validated from the literature and by reanalyzing data from a reciprocal common garden experiment in which native and invasive populations were grown within and beyond the current invaded range. It could therefore accommodate between-population variation in the physiological requirements for flowering, and predict the potentially invaded ranges of individual populations. Northern-origin populations that were established outside the generally accepted climate envelope of the species had lower thermal requirements for bud development, suggesting local adaptation of phenology had occurred during the invasion. The model predicts that this will extend the potentially invaded range northward and increase the average suitability across Europe by 90% in the current climate and 20% in the future climate. Therefore, trait variation observed at the population scale can trigger a climatic niche shift at the biogeographic scale. For ragweed, earlier flowering phenology in established northern populations could allow the species to spread beyond its current invasive range, substantially increasing its risk to agriculture and public health. Mechanistic species distribution models offer the possibility to represent niche shifts by varying the traits and niche responses of individual populations. Ignoring such effects could substantially underestimate the extent and impact of invasions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Chapman
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Edinburgh, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - Romain Scalone
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7043, Uppsala, 75007, Sweden
| | - Edita Štefanić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Trg Svetog Trojstva 3, Osijek, 31000, Croatia
| | - James M Bullock
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rasmussen K, Thyrring J, Muscarella R, Borchsenius F. Climate-change-induced range shifts of three allergenic ragweeds ( Ambrosia L.) in Europe and their potential impact on human health. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3104. [PMID: 28321366 PMCID: PMC5357339 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive allergenic plant species may have severe health-related impacts. In this study we aim to predict the effects of climate change on the distribution of three allergenic ragweed species (Ambrosia spp.) in Europe and discuss the potential associated health impact. We built species distribution models based on presence-only data for three ragweed species, using MAXENT software. Future climatic habitat suitability was modeled under two IPCC climate change scenarios (RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5). We quantify the extent of the increase in 'high allergy risk' (HAR) areas, i.e., parts of Europe with climatic conditions corresponding to the highest quartile (25%) of present day habitat suitability for each of the three species. We estimate that by year 2100, the distribution range of all three ragweed species increases towards Northern and Eastern Europe under all climate scenarios. HAR areas will expand in Europe by 27-100%, depending on species and climate scenario. Novel HAR areas will occur mostly in Denmark, France, Germany, Russia and the Baltic countries, and overlap with densely populated cities such as Paris and St. Petersburg. We conclude that areas in Europe affected by severe ragweed associated allergy problems are likely to increase substantially by year 2100, affecting millions of people. To avoid this, management strategies must be developed that restrict ragweed dispersal and establishment of new populations. Precautionary efforts should limit the spread of ragweed seeds and reduce existing populations. Only by applying cross-countries management plans can managers mitigate future health risks and economical consequences of a ragweed expansion in Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Rasmussen
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Astma-Allergi Danmark, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jakob Thyrring
- Arctic Research Centre, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Robert Muscarella
- Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bhattarai GP, Meyerson LA, Anderson J, Cummings D, Allen WJ, Cronin JT. Biogeography of a plant invasion: genetic variation and plasticity in latitudinal clines for traits related to herbivory. ECOL MONOGR 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh P. Bhattarai
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - Laura A. Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences University of Rhode Island 1 Greenhouse Road Kingston Rhode Island 02881 USA
| | - Jack Anderson
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences University of Rhode Island 1 Greenhouse Road Kingston Rhode Island 02881 USA
| | - David Cummings
- Department of Natural Resource Sciences University of Rhode Island 1 Greenhouse Road Kingston Rhode Island 02881 USA
| | - Warwick J. Allen
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| | - James T. Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Scalone R, Lemke A, Štefanić E, Kolseth AK, Rašić S, Andersson L. Phenological Variation in Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. Facilitates Near Future Establishment at Northern Latitudes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166510. [PMID: 27846312 PMCID: PMC5113013 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The invasive weed Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed) constitutes a great threat to public health and agriculture in large areas of the globe. Climate change, characterized by higher temperatures and prolonged vegetation periods, could increase the risk of establishment in northern Europe in the future. However, as the species is a short-day plant that requires long nights to induce bloom formation, it might still fail to produce mature seeds before the onset of winter in areas at northern latitudes characterized by short summer nights. To survey the genetic variation in flowering time and study the effect of latitudinal origin on this trait, a reciprocal common garden experiment, including eleven populations of A. artemisiifolia from Europe and North America, was conducted. The experiment was conducted both outside the range limit of the species, in Sweden and within its invaded range, in Croatia. Our main hypothesis was that the photoperiodic-thermal requirements of A. artemisiifolia constitute a barrier for reproduction at northern latitudes and, thus, halts the northern range shift despite expected climate change. Results revealed the presence of a north-south gradient in flowering time at both garden sites, indicating that certain European populations are pre-adapted to photoperiodic and thermal conditions at latitudes up to, at least, 60° N. This was confirmed by phenological recordings performed in a region close to the northern range limit, the north of Germany. Thus, we conclude that there exists a high risk for establishment and spread of A. artemisiifolia in FennoScandinavia in the near future. The range shift might occur independently of climate change, but would be accelerated by it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romain Scalone
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lemke
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Ecology, Plant Ecology and Ecosystem Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edita Štefanić
- University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Faculty of Agriculture, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anna-Karin Kolseth
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sanda Rašić
- University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Faculty of Agriculture, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Lars Andersson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Crop Production Ecology, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Northern ragweed ecotypes flower earlier and longer in response to elevated CO2: what are you sneezing at? Oecologia 2016; 182:587-94. [PMID: 27318697 PMCID: PMC5021721 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Significant changes in plant phenology and flower production are predicted over the next century, but we know relatively little about geographic patterns of this response in many species, even those that potentially impact human wellbeing. We tested for variation in flowering responses of the allergenic plant, Ambrosia artemisiifolia (common ragweed). We grew plants originating from three latitudes in the Northeastern USA at experimental levels of CO2 (400, 600, and 800 µL L(-1)). We hypothesized that northern ecotypes adapted to shorter growing seasons would flower earlier than their southern counterparts, and thus disproportionately allocate carbon gains from CO2 to reproduction. As predicted, latitude of origin and carbon dioxide level significantly influenced the timing and magnitude of flowering. Reproductive onset occurred earlier with increasing latitude, with concurrent increases in the number of flowers produced. Elevated carbon dioxide resulted in earlier reproductive onset in all ecotypes, which was significantly more pronounced in the northern populations. We interpret our findings as evidence for ecotypic variation in ragweed flowering time, as well in responses to CO2. Thus, the ecological and human health implications of common ragweed's response to global change are likely to depend on latitude. We conclude that increased flower production, duration, and possibly pollen output, can be expected in Northeastern United States with rising levels of CO2. The effects are likely, however, to be most significant in northern parts of the region.
Collapse
|
33
|
Pre-adaptation or genetic shift after introduction in the invasive species Impatiens glandulifera? ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
34
|
Colautti RI, Lau JA. Contemporary evolution during invasion: evidence for differentiation, natural selection, and local adaptation. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:1999-2017. [PMID: 25891044 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological invasions are 'natural' experiments that can improve our understanding of contemporary evolution. We evaluate evidence for population differentiation, natural selection and adaptive evolution of invading plants and animals at two nested spatial scales: (i) among introduced populations (ii) between native and introduced genotypes. Evolution during invasion is frequently inferred, but rarely confirmed as adaptive. In common garden studies, quantitative trait differentiation is only marginally lower (~3.5%) among introduced relative to native populations, despite genetic bottlenecks and shorter timescales (i.e. millennia vs. decades). However, differentiation between genotypes from the native vs. introduced range is less clear and confounded by nonrandom geographic sampling; simulations suggest this causes a high false-positive discovery rate (>50%) in geographically structured populations. Selection differentials (¦s¦) are stronger in introduced than in native species, although selection gradients (¦β¦) are not, consistent with introduced species experiencing weaker genetic constraints. This could facilitate rapid adaptation, but evidence is limited. For example, rapid phenotypic evolution often manifests as geographical clines, but simulations demonstrate that nonadaptive trait clines can evolve frequently during colonization (~two-thirds of simulations). Additionally, QST-FST studies may often misrepresent the strength and form of natural selection acting during invasion. Instead, classic approaches in evolutionary ecology (e.g. selection analysis, reciprocal transplant, artificial selection) are necessary to determine the frequency of adaptive evolution during invasion and its influence on establishment, spread and impact of invasive species. These studies are rare but crucial for managing biological invasions in the context of global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert I Colautti
- Plant Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department for Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|