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Zhang Q, Wang Q, Wyckhuys KAG, Jin S, Lu Y. Salinity stress alters plant-mediated interactions between above- and below-ground herbivores. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173687. [PMID: 38830424 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Below-ground herbivory impacts plant development and often induces systemic responses in plants that affect the performance and feeding behavior of above-ground herbivores. Meanwhile, pest-damaged root tissue can enhance a plant's susceptibility to abiotic stress such as salinity. Yet, the extent to which herbivore-induced plant defenses are modulated by such abiotic stress has rarely been studied. In this study, we examine whether root feeding by larvae of the turnip moth, Agrotis segetum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) affects the performance of the above-ground, sap-feeding aphid Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on cotton, and assess whether those interactions are modulated by salinity stress. In the absence of salinity stress, A. segetum root feeding does not affect A. gossypii development. On the other hand, under intense salinity stress (i.e., 600 mM NaCl), A. segetum root feeding decreases aphid development time by 16.1 % and enhances fecundity by 72.0 %. Transcriptome, metabolome and bioassay trials showed that root feeding and salinity stress jointly trigger the biosynthesis of amino acids in cotton leaves. Specifically, increased titers of valine in leaf tissue relate to an enhanced performance of A. gossypii. Taken together, salinity stress alters the interaction between above- and below-ground feeders by changing amino acid accumulation. Our findings advance our understanding of how plants cope with concurrent biotic and abiotic stressors, and may help tailor plant protection strategies to varying production contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongqiong Wang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Kris A G Wyckhuys
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia 4072, Australia; Chrysalis Consulting, Danang 50000, Viet Nam
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Moreira X, Martín-Cacheda L, Quiroga G, Lago-Núñez B, Röder G, Abdala-Roberts L. Testing the joint effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and ants on insect herbivory on potato plants. PLANTA 2024; 260:66. [PMID: 39080142 PMCID: PMC11289011 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Ants, but not mycorrhizae, significantly affected insect leaf-chewing herbivory on potato plants. However, there was no evidence of mutualistic interactive effects on herbivory. Plants associate with both aboveground and belowground mutualists, two prominent examples being ants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), respectively. While both of these mutualisms have been extensively studied, joint manipulations testing their independent and interactive (non-additive) effects on plants are rare. To address this gap, we conducted a joint test of ant and AMF effects on herbivory by leaf-chewing insects attacking potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants, and further measured plant traits likely mediating mutualist effects on herbivory. In a field experiment, we factorially manipulated the presence of AMF (two levels: control and mycorrhization) and ants (two levels: exclusion and presence) and quantified the concentration of leaf phenolic compounds acting as direct defenses, as well as plant volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions potentially mediating direct (e.g., herbivore repellents) or indirect (e.g., ant attractants) defense. Moreover, we measured ant abundance and performed a dual-choice greenhouse experiment testing for effects of VOC blends (mimicking those emitted by control vs. AMF-inoculated plants) on ant attraction as a mechanism for indirect defense. Ant presence significantly reduced herbivory whereas mycorrhization had no detectable influence on herbivory and mutualist effects operated independently. Plant trait measurements indicated that mycorrhization had no effect on leaf phenolics but significantly increased VOC emissions. However, mycorrhization did not affect ant abundance and there was no evidence of AMF effects on herbivory operating via ant-mediated defense. Consistently, the dual-choice assay showed no effect of AMF-induced volatile blends on ant attraction. Together, these results suggest that herbivory on potato plants responds mainly to top-down (ant-mediated) rather than bottom-up (AMF-mediated) control, an asymmetry in effects which could have precluded mutualist non-additive effects on herbivory. Further research on this, as well as other plant systems, is needed to examine the ecological contexts under which mutualist interactive effects are more or less likely to emerge and their impacts on plant fitness and associated communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xoaquín Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de Correos 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Lucía Martín-Cacheda
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de Correos 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
| | - Gabriela Quiroga
- Centro de Investigaciones Agrarias de Mabegondo (CIAM), Apartado de Correos 10, 15080 A, Coruña, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lago-Núñez
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Apartado de Correos 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
| | - Gregory Röder
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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3
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Gacnik S, Rusjan D, Mikulic-Petkovsek M. Metabolic Response of Peach Fruit to Invasive Brown Marmorated Stink Bug ( Halyomorpha halys Stål.)'s Infestation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:606. [PMID: 38203777 PMCID: PMC10778873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB; Halyomorpha halys Stål.) is a highly destructive and polyphagous invasive pest that poses a serious threat to more than a hundred reported host plants. In the current study, the metabolic response of peach fruit of two cultivars-'Maria Marta' and 'Redhaven'-to BMSB infestation was studied using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS). In general, a strong phenolic response to BMSB infestation in peach flesh in the injury zone was observed, with flavanol content increasing by 2.4-fold, hydroxycinnamic acid content by 5.0-fold, flavonol content by 3.2-fold, flavanone content by 11.3-fold, and dihydrochalcones content by 3.2-fold compared with the undamaged tissue in the cultivar 'Maria Marta'. The phenolic response in the 'Redhaven' cultivar was even stronger. Consequently, the total phenolic content in the injured flesh also increased, 3.3-fold in 'Maria Marta' and 6.9-fold in 'Redhaven', compared with the uninjured flesh. Infestation with BMSB induced the synthesis of cyanidin-3-glucoside, which is not normally present in peach flesh. In comparison, the phenolic response was lower in peach peel, especially in the cultivar 'Maria Marta'. The study showed that both peach cultivars reacted to BMSB infestation with an increase in phenolic content in the peach flesh, but in a limited area of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maja Mikulic-Petkovsek
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.G.); (D.R.)
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Winkiel MJ, Chowański S, Gołębiowski M, Bufo SA, Słocińska M. Solanaceae Glycoalkaloids Disturb Lipid Metabolism in the Tenebrio molitor Beetle. Metabolites 2023; 13:1179. [PMID: 38132861 PMCID: PMC10744845 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoalkaloids (GAs) are produced naturally by plants and affect insect survivability and fertility. These compounds can be considered potential bioinsecticides; however, the mechanisms and effects of their action remain undiscovered. As lipids are essential molecules for the proper functioning of an insect organism, this research aimed to determine the effects of GAs on the lipid metabolism of the Tenebrio molitor beetle. Solanine, chaconine, tomatine, and tomato leaf extract were applied to larvae by injection at two concentrations, 10-8 and 10-5 M. Then, the tissue was isolated after 2 and 24 h to determine the levels of free fatty acids, sterols and esters using the GC-MS technique. Moreover, the triacylglyceride level and the activity of the key β-oxidation enzyme, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH), were measured. The results indicate that GAs affect the content and composition of lipid compounds in the beetles' haemolymph and fat body. The effects depend on the GA concentrations, incubation time, and kind of tissue. Moreover, the tested compounds decrease HADH activity, especially in the fat body, which may affect energy production. To our knowledge, this is the first study concerning lipid metabolism in T. molitor after GA application. Our results provide some insights into that topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Joanna Winkiel
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (S.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Szymon Chowański
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (S.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Marek Gołębiowski
- Laboratory of Analysis of Natural Compounds, Department of Environmental Analytics, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Sabino Aurelio Bufo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy;
- Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, Johannesburg 2092, South Africa
| | - Małgorzata Słocińska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (S.C.); (M.S.)
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5
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Wang X, Yan G, Liu W, Chen H, Yuan Q, Wang Z, Liu H. Endophytic Beauveria bassiana of Tomato Resisted the Damage from Whitefly Bemisia tabaci by Mediating the Accumulation of Plant-Specialized Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13244-13254. [PMID: 37646319 PMCID: PMC10510379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Beauveria bassiana acts as an endophytic fungus that controls herbivorous pests by stimulating plant defenses and inducing systemic resistance. Through multiomics analysis, 325 differential metabolites and 1739 differential expressed genes were observed in tomatoes treated with B. bassiana by root irrigation; meanwhile, 152 differential metabolites and 1002 differential genes were observed in tomatoes treated by local leaf spraying. Among the upregulated metabolites were α-solanine, 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid, clerodendrin A, and peucedanin, which demonstrated anti-insect activity. These differential metabolites were primarily associated with alkaloid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and tryptophan metabolism pathways. Furthermore, the gene silencing of UDP-glucose:sterol glucosyltransferase, a gene involved in α-solanine synthesis, indicated that B. bassiana could inhibit the reproduction of whiteflies by regulating α-solanine. This study highlighted the ability of B. bassiana to modulate plant secondary metabolites and emphasized the significance of understanding and harnessing multitrophic interactions of endophytic B. bassiana for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety
and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Entomology
and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ganwei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety
and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Entomology
and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety
and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Entomology
and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haolin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety
and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Entomology
and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety
and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Entomology
and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ziying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety
and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Entomology
and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety
and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River, Key Laboratory of Entomology
and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, People’s Republic of China
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6
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Chen J, Chen X, Stout MJ, Davis JA. Belowground Herbivory to Sweetpotato by Sweetpotato Weevil (Coleoptera: Brentidae) Alters Population Dynamics and Probing Behavior of Aboveground Herbivores. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1069-1075. [PMID: 35766382 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Aboveground and belowground herbivory can alter host quality and trophic interactions. However, little research has explored the impacts of belowground herbivory on plant virus epidemiology. To understand this interaction in sweetpotato, Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam), we studied the impact of herbivory by sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers), to storage roots on vector herbivore, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), the green peach aphid, and Aphis gossypii Glover, the cotton aphid, feeding behavior (M. persicae and A. gossypii) and population dynamics (M. persicae only as A. gossypii does not colonize sweetpotato). In addition, a nonvector herbivore, Chrysodeixis includens (Walker), the soybean looper, weight gain was included for comparison. Infestations of sweetpotato weevil in storage roots reduced C. includens weight gain and M. persicae intrinsic rate of increase (rm), net reproductive rate (Ro), and finite rate of increase (λ) on aboveground portions of the plant. In probing behaviors related to nonpersistent virus spread (30 min trials), M. persicae probed less often, took longer to reach the first pd (potential drop), had shorter II-3 (intracellular subphase sap ingestion) durations, and had fewer archlets on plants infested with C. formicarius elegantulus. Total phloem duration did not differ between treatments, indicating that the lowered performance of M. persicae on infested plants was not due to discrepancies in probing duration. Results were less clear for A. gossypii. Thus, in sweetpotato, belowground herbivory can alter plant virus vector abundance and behavior. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these changes in behavior could improve plant virus vector integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- WWOPS Benchmarking, Amazon, Austin, TX 77845, USA
| | - X Chen
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - M J Stout
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - J A Davis
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Kallure GS, Shinde BA, Barvkar VT, Kumari A, Giri AP. Dietary influence on modulation of Helicoverpa armigera oral secretion composition leading to differential regulation of tomato plant defense. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 314:111120. [PMID: 34895549 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how different plant-based diets influence the insect herbivores' oral secretion (OS) composition and eventually the plant defense responses. We analyzed the OS composition of the generalist Lepidopteran insect, Helicoverpa armigera feeding on the host plant tomato (OSH), non-host plant capsicum (OSNH), and artificial diet (OSAD) using Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. Higher numbers and levels of alkaloids and terpenoids were observed in OSH and OSNH, respectively while OSAD was rich in phospholipids. Interestingly, treatment of H. armigera OSAD, OSH and OSNH on wounded tomato leaves showed differential expression of (i) genes involved in JA and SA biosynthesis and their responsive genes, and (ii) biosynthetic pathway genes of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and trehalose, which exhibited increased accumulation along with several other plant defensive metabolites. Specifically, high levels of CGA were detected after OSH and OSNH treatments in tomato leaves. There was higher expression of the genes involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, which may lead to the increased accumulation of CGA and related metabolites. In the insect bioassay, CGA significantly inhibited H. armigera larval growth. Our results underline the differential accumulation of plant and insect OS metabolites and identified potential plant metabolite(s) affecting insect growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal S Kallure
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Balkrishna A Shinde
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidya Nagar, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vitthal T Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Archana Kumari
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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8
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Mbaluto CM, Vergara F, van Dam NM, Martínez-Medina A. Root infection by the nematode Meloidogyne incognita modulates leaf antiherbivore defenses and plant resistance to Spodoptera exigua. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:7909-7926. [PMID: 34545935 PMCID: PMC8664589 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Studies on plant-mediated interactions between root parasitic nematodes and aboveground herbivores are rapidly increasing. However, outcomes for the interacting organisms vary, and the mechanisms involved remain ambiguous. We hypothesized that the impact of root infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on the performance of the aboveground caterpillar Spodoptera exigua is modulated by the nematode's infection cycle. We challenged root-knot nematode-infected tomato plants with caterpillars when the nematode's infection cycle was at the invasion, galling, and reproduction stages. We found that M. incognita root infection enhanced S. exigua performance during the galling stage, while it did not affect the caterpillar's performance at the invasion and reproduction stages. Molecular and chemical analyses performed at the different stages of the nematode infection cycle revealed that M. incognita root infection systemically affected the jasmonic acid-, salicylic acid-, and abscisic acid-related responses, as well as the changes in the leaf metabolome triggered during S. exigua feeding. The M. incognita-induced leaf responses varied over the nematode's root infection cycle. These findings suggest that specific leaf responses triggered systemically by the nematode at its different life-cycle stages underlie the differential impact of M. incognita on plant resistance against the caterpillar S. exigua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispus M Mbaluto
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; PuschStraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität-Jena; DornburgerStraße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Fredd Vergara
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; PuschStraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole M van Dam
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; PuschStraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität-Jena; DornburgerStraße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Center for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; PuschStraße 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität-Jena; DornburgerStraße 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Plant-Microorganism Interaction, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Cordel de Merinas, 40, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
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9
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Papantoniou D, Vergara F, Weinhold A, Quijano T, Khakimov B, Pattison DI, Bak S, van Dam NM, Martínez-Medina A. Cascading Effects of Root Microbial Symbiosis on the Development and Metabolome of the Insect Herbivore Manduca sexta L. Metabolites 2021; 11:731. [PMID: 34822389 PMCID: PMC8622251 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11110731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Root mutualistic microbes can modulate the production of plant secondary metabolites affecting plant-herbivore interactions. Still, the main mechanisms underlying the impact of root mutualists on herbivore performance remain ambiguous. In particular, little is known about how changes in the plant metabolome induced by root mutualists affect the insect metabolome and post-larval development. By using bioassays with tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum), we analyzed the impact of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and the growth-promoting fungus Trichoderma harzianum on the plant interaction with the specialist insect herbivore Manduca sexta. We found that root colonization by the mutualistic microbes impaired insect development, including metamorphosis. By using untargeted metabolomics, we found that root colonization by the mutualistic microbes altered the secondary metabolism of tomato shoots, leading to enhanced levels of steroidal glycoalkaloids. Untargeted metabolomics further revealed that root colonization by the mutualists affected the metabolome of the herbivore, leading to an enhanced accumulation of steroidal glycoalkaloids and altered patterns of fatty acid amides and carnitine-derived metabolites. Our results indicate that the changes in the shoot metabolome triggered by root mutualistic microbes can cascade up altering the metabolome of the insects feeding on the colonized plants, thus affecting the insect development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Papantoniou
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.P.); (F.V.); (A.W.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Fredd Vergara
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.P.); (F.V.); (A.W.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Weinhold
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.P.); (F.V.); (A.W.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Teresa Quijano
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná 97000, Mexico;
| | - Bekzod Khakimov
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | - David I. Pattison
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (D.I.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Søren Bak
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; (D.I.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (D.P.); (F.V.); (A.W.)
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena, Dornburger Str. 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
- Plant-Microorganism Interaction, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
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Stiller A, Garrison K, Gurdyumov K, Kenner J, Yasmin F, Yates P, Song BH. From Fighting Critters to Saving Lives: Polyphenols in Plant Defense and Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8995. [PMID: 34445697 PMCID: PMC8396434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, are a group of specialized metabolites in plants that largely aid in plant defense by deterring biotic stressors and alleviating abiotic stress. Polyphenols offer a wide range of medical applications, acting as preventative and active treatments for diseases such as cancers and diabetes. Recently, researchers have proposed that polyphenols may contribute to certain applications aimed at tackling challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the beneficial impacts of phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, could potentially help prepare society for future pandemics. Thus far, most reviews have focused on polyphenols in cancer prevention and treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion on the critical roles that polyphenols play in both plant chemical defense and human health based on the most recent studies while highlighting prospective avenues for future research, as well as the implications for phytochemical-based applications in both agricultural and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bao-Hua Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; (A.S.); (K.G.); (K.G.); (J.K.); (F.Y.); (P.Y.)
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11
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Impact of the female and hermaphrodite forms of Opuntia robusta on the plant defence hypothesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12063. [PMID: 34103611 PMCID: PMC8187663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91524-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimal defence hypothesis predicts that increased plant defence capabilities, lower levels of damage, and lower investment in vegetative biomass will occur more frequently in sexual forms with higher resource-demanding tissue production and/or younger plant parts. We aimed to examine the effects of sexual form, cladode, and flower age on growth rate, herbivore damage, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA), chlorogenic acid, and quercetin (QUE) concentrations in Opuntia robusta plants in central Mexico. Our findings demonstrated that hermaphrodite flowers showed faster growth and lesser damage than female flowers. The effect of cladode sexual forms on 4-HBA and QUE occurrence was consistent with the predictions of the optimal defence hypothesis. However, chlorogenic acid occurrences were not significantly affected by sexual forms. Old cladodes exhibited higher QUE and 4-HBA occurrences than young cladodes, and hermaphrodites exhibited higher 4-HBA concentrations than females. Resource allocation for reproduction and secondary metabolite production, and growth was higher and lower, respectively, in females, compared to hermaphrodites, indicating a trade-off between investment in reproduction, growth, and secondary metabolite production. Secondary metabolite concentrations in O. robusta plants were not negatively correlated with herbivore damage, and the two traits were not accurate predictors of plant reproductive output.
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12
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Mbaluto CM, Ahmad EM, Mädicke A, Grosser K, van Dam NM, Martínez-Medina A. Induced Local and Systemic Defense Responses in Tomato Underlying Interactions Between the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita and the Potato Aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:632212. [PMID: 33936126 PMCID: PMC8081292 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.632212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants mediate interactions between different herbivores that attack simultaneously or sequentially aboveground (AG) and belowground (BG) organs. The local and systemic activation of hormonal signaling pathways and the concomitant accumulation of defense metabolites underlie such AG-BG interactions. The main plant-mediated mechanisms regulating these reciprocal interactions via local and systemic induced responses remain poorly understood. We investigated the impact of root infection by the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita at different stages of its infection cycle, on tomato leaf defense responses triggered by the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae. In addition, we analyzed the reverse impact of aphid leaf feeding on the root responses triggered by the RKN. We focused specifically on the signaling pathways regulated by the phytohormones jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) as well as steroidal glycoalkaloids as induced defense compounds. We found that aphid feeding did not induce AG hormonal signaling, but it repressed steroidal glycoalkaloids related responses in leaves, specifically when feeding on plants in the vegetative stage. Root infection by the RKN impeded the aphid-triggered repression of the steroidal glycoalkaloids-related response AG. In roots, the RKN triggered the SA pathway during the entire infection cycle and the ABA pathway specifically during its reproduction stage. RKN infection also elicited the steroidal glycoalkaloids related gene expression, specifically when it was in the galling stage. Aphid feeding did not systemically alter the RKN-induced defense responses in roots. Our results point to an asymmetrical interaction between M. incognita and Ma. euphorbiae when co-occurring in tomato plants. Moreover, the RKN seems to determine the root defense response regardless of a later occurring attack by the potato aphid AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispus M. Mbaluto
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität-Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Esraa M. Ahmad
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Anne Mädicke
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität-Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Katharina Grosser
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität-Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Nicole M. van Dam
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität-Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
- Plant-Microorganism Interaction, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
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13
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Getman‐Pickering ZL, Stack GM, Thaler JS. Fertilizer quantity and type alter mycorrhizae‐conferred growth and resistance to herbivores. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - George M. Stack
- Section of Plant Breeding and Genetics Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
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14
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Wang D, Zhou L, Wang Q, Ding J. Plant Chemistry Determines Host Preference and Performance of an Invasive Insect. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:594663. [PMID: 33240306 PMCID: PMC7677259 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.594663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how host plant chemistry affects invasive insects is crucial for determining the physiological mechanism of host use and predicting invasive insect outbreak and damage on hosts. Here, we examined the effects of plant nutrition and defensive chemicals on host preference and performance of adults and larvae of the invasive potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller; Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), on four native (Solanum tuberosum, Nicotiana tabacum, Datura stramonium, and Solanum lycopersicum) and three new (Solanum melongena, Physalis alkekengi, and Lycium barbarum) host plants. We found that adults preferred to oviposit on S. tuberosum and N. tabacum leaves and the soil around these native host plants over other hosts. Larvae performed well on S. tuberosum and N. tabacum, reaching higher pupa weight and having better survival. Larvae performed poorly on S. melongena, S. lycopersicum, P. alkekengi, D. stramonium, and L. barbarum, with lower pupa weight and lower survival. Solanum tuberosum and N. tabacum had higher leaf soluble proteins than other plants and lower leaf total phenolics than S. lycopersicum, D. stramonium, and L. barbarum. Moreover, carbon content and soluble protein were positively associated with larval survival, while defensive traits (lignin and total phenolics) negatively affected larval survival. These findings provide insights into understanding of biochemical mechanisms of interactions between invasive insects and host plants, indicating the importance of considering plant chemistry when assessing invasive insect host use and damage.
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15
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Wang D, Wang Q, Sun X, Gao Y, Ding J. Potato Tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea) Leaf Infestation Effects Performance of Conspecific Larvae on Harvested Tubers by Inducing Chemical Defenses. INSECTS 2020; 11:E633. [PMID: 32942700 PMCID: PMC7564594 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Conspecific aboveground and belowground herbivores can interact with each other, mediated by plant secondary chemicals; however, little attention has been paid to the interaction between leaf feeders and tuber-feeders. Here, we evaluated the effect of the foliar feeding of P. operculella larvae on the development of conspecific larvae feeding on harvested tubers by determining the nutrition and defense metabolites in the whole plant (leaf, root and tuber). We found that leaf feeding negatively affected tuber larval performance by increasing the female larval developmental time and reducing the male pupal weight. In addition, aboveground herbivory increased α-chaconine and glycoalkaloids in tubers and α-solanine in leaves, but decreased α-chaconine and glycoalkaloids in leaves. Aboveground herbivory also altered the levels of soluble sugar, soluble protein, starch, carbon (C), nitrogen (N), as well as the C:N ratio in both leaves and tubers. Aboveground P. operculella infestations could affect the performance of conspecific larvae feeding on harvested tubers by inducing glycoalkaloids in the host plant. Our findings indicate that field leaf herbivory should be considered when assessing the quality of potato tubers and their responses to pests during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; (D.W.); (Q.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Qiyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; (D.W.); (Q.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; (D.W.); (Q.W.); (X.S.)
| | - Yulin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Jianqing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; (D.W.); (Q.W.); (X.S.)
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16
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Mbaluto CM, Ahmad EM, Fu M, Martínez-Medina A, van Dam NM. The impact of Spodoptera exigua herbivory on Meloidogyne incognita-induced root responses depends on the nematodes' life cycle stages. AOB PLANTS 2020; 12:plaa029. [PMID: 32665829 PMCID: PMC7336558 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Induced responses to above-ground and below-ground herbivores may interact via systemic signalling in plants. We investigated whether the impact of above-ground herbivory on root-knot nematode-induced responses depends on the nematode's life cycle stages. Tomato plants were infected with the nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) for 5, 15 or 30 days before receiving Spodoptera exigua caterpillars above-ground. We collected root materials after 24 h of caterpillar feeding. We investigated phytohormones and α-tomatine levels, and the expression of defence and glycoalkaloid metabolism (GAME) marker genes in tomato roots. Nematode infection alone increased the endogenous root levels of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), α-tomatine and the expression of the GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM 1 (GAME1) gene mostly at 30 days post-nematode inoculation. Caterpillar feeding alone upregulated Lipoxygenase D and downregulated Basic-β-1-glucanase and GAME1 expression in roots. On nematode-infected plants, caterpillar feeding decreased JA levels, but it increased the expression of Leucine aminopeptidase A. The induction patterns of ABA and SA suggest that caterpillars cause cross-talk between the JA-signalling pathway and the SA and ABA pathways. Our results show that caterpillar feeding attenuated the induction of the JA pathway triggered by nematodes, mostly in the nematodes' reproduction stage. These results generate a better understanding of the molecular and chemical mechanisms underlying frequent nematode-plant-caterpillar interactions in natural and agricultural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crispus M Mbaluto
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität-Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Esraa M Ahmad
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Melody Fu
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Ainhoa Martínez-Medina
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Plant-Microorganism Interaction Unit, Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nicole M van Dam
- Molecular Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität-Jena, Jena, Germany
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17
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Kundu A, Vadassery J. Chlorogenic acid-mediated chemical defence of plants against insect herbivores. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21:185-189. [PMID: 30521134 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid is one of the most abundant beneficial polyphenols in plants and is well known as a nutritional antioxidant in plant-based foods. Apart from its dietary antioxidant activity, it has been proved to be an efficient defence molecule against a broad range of insect herbivores. In the last two decades, several reports have shown the effectiveness of chlorogenic acid in insect growth deterrence. The pathway for chlorogenic acid biosynthesis in plants was previously elucidated, and metabolic engineering of the principal pathway showed high chlorogenic acid production in tomato plants. Herbivore-mediated induction of chlorogenic acid biosynthesis was also demonstrated both at metabolite and transcript level, although herbivore-mediated molecular regulation of chlorogenic acid biosynthesis is not yet fully elucidated. In this communication, we present our views on the efficacy of chlorogenic acid as an anti-herbivore defence molecule in plants and also discuss its future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kundu
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
| | - J Vadassery
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
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18
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Kumar P, Garrido E, Zhao K, Zheng Y, Alseekh S, Vargas-Ortiz E, Fernie AR, Fei Z, Poveda K, Jander G. Tecia solanivora infestation increases tuber starch accumulation in Pastusa Suprema potatoes. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:1083-1096. [PMID: 29888549 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In response to infestation with larvae of the Guatemalan tuber moth (Tecia solanivora), some Solanum tuberosum (potato) varieties exhibit an overcompensation response, whereby the total dry mass of uninfested tubers is increased. Here, we describe early responses, within the first few days, of T. solanivora feeding, in the Colombian potato variety Pastusa Suprema. Non-targeted metabolite profiling showed significant secondary metabolism changes in T. solanivora-infested tubers, but not in uninfested systemic tubers. In contrast, changes in primary metabolism were greater in uninfested systemic tubers than in the infested tubers, with a notable 80% decline in systemic tuber sucrose levels within 1 d of T. solanivora infestation. This suggested either decreased sucrose transport from the leaves or increased sink strength, i.e., more rapid sucrose to starch conversion in the tubers. Increased sucrose synthesis was indicated by higher rubisco activase and lower starch synthase gene expression in the leaves of infested plants. Elevated sink strength was demonstrated by 45% more total starch deposition in systemic tubers of T. solanivora-infested plants compared to uninfested control plants. Thus, rather than investing in increased defense of uninfested tubers, Pastusa Suprema promotes deposition of photoassimilates in the form of starch as a response to T. solanivora infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Etzel Garrido
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Kun Zhao
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Erandi Vargas-Ortiz
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Katja Poveda
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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19
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Kundu A, Mishra S, Vadassery J. Spodoptera litura-mediated chemical defense is differentially modulated in older and younger systemic leaves of Solanum lycopersicum. PLANTA 2018; 248:981-997. [PMID: 29987372 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolite profiling, biochemical assays, and transcript analysis revealed differential modulation of specific induced defense responses in local, older, and younger systemic leaves in Solanum lycopersicum upon Spodoptera litura herbivory. Plants reconfigure their metabolome upon herbivory to induce production of defense metabolites involved in both direct and indirect defenses against insect herbivores. Herbivory mediated leaf-to-leaf systemic induction pattern of primary and non-volatile secondary metabolites is not well studied in tomato. Here, we show that, in cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum herbivory by generalist insect, Spodoptera litura results in differential alteration of primary metabolites, majorly sugars and amino acids and specific secondary metabolites in local, younger, and older systemic leaves. Cluster analysis of 55 metabolites identified by GC-MS showed correlation between local and younger systemic leaves. Re-allocation of primary metabolites like glucose and amino acids from the local to systemic leaf was observed. Secondary metabolites chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and catechin were significantly induced during herbivory in systemic leaves. Among specific secondary metabolites, chlorogenic acid and catechin significantly inhibits S. litura larval growth in all stages. Local leaf exhibited increased lignin accumulation upon herbivory. Differential alteration of induced defense responses like reactive oxygen species, polyphenol oxidase activity, proteinase inhibitor, cell wall metabolites, and lignin accumulation was observed in systemic leaves. The metabolite alteration also resulted in increased defense in systemic leaves. Thus, comparative analysis of metabolites in local and systemic leaves of tomato revealed a constant re-allocation of primary metabolites to systemic leaves and differential induction of secondary metabolites and induced defenses upon herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Kundu
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, P.O. Box 10531, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shruti Mishra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, P.O. Box 10531, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jyothilakshmi Vadassery
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, P.O. Box 10531, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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20
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Santa JD, Berdugo-Cely J, Cely-Pardo L, Soto-Suárez M, Mosquera T, Galeano M. CH. QTL analysis reveals quantitative resistant loci for Phytophthora infestans and Tecia solanivora in tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199716. [PMID: 29979690 PMCID: PMC6034811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Late blight and Guatemalan potato tuber moth caused by Phytophthora infestans and Tecia solanivora, respectively, are major phytosanitary problems on potato crops in Colombia and Ecuador. Hence, the development of resistant cultivars is an alternative for their control. However, breeding initiatives for durable resistance using molecular tools are limited due to the genome complexity and high heterozygosity in autotetraploid potatoes. To contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis underlying the resistance to P. infestans and T. solanivora in potato, the aim of this study was to identify QTLs for resistance to P. infestans and T. solanivora using a F1 tetraploid potato segregant population for both traits. Ninety-four individuals comprised this population. Parent genotypes and their progeny were genotyped using SOLCAP 12K potato array. Forty-five percent of the markers were polymorphic. A genetic linkage map was built with a length of 968.4 cM and 1,287 SNPs showing good distribution across the genome. Severity and incidence were evaluated in two crop cycles for two years. QTL analysis revealed six QTLs linked to P. infestans, four of these related to previous QTLs reported, and two novel QTLs (qrAUDPC-3 and qrAUDPC-8). Fifteen QTLs were linked to T. solanivora, being qIPC-6 and qOPA-6.1, and qIPC-10 and qIPC-10.1 stable in two different trials. This study is one of the first to identify QTLs for T. solanivora. As the population employed is a breeding population, results will contribute significantly to breeding programs to select resistant plant material, especially in countries where P. infestans and T. solanivora limit potato production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan David Santa
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), C.I. Tibaitatá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jhon Berdugo-Cely
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), C.I. Tibaitatá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Liliana Cely-Pardo
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), C.I. Tibaitatá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Mauricio Soto-Suárez
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), C.I. Tibaitatá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Teresa Mosquera
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos H. Galeano M.
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA), C.I. Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
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21
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Kumar P, Jander G. Concurrent Overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana Cystathionine γ-Synthase and Silencing of Endogenous Methionine γ-Lyase Enhance Tuber Methionine Content in Solanum tuberosum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:2737-2742. [PMID: 28294619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) are deficient in methionine, an essential amino acid in human and animal diets. Higher methionine levels increase the nutritional quality and promote the typically pleasant aroma associated with baked and fried potatoes. Several attempts have been made to elevate tuber methionine levels by genetic engineering of methionine biosynthesis and catabolism. Overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana cystathionine γ-synthase (AtCGS) in S. tuberosum up-regulates a rate-limiting step of methionine biosynthesis and increases tuber methionine levels. Alternatively, silencing S. tuberosum methionine γ-lyase (StMGL), which causes decreased degradation of methionine into 2-ketobutyrate, also increases methionine levels. Concurrently enhancing biosynthesis and reducing degradation were predicted to provide further increases in tuber methionine content. Here we report that S. tuberosum cv. Désirée plants with AtCGS overexpression and StMGL silenced by RNA interference are morphologically normal and accumulate higher free methionine levels than either single-transgenic line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Kumar
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research , 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research , 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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