1
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Liang Z, Tang Z, Zhu C, Li F, Chen S, Han X, Zheng R, Hu X, Lin R, Pei Q, Yin C, Wang J, Tang C, Cao N, Zhao J, Wang R, Li X, Luo N, Wen Q, Yu J, Li J, Xia X, Zheng X, Wang X, Huang N, Zhong Z, Mo C, Chen P, Wang Y, Fan J, Guo Y, Zhong H, Liu J, Peng Z, Mao H, Shi GP, Bonventre JV, Chen W, Zhou Y. Intestinal CXCR6 + ILC3s migrate to the kidney and exacerbate renal fibrosis via IL-23 receptor signaling enhanced by PD-1 expression. Immunity 2024; 57:1306-1323.e8. [PMID: 38815582 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) regulate inflammation and tissue repair at mucosal sites, but whether these functions pertain to other tissues-like the kidneys-remains unclear. Here, we observed that renal fibrosis in humans was associated with increased ILC3s in the kidneys and blood. In mice, we showed that CXCR6+ ILC3s rapidly migrated from the intestinal mucosa and accumulated in the kidney via CXCL16 released from the injured tubules. Within the fibrotic kidney, ILC3s increased the expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and subsequent IL-17A production to directly activate myofibroblasts and fibrotic niche formation. ILC3 expression of PD-1 inhibited IL-23R endocytosis and consequently amplified the JAK2/STAT3/RORγt/IL-17A pathway that was essential for the pro-fibrogenic effect of ILC3s. Thus, we reveal a hitherto unrecognized migration pathway of ILC3s from the intestine to the kidney and the PD-1-dependent function of ILC3s in promoting renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziwen Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Changjian Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuaijiabin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ruilin Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xinrong Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ruoni Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Pei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Changjun Yin
- Precision Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Precision Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ce Tang
- Precision Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Nan Cao
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ning Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiong Wen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianwen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xi Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Naya Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhong Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chengqiang Mo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Peisong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinjin Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haojie Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhenwei Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haiping Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Department of Nephrology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Möckel T, Boegel S, Schwarting A. Transcriptome Analysis of BAFF/BAFF-R System in Murine Nephrotoxic Serum Nephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5415. [PMID: 38791453 PMCID: PMC11121395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging cause for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute kidney injury (AKI) can transition to CKD and finally to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Targeted treatment is still unavailable. NF-κB signaling is associated with CKD and activated by B cell activating factor (BAFF) via BAFF-R binding. In turn, renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are critical for the progression of fibrosis and producing BAFF. Therefore, the direct involvement of the BAFF/BAFF-R system to the pathogenesis of CKD is conceivable. We performed non-accelerated nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTN) as the CKD model in BAFF KO (B6.129S2-Tnfsf13btm1Msc/J), BAFF-R KO (B6(Cg)-Tnfrsf13ctm1Mass/J) and wildtype (C57BL/6J) mice to analyze the BAFF/BAFF-R system in anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease using high throughput RNA sequencing. We found that BAFF signaling is directly involved in the upregulation of collagen III as BAFF ko mice showed a reduced expression. However, these effects were not mediated via BAFF-R. We identified several upregulated genes that could explain the effects of BAFF in chronic kidney injury such as Txnip, Gpx3, Igfbp7, Ccn2, Kap, Umod and Ren1. Thus, we conclude that targeted treatment with anti-BAFF drugs such as belimumab may reduce chronic kidney damage. Furthermore, upregulated genes may be useful prognostic CKD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Möckel
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Sebastian Boegel
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Andreas Schwarting
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.M.); (S.B.)
- Center for Rheumatic Disease Rhineland-Palatinate GmbH, 55543 Bad Kreuznach, Germany
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3
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Marstrand-Jørgensen AB, Sembach FE, Bak ST, Ougaard M, Christensen-Dalsgaard M, Rønn Madsen M, Jensen DM, Secher T, Heimbürger SMN, Fink LN, Hansen D, Hansen HH, Østergaard MV, Christensen M, Dalbøge LS. Shared and Distinct Renal Transcriptome Signatures in 3 Standard Mouse Models of Chronic Kidney Disease. Nephron Clin Pract 2024; 148:487-502. [PMID: 38354720 DOI: 10.1159/000535918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several mouse models with diverse disease etiologies are used in preclinical research for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, we performed a head-to-head comparison of renal transcriptome signatures in standard mouse models of CKD to assess shared and distinct molecular changes in three mouse models commonly employed in preclinical CKD research and drug discovery. METHODS All experiments were conducted on male C57BL/6J mice. Mice underwent sham, unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO), or unilateral ischemic-reperfusion injury (uIRI) surgery and were terminated two- and 6-weeks post-surgery, respectively. The adenine-supplemented diet-induced (ADI) model of CKD was established by feeding with adenine diet for 6 weeks and compared to control diet feeding. For all models, endpoints included plasma biochemistry, kidney histology, and RNA sequencing. RESULTS All models displayed increased macrophage infiltration (F4/80 IHC) and fibrosis (collagen 1a1 IHC). Compared to corresponding controls, all models were characterized by an extensive number of renal differentially expressed genes (≥11,000), with a notable overlap in transcriptomic signatures across models. Gene expression markers of fibrosis, inflammation, and kidney injury supported histological findings. Interestingly, model-specific transcriptome signatures included several genes representing current drug targets for CKD, emphasizing advantages and limitations of the three CKD models in preclinical target and drug discovery. CONCLUSION The UUO, uIRI, and ADI mouse models of CKD have significant commonalities in their renal global transcriptome profile. Model-specific renal transcriptional signatures should be considered when selecting the specific model in preclinical target and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Thomas Secher
- Gubra A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Cell Imaging and Pharmacology, Cell Therapy R&D, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Lisbeth N Fink
- Gubra A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
- Biotherapeutics Screening, Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Kastrup, Denmark
| | - Ditte Hansen
- Department of Nephrology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Nørregaard R, Mutsaers HAM, Frøkiær J, Kwon TH. Obstructive nephropathy and molecular pathophysiology of renal interstitial fibrosis. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2827-2872. [PMID: 37440209 PMCID: PMC10642920 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidneys play a key role in maintaining total body homeostasis. The complexity of this task is reflected in the unique architecture of the organ. Ureteral obstruction greatly affects renal physiology by altering hemodynamics, changing glomerular filtration and renal metabolism, and inducing architectural malformations of the kidney parenchyma, most importantly renal fibrosis. Persisting pathological changes lead to chronic kidney disease, which currently affects ∼10% of the global population and is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Studies on the consequences of ureteral obstruction date back to the 1800s. Even today, experimental unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) remains the standard model for tubulointerstitial fibrosis. However, the model has certain limitations when it comes to studying tubular injury and repair, as well as a limited potential for human translation. Nevertheless, ureteral obstruction has provided the scientific community with a wealth of knowledge on renal (patho)physiology. With the introduction of advanced omics techniques, the classical UUO model has remained relevant to this day and has been instrumental in understanding renal fibrosis at the molecular, genomic, and cellular levels. This review details key concepts and recent advances in the understanding of obstructive nephropathy, highlighting the pathophysiological hallmarks responsible for the functional and architectural changes induced by ureteral obstruction, with a special emphasis on renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen Frøkiær
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tae-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
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Calvert ND, Kirby A, Suchý M, Pallister P, Torrens AA, Burger D, Melkus G, Schieda N, Shuhendler AJ. Direct mapping of kidney function by DCE-MRI urography using a tetrazinanone organic radical contrast agent. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3965. [PMID: 37407664 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39720-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) are ongoing global health burdens. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the gold standard measure of kidney function, with clinical estimates providing a global assessment of kidney health without spatial information of kidney- or region-specific dysfunction. The addition of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to the anatomical imaging already performed would yield a 'one-stop-shop' for renal assessment in cases of suspected AKI and CKD. Towards urography by DCE-MRI, we evaluated a class of nitrogen-centered organic radicals known as verdazyls, which are extremely stable even in highly reducing environments. A glucose-modified verdazyl, glucoverdazyl, provided contrast limited to kidney and bladder, affording functional kidney evaluation in mouse models of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and folic acid-induced nephropathy (FAN). Imaging outcomes correlated with histology and hematology assessing kidney dysfunction, and glucoverdazyl clearance rates were found to be a reliable surrogate measure of GFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Calvert
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alexia Kirby
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Mojmír Suchý
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Peter Pallister
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Aidan A Torrens
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research Center, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Gerd Melkus
- Dept. Medical Imaging, The Ottawa Hospital, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Dept. Radiology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Nicola Schieda
- Dept. Radiology, University of Ottawa, 501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Adam J Shuhendler
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada.
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin St., Ottawa, Ontario, K1Y 4W7, Canada.
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Rende U, Ahn SB, Adhikari S, Moh ESX, Pollock CA, Saad S, Guller A. Deciphering the Kidney Matrisome: Identification and Quantification of Renal Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Healthy Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032827. [PMID: 36769148 PMCID: PMC9917693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise characterization of a tissue's extracellular matrix (ECM) protein composition (matrisome) is essential for biomedicine. However, ECM protein extraction that requires organ-specific optimization is still a major limiting factor in matrisome studies. In particular, the matrisome of mouse kidneys is still understudied, despite mouse models being crucial for renal research. Here, we comprehensively characterized the matrisome of kidneys in healthy C57BL/6 mice using two ECM extraction methods in combination with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), protein identification, and label-free quantification (LFQ) using MaxQuant. We identified 113 matrisome proteins, including 22 proteins that have not been previously listed in the Matrisome Database. Depending on the extraction approach, the core matrisome (structural proteins) comprised 45% or 73% of kidney ECM proteins, and was dominated by glycoproteins, followed by collagens and proteoglycans. Among matrisome-associated proteins, ECM regulators had the highest LFQ intensities, followed by ECM-affiliated proteins and secreted factors. The identified kidney ECM proteins were primarily involved in cellular, developmental and metabolic processes, as well as in molecular binding and regulation of catalytic and structural molecules' activity. We also performed in silico comparative analysis of the kidney matrisome composition in humans and mice based on publicly available data. These results contribute to the first reference database for the mouse renal matrisome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Rende
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Seong Beom Ahn
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Subash Adhikari
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
- Advanced Technology and Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Edward S. X. Moh
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Anna Guller
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, The Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Soomro A, Khajehei M, Li R, O’Neil K, Zhang D, Gao B, MacDonald M, Kakoki M, Krepinsky JC. A therapeutic target for CKD: activin A facilitates TGFβ1 profibrotic signaling. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:10. [PMID: 36717814 PMCID: PMC9885651 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TGFβ1 is a major profibrotic mediator in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Its direct inhibition, however, is limited by adverse effects. Inhibition of activins, also members of the TGFβ superfamily, blocks TGFβ1 profibrotic effects, but the mechanism underlying this and the specific activin(s) involved are unknown. METHODS Cells were treated with TGFβ1 or activins A/B. Activins were inhibited generally with follistatin, or specifically with neutralizing antibodies or type I receptor downregulation. Cytokine levels, signaling and profibrotic responses were assessed with ELISA, immunofluorescence, immunoblotting and promoter luciferase reporters. Wild-type or TGFβ1-overexpressing mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) were treated with an activin A neutralizing antibody. RESULTS In primary mesangial cells, TGFβ1 induces secretion primarily of activin A, which enables longer-term profibrotic effects by enhancing Smad3 phosphorylation and transcriptional activity. This results from lack of cell refractoriness to activin A, unlike that for TGFβ1, and promotion of TGFβ type II receptor expression. Activin A also supports transcription through regulating non-canonical MRTF-A activation. TGFβ1 additionally induces secretion of activin A, but not B, from tubular cells, and activin A neutralization prevents the TGFβ1 profibrotic response in renal fibroblasts. Fibrosis induced by UUO is inhibited by activin A neutralization in wild-type mice. Worsened fibrosis in TGFβ1-overexpressing mice is associated with increased renal activin A expression and is inhibited to wild-type levels with activin A neutralization. CONCLUSIONS Activin A facilitates TGFβ1 profibrotic effects through regulation of both canonical (Smad3) and non-canonical (MRTF-A) signaling, suggesting it may be a novel therapeutic target for preventing fibrosis in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfia Soomro
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Mohammad Khajehei
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Renzhong Li
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Kian O’Neil
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Dan Zhang
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Bo Gao
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Melissa MacDonald
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Masao Kakoki
- grid.410711.20000 0001 1034 1720Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Joan C. Krepinsky
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada ,grid.416721.70000 0001 0742 7355St. Joseph’s Hospital, 50 Charlton Ave East, Rm T3311, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6 Canada
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Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010088. [PMID: 36611880 PMCID: PMC9818928 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney contains many mitochondria that generate ATP to provide energy for cellular processes. Oxidative stress injury can be caused by impaired mitochondria with excessive levels of reactive oxygen species. Accumulating evidence has indicated a relationship between oxidative stress and kidney diseases, and revealed new insights into mitochondria-targeted therapeutics for renal injury. Improving mitochondrial homeostasis, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis, and balancing mitochondrial turnover has the potential to protect renal function against oxidative stress. Although there are some reviews that addressed this issue, the articles summarizing the relationship between mitochondria-targeted effects and the risk factors of renal failure are still few. In this review, we integrate recent studies on oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in kidney diseases, especially chronic kidney disease. We organized the causes and risk factors of oxidative stress in the kidneys based in their mitochondria-targeted effects. This review also listed the possible candidates for clinical therapeutics of kidney diseases by modulating mitochondrial function.
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9
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Polyphenol-rich açaí seed extract exhibits reno-protective and anti-fibrotic activities in renal tubular cells and mice with kidney failure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20855. [PMID: 36460743 PMCID: PMC9718837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to evaluate the reno-protective effects of a phenolic-rich Açaí seed extract (ASE) in mice with kidney failure. Kidney failure was induced chemically with an adenine-rich diet (0.25% w/w for 4 weeks) in male CD1 Swiss mice. Mice were then provided daily with ASE (at a dose of ~ 350 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for 4 weeks. Adenine mice exhibited renal dysfunction evidenced by increased proteinuria, increased uremia, extensive tubular atrophy and kidney fibrosis associated with overexpression of pro-fibrotic genes (collagen 1a1, transforming growth factor β1, TGF-β1) and markers of tubular injury (such as Kidney injury molecule-1, KIM-1). ASE was able to beneficially counteract all these effects. ASE improved oxidative damage and fibrosis by decreasing carbonylated protein and MDA concentrations, as well as collagen deposition in renal tissue. ASE decreased the expression of TGF-β1 gene and the abundance of protein TGF-β1 in kidneys. It further decreased both expression and urinary excretion of tubular injury biomarkers, e.g., KIM-1 and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. CKD ASE-treated mice exhibited higher polyphenol content and total antioxidant capacity compared to control mice. ASE further prevented the expression of profibrotic genes in HK2 human tubular cells exposed to uremic toxins. Taken together, these findings suggest that ASE exerted potent reno-protective and anti-fibrotic effects through its antioxidant activity and the modulation of the TGF-β1 pathway.
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10
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Larkin BP, Nguyen LT, Hou M, Glastras SJ, Chen H, Faiz A, Chen J, Wang R, Pollock CA, Saad S. Low-dose hydralazine reduces albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis in a mouse model of obesity-related chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Obes Metab 2022; 24:1939-1949. [PMID: 35635331 PMCID: PMC9544807 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine, using a mouse model of obesity, whether low-dose hydralazine prevents obesity-related chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS From 8 weeks of age, male C57BL/6 mice received a high-fat diet (HFD) or chow, with or without low-dose hydralazine (25 mg/L) in drinking water, for 24 weeks. Biometric and metabolic variables, renal function and structural changes, renal global DNA methylation, DNA methylation profile and markers of renal fibrosis, injury, inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed. RESULTS The HFD-fed mice developed obesity, with glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia and dyslipidaemia. Obesity increased albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, which were significantly ameliorated by low-dose hydralazine in the absence of a blood pressure-lowering effect. Obesity increased renal global DNA methylation and this was attenuated by low-dose hydralazine. HFD-induced changes in methylation of individual loci were also significantly reversed by low-dose hydralazine. Obese mice demonstrated increased markers of kidney fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress, but these markers were not significantly improved by hydralazine. CONCLUSION Low-dose hydralazine ameliorated HFD-induced albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis, independent of alterations in biometric and metabolic variables or blood pressure regulation. Although the precise mechanism of renoprotection in obesity is unclear, an epigenetic basis may be implicated. These data support repurposing hydralazine as a novel therapy to prevent CKD progression in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Larkin
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Long T. Nguyen
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Miao Hou
- Department of CardiologyChildren′s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsuChina
| | - Sarah J. Glastras
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- Department of DiabetesEndocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore HospitalSydneyAustralia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Alen Faiz
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Jason Chen
- Department of Anatomical PathologyRoyal North Shore HospitalSt LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Rosy Wang
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
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11
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So BYF, Yap DYH, Chan TM. Circular RNAs in Acute Kidney Injury: Roles in Pathophysiology and Implications for Clinical Management. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158509. [PMID: 35955644 PMCID: PMC9369393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical condition, results in patient morbidity and mortality, and incurs considerable health care costs. Sepsis, ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and drug nephrotoxicity are the leading causes. Mounting evidence suggests that perturbations in circular RNAs (circRNAs) are observed in AKI of various aetiologies, and have pathogenic significance. Aberrant circRNA expressions can cause altered intracellular signalling, exaggerated oxidative stress, increased cellular apoptosis, excess inflammation, and tissue injury in AKI due to sepsis or IRI. While circRNAs are dysregulated in drug-induced AKI, their roles in pathogenesis are less well-characterised. CircRNAs also show potential for clinical application in diagnosis, prognostication, monitoring, and treatment. Prospective observational studies are needed to investigate the role of circRNAs in the clinical management of AKI, with special focus on the safety of therapeutic interventions targeting circRNAs and the avoidance of untoward off-target effects.
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12
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Chen Z, Wu S, Zeng Y, Chen Z, Li X, Li J, He L, Chen M. FuZhengHuaYuJiangZhuTongLuoFang Prescription Modulates Gut Microbiota and Gut-Derived Metabolites in UUO Rats. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:837205. [PMID: 35669118 PMCID: PMC9165620 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.837205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alteration of intestinal flora and metabolites is closely related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) across early to advanced stages. FuZhengHuaYuJiangZhuTongLuoFang prescription (FZHY) is a Chinese herb that has been proven to effectively treat CKD, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Methods Rats were subjected to intragastric treatment with FZHY 7, 14, and 21 days after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) surgery, and kidney tissue, colon tissue, serum, and stool samples were collected. Results FZHY treatment effectively ameliorated UUO-induced renal function loss, renal injury and renal fibrosis, and colon tissue damage and fibrosis on day 7. The results of 16S flora analysis (day 7) showed that, compared with the UUO group, both the FZHY group and the sham group showed decreased levels of g_Monoglobus, g_Papillibacter, g_Eubacterium_nodatum, and g_Family_XIII_AD3011. Additionally, FZHY obviously induced the reduction of serum citrulline, glycoursodeoxycholic acid, 23-nordeoxycholic acid, 7-ketodeoxycholic acid, kahweol, lipoid B4, 4-(3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-7-yl)-2-methyl-1,3-thiazole, taurolithocholic acid sodium salt, indoline-2-carboxylic acid, 5(S),15(S)-diHETE, and others and the increase of bilirubin, asparagine, and others, which were positively associated with the above four candidate bacteria. Moreover, FZHY increased the levels of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1 in the colonic mucosa and reduced the levels of CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 in the serum and LN, FN, Col-I, and Col-III in the tubulointerstitium of UUO rats on day 7. Conclusion Our study revealed that FZHY reduced kidney damage at the early stage of CKD by regulating the above four candidate bacteria biomarkers and gut-derived harmful metabolites, inhibiting the inflammation response and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, providing deep insight into CKD therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaobo Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zejun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueying Li
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Long He
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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13
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Hydroxychloroquine alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 610:154-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Zhang T, He X, Caldwell L, Goru SK, Ulloa Severino L, Tolosa MF, Misra PS, McEvoy CM, Christova T, Liu Y, Atin C, Zhang J, Hu C, Vukosa N, Chen X, Krizova A, Kirpalani A, Gregorieff A, Ni R, Chan K, Gill MK, Attisano L, Wrana JL, Yuen DA. NUAK1 promotes organ fibrosis via YAP and TGF-β/SMAD signaling. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eaaz4028. [PMID: 35320001 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz4028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a central pathway that drives progression of multiple chronic diseases, yet few safe and effective clinical antifibrotic therapies exist. In most fibrotic disorders, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-driven scarring is an important pathologic feature and a key contributor to disease progression. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are two closely related transcription cofactors that are important for coordinating fibrogenesis after organ injury, but how they are activated in response to tissue injury has, so far, remained unclear. Here, we describe NUAK family kinase 1 (NUAK1) as a TGF-β-inducible profibrotic kinase that is up-regulated in multiple fibrotic organs in mice and humans. Mechanistically, we show that TGF-β induces a rapid increase in NUAK1 in fibroblasts. NUAK1, in turn, can promote profibrotic YAP and TGF-β/SMAD signaling, ultimately leading to organ scarring. Moreover, activated YAP and TAZ can induce further NUAK1 expression, creating a profibrotic positive feedback loop that enables persistent fibrosis. Using mouse models of kidney, lung, and liver fibrosis, we demonstrate that this fibrogenic signaling loop can be interrupted via fibroblast-specific loss of NUAK1 expression, leading to marked attenuation of fibrosis. Pharmacologic NUAK1 inhibition also reduced scarring, either when initiated immediately after injury or when initiated after fibrosis was already established. Together, our data suggest that NUAK1 plays a critical, previously unrecognized role in fibrogenesis and represents an attractive target for strategies that aim to slow fibrotic disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhou Zhang
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Unity Health Toronto) and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Xiaolin He
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Unity Health Toronto) and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Lauren Caldwell
- Center for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Santosh Kumar Goru
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Unity Health Toronto) and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Luisa Ulloa Severino
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Unity Health Toronto) and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Monica F Tolosa
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Unity Health Toronto) and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Paraish S Misra
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Unity Health Toronto) and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Caitríona M McEvoy
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Unity Health Toronto) and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Tania Christova
- Donnelly Centre and Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yong Liu
- Ontario Institute of Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G OA3, Canada
| | - Cassandra Atin
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Unity Health Toronto) and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Johnny Zhang
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Unity Health Toronto) and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Catherine Hu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Unity Health Toronto) and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Noah Vukosa
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Unity Health Toronto) and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Unity Health Toronto) and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Adriana Krizova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, School of Graduate Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anish Kirpalani
- Department of Medical Imaging, St. Michael's Hospital (Unity Health Toronto) and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Alex Gregorieff
- Center for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Ruoyu Ni
- Center for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Kin Chan
- Center for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Mandeep K Gill
- Donnelly Centre and Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Liliana Attisano
- Donnelly Centre and Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Center for Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Darren A Yuen
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital (Unity Health Toronto) and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1T8, Canada
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15
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Nobiletin Alleviates Ferroptosis-Associated Renal Injury, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in a Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction Mouse Model. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030595. [PMID: 35327397 PMCID: PMC8944974 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nobiletin (Nob), a critical active flavonoid of citrus fruits, has received attention for its superior physical functions, which have shown to improve the progression of diseases. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is recognized as a global health problem, and its mortality and morbidity rates are worsened with an increased risk of accompanying disorders. In this study, we aimed to elucidate whether Nob treatment ameliorates kidney fibrosis and also to identify the potential signaling networks in a unilateral ureteral obstructive (UUO) mouse model, which was used to mimic the progression of CKD. Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were orally treated with 50 mg/kg of Nob for 14 constitutive days after UUO surgery. We found that the administration of Nob diminished kidney fibrosis and the expression of EMT markers, ameliorated oxidative stress and ferroptosis-associated injury, and mitigated the inflammatory response in the kidneys of UUO mice. Our results suggested that Nob treatment has antiferroptosis, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects, improving the progression of CKD in UUO mice. Nob may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for the improvement of progressive CKD in further studies.
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16
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Williams RM, Shah J, Mercer E, Tian HS, Thompson V, Cheung JM, Dorso M, Kubala JM, Gudas LJ, de Stanchina E, Jaimes EA, Heller DA. Kidney-Targeted Redox Scavenger Therapy Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:790913. [PMID: 35046813 PMCID: PMC8762298 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.790913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a significant co-morbidity of chemotherapeutic regimens. While this condition is associated with substantially lower survival and increased economic burden, there is no pharmacological agent to effectively treat CI-AKI. The disease is hallmarked by acute tubular necrosis of the proximal tubular epithelial cells primarily due to increased oxidative stress. We investigated a drug delivery strategy to improve the pharmacokinetics of an approved therapy that does not normally demonstrate appreciable efficacy in CI-AKI, as a preventive intervention. In prior work, we developed a kidney-selective mesoscale nanoparticle (MNP) that targets the renal proximal tubular epithelium. Here, we found that the nanoparticles target the kidneys in a mouse model of CI-AKI with significant damage. We evaluated MNPs loaded with the reactive oxygen species scavenger edaravone, currently used to treat stroke and ALS. We found a marked and significant therapeutic benefit with edaravone-loaded MNPs, including improved renal function, which we demonstrated was likely due to a decrease in tubular epithelial cell damage and death imparted by the specific delivery of edaravone. The results suggest that renal-selective edaravone delivery holds potential for the prevention of acute kidney injury among patients undergoing cisplatin-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Williams
- The City College of New York Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York, NY, United States.,Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Janki Shah
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth Mercer
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Helen S Tian
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vanessa Thompson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Justin M Cheung
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Madeline Dorso
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jaclyn M Kubala
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Edgar A Jaimes
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel A Heller
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
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17
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Gao J, Wu L, Zhao Y, Hong Q, Feng Z, Chen X. Cxcl10 deficiency attenuates renal interstitial fibrosis through regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Exp Cell Res 2022; 410:112965. [PMID: 34896075 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10, CXCL10) has been widely demonstrated to be involved in multiple kidney pathological processes. However, the role of CXCL10 in renal fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, Cxcl10-deficient (Cxcl10-/-) mice were used to generate the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. The level of renal fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration was examined in vivo and the effects of CXCL10 on EMT process of HK-2 cells was investigated in vitro. We observed that the injury degree of renal tissue and the collagen deposition levels were lighter and the expression of α-SMA, collagen I and fibronectin was significantly reduced in Cxcl10-/- mice, while the expression of E-cadherin was increased. However, interstitial F4/80-positive macrophages and CD4-positive T lymphocytes were unaffected by knockout of Cxcl10. Furthermore, IFN-γ or CXCL10 stimulation could obviously promote the expression of α-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin and reduce the expression of E-cadherin in HK-2 cells, which could be inhibited by transfection of Cxcl10-siRNA. Our findings suggested Cxcl10 knockout could reduce renal dysfunction and inhibit renal fibrosis through regulating EMT process of renal tubular epithelial cells in murine UUO model. These results may provide a novel insight into the mechanism and a potential therapy target of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China; Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jingwu Road 324, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yinghua Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhe Feng
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China.
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18
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Sun Y, Cai H, Ge J, Shao F, Huang Z, Ding Z, Dong L, Chen J, Zhang J, Zang Y. Tubule-derived INHBB promotes interstitial fibroblast activation and renal fibrosis. J Pathol 2022; 256:25-37. [PMID: 34543458 DOI: 10.1002/path.5798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Upstream stimuli for myofibroblast activation are of considerable interest for understanding the mechanisms underlying renal fibrosis. Activin B, a member of the TGF-β family, exists as a homodimer of inhibin subunit beta B (INHBB), but its role in renal fibrosis remains unknown. We found that INHBB expression was significantly increased in various renal fibrosis models and human chronic kidney disease specimens with renal fibrosis. Notably, the increase of INHBB occurred mainly in the tubular epithelial cells (TECs). In vivo, inhibiting INHBB blocked the activation of interstitial fibroblasts and ameliorated the renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction or ischemia-reperfusion injury, while ectopic expression of INHBB in the TECs was able to activate interstitial fibroblasts and initiate interstitial fibrosis. In vitro, overexpression of INHBB in TECs led to the secretion of activin B, thereby promoting the proliferation and activation of interstitial fibroblasts through activin B/Smad signaling. Furthermore, inhibition of activin B/Smad signaling attenuated the fibrotic response caused by tubular INHBB. Mechanistically, the upregulation of INHBB depended on the transcription factor Sox9 in the injured TECs. Clinical analyses also identified a positive correlation between Sox9 and INHBB expression in human specimens, suggesting the Sox9/INHBB axis as a positive regulator of renal fibrosis. In conclusion, tubule-derived INHBB is implicated in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis by activating the surrounding fibroblasts in a paracrine manner, thereby exhibiting as a potential therapeutic target. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Huimin Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jia Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Fang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhi Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jiangning Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuhui Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
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Chen CM, Lin CY, Chung YP, Liu CH, Huang KT, Guan SS, Wu CT, Liu SH. Protective Effects of Nootkatone on Renal Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Fibrosis in a Unilateral Ureteral Obstructive Mouse Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113921. [PMID: 34836176 PMCID: PMC8621682 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nootkatone is one of the major active ingredients of Alpiniae oxyphyllae, which has been used as both food and medicinal plants for the treatment of diarrhea, ulceration, and enuresis. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether nootkatone treatment ameliorated the progression of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) and clarified its underlying mechanisms in an obstructive nephropathy (unilateral ureteral obstructive; UUO) mouse model. Our results revealed that nootkatone treatment preventively decreased the pathological changes and significantly mitigated the collagen deposition as well as the protein expression of fibrotic markers. Nootkatone could also alleviate oxidative stress-induced injury, inflammatory cell infiltration, and renal cell apoptotic death in the kidneys of UUO mice. These results demonstrated for the first time that nootkatone protected against the progression of CKD in a UUO mouse model. It may serve as a potential therapeutic candidate for CKD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mu Chen
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Yu Lin
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.C.)
| | - Yao-Pang Chung
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.C.)
| | - Chia-Hung Liu
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11041, Taiwan;
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11041, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tong Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan;
| | - Siao-Syun Guan
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Tien Wu
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Master Program of Food and Drug Safety, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-T.W.); (S.-H.L.); Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 7525) (C.-T.W.); +886-2-23123456 (ext. 88605) (S.-H.L.)
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10051, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-P.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Department of Paediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-T.W.); (S.-H.L.); Tel.: +886-4-22053366 (ext. 7525) (C.-T.W.); +886-2-23123456 (ext. 88605) (S.-H.L.)
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20
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Droebner K, Pavkovic M, Grundmann M, Hartmann E, Goea L, Nordlohne J, Klar J, Eitner F, Kolkhof P. Direct Blood Pressure-Independent Anti-Fibrotic Effects by the Selective Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Finerenone in Progressive Models of Kidney Fibrosis. Am J Nephrol 2021; 52:588-601. [PMID: 34515038 DOI: 10.1159/000518254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist finerenone and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have demonstrated clinical benefits in chronic kidney disease patients with type 2 diabetes. Precise molecular mechanisms responsible for these benefits are incompletely understood. Here, we investigated potential direct anti-fibrotic effects and mechanisms of nonsteroidal MR antagonism by finerenone or SGLT2 inhibition by empagliflozin in 2 relevant mouse kidney fibrosis models: unilateral ureter obstruction and sub-chronic ischemia reperfusion injury. METHODS Kidney fibrosis was induced in mice via unilateral ureteral obstruction or ischemia. In a series of experiments, mice were treated orally with the MR antagonist finerenone (3 or 10 mg/kg), the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin (10 or 30 mg/kg), or in a direct comparison of both drugs. Interstitial myofibroblast accumulation was quantified via alpha-smooth muscle actin and interstitial collagen deposition via Sirius Red/Fast Green staining in both models. Secondary analyses included the assessment of inflammatory cells, kidney mRNA expression of fibrotic markers as well as functional parameters (serum creatinine and albuminuria) in the ischemic model. Blood pressure was measured via telemetry in healthy conscious compound-treated animals. RESULTS Finerenone dose-dependently decreased pathological myofibroblast accumulation and collagen deposition with no effects on systemic blood pressure and inflammatory markers in the tested dose range. Reduced kidney fibrosis was paralleled by reduced kidney plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and naked cuticle 2 (NKD2) expression in finerenone-treated mice. In contrast, treatment with empagliflozin strongly increased urinary glucose excretion in both models and reduced ischemia-induced albuminuria but had no effects on kidney myofibroblasts or collagen deposition. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Finerenone has direct anti-fibrotic properties resulting in reduced myofibroblast and collagen deposition accompanied by a reduction in renal PAI-1 and NKD2 expression in mouse models of progressive kidney fibrosis at blood pressure-independent dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Droebner
- Cardiovascular Research, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mira Pavkovic
- Biomarker Research, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Manuel Grundmann
- Cardiovascular Research, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Elke Hartmann
- Research Pathology, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Laura Goea
- Cardiovascular Research, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Johannes Nordlohne
- Cardiovascular Research, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jürgen Klar
- Cardiovascular Research, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Frank Eitner
- Cardiovascular Research, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Peter Kolkhof
- Cardiovascular Research, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
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21
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Huang J, Tang D, Zheng F, Xu H, Dai Y. Comprehensive analysis of lysine crotonylation modification in patients with chronic renal failure. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:310. [PMID: 34517817 PMCID: PMC8439085 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02445-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are at the heart of many cellular signaling events, which changes the function of protein. Crotonylation, one of the most important and common PTMs, plays a crucial role in the regulation of various biological processes. However, no study has evaluated the role of lysine crotonylation modification in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients. METHODS Here, we comparatively evaluated the crotonylation proteome of normal controls and chronic renal failure patients using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) coupled with highly sensitive immune-affinity purification. RESULTS A total of 1109 lysine modification sites were identified, of which 772 sites were up-regulated and 69 sites were down-regulated. This suggested that crotonylation modification maintains high levels in the patients with chronic renal failure. Gene ontology(GO) enrichment analysis showed that the crotonylated proteins were significantly enriched in the platelet alpha granule lumen, platelet degradulation, and cell adhesion molecule binding. In addition, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)-based functional enrichment analysis in the Kyoto encyclopedia showed that crotonylated protein was enriched in CD36, which is closely linked to renal failure. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of the global crotonylation proteome in chronic renal failure patients. Crotonylation of histone and non-histone may play important roles in delaying the continuous deterioration of renal function in patients with chronic renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuang Huang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease,, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital,, Guangdong, 518020, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease,, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital,, Guangdong, 518020, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Fengping Zheng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease,, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital,, Guangdong, 518020, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Huixuan Xu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease,, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital,, Guangdong, 518020, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease,, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen People's Hospital,, Guangdong, 518020, Shenzhen, P.R. China.
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22
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Higgins CE, Tang J, Higgins SP, Gifford CC, Mian BM, Jones DM, Zhang W, Costello A, Conti DJ, Samarakoon R, Higgins PJ. The Genomic Response to TGF-β1 Dictates Failed Repair and Progression of Fibrotic Disease in the Obstructed Kidney. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678524. [PMID: 34277620 PMCID: PMC8284093 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a common and diagnostic hallmark of a spectrum of chronic renal disorders. While the etiology varies as to the causative nature of the underlying pathology, persistent TGF-β1 signaling drives the relentless progression of renal fibrotic disease. TGF-β1 orchestrates the multifaceted program of kidney fibrogenesis involving proximal tubular dysfunction, failed epithelial recovery or re-differentiation, capillary collapse and subsequent interstitial fibrosis eventually leading to chronic and ultimately end-stage disease. An increasing complement of non-canonical elements function as co-factors in TGF-β1 signaling. p53 is a particularly prominent transcriptional co-regulator of several TGF-β1 fibrotic-response genes by complexing with TGF-β1 receptor-activated SMADs. This cooperative p53/TGF-β1 genomic cluster includes genes involved in cellular proliferative control, survival, apoptosis, senescence, and ECM remodeling. While the molecular basis for this co-dependency remains to be determined, a subset of TGF-β1-regulated genes possess both p53- and SMAD-binding motifs. Increases in p53 expression and phosphorylation, moreover, are evident in various forms of renal injury as well as kidney allograft rejection. Targeted reduction of p53 levels by pharmacologic and genetic approaches attenuates expression of the involved genes and mitigates the fibrotic response confirming a key role for p53 in renal disorders. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying TGF-β1-induced renal fibrosis largely in the context of ureteral obstruction, which mimics the pathophysiology of pediatric unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and the role of p53 as a transcriptional regulator within the TGF-β1 repertoire of fibrosis-promoting genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E. Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Stephen P. Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Cody C. Gifford
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Badar M. Mian
- The Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, Albany, NY, United States
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - David M. Jones
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Angelica Costello
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - David J. Conti
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Rohan Samarakoon
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Paul J. Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
- The Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, Albany, NY, United States
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
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23
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Caffeic Acid, One of the Major Phenolic Acids of the Medicinal Plant Antirhea borbonica, Reduces Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040358. [PMID: 33808509 PMCID: PMC8065974 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The renal fibrotic process is characterized by a chronic inflammatory state and oxidative stress. Antirhea borbonica (A. borbonica) is a French medicinal plant found in Reunion Island and known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities mostly related to its high polyphenols content. We investigated whether oral administration of polyphenol-rich extract from A. borbonica could exert in vivo a curative anti-renal fibrosis effect. To this aim, three days after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), mice were daily orally treated either with a non-toxic dose of polyphenol-rich extract from A. borbonica or with caffeic acid (CA) for 5 days. The polyphenol-rich extract from A. borbonica, as well as CA, the predominant phenolic acid of this medicinal plant, exerted a nephroprotective effect through the reduction in the three phases of the fibrotic process: (i) macrophage infiltration, (ii) myofibroblast appearance and (iii) extracellular matrix accumulation. These effects were associated with the mRNA down-regulation of Tgf-β, Tnf-α, Mcp1 and NfkB, as well as the upregulation of Nrf2. Importantly, we observed an increased antioxidant enzyme activity for GPX and Cu/ZnSOD. Last but not least, desorption electrospray ionization-high resolution/mass spectrometry (DESI-HR/MS) imaging allowed us to visualize, for the first time, CA in the kidney tissue. The present study demonstrates that polyphenol-rich extract from A. borbonica significantly improves, in a curative way, renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis progression in the UUO mouse model.
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24
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Yi H, Huang C, Shi Y, Cao Q, Chen J, Chen XM, Pollock CA. Metformin Attenuates Renal Fibrosis in a Mouse Model of Adenine-Induced Renal Injury Through Inhibiting TGF-β1 Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:603802. [PMID: 33614642 PMCID: PMC7889967 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.603802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that all progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) is pathologically characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis process. Multiple studies have shown the critical role of inflammation and fibrosis in the development of CKD. Hence strategies that target inflammatory and fibrotic signaling pathways may provide promising opportunities to protect against renal fibrosis. Metformin has been used as the first-line glucose-lowering agent to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for over 50 years. Accumulating evidence suggests the potential for additional therapeutic applications of metformin, including mitigation of renal fibrosis. In this study, the anti-fibrotic effects of metformin independent of its glucose-lowering mechanism were examined in an adenine -induced mouse model of CKD. Expressions of inflammatory markers MCP-1, F4/80 and ICAM, fibrotic markers type IV collagen and fibronectin, and the cytokine TGF-β1 were increased in adenine-induced CKD when compared to control groups and significantly attenuated by metformin treatment. Moreover, treatment with metformin inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad3, ERK1/2, and P38 and was associated with activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the kidneys of adenine-treated mice. These results indicate that metformin attenuates adenine-induced renal fibrosis through inhibition of TGF-β1 signaling pathways and activation of AMPK, independent of its glucose-lowering action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yi
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School-Northern University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Chunling Huang
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School-Northern University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying Shi
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School-Northern University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Qinghua Cao
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School-Northern University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason Chen
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School-Northern University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School-Northern University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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25
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Yuan Q, Xu T, Chen Y, Qu W, Sun D, Liu X, Sun L. MiR-185-5p ameliorates endoplasmic reticulum stress and renal fibrosis by downregulation of ATF6. J Transl Med 2020; 100:1436-1446. [PMID: 32514126 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-020-0447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is considered an important factor in the formation of fibrosis. Therefore, modulation of ER stress may represent a promising therapeutic strategy in renal fibrosis. MiR-185-5p has been identified to be implicated in TGF-β1-induced renal fibrosis; however, it is largely unknown whether and how miR-185-5p regulates ER stress in renal fibrosis. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-185-5p directly bound to ATF6, an ER stress-related protein, and downregulated the expression thereof. We subsequently constructed an in vitro model of renal fibrosis using HK2 cells treated with TGF-β1, and found that miR-185-5p attenuated ER stress and dedifferentiation of tubular epithelia by suppression of ATF6. In addition, we constructed an in vivo mouse model using unilateral urethral obstruction (UUO). Our in vivo findings showed that miR-185-5p reduced the expression of ER stress-related proteins and inhibited epithelial dedifferentiation via downregulation of ATF6, thereby improving UUO-induced renal fibrosis. Overall, our findings revealed that miR-185-5p exerts beneficial effects in renal fibrosis. Thus, the miR-185-5p/ATF6 regulatory pathway may be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Kim SJ, Zhang X, Cho SB, Kim CH, Park HC, Moon SJ. Uremic solutes of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol enhance protease-activated receptor-2 expression in vitro and in vivo in keratinocytes. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 40:113-123. [PMID: 32757783 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120945758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Uremic pruritus is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The retention of uremic solutes is thought to be associated with uremic pruritus. Meanwhile, activation of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) has been suggested to play an important role in pruritus. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of uremic solutes on the expression of PAR-2 in the skin. METHODS Indoxyl sulfate (IS), p-cresol (PC), and uremic sera from CKD patients were used to stimulate PAR-2 expression in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Also, NHEKs were additionally pretreated with soybean trypsin inhibitor to evaluate its inhibitory effect on PAR-2 expression. Patterns of cutaneous PAR-2 expression were investigated in skin samples from five CKD patients and CKD mice. RESULTS In NHEKs, IS, PC, and sera from CKD patients significantly induced PAR-2 mRNA and protein expression. Soybean trypsin inhibitor significantly decreased PAR-2 mRNA and protein expression in NHEKs treated with IS, PC, and CKD sera. NHEKs treated with IS and PC exhibited significant increases in protease activity. Skin from both CKD patients and mice exhibited marked upregulation of PAR-2 expression compared to control skin. CONCLUSIONS Results from the present study suggest that uremic solutes either directly or indirectly affect PAR-2 expression in the skin of CKD subjects, potentially playing an important role in the pathogenesis of uremic pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational & Clinical Research, 395886International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea.,The Graduate School, 37991Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, 159436Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China.,Department of Pathology, 159436Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China.,Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, 37991Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S B Cho
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, 37991Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational & Clinical Research, 395886International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - H C Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, 65655Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational & Clinical Research, 395886International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
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27
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Arfian N, Suzuki Y, Hartopo AB, Anggorowati N, Nugrahaningsih DAA, Emoto N. Endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) deletion in association with Endothelin-1 downregulation ameliorates kidney fibrosis in mice. Life Sci 2020; 258:118223. [PMID: 32768584 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is a common final pathway of chronic kidney diseases, which are characterized by renal architecture damage, inflammation, fibroblast expansion and myofibroblast formation. Endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) contributes to activation of Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a potent vasoconstrictor and pro-fibrotic substance. This study elucidated the effect of ECE-1 knockout in kidney fibrosis model in mice in association of ET-1 downregulation. Kidney fibrosis was performed in ECE-1 knockout (ECE-1 KO) and vascular endothelial derived ET-1 KO (VEETKO) mice (2 months, 20-30 g, n = 30) and their wild type (WT) littermates using unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) procedure. Mice were euthanized on day-7 and day-14 after UUO. Histopathological analysis was conducted for fibrosis and tubular injury. Immunostainings were done to quantify macrophages (F4/80), fibroblasts (FSP-1) and myofibroblasts (α-SMA). Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), ECE-1 and preproET-1 (ppET-1) mRNA expression were quantified with qRT-PCR, while Transforming Growth Factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and α-SMA protein level were quantified with Western blot. ECE-1 KO mice demonstrated reduction of ECE-1 and ppET-1 mRNA expression, attenuation of kidney fibrosis, tubular injury, MCP-1 mRNA expression and macrophage number compared to WT. Double immunostaining revealed fibroblast to myofibroblast formation after UUO, while ECE-1 KO mice had significantly lower fibroblast number and myofibroblast formation compared to WT, which were associated with significantly lower TGF-β1 and α-SMA protein levels in day-14 of UUO. VEETKO mice also demonstrated attenuation of ET-1 protein level, fibrosis and myofibroblast formation. In conclusion, ECE-1 knockout and ET-1 downregulation attenuated kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Arfian
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Yoko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Anggoro Budi Hartopo
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Nungki Anggorowati
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Noriaki Emoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutical Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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Rianto F, Kuma A, Ellis CL, Hassounah F, Rodriguez EL, Wang XH, Sands JM, Klein JD. UT-A1/A3 knockout mice show reduced fibrosis following unilateral ureteral obstruction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1160-F1166. [PMID: 32174141 PMCID: PMC7294340 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00008.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a major contributor to the development and progression of chronic kidney disease. A low-protein diet can reduce the progression of chronic kidney disease and reduce the development of renal fibrosis, although the mechanism is not well understood. Urea reabsorption into the inner medulla is regulated by inner medullary urea transporter (UT)-A1 and UT-A3. Inhibition or knockout of UT-A1/A3 will reduce interstitial urea accumulation, which may be beneficial in reducing renal fibrosis. To test this hypothesis, the effect of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was compared in wild-type (WT) and UT-A1/A3 knockout mice. UUO causes increased extracellular matrix associated with increases in transforming growth factor-β, vimentin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In WT mice, UUO increased the abundance of three markers of fibrosis: transforming growth factor-β, vimentin, and α-SMA. In contrast, in UT-A1/A3 knockout mice, the increase following UUO was significantly reduced. Consistent with the Western blot results, immunohistochemical staining showed that the levels of vimentin and α-SMA were increased in WT mice with UUO and that the increase was reduced in UT-A1/A3 knockout mice with UUO. Masson's trichrome staining showed increased collagen in WT mice with UUO, which was reduced in UT-A1/A3 knockout mice with UUO. We conclude that reduced UT activity reduces the severity of renal fibrosis following UUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitra Rianto
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Akihiro Kuma
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Carla L Ellis
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Faten Hassounah
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Eva L Rodriguez
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Xiaonan H Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeff M Sands
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Janet D Klein
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Anti-renal fibrosis and anti-inflammation effect of urolithin B, ellagitannin-gut microbial-derived metabolites in unilateral ureteral obstruction rats. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Figueroa SM, Lozano M, Lobos C, Hennrikus MT, Gonzalez AA, Amador CA. Upregulation of Cortical Renin and Downregulation of Medullary (Pro)Renin Receptor in Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1314. [PMID: 31803050 PMCID: PMC6868519 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by renal dysfunction, which is a common feature of other major diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) has been used as a model of CKD in experimental animals and consists of total obstruction of one kidney ureter. The UUO decreases renal blood flow, which promotes the synthesis of renin in the juxtaglomerular apparatus, the first step in renin–angiotensin system (RAS) cascade. RAS induces inflammation and remodeling, along with reduced renal function. However, it remains unknown whether intrarenal RAS (iRAS) is activated in early stages of CKD. Our objective was to characterize different iRAS components in the renal cortex and in the medulla in an early phase of UUO. Male C57BL/6 mice (8–12 weeks old) were subjected to UUO in the left kidney, or to sham surgery, and were euthanized after 7 days (n = 5/group). Renal function, renal inflammatory/remodeling processes, and iRAS expression were evaluated. UUO increased plasma creatinine, right renal hypertrophy (9.08 ± 0.31, P < 0.05 vs. Sham), and tubular dilatation in the left kidney cortex (42.42 ± 8.19µm, P < 0.05 vs. Sham). This correlated with the increased mRNA of IL-1β (1.73 ± 0.14, P < 0.01 vs. Sham, a pro-inflammatory cytokine) and TGF-β1 (1.76 ± 0.10, P < 0.001 vs. Sham, a pro-fibrotic marker). In the renal cortex of the left kidney, UUO increased the mRNA and protein levels of renin (in 35% and 28%, respectively, P < 0.05 vs. Sham). UUO decreased mRNA and protein levels for the (pro)renin receptor in the renal medulla (0.67 ± 0.036 and 0.88 ± 0.028, respectively, P < 0.05 vs. Sham). Our results suggest that modulation of iRAS components depends on renal localization and occurs in parallel with remodeling and pro-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanny M Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Renal, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mauricio Lozano
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Renal, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Lobos
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Renal, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matthew T Hennrikus
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Alexis A Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Cristián A Amador
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Renal, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Characterization of Matricellular Protein Expression Signatures in Mechanistically Diverse Mouse Models of Kidney Injury. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16736. [PMID: 31723159 PMCID: PMC6854083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is the most common pathophysiological manifestation of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). It is defined as excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Embedded within the ECM are a family of proteins called Matricellular Proteins (MCPs), which are typically expressed during chronic pathologies for ECM processing. As such, identifying potential MCPs in the pathological secretome of a damaged kidney could serve as diagnostic/therapeutic targets of fibrosis. Using published RNA-Seq data from two kidney injury mouse models of different etiologies, Folic Acid (FA) and Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction (UUO), we compared and contrasted the expression profile of various members from well-known MCP families during the Acute and Fibrotic injury phases. As a result, we identified common and distinct MCP expression signatures between both injury models. Bioinformatic analysis of their differentially expressed MCP genes revealed similar top annotation clusters from Molecular Function and Biological Process networks, which are those commonly involved in fibrosis. Using kidney lysates from FA- and UUO-injured mice, we selected MCP genes from our candidate list to confirm mRNA expression by Western Blot, which correlated with injury progression. Understanding the expressions of MCPs will provide important insight into the processes of kidney repair, and may validate MCPs as biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets of CKD.
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Yang X, Wang H, Tu Y, Li Y, Zou Y, Li G, Wang L, Zhong X. WNT1-inducible signaling protein-1 mediates TGF-β1-induced renal fibrosis in tubular epithelial cells and unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse models via autophagy. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2009-2022. [PMID: 31512238 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common pathway for the progression of all chronic kidney diseases to end-stage kidney disease. Studies show that WNT1-inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP-1) is involved in the fibrosis of various organs. The aim of the study was to explore the functional role and potential mechanism of WISP-1 in renal fibrosis. We observed that overexpression of WISP-1 in rat tubular epithelial cells (TECs) enhanced transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced production of fibrotic markers, including collagen I (Col I), fibronectin (FN) and TGF-β1, while inhibition of WISP-1 suppressed such production. In vivo, the messenger RNA and protein levels of Col I, FN, and α-smooth muscle actin were significantly inhibited after anti-WISP-1 antibody treatment for 7 days in unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse models. Moreover, blockade of WISP-1 by anti-WISP-1 antibody significantly reduced autophagy-related markers, including anti-microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3 (LC3) and beclin 1, while increasing sequestosome 1. In addition, overexpression of WISP-1 in TECs increased autophagy as evidenced by greater numbers of GFP-LC3 puncta and increased expression of LC3 and beclin 1 in response to TGF-β1. In contrast, knockdown of WISP-1 by small interfering RNA decreased the number of GFP-LC3 puncta and the expression of LC3 and beclin 1 in TGF-β1-treated TECs. Collectively, these data suggest that WISP-1, as a profibrotic protein, may mediate renal fibrosis by inducing autophagy in both obstructive nephropathy and TGF-β1-treated TECs. WISP-1 may serve as an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Nephrology, Du Jiang Yan Medical Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yueju Tu
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yurong Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Guisen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Qiao Y, Liu L, Yin L, Xu L, Tang Z, Qi Y, Mao Z, Zhao Y, Ma X, Peng J. FABP4 contributes to renal interstitial fibrosis via mediating inflammation and lipid metabolism. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:382. [PMID: 31097687 PMCID: PMC6522534 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), a subtype of fatty acid-binding protein family, shows critical roles in metabolism and inflammation. However, its roles on regulating renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) remain unclear. In this work, LPS-stimulated in vitro models on NRK-52E and NRK-49F cells, and in vivo UUO models in rats and mice were established. The results showed that comparing with control groups or sham groups, the expression levels of α-SMA, COL1A, COL3A, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated cells or UUO animals were significantly increased. Meanwhile, the levels of TC, TG, and free fatty acid were also significantly increased as well as the obvious lipid droplets, and the serum levels of BUN, Cr were significantly increased with large amounts of collagen deposition in renal tissues. Further investigation showed that compared with control groups or sham groups, the expression levels of FABP4 in LPS-stimulated cells and UUO animals were significantly increased, resulting in down- regulating the expression levels of PPARγ, upregulating the levels of p65 and ICAM-1, and decreasing the expression levels of ACADM, ACADL, SCP-2, CPT1, EHHADH, and ACOX1. To deeply explore the mechanism of FABP4 in RIF, FABP4 siRNA and inhibitor interfered cell models, and UUO model on FABP4 knockout (KO) mice were used. The results showed that the expression levels of α-SMA, COL1A, and COL3A were significantly decreased, the deposition of lipid droplets decreased, and the contents of TC, TG, and free fatty acids were significantly decreased after gene silencing. Meanwhile, the expression levels of PPAR-γ, ACADM, ACADL, SCP-2, CPT1, EHHADH, and ACOX1 were upregulated, the levels of p65 and ICAM-1 were downregulated, and the mRNA levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were decreased. Our results supported that FABP4 contributed to RIF via promoting inflammation and lipid metabolism, which should be considered as one new drug target to treat RIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Qiao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116011, Dalian, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Zeyao Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Zhang Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, 116044, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, 116044, Dalian, China.
- Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug Development (R&D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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34
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Putative endothelial progenitor cells do not promote vascular repair but attenuate pericyte-myofibroblast transition in UUO-induced renal fibrosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:104. [PMID: 30898157 PMCID: PMC6429829 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Putative endothelial progenitor cells (pEPCs) have been confirmed to participate in alleviation of renal fibrosis in several ischaemic diseases. However, their mechanistic effect on renal fibrosis, which is characterized by vascular regression and further rarefaction-related pathology, remains unknown. Methods To explore the effect and molecular mechanisms by which pEPCs act on unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis, we isolated pEPCs from murine bone marrow. In vivo, pEPCs (2 × 105 cells/day) and pEPC-MVs (microvesicles) were injected into UUO mice via the tail vein. In vitro, pEPCs were co-cultured with renal-derived pericytes. Pericyte-myofibroblast transition was evaluated using the myofibroblast marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and pericyte marker platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFR-β). Results Exogenous supply of bone marrow-derived pEPCs attenuated renal fibrosis by decreasing pericyte-myofibroblast transition without significant vascular repair in the UUO model. Our results indicated that pEPCs regulated pericytes and their transition into myofibroblasts via pEPC-MVs. Co-culture of pericytes with pEPCs in vitro suggested that pEPCs inhibit transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced pericyte–myofibroblast transition via a paracrine pathway. Conclusion pEPCs effectively attenuated UUO-induced renal fibrosis by inhibiting pericyte–myofibroblast transition via a paracrine pathway, without promoting vascular repair. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1201-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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35
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Maydan O, McDade PG, Liu Y, Wu XR, Matsell DG, Eddy AA. Uromodulin deficiency alters tubular injury and interstitial inflammation but not fibrosis in experimental obstructive nephropathy. Physiol Rep 2019; 6:e13654. [PMID: 29595914 PMCID: PMC5875544 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human GWAS and Mendelian genetic studies have linked polymorphic variants and mutations in the human uromodulin gene (UMOD) with chronic kidney disease. The primary function of this kidney‐specific and secreted protein remains elusive. This study investigated whether UMOD deficiency modified responses to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)‐induced kidney injury. Kidneys harvested from groups of wild‐type (UMOD+/+) and knockout (UMOD−/−) male mice (n = 7–10 each) were studied on days 7, 14, and 21. Compared to sham kidneys, UMOD protein levels increased 9–13x after UUO and were associated with increased urinary UMOD levels. Kidney KIM‐1 protein levels were higher in the UMOD−/− groups at all time‐points (4–14x). The UMOD−/− groups also had higher KIM‐1 kidney‐to‐urine relative ratios (5–35x). In vitro studies using KIM‐1 expressing 769‐P cells showed lower KIM‐1 levels in the presence of UMOD protein. Levels of proapoptotic genes and the epithelial cell apoptotic protein marker M30 were significantly lower in the UMOD−/− groups. Both M30 and KIM‐1 colocalized with intraluminal UMOD protein deposits. Interstitial inflammation was less intense in the UMOD−/− groups. Renal fibrosis severity (kidney collagen mRNA and protein) was similar in both genotypic groups on days 7, 14, and 21. Our findings suggest a role for UMOD‐dependent inhibition of KIM‐1 expression and its apoptotic cell scavenging responses during chronic obstruction‐associated tubular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Maydan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul G McDade
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Urology, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Department of Urology, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Douglas G Matsell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Allison A Eddy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia and British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Role of the high-affinity leukotriene B4 receptor signaling in fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0202842. [PMID: 30818366 PMCID: PMC6394974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a lipid mediator that acts as a potent chemoattractant for inflammatory leukocytes. Kidney fibrosis is caused by migrating inflammatory cells and kidney-resident cells. Here, we examined the role of the high-affinity LTB4 receptor BLT1 during development of kidney fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in wild-type (WT) mice and BLT1 knockout (BLT1-/-) mice. We found elevated expression of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), which generates LTB4, in the renal tubules of UUO kidneys from WT mice and BLT1-/- mice. Accumulation of immunoreactive type I collagen in WT UUO kidneys increased over time; however, the increase was less prominent in BLT1-/- UUO kidneys. Accumulation of S100A4-positive fibroblasts increased temporally in WT UUO kidneys, but was again less pronounced in-BLT1-/- UUO kidneys. The same was true of mRNA encoding transforming growth factor-β (TGF)-β and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. Finally, accumulation of F4/80-positive macrophages, which secrete TGF-β, increased temporally in WT UUO and BLT1-/- UUO kidneys, but to a lesser extent in the latter. Following LTB4 stimulation in vitro, macrophages showed increased expression of mRNA encoding TGF-β/FGF-2 and Col1a1, whereas L929 fibroblasts showed increased expression of mRNA encoding α smooth muscle actin (SMA). Bone marrow (BM) transplantation studies revealed that the area positive for type I collagen was significantly smaller in BLT1-/—BM→WT than in WT-BM→WT. Thus, LTB4-BLT1 signaling plays a critical role in fibrosis in UUO kidneys by increasing accumulation of macrophages and fibroblasts. Therefore, blocking BLT1 may prevent renal fibrosis.
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MKP2 suppresses TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition through JNK inhibition. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:545-550. [PMID: 30760641 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial fibrosis is a typical feature of end-stage renal diseases, regardless of the initial cause of kidney injury. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a mechanism that is thought to play a role in generating the interstitial matrix-producing myofibroblasts and is prominently induced by the transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β1). TGF-β1 signals through a variety of Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In a study published in a recent issue of Clinical Science (Clin. Sci. (2018) 132(21),2339-2355), Li et al. investigated the potential role of the Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 2 (MKP2), also known as Dusp4, in the control of EMT and renal fibrosis. Based on results obtained with an animal model of kidney fibrosis and a proximal tubular epithelial cell line system, the authors put forward a role for MKP2 as a negative feedback regulator of TGF-β1-induced EMT and fibrosis in the kidney. Intriguingly, MKP2 is found to down-regulate activity of c-Jun, but not that of other MAPKs, extracellular signal-regulated kinases or p38, implying a role for c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent signaling in renal fibrosis. In this commentary, I discuss the findings of Li and co-workers in the context of the recent literature placing a focus on potential clinical/therapeutic implications.
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38
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Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and related molecules in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:287-313. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20180438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Montford JR, Bauer C, Dobrinskikh E, Hopp K, Levi M, Weiser-Evans M, Nemenoff R, Furgeson SB. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase decreases renal fibrosis and progression of chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F732-F742. [PMID: 30649890 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00262.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory diseases, the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway contributes to epithelial damage and fibrosis by catalyzing the production of leukotrienes (LTs). Antagonists of the 5-LO pathway are currently approved for use in patients and are well tolerated. We found that expression of 5-LO is strongly induced in three models of chronic kidney disease: unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), folate nephropathy, and an orthologous mouse model of polycystic kidney disease. Immunohistochemistry showed that macrophages are the dominant source of 5-LO. Zileuton, a US Food and Drug Administration-approved antagonist of 5-LO, significantly reduced fibrosis at 7 and 14 days after UUO; these findings were confirmed using a genetically modified [5-LO-associated protein-knockout ( Alox5ap-/-)] mouse strain. Inhibition of 5-LO did not appear to change infiltration of leukocytes after UUO as measured by flow cytometry. However, fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy showed that 5-LO inhibitors reversed the glycolytic switch in renal tubular epithelial cells after UUO. Two downstream enzymes of 5-LO, LTA4 hydrolase (LTA4H) and LTC4 synthase (LTC4S), are responsible for the synthesis of LTB4 and cysteinyl LTs, respectively. Fibrosis was reduced after UUO in Ltc4s-/-, but not Lta4h-/-, mice. In contrast, using the folate nephropathy model, we found reduced fibrosis and improved renal function in both Ltc4s-/- and Lta4h-/- mice. In summary, our studies suggest that manipulation of the 5-LO pathway may represent a novel treatment approach for chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Montford
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado.,Eastern Colorado Veterans Affairs Hospital , Denver, Colorado
| | - Colin Bauer
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado
| | - Katharina Hopp
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado.,Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Mary Weiser-Evans
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado.,Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado
| | - Raphael Nemenoff
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado.,Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado
| | - Seth B Furgeson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado.,Consortium for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus , Denver, Colorado.,Denver Health Hospital , Denver, Colorado
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Liu JY. Inhibition of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase for Renal Health. Front Pharmacol 2019; 9:1551. [PMID: 30687105 PMCID: PMC6335332 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) mediates the metabolism of epoxy fatty acids to form the corresponding vicinal diols, which are usually inactive or less active than the epoxide substrates. The sEH enzyme presents in many organs, including but not limited to the liver, heart, spleen, lung, and kidney. Here we summarized the changes in the expression and activity of sEH in multiple renal diseases, such as acute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic nephrology (DN), chronic kidney diseases (CKD), hypertension-mediated renal damage, and other renal dysfunctions. We also discussed the pharmacologic effects and the underlying mechanisms of sEH inhibition by using an inhibitor of sEH and/or the generic deletion of sEH on multiple renal diseases. We believe that sEH is a potential therapeutic target for renal dysfunction although the target disease needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yan Liu
- Center for Nephrology and Metabolomics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth Peoples Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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41
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TRPC6 inactivation does not affect loss of renal function in nephrotoxic serum glomerulonephritis in rats, but reduces severity of glomerular lesions. Biochem Biophys Rep 2019; 17:139-150. [PMID: 30662960 PMCID: PMC6325086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential-6 (TRPC6) channels have been implicated in a variety of chronic kidney diseases including familial and acquired forms of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and renal fibrosis following ureteral obstruction. Here we have examined the role of TRPC6 in progression of inflammation and fibrosis in the nephrotoxic serum (NTS) model of crescentic glomerulonephritis. This was assessed in rats with non-functional TRPC6 channels due to genomic disruption of an essential domain in TRPC6 channels (Trpc6del/del rats) and wild-type littermates (Trpc6wt/wt rats). Administration of NTS evoked albuminuria and proteinuria observed 4 and 28 days later that was equally severe in Trpc6wt/wt and Trpc6del/del rats. By 28 days, there were dense deposits of complement and IgG within glomeruli in both genotypes, accompanied by severe inflammation and fibrosis readily observed by standard histological methods, and also by increases in renal cortical expression of multiple markers (α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, NLRP3, and CD68). Tubulointerstitial fibrosis appeared equally severe in Trpc6wt/wt and Trpc6del/del rats. TRPC6 inactivation did not protect against the substantial declines in renal function (increases in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and kidney:body weight ratio) in NTS-treated animals, and increases in a urine maker of proximal tubule pathology (β2-macroglobulin) were actually more severe in Trpc6del/del animals. By contrast, glomerular pathology, blindly scored from histology, and from renal cortical expression of podocin suggested a partial but significant protective effect of TRPC6 inactivation within the glomerular compartment, at least during the autologous phase of the NTS model. TRPC6 inactivation in rats does not affect declines in overall renal function in an autoimmune model of rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis. TRPC6 inactivation does not reduce renal fibrosis or tubulointerstitial disease in autoimmune glomerulonephritis, and may exacerbate proximal tubule dysfunction in this model. TRPC6 inactivation reduces glomerulosclerosis and podocyte loss in autoimmune glomerulonephritis in rats.
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Key Words
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CKD, chronic kidney disease
- Chronic kidney disease
- FSGS, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis
- GBM, glomerular basement membrane
- Glomerulonephritis
- IL-1β, interleukin 1β
- NLRP3, NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing-3 protein
- NTS, nephrotoxic serum
- PAN, puromycin amino nucleoside
- PAS, periodic acid-Schiff’s stain
- Renal fibrosis
- SMA, α-smooth muscle actin
- TCA, trichloroacetic acid
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TRPC3, canonical transient receptor potential-3 channel
- TRPC5, canonical transient receptor potential-5 channel
- TRPC6
- TRPC6, canonical transient receptor potential-6 channel
- UUO, unilateral ureteral obstruction
- suPAR, soluble urokinase receptor
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42
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Ougaard ME, Jensen HE, Thuen ID, Petersen EG, Kvist PH. Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system ameliorates clinical and pathological aspects of experimentally induced nephrotoxic serum nephritis. Ren Fail 2018; 40:640-648. [PMID: 30403908 PMCID: PMC6225365 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2018.1533867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern, but the current treatments only slow down the progression. Thus an improved understanding of the pathogenesis and novel treatments of CKD are needed. The nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN) model has the potential to study the pathogenesis of CKD as it resembles human CKD. The classical treatments with angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) or the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE I) have shown a clinical effect in CKD. Methods: We characterized the disease development in the NTN model over 11 weeks by investigating functional and histopathological changes. We tested doses of 15 and 30 mg/kg/day enalapril and losartan in the NTN model in order to investigate the effect of inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS). Results: The NTN model displayed albuminuria peaking on days 6–7, mesangial expansion (ME), renal fibrosis, inflammation and iron accumulation peaking on day 42. However, albuminuria, ME, renal fibrosis and inflammation were still significantly present on day 77, suggesting that the NTN model is useful for studying both the acute and chronic disease phases. Enalapril and losartan significantly enhanced the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and decreased albuminuria, ME, renal fibrosis and inflammation of NTN-induced kidney disease in mice. Conclusions: This is the first study showing a comprehensive pathological description of the chronic features of the murine NTN model and that inhibiting the RAS pathway show a significant effect on functional and morphological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Ougaard
- a Haemophilia PK & ADME , Novo Nordisk , Frederiksberg , Denmark.,b Department of Veterinary Disease Biology , University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg , Denmark
| | - H E Jensen
- b Department of Veterinary Disease Biology , University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg , Denmark
| | - I D Thuen
- b Department of Veterinary Disease Biology , University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg , Denmark
| | - E G Petersen
- b Department of Veterinary Disease Biology , University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg , Denmark
| | - P H Kvist
- a Haemophilia PK & ADME , Novo Nordisk , Frederiksberg , Denmark
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43
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Xia ZE, Xi JL, Shi L. 3,3'-Diindolylmethane ameliorates renal fibrosis through the inhibition of renal fibroblast activation in vivo and in vitro. Ren Fail 2018; 40:447-454. [PMID: 30101622 PMCID: PMC6095015 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2018.1490322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3,3'-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a natural acid condensation extracted from cruciferous plants, exhibits anti-fibrotic effects in hepatic and cardiac fibrosis models. The effects of DIM on renal fibrosis, however, are unclear. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of DIM on renal fibrosis. Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-stimulated normal rat kidney (NRK)-49F fibroblast cell mouse models were established. The models were then treated with DIM for the assessment of its anti-fibrotic effects and mechanisms. Results of HE and Masson staining showed that DIM reduced kidney injury and production of interstitial collagens fibrosis. CTS also inhibited expression of fibronectin, collagen-1 but retain E-cadherin in the UUO model. Furthermore, DIM suppressed local fibroblast activation, as evidenced by the suppressed expression of the myofibroblast markers α-SMA and vimentin in vivo and in vitro. In addition, DIM significantly inhibited the TGF-β1-induced proliferation of NRK49F cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. DIM decreased Smad2/3 phosphorylation but increased Smad7 expression. Results suggested that DIM inhibits TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling to attenuate renal interstitial fibrosis via inhibiting local fibroblast activation. This mechanism is likely related to Smad7 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun-En Xia
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Juan-Li Xi
- b Department of Gastroenterology , Wuhan Third Hospital , Wuhan , China
| | - Lei Shi
- c Department of Oncology , Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
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44
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Lux M, Blaut A, Eltrich N, Bideak A, Müller MB, Hoppe JM, Gröne HJ, Locati M, Vielhauer V. The Atypical Chemokine Receptor 2 Limits Progressive Fibrosis after Acute Ischemic Kidney Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 189:231-247. [PMID: 30448408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Following renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), resolution of inflammation allows tubular regeneration, whereas ongoing inflammatory injury mediated by infiltrating leukocytes leads to nephron loss and renal fibrosis, typical hallmarks of chronic kidney disease. Atypical chemokine receptor 2 (ACKR2) is a chemokine decoy receptor that binds and scavenges inflammatory CC chemokines and reduces local leukocyte accumulation. We hypothesized that ACKR2 limits leukocyte infiltration, inflammation, and fibrotic tissue remodeling after renal IRI, thus preventing progression to chronic kidney disease. Compared with wild type, Ackr2 deficiency increases CC chemokine ligand 2 levels in tumor necrosis factor-stimulated tubulointerstitial tissue in vitro. In Ackr2-deficient mice with early IRI 1 or 5 days after transient renal pedicle clamping, tubular injury was similar to wild type, although accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes increased in postischemic Ackr2-/- kidneys. Regarding long-term outcomes, Ackr2-/- kidneys displayed more tubular injury 5 weeks after IRI, which was associated with persistently increased renal infiltrates of mononuclear phagocytes, T cells, Ly6Chigh inflammatory macrophages, and inflammation. Moreover, Ackr2 deficiency caused substantially aggravated renal fibrosis in Ackr2-/- kidneys 5 weeks after IRI, shown by increased expression of matrix molecules, renal accumulation of α-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts, and bone marrow-derived fibrocytes. ACKR2 is important in limiting persistent inflammation, tubular loss, and renal fibrosis after ischemic acute kidney injury and, thus, can prevent progression to chronic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Lux
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Blaut
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Nuru Eltrich
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrei Bideak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin B Müller
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - John M Hoppe
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Locati
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Volker Vielhauer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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45
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Zheng R, Zhu R, Li X, Li X, Shen L, Chen Y, Zhong Y, Deng Y. N6-(2-Hydroxyethyl) Adenosine From Cordyceps cicadae Ameliorates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis and Prevents Inflammation via TGF-β1/Smad and NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1229. [PMID: 30233405 PMCID: PMC6131671 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis is characterized by inflammation and an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, which leads to end-stage renal failure. Our previous studies have shown that a natural product from Cordyceps cicadae can ameliorate chronic kidney diseases. N6-(2-Hydroxyethyl) adenosine (HEA), a physiologically active compound in C. cicadae, has been identified as a Ca2+ antagonist and an anti-inflammatory agent in pharmacological tests. However, its role in renal interstitial fibrosis and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was used to induce renal interstitial fibrosis in male C57BL/6 mice. Different doses of HEA (2.5, 5, and 7.5 mg/kg) were given by intraperitoneal injection 24 h before UUO, and the treatment was continued for 14 days post-operatively. Histologic changes were examined by hematoxylin & eosin, Masson’s trichrome, and picrosirius red stain. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis were used to evaluate proteins levels. And the results showed that HEA significantly decreased UUO-induced renal tubular injury and fibrosis. In vivo, HEA apparently decreased UUO-induced inflammation and renal fibroblast activation by suppression of the NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. In vitro, HEA also obviously decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokine level in RAW 264.7 cells and TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation in NRK-49F cells by modulating NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad signaling. In general, our findings indicate that HEA has a beneficial effect on UUO-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis by suppression of inflammatory and renal fibroblast activation, which may be a potential therapy in chronic conditions such as renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueling Li
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyun Li
- Chengjiaqiao Street Community Health Service Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianli Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueyi Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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46
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Su J, Satchell SC, Shah RN, Wertheim JA. Kidney decellularized extracellular matrix hydrogels: Rheological characterization and human glomerular endothelial cell response to encapsulation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2448-2462. [PMID: 29664217 PMCID: PMC6376869 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels, highly-hydrated crosslinked polymer networks, closely mimic the microenvironment of native extracellular matrix (ECM) and thus present as ideal platforms for three-dimensional cell culture. Hydrogels derived from tissue- and organ-specific decellularized ECM (dECM) may retain bioactive signaling cues from the native tissue or organ that could in turn modulate cell-material interactions and response. In this study, we demonstrate that porcine kidney dECM can be processed to form hydrogels suitable for cell culture and encapsulation studies. Scanning electron micrographs of hydrogels demonstrated a fibrous ultrastructure with interconnected pores, and rheological analysis revealed rapid gelation times with shear moduli dependent upon the protein concentration of the hydrogels. Conditionally-immortalized human glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs) cultured on top of or encapsulated within hydrogels exhibited high cell viability and proliferation over a one-week culture period. However, gene expression analysis of GEnCs encapsulated within kidney dECM hydrogels revealed significantly lower expression of several relevant genes of interest compared to those encapsulated within hydrogels composed of only purified collagen I. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A:2448-2462, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Simon C. Satchell
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ramille N. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason A. Wertheim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Surgery, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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47
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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of kidney fibrosis. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:16-36. [PMID: 29909119 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final pathological process common to any ongoing, chronic kidney injury or maladaptive repair. It is considered as the underlying pathological process of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which affects more than 10% of world population and for which treatment options are limited. Renal fibrosis is defined by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which disrupts and replaces the functional parenchyma that leads to organ failure. Kidney's histological structure can be divided into three main compartments, all of which can be affected by fibrosis, specifically termed glomerulosclerosis in glomeruli, interstitial fibrosis in tubulointerstitium and arteriosclerosis and perivascular fibrosis in vasculature. In this review, we summarized the different appearance, cellular origin and major emerging processes and mediators of fibrosis in each compartment. We also depicted and discussed the challenges in translation of anti-fibrotic treatment to clinical practice and discuss possible solutions and future directions.
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48
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Stangenberg S, Saad S, Schilter HC, Zaky A, Gill A, Pollock CA, Wong MG. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 inhibition ameliorates glomerulosclerosis and albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9423. [PMID: 29930330 PMCID: PMC6013429 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is characterised by the excessive amount of extracellular matrix in glomeruli and tubulointerstitial space. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) is elevated in renal fibrosis and known to play key roles in ECM stabilisation by facilitating collagen cross-links, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and myofibroblast activation. Thus, targeting LOXL2 may prove to be a useful strategy to prevent diabetic nephropathy. We explored the renoprotective effect of a selective small molecule LOXL2 inhibitor (PXS-S2B) in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model. Diabetic mice were treated with PXS-S2B for 24 weeks and outcomes compared with untreated diabetic mice and with telmisartan treated animals as comparator of current standard of care. Diabetic mice had albuminuria, higher glomerulosclerosis scores, upregulation of fibrosis markers and increased renal cortical LOXL2 expression. Treatment with PXS-S2B reduced albuminuria and ameliorated glomerulosclerosis. This was associated with reduced expression of glomerular fibronectin and tubulointerstitial collagen I. The renoprotective effects of both PXS-S2B and telmisartan were more marked in the glomerular compartment than in the tubulointerstitial space. The study reveals that LOXL2 inhibition was beneficial in preserving glomerular structure and function. Thus, LOXL2 may be a potential therapeutic target in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Stangenberg
- Renal Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Heidi C Schilter
- Pharmaxis Pharmaceutical Ltd., Frenchs Forest, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amgad Zaky
- Renal Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony Gill
- Department of Cancer Research and Pathology Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Renal Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School Northern, University of Sydney, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Muh Geot Wong
- Renal Research, Kolling Institute, Northern Sydney Local Health District, St Leonards, NSW, Sydney, Australia.
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49
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Stroo I, Emal D, Butter LM, Teske GJ, Claessen N, Dessing MC, Girardin SE, Florquin S, Leemans JC. No difference in renal injury and fibrosis between wild-type and NOD1/NOD2 double knockout mice with chronic kidney disease induced by ureteral obstruction. BMC Nephrol 2018; 19:78. [PMID: 29609537 PMCID: PMC5879837 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-018-0867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by sustained tissue damage and ongoing tubulo-interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) can sense endogenous ligands released upon tissue damage, leading to sterile inflammation and eventually irreversible kidney disease. It is known that NOD1 and NOD2 contribute to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, including acute kidney injury. However their role in chronic kidney disease is largely unknown. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the contribution of NOD1 and NOD2 in renal interstitial fibrosis and obstructive nephropathy. Methods To do so, we performed unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in wild type (WT) and NOD1/NOD2 double deficient (DKO) mice and analysed renal damage, fibrosis and inflammation. Data were analysed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test. Results Minor changes in inflammatory response were observed in NOD1/2 DKO mice, while no effects were observed on renal injury and the development of fibrosis. Conclusion No difference in renal injury and fibrosis between WT and NOD1/NOD2 DKO mice following obstructive nephropathy induced by ureteral obstruction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12882-018-0867-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Stroo
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, room L2-112, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diba Emal
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, room L2-112, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Loes M Butter
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, room L2-112, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gwen J Teske
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, room L2-112, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nike Claessen
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, room L2-112, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C Dessing
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, room L2-112, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen E Girardin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, room L2-112, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaklien C Leemans
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, room L2-112, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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50
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Lin S, Lian D, Liu W, Haig A, Lobb I, Hijazi A, Razvi H, Burton J, Whiteman M, Sener A. Daily therapy with a slow-releasing H 2S donor GYY4137 enables early functional recovery and ameliorates renal injury associated with urinary obstruction. Nitric Oxide 2018. [PMID: 29522906 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of slow-releasing H2S donor GYY4137 on post-obstructive renal function and injury following unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) by using the UUO and reimplantation (UUO-R) model in rats and to elucidate potential mechanisms by using an in vitro model of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). METHODS Male Lewis rats underwent UUO at the left ureterovesical junction. From post-operative day (POD) 1-13, rats received daily intraperitoneal (IP) injection of phosphate buffered saline (PBS, 1 mL) or GYY4137 (200 μmol/kg/day in 1 mL PBS, IP). On POD 14, the ureter was reimplanted back into the bladder, followed by a right nephrectomy. Urine and serum samples were collected to monitor renal function. On POD 30, the left kidney was removed and tissue sections were stained with H&E, TUNEL, CD68, CD206, myeloperoxidase, and Masson's trichrome to determine cortical thickness, apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. In our in vitro model of EMT, NRK52E cells were treated with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1, 10 μM GYY4137 and/or 50 μM GYY4137. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of E-cadherin, vimentin, Smad7 and TGF-β1 receptor II (TβRII). RESULTS GYY4137 led to a moderate decrease in post-obstructive serum creatinine, cystatin C and FENa. We also observed a trend towards a decrease in post-obstructive proteinuria following GYY4137 treatment. Histologically, we observed a significant decrease in apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Furthermore, our in vitro studies demonstrate that in the presence of TGF-β1, GYY4137 significantly decreases vimentin and TβRII and significantly increases E-cadherin and Smad7. CONCLUSIONS H2S may help to accelerate the recovery of renal function post-obstruction and attenuates renal injury associated with UUO. It is possible that H2S mitigates fibrosis by regulating the TGF-β1-mediated EMT pathway. Taken together, our data suggest that H2S may be a potential novel therapy for improving renal function and limiting renal injury associated with obstructive uropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouzhe Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dameng Lian
- Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Weihua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron Haig
- Department of Pathology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Lobb
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed Hijazi
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hassan Razvi
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy Burton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Whiteman
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Alp Sener
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Multi-Organ Transplant Program, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada; Matthew Mailing Center for Translational Transplant Studies, London Health Sciences Center, London, Ontario, Canada.
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