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Wolf MTF, Bonsib SM, Larsen CP, Hildebrandt F. Nephronophthisis: a pathological and genetic perspective. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:1977-2000. [PMID: 37930417 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease and is one of the most frequent genetic causes for kidney failure (KF) in children and adolescents. Over 20 genes cause NPHP and over 90 genes contribute to renal ciliopathies often involving multiple organs. About 15-20% of NPHP patients have additional extrarenal symptoms affecting other organs than the kidneys. The involvement of additional organ systems in syndromic forms of NPHP is explained by shared expression of most NPHP gene products in centrosomes and primary cilia, a sensory organelle present in most mammalian cells. This finding resulted in the classification of NPHP as a ciliopathy. If extrarenal symptoms are present in addition to NPHP, these disorders are defined as NPHP-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC) and can involve the retina (e.g., with Senior-Løken syndrome), CNS (central nervous system) (e.g., with Joubert syndrome), liver (e.g., Boichis and Arima syndromes), or bone (e.g., Mainzer-Saldino and Sensenbrenner syndromes). This review focuses on the pathological findings and the recent genetic advances in NPHP and NPHP-RC. Different mechanisms and signaling pathways are involved in NPHP ranging from planar cell polarity, sonic hedgehog signaling (Shh), DNA damage response pathway, Hippo, mTOR, and cAMP signaling. A number of therapeutic interventions appear to be promising, ranging from vasopressin receptor 2 antagonists such as tolvaptan, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors such as roscovitine, Hh agonists such as purmorphamine, and mTOR inhibitors such as rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias T F Wolf
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Jayarajan RO, Chakraborty S, Raghu KG, Purushothaman J, Veleri S. Joubert syndrome causing mutation in C2 domain of CC2D2A affects structural integrity of cilia and cellular signaling molecules. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:619-637. [PMID: 38231387 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Cilia are organelles extend from cells to sense external signals for tuning intracellular signaling for optimal cellular functioning. They have evolved sensory and motor roles in various cells for tissue organization and homeostasis in development and post-development. More than a thousand genes are required for cilia function. Mutations in them cause multisystem disorders termed ciliopathies. The null mutations in CC2D2A result in Meckel syndrome (MKS), which is embryonic lethal, whereas patients who have missense mutations in the C2 domain of CC2D2A display Joubert syndrome (JBTS). They survive with blindness and mental retardation. How C2 domain defects cause disease conditions is not understood. To answer this question, C2 domain of Cc2d2a (mice gene) was knocked down (KD) in IMCD-3 cells by shRNA. This resulted in defective cilia morphology observed by immunofluorescence analysis. To further probe the cellular signaling alteration in affected cells, gene expression profiling was done by RNAseq and compared with the controls. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) have functions in cilia. Among the 61 cilia DEGs identified, 50 genes were downregulated and 11 genes were upregulated. These cilia genes are involved in cilium assembly, protein trafficking to the cilium, intraflagellar transport (IFT), cellular signaling like polarity patterning, and Hedgehog signaling pathway. This suggests that the C2 domain of CC2D2A plays a critical role in cilia assembly and molecular signaling hosted in cilia for cellular homeostasis. Taken together, the missense mutations in the C2 domain of CC2D2A seen in JBTS might have affected cilia-mediated signaling in neurons of the retina and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopasree O Jayarajan
- Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Soura Chakraborty
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Kozhiparambil Gopalan Raghu
- Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Jayamurthy Purushothaman
- Agro-processing and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695019, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shobi Veleri
- Drug Safety Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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Shlomovitz O, Atias-Varon D, Yagel D, Barel O, Shasha-Lavsky H, Skorecki K, Eliyahu A, Bathish Y, Frajewicki V, Kushnir D, Zaid R, Paperna T, Ofir A, Tchirkov M, Hassan K, Kruzel E, Khazim K, Geron R, Weisman I, Hanut A, Nakhoul F, Kenig-Kozlovsky Y, Refael G, Antebi A, Storch S, Leiba M, Kagan M, Shukrun R, Rechavi G, Dekel B, Ben Moshe Y, Weiss K, Assady S, Vivante A. Genetic Markers Among the Israeli Druze Minority Population With End-Stage Kidney Disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2024; 83:183-195. [PMID: 37717846 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE Genetic etiologies have been identified among approximately 10% of adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, data are lacking regarding the prevalence of monogenic etiologies especially among members of minority groups. This study characterized the genetic markers among members of an Israeli minority group with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). STUDY DESIGN A national-multicenter cross-sectional study of Israeli Druze patients (an Arabic-speaking Near-Eastern transnational population isolate) who are receiving maintenance dialysis for ESKD. All study participants underwent exome sequencing. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS We recruited 94 adults with ESKD, comprising 97% of the total 97 Druze individuals throughout Israel being treated with dialysis during the study period. PREDICTORS Demographics and clinical characteristics of kidney disease. OUTCOME Genetic markers. ANALYTICAL APPROACH Whole-exome sequencing and the relationship of markers to clinical phenotypes. RESULTS We identified genetic etiologies in 17 of 94 participants (18%). None had a previous molecular diagnosis. A novel, population-specific, WDR19 homozygous pathogenic variant (p.Cys293Tyr) was the most common genetic finding. Other monogenic etiologies included PKD1, PKD2, type IV collagen mutations, and monogenic forms of noncommunicable diseases. The pre-exome clinical diagnosis corresponded to the final molecular diagnosis in fewer than half of the participants. LIMITATIONS This study was limited to Druze individuals, so its generalizability may be limited. CONCLUSIONS Exome sequencing identified a genetic diagnosis in approximately 18% of Druze individuals with ESKD. These results support conducting genetic analyses in minority populations with high rates of CKD and for whom phenotypic disease specificity may be low. PLAIN-LANGUAGE SUMMARY Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects many people worldwide and has multiple genetic causes. However, there is limited information on the prevalence of genetic etiologies, especially among minority populations. Our national-multicenter study focused on Israeli Druze patients. Using exome-sequencing, we identified previously undetected genetic causes in nearly 20% of patients, including a new and population-specific WDR19 homozygous pathogenic variant. This mutation has not been previously described; it is extremely rare globally but is common among the Druze, which highlights the importance of studying minority populations with high rates of CKD. Our findings provide insights into the genetic basis of end-stage kidney disease in the Israeli Druze, expand the WDR19 phenotypic spectrum, and emphasize the potential value of genetic testing in such populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Shlomovitz
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Safed
| | - Danit Atias-Varon
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Safed
| | - Dina Yagel
- Genomics Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ortal Barel
- Genomics Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Hadas Shasha-Lavsky
- Azrieili Faculty of Medicine in Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Karl Skorecki
- Azrieili Faculty of Medicine in Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Aviva Eliyahu
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Safed; The Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Victor Frajewicki
- Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Kushnir
- Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rinat Zaid
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Paperna
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ayala Ofir
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marina Tchirkov
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rambam Health Care campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kamal Hassan
- Nephrology Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Etty Kruzel
- Nephrology Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Khaled Khazim
- Nephrology Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Ronit Geron
- Nephrology Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Irit Weisman
- Nephrology Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Anaam Hanut
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Baruch Padeh Medical Center Poriya, Tiberias, Israel
| | - Farid Nakhoul
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Baruch Padeh Medical Center Poriya, Tiberias, Israel
| | - Yael Kenig-Kozlovsky
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rambam Health Care campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gery Refael
- Nephrology Unit, Mayanei HaYeshua Medical Center, Bnei Brak, Israel
| | - Alon Antebi
- Institute of Nephrology and Hypertension, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shimon Storch
- Nephrology and Hypertension Unit, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Maayan Kagan
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Safed
| | - Rachel Shukrun
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Safed
| | - Gidi Rechavi
- Genomics Unit, Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Azrieili Faculty of Medicine in Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Benjamin Dekel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Safed; Pediatric Stem Cell Research Institute, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yishay Ben Moshe
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Safed
| | - Karin Weiss
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Suheir Assady
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Rambam Health Care campus, Haifa, Israel; The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Asaf Vivante
- Department of Pediatrics B, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Safed; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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Tang X, Yi S, Qin Z, Yi S, Chen J, Yang Q, Li S, Luo J. Compound heterozygous WDR19 variants associated with nephronophthisis, Caroli disease, refractory epilepsy and congenital bilateral central blindness: Case report. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23257. [PMID: 38163131 PMCID: PMC10754840 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The WDR19 gene has been reported to be involved in nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies such as isolated nephronophthisis 13 (NPHP13), Sensenbrenner syndrome, Jeune syndrome, Senior-Loken syndrome, Caroli disease, retinitis pigmentosa and Asthenoteratospermia. In the present study, we provided the detailed clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of a patient with four variants in WDR19 and TG, reviewed a comprehensive mutation analysis in the WDR19-related ciliopathies, discussed the relationship between genotype and phenotype, and compared the allele frequencies (AFs) of WDR19 variants depending on the ethnic background. We used whole-exome sequencing (WES) combined with bioinformatics analysis to investigate the genetic variants of a 3-year-old boy with common features of WDR19-associated NPHP13 and Caroli disease, bilateral central blindness, refractory epilepsy, and elevated thyroid stimulating hormone. A novel splice-donor variant, c.98+1G > C, and a recurrent missense variant, c.3533G > A, were identified in the WDR19 gene. We used effective mRNA analysis to verify the effects on pre-mRNA processing and to assess the pathogenicity of the splice-site variant. The patient also harbored compound heterozygous variants of the TG gene (c.4889A > G, c.274+2T > G). Of note, using a review of an in-house database, we identified four additional likely pathogenic WDR19 variants and estimated the overall AF of WDR19 mutations to be 0.0025 in the southern Chinese population. Our findings have expanded the allelic spectrum of mutations in the WDR19 gene and broadened the clinical phenotype spectrum of WDR19-related ciliopathies. The results have also provided new insights into the clinical heterogeneity of the disorder, which would be useful in accurate genetic counseling for affected individuals and carrier screening in a general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglian Tang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Sheng Yi
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zailong Qin
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Shang Yi
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Radiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Radiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jingsi Luo
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Pediatric Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Birth Defects Prevention, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Genetic Diseases, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Stem Cell Biobank, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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Peng Y, Zhou L, Chen J, Huang X, Pang J, Liu J, Tang W, Yang S, Liang C, Xie W. Clinical features and genetic analysis of a case series of skeletal ciliopathies in a prenatal setting. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:318. [PMID: 38062428 PMCID: PMC10704717 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short-rib polydactyly syndrome (SRPS) refers to a group of lethal skeletal dysplasias that can be difficult to differentiate between subtypes or from other non-lethal skeletal dysplasias such as Ellis-van Creveld syndrome and Jeune syndrome in a prenatal setting. We report the ultrasound and genetic findings of four unrelated fetuses with skeletal dysplasias. METHODS Systemic prenatal ultrasound examination was performed in the second or third trimester. Genetic tests including GTG-banding, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array and exome sequencing were performed with amniocytes or aborted fetal tissues. RESULTS The major and common ultrasound anomalies for the four unrelated fetuses included short long bones of the limbs and narrow thorax. No chromosomal abnormalities and pathogenic copy number variations were detected. Exome sequencing revealed three novel variants in the DYNC2H1 gene, namely NM_001080463.2:c.6809G > A p.(Arg2270Gln), NM_001080463.2:3133C > T p.(Gln1045Ter), and NM_001080463.2:c.337C > T p.(Arg113Trp); one novel variant in the IFT172 gene, NM_015662.3:4540-5 T > A; and one novel variant in the WDR19 gene, NM_025132.4:c.2596G > C p.(Gly866Arg). The genotypes of DYNC2H1, IFT172 and WDR19 and the phenotypes of the fetuses give hints for the diagnosis of short-rib thoracic dysplasia (SRTD) with or without polydactyly 3, 10, and 5, respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings expand the mutation spectrum of DYNC2H1, IFT172 and WDR19 associated with skeletal ciliopathies, and provide useful information for prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling on rare skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China, No. 53 Xiangchun Road.
| | - Lin Zhou
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China, No. 53 Xiangchun Road
| | - Jing Chen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China, No. 53 Xiangchun Road
| | - Xiaoliang Huang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China, No. 53 Xiangchun Road
| | - Jialun Pang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China, No. 53 Xiangchun Road
| | - Jing Liu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China, No. 53 Xiangchun Road
| | - Wanglan Tang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China, No. 53 Xiangchun Road
| | - Shuting Yang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China, No. 53 Xiangchun Road
| | - Changbiao Liang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China, No. 53 Xiangchun Road
| | - Wanqin Xie
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Research and Prevention, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China, No. 53 Xiangchun Road.
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Capra AP, La Rosa MA, Briguori S, Civa R, Passarelli C, Agolini E, Novelli A, Briuglia S. Coexistence of Genetic Diseases Is a New Clinical Challenge: Three Unrelated Cases of Dual Diagnosis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:484. [PMID: 36833411 PMCID: PMC9957527 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Technological advancements in molecular genetics and cytogenetics have led to the diagnostic definition of complex or atypical clinical pictures. In this paper, a genetic analysis identifies multimorbidities, one due to either a copy number variant or a chromosome aneuploidy, and a second due to biallelic sequence variants in a gene associated with an autosomal recessive disorder. We diagnosed the simultaneous presence of these conditions, which co-occurred by chance, in three unrelated patients: a 10q11.22q11.23 microduplication and a homozygous variant, c.3470A>G (p.Tyr1157Cys), in the WDR19 gene associated with autosomal recessive ciliopathy; down syndrome and two variants, c.850G>A; p.(Gly284Arg) and c.5374G>T; p.(Glu1792*), in the LAMA2 gene associated with merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A); and a de novo 16p11.2 microdeletion syndrome and homozygous variant, c.2828G>A (p.Arg943Gln), in the ABCA4 gene associated with Stargardt disease 1 (STGD1). The possibility of being affected by two relatively common or rare inherited genetic conditions would be suspected when signs and symptoms are incoherent with the primary diagnosis. All this could have important implications for improving genetic counseling, determining the correct prognosis, and, consequently, organizing the best long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Paola Capra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Angela La Rosa
- Genetics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, “Gaetano Martino” University Hospital, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Sara Briguori
- Genetics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, “Gaetano Martino” University Hospital, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Rosa Civa
- Genetics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, “Gaetano Martino” University Hospital, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Passarelli
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Agolini
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana Briuglia
- Genetics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, “Gaetano Martino” University Hospital, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Keyser MN, Huang M, Newton K, Benador N, Beauchamp-Walters J, Bird LM. A unique pancreatic phenotype in a child with a WDR19-related ciliopathy: A case report and literature review of pancreatic involvement in ciliopathies. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2242-2245. [PMID: 35362211 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a group of genetic disorders caused by ciliary dysfunction. Thirty-five distinct multi-organ phenotypes have been recognized, with 187 genes associated. We performed a literature review of pancreatic involvement in ciliopathies and found that pancreatic disease is an uncommon phenotype described in only a handful of these genetic disorders. We present a case report of a pediatric patient with WDR19-related ciliopathy whose degree of pancreatic disease exceeds what has previously been reported in the literature for WDR19-related ciliopathies. WDR19 is one member of the nephronophthisis (NPHP)-related ciliopathy gene family and encodes an intra-flagellar transport protein (IFT144). Our patient presented with restrictive and obstructive lung disease, short rib thoracic dysplasia, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), developmental delay, hepatic fibrosis, and severe recurrent pancreatitis. Whole-exome sequencing (GeneDx) showed two likely pathogenic WDR19 variants in trans (maternally inherited: c.742G > A, p.G248S; paternally inherited: c.617 T > C, p.L206P). Among WDR19-related ciliopathies, pancreatic involvement is rarely reported and there have been no cases of severe, recurrent pancreatitis. Through this case report and literature review we hope to emphasize that pancreatic involvement is a rare yet important clinical phenotype to recognize in ciliopathies, especially in WDR19-related ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Nguyen Keyser
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Maria Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kimberly Newton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Nadine Benador
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Julia Beauchamp-Walters
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lynne M Bird
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
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8
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Yu SS, Wang E, Chiang CY, Cheng PH, Yeh YS, Wu YY, Chiou YY, Jiang ST. Large deletion of Wdr19 in developing renal tubules disrupts primary ciliogenesis leading to polycystic kidney disease in mice. J Pathol 2022; 257:5-16. [PMID: 35007346 DOI: 10.1002/path.5863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
WD repeat domain 19 (Wdr19) is a major component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery, which is involved in the function of primary cilia. However, the effects of Wdr19 on primary cilia formation, cystogenesis, and polycystic kidney disease (PKD) progression remain unclear. To study these effects, we generated three lines of kidney-specific conditional knockout mice: Wdr19-knockout (Wdr19-KO, Wdr19f/- ::Cdh16-CreTg/0 ), Pkd1-knockout (Pkd1-KO, Pkd1f/- ::Cdh16-CreTg/0 ), and Wdr19/Pkd1-double knockout (Wdr19&Pkd1-dKO, Wdr19f/- ;Pkd1f/- ::Cdh16-CreTg/0 ) mice. Ultrastructural analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the primary cilia were almost absent at postnatal day 10 in Wdr19-KO mice compared with Pkd1-KO and wild-type (WT) mice. However, the primary cilia appeared structurally normal even if malfunctional in Pkd1-deficient cysts. The Pkd1-KO mice had the most severe PKD progression, including the shortest lifespan (14 days) and the largest renal cysts, among the three knockout lines. Thus, the molecular mechanism of renal cystogenesis in Wdr19-KO mice (primary cilia abrogation) was different from that in Pkd1-KO mice (primary cilia malfunction). In summary, Wdr19 deficiency leads to primary cilia abrogation and renal cyst formation. Wdr19 is primarily proposed to participate in retrograde IFT and to be crucial for the construction of primary cilia, which are critical organelles for tubulogenesis in the developing kidneys. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Shiuan Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70457, Taiwan.,National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Tainan, 74147, Taiwan
| | - Ellian Wang
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Chiang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Tainan, 74147, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hao Cheng
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Tainan, 74147, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Yeh
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Tainan, 74147, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Wu
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Tainan, 74147, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yow Chiou
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Tainan, 74147, Taiwan.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70403, Taiwan
| | - Si-Tse Jiang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Tainan, 74147, Taiwan
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9
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Brndiarova M, Mraz M, Kolkova Z, Cisarik F, Banovcin P. Sensenbrenner Syndrome Presenting with Severe Anorexia, Failure to Thrive, Chronic Kidney Disease and Angel-Shaped Middle Phalanges in Two Siblings. Mol Syndromol 2021; 12:263-267. [PMID: 34421506 DOI: 10.1159/000515645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensenbrenner syndrome is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by variants in genes involved in the functional development of primary cilia. Typical clinical manifestations include craniofacial and skeletal abnormalities, hence the alternative name cranioectodermal dysplasia. Chronic kidney disease due to progressive tubulointerstitial nephritis (nephronophthisis) has been described in these patients. The authors present 2siblings with severe anorexia, failure to thrive, chronic kidney disease, and angel-shaped middle phalanges. Two previously described variants p.(Leu641*) and p.(Asp841Val) were identified in the WDR35 gene which is most commonly affected in this condition. Analysis of all coding exons of the GDF5 gene was normal. This is the first report of Sensenbrenner syndrome presenting with severe anorexia and failure to thrive at early age. Angel-shaped middle phalanges in the absence of the GDF5 variant may represent an overlapping phenotypic manifestation of ciliopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Brndiarova
- Department of Paediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Martin Mraz
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Children's University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kolkova
- Biomedical Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Frantisek Cisarik
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital in Zilina, Zilina, Slovakia
| | - Peter Banovcin
- Department of Paediatrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin University Hospital, Martin, Slovakia
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10
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Molecular genetics of renal ciliopathies. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1205-1220. [PMID: 33960378 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Renal ciliopathies are a heterogenous group of inherited disorders leading to an array of phenotypes that include cystic kidney disease and renal interstitial fibrosis leading to progressive chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease. The renal tubules are lined with epithelial cells that possess primary cilia that project into the lumen and act as sensory and signalling organelles. Mutations in genes encoding ciliary proteins involved in the structure and function of primary cilia cause ciliopathy syndromes and affect many organ systems including the kidney. Recognised disease phenotypes associated with primary ciliopathies that have a strong renal component include autosomal dominant and recessive polycystic kidney disease and their various mimics, including atypical polycystic kidney disease and nephronophthisis. The molecular investigation of inherited renal ciliopathies often allows a precise diagnosis to be reached where renal histology and other investigations have been unhelpful and can help in determining kidney prognosis. With increasing molecular insights, it is now apparent that renal ciliopathies form a continuum of clinical phenotypes with disease entities that have been classically described as dominant or recessive at both extremes of the spectrum. Gene-dosage effects, hypomorphic alleles, modifier genes and digenic inheritance further contribute to the genetic complexity of these disorders. This review will focus on recent molecular genetic advances in the renal ciliopathy field with a focus on cystic kidney disease phenotypes and the genotypes that lead to them. We discuss recent novel insights into underlying disease mechanisms of renal ciliopathies that might be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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11
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Ishida Y, Kobayashi T, Chiba S, Katoh Y, Nakayama K. Molecular basis of ciliary defects caused by compound heterozygous IFT144/WDR19 mutations found in cranioectodermal dysplasia. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:213-225. [PMID: 33517396 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia contain specific proteins to achieve their functions as cellular antennae. Ciliary protein trafficking is mediated by the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery containing the IFT-A and IFT-B complexes. Mutations in genes encoding the IFT-A subunits (IFT43, IFT121/WDR35, IFT122, IFT139/TTC21B, IFT140 and IFT144/WDR19) often result in skeletal ciliopathies, including cranioectodermal dysplasia (CED). We here characterized the molecular and cellular defects of CED caused by compound heterozygous mutations in IFT144 [the missense variant IFT144(L710S) and the nonsense variant IFT144(R1103*)]. These two variants were distinct with regard to their interactions with other IFT-A subunits and with the IFT-B complex. When exogenously expressed in IFT144-knockout (KO) cells, IFT144(L710S) as well as IFT144(WT) rescued both moderately compromised ciliogenesis and the abnormal localization of ciliary proteins. As the homozygous IFT144(L710S) mutation was found to cause autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa, IFT144(L710S) is likely to be hypomorphic at the cellular level. In striking contrast, the exogenous expression of IFT144(R1103*) in IFT144-KO cells exacerbated the ciliogenesis defects. The expression of IFT144(R1103*) together with IFT144(WT) restored the abnormal phenotypes of IFT144-KO cells. However, the coexpression of IFT144(R1103*) with the hypomorphic IFT144(L710S) variant in IFT144-KO cells, which mimics the genotype of compound heterozygous CED patients, resulted in severe ciliogenesis defects. Taken together, these observations demonstrate that compound heterozygous mutations in IFT144 cause severe ciliary defects via a complicated mechanism, where one allele can cause severe ciliary defects when combined with a hypomorphic allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Ishida
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shuhei Chiba
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yohei Katoh
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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12
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Tang X, Liu C, Liu X, Chen J, Fan X, Liu J, Ma D, Cao G, Chen Z, Xu D, Zhu Y, Jiang X, Cheng L, Wu Y, Hou L, Li Y, Shao X, Zheng S, Zhang A, Zheng B, Jian S, Rong Z, Su Q, Gao X, Rao J, Shen Q, Xu H. Phenotype and genotype spectra of a Chinese cohort with nephronophthisis-related ciliopathy. J Med Genet 2020; 59:147-154. [PMID: 33323469 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2020-107184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC) account for the majority of cases of monogenetically caused end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in children. Exploring the correlation between the phenotype and genotype of NPHP-RC is helpful for early diagnosis and management. We investigated the phenotype and genotype spectra of NPHP-RC in a Chinese multicentre cohort. METHODS Crosss-ectional and longitudinal data of 60 patients from 57 families with pathogenic NPHP-RC gene mutations distributed in 22 regions of China were collected into a unified, anonymous database. The mean observation time of this cohort was 3.5±3.1 years. RESULTS Mutations in NPHP1 and NPHP3 were the most common genetic defects. Overall, 45% of patients presented with isolated nephronophthisis (NPH), and 55% exhibited the extrarenal phenotype, which frequently involved the liver (41.7%, n=25), central nervous system (26.7%, n=16), eyes (26.7%, n=16) and skeletal system (11.7%, n=7). Accidental detection of elevated serum creatinine and non-specific symptoms caused by chronic kidney disease occurred in 65% of patients. Patients carrying NPHP1 mutations mainly presented with isolated NPH (90%, 18/20) and progressed to ESRD at a mean age of 12.9±0.5 years. The mean age of ESRD onset in the non-NPHP1 group was lower than that in the NPHP1 group (6.2±1.4 years, p<0.001), especially for patients carrying NPHP3 mutations (3.1±1.2 years), showing a heterogeneous phenotype characterised by Bardet-Biedl syndrome (12.5%, n=5), Joubert syndrome (7.5%, n=3), COACH syndrome (2.5%, n=1), Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (2.5%, n=1), short-rib thoracic dysplasia (2.5%, n=1) and unclassified symptoms (32.5%, n=13). CONCLUSIONS The Chinese Children Genetic Kidney Disease Database registry characterised the spectrum of the phenotype and genotype of NPHP-RC in the Chinese population. NPHP1 and NPHP3 were the most common pathogenic genes. Rapid progression to ESRD and liver involvement were noted in patients with NPHP3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuihua Liu
- Nephrology and Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Liu
- Nephrology, Bejing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Children's Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jialu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanghai Cao
- Nephrology and Rheumatology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Nephrology, Bejing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Children's Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Daliang Xu
- Nephrology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Nephrology, Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jiang
- Pediatric, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lizhi Cheng
- Pediatric, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yubing Wu
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ling Hou
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Nephrology and Rheumatology, Guiyang Children's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaoshan Shao
- Nephrology and Rheumatology, Guiyang Children's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Shasha Zheng
- Nephrology and Rheumatology, Guiyang Children's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Nephrology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Bixia Zheng
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Jian
- Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zanhua Rong
- Pediatrics, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingxiao Su
- Pediatrics, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Nephrology, Guangzhou Children's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Rao
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and School of Basic Medical Science,Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China .,Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Lab of Birth Defect, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Shanghai, China
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13
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IFT144 and mild retinitis pigmentosa in Mainzer-Saldino syndrome: A new association. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:104073. [PMID: 33002628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2020.104073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ciliopathies are a wide and heterogeneous group of diseases affecting intraflagellar transport. Among them, Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MSS) shows phalangeal cone-shaped epiphysis, renal disease and retinal involvement. Short stature, cerebellar ataxia and hepatic fibrosis might also be found. IFT140 is the most commonly reported mutation in MSS. We will report on the case of a patient with a clinical diagnosis of Mainzer-Saldino syndrome due to IFT144 dysfunction. This mutation has not been previously related to MSS but it has been found in other ciliopathies and both syndromic and non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa. At birth our patient showed trigonocephaly, early progressive renal failure requiring transplant, intrahepatic biliary duct dilation, cone-shaped epiphyses, growth retardation and retinitis pigmentosa with mild ophthalmic impairment. The best corrected visual acuity reached 0.15/0.22 LogMAR. The posterior pole showed abnormal macular reflex, mild vascular attenuation in the periphery and diffuse pigmentary changes. Autofluorescence showed bull's eye signal increase. Computerized optic tomography assessed the absence of external retinal layers in the extrafoveal macula. In conclusion, IFT144 genetic study may be involved in MSS and thus must be considered for diagnosis. Mild ophthalmic symptomatology despite early onset retinitis pigmentosa in the context of MSS has been found in this case caused by IFT144 mutation.
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14
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Hiltpold M, Niu G, Kadri NK, Crysnanto D, Fang ZH, Spengeler M, Schmitz-Hsu F, Fuerst C, Schwarzenbacher H, Seefried FR, Seehusen F, Witschi U, Schnieke A, Fries R, Bollwein H, Flisikowski K, Pausch H. Activation of cryptic splicing in bovine WDR19 is associated with reduced semen quality and male fertility. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008804. [PMID: 32407316 PMCID: PMC7252675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cattle are ideally suited to investigate the genetics of male reproduction, because semen quality and fertility are recorded for all ejaculates of artificial insemination bulls. We analysed 26,090 ejaculates of 794 Brown Swiss bulls to assess ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm head and tail anomalies and insemination success. The heritability of the six semen traits was between 0 and 0.26. Genome-wide association testing on 607,511 SNPs revealed a QTL on bovine chromosome 6 that was associated with sperm motility (P = 2.5 x 10−27), head (P = 2.0 x 10−44) and tail anomalies (P = 7.2 x 10−49) and insemination success (P = 9.9 x 10−13). The QTL harbors a recessive allele that compromises semen quality and male fertility. We replicated the effect of the QTL on fertility (P = 7.1 x 10−32) in an independent cohort of 2481 Brown Swiss bulls. The analysis of whole-genome sequencing data revealed that a synonymous variant (BTA6:58373887C>T, rs474302732) in WDR19 encoding WD repeat-containing protein 19 was in linkage disequilibrium with the fertility-associated haplotype. WD repeat-containing protein 19 is a constituent of the intraflagellar transport complex that is essential for the physiological function of motile cilia and flagella. Bioinformatic and transcription analyses revealed that the BTA6:58373887 T-allele activates a cryptic exonic splice site that eliminates three evolutionarily conserved amino acids from WDR19. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the BTA6:58373887 T-allele decreases protein expression. We make the remarkable observation that, in spite of negative effects on semen quality and bull fertility, the BTA6:58373887 T-allele has a frequency of 24% in the Brown Swiss population. Our findings are the first to uncover a variant that is associated with quantitative variation in semen quality and male fertility in cattle. In cattle farming, artificial insemination is the most common method of breeding. To ensure high fertilization rates, ejaculate quality and insemination success are closely monitored in artificial insemination bulls. We analyse semen quality, insemination success and microarray-called genotypes at more than 600,000 genome-wide SNP markers of 794 bulls to identify a recessive allele that compromises semen quality. We take advantage of whole-genome sequencing to pinpoint a variant in the coding sequence of WDR19 encoding WD repeat-containing protein 19 that activates a novel exonic splice site. Our results indicate that cryptic splicing in WDR19 is associated with reduced male reproductive performance. This is the first report of a variant that contributes to quantitative variation in bovine semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guanglin Niu
- Livestock Biotechnology, TU München, Freising, Germany
| | | | | | - Zih-Hua Fang
- Animal Genomics, ETH Zürich, Lindau, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frauke Seehusen
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ruedi Fries
- Animal Breeding, TU München, Freising, Germany
| | - Heinrich Bollwein
- Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Hubert Pausch
- Animal Genomics, ETH Zürich, Lindau, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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15
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Fuster-García C, García-García G, Jaijo T, Blanco-Kelly F, Tian L, Hakonarson H, Ayuso C, Aller E, Millán JM. Expanding the Genetic Landscape of Usher-Like Phenotypes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 60:4701-4710. [PMID: 31725169 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Usher syndrome (USH) is a rare disorder characterized by retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and sensorineural hearing loss. Several genes are responsible for the disease, but not all cases are explained by mutations in any of these, supporting the fact that there remain other unknown genes that have a role in the syndrome. We aimed to find the genetic cause of presumed USH patients lacking pathogenic mutations in the known USH genes. Methods Whole exome sequencing was performed on a priori USH-diagnosed subjects from nine unrelated families, which had shown negative results for an USH-targeted panel in a previous study. Results We identified possible pathogenic variants in six of the studied families. One patient harbored mutations in REEP6 and TECTA, each gene tentatively causative of one of the two main symptoms of the disease, mimicking the syndrome. In three patients, only the retinal degeneration causative mutations were detected (involving EYS, WDR19, and CNGB1 genes). Another family manifested a dementia-linked retinal dystrophy dependent on an allele dosage in the GRN gene. Last, another case presented a homozygous mutation in ASIC5, a gene not yet associated with USH. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that pending cases should be clinically and genetically carefully assessed, since more patients than expected may be either related phenocopies or affected by a more complex disease encompassing additional symptoms rather than classical USH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Fuster-García
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomedicina Molecular, Celular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema García-García
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomedicina Molecular, Celular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Jaijo
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomedicina Molecular, Celular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Genética y Diagnóstico Prenatal, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fiona Blanco-Kelly
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz IIS-FJD, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lifeng Tian
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Genética, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz IIS-FJD, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Aller
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomedicina Molecular, Celular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Unidad de Genética y Diagnóstico Prenatal, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M Millán
- Grupo de Investigación en Biomedicina Molecular, Celular y Genómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Rare Human Diseases: Model Organisms in Deciphering the Molecular Basis of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121614. [PMID: 31835861 PMCID: PMC6952885 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a recessive heterogeneous disorder of motile cilia, affecting one per 15,000-30,000 individuals; however, the frequency of this disorder is likely underestimated. Even though more than 40 genes are currently associated with PCD, in the case of approximately 30% of patients, the genetic cause of the manifested PCD symptoms remains unknown. Because motile cilia are highly evolutionarily conserved organelles at both the proteomic and ultrastructural levels, analyses in the unicellular and multicellular model organisms can help not only to identify new proteins essential for cilia motility (and thus identify new putative PCD-causative genes), but also to elucidate the function of the proteins encoded by known PCD-causative genes. Consequently, studies involving model organisms can help us to understand the molecular mechanism(s) behind the phenotypic changes observed in the motile cilia of PCD affected patients. Here, we summarize the current state of the art in the genetics and biology of PCD and emphasize the impact of the studies conducted using model organisms on existing knowledge.
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17
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Ryan R, Failler M, Reilly ML, Garfa-Traore M, Delous M, Filhol E, Reboul T, Bole-Feysot C, Nitschké P, Baudouin V, Amselem S, Escudier E, Legendre M, Benmerah A, Saunier S. Functional characterization of tektin-1 in motile cilia and evidence for TEKT1 as a new candidate gene for motile ciliopathies. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:266-282. [PMID: 29121203 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A child presenting with Mainzer-Saldino syndrome (MZSDS), characterized by renal, retinal and skeletal involvements, was also diagnosed with lung infections and airway ciliary dyskinesia. These manifestations suggested dysfunction of both primary and motile cilia, respectively. Targeted exome sequencing identified biallelic mutations in WDR19, encoding an IFT-A subunit previously associated with MZSDS-related chondrodysplasia, Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia and cranioectodermal dysplasia, linked to primary cilia dysfunction, and in TEKT1 which encodes tektin-1 an uncharacterized member of the tektin family, mutations of which may cause ciliary dyskinesia. Tektin-1 localizes at the centrosome in cycling cells, at basal bodies of both primary and motile cilia and to the axoneme of motile cilia in airway cells. The identified mutations impaired these localizations. In addition, airway cells from the affected individual showed severe motility defects without major ultrastructural changes. Knockdown of tekt1 in zebrafish resulted in phenotypes consistent with a function for tektin-1 in ciliary motility, which was confirmed by live imaging. Finally, experiments in the zebrafish also revealed a synergistic effect of tekt1 and wdr19. Altogether, our data show genetic interactions between WDR19 and TEKT1 likely contributing to the overall clinical phenotype observed in the affected individual and provide strong evidence for TEKT1 as a new candidate gene for primary ciliary dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Ryan
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marion Failler
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Madeline Louise Reilly
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Meriem Garfa-Traore
- Cell Imaging Platform, INSERM US24 Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Marion Delous
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Emilie Filhol
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Thérèse Reboul
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France.,Bioinformatics Core Facility, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitschké
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-1163, Genomic Core Facility, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Serge Amselem
- UMR-S 933, INSERM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Estelle Escudier
- UMR-S 933, INSERM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Marie Legendre
- UMR-S 933, INSERM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6, Paris, France.,Service de Génétique et Embryologie Médicales, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Benmerah
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Saunier
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Hereditary Kidney Diseases, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes - Sorbonne Paris Cité University, 75015 Paris, France
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18
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Jensen VL, Lambacher NJ, Li C, Mohan S, Williams CL, Inglis PN, Yoder BK, Blacque OE, Leroux MR. Role for intraflagellar transport in building a functional transition zone. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:e45862. [PMID: 30429209 PMCID: PMC6280794 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201845862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic disorders caused by cilia dysfunction, termed ciliopathies, frequently involve the intraflagellar transport (IFT) system. Mutations in IFT subunits-including IFT-dynein motor DYNC2H1-impair ciliary structures and Hedgehog signalling, typically leading to "skeletal" ciliopathies such as Jeune asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy. Intriguingly, IFT gene mutations also cause eye, kidney and brain ciliopathies often linked to defects in the transition zone (TZ), a ciliary gate implicated in Hedgehog signalling. Here, we identify a C. elegans temperature-sensitive (ts) IFT-dynein mutant (che-3; human DYNC2H1) and use it to show a role for retrograde IFT in anterograde transport and ciliary maintenance. Unexpectedly, correct TZ assembly and gating function for periciliary proteins also require IFT-dynein. Using the reversibility of the novel ts-IFT-dynein, we show that restoring IFT in adults (post-developmentally) reverses defects in ciliary structure, TZ protein localisation and ciliary gating. Notably, this ability to reverse TZ defects declines as animals age. Together, our findings reveal a previously unknown role for IFT in TZ assembly in metazoans, providing new insights into the pathomechanism and potential phenotypic overlap between IFT- and TZ-associated ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor L Jensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Nils J Lambacher
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Swetha Mohan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Corey L Williams
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Peter N Inglis
- Department of Biology, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Bradley K Yoder
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Oliver E Blacque
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Michel R Leroux
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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19
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Molinari E, Decker E, Mabillard H, Tellez J, Srivastava S, Raman S, Wood K, Kempf C, Alkanderi S, Ramsbottom SA, Miles CG, Johnson CA, Hildebrandt F, Bergmann C, Sayer JA. Human urine-derived renal epithelial cells provide insights into kidney-specific alternate splicing variants. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:1791-1796. [PMID: 30002499 PMCID: PMC6244279 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of multi-exon genes undergo alternative splicing to produce different mRNA transcripts and this may occur in a tissue-specific manner. Assessment of mRNA transcripts isolated from blood samples may sometimes be unhelpful in determining the affect on function of putative splice-site variants affecting kidney-specific mRNA transcripts. Here we present data demonstrating the power of using human urine-derived renal epithelial cells (hUREC) as a source of kidney RNA. We report clinical and molecular genetic data from three affected cases from two families all with end-stage renal disease by 15 years of age. In both families, heterozygous variants which are predicted to effect function in NPHP3 were found on one allele, in combination with a synonymous SNV (c.2154C>T; p.Phe718=), 18 base pairs from the exon–intron boundary within exon 15 of NPHP3. The only mRNA transcript amplified from wild-type whole blood showed complete splicing out of exon 15. Urine samples obtained from control subjects and the father of family 2, who carried the synonymous SNV variant, were therefore used to culture hUREC and allowed us to obtain kidney-specific mRNA. Control kidney mRNA showed retention of exon 15, while the mRNA from the patient’s father confirmed evidence of a heterozygous alternate splicing of exon 15 of NPHP3. Analysis of RNA derived from hUREC allows for a comparison of kidney-specific and whole-blood RNA transcripts and for assessment of the effect on function of putative splice variants leading to end-stage kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Molinari
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Eva Decker
- Center for Human Genetics, Bioscientia, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Holly Mabillard
- Renal Services, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, NE7 7DN, UK
| | - James Tellez
- Northern Genetic Service, Newcastle upon Tyne NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Shalabh Srivastava
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Shreya Raman
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Katrina Wood
- Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Caroline Kempf
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sumaya Alkanderi
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Simon A Ramsbottom
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Colin G Miles
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Colin A Johnson
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carsten Bergmann
- Center for Human Genetics, Bioscientia, Ingelheim, Germany.,Department of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - John A Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle, NE1 3BZ, UK. .,Renal Services, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, NE7 7DN, UK.
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20
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Luo F, Tao YH. Nephronophthisis: A review of genotype-phenotype correlation. Nephrology (Carlton) 2018; 23:904-911. [PMID: 29717526 PMCID: PMC6175366 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nephronophthisis is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease and one of the most common genetic disorders causing end‐stage renal disease in children. Nephronophthisis is a genetically heterogenous disorder with more than 25 identified genes. In 10%–20% of cases, there are additional features of a ciliopathy syndrome, such as retinal defects, liver fibrosis, skeletal abnormalities, and brain developmental disorders. This review provides an update of the recent advances in the clinical features and related gene mutations of nephronophthisis, and novel approaches for therapy in nephronophthisis patients may be needed. Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is a renal ciliopathy affecting children and young adults. This review gives an update on the recent advances in the clinical features and related gene mutations of NPHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglan Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Hong Tao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
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21
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Yoshikawa T, Kamei K, Nagata H, Saida K, Sato M, Ogura M, Ito S, Miyazaki O, Urushihara M, Kondo S, Sugawara N, Ishizuka K, Hamasaki Y, Shishido S, Morisada N, Iijima K, Nagata M, Yoshioka T, Ogata K, Ishikura K. Diversity of renal phenotypes in patients with WDR19
mutations: Two case reports. Nephrology (Carlton) 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/nep.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Yoshikawa
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology; National Center for Child Health and Development; Tokyo Japan
| | - Koichi Kamei
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology; National Center for Child Health and Development; Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroko Nagata
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology; National Center for Child Health and Development; Tokyo Japan
| | - Ken Saida
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology; National Center for Child Health and Development; Tokyo Japan
| | - Mai Sato
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology; National Center for Child Health and Development; Tokyo Japan
| | - Masao Ogura
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology; National Center for Child Health and Development; Tokyo Japan
| | - Shuichi Ito
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology; National Center for Child Health and Development; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine; Yokohama City University; Yokohama Japan
| | - Osamu Miyazaki
- Department of Radiology; National Center for Child Health and Development; Tokyo Japan
| | - Maki Urushihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - Shuji Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Tokushima University Graduate School; Tokushima Japan
| | - Noriko Sugawara
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kiyonobu Ishizuka
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology; Tokyo Women's Medical University; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuko Hamasaki
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology; Toho University Faculty of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Seiichiro Shishido
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology; Toho University Faculty of Medicine; Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoya Morisada
- Department of Pediatrics; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics; Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital; Kobe Japan
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- Department of Pediatrics; Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine; Kobe Japan
| | - Michio Nagata
- Department of Kidney and Vascular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Tsukuba; Ibaraki Japan
| | - Takako Yoshioka
- Department of Pathology; National Center for Child Health and Development; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kentaro Ogata
- Department of Pathology; Federation of National Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Tachikawa Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenji Ishikura
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology; National Center for Child Health and Development; Tokyo Japan
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22
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Bangs F, Anderson KV. Primary Cilia and Mammalian Hedgehog Signaling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a028175. [PMID: 27881449 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been a decade since it was discovered that primary cilia have an essential role in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in mammals. This discovery came from screens in the mouse that identified a set of genes that are required for both normal Hh signaling and for the formation of primary cilia. Since then, dozens of mouse mutations have been identified that disrupt cilia in a variety of ways and have complex effects on Hedgehog signaling. Here, we summarize the genetic and developmental studies used to deduce how Hedgehog signal transduction is linked to cilia and the complex effects that perturbation of cilia structure can have on Hh signaling. We conclude by describing the current status of our understanding of the cell-type-specific regulation of ciliogenesis and how that determines the ability of cells to respond to Hedgehog ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Bangs
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Kathryn V Anderson
- Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
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23
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Abstract
Nephronophthisis-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC) are a group of inherited diseases that affect genes encoding proteins that localize to primary cilia or centrosomes. With few exceptions, ciliopathies are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, and affected individuals manifest early during childhood or adolescence. NPHP-RC are genetically very heterogeneous, and, currently, mutations in more than 90 genes have been described as single-gene causes. The phenotypes of NPHP-RC are very diverse, and include cystic-fibrotic kidney disease, brain developmental defects, retinal degeneration, skeletal deformities, facial dimorphism, and, in some cases, laterality defects, and congenital heart disease. Mutations in the same gene can give rise to diverse phenotypes depending on the mutated allele. At the same time, there is broad phenotypic overlap between different monogenic genes. The identification of monogenic causes of ciliopathies has furthered the understanding of molecular mechanism and cellular pathways involved in the pathogenesis.
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24
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Srivastava S, Molinari E, Raman S, Sayer JA. Many Genes-One Disease? Genetics of Nephronophthisis (NPHP) and NPHP-Associated Disorders. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:287. [PMID: 29379777 PMCID: PMC5770800 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is a renal ciliopathy and an autosomal recessive cause of cystic kidney disease, renal fibrosis, and end-stage renal failure, affecting children and young adults. Molecular genetic studies have identified more than 20 genes underlying this disorder, whose protein products are all related to cilia, centrosome, or mitotic spindle function. In around 15% of cases, there are additional features of a ciliopathy syndrome, including retinal defects, liver fibrosis, skeletal abnormalities, and brain developmental disorders. Alongside, gene identification has arisen molecular mechanistic insights into the disease pathogenesis. The genetic causes of NPHP are discussed in terms of how they help us to define treatable disease pathways including the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway, the mTOR pathway, Hedgehog signaling pathways, and DNA damage response pathways. While the underlying pathology of the many types of NPHP remains similar, the defined disease mechanisms are diverse, and a personalized medicine approach for therapy in NPHP patients is likely to be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalabh Srivastava
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Renal Unit, City Hospitals Sunderland and South Tyneside NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Molinari
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Shreya Raman
- Department of Histopathology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John A Sayer
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Renal Services, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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25
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The expanding phenotypic spectra of kidney diseases: insights from genetic studies. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 12:472-83. [PMID: 27374918 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has led to the identification of previously unrecognized phenotypes associated with classic kidney disease genes. In addition to improving diagnostics for genetically heterogeneous diseases and enabling a faster rate of gene discovery, NGS has enabled an expansion and redefinition of nephrogenetic disease categories. Findings from these studies raise the question of whether disease diagnoses should be made on clinical grounds, on genetic evidence or a combination thereof. Here, we discuss the major kidney disease-associated genes and gene categories for which NGS has expanded the phenotypic spectrum. For example, COL4A3-5 genes, which are classically associated with Alport syndrome, are now understood to also be involved in the aetiology of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. DGKE, which is associated with nephrotic syndrome, is also mutated in patients with atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome. We examine how a shared genetic background between diverse clinical phenotypes can provide insight into the function of genes and novel links with essential pathophysiological mechanisms. In addition, we consider genetic and epigenetic factors that contribute to the observed phenotypic heterogeneity of kidney diseases and discuss the challenges in the interpretation of genetic data. Finally, we discuss the implications of the expanding phenotypic spectra associated with kidney disease genes for clinical practice, genetic counselling and personalized care, and present our recommendations for the use of NGS-based tests in routine nephrology practice.
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26
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Lee JM, Ahn YH, Kang HG, Ha IIS, Lee K, Moon KC, Lee JH, Park YS, Cho YM, Bae JS, Kim NKD, Park WY, Cheong HII. Nephronophthisis 13: implications of its association with Caroli disease and altered intracellular localization of WDR19 in the kidney. Pediatr Nephrol 2015; 30:1451-8. [PMID: 25726036 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-015-3068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephronophthisis 13 (NPHP 13) is associated with mutations in the WDR19 gene, which encodes for a protein in the intraflagellar transport complex. Herein, we describe six additional cases accompanied by Caroli syndrome or disease. METHODS Targeted exome sequencing covering 96 ciliopathy-related genes was performed for 48 unrelated Korean patients with a clinical suspicion of NPHP. Mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. We evaluated the expression of WDR19 in the biopsied kidney by immunohistochemistry in patients and controls. RESULTS We detected three (3/48, 6.3 %) unrelated index cases with WDR19 mutations. One of the cases involved two siblings with the same mutation. Later, we detected an additional index case with a similar phenotype of kidney and liver involvement by Sanger sequencing of WDR19. The p.R1178Q mutation was common in all patients. All of the six affected patients from four families progressed to chronic kidney disease. Of note, all six patients had Caroli syndrome or disease. Immunohistochemistry for WDR19 showed localized expression along the luminal borders of the renal tubular epithelium in controls, whereas it showed diffuse cytoplasmic staining in the affected patients. CONCLUSIONS Caroli disease is a major extra-renal phenotype associated with mutations in WDR19 in the Korean population. In this study, we visually validated the expression pattern of mutant WDR19 protein in the kidneys of NPHP 13 patients. More data are needed to identify the true frequency of p.R1178Q. Functional studies including transfection assay will provide solid grounds for the pathogenicity of each mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon M Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Nephronophthisis (NPHP) is an autosomal recessive cystic kidney disease and is one of the most common genetic disorders causing end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in children and adolescents. NPHP is a genetically heterogenous disorder with 20 identified genes. NPHP occurs as an isolated kidney disease, but approximately 15% of NPHP patients have additional extrarenal symptoms affecting other organs [e.g. eyes, liver, bones and central nervous system (CNS)]. The pleiotropy in NPHP is explained by the finding that almost all NPHP gene products share expression in primary cilia, a sensory organelle present in most mammalian cells. If extrarenal symptoms are present in addition to NPHP, these disorders are classified as NPHP-related ciliopathies (NPHP-RC). This review provides an update about recent advances in the field of NPHP-RC. RECENT FINDINGS The identification of novel disease-causing genes has improved our understanding of the pathomechanisms contributing to NPHP-RC. Multiple interactions between different NPHP-RC gene products have been published and outline the interconnectivity of the affected proteins and shared pathways. SUMMARY The significance of recently identified genes for NPHP-RC is discussed and the complex role and interaction of NPHP proteins in ciliary function and cellular signalling pathways is highlighted.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adolescent
- Child
- Cilia/pathology
- Cilia/physiology
- Cytoskeletal Proteins
- Genes, Recessive
- Humans
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/complications
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/congenital
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/pathology
- Kidney Diseases, Cystic/physiopathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/genetics
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology
- Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mutation/genetics
- Phenotype
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias T F Wolf
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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28
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An efficient and comprehensive strategy for genetic diagnostics of polycystic kidney disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116680. [PMID: 25646624 PMCID: PMC4315576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cysts are clinically and genetically heterogeneous conditions. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most frequent life-threatening genetic disease and mainly caused by mutations in PKD1. The presence of six PKD1 pseudogenes and tremendous allelic heterogeneity make molecular genetic testing challenging requiring laborious locus-specific amplification. Increasing evidence suggests a major role for PKD1 in early and severe cases of ADPKD and some patients with a recessive form. Furthermore it is becoming obvious that clinical manifestations can be mimicked by mutations in a number of other genes with the necessity for broader genetic testing. We established and validated a sequence capture based NGS testing approach for all genes known for cystic and polycystic kidney disease including PKD1. Thereby, we demonstrate that the applied standard mapping algorithm specifically aligns reads to the PKD1 locus and overcomes the complication of unspecific capture of pseudogenes. Employing careful and experienced assessment of NGS data, the method is shown to be very specific and equally sensitive as established methods. An additional advantage over conventional Sanger sequencing is the detection of copy number variations (CNVs). Sophisticated bioinformatic read simulation increased the high analytical depth of the validation study and further demonstrated the strength of the approach. We further raise some awareness of limitations and pitfalls of common NGS workflows when applied in complex regions like PKD1 demonstrating that quality of NGS needs more than high coverage of the target region. By this, we propose a time- and cost-efficient diagnostic strategy for comprehensive molecular genetic testing of polycystic kidney disease which is highly automatable and will be of particular value when therapeutic options for PKD emerge and genetic testing is needed for larger numbers of patients.
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Lopez AL, Wang S, Larin KV, Overbeek PA, Larina IV. Live four-dimensional optical coherence tomography reveals embryonic cardiac phenotype in mouse mutant. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:090501. [PMID: 26385422 PMCID: PMC4681392 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.9.090501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Efficient phenotyping of developmental defects in model organisms is critical for understanding the genetic specification of normal development and congenital abnormalities in humans. We previously reported that optical coherence tomography (OCT) combined with live embryo culture is a valuable tool for mouse embryo imaging and four-dimensional (4-D) cardiodynamic analysis; however, its capability for analysis of mouse mutants with cardiac phenotypes has not been previously explored. Here, we report 4-D (three-dimensional+time) OCT imaging and analysis of the embryonic heart in a Wdr19 mouse mutant, revealing a heart looping defect. Quantitative analysis of cardiac looping revealed a statistically significant difference between mutant and control embryos. Our results indicate that live 4-D OCT imaging provides a powerful phenotyping approach to characterize embryonic cardiac function in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Lopez
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston 77030, United States
| | - Shang Wang
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston 77030, United States
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston 77030, United States
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston 77204, United States
- Samara State Aerospace University, 34 Moskovskoye Shosse, Samara 443086, Russia
| | - Paul A. Overbeek
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, One Baylor Plaza, Houston 77030, United States
| | - Irina V. Larina
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston 77030, United States
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Wainwright EN, Svingen T, Ng ET, Wicking C, Koopman P. Primary cilia function regulates the length of the embryonic trunk axis and urogenital field in mice. Dev Biol 2014; 395:342-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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