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Dos Santos TM, Righetti RF, do Nascimento Camargo L, Leick EA, Fukuzaki S, de Campos EC, Galli TT, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, da Silva LLS, Barbosa JAS, João JMLG, Prado CM, de Rezende BG, Bourotte CLM, Dos Santos Lopes FDTQ, de Arruda Martins M, Bensenor IM, de Oliveira Cirillo JV, Bezerra SKM, Silva FJA, Paulo MSL, Lotufo PA, Lopes Calvo Tibério IDF. Effect of VAChT reduction on lung alterations induced by exposure to iron particles in an asthma model. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:24. [PMID: 38961398 PMCID: PMC11223391 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-024-00399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pollution harms the health of people with asthma. The effect of the anti-inflammatory cholinergic pathway in chronic allergic inflammation associated to pollution is poorly understood. METHODS One hundred eight animals were divided into 18 groups (6 animals). Groups included: wild type mice (WT), genetically modified with reduced VAChT (VAChTKD), and those sensitized with ovalbumin (VAChTKDA), exposed to metal powder due to iron pelletizing in mining company (Local1) or 3.21 miles away from a mining company (Local2) in their locations for 2 weeks during summer and winter seasons. It was analyzed for hyperresponsivity, inflammation, remodeling, oxidative stress responses and the cholinergic system. RESULTS During summer, animals without changes in the cholinergic system revealed that Local1 exposure increased the hyperresponsiveness (%Rrs, %Raw), and inflammation (IL-17) relative to vivarium animals, while animals exposed to Local2 also exhibited elevated IL-17. During winter, animals without changes in the cholinergic system revealed that Local2 exposure increased the hyperresponsiveness (%Rrs) relative to vivarium animals. Comparing the exposure local of these animals during summer, animals exposed to Local1 showed elevated %Rrs, Raw, and IL-5 compared to Local 2, while in winter, Local2 exposure led to more IL-17 than Local1. Animals with VAChT attenuation displayed increased %Rrs, NFkappaB, IL-5, and IL-13 but reduced alpha-7 compared to animals without changes in the cholinergic system WT. Animals with VAChT attenuation and asthma showed increased the hyperresponsiveness, all inflammatory markers, remodeling and oxidative stress compared to animals without chronic lung inflammation. Exposure to Local1 exacerbated the hyperresponsiveness, oxidative stressand inflammation in animals with VAChT attenuation associated asthma, while Local2 exposure led to increased inflammation, remodeling and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Reduced cholinergic signaling amplifies lung inflammation in a model of chronic allergic lung inflammation. Furthermore, when associated with pollution, it can aggravate specific responses related to inflammation, oxidative stress, and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabata Maruyama Dos Santos
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renato Fraga Righetti
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro do Nascimento Camargo
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Fukuzaki
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Cristina de Campos
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carla Máximo Prado
- Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Isabela M Bensenor
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Galli TT, de Campos EC, do Nascimento Camargo L, Fukuzaki S, Dos Santos TM, Hamaguchi SSS, Bezerra SKM, Silva FJA, Rezende BG, Dos Santos Lopes FTQ, Olivo CR, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Prado CM, Leick EA, Bourotte CLM, Benseñor IJM, Lotufo PA, Righetti RF, Tibério IFLC. Effects of environmental exposure to iron powder on healthy and elastase-exposed mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9134. [PMID: 38644380 PMCID: PMC11033283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged exposure to iron powder and other mineral dusts can threaten the health of individuals, especially those with COPD. The goal of this study was to determine how environmental exposure to metal dust from two different mining centers in Brazil affects lung mechanics, inflammation, remodeling and oxidative stress responses in healthy and elastase-exposed mice. This study divided 72 male C57Bl/6 mice into two groups, the summer group and the winter group. These groups were further divided into six groups: control, nonexposed (SAL); nonexposed, given elastase (ELA); exposed to metal powder at a mining company (SAL-L1 and ELA-L1); and exposed to a location three miles away from the mining company (SAL-L2 and ELA-L2) for four weeks. On the 29th day of the protocol, the researchers assessed lung mechanics, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), inflammation, remodeling, oxidative stress, macrophage iron and alveolar wall alterations (mean linear intercept-Lm). The Lm was increased in the ELA, ELA-L1 and ELA-L2 groups compared to the SAL group (p < 0.05). There was an increase in the total number of cells and macrophages in the ELA-L1 and ELA-L2 groups compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). Compared to the ELA and SAL groups, the exposed groups (ELA-L1, ELA-L2, SAL-L1, and SAL-L2) exhibited increased expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, neutrophil elastase, TIMP-1, MMP-9, MMP-12, TGF-β, collagen fibers, MUC5AC, iNOS, Gp91phox, NFkB and iron positive macrophages (p < 0.05). Although we did not find differences in lung mechanics across all groups, there were low to moderate correlations between inflammation remodeling, oxidative stress and NFkB with elastance, resistance of lung tissue and iron positive macrophages (p < 0.05). Environmental exposure to iron, confirmed by evaluation of iron in alveolar macrophages and in air, exacerbated inflammation, initiated remodeling, and induced oxidative stress responses in exposed mice with and without emphysema. Activation of the iNOS, Gp91phox and NFkB pathways play a role in these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Silvia Fukuzaki
- Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Renato Fraga Righetti
- Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iolanda Fátima Lopes Calvo Tibério
- Faculdade de Medicina (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil.
- University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903 - Laboratory LIM20, Brazil.
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Landguth EL, Knudson J, Graham J, Orr A, Coyle EA, Smith P, Semmens EO, Noonan C. Seasonal extreme temperatures and short-term fine particulate matter increases pediatric respiratory healthcare encounters in a sparsely populated region of the intermountain western United States. Environ Health 2024; 23:40. [PMID: 38622704 PMCID: PMC11017546 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Western Montana, USA, experiences complex air pollution patterns with predominant exposure sources from summer wildfire smoke and winter wood smoke. In addition, climate change related temperatures events are becoming more extreme and expected to contribute to increases in hospital admissions for a range of health outcomes. Evaluating while accounting for these exposures (air pollution and temperature) that often occur simultaneously and may act synergistically on health is becoming more important. METHODS We explored short-term exposure to air pollution on children's respiratory health outcomes and how extreme temperature or seasonal period modify the risk of air pollution-associated healthcare events. The main outcome measure included individual-based address located respiratory-related healthcare visits for three categories: asthma, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) across western Montana for ages 0-17 from 2017-2020. We used a time-stratified, case-crossover analysis with distributed lag models to identify sensitive exposure windows of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) lagged from 0 (same-day) to 14 prior-days modified by temperature or season. RESULTS For asthma, increases of 1 µg/m3 in PM2.5 exposure 7-13 days prior a healthcare visit date was associated with increased odds that were magnified during median to colder temperatures and winter periods. For LRTIs, 1 µg/m3 increases during 12 days of cumulative PM2.5 with peak exposure periods between 6-12 days before healthcare visit date was associated with elevated LRTI events, also heightened in median to colder temperatures but no seasonal effect was observed. For URTIs, 1 unit increases during 13 days of cumulative PM2.5 with peak exposure periods between 4-10 days prior event date was associated with greater risk for URTIs visits that were intensified during median to hotter temperatures and spring to summer periods. CONCLUSIONS Delayed, short-term exposure increases of PM2.5 were associated with elevated odds of all three pediatric respiratory healthcare visit categories in a sparsely population area of the inter-Rocky Mountains, USA. PM2.5 in colder temperatures tended to increase instances of asthma and LRTIs, while PM2.5 during hotter periods increased URTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Landguth
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA.
| | - Jonathon Knudson
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Jon Graham
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Mathematical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, USA
| | - Ava Orr
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Emily A Coyle
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Paul Smith
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Community Medical Center, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Erin O Semmens
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Curtis Noonan
- Center for Population Health Research, School of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
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Zhang Y, Yang X, Jiang W, Gao X, Yang B, Feng XL, Yang L. Short-term effects of air pollutants on hospital admissions for asthma among older adults: a multi-city time series study in Southwest, China. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1346914. [PMID: 38347929 PMCID: PMC10859495 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1346914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the relationship between air pollution and hospital admissions for asthma in older adults, and to further assess the health and economic burden of asthma admissions attributable to air pollution. Methods We collected information on asthma cases in people over 65 years of age from nine cities in Sichuan province, as well as air pollution and meteorological data. The relationship between short-term air pollutant exposure and daily asthma hospitalizations was analyzed using the generalized additive model (GAM), and stratified by gender, age, and season. In addition, we assessed the economic burden of hospitalization for air pollution-related asthma in older adults using the cost of disease approach. Results The single pollutant model showed that every 1 mg/m3 increase in CO was linked with an increase in daily hospitalizations for older adults with asthma, with relative risk values of 1.327 (95% CI: 1.116-1.577) at lag7. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5 and SO2, on asthma hospitalization, with relative risk values of 1.044 (95% CI: 1.011-1.078), 1.018 (95% CI: 1.002-1.034), 1.013 (95% CI: 1.004-1.022), 1.015 (95% CI: 1.003-1.028) and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.041-1.227), respectively. Stratified analysis shows that stronger associations between air pollution and asthma HAs among older adult in females, those aged 65-69 years, and in the warm season, although all of the differences between subgroups did not reach statistical significance. During the study period, the number of asthma hospitalizations attributable to PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 pollution was 764, 581 and 95, respectively, which resulted in a total economic cost of 6.222 million CNY, 4.73 million CNY and 0.776 million CNY, respectively. Conclusion This study suggests that short-term exposure to air pollutants is positively associated with an increase in numbers of asthma of people over 65 years of age in Sichuan province, and short-term exposure to excessive PM and NO2 brings health and economic burden to individuals and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanyanhan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Gao
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Lin Feng
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Yang
- School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Qian Y, Cai C, Sun M, Lv D, Zhao Y. Analyses of Factors Associated with Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:2707-2723. [PMID: 38034468 PMCID: PMC10683659 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s433183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is the exacerbation of a range of respiratory symptoms during the stable phase of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). AECOPD is thus a dangerous stage and key event in the course of COPD, as its deterioration and frequency seriously affects the quality of life of patients and shortens their survival. Acute exacerbations occur and develop due to many factors such as infection, tobacco smoke inhalation, air pollution, comorbidities, airflow limitation, various biomarkers, history of previous deterioration, natural killer cell abnormalities, immunoglobulin G deficiency, genetics, abnormal muscle and nutritional status, negative psychology, and seasonal temperature changes. There is relatively limited research on the impact of the role of standardized management on the alleviation of AECOPD. However, with the establishment of relevant prevention and management systems and the promotion of artificial intelligence technology and Internet medical approaches, long-term effective and standardized management of COPD patients may help to achieve the quality of life and disease prognosis in COPD patients and reduce the risk of AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenting Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengqing Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
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Landguth EL, Knudson J, Graham J, Orr A, Coyle EA, Smith P, Semmens EO, Noonan C. Seasonal extreme temperatures and short-term fine particulate matter increases child respiratory hospitalizations in a sparsely populated region of the intermountain western United States. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3438033. [PMID: 37886498 PMCID: PMC10602161 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3438033/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Western Montana, USA, experiences complex air pollution patterns with predominant exposure sources from summer wildfire smoke and winter wood smoke. In addition, climate change related temperatures events are becoming more extreme and expected to contribute to increases in hospital admissions for a range of health outcomes. Few studies have evaluated these exposures (air pollution and temperature) that often occur simultaneously and may act synergistically on health. Methods We explored short-term exposure to air pollution on childhood respiratory health outcomes and how extreme temperature or seasonal period modify the risk of air pollution-associated hospitalizations. The main outcome measure included all respiratory-related hospital admissions for three categories: asthma, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), and upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) across western Montana for all individuals aged 0-17 from 2017-2020. We used a time-stratified, case-crossover analysis and distributed lag models to identify sensitive exposure windows of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) lagged from 0 (same-day) to 15 prior-days modified by temperature or season. Results Short-term exposure increases of 1 μg/m3 in PM2.5 were associated with elevated odds of all three respiratory hospital admission categories. PM2.5 was associated with the largest increased odds of hospitalizations for asthma at lag 7-13 days [1.87(1.17-2.97)], for LRTI at lag 6-12 days [2.18(1.20-3.97)], and for URTI at a cumulative lag of 13 days [1.29(1.07-1.57)]. The impact of PM2.5 varied by temperature and season for each respiratory outcome scenario. For asthma, PM2.5 was associated most strongly during colder temperatures [3.11(1.40-6.89)] and the winter season [3.26(1.07-9.95)]. Also in colder temperatures, PM2.5 was associated with increased odds of LRTI hospitalization [2.61(1.15-5.94)], but no seasonal effect was observed. Finally, 13 days of cumulative PM2.5 prior to admissions date was associated with the greatest increased odds of URTI hospitalization during summer days [3.35(1.85-6.04)] and hotter temperatures [1.71(1.31-2.22)]. Conclusions Children's respiratory-related hospital admissions were associated with short-term exposure to PM2.5. PM2.5 associations with asthma and LRTI hospitalizations were strongest during cold periods, whereas associations with URTI were largest during hot periods. Classification environmental public health, fine particulate matter air pollution, respiratory infections.
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Aryal A, Noël A, Khachatryan L, Cormier SA, Chowdhury PH, Penn A, Dugas TR, Harmon AC. Environmentally persistent free radicals: Methods for combustion generation, whole-body inhalation and assessing cardiopulmonary consequences. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 334:122183. [PMID: 37442324 PMCID: PMC10528481 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) containing environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) results from the incomplete combustion of organic wastes which chemisorb to transition metals. This process generates a particle-pollutant complex that continuously redox cycles to produce reactive oxygen species. EPFRs are well characterized, but their cardiopulmonary effects remain unknown. This publication provides a detailed approach to evaluating these effects and demonstrates the impact that EPFRs have on the lungs and vasculature. Combustion-derived EPFRs were generated (EPFR lo: 2.1e-16 radical/g, EPFR hi: 5.5e-17 radical/g), characterized, and verified as representative of those found in urban areas. Dry particle aerosolization and whole-body inhalation were established for rodent exposures. To verify that these particles and exposures recapitulate findings relevant to known PM-induced cardiopulmonary effects, male C57BL6 mice were exposed to filtered air, ∼280 μg/m3 EPFR lo or EPFR hi for 4 h/d for 5 consecutive days. Compared to filtered air, pulmonary resistance was increased in mice exposed to EPFR hi. Mice exposed to EPFR hi also exhibited increased plasma endothelin-1 (44.6 vs 30.6 pg/mL) and reduced nitric oxide (137 nM vs 236 nM), suggesting vascular dysfunction. Assessment of vascular response demonstrated an impairment in endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, with maximum relaxation decreased from 80% to 62% in filtered air vs EPFR hi exposed mice. Gene expression analysis highlighted fold changes in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and antioxidant response genes including increases in lung Cyp1a1 (8.7 fold), Cyp1b1 (9 fold), Aldh3a1 (1.7 fold) and Nqo1 (2.4 fold) and Gclc (1.3 fold), and in aortic Cyp1a1 (5.3 fold) in mice exposed to EPFR hi vs filtered air. We then determined that lung AT2 cells were the predominate locus for AhR activation. Together, these data suggest the lung and vasculature as particular targets for the health impacts of EPFRs and demonstrate the importance of additional studies investigating the cardiopulmonary effects of EPFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Aryal
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Alexandra Noël
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Lavrent Khachatryan
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Stephania A Cormier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University A&M College and the Pennington Biomedical Research Institute, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Pratiti H Chowdhury
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University A&M College and the Pennington Biomedical Research Institute, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Arthur Penn
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Tammy R Dugas
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Ashlyn C Harmon
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA.
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Moamer S, Faradmal J, Leili M. Short-term effects of air pollution on hospital admissions of respiratory diseases in Hamadan, Iran, 2015 to 2021. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:97900-97910. [PMID: 37603242 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory diseases have been reported in many countries. Urban areas are most affected because of the many sources of pollution and the large number of people living there. This study aims to investigate the effect of short-term exposure to air pollutants on respiratory hospital admissions in the city of Hamadan. In this ecological study, daily hospital admission data were collected from Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan. Daily information on air pollutants (CO, SO2, NO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10) from Hamadan Department of Environment (DoE) organization and of climate factors from Hamadan Meteorological Office were collected. A negative binomial regression model was used to examine the effect of air pollution on daily respiratory hospitalizations. The effect of exposure to pollutants was measured whit different time lags (0-7 days). Furthermore, the effect of meteorological variables was controlled. Subgroup analyses were performed by sex and age group. A total of 12,454 hospitalizations for respiratory diseases were recorded. Results showed a strong and immediate effect of CO on respiratory hospital admissions with highest association at lag 7 (relative risk (RR) = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.33, 1.42). The effects of CO and SO2 on respiratory hospitalizations are greater for men than women. Regarding the short-term effects of PM2.5, SO2 and O3, adults (aged less than 65) were more prone to hospitalization for respiratory diseases. These results show that exposure to air pollution, particularly CO, may increase hospital admissions due to respiratory illness. So reducing the concentration of these pollutants can reduce the number of hospital admissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Moamer
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Javad Faradmal
- Modeling of Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Leili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhao J, Zhang N, Guo Y, Chen J, Liu Y, Cui Z, Lyu Y, Gao J, Li C, Zhang W, Ma J. Effect of short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants on non-accidental mortality in emergency department visits: a time-series study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1208514. [PMID: 37457252 PMCID: PMC10348907 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1208514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Exposure to air pollution has been linked to an increased risk of premature mortality. However, the acute effects of air pollution on the risk of non-accidental mortality have not been extensively researched in developing countries, and the findings thus far have been inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between short-term exposure to six pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO) and non-accidental mortality in Beijing, China. Methods Daily data on non-accidental deaths were gathered from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018. Air pollution data for the same period were collected from 35 fixed-site air quality monitoring stations in Beijing. Generalized additive models (GAM) based on Poisson regression were used to investigate the association between non-accidental mortality in emergency department visits and the daily average levels of air pollutants. Results There were 8,676 non-accidental deaths recorded during 2017-2018. After sensitivity analysis, short-term exposure to air pollutants, particularly gaseous pollutants, was linked to non-accidental mortality. Specifically, for every 10 μg/m3 increase (5 μg/m3 in SO2, 0.5 mg/m3 in CO) of SO2 (lag 04), NO2 (lag 04), O3 (lag 05), and CO (lag 04), the relative risk (RR) values were 1.054 (95% CI: 1.009, 1.100), 1.038 (95% CI: 1.013, 1.063), 1.032 (95% CI: 1.011, 1.054), and 1.034 (95% CI: 1.004, 1.066), respectively. In terms of causes of death, short-term exposure to NO2, SO2, and O3 increased the risk of circulatory mortality. Further stratified analysis revealed that the stronger associations were presented in females for O3 while in males for CO. People aged 65 and over were strongly associated with ambient air pollution. Conclusions Our study showed that ambient air pollutants were associated with non-accidental mortality. Our findings suggested that efforts to control gaseous pollution should be stepped up, and vulnerable groups should be the focus of health protection education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Naijian Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jiageng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuang Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanjun Lyu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Thoracic Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Cardiovascular Institute, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Changping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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10
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Azad S, Luglio DG, Gordon T, Thurston G, Ghandehari M. Particulate matter concentration and composition in the New York City subway system. ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 14:101767. [PMID: 37275568 PMCID: PMC10237451 DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2023.101767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the concentration and composition of particulate matter (PM2.5) in the New York City subway system. Realtime measurements, at a one-second cadence, and gravimetric measurements were performed inside train cars along 300 kilometers of nine subway lines, as well as on 333 platforms from 287 subway stations. The mean (±SD) PM2.5 concentration on the underground platforms was 142 ± 69 μg/m3 versus 29 ± 20 μg/m3 for aboveground stations. The average Concentrations inside train cars were 88 ± 14 μg/m3 when traveling through underground tunnels and platforms and 29 ± 31 μg/m3 while on aboveground tracks. The particle composition analysis of filtered samples was done using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), revealing that iron made up approximately 43% of the total PM2.5 mass on station platforms, around 126 times higher than the outdoor ambient iron concentration. Other trace elements include silicon, sulfur, copper, nickel, aluminum, calcium, barium, and manganese. Considering the very high iron content, the comparative analysis of the measured concentration versus the standards set by the Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) is questionable since those limits are largely based on particulate matter from fossil fuel combustion. Health impact analysis of iron-based particles will complement the study results presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Azad
- Department of Civil and Urban Engineering, New York University, Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - David G. Luglio
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Terry Gordon
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - George Thurston
- Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Masoud Ghandehari
- Department of Civil and Urban Engineering, New York University, Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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11
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Lu YK, Liu XL, Liu YH, Chen N, Gao HY, Jin YH, Yan YX. The effects of short-term exposure to air pollution on mortality in Baotou, China, during 2015-2019. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:3387-3404. [PMID: 36322227 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution was considered one of the main causes linked to increased morbidity and mortality around the world. This study aimed to estimate the effect of air pollutants on daily death in Baotou city of Inner Mongolia. Daily deaths data were provided by Baotou Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the years 2015-2019 (Baotou CDC). The air pollutants, PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO and maximum 8-h average concentrations of O3, came from the eight environmental monitoring stations in Baotou city. Time-series plots were used to exploit the trend of air pollutants at calendar time. Generalized additive model was used to estimate the effect of air pollutants on daily death. Restricted cubic spline was employed to investigate non-line relationships between air pollutants and daily death. After adjusting the meteorological factors, non-accidental daily deaths were related to PM2.5 (ER = 0.074%) and PM10 (ER = 0.023%), respectively. In stratified analysis, population aged over 65 years and females were more sensitive to air pollutants exposure and warm season might make people more susceptible to air pollutants compared with cold season. PM2.5 and PM10 increase the risk of non-accidental and cardiovascular daily death, but not respiratory daily death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ke Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Liu
- Baotou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baotou, 014000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yu-Hong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hao-Yu Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yan-Hui Jin
- Baotou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Baotou, 014000, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Yu-Xiang Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100069, China.
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12
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Motlogeloa O, Fitchett JM. Climate and human health: a review of publication trends in the International Journal of Biometeorology. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2023:10.1007/s00484-023-02466-8. [PMID: 37129619 PMCID: PMC10153057 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-023-02466-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The climate-health nexus is well documented in the field of biometeorology. Since its inception, Biometeorology has in many ways become the umbrella under which much of this collaborative research has been conducted. Whilst a range of review papers have considered the development of biometeorological research and its coverage in this journal, and a few have reviewed the literature on specific diseases, none have focused on the sub-field of climate and health as a whole. Since its first issue in 1957, the International Journal of Biometeorology has published a total of 2183 papers that broadly consider human health and its relationship with climate. In this review, we identify a total of 180 (8.3%, n = 2183) of these papers that specifically focus on the intersection between meteorological variables and specific, named diagnosable diseases, and explore the publication trends thereof. The number of publications on climate and health in the journal increases considerably since 2011. The largest number of publications on the topic was in 2017 (18) followed by 2021 (17). Of the 180 studies conducted, respiratory diseases accounted for 37.2% of the publications, cardiovascular disease 17%, and cerebrovascular disease 11.1%. The literature on climate and health in the journal is dominated by studies from the global North, with a particular focus on Asia and Europe. Only 2.2% and 8.3% of these studies explore empirical evidence from the African continent and South America respectively. These findings highlight the importance of continued research on climate and human health, especially in low- and lower-middle-income countries, the populations of which are more vulnerable to climate-sensitive illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ogone Motlogeloa
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jennifer M Fitchett
- School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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13
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Jin L, Zhou T, Fang S, Zhou X, Bai Y. Association of air pollutants and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in Lanzhou, China, 2014-2019. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2023; 45:941-959. [PMID: 35384572 PMCID: PMC8985563 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of air pollutants on hospital admissions for respiratory disease (RD) by using distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) in Lanzhou during 2014-2019. In this study, the dataset of air pollutants, meteorological, and daily hospital admissions for RD in Lanzhou, from January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2019, were collected from three national environmental monitoring stations, China meteorological data service center, and three large general hospitals, respectively. A time-series analysis with DLNM was used to estimate the associations between air pollutants and hospital admissions for RD including the stratified analysis of age, gender, and season. The key findings were expressed as the relative risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for single-day and cumulative lag effects (0-7). A total of 90, 942 RD hospitalization cases were identified during the study period. The highest association (RR, 95% CI) of hospital admissions for RD and PM2.5 (1.030, 1.012-1.049), and PM10 (1.009, 1.001-1.015), and NO2 (1.047, 1.024-1.071) were observed at lag 07 for an increase of 10 μg/m3 in the concentrations, and CO at lag07 (1.140, 1.052-1.236) for an increase of 1 mg/m3 in the concentration. We observed that the RR estimates for gaseous pollutants (e.g., CO and NO2) were larger than those of particulate matter (e.g., PM2.5 and PM10). The harmful effects of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and CO were greater in male, people aged 0-14 group and in the cold season. However, no significant association was observed for SO2, O38h, and total hospital admissions for RD. Therefore, some effective intervention strategies should be taken to strengthen the treatment of the ambient air pollutants, especially gaseous pollutants (e.g., CO and NO2), thereby, reducing the burden of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Jin
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000 China
- School of Public Health, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 73000 China
| | - Tian Zhou
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000 China
| | - Shuya Fang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000 China
| | - Xiaowen Zhou
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000 China
| | - Yana Bai
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 73000 China
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14
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Santos A, Lucarevschi B, Cunha C, Ribeiro P, Cesar A, Nascimento L. Exposure to air pollution and hospitalization due to COVID-19 in São José dos Campos, Brazil. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e12273. [PMID: 36383802 PMCID: PMC9668087 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between exposure to air pollutants and respiratory diseases is well known. This study aimed to identify the association between this exposure and hospitalizations for COVID-19 in São José dos Campos, SP, a medium-sized city, between April 2020 and April 2021. Hospitalization data, concerning code B34.2, was supplied by DATASUS, and data concerning pollutants and climate variables were supplied by CETESB. Cases were quantified by sex, age, length of hospital stay in days, and type of discharge, whether hospital discharge or death. The negative binomial regression model was chosen. Estimates were produced for the relative risk (RR) of significant exposure to pollutants (P≤0.05) with a 10 µg/m3 increase of pollutant, as well as for excess hospitalizations. There were 1873 hospitalizations, with a daily average of 4.7 (±3.8), ranging from zero to 21: 716 deaths (38.2%) were recorded, 1065 admissions were men, and women were less susceptible (OR=0.82). The average age of women was higher than that of men; in cases of death, men were older than women; discharged patients were younger. All the above variables were significant. The risk of ozone exposure was higher and more significant in Lag 2, and the risk of nitrogen dioxide exposure was high in Lag 3, which was the period of the highest increase in hospitalizations, at 11.3%. The findings of this study, the first conducted in Brazil, corroborate the results of studies conducted in other centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.O.R. Santos
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brasil
| | - B.R. Lucarevschi
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brasil
| | - C.J.D. Cunha
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brasil
| | - P.C. Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brasil
| | - A.C.G. Cesar
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brasil
| | - L.F. Nascimento
- Faculdade de Engenharia de Guaratinguetá, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brasil,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade de Taubaté, Taubaté, SP, Brasil
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15
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Álvaro-Meca A, Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Resino R, Ryan P, Martínez I, Resino S. Neighborhood environmental factors linked to hospitalizations of older people for viral lower respiratory tract infections in Spain: a case-crossover study. Environ Health 2022; 21:107. [PMID: 36348411 PMCID: PMC9640778 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower respiratory tract viral infection (LRTI) is a significant cause of morbidity-mortality in older people worldwide. We analyzed the association between short-term exposure to environmental factors (climatic factors and outdoor air pollution) and hospital admissions with a viral LRTI diagnosis in older adults. METHODS We conducted a bidirectional case-crossover study in 6367 patients over 65 years of age with viral LRTI and residential zip code in the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set. Spain's State Meteorological Agency was the source of environmental data. Associations were assessed using conditional logistic regression. P-values were corrected for false discovery rate (q-values). RESULTS Almost all were hospital emergency admissions (98.13%), 18.64% were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), and 7.44% died. The most frequent clinical discharge diagnosis was influenza (90.25%). LRTI hospital admissions were more frequent when there were lower values of temperature and O3 and higher values of relative humidity and NO2. The regression analysis adjusted by temperatures and relative humidity showed higher concentrations at the hospital admission for NO2 [compared to the lag time of 1-week (q-value< 0.001) and 2-weeks (q-value< 0.001)] and O3 [compared to the lag time of 3-days (q-value< 0.001), 1-week (q-value< 0.001), and 2-weeks (q-value< 0.001)] were related to a higher odds of hospital admissions due to viral LRTI. Moreover, higher concentrations of PM10 at the lag time of 1-week (q-value = 0.023) and 2-weeks (q-value = 0.002), and CO at the lag time of 3-days (q-value = 0.023), 1-week (q-value< 0.001) and 2-weeks (q-value< 0.001)], compared to the day of hospitalization, were related to a higher chances of hospital admissions with viral LRTI. CONCLUSION Unfavorable environmental factors (low temperatures, high relative humidity, and high concentrations of NO2, O3, PM10, and CO) increased the odds of hospital admissions with viral LRTI among older people, indicating they are potentially vulnerable to these environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Álvaro-Meca
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Resino
- Departamento de Geografía, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Ryan
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidoro Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Resino
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Unidad de Infección Viral e Inmunidad, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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16
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Singh A. Ambient air pollution and COVID-19 in Delhi, India: a time-series evidence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:2575-2588. [PMID: 34538153 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1977258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the short-term health effects of ambient air pollutants PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO on COVID-19 daily new cases and COVID-19 daily new deaths. A time-series design used in this study. Data were obtained from 1 April 2020 to 31 December 2020 in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, India. The generalized additive models (GAMs) were applied to explore the associations of six air pollutants with COVID-19 daily new cases and COVID-19 daily new deaths. The GAMs revealed statistically significant associations of ambient air pollutants with COVID-19 daily new cases and COVID-19 daily new deaths. These findings suggest that governments need to give greater considerations to regions with higher concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO, since these areas may experience a more serious COVID-19 pandemic or, in general, any respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Singh
- Department of Mathematics and Scientific Computing, National Institute of Technology Hamirpur, Hamirpur, Himchal Pradesh, India
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17
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Hassan MA, Mehmood T, Lodhi E, Bilal M, Dar AA, Liu J. Lockdown Amid COVID-19 Ascendancy over Ambient Particulate Matter Pollution Anomaly. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13540. [PMID: 36294120 PMCID: PMC9603700 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Air is a diverse mixture of gaseous and suspended solid particles. Several new substances are being added to the air daily, polluting it and causing human health effects. Particulate matter (PM) is the primary health concern among these air toxins. The World Health Organization (WHO) addressed the fact that particulate pollution affects human health more severely than other air pollutants. The spread of air pollution and viruses, two of our millennium's most serious concerns, have been linked closely. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can spread through the air, and PM could act as a host to spread the virus beyond those in close contact. Studies on COVID-19 cover diverse environmental segments and become complicated with time. As PM pollution is related to everyday life, an essential awareness regarding PM-impacted COVID-19 among the masses is required, which can help researchers understand the various features of ambient particulate pollution, particularly in the era of COVID-19. Given this, the present work provides an overview of the recent developments in COVID-19 research linked to ambient particulate studies. This review summarizes the effect of the lockdown on the characteristics of ambient particulate matter pollution, the transmission mechanism of COVID-19, and the combined health repercussions of PM pollution. In addition to a comprehensive evaluation of the implementation of the lockdown, its rationales-based on topographic and socioeconomic dynamics-are also discussed in detail. The current review is expected to encourage and motivate academics to concentrate on improving air quality management and COVID-19 control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azher Hassan
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tariq Mehmood
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ehtisham Lodhi
- The SKL for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Surveying and Land Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Afzal Ahmed Dar
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710000, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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18
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Recent Insights into Particulate Matter (PM 2.5)-Mediated Toxicity in Humans: An Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127511. [PMID: 35742761 PMCID: PMC9223652 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiologic and toxicological studies have commonly viewed ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), defined as particles having an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 µm, as a significant potential danger to human health. PM2.5 is mostly absorbed through the respiratory system, where it can infiltrate the lung alveoli and reach the bloodstream. In the respiratory system, reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) and oxidative stress stimulate the generation of mediators of pulmonary inflammation and begin or promote numerous illnesses. According to the most recent data, fine particulate matter, or PM2.5, is responsible for nearly 4 million deaths globally from cardiopulmonary illnesses such as heart disease, respiratory infections, chronic lung disease, cancers, preterm births, and other illnesses. There has been increased worry in recent years about the negative impacts of this worldwide danger. The causal associations between PM2.5 and human health, the toxic effects and potential mechanisms of PM2.5, and molecular pathways have been described in this review.
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19
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Akan AP. Transmission of COVID-19 pandemic (Turkey) associated with short-term exposure of air quality and climatological parameters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:41695-41712. [PMID: 35098452 PMCID: PMC8801283 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18403-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to investigate associations between air pollution, climate parameters, and the diffusion of COVID-19-confirmed cases in Turkey using Spearman's correlation test as an empirical methodology by Statgraphics Centurion XVI (version 16.1) and to determine the risk factors accelerating the spread of SARS-CoV-2 virus. The present study demonstrates the strong impacts of air pollutants and weather conditions on the transmission of COVID-19 morbidity. Particularly, O3 and PM10 from air quality parameters exhibited the strongest correlation with the number of daily cases in Kütahya (rs = -0.62; p < 0.05) and Sivas (rs = -0.62; p < 0.05) provinces, respectively. In meteorological parameters, rainfall showed the highest impact (rs = 0.76; p < 0.05) on the number of daily COVID-19 cases in Denizli distinct. Moreover, this study suggested that the diffusion of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in regions with high levels of air pollution and low wind speed is dominant. To prevent the negative effects of the future pandemic crisis on public health and economic systems, manifold implications to encourage strategies to reduce air pollution in the polluted region such as being prevalent the usage of renewable energy technologies in particular electricity generation and sustainable policies such as improving the health system should be implemented by decision-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aytac Perihan Akan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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20
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Keshtkar M, Heidari H, Moazzeni N, Azadi H. Analysis of changes in air pollution quality and impact of COVID-19 on environmental health in Iran: application of interpolation models and spatial autocorrelation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:38505-38526. [PMID: 35080722 PMCID: PMC8790552 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the global COVID-19 epidemic, humans are faced with a new challenge. The concept of quarantine as a preventive measure has changed human activities in all aspects of life. This challenge has led to changes in the environment as well. The air quality index is one of the immediate concrete parameters. In this study, the actual potential of quarantine effects on the air quality index and related variables in Tehran, the capital of Iran, is assessed, where, first, the data on the pollutant reference concentration for all measuring stations in Tehran, from February 19 to April 19, from 2017 to 2020, are monitored and evaluated. This study investigated the hourly concentrations of six particulate matters (PM), including PM2.5, PM10, and air contaminants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO). Changes in pollution rate during the study period can be due to reduced urban traffic, small industrial activities, and dust mites of urban and industrial origins. Although pollution has declined in most regions during the COVID-19 quarantine period, the PM2.5 rate has not decreased significantly, which might be of natural origins such as dust. Next, the air quality index for the stations is calculated, and then, the interpolation is made by evaluating the root mean square (RMS) of different models. The local and global Moran index indicates that the changes and the air quality index in the study area are clustered and have a high spatial autocorrelation. The results indicate that although the bad air quality is reduced due to quarantine, major changes are needed in urban management to provide favorable conditions. Contaminants can play a role in transmitting COVID-19 as a carrier of the virus. It is suggested that due to the rise in COVID-19 and temperature in Iran, in future studies, the effect of increased temperature on COVID-19 can be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Keshtkar
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Department of Environmental Planning, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Heidari
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, Department of Environmental Planning, Management & Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Niloofar Moazzeni
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Department of Environmental Planning, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Azadi
- Research Group Climate Change and Security, Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Jin JQ, Han D, Tian Q, Chen ZY, Ye YS, Lin QX, Ou CQ, Li L. Individual exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and hospital admissions for COPD in 110 hospitals: a case-crossover study in Guangzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11699-11706. [PMID: 34545525 PMCID: PMC8794997 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have evaluated the short-term association between hospital admissions and individual exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM2.5). Particularly, no studies focused on hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at the individual level. We assessed the short-term effects of PM2.5 on hospitalization admissions for COPD in Guangzhou, China, during 2014-2015, based on satellite-derived estimates of ambient PM2.5 concentrations at a 1-km resolution near the residential address as individual-level exposure for each patient. Around 40,002 patients with COPD admitted to 110 hospitals were included in this study. A time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression models was applied to assess the effects of PM2.5 based on a 1-km grid data of aerosol optical depth provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration on hospital admissions for COPD. Further, we performed stratified analyses by individual demographic characteristics and season of hospital admission. Around 10 μg/m3 increase in individual-level PM2.5 was associated with an increase of 1.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6%, 2.7%) in hospitalization for COPD at a lag of 0-5 days. The impact of PM2.5 on hospitalization for COPD was greater significantly in males and patients admitted in summer. Our study strengthened the evidence for the adverse effect of PM2.5 based on satellite-based individual-level exposure data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Qi Jin
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Dong Han
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Qi Tian
- Guangzhou Health Technology Identification & Human Resources Assessment Center, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhao-Yue Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yun-Shao Ye
- Guangzhou Health Technology Identification & Human Resources Assessment Center, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiao-Xuan Lin
- Guangzhou Health Technology Identification & Human Resources Assessment Center, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chun-Quan Ou
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Department of Biostatistics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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22
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Yan X, Wang Z, Wang X, Zhang X, Wang L, Lu Z, Jia Z. Association between human coronaviruses' epidemic and environmental factors on a global scale. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:14333-14347. [PMID: 34609683 PMCID: PMC8490851 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental factors could influence the epidemic of virus in human; however, the association remains intricate, and the evidence is still not clear in human coronaviruses (HCoVs). We aimed to explore and compare the associations between HCoVs' epidemic and environmental factors globally. Four common HCoVs' data were collected by a systematic literature review, and data of MERS, SARS, and COVID-19 were collected from the World Health Organization's reports. Monthly positive rates of common HCoVs and incidence rates of MERS, SARS, and COVID-19 were calculated. Geographical coordinates were used to link virus data and environmental data. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to quantitatively estimate the association of environmental factors with HCoVs' epidemic. We found that there are wide associations between HCoVs and environmental factors on a global scale, and some of the associations were nonlinear. In addition, COVID-19 has the most similarities in associations' direction with common HCoVs, especially for HCoV-HKU1 in four environmental factors including the significantly negative associations with average temperature, precipitation, vegetation coverage (p<0.05), and the U-shaped association with temperature range. This study strengthened the relevant research evidences and provided significant insights into the epidemic rules of HCoVs in general. The similarities between COVID-19 and common HCoVs indicated that it is critically important to strengthen surveillance on common HCoVs and pay more attention to environmental factors' role in surveillance and early warning of HCoVs' epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Yan
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zekun Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xuechun Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lianhao Wang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zuhong Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Zhongwei Jia
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Center for Drug Abuse Control and Prevention, National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Xu S, Liu Q, Lu X. Shock effect of COVID-19 infection on environmental quality and economic development in China: causal linkages (Health Economic Evaluation). ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2022; 24:9102-9117. [PMID: 34539229 PMCID: PMC8441028 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-021-01814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported on December 2019 in Wuhan, it fast spread to the rest of China, which has turned into a global public health problem later and generated global stock markets to violently shake. We inspect the causal relationships between economic development (ED) and environmental quality (EQ) during the period from January 2019 to May 2020 with the structural break for China and investigate the causal linkages between ED and EQ in subgroup of before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 with a semi-parametric model. The empirical tests show that smoothing structural transforms matter for the linkages of causality between ED and EQ, especially after COVID-19 infection. While the Toda-Yamamoto causality analysis supports unidirectional causality between ED and EQ before the outbreak of COVID-19, under structural shifts by the causality supplies of bidirectional casual linkages after the outbreak of COVID-19. Our results further clarified the proof that the economic activity gives rise to the environmental pollution and energy utilization mainly via the shock of COVID-19 in China. The emphasis on nonlinear causality between economic development and environmental quality may be an opportunity for China's economic recovery under considering the factor of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxia Xu
- School of Statistics, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Statistics, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing, 100070 China
| | - Xiaoli Lu
- Institute of Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100101 China
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Ribeiro PC, da Cunha CJD, dos Santos ADOR, Lucarevschi BR, César ACG, Nascimento LFC. Association between exposure to air pollutants and hospitalization for SARS-Cov-2: an ecological time-series study. SAO PAULO MED J 2022; 141:e2022210. [PMID: 36197352 PMCID: PMC10065099 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0210.r2.09082022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to air pollutants and illness by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection can cause serious pulmonary impairment. OBJECTIVE To identify a possible association between exposure to air pollutants and hospitalizations due to SARS-Cov-2. DESIGN AND SETTING Ecological time-series study carried out in Taubaté, Tremembé, and Pindamonhangaba in 2020 and 2021. METHODS Study with Sars-Cov-2 hospitalizations with information on hospitalization date, sex and age of the subjects, duration of hospitalization, type of discharge, and costs of these hospitalizations. Statistical analysis was performed through a negative binomial regression, with data on pollutant concentrations, temperature, air relative humidity, and hospitalization date. Coefficients obtained by the analysis were transformed into relative risk for hospitalization, which estimated hospitalizations excess according to an increase in pollutant concentrations. RESULTS There were 1,300 hospitalizations and 368 deaths, with a predominance of men (61.7%). These data represent an incidence rate of 250.4 per 100,000 inhabitants and 28.4% hospital lethality. Significant exposure (P value < 0.05) occurred seven days before hospital admission (lag 7) for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (relative risk, RR = 1.0124) and two days before hospital admission for PM2.5 (RR = 1.0216). A 10 μg/m3 in NO2 concentration would decrease by 320 hospitalizations and » US $ 240,000 in costs; a 5 μg/m3 in PM2.5 concentration would decrease by 278 hospitalizations and » US $ 190,000 in costs. CONCLUSION An association between exposure to air pollutants and hospital admission due to Sars-Cov-2 was observed with excess hospitalization and costs for the Brazilian public health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cristina Ribeiro
- MSc. Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program on Mechanical
Engineering, Department of Energy, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP),
Guaratinguetá (SP), Brazil
| | - Cristóvão José Dias da Cunha
- MSc. Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program on Mechanical
Engineering, Department of Energy, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP),
Guaratinguetá (SP), Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Rezende Lucarevschi
- MD, PhD. Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine,
Universidade de Taubaté (UNITAU), Taubaté (SP), Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Gobbo César
- PhD. Assistant Professor, Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência
e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP), Campus Bragança Paulista (SP), Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Costa Nascimento
- MD, PhD. Researcher, Postgraduate Program on Mechanical
Engineering, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP), Guaratinguetá (SP),
Brazil; and Researcher, Postgraduate Program on Environmental Sciences,
Universidade de Taubaté (UNITAU), Taubaté (SP), Brazil
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25
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Huang H, Lin C, Liu X, Zhu L, Avellán-Llaguno RD, Lazo MML, Ai X, Huang Q. The impact of air pollution on COVID-19 pandemic varied within different cities in South America using different models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:543-552. [PMID: 34331646 PMCID: PMC8325399 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15508-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a rising concern that air pollution plays an important role in the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the results were not consistent on the association between air pollution and the spread of COVID-19. In the study, air pollution data and the confirmed cases of COVID-19 were both gathered from five severe cities across three countries in South America. Daily real-time population regeneration (Rt) was calculated to assess the spread of COVID-19. Two frequently used models, generalized additive models (GAM) and multiple linear regression, were both used to explore the impact of environmental pollutants on the epidemic. Wide ranges of all six air pollutants were detected across the five cities. Spearman's correlation analysis confirmed the positive correlation within six pollutants. Rt value showed a gradual decline in all the five cities. Further analysis showed that the association between air pollution and COVID-19 varied across five cities. According to our research results, even for the same region, varied models gave inconsistent results. For example, in Sao Paulo, both models show SO2 and O3 are significant independent variables, however, the GAM model shows that PM10 has a nonlinear negative correlation with Rt, while PM10 has no significant correlation in the multiple linear model. Moreover, in the case of multiple regions, currently used models should be selected according to local conditions. Our results indicate that there is a significant relationship between air pollution and COVID-19 infection, which will help states, health practitioners, and policy makers in combating the COVID-19 pandemic in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Huang
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Congtian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservational Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Liting Zhu
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Ricardo David Avellán-Llaguno
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | | | - Xiaoyan Ai
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Birth Defect for Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, 318 Bayi Avenue, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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26
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Bai H, He LY, Wu DL, Gao FZ, Zhang M, Zou HY, Yao MS, Ying GG. Spread of airborne antibiotic resistance from animal farms to the environment: Dispersal pattern and exposure risk. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106927. [PMID: 34673316 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Animal farms have been considered as the critical reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). Spread of antibiotic resistance from animal farms to the surrounding environments via aerosols has become a growing concern. Here we investigated the dispersal pattern and exposure risk of airborne ARGs (especially in zoonotic pathogens) in the environment of chicken and dairy farms. Aerosol, dust and animal feces samples were collected from the livestock houses and surrounding environments (upwind and downwind areas) for assessing ARG profiles. Antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype of airborne Staphylococcus spp. was especially analyzed to reveal the exposure risk of airborne ARGs. Results showed that airborne ARGs were detected from upwind (50 m/100 m) and downwind (50 m/100 m/150 m) air environment, wherein at least 30% of bacterial taxa dispersed from the animal houses. Moreover, atmospheric dispersion modeling showed that airborne ARGs can disperse from the animal houses to a distance of 10 km along the wind direction. Clinically important pathogens were identified in airborne culturable bacteria. Genus of Staphylococcus, Sphingomonas and Acinetobacter were potential bacterial host of airborne ARGs. Airborne Staphylococcus spp. were isolated from the environment of chicken farm (n = 148) and dairy farm (n = 87). It is notable that all isolates from chicken-related environment were multidrug-resistance (>3 clinical-relevant antibiotics), with more than 80% of them carrying methicillin resistance gene (mecA) and associated ARGs and MGEs. Presence of numerous ARGs and diverse pathogens in dust from animal houses and the downwind residential areas indicated the accumulation of animal feces origin ARGs in bioaerosols. Employees and local residents in the chick farming environment are exposed to chicken originated ARGs and multidrug resistant Staphylococcus spp. via inhalation. This study highlights the potential exposure risks of airborne ARGs and antibiotic resistant pathogens to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Bai
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liang-Ying He
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dai-Ling Wu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Fang-Zhou Gao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Min Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zou
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Yao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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27
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Roviello V, Roviello GN. Less COVID-19 deaths in southern and insular Italy explained by forest bathing, Mediterranean environment, and antiviral plant volatile organic compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2022; 20:7-17. [PMID: 34483793 PMCID: PMC8408569 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01309-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is causing major sanitary and socioeconomic issues, yet some locations are less impacted than others. While densely populated areas are likely to favor viral transmission, we hypothesize that other environmental factors could explain lower cases in some areas. We studied COVID-19 impact and population statistics in highly forested Mediterranean Italian regions versus some northern regions where the amount of trees per capita is much lower. We also evaluated the affinity of Mediterranean plant-emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) isoprene, α-pinene, linalool and limonene for COVID-19 protein targets by molecular docking modeling. Results show that while mean death number increased about 4 times from 2020 to 2021, the percentage of deaths per population (0.06-0.10%) was lower in the greener Mediterranean regions such as Sardinia, Calabria and Basilica versus northern regions with low forest coverage, such as Lombardy (0.33%) and Emilia Romagna (0.29%). Data also show that the pandemic severity cannot be explained solely by population density. Modeling reveals that plant organic compounds could bind and interfere with the complex formed by the receptor binding domain of the coronavirus spike protein with the human cell receptor. Overall, our findings are likely explained by sea proximity and mild climate, Mediterranean diet and the abundance of non-deciduous Mediterranean plants which emit immunomodulatory and antiviral compounds. Potential implications include 'forest bathing' as a therapeutic practice, designing nasal sprays containing plant volatile organic compounds, and preserving and increasing forest coverage. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10311-021-01309-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Roviello
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMaPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni N. Roviello
- Istituto Di Biostrutture E Bioimmagini, IBB–CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
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Zhang F, Han Y, Cong B. Reflections Based on Pollution Changes Brought by COVID-19 Lockdown in Shanghai. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10613. [PMID: 34682358 PMCID: PMC8536036 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 and its variants have been changing the world. The spread of variants brings severe effects to the global economy and to human's lives and health, as well as to society. Lockdown is proven to be effective in stopping the spread. It also provides a chance to study natural environmental changes with humanity's limited interference. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of lockdown on five major airborne pollutants, i.e., NO2, SO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10, in the three different functional regions of Chongming, Xuhui and Jinshan of Shanghai. Changes in the same pollutants from the three regions over the same/different periods were all studied and compared. Overall, the COVID-19 lockdown has changed pollutant concentrations in the long and short terms. Concentrations of four pollutants decreased, except for that of earth surface O3, which increased. SO2 had significant correlations with all other pollutants. PM2.5 and PM10 are more externally input than locally produced. NO2, SO2 and PM levels sharply reduced in Jinshan and Xuhui due to the limited usage of fossil fuel. Lockdown improved the air quality. People now have a chance to rethink the value of life and the harmony between economic progress and environmental protection. This is helpful to establish sustainable societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- MNR Key Laboratory for Polar Science, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;
| | - Bailin Cong
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), Qingdao 266061, China
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Zhang M, Zhu Y. Association between particulate matter pollution and the incidence of mumps in 31 provinces from China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51210-51216. [PMID: 33977431 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have found that particulate matter (PM) pollution is a risk factor for respiratory disease by affecting body's immunity and carrying microorganisms. This study aimed to explore the association between PM and the incidence of mumps in 31 provinces from China. Monthly mumps cases, air pollution concentration, and meteorological factors in each province were obtained between January 2014 to December 2017. We used a generalized additive model (GAM) to investigate the associations of PM2.5 and PM10 with monthly mumps cases. We also tested the statistical significance of the differences between effect estimates in the warm season (April to September) and cold season (October to March) to explore potential effect modification. We found that a 10-μg/m3 increase (lag0) in PM2.5, and PM10 was associated with a 2.34% (95% CI: 1.32 to 3.36) and 1.90% (95% CI: 1.19 to 2.62) increase in the monthly counts of mumps cases, respectively. We also observed significant positive associations of PM2.5 and PM10 with mumps cases at lag0-1. These results were robust in our sensitivity analyses. No significant differences were found between the season-specific effects. Our results indicate that there is a positive relationship between PM and the incidence of mumps, which provides important implications for the prevention and control of mumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Zhang
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yongjian Zhu
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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30
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State-of-the-Art of Establishing Test Procedures for Real Driving Gaseous Emissions from Light- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14144195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution caused by vehicle emissions has raised serious public health concerns. Vehicle emissions generally depend on many factors, such as the nature of the vehicle, driving style, traffic conditions, emission control technologies, and operational conditions. Concerns about the certification cycles used by various regulatory authorities are growing due to the difference in emission during certification procedure and Real Driving Emissions (RDE). Under laboratory conditions, certification tests are performed in a ‘chassis dynamometer’ for light-duty vehicles (LDVs) and an ‘engine dynamometer’ for heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs). As a result, the test drive cycles used to measure the automotive emissions do not correctly reflect the vehicle’s real-world driving pattern. Consequently, the RDE regulation is being phased in to reduce the disparity between type approval and vehicle’s real-world emissions. According to this review, different variables such as traffic signals, driving dynamics, congestions, altitude, ambient temperature, and so on have a major influence on actual driving pollution. Aside from that, cold-start and hot-start have been shown to have an effect on on-road pollution. Contrary to common opinion, new technology such as start-stop systems boost automotive emissions rather than decreasing them owing to unfavourable conditions from the point of view of exhaust emissions and exhaust after-treatment systems. In addition, the driving dynamics are not represented in the current laboratory-based test procedures. As a result, it is critical to establish an on-road testing protocol to obtain a true representation of vehicular emissions and reduce emissions to a standard level. The incorporation of RDE clauses into certification procedures would have a positive impact on global air quality.
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31
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Amnuaylojaroen T, Parasin N. The Association Between COVID-19, Air Pollution, and Climate Change. Front Public Health 2021; 9:662499. [PMID: 34295866 PMCID: PMC8290155 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.662499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This mini-review aims to highlight both the positive and negative relationship between COVID-19 and air pollution and climate change based on current studies. Since, COVID-19 opened a bibliographic door to scientific production, so there was a limit to research at the moment. There were two sides to the relationship between COVID-19 and both air pollution and climate change. The associated with climate change, in particular, defines the relationship very loosely. Many studies have revealed a positive correlation between COVID-19 and each air pollutants, while some studies shown a negative correlation. There were a few studies that focused on the relationship between COVID-19 in terms of climate. Meanwhile, there were many studies explained the relationship with meteorological factors instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teerachai Amnuaylojaroen
- School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
- Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Nichapa Parasin
- School of Allied Health Science, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
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Pei L, Wang X, Guo B, Guo H, Yu Y. Do air pollutants as well as meteorological factors impact Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Evidence from China based on the geographical perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:35584-35596. [PMID: 33674974 PMCID: PMC7935479 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 is still a huge challenge that seriously threatens public health globally. Previous studies focused on the influence of air pollutants and probable meteorological parameters on confirmed COVID-19 infections via epidemiological methods, whereas the findings of relations between possible variables and COVID-19 incidences using geographical perspective were scarce. In the present study, data concerning confirmed COVID-19 cases and possible affecting factors were collected for 325 cities across China up to May 27, 2020. The geographically weighted regression (GWR) model was introduced to explore the impact of probable determinants on confirmed COVID-19 incidences. Some results were obtained. AQI, PM2.5, and PM10 demonstrated significantly positive impacts on COVID-19 during the most study period with the majority lag group (P< 0.05). Nevertheless, the relation of temperature with COVID-19 was significantly negative (P< 0.05). Especially, CO exhibited a negative effect on COVID-19 in most study period with the majority lag group. The impacts of each possible determinant on COVID-19 represented significantly spatial heterogeneity. The obvious influence of the majority of possible factors on COVID-19 was mainly detected during the after lockdown period with the lag 21 group. Although the COVID-19 spreading has been effectively controlled by tough measures taken by the Chinese government, the study findings remind us to address the air pollution issues persistently for protecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Pei
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin Guo
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hongjun Guo
- Weinan Central Hospital, Weinan, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Wang X, Xu Z, Su H, Ho HC, Song Y, Zheng H, Hossain MZ, Khan MA, Bogale D, Zhang H, Wei J, Cheng J. Ambient particulate matter (PM 1, PM 2.5, PM 10) and childhood pneumonia: The smaller particle, the greater short-term impact? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:145509. [PMID: 33571778 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smaller sizes of ambient particulate matter (PM) can be more toxic and can be breathed into lower lobes of a lung. Children are particularly vulnerable to PM air pollution because of their adverse effects on both lung functions and lung development. However, it remains unknown whether a smaller PM has a greater short-term impact on childhood pneumonia. AIMS We compared the short-term effects on childhood pneumonia from PM with aerodynamic diameters ≤1 μm (PM1), ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), and ≤10 μm (PM10), respectively. METHODS Daily time-series data (2016-2018) on pneumonia hospitalizations in children aged 0-17 years, records of air pollution (PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and gaseous pollutants), and weather conditions were obtained for Hefei, China. Effects of different PM were quantified using a quasi-Poisson generalized additive model after controlling for day of the week, holiday, seasonality and long-term time trend, and weather variables. Stratified analyses (gender, age, and season) were also performed. RESULTS For each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 concentrations over the past three days (lag 0-2), the risk of pneumonia hospitalizations increased by 10.28% (95%CI: 5.88%-14.87%), 1.21% (95%CI: 0.34%-2.09%), and 1.10% (95%CI: 0.44%-1.76%), respectively. Additionally, both boys and girls were at risk of PM1 effects, while PM2.5 and PM10 effects were only seen in boys. Children aged ≤12 months and 1-4 years were affected by PM1, but PM2.5 and PM10 were only associated with children aged 1-4 years. Furthermore, PM1 effects were greater in autumn and winter, while greater PM2.5 and PM10 effects were evident only in autumn. CONCLUSION This study suggests a greater short-term impact on childhood pneumonia from PM1 in comparison to PM2.5 and PM10. Given the serious PM pollution in China and other rapid developing countries due to various combustions and emissions, more investigations are needed to determine the impact of different PM on childhood respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Department of Science and Education, Children's Hospital of Anhui Medical University (Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hong Su
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimeng Song
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China; Smart Cities Research Institute, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Mohammad Zahid Hossain
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Daniel Bogale
- College of Health Sciences, Arsi University, Asela, Ethiopia
| | - Heng Zhang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH), affiliated with the Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Jian Cheng
- School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China.
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Zhang F, Zhang Y, Liu L, Jiao A, Chen D, Xiang Q, Fang J, Ding Z, Zhang Y. Assessing PM 2.5-associated risk of hospitalization for COPD: an application of daily excessive concentration hours. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:30267-30277. [PMID: 33590391 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12655-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Existing PM2.5-morbidity studies using daily mean concentration as exposure metric may fail to capture intra-day variations of PM2.5 concentrations, resulting in underestimated health impacts to some extent. This study introduced a novel indicator, daily excessive concentration hours (DECH), defined as sums of per-hourly excessive concentrations of PM2.5 against a specific threshold within a day. PM2.5 DECHs were separately calculated as daily concentration-hours >8, 10, 15, 20, and 25 μg/m3 (abbreviations: DECH-8, DECH-10, DECH-15, DECH-20, and DECH-25). We adopted a time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression models to compare risks of hospitalizations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with PM2.5 mean and DECHs in Shenzhen, China. We observed highly comparable PM2.5-COPD associations using exposure metrics of daily mean and DECHs with above-defined thresholds. For instance, PM2.5 mean and DECHs showed similar increases in risks of COPD hospitalization for an interquartile range rise in exposure, with odds ratio estimates of 1.26 (95% confidence interval: 1.06-1.50) for PM2.5 mean, 1.24 (1.05-1.46) for DECH-10 and 1.21 (1.06-1.39) for DECH-25, respectively. Findings remained robust after further adjusting for gaseous pollutants (e.g., SO2, NO2, CO, and O3) and meteorologic factors (e.g., wind speed and air pressure). Our study strengthened the evidence that DECHs could come be as a novel exposure metric in health risk assessments associated with short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faxue Zhang
- Center of Health Administration and Development Studies, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Linjiong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Anqi Jiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Dieyi Chen
- Department of Global Health, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qianqian Xiang
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jiaying Fang
- Medical Department, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510800, China
| | - Zan Ding
- The Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Baoan Central Hospital of Shenzhen, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518102, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunquan Zhang
- Center of Health Administration and Development Studies, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, China.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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Briz-Redón Á, Belenguer-Sapiña C, Serrano-Aroca Á. Changes in air pollution during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain: A multi-city study. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 101:16-26. [PMID: 33334512 PMCID: PMC7402215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has escalated into one of the largest crises of the 21st Century. The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, responsible for COVID-19, has spread rapidly all around the world. The Spanish Government was forced to declare a nationwide lockdown in view of the rapidly spreading virus and high mortality rate in the nation. This study investigated the impact of short-term lockdown during the period from March 15th to April 12th 2020 on the atmospheric levels of CO, SO2, PM10, O3, and NO2 over 11 representative Spanish cities. The possible influence of several meteorological factors (temperature, precipitation, wind, sunlight hours, minimum and maximum pressure) on the pollutants' levels were also considered. The results obtained show that the 4-week lockdown had significant impact on reducing the atmospheric levels of NO2 in all cities except for the small city of Santander as well as CO, SO2, and PM10 in some cities, but resulted in increase of O3 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Briz-Redón
- Statistics Office, City Council of Valencia, c/Arquebisbe Mayoral, 2, 46002 Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Belenguer-Sapiña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, c/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Roviello V, Roviello GN. Lower COVID-19 mortality in Italian forested areas suggests immunoprotection by Mediterranean plants. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2021; 19:699-710. [PMID: 32837486 PMCID: PMC7427271 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-020-01063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has induced dramatic effects on the population of the industrialized north of Italy, whereas it has not heavily affected inhabitants of the southern regions. This might be explained in part by human exposure to high levels of fine particulate matter (PM) in the air of northern Italy, thus exacerbating the mortality. Since trees mitigate air pollution by intercepting PM onto plant surfaces and bolster the human immune system by emitting bioactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs), we hypothesize a protective role of evergreen forested areas in southern Italy. We compared the mortality rate due to COVID-19, the death number, the positivity rate and the forest coverage per capita in various Italian regions. Hectares of forest per capita and prevalence of deciduous versus evergreen forestal species were also estimated. In silico docking studies of potentially protective compounds found in Laurus nobilis L., a typical Mediterranean plant, were performed to search for potential antivirals. We found that the pandemic's severity was generally lower in southern regions, especially those with more than 0.3 hectares of forest per capita. The lowest mortality rates were found in southern Italy, mainly in regions like Molise (0.007%) and Basilicata (0.005%) where the forest per capita ratio is higher than 0.5 Ha/person. Our findings suggest that evergreen Mediterranean forests and shrubland plants could have protected the southern population by emission of immuno-modulating VOCs and provision of dietary sources of bioactive compounds. Moreover, in silico studies revealed a potential anti-COVID-19 activity in laurusides, which are unexplored glycosides from bay laurel. Overall, our results highlight the importance of nature conservation and applications to the search for natural antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Roviello
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering (DICMaPI), University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni N. Roviello
- Istituto Di Biostrutture E Bioimmagini IBB - CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy
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Singh A, Haq I. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): origin, transmission through the environment, health effects, and mitigation strategies-a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY (SINGAPORE) 2021; 4:515-526. [PMID: 36761792 PMCID: PMC8407402 DOI: 10.1007/s42398-021-00204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in China and subsequently spread globally, resulting in a severe pandemic, and officially declared a significant health emergency by World Health Organization (WHO). Genetic analysis of coronavirus isolated from bats, snakes, and Malay pangolins suggested that they could be intermediate hosts for SARS-CoV-2. The transfer of virus from person to person has been confirmed widely, while the actual source of origin is still unknown. COVID-19 is a highly contagious and infectious disease, and the worldwide transmission of coronavirus has intense effects on the lives of human beings. The spread of the virus is observed mainly through close contact with the infected person due to coughing, sniffing or indirectly through the contaminated surfaces. If people touch contaminated surfaces through their hands, mouth, nose, or eye, it enters the body and causes disease. Also, the virus may transmit through air droplets, water, food, fecal-oral transmission, etc. The infection of virus in human beings could be detected by direct symptoms, or different diagnostic tools are available to determine the viral load. Various safety measures are used to contain the virus, including disinfectants, antiviral drugs, vaccines, wearing masks, social distancing, etc. In the present review, we have focused on transmission of COVID-19 through air and wastewater as environmental transmission modes. We have also discussed the origin of the virus, its mode of action, host immune response, vulnerability, varying symptoms and diagnosis, prevention and control. Further, we have discussed the various treatment options to cope with this viral outbreak. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Singh
- Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research-DRDO, Haldwani, Uttarakhand 263139 India
| | - Izharul Haq
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039 India
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Sui X, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Sun S, Lei R, Zhang C, Cheng H, Ding L, Ding R, Xiao C, Li X, Cao J. The short-term effect of PM 2.5/O 3 on daily mortality from 2013 to 2018 in Hefei, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:153-169. [PMID: 32785823 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research intends to explore the short-term impacts of PM2.5/O3 on daily death in Hefei from 2013 to 2018. Data on daily death of Hefei residents, meteorological factors, and air pollutants were collected from Jan 1, 2013, to Dec 31, 2018. The correlation between PM2.5/O3 and daily death in Hefei during the research period was studied by time series analysis. From 2013 to 2018, there were 61,683 non-accidental deaths, including 27,431 cardiovascular deaths, 5587 respiratory deaths, 20,921 malignant tumor deaths, and 1674 diabetes deaths, in Hefei. Annual mean concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, and O3 in Hefei were 66.18, 92.37, 39.75, 15.39, 930, and 79.08 μg m-3, respectively. An increase of 10 μg m-3 in PM2.5 was related with 0.53% (95% CI 0.31-0.75%), 0.93% (95% CI 0.60-1.26%), 0.90% and (95% CI 0.23-1.57%) increase in non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases mortality, respectively. The association between ozone and mortality was not significant. In cold seasons, PM2.5 had a stronger effect on the deaths resulting from non-accidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory diseases. The effect of O3 on deaths was not significantly different between the cold season and the warm season. Women and the elders (over 65 years) were at high risk of being affected by PM2.5/O3. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was positively correlated with increased deaths due to non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in Hefei. Females and elders were more vulnerable to PM2.5/O3 exposure. No significant associations were observed between ozone and deaths from non-accidental, cardiovascular, respiratory, malignant tumors, and diabetes diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Sui
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- Hefei Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Anhui, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shu Sun
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Ruoqian Lei
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Han Cheng
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liu Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Hefei Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Anhui, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoru Li
- Hefei Centre for Disease Control and Prevention of Anhui, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiyu Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environment Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Department of Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
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Bigdeli M, Taheri M, Mohammadian A. Spatial sensitivity analysis of COVID-19 infections concerning the satellite-based four air pollutants levels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : IJEST 2021; 18:751-760. [PMID: 33456479 PMCID: PMC7794616 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-020-03112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19), first reported in late December 2019, has affected the lives of many people throughout the world. Significant studies have been conducted on this pandemic, some of which have addressed understanding the relationship between different air pollutants and confirmed cases. In this study, the effects of four air pollutants (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and sulfur dioxide) were assessed from February 19 to March 22, 2020 to explore how they can affect COVID-19 contagion in Iran. The mean concentrations of air pollutants were extracted from Sentinel 5P data. The COVID-19 confirmed case densities of two provinces, Semnan and Qom, were more than all other provinces. The effect of pollutants on the confirmed case densities was analyzed using multiple linear regression in order to estimate the impact coefficients for individual provinces. The impact coefficients determine the level of each pollutant's contribution to the density of total confirmed cases. Carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone had both considerable negative and positive correlations with the density of confirmed COVID-19 cases, although sulfur dioxide was correlated more negatively than positively. In Semnan, a high hot spot province, nitrogen dioxide had the most significant effect on the density of confirmed cases among all pollutants, while the effect of carbon monoxide was greater in Qom. The results indicated that even short-term exposure to higher concentrations of the pollutants could lead to an increased risk of COVID-19 outbreaks, which should be considered in adopting adequate and appropriate control policies to manage the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bigdeli
- Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Taheri
- School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. Mohammadian
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N6N5 Canada
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Xie J, Zhu Y, Fan Y, Xie L, Xie R, Huang F, Cao L. Association between extreme heat and hospital admissions for cataract patients in Hefei, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:45381-45389. [PMID: 32789637 PMCID: PMC7686207 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cataract is the first cause of blindness and the major cause of visual impairment worldwide. Under conditions of global warming, researchers have begun to give attention to the influence of increasing temperature on cataract patients. Our paper aimed to investigate the association between extreme heat and hospital admissions for cataract in Hefei, China. Based on data from the New Rural Cooperative Medical System and National Meteorological Information Center, we used a generalized additive model and a distributed lag nonlinear model to examine the relationship between extreme heat and hospitalizations for cataract, with consideration of cumulative and lagged effects. When current mean temperature was above 28 °C, each 1 °C rise was associated with a 4% decrease in the number of cataract admissions (RR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94-0.98). The cumulative relative risk over 11 days of lag was the lowest, which indicated that every 1 °C increase in mean temperature above 28 °C was associated with a 19% decrease in the number of hospital admissions for cataract (RR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.75-0.88). In subgroup analyses, the negative association between extreme heat and hospital admissions for cataract was stronger among patients who were not admitted to provincial-level hospitals. In conclusion, this paper found that extreme heat was negatively associated with cataract hospitalizations in Hefei, providing useful information for hospitals and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingui Xie
- School of Management, Technical University of Munich, Bildungscampus 9, 74076 Heilbronn, Germany
| | - Yongjian Zhu
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jin Zhai Road, Bao He District, Hefei, 230026 Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Fan
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jin Zhai Road, Bao He District, Hefei, 230026 Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Linbo Xie
- Anhui Health College, 9 Xue Yuan Road, Jiao Yu Yuan District, Chizhou, 247099 Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruijin Xie
- Anhui Health College, 9 Xue Yuan Road, Jiao Yu Yuan District, Chizhou, 247099 Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengming Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lu Jiang Road, Lu Yang District, Hefei, 230001 Anhui People’s Republic of China
| | - Liqing Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, 17 Lu Jiang Road, Lu Yang District, Hefei, 230001 Anhui People’s Republic of China
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Revalue associations of short-term exposure to air pollution with respiratory hospital admissions in Lanzhou, China after the control and treatment of current pollution. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 231:113658. [PMID: 33166757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in air pollution control Lanzhou, China recently, however, there was only one study so far on the assessment on health gains from air quality improvement after adopting strict air pollution control measures. The present study aimed to estimate the short-term effects of six criteria air pollutants including PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO and O3 on respiratory admissions in Lanzhou, China, then compare the results of our study with those earlier studies conducted in Lanzhou before the implementation of air pollution control measures. Data on daily hospital admissions from the three largest hospitals in Lanzhou and daily air pollution concentration and meteorological variable were collected during a 4-year period (2014-2017). A generalized additive model; adjusted for long-term trend, seasonality, and other potential confounders was done to quantitatively assess the influences of air pollutants on daily respiratory admissions and analyze the influences of different seasons, sexes, and age groups. The most apparent effects for PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO and O3 on respiratory hospitalizations were observed at lag6, and lag7, respectively, and a 10μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO and O3 concentration were associated with 0.885% (95%CI: 0.414%~1.358%), 0.328% (95%CI: 0.145%~0.511%), 3.005% (95%CI: 1.689%~4.339%), 3.199% (95%CI: 0.912%~5.537%) for CO, 0.733% (95%Cl: 0.263%~1.205%) increase in respiratory admission, respectively. No remarkable association was found between NO2 and respiratory disease hospitalisation. Females and younger groups were more susceptible to air pollutant than males and elderly groups. Together, we demonstrated that the positive associations were more pronounced in the cold season than in the warm season. The findings in present study suggest that even in Lanzhou, where air quality has been improved dramatically, positive associations still exist between air pollution and daily number of total respiratory admission.
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Wu Y, Pei C, Wang X, Wang M, Huang D, Wang F, Xiao W, Wang Z. Effect of probiotics on nasal and intestinal microbiota in people with high exposure to particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study. Trials 2020; 21:850. [PMID: 33054842 PMCID: PMC7557031 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Extended exposure to high concentrations of PM2.5 changes the human microbiota profile, which in turn may increase morbidity and mortality due to respiratory system damage. A balanced microecosystem is crucial to human health, and certain health-related problems may be addressed by effective microecosystem regulation. Recent studies have confirmed that probiotics may reduce the incidence of respiratory diseases. However, few studies have investigated probiotic treatment outcomes in subjects exposed to high concentrations of PM2.5. Methods This study is designed as a prospective, randomized, participants- and assessor-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. One hundred and twenty eligible volunteers recruited from October 2019 to July 2020 in downtown Chengdu, China, will be treated with either probiotics or placebo over 4 consecutive weeks. The primary outcome will be 16SrRNA sequencing assay data from nasal and intestinal secretions. Secondary outcomes will be pulmonary function, score on a gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, COOP/WONCA charts, and the Short-Form Health Survey 36 for quality of life. Results will be analyzed to assess differences in clinical efficacy between groups. Six-month follow-up examinations will evaluate the long-term value of probiotics on cardiovascular and respiratory disease end-point events. Discussion We will explore the characteristics of nasal and intestinal microbiota in a population with high exposure to PM2.5. Probiotics and placebo interventions will be tested for efficacy in microbial balance regulation, effects on lung and physical functions, and quality of life improvement. This study is expected to provide reliable evidence to support the widespread promotion of probiotics in clinical practice for the protection of individuals with high exposure to PM2.5. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900025469. Registered on 27 August 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcan Wu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Pei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Demei Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Gorini F, Chatzianagnostou K, Mazzone A, Bustaffa E, Esposito A, Berti S, Bianchi F, Vassalle C. "Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Time of COVID-19": A Review of Biological, Environmental, and Psychosocial Contributors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E7371. [PMID: 33050220 PMCID: PMC7600622 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17207371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly become a worldwide health crisis.Although respiratory disease remains the main cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID patients,myocardial damage is a common finding. Many possible biological pathways may explain therelationship between COVID-19 and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Increased immune andinflammatory responses, and procoagulant profile have characterized COVID patients. All theseresponses may induce endothelial dysfunction, myocardial injury, plaque instability, and AMI.Disease severity and mortality are increased by cardiovascular comorbidities. Moreover, COVID-19has been associated with air pollution, which may also represent an AMI risk factor. Nonetheless,a significant reduction in patient admissions following containment initiatives has been observed,including for AMI. The reasons for this phenomenon are largely unknown, although a real decreasein the incidence of cardiac events seems highly improbable. Instead, patients likely may presentdelayed time from symptoms onset and subsequent referral to emergency departments because offear of possible in-hospital infection, and as such, may present more complications. Here, we aim todiscuss available evidence about all these factors in the complex relationship between COVID-19and AMI, with particular focus on psychological distress and the need to increase awareness ofischemic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gorini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.G.); (E.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Kyriazoula Chatzianagnostou
- Ospedale del Cuore G Pasquinucci Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio di Massa, via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy; (K.C.); (A.M.); (A.E.); (S.B.)
| | - Annamaria Mazzone
- Ospedale del Cuore G Pasquinucci Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio di Massa, via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy; (K.C.); (A.M.); (A.E.); (S.B.)
| | - Elisa Bustaffa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.G.); (E.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Augusto Esposito
- Ospedale del Cuore G Pasquinucci Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio di Massa, via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy; (K.C.); (A.M.); (A.E.); (S.B.)
| | - Sergio Berti
- Ospedale del Cuore G Pasquinucci Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio di Massa, via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy; (K.C.); (A.M.); (A.E.); (S.B.)
| | - Fabrizio Bianchi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.G.); (E.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Cristina Vassalle
- Ospedale del Cuore G Pasquinucci Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio di Massa, via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy; (K.C.); (A.M.); (A.E.); (S.B.)
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Lu M, Ding S, Wang J, Liu Y, An Z, Li J, Jiang J, Wu W, Song J. Acute effect of ambient air pollution on hospital outpatient cases of chronic sinusitis in Xinxiang, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110923. [PMID: 32800210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have reported that exposure to ambient air pollution has adverse effects on health. However, there are little researches to explore the relationship between ambient air pollution and chronic sinusitis (CS). From January 1 2015 to December 31 2018, a time-series study were carried out to investigate the acute adverse roles of six criteria ambient air pollutants (fine particulate matter [PM2.5], inhalable particulate matter [PM10], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], sulfur dioxide [SO2], ozone [O3], and carbon monoxide [CO]) in hospital outpatients with CS in Xinxiang, China. Then, an over-dispersed Poisson generalized additive model was utilized to analyzed the relationships. In total, 183,943 hospital outpatient cases of CS were identified during the study period. We found that a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO corresponded to 0.48% (95% confidence interval: 0.22-0.74%), 0.33% (0.16-0.50%), 0.88% (0.13-1.62%), 1.98% (1.31-2.64%), and 0.05% (0.03-0.07%) increments, respectively, in CS outpatients on the current day. The young group (<15 years of age) was more susceptible than the adult or elderly groups. These results suggested that outdoor air pollutants might increase CS outpatient, especially among youth in Xinxiang. Precautions and protective measures should be strengthened to reduce the air pollution level in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Lu
- Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Shuren Ding
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Jingyao Wang
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Zhen An
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Juan Li
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China
| | - Jie Song
- Henan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, 453003, China.
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Domingo JL, Rovira J. Effects of air pollutants on the transmission and severity of respiratory viral infections. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 187:109650. [PMID: 32416357 PMCID: PMC7211639 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ozone, carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are among the outdoor air pollutants that are major factors in diseases, causing especially adverse respiratory effects in humans. On the other hand, the role of respiratory viruses in the pathogenesis of severe respiratory infections is an issue of great importance. The present literature review was aimed at assessing the potential effects of air pollutants on the transmission and severity of respiratory viral infections. We have reviewed the scientific literature regarding the association of outdoor air pollution and respiratory viruses on respiratory diseases. Evidence supports a clear association between air concentrations of some pollutants and human respiratory viruses interacting to adversely affect the respiratory system. Given the undoubted importance and topicality of the subject, we have paid special attention to the association between air pollutants and the transmission and severity of the effects caused by the coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, which causes the COVID-19. Although to date, and by obvious reasons, the number of studies on this issue are still scarce, most results indicate that chronic exposure to air pollutants delays/complicates recovery of patients of COVID-19 and leads to more severe and lethal forms of this disease. This deserves immediate and in-depth experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorens 21, 43201, Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avd. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
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Zhu Y, Xie J, Huang F, Cao L. Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 infection: Evidence from China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 727:138704. [PMID: 32315904 PMCID: PMC7159846 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 612] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus pneumonia, namely COVID-19, has become a global public health problem. Previous studies have found that air pollution is a risk factor for respiratory infection by carrying microorganisms and affecting body's immunity. This study aimed to explore the relationship between ambient air pollutants and the infection caused by the novel coronavirus. Daily confirmed cases, air pollution concentration and meteorological variables in 120 cities were obtained from January 23, 2020 to February 29, 2020 in China. We applied a generalized additive model to investigate the associations of six air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2 and O3) with COVID-19 confirmed cases. We observed significantly positive associations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 in the last two weeks with newly COVID-19 confirmed cases. A 10-μg/m3 increase (lag0-14) in PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and O3 was associated with a 2.24% (95% CI: 1.02 to 3.46), 1.76% (95% CI: 0.89 to 2.63), 6.94% (95% CI: 2.38 to 11.51), and 4.76% (95% CI: 1.99 to 7.52) increase in the daily counts of confirmed cases, respectively. However, a 10-μg/m3 increase (lag0-14) in SO2 was associated with a 7.79% decrease (95% CI: -14.57 to -1.01) in COVID-19 confirmed cases. Our results indicate that there is a significant relationship between air pollution and COVID-19 infection, which could partially explain the effect of national lockdown and provide implications for the control and prevention of this novel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Zhu
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Jingui Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Brunel Business School, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Fengming Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Liqing Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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Slama A, Śliwczyński A, Woźnica-Pyzikiewicz J, Zdrolik M, Wiśnicki B, Kubajek J, Turżańska-Wieczorek O, Studnicki M, Wierzba W, Franek E. The short-term effects of air pollution on respiratory disease hospitalizations in 5 cities in Poland: comparison of time-series and case-crossover analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:24582-24590. [PMID: 32356054 PMCID: PMC7326830 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Very few publications have compared different study designs investigating the short-term effects of air pollutants on healthcare visits and hospitalizations for respiratory tract diseases. This study describes, using two different study designs (a case-crossover design and a time-series analysis), the association of air pollutants and respiratory disease hospitalizations. The study has been conducted on 5 cities in Poland on a timeline of almost 4 years. DLNM and regression models were both used for the assessment of the short-term effects of air pollution peaks on respiratory hospitalizations. Both case-crossover and time-series studies equally revealed a positive association between air pollution peaks and hospitalization occurrences. Results were provided in the form of percentage increase of a respiratory visit/hospitalization, for each 10-μg/m3 increment in single pollutant level for both study designs. The most significant estimated % increases of hospitalizations linked to increase of 10 μg/m3 of pollutant have been recorded in general with particulate matter, with highest values for 24 h PM2.5 in Warsaw (6.4%, case-crossover; 4.5%, time series, respectively) and in Białystok (5.6%, case-crossover; 4.5%, time series, respectively). The case-crossover analysis results have shown a larger CI in comparison to the results of the time-series analysis, while the lag days were easier to identify with the case-crossover design. The trends and the overlap of the results occurring from both methods are good and show applicability of both study designs to air pollution effects on short-term hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Slama
- Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA in Warsaw, Wołoska 137, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Śliwczyński
- University of Humanities and Economics in Łodz, Satellite Campus in Warsaw, ul. Wolność 2a, 01-018, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Zdrolik
- Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland, al. Ujazdowskie 1/3, 00-001, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Wiśnicki
- Department of Business Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, Al. Niepodleglosci 162, 02-554, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Kubajek
- Chancellery of the Prime Minister of Poland, al. Ujazdowskie 1/3, 00-001, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Studnicki
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Waldemar Wierzba
- University of Humanities and Economics in Łodz, Satellite Campus in Warsaw, ul. Wolność 2a, 01-018, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edward Franek
- Central Clinical Hospital MSWiA in Warsaw, Wołoska 137, 02-507, Warsaw, Poland.
- Mossakowski Clinical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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Hu Y, Liu F, Zhao X, Ma Y, Lan T, Yang F, Chang Z, Xiao X, Li Z. The modification effect of the diurnal temperature range on the exposure-response relationship between temperature and pediatric hand, foot and mouth disease. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137921. [PMID: 32208268 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that the diurnal temperature range (DTR) could modify the temperature-disease relationship for those environmentally-related infectious diseases. However, there is a lack of evidence on the hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). In this study, we thoroughly examined this hypothesis via a nationwide study. METHOD We collected the daily time series of HFMD cases and meteorological factors of 143 cities in mainland China from 2009 to 2014. For each city, we calculated the arithmetic average of the meteorological factors as a proxy for the climatic differences. We then performed two-stage time series analyses for four different climatic regions. Specifically, a distributed lag nonlinear model was applied to estimate the temperature-HFMD relationship for each city, and then a multivariate meta-regression was implemented to examine whether the DTR could explain the potential heterogeneity as an effect modifier. In addition, we compared the modification effect of the DTR with those of other climatic factors. RESULT We found a significant modification effect of DTR on the temperature-HFMD relationship in the moderate-temperature region. Besides, the modification effect was only observed at hot temperatures. Comparing the maximum temperature (32.2 °C) to the median temperature (11.9 °C), the risk ratio was 1.60 (1.33, 1.92) when DTR was in the 10th percentile (6.8 °C) and 0.81 (0.69, 0.96) when the DTR was in the 90th percentile (11.8 °C). By comparing DTR with other climatic variables, we found that the DTR had the best performance in improving the model fit (ΔQAIC= 10.1) and reducing the heterogeneity (ΔI2 = 3.1%) in the multivariate meta-regression. CONCLUSION Our findings verified that DTR can modify the temperature-HFMD relationship. Besides, our findings also implied that DTR could be used as a proxy variable to comprehensively reflect the modification effects of multiple climatic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengfeng Liu
- Division of Infectious Disease & Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianjiao Lan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaorui Chang
- Division of Infectious Disease & Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhongjie Li
- Division of Infectious Disease & Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Bao H, Dong J, Liu X, Tan E, Shu J, Li S. Association between ambient particulate matter and hospital outpatient visits for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Lanzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:22843-22854. [PMID: 32323237 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Until now, a number of epidemiological studies have focused on the association between ambient particulate matter pollution and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), especially in developed countries. There are limited evidences on the association between short-term exposure to particulate matters (PM2.5, PMC, and PM10) and overall hospital outpatient visits for COPD at the same time in China. Thus, a time-series analysis on the short-term association between three subtypes of PM (PM2.5, PMC, and PM10) and daily hospital outpatients for COPD in Lanzhou, China was conducted, from 2014 to 2017.An over dispersed, generalized additive model was used to analyze the associations after controlling for time trend, weather conditions, day of the week, and holidays. Stratified analyses were also performed by age and gender. The results disclosed that a 10-μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentration at a lag of 0-7 days was associated with 1.190% (95% CI 0.176~2.215%). For PMc, therewere not statistically significant effects at any lag days, but we could find the greatest effect at lag07 that a 10-μg/m3 increase in concentration was associated with 0.014% (95% CI - 0.065~0.093%). PM10 also exerted a high effect for COPD (0.185% increase; 95% CI - 0.046~0.417%) when 6 days of exposures (lag6), however, no significance relationship could be found. For COPD among males, positive results were observed for PM2.5 with lags of 0-7 days, a 10-μg/m3 increase was 1.184% (95% CI 0.095~2.284%). The effect of PM2.5 on females was also most significant at lag07, a 10-μg/m3 increase was 1.254% (95% CI 0.053~2.469%). For those aged < 65 years old, PM2.5 was not statistically significant at all lag days, but it reached the maximum at lag07, a 10-μg/m3 increase was 0.978% (95% CI - 0.139~2.108%). For those aged 65 ≥ years old and older, PM2.5 had a statistically significant lag effect at lag1, lag2, lag3, lag02, lag03, lag04, lag05, lag06, and lag07, and it was most significant at lag07; a 10-μg/m3 increase was 1.906% (95% CI 0.553~3.277%). Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with increased risk of hospital visits for COPD. In particular, the elderly (aged ≥ 65 years old) and males were relatively more sensitive to PM2.5, and were affected right away after the PM2.5 concentration went up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Bao
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiyuan Dong
- School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No.199, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Chengguan District, China.
| | - Xiaoju Liu
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Enli Tan
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Juan Shu
- Department of Gerontal Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Sheng Li
- The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, 730050, China
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Xie J, Zhu Y, Fan Y, Xin L, Liu J. Association between rainfall and readmissions of rheumatoid arthritis patients: a time-stratified case-crossover analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2020; 64:145-153. [PMID: 31650297 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-019-01805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that local weather is associated with the symptoms of joint pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and many people believe their pain becomes worse when facing rainy days. However, limited studies explored the effects of weather on RA patients' healthcare-seeking behavior. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between rainfall and readmission behavior of patients with RA in Hefei, China, based on hospitalization data from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from May 2012 to June 2016 and weather data from National Meteorological Information Center during the same study period. Using a time-stratified case-crossover study design and conditional logistic regression, we found a negative association between current day rainfall and readmission (unadjusted: OR = 0.82, p < 0.05; adjusted: OR = 0.83, p < 0.1), which is contrary to our common belief. In lagged models, we observed that rainfall was significantly and positively associated with readmissions at lag 6 days (unadjusted: OR = 1.12, p < 0.1; adjusted: OR = 1.17, p < 0.05) and lag 7 days (unadjusted: OR = 1.13, p < 0.05; adjusted: OR = 1.21, p < 0.01). Additionally, stratified analyses showed the unanticipated finding was only statistically significant for younger patients (< 65 years) and females. Our study adds new evidence that the association between the healthcare-seeking behavior of patients with RA and local rainfall may be different, compared with the positive relationship between symptoms of joint pain and rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingui Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, People's Republic of China
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jin Zhai Road, Bao He District, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Zhu
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jin Zhai Road, Bao He District, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Fan
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jin Zhai Road, Bao He District, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Xin
- Department of Information Center, The First Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, The First Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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