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Gou F, Liu J, Xiao C, Wu J. Research on Artificial-Intelligence-Assisted Medicine: A Survey on Medical Artificial Intelligence. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1472. [PMID: 39061610 PMCID: PMC11275417 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14141472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With the improvement of economic conditions and the increase in living standards, people's attention in regard to health is also continuously increasing. They are beginning to place their hopes on machines, expecting artificial intelligence (AI) to provide a more humanized medical environment and personalized services, thus greatly expanding the supply and bridging the gap between resource supply and demand. With the development of IoT technology, the arrival of the 5G and 6G communication era, and the enhancement of computing capabilities in particular, the development and application of AI-assisted healthcare have been further promoted. Currently, research on and the application of artificial intelligence in the field of medical assistance are continuously deepening and expanding. AI holds immense economic value and has many potential applications in regard to medical institutions, patients, and healthcare professionals. It has the ability to enhance medical efficiency, reduce healthcare costs, improve the quality of healthcare services, and provide a more intelligent and humanized service experience for healthcare professionals and patients. This study elaborates on AI development history and development timelines in the medical field, types of AI technologies in healthcare informatics, the application of AI in the medical field, and opportunities and challenges of AI in the field of medicine. The combination of healthcare and artificial intelligence has a profound impact on human life, improving human health levels and quality of life and changing human lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, College of Computer Science and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun Liu
- The Second People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Chunwen Xiao
- The Second People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Jia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data, College of Computer Science and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, Monash University, Melbourne, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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2
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Moreno-Sánchez PA, García-Isla G, Corino VDA, Vehkaoja A, Brukamp K, van Gils M, Mainardi L. ECG-based data-driven solutions for diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review. Comput Biol Med 2024; 172:108235. [PMID: 38460311 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading cause of death globally, and result in significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. The electrocardiogram (ECG) plays a crucial role in CVD diagnosis, prognosis, and prevention; however, different challenges still remain, such as an increasing unmet demand for skilled cardiologists capable of accurately interpreting ECG. This leads to higher workload and potential diagnostic inaccuracies. Data-driven approaches, such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have emerged to improve existing computer-assisted solutions and enhance physicians' ECG interpretation of the complex mechanisms underlying CVD. However, many ML and DL models used to detect ECG-based CVD suffer from a lack of explainability, bias, as well as ethical, legal, and societal implications (ELSI). Despite the critical importance of these Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (AI) aspects, there is a lack of comprehensive literature reviews that examine the current trends in ECG-based solutions for CVD diagnosis or prognosis that use ML and DL models and address the Trustworthy AI requirements. This review aims to bridge this knowledge gap by providing a systematic review to undertake a holistic analysis across multiple dimensions of these data-driven models such as type of CVD addressed, dataset characteristics, data input modalities, ML and DL algorithms (with a focus on DL), and aspects of Trustworthy AI like explainability, bias and ethical considerations. Additionally, within the analyzed dimensions, various challenges are identified. To these, we provide concrete recommendations, equipping other researchers with valuable insights to understand the current state of the field comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guadalupe García-Isla
- Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina D A Corino
- Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
| | - Antti Vehkaoja
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Mark van Gils
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Luca Mainardi
- Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
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3
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Karthick S, Gomathi N. IoT-based COVID-19 detection using recalling-enhanced recurrent neural network optimized with golden eagle optimization algorithm. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:925-940. [PMID: 38095786 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02973-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
New potential for healthcare has been made possible by the development of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) with deep learning. This is applied for a broad range of applications. Normal medical devices together with sensors can gather important data when connected to the Internet, and deep learning uses this data to reveal symptoms and patterns and activate remote care. In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic caused more mortality. Millions of people have been affected by this virus, and the number of infections is continually rising daily. To detect COVID-19, researchers attempt to utilize medical imaging and deep learning-based methods. Several methodologies were suggested utilizing chest X-ray (CXR) images for COVID-19 diagnosis. But these methodologies do not provide satisfactory accuracy. To overcome these drawbacks, a recalling-enhanced recurrent neural network optimized with golden eagle optimization algorithm (RERNN-GEO) is proposed in this paper. The intention of this work is to provide IoT-based deep learning method for the premature identification of COVID-19. This paradigm can be able to ease the workload of radiologists and medical specialists and also help with pandemic control. RERNN-GEO is a deep learning-based method; this is utilized in chest X-ray (CXR) images for COVID-19 diagnosis. Here, the Gray-Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) window adaptive algorithm is used for extracting features to enable accurate diagnosis. By utilizing this algorithm, the proposed method attains better accuracy (33.84%, 28.93%, and 33.03%) and lower execution time (11.06%, 33.26%, and 23.33%) compared with the existing methods. This method can be capable of helping the clinician/radiologist to validate the initial assessment related to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthick S
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Delhi - NCR Campus, Ghaziabad, India.
| | - Gomathi N
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600062, India
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Das A. Intelligent deep learning-based disease monitoring system in 5G network using multi-disease big data. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-26. [PMID: 38334127 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2310785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Recently, real-world disease monitoring techniques designed based on wearable medical equipment efficiently minimize the mortality rate. Initially, the data are manually collected from the patients to predict five diseases using 5 G frameworks. Then, the collected data are pre-processed to obtain high-quality data using the techniques like contrast enhancement, median filtering, fill empty space, remove repeated value and stemming. The pre-processed data are taken for extracting the features using a One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) to obtain the deep features. The parameters like hidden neuron count and epoch are tuned by the proposed Modified Predator Presence Probability-based Squirrel Search-Glowworm Swarm Optimization (MPPP-SSGSO) algorithm to enhance the variance. Then, the extracted features acquired using the 1D-CNN are given to the ensemble boosting-based models for predicting the score, which is combined by comprising approaches like Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Category Boosting (CatBoost). Further, the predicted scores obtained from such models are concatenated and passed to the Ensemble Boosting Scores-based Fuzzy Classifier (EBS-FC) for classifying the five different diseases. Here, the membership function of the fuzzy is optimized by the same developed MPPP-SSGSO algorithm for enhancing accuracy. Experiments are conducted, and validation is performed, which showcased that the recommended framework achieved a better outcome rate than the conventional techniques. Finally, the suggested strategy outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods with an accuracy rate of 91.34%.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Das
- Department of CSE, The Assam Royal Global University, Betkuchi, Guwahati, Assam, India
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5
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Al-Maini M, Maindarkar M, Kitas GD, Khanna NN, Misra DP, Johri AM, Mantella L, Agarwal V, Sharma A, Singh IM, Tsoulfas G, Laird JR, Faa G, Teji J, Turk M, Viskovic K, Ruzsa Z, Mavrogeni S, Rathore V, Miner M, Kalra MK, Isenovic ER, Saba L, Fouda MM, Suri JS. Artificial intelligence-based preventive, personalized and precision medicine for cardiovascular disease/stroke risk assessment in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a narrative review. Rheumatol Int 2023; 43:1965-1982. [PMID: 37648884 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05415-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The challenges associated with diagnosing and treating cardiovascular disease (CVD)/Stroke in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) arise from the delayed onset of symptoms. Existing clinical risk scores are inadequate in predicting cardiac events, and conventional risk factors alone do not accurately classify many individuals at risk. Several CVD biomarkers consider the multiple pathways involved in the development of atherosclerosis, which is the primary cause of CVD/Stroke in RA. To enhance the accuracy of CVD/Stroke risk assessment in the RA framework, a proposed approach involves combining genomic-based biomarkers (GBBM) derived from plasma and/or serum samples with innovative non-invasive radiomic-based biomarkers (RBBM), such as measurements of synovial fluid, plaque area, and plaque burden. This review presents two hypotheses: (i) RBBM and GBBM biomarkers exhibit a significant correlation and can precisely detect the severity of CVD/Stroke in RA patients. (ii) Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based preventive, precision, and personalized (aiP3) CVD/Stroke risk AtheroEdge™ model (AtheroPoint™, CA, USA) that utilizes deep learning (DL) to accurately classify the risk of CVD/stroke in RA framework. The authors conducted a comprehensive search using the PRISMA technique, identifying 153 studies that assessed the features/biomarkers of RBBM and GBBM for CVD/Stroke. The study demonstrates how DL models can be integrated into the AtheroEdge™-aiP3 framework to determine the risk of CVD/Stroke in RA patients. The findings of this review suggest that the combination of RBBM with GBBM introduces a new dimension to the assessment of CVD/Stroke risk in the RA framework. Synovial fluid levels that are higher than normal lead to an increase in the plaque burden. Additionally, the review provides recommendations for novel, unbiased, and pruned DL algorithms that can predict CVD/Stroke risk within a RA framework that is preventive, precise, and personalized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Al-Maini
- Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Institute, Toronto, ON, L4Z 4C4, Canada
| | - Mahesh Maindarkar
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, 95661, USA
- Asia Pacific Vascular Society, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - George D Kitas
- Academic Affairs, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, DY1 2HQ, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Manchester University, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Narendra N Khanna
- Asia Pacific Vascular Society, New Delhi, 110001, India
- Department of Cardiology, Indraprastha APOLLO Hospitals, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | | | - Amer M Johri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Laura Mantella
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vikas Agarwal
- Department of Immunology, SGPIMS, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Immunology, SGPIMS, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Inder M Singh
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, 95661, USA
| | - George Tsoulfas
- Department of Surgery, Aristoteleion University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - John R Laird
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Adventist Health St. Helena, St Helena, CA, 94574, USA
| | - Gavino Faa
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Jagjit Teji
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Monika Turk
- The Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg Institute for Advanced Study, 27753, Delmenhorst, Germany
| | - Klaudija Viskovic
- Department of Radiology and Ultrasound, UHID, 10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoltan Ruzsa
- Invasive Cardiology Division, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sophie Mavrogeni
- Cardiology Clinic, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre, Athens, Greece
| | - Vijay Rathore
- Nephrology Department, Kaiser Permanente, Sacramento, CA, 95823, USA
| | - Martin Miner
- Men's Health Centre, Miriam Hospital Providence, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Manudeep K Kalra
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Esma R Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, 40138, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mostafa M Fouda
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, 83209, USA
| | - Jasjit S Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint™, Roseville, CA, 95661, USA.
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Chatterjee A, Prinz A, Riegler MA, Das J. A systematic review and knowledge mapping on ICT-based remote and automatic COVID-19 patient monitoring and care. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:1047. [PMID: 37777722 PMCID: PMC10543863 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-10047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND e-Health has played a crucial role during the COVID-19 pandemic in primary health care. e-Health is the cost-effective and secure use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) to support health and health-related fields. Various stakeholders worldwide use ICTs, including individuals, non-profit organizations, health practitioners, and governments. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, ICT has improved the quality of healthcare, the exchange of information, training of healthcare professionals and patients, and facilitated the relationship between patients and healthcare providers. This study systematically reviews the literature on ICT-based automatic and remote monitoring methods, as well as different ICT techniques used in the care of COVID-19-infected patients. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic literature review is to identify the e-Health methods, associated ICTs, method implementation strategies, information collection techniques, advantages, and disadvantages of remote and automatic patient monitoring and care in COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The search included primary studies that were published between January 2020 and June 2022 in scientific and electronic databases, such as EBSCOhost, Scopus, ACM, Nature, SpringerLink, IEEE Xplore, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, JMIR, Web of Science, Science Direct, and PubMed. In this review, the findings from the included publications are presented and elaborated according to the identified research questions. Evidence-based systematic reviews and meta-analyses were conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. Additionally, we improved the review process using the Rayyan tool and the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA). Among the eligibility criteria were methodological rigor, conceptual clarity, and useful implementation of ICTs in e-Health for remote and automatic monitoring of COVID-19 patients. RESULTS Our initial search identified 664 potential studies; 102 were assessed for eligibility in the pre-final stage and 65 articles were used in the final review with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review identified the following eHealth methods-Telemedicine, Mobile Health (mHealth), and Telehealth. The associated ICTs are Wearable Body Sensors, Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, Internet-of-Things, or Internet-of-Medical-Things (IoT or IoMT), Biometric Monitoring Technologies (BioMeTs), and Bluetooth-enabled (BLE) home health monitoring devices. Spatial or positional data, personal and individual health, and wellness data, including vital signs, symptoms, biomedical images and signals, and lifestyle data are examples of information that is managed by ICTs. Different AI and IoT methods have opened new possibilities for automatic and remote patient monitoring with associated advantages and weaknesses. Our findings were represented in a structured manner using a semantic knowledge graph (e.g., ontology model). CONCLUSIONS Various e-Health methods, related remote monitoring technologies, different approaches, information categories, the adoption of ICT tools for an automatic remote patient monitoring (RPM), advantages and limitations of RMTs in the COVID-19 case are discussed in this review. The use of e-Health during the COVID-19 pandemic illustrates the constraints and possibilities of using ICTs. ICTs are not merely an external tool to achieve definite remote and automatic health monitoring goals; instead, they are embedded in contexts. Therefore, the importance of the mutual design process between ICT and society during the global health crisis has been observed from a social informatics perspective. A global health crisis can be observed as an information crisis (e.g., insufficient information, unreliable information, and inaccessible information); however, this review shows the influence of ICTs on COVID-19 patients' health monitoring and related information collection techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Chatterjee
- Department of Information and Communication Technology, Centre for e-Health, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway.
- Department of Holistic Systems, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Andreas Prinz
- Department of Information and Communication Technology, Centre for e-Health, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway
| | - Michael A Riegler
- Department of Holistic Systems, Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jishnu Das
- Department of Information Systems, Centre for e-Health, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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Lin CF, Chang SH. Advanced Mobile Communication Techniques in the Fight against the COVID-19 Pandemic Era and Beyond: An Overview of 5G/B5G/6G. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7817. [PMID: 37765874 PMCID: PMC10536366 DOI: 10.3390/s23187817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has severely affected people's lives worldwide in an unexpected manner. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), several viral epidemics continue to occur and pose a significant public health problem. Until May 2023, there have been 676 million cases of COVID-19 infections and over 6.8 million deaths, globally. This paper surveys the role and effectiveness of advanced fifth-generation (5G)/beyond 5G (B5G)/sixth-generation (6G) technologies, combined with mobile applications (apps) and the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), in detecting, managing, and mitigating the spread of COVID-19 and designing smart healthcare infrastructures for future pandemics. Analyzing and summarizing the research of relevant scholars based on the impact of 5G/B5G/6G and other technologies on COVID-19. The study tabulates the technical characteristics and effectiveness of different technologies in the context of COVID-19, summarizing the research of previous scholars. Challenges and design issues in the implementation of advanced information and telecommunication systems were demonstrated. These technologies can inspire the design of smart healthcare infrastructures to combat future virus pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Feng Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Hsyung Chang
- Department of Microelectronics Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan
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Neri L, Oberdier MT, van Abeelen KCJ, Menghini L, Tumarkin E, Tripathi H, Jaipalli S, Orro A, Paolocci N, Gallelli I, Dall’Olio M, Beker A, Carrick RT, Borghi C, Halperin HR. Electrocardiogram Monitoring Wearable Devices and Artificial-Intelligence-Enabled Diagnostic Capabilities: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4805. [PMID: 37430719 PMCID: PMC10223364 DOI: 10.3390/s23104805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, population aging and unhealthy lifestyles have increased the incidence of high-risk health conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, sleep apnea, and other conditions. Recently, to facilitate early identification and diagnosis, efforts have been made in the research and development of new wearable devices to make them smaller, more comfortable, more accurate, and increasingly compatible with artificial intelligence technologies. These efforts can pave the way to the longer and continuous health monitoring of different biosignals, including the real-time detection of diseases, thus providing more timely and accurate predictions of health events that can drastically improve the healthcare management of patients. Most recent reviews focus on a specific category of disease, the use of artificial intelligence in 12-lead electrocardiograms, or on wearable technology. However, we present recent advances in the use of electrocardiogram signals acquired with wearable devices or from publicly available databases and the analysis of such signals with artificial intelligence methods to detect and predict diseases. As expected, most of the available research focuses on heart diseases, sleep apnea, and other emerging areas, such as mental stress. From a methodological point of view, although traditional statistical methods and machine learning are still widely used, we observe an increasing use of more advanced deep learning methods, specifically architectures that can handle the complexity of biosignal data. These deep learning methods typically include convolutional and recurrent neural networks. Moreover, when proposing new artificial intelligence methods, we observe that the prevalent choice is to use publicly available databases rather than collecting new data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Neri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (L.N.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matt T. Oberdier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (L.N.)
| | - Kirsten C. J. van Abeelen
- Department of Informatics, Systems, and Communication, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Menghini
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Ethan Tumarkin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (L.N.)
| | - Hemantkumar Tripathi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (L.N.)
| | - Sujai Jaipalli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Alessandro Orro
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, 20054 Segrate, Italy
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (L.N.)
| | - Ilaria Gallelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Dall’Olio
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Amir Beker
- AccYouRate Group S.p.A., 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Richard T. Carrick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (L.N.)
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Henry R. Halperin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; (L.N.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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9
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Liu Y, Xing W, Zhao M, Lin M. A new classification method for diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia based on joint CNN features of chest X-ray images and parallel pyramid MLP-mixer module. Neural Comput Appl 2023; 35:1-13. [PMID: 37362575 PMCID: PMC10147369 DOI: 10.1007/s00521-023-08604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
During the past three years, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept the world. The rapid and accurate recognition of covid-19 pneumonia are ,therefore, of great importance. To handle this problem, we propose a new pipeline of deep learning framework for diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia via chest X-ray images from normal, COVID-19, and other pneumonia patients. In detail, the self-trained YOLO-v4 network was first used to locate and segment the thoracic region, and the output images were scaled to the same size. Subsequently, the pre-trained convolutional neural network was adopted to extract the features of X-ray images from 13 convolutional layers, which were fused with the original image to form a 14-dimensional image matrix. It was then put into three parallel pyramid multi-layer perceptron (MLP)-Mixer modules for comprehensive feature extraction through spatial fusion and channel fusion based on different scales so as to grasp more extensive feature correlation. Finally, by combining all image features from the 14-channel output, the classification task was achieved using two fully connected layers as well as Softmax classifier for classification. Extensive simulations based on a total of 4099 chest X-ray images were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results indicated that our proposed method can achieve the best performance in almost all cases, which is good for auxiliary diagnosis of COVID-19 and has great clinical application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Liu
- College of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Xing
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingbo Zhao
- College of Information Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingquan Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong People’s Republic of China
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10
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Isgut M, Gloster L, Choi K, Venugopalan J, Wang MD. Systematic Review of Advanced AI Methods for Improving Healthcare Data Quality in Post COVID-19 Era. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 16:53-69. [PMID: 36269930 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2022.3216531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was significant hype about the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) tools in combatting COVID-19 on diagnosis, prognosis, or surveillance. However, AI tools have not yet been widely successful. One of the key reason is the COVID-19 pandemic has demanded faster real-time development of AI-driven clinical and health support tools, including rapid data collection, algorithm development, validation, and deployment. However, there was not enough time for proper data quality control. Learning from the hard lessons in COVID-19, we summarize the important health data quality challenges during COVID-19 pandemic such as lack of data standardization, missing data, tabulation errors, and noise and artifact. Then we conduct a systematic investigation of computational methods that address these issues, including emerging novel advanced AI data quality control methods that achieve better data quality outcomes and, in some cases, simplify or automate the data cleaning process. We hope this article can assist healthcare community to improve health data quality going forward with novel AI development.
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11
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Early Detection and Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease Based on Selected Predominant Features. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2023; 2023:3553216. [PMID: 36756136 PMCID: PMC9902122 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3553216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In numerous perilous cases, a quick medical decision is needed for the early detection of chronic diseases to avoid austere consequences that may be fatal. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent disease that presents a variety of challenges, including soaring costs for intervention, urgency, and, more importantly, difficulty in early detection of the disease. The current study carries out a prediction-based method that helps in detecting and diagnosing CKD patients which enables a fast and accurate decision-making process at the early stage. A combination of preprocessing and feature selection methods was developed; additionally, several prediction models, such as K-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and bagging, were trained based on the processed dataset. The performance evaluation shows higher reliability of all models in terms of accuracy, precision, sensitivity, F-measure, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) score. Specifically, KNN outperformed with an accuracy of 99.50%, sensitivity of 99.2%, precision of 100%, specificity of 98.7%, and F-measure and AUC score of 99.6%. The experimental results of KNN show the best fitted model compared to the existing state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, the reduced feature set proves that just a few clinical tests are enough to detect CKD, resulting in diagnosis cost reduction.
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12
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Shen J, Ghatti S, Levkov NR, Shen H, Sen T, Rheuban K, Enfield K, Facteau NR, Engel G, Dowdell K. A survey of COVID-19 detection and prediction approaches using mobile devices, AI, and telemedicine. Front Artif Intell 2022; 5:1034732. [PMID: 36530356 PMCID: PMC9755752 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2022.1034732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic has had an extremely high impact on all facets of the society and will potentially have an everlasting impact for years to come. In response to this, over the past years, there have been a significant number of research efforts on exploring approaches to combat COVID-19. In this paper, we present a survey of the current research efforts on using mobile Internet of Thing (IoT) devices, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and telemedicine for COVID-19 detection and prediction. We first present the background and then present current research in this field. Specifically, we present the research on COVID-19 monitoring and detection, contact tracing, machine learning based approaches, telemedicine, and security. We finally discuss the challenges and the future work that lay ahead in this field before concluding this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Shen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Siddharth Ghatti
- Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Nate Ryan Levkov
- Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Haiying Shen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Tanmoy Sen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Karen Rheuban
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kyle Enfield
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Nikki Reyer Facteau
- University of Virginia (UVA) Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Gina Engel
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kim Dowdell
- School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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13
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Cardiovascular/Stroke Risk Stratification in Diabetic Foot Infection Patients Using Deep Learning-Based Artificial Intelligence: An Investigative Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226844. [PMID: 36431321 PMCID: PMC9693632 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A diabetic foot infection (DFI) is among the most serious, incurable, and costly to treat conditions. The presence of a DFI renders machine learning (ML) systems extremely nonlinear, posing difficulties in CVD/stroke risk stratification. In addition, there is a limited number of well-explained ML paradigms due to comorbidity, sample size limits, and weak scientific and clinical validation methodologies. Deep neural networks (DNN) are potent machines for learning that generalize nonlinear situations. The objective of this article is to propose a novel investigation of deep learning (DL) solutions for predicting CVD/stroke risk in DFI patients. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) search strategy was used for the selection of 207 studies. We hypothesize that a DFI is responsible for increased morbidity and mortality due to the worsening of atherosclerotic disease and affecting coronary artery disease (CAD). Since surrogate biomarkers for CAD, such as carotid artery disease, can be used for monitoring CVD, we can thus use a DL-based model, namely, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) for CVD/stroke risk prediction in DFI patients, which combines covariates such as office and laboratory-based biomarkers, carotid ultrasound image phenotype (CUSIP) lesions, along with the DFI severity. We confirmed the viability of CVD/stroke risk stratification in the DFI patients. Strong designs were found in the research of the DL architectures for CVD/stroke risk stratification. Finally, we analyzed the AI bias and proposed strategies for the early diagnosis of CVD/stroke in DFI patients. Since DFI patients have an aggressive atherosclerotic disease, leading to prominent CVD/stroke risk, we, therefore, conclude that the DL paradigm is very effective for predicting the risk of CVD/stroke in DFI patients.
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14
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Chakravarthi B, Ng SC, Ezilarasan MR, Leung MF. EEG-based emotion recognition using hybrid CNN and LSTM classification. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:1019776. [PMID: 36277613 PMCID: PMC9585893 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.1019776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotions are a mental state that is accompanied by a distinct physiologic rhythm, as well as physical, behavioral, and mental changes. In the latest days, physiological activity has been used to study emotional reactions. This study describes the electroencephalography (EEG) signals, the brain wave pattern, and emotion analysis all of these are interrelated and based on the consequences of human behavior and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Post-traumatic stress disorder effects for long-term illness are associated with considerable suffering, impairment, and social/emotional impairment. PTSD is connected to subcortical responses to injury memories, thoughts, and emotions and alterations in brain circuitry. Predominantly EEG signals are the way of examining the electrical potential of the human feelings cum expression for every changing phenomenon that the individual faces. When going through literature there are some lacunae while analyzing emotions. There exist some reliability issues and also masking of real emotional behavior by the victims. Keeping this research gap and hindrance faced by the previous researchers the present study aims to fulfill the requirements, the efforts can be made to overcome this problem, and the proposed automated CNN-LSTM with ResNet-152 algorithm. Compared with the existing techniques, the proposed techniques achieved a higher level of accuracy of 98% by applying the hybrid deep learning algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneshwari Chakravarthi
- School of Computing and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sin-Chun Ng
- School of Computing and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Sin-Chun Ng,
| | - M. R. Ezilarasan
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Man-Fai Leung
- School of Computing and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Comprehensive Survey of Machine Learning Systems for COVID-19 Detection. J Imaging 2022; 8:jimaging8100267. [PMID: 36286361 PMCID: PMC9604704 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging8100267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The last two years are considered the most crucial and critical period of the COVID-19 pandemic affecting most life aspects worldwide. This virus spreads quickly within a short period, increasing the fatality rate associated with the virus. From a clinical perspective, several diagnosis methods are carried out for early detection to avoid virus propagation. However, the capabilities of these methods are limited and have various associated challenges. Consequently, many studies have been performed for COVID-19 automated detection without involving manual intervention and allowing an accurate and fast decision. As is the case with other diseases and medical issues, Artificial Intelligence (AI) provides the medical community with potential technical solutions that help doctors and radiologists diagnose based on chest images. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the mentioned AI-based detection solution proposals is conducted. More than 200 papers are reviewed and analyzed, and 145 articles have been extensively examined to specify the proposed AI mechanisms with chest medical images. A comprehensive examination of the associated advantages and shortcomings is illustrated and summarized. Several findings are concluded as a result of a deep analysis of all the previous works using machine learning for COVID-19 detection, segmentation, and classification.
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16
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Dami S. Internet of things-based health monitoring system for early detection of cardiovascular events during COVID-19 pandemic. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:9207-9218. [PMID: 36159404 PMCID: PMC9477683 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i26.9207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has currently caused the mortality of millions of people around the world. Aside from the direct mortality from the COVID-19, the indirect effects of the pandemic have also led to an increase in the mortality rate of other non-COVID patients. Evidence indicates that novel COVID-19 pandemic has caused an inflation in acute cardiovascular mortality, which did not relate to COVID-19 infection. It has in fact increased the risk of death in cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. For this purpose, it is dramatically inevitable to monitor CVD patients’ vital signs and to detect abnormal events before the occurrence of any critical conditions resulted in death. Internet of things (IoT) and health monitoring sensors have improved the medical care systems by enabling latency-sensitive surveillance and computing of large amounts of patients’ data. The major challenge being faced currently in this problem is its limited scalability and late detection of cardiovascular events in IoT-based computing environments. To this end, this paper proposes a novel framework to early detection of cardiovascular events based on a deep learning architecture in IoT environments. Experimental results showed that the proposed method was able to detect cardiovascular events with better performance (95.30% average sensitivity and 95.94% mean prediction values).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Dami
- Department of Computer Engineering, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1468763785, Iran
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17
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Erişen S. Real-Time Learning and Monitoring System in Fighting against SARS-CoV-2 in a Private Indoor Environment. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7001. [PMID: 36146346 PMCID: PMC9505417 DOI: 10.3390/s22187001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus has posed formidable challenges that must be tackled through scientific and technological investigations on each environmental scale. This research aims to learn and report about the current state of user activities, in real-time, in a specially designed private indoor environment with sensors in infection transmission control of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, a real-time learning system that evolves and updates with each incoming piece of data from the environment is developed to predict user activities categorized for remote monitoring. Accordingly, various experiments are conducted in the private indoor space. Multiple sensors, with their inputs, are analyzed through the experiments. The experiment environment, installed with microgrids and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, has provided correlating data of various sensors from that special care context during the pandemic. The data is applied to classify user activities and develop a real-time learning and monitoring system to predict the IoT data. The microgrids were operated with the real-time learning system developed by comprehensive experiments on classification learning, regression learning, Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC), and deep learning models. With the help of machine learning experiments, data optimization, and the multilayered-tandem organization of the developed neural networks, the efficiency of this real-time monitoring system increases in learning the activity of users and predicting their actions, which are reported as feedback on the monitoring interfaces. The developed learning system predicts the real-time IoT data, accurately, in less than 5 milliseconds and generates big data that can be deployed for different usages in larger-scale facilities, networks, and e-health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Erişen
- Department of Architecture, Atılım University, Ankara 06830, Turkey
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18
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Haq AU, Li JP, Kumar R, Ali Z, Khan I, Uddin MI, Agbley BLY. MCNN: a multi-level CNN model for the classification of brain tumors in IoT-healthcare system. JOURNAL OF AMBIENT INTELLIGENCE AND HUMANIZED COMPUTING 2022; 14:4695-4706. [PMID: 36160944 PMCID: PMC9483375 DOI: 10.1007/s12652-022-04373-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The classification of brain tumors is significantly important for diagnosing and treating brain tumors in IoT healthcare systems. In this work, we have proposed a robust classification model for brain tumors employing deep learning techniques. In the design of the proposed method, an improved Convolutional neural network is used to classify Meningioma, Glioma, and Pituitary types of brain tumors. To test the multi-level convolutional neural network model, brain magnetic resonance image data is utilized. The MCNN model classification results were improved using data augmentation and transfer learning methods. In addition, hold-out and performance evaluation metrics have been employed in the proposed MCNN model. The experimental results show that the proposed model obtained higher outcomes than the state-of-the-art techniques and achieved 99.89% classification accuracy. Due to the higher results of the proposed approach, we recommend it for the identification of brain cancer in IoT-healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin ul Haq
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 611731 Sichuan China
| | - Jian Ping Li
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 611731 Sichuan China
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, 313001 China
| | - Zafar Ali
- School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Inayat Khan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Buner, Buner, 19290 Pakistan
| | - M. Irfan Uddin
- Institute of Computing, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000 Pakistan
| | - Bless Lord Y. Agbley
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 611731 Sichuan China
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19
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A biologically-inspired hybrid deep learning approach for brain tumor classification from magnetic resonance imaging using improved gabor wavelet transform and Elmann-BiLSTM network. Biomed Signal Process Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2022.103949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Tu C, Zang C, Tan Y, Zhou Y, Yu C. Can information infrastructure development improve the health care environment? Evidence from China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:987391. [PMID: 36091535 PMCID: PMC9455779 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.987391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing studies ignore the importance of information infrastructure development in improving regional health care environment. This paper adopts a spatial difference-in-difference (DID) model to assess the impact of information infrastructure development on urban health care environment based on a quasi-natural experiment of the "Broadband China" city pilots (BCCP). A balanced panel of 259 cities from 2010 to 2019 is selected for empirical analysis in this paper. Our findings show that the implementation of BCCP resulted in a 4.1 and 2.9% improvement in local medical workforce and medical infrastructure. In addition, there is significant spatial spillover effects of the implementation of BCCP, with 7.2 and 12.5% improvement in medical workforce and medical infrastructure in the surrounding areas. Our findings also suggest that information infrastructure development enhances the health care environment by driving industrial upgrading and education levels. Further analysis shows that BCCP has the strongest improvement on medical workforce in the eastern region and non-ordinary prefecture-level cities. For medical infrastructure, BCCP has stronger improvement in central region, western region, and non-ordinary prefecture-level cities. Finally, the paper conducts a series of robustness tests to ensure the reliability of the analysis results, including parallel trend tests, placebo tests, and re-estimation with different methods. Policies to improve the health care environment through information infrastructure development are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Tu
- Academy of Guangzhou Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China,School of Management, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanxiang Zang
- Academy of Guangzhou Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China,School of Management, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfang Tan
- Academy of Guangzhou Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Academy of Guangzhou Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Yu
- Academy of Guangzhou Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China,School of Management, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Chenyang Yu
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21
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Guo C, Li H. Application of 5G network combined with AI robots in personalized nursing in China: A literature review. Front Public Health 2022; 10:948303. [PMID: 36091551 PMCID: PMC9449115 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.948303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The medical and healthcare industry is currently developing into digitization. Attributed to the rapid development of advanced technologies such as the 5G network, cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI), and big data, and their wide applications in the medical industry, the medical model is shifting into an intelligent one. By combining the 5G network with cloud healthcare platforms and AI, nursing robots can effectively improve the overall medical efficacy. Meanwhile, patients can enjoy personalized medical services, the supply and the sharing of medical and healthcare services are promoted, and the digital transformation of the healthcare industry is accelerated. In this paper, the application and practice of 5G network technology in the medical industry are introduced, including telecare, 5G first-aid remote medical service, and remote robot applications. Also, by combining application characteristics of AI and development requirements of smart healthcare, the overall planning, intelligence, and personalization of the 5G network in the medical industry, as well as opportunities and challenges of its application in the field of nursing are discussed. This paper provides references to the development and application of 5G network technology in the field of medical service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Guo
- Presidents' Office, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Hong Li
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22
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He F, Zhou S, Fan L, Liu X. Evaluation of innovative enterprise’s financing capability using BP neural network under the background of big-intelligence mobile cloud. Soft comput 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00500-022-07360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Deep Learning Paradigm for Cardiovascular Disease/Stroke Risk Stratification in Parkinson’s Disease Affected by COVID-19: A Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071543. [PMID: 35885449 PMCID: PMC9324237 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Motivation: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most serious, non-curable, and expensive to treat. Recently, machine learning (ML) has shown to be able to predict cardiovascular/stroke risk in PD patients. The presence of COVID-19 causes the ML systems to become severely non-linear and poses challenges in cardiovascular/stroke risk stratification. Further, due to comorbidity, sample size constraints, and poor scientific and clinical validation techniques, there have been no well-explained ML paradigms. Deep neural networks are powerful learning machines that generalize non-linear conditions. This study presents a novel investigation of deep learning (DL) solutions for CVD/stroke risk prediction in PD patients affected by the COVID-19 framework. Method: The PRISMA search strategy was used for the selection of 292 studies closely associated with the effect of PD on CVD risk in the COVID-19 framework. We study the hypothesis that PD in the presence of COVID-19 can cause more harm to the heart and brain than in non-COVID-19 conditions. COVID-19 lung damage severity can be used as a covariate during DL training model designs. We, therefore, propose a DL model for the estimation of, (i) COVID-19 lesions in computed tomography (CT) scans and (ii) combining the covariates of PD, COVID-19 lesions, office and laboratory arterial atherosclerotic image-based biomarkers, and medicine usage for the PD patients for the design of DL point-based models for CVD/stroke risk stratification. Results: We validated the feasibility of CVD/stroke risk stratification in PD patients in the presence of a COVID-19 environment and this was also verified. DL architectures like long short-term memory (LSTM), and recurrent neural network (RNN) were studied for CVD/stroke risk stratification showing powerful designs. Lastly, we examined the artificial intelligence bias and provided recommendations for early detection of CVD/stroke in PD patients in the presence of COVID-19. Conclusion: The DL is a very powerful tool for predicting CVD/stroke risk in PD patients affected by COVID-19.
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24
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Heidari A, Jafari Navimipour N, Unal M, Toumaj S. Machine learning applications for COVID-19 outbreak management. Neural Comput Appl 2022; 34:15313-15348. [PMID: 35702664 PMCID: PMC9186489 DOI: 10.1007/s00521-022-07424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, the COVID-19 epidemic has resulted in millions of deaths and has impacted practically every area of human life. Several machine learning (ML) approaches are employed in the medical field in many applications, including detecting and monitoring patients, notably in COVID-19 management. Different medical imaging systems, such as computed tomography (CT) and X-ray, offer ML an excellent platform for combating the pandemic. Because of this need, a significant quantity of study has been carried out; thus, in this work, we employed a systematic literature review (SLR) to cover all aspects of outcomes from related papers. Imaging methods, survival analysis, forecasting, economic and geographical issues, monitoring methods, medication development, and hybrid apps are the seven key uses of applications employed in the COVID-19 pandemic. Conventional neural networks (CNNs), long short-term memory networks (LSTM), recurrent neural networks (RNNs), generative adversarial networks (GANs), autoencoders, random forest, and other ML techniques are frequently used in such scenarios. Next, cutting-edge applications related to ML techniques for pandemic medical issues are discussed. Various problems and challenges linked with ML applications for this pandemic were reviewed. It is expected that additional research will be conducted in the upcoming to limit the spread and catastrophe management. According to the data, most papers are evaluated mainly on characteristics such as flexibility and accuracy, while other factors such as safety are overlooked. Also, Keras was the most often used library in the research studied, accounting for 24.4 percent of the time. Furthermore, medical imaging systems are employed for diagnostic reasons in 20.4 percent of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Heidari
- Department of Computer Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Computer Engineering, Shabestar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar, Iran
| | | | - Mehmet Unal
- Department of Computer Engineering, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Shiva Toumaj
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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25
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Moglia A, Georgiou K, Marinov B, Georgiou E, Berchiolli RN, Satava RM, Cuschieri A. 5G in Healthcare: from COVID-19 to Future Challenges. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2022; 26:4187-4196. [PMID: 35675255 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2022.3181205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide up to May 2022 there have been 515 million cases of COVID-19 infection and over 6 million deaths. The World Health Organization estimated that 115,000 healthcare workers died from COVID-19 from January 2020 to May 2021. This toll on human lives prompted this review on 5G based networking primarily on major components of healthcare delivery: diagnosis, patient monitoring, contact tracing, diagnostic imaging tests, vaccines distribution, emergency medical services, telesurgery and robot-assisted tele-ultrasound. The positive impact of 5G as core technology for COVID-19 applications enabled exchange of huge data sets in fangcang (cabin) hospitals and real-time contact tracing, while the low latency enhanced robot-assisted tele-ultrasound, and telementoring during ophthalmic surgery. In other instances, 5G provided a supportive technology for applications related to COVID-19, e.g., patient monitoring. The feasibility of 5G telesurgery was proven, albeit by a few studies on real patients, in very low samples size in most instances. The important future applications of 5G in healthcare include surveillance of elderly people, the immunosuppressed, and nano- oncology for Internet of Nano Things (IoNT). Issues remain and these require resolution before routine clinical adoption. These include infrastructure and coverage; health risks; security and privacy protection of patients' data; 5G implementation with artificial intelligence, blockchain, and IoT; validation, patient acceptance and training of end-users on these technologies.
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26
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Sarwar MU, Gillani LF, Almadhor A, Shakya M, Tariq U. Improving Recognition of Overlapping Activities with Less Interclass Variations in Smart Homes through Clustering-Based Classification. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:8303856. [PMID: 35694589 PMCID: PMC9184152 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8303856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The systems of sensing technology along with machine learning techniques provide a robust solution in a smart home due to which health monitoring, elderly care, and independent living take advantage. This study addresses the overlapping problem in activities performed by the smart home resident and improves the recognition performance of overlapping activities. The overlapping problem occurs due to less interclass variations (i.e., similar sensors used in more than one activity and the same location of performed activities). The proposed approach overlapping activity recognition using cluster-based classification (OAR-CbC) that makes a generic model for this problem is to use a soft partitioning technique to separate the homogeneous activities from nonhomogeneous activities on a coarse-grained level. Then, the activities within each cluster are balanced and the classifier is trained to correctly recognize the activities within each cluster independently on a fine-grained level. We examine four partitioning and classification techniques with the same hierarchy for a fair comparison. The OAR-CbC evaluates on smart home datasets Aruba and Milan using threefold and leave-one-day-out cross-validation. We used evaluation metrics: precision, recall, F score, accuracy, and confusion matrices to ensure the model's reliability. The OAR-CbC shows promising results on both datasets, notably boosting the recognition rate of all overlapping activities more than the state-of-the-art studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Sarwar
- Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Labiba Fahad Gillani
- Department of Computer Science, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Almadhor
- College of Computer and Information Sciences, Al Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manoj Shakya
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Usman Tariq
- College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Khanna NN, Maindarkar M, Saxena A, Ahluwalia P, Paul S, Srivastava SK, Cuadrado-Godia E, Sharma A, Omerzu T, Saba L, Mavrogeni S, Turk M, Laird JR, Kitas GD, Fatemi M, Barqawi AB, Miner M, Singh IM, Johri A, Kalra MM, Agarwal V, Paraskevas KI, Teji JS, Fouda MM, Pareek G, Suri JS. Cardiovascular/Stroke Risk Assessment in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction-A Role of Carotid Wall Arterial Imaging and Plaque Tissue Characterization Using Artificial Intelligence Paradigm: A Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1249. [PMID: 35626404 PMCID: PMC9141739 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of erectile dysfunction (ED) has recently shown an association with the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD) via the atherosclerotic pathway. Cardiovascular disease (CVD)/stroke risk has been widely understood with the help of carotid artery disease (CTAD), a surrogate biomarker for CHD. The proposed study emphasizes artificial intelligence-based frameworks such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) that can accurately predict the severity of CVD/stroke risk using carotid wall arterial imaging in ED patients. METHODS Using the PRISMA model, 231 of the best studies were selected. The proposed study mainly consists of two components: (i) the pathophysiology of ED and its link with coronary artery disease (COAD) and CHD in the ED framework and (ii) the ultrasonic-image morphological changes in the carotid arterial walls by quantifying the wall parameters and the characterization of the wall tissue by adapting the ML/DL-based methods, both for the prediction of the severity of CVD risk. The proposed study analyzes the hypothesis that ML/DL can lead to an accurate and early diagnosis of the CVD/stroke risk in ED patients. Our finding suggests that the routine ED patient practice can be amended for ML/DL-based CVD/stroke risk assessment using carotid wall arterial imaging leading to fast, reliable, and accurate CVD/stroke risk stratification. SUMMARY We conclude that ML and DL methods are very powerful tools for the characterization of CVD/stroke in patients with varying ED conditions. We anticipate a rapid growth of these tools for early and better CVD/stroke risk management in ED patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra N. Khanna
- Department of Cardiology, Indraprastha APOLLO Hospitals, New Delhi 110076, India;
| | - Mahesh Maindarkar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India; (M.M.); (S.P.)
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint, Roseville, CA 95661, USA;
| | - Ajit Saxena
- Department of Urology, Indraprastha APOLLO Hospitals, New Delhi 110076, India;
| | - Puneet Ahluwalia
- Max Institute of Cancer Care, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi 110017, India;
| | - Sudip Paul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India; (M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Saurabh K. Srivastava
- College of Computing Sciences and IT, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad 244001, India;
| | - Elisa Cuadrado-Godia
- Department of Neurology, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Aditya Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | - Tomaz Omerzu
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.O.); (M.T.)
| | - Luca Saba
- Department of Radiology, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Sophie Mavrogeni
- Cardiology Clinic, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre, 176 74 Athens, Greece;
| | - Monika Turk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.O.); (M.T.)
| | - John R. Laird
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Adventist Health St. Helena, St. Helena, CA 94574, USA;
| | - George D. Kitas
- Academic Affairs, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley DY1 2HQ, UK;
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Manchester University, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Mostafa Fatemi
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, NY 55905, USA;
| | - Al Baha Barqawi
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - Martin Miner
- Men’s Health Centre, Miriam Hospital Providence, Providence, RI 02906, USA;
| | - Inder M. Singh
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint, Roseville, CA 95661, USA;
| | - Amer Johri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada;
| | | | - Vikas Agarwal
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India;
| | - Kosmas I. Paraskevas
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Central Clinic of Athens, 106 80 Athens, Greece;
| | - Jagjit S. Teji
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Mostafa M. Fouda
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA;
| | - Gyan Pareek
- Minimally Invasive Urology Institute, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Jasjit S. Suri
- Stroke Monitoring and Diagnostic Division, AtheroPoint, Roseville, CA 95661, USA;
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Hu Y, Subagdja B, Tan AH, Quek C, Yin Q. Who are the ‘silent spreaders’?: contact tracing in spatio-temporal memory models. Neural Comput Appl 2022; 34:14859-14879. [PMID: 35599972 PMCID: PMC9107326 DOI: 10.1007/s00521-022-07210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 epidemic has swept the world for over two years. However, a large number of infectious asymptomatic COVID-19 cases (ACCs) are still making the breaking up of the transmission chains very difficult. Efforts by epidemiological researchers in many countries have thrown light on the clinical features of ACCs, but there is still a lack of practical approaches to detect ACCs so as to help contain the pandemic. To address the issue of ACCs, this paper presents a neural network model called Spatio-Temporal Episodic Memory for COVID-19 (STEM-COVID) to identify ACCs from contact tracing data. Based on the fusion Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART), the model encodes a collective spatio-temporal episodic memory of individuals and incorporates an effective mechanism of parallel searches for ACCs. Specifically, the episodic traces of the identified positive cases are used to map out the episodic traces of suspected ACCs using a weighted evidence pooling method. To evaluate the efficacy of STEM-COVID, a realistic agent-based simulation model for COVID-19 spreading is implemented based on the recent epidemiological findings on ACCs. The experiments based on rigorous simulation scenarios, manifesting the current situation of COVID-19 spread, show that the STEM-COVID model with weighted evidence pooling has a higher level of accuracy and efficiency for identifying ACCs when compared with several baselines. Moreover, the model displays strong robustness against noisy data and different ACC proportions, which partially reflects the effect of breakthrough infections after vaccination on the virus transmission.
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Anand S, Sharma V, Pourush R, Jaiswal S. A comprehensive survey on the biomedical signal processing methods for the detection of COVID-19. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 76:103519. [PMID: 35401978 PMCID: PMC8975609 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus, renamed SARS-CoV-2 and most commonly referred to as COVID-19, has infected nearly 44.83 million people in 224 countries and has been designated SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we used ‘web of Science’, ‘Scopus’ and ‘goggle scholar’ with the keywords of “SARS-CoV-2 detection” or “coronavirus 2019 detection” or “COVID 2019 detection” or “COVID 19 detection” “corona virus techniques for detection of COVID-19”, “audio techniques for detection of COVID-19”, “speech techniques for detection of COVID-19”, for period of 2019–2021. Some COVID-19 instances have an impact on speech production, which suggests that researchers should look for signs of disease detection in speech utilising audio and speech recognition signals from humans to better understand the condition. It is presented in this review that an overview of human audio signals is presented using an AI (Artificial Intelligence) model to diagnose, spread awareness, and monitor COVID-19, employing bio and non-obtrusive signals that communicated human speech and non-speech audio information is presented. Development of accurate and rapid screening techniques that permit testing at a reasonable cost is critical in the current COVID-19 pandemic crisis, according to the World Health Organization. In this context, certain existing investigations have shown potential in the detection of COVID 19 diagnostic signals from relevant auditory noises, which is a promising development. According to authors, it is not a single “perfect” COVID-19 test that is required, but rather a combination of rapid and affordable tests, non-clinic pre-screening tools, and tools from a variety of supply chains and technologies that will allow us to safely return to our normal lives while we await the completion of the hassle free COVID-19 vaccination process for all ages. This review was able to gather information on biomedical signal processing in the detection of speech, coughing sounds, and breathing signals for the purpose of diagnosing and screening the COVID-19 virus. This is a comprehensive review of published work for the detection of COVID-19. Previously conducted studies on audio, voice, cough sound, breathing and signal processing methods in order to address COVID-19-related health conditions. Analyzing and diagnosing COVID-19 using audio, speech and Signal Processing. Diagnosing and Screening of COVID-19 are studied using Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning. An overall these Signal Processing, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning techniques were seen to have satisfactory results for the detection of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Anand
- Electronics and Communication Engineering, Mody University of Science and Technology, India
| | - Vikrant Sharma
- Mechanical Engineering, Mody University of Science and Technology, India
| | - Rajeev Pourush
- Electronics and Communication Engineering, Mody University of Science and Technology, India
| | - Sandeep Jaiswal
- Biomedical Engineering, Mody University of Science and Technology, India
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Development and Validation of a Novel Clinical Prediction Model to Predict the Risk of Lung Metastasis from Ewing Sarcoma for Medical Human-Computer Interface. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:1888586. [PMID: 35392046 PMCID: PMC8983195 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1888586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background. This study aimed at establishing and validating a quantitative and visual prognosis model of Ewing Sarcoma (E.S.) via a nomogram. This model was developed to predict the risk of lung metastasis (L.M.) in patients with E.S. to provide a practical tool and help in clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods. Data of all patients diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma between 2010 and 2016 were retrospectively retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. A training dataset from the enrolled cohorts was built (n = 929). Predictive factors for L.M. were identified based on the results of multivariable logistic regression analyses. A nomogram model and a web calculator were constructed based on those key predictors. A multicenter dataset from four medical institutions was established for model validation (n = 51). The predictive ability of the nomogram model was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration plot. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was applied to explain the accuracy of the nomogram model in clinical practice. Results. Five independent factors, including survival time, surgery, tumor (T) stage, node (N) stage, and bone metastasis, were identified to develop a nomogram model. Internal and external validation indicated significant predictive discrimination: the area under the ROC curve (AUC) value was 0.769 (95% CI: 0.740 to 0.795) in the training cohort and 0.841 (95% CI: 0.712 to 0.929) in the validation cohort, respectively. Calibration plots and DCA presented excellent performance of the nomogram model with great clinical utility. Conclusions. In this study, a nomogram model was constructed and validated to predict L.M. in patients with E.S. for medical human-computer interface—a web calculator (https://drliwenle.shinyapps.io/LMESapp/). This practical tool could help clinicians make better decisions to provide precision prognosis and treatment for patients with E.S.
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Review on people's trust on home use medical devices during Covid-19 pandemic in India. HEALTH AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 12:527-546. [PMID: 35223360 PMCID: PMC8863408 DOI: 10.1007/s12553-022-00645-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the medical device against COVID-19 is an excellent achievement. There are numerous obstacles effectively facing the worldwide population, from manufacture to distribution, deployment and, acceptance. Many manufacturers have entered the market rivalry as people's knowledge and demand for home-use medical equipment has increased. India represents a compelling market opportunity for global medical device manufacturers. Substantial growth for the Indian medical device industry is expected to be driven by the current low per-person spending rate for medical devices. The growth of the medical devices industry in India raises competition law issues (anti-trust) and therefore maintaining public trust in home-use medical devices during COVID-19 will be as essential. The review article aims to create awareness among people about commonly used medical devices during the COVID-19 pandemic and to survey people’s trust in home usable medical devices in India. In a worldwide pandemic, manufacturers of medical devices face insufficient storage and the impossibility of meeting the requirements of the health centre. The sale of some of the most significant medical devices has increased, making it more difficult for the medical device industry to satisfy demand with high-quality goods since the quality of COVID-19 items plays a vital part in the present scenario. Despite the difficulty in providing enough medical equipment during a pandemic, they are striving to adapt to the circumstance. After recognizing the need to promote awareness and grasp the selling, and production, handling of medical instruments during COVID-19 at home was conducted. In addition, medical equipment manufacturers and distributors look at this scenario as an opportunity to profit more. This review article would enable researchers during COVID-19 to build more knowledge and widespread trust in medical technologies respectively.
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Remotely Monitoring COVID-19 Patient Health Condition Using Metaheuristics Convolute Networks from IoT-Based Wearable Device Health Data. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22031205. [PMID: 35161951 PMCID: PMC8838838 DOI: 10.3390/s22031205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Today, COVID-19-patient health monitoring and management are major public health challenges for technologies. This research monitored COVID-19 patients by using the Internet of Things. IoT-based collected real-time GPS helps alert the patient automatically to reduce risk factors. Wearable IoT devices are attached to the human body, interconnected with edge nodes, to investigate data for making health-condition decisions. This system uses the wearable IoT sensor, cloud, and web layers to explore the patient’s health condition remotely. Every layer has specific functionality in the COVID-19 symptoms’ monitoring process. The first layer collects the patient health information, which is transferred to the second layer that stores that data in the cloud. The network examines health data and alerts the patients, thus helping users take immediate actions. Finally, the web layer notifies family members to take appropriate steps. This optimized deep-learning model allows for the management and monitoring for further analysis.
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QoS-Ledger: Smart Contracts and Metaheuristic for Secure Quality-of-Service and Cost-Efficient Scheduling of Medical-Data Processing. ELECTRONICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics10243083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Quality-of-service (QoS) is the term used to evaluate the overall performance of a service. In healthcare applications, efficient computation of QoS is one of the mandatory requirements during the processing of medical records through smart measurement methods. Medical services often involve the transmission of demanding information. Thus, there are stringent requirements for secure, intelligent, public-network quality-of-service. This paper contributes to three different aspects. First, we propose a novel metaheuristic approach for medical cost-efficient task schedules, where an intelligent scheduler manages the tasks, such as the rate of service schedule, and lists items utilized by users during the data processing and computation through the fog node. Second, the QoS efficient-computation algorithm, which effectively monitors performance according to the indicator (parameter) with the analysis mechanism of quality-of-experience (QoE), has been developed. Third, a framework of blockchain-distributed technology-enabled QoS (QoS-ledger) computation in healthcare applications is proposed in a permissionless public peer-to-peer (P2P) network, which stores medical processed information in a distributed ledger. We have designed and deployed smart contracts for secure medical-data transmission and processing in serverless peering networks and handled overall node-protected interactions and preserved logs in a blockchain distributed ledger. The simulation result shows that QoS is computed on the blockchain public network with transmission power = average of −10 to −17 dBm, jitter = 34 ms, delay = average of 87 to 95 ms, throughput = 185 bytes, duty cycle = 8%, route of delivery and response back variable. Thus, the proposed QoS-ledger is a potential candidate for the computation of quality-of-service that is not limited to e-healthcare distributed applications.
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Classification of Covid-19 patients using efficient fine-tuned deep learning DenseNet model. GLOBAL TRANSITIONS PROCEEDINGS 2021. [PMCID: PMC8361010 DOI: 10.1016/j.gltp.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As COVID-19 pandemic caused completely spoils the livings, almost more than one year passed, still lives were not on the track. It is important to diagnose the COVID-19 patients earlier and provide the prompt treatment. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), a deep neural network that specializes in image processing and image classification. In this paper, a fine tuned DenseNet201 model was proposed which is used to classify Chest X ray images. Firstly, different DenseNet121, DenseNet169 and DenseNet201 model trained and tested on the same dataset. With the experiment, it is observed that DenseNet201 model performs well as compared to other dense models. Furthermore, DenseNet201 experiments over different optimizers and it is noticed that RMSprop, Adagrad and Adamax performs better. Proposed model achieves accuracy of 95.2% as compared to other models. We experimentally determine that RMSprop optimizer with DenseNet201 produces better results as similar to Adam and Adamax widely used optimizers.
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Neural Network-Based Mapping Mining of Image Style Transfer in Big Data Systems. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 2021:8387382. [PMID: 34475949 PMCID: PMC8407993 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8387382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Image style transfer can realize the mutual transfer between different styles of images and is an essential application for big data systems. The use of neural network-based image data mining technology can effectively mine the useful information in the image and improve the utilization rate of information. However, when using the deep learning method to transform the image style, the content information is often lost. To address this problem, this paper introduces L1 loss on the basis of the VGG-19 network to reduce the difference between image style and content and adds perceptual loss to calculate the semantic information of the feature map to improve the model's perceptual ability. Experiments show that the proposal in this paper improves the ability of style transfer, while maintaining image content information. The stylization of the improved model can better meet people's requirements for stylization, and the evaluation indexes of structural similarity, cosine similarity, and mutual information value have increased by 0.323%, 0.094%, and 3.591%, respectively.
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Li H, Zheng Q, Yan W, Tao R, Qi X, Wen Z. Image super-resolution reconstruction for secure data transmission in Internet of Things environment. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:6652-6671. [PMID: 34517550 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The image super-resolution reconstruction method can improve the image quality in the Internet of Things (IoT). It improves the data transmission efficiency, and is of great significance to data transmission encryption. Aiming at the problem of low image quality in image super-resolution using neural networks, a self-attention-based image reconstruction method is proposed for secure data transmission in IoT environment. The network model is improved, and the residual network structure and sub-pixel convolution are used to extract the feature of the image. The self-attention module is used extract detailed information in the image. Using generative confrontation method and image feature perception method to improve the image reconstruction effect. The experimental results on the public data set show that the improved network model improves the quality of the reconstructed image and can effectively restore the details of the image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongan Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Qiaoxue Zheng
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- Department of Information Management, School of E-business and Logistics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ruolin Tao
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Global Information and Telecommunication Institute, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan
| | - Zheng Wen
- School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan
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