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Sakamoto S, Bochimoto H, Shibata K, Zin NKM, Fukai M, Nakamura K, Ishikawa T, Fujiyoshi M, Shimamura T, Taketomi A. Exploration of Optimal pH in Hypothermic Machine Perfusion for Rat Liver Grafts Retrieved after Circulatory Death. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113845. [PMID: 37298042 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) is a strategy for controlling ischemia-reperfusion injury in donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver transplantation. The pH of blood increases with a decrease in temperature and water dissociation, leading to a decrease in [H+]. This study aimed to verify the optimal pH of HMP for DCD livers. Rat livers were retrieved 30 min post-cardiac arrest and subjected to 3-h cold storage (CS) in UW solution (CS group) or HMP with UW-gluconate solution (machine perfusion [MP] group) of pH 7.4 (original), 7.6, 7.8, and 8.0 (MP-pH 7.6, 7.8, 8.0 groups, respectively) at 7-10 °C. The livers were subjected to normothermic perfusion to simulate reperfusion after HMP. All HMP groups showed greater graft protection compared to the CS group due to the lower levels of liver enzymes in the former. The MP-pH 7.8 group showed significant protection, evidenced by bile production, diminished tissue injury, and reduced flavin mononucleotide leakage, and further analysis by scanning electron microscopy revealed a well-preserved structure of the mitochondrial cristae. Therefore, the optimum pH of 7.8 enhanced the protective effect of HMP by preserving the structure and function of the mitochondria, leading to reduced reperfusion injury in the DCD liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sodai Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery 1, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Hiroki Bochimoto
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kengo Shibata
- Gastroenterological Surgery 1, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Nur Khatijah Mohd Zin
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Moto Fukai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery 1, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Kosei Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery 1, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Takahisa Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery 1, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Masato Fujiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery 1, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimamura
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery 1, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
- Gastroenterological Surgery 1, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan
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Zhou J, Guo L, Ma T, Qiu T, Wang S, Tian S, Zhang L, Hu F, Li W, Liu Z, Hu Y, Wang T, Kong C, Yang J, Zhou J, Li H. N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-4 protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by blocking apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 N-terminal dimerization. Hepatology 2022; 75:1446-1460. [PMID: 34662438 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is an inevitable complication of liver transplantation (LT) and compromises its prognosis. Glycosyltransferases have been recognized as promising targets for disease therapy, but their roles remain open for study in hepatic I/R (HIR) injury. Here, we aim to demonstrate the exact function and molecular mechanism of a glycosyltransferase, N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-4 (GALNT4), in HIR injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS By an RNA-sequencing data-based correlation analysis, we found a close correlation between GALNT4 expression and HIR-related molecular events in a murine model. mRNA and protein expression of GALNT4 were markedly up-regulated upon reperfusion surgery in both clinical samples from subjects who underwent LT and in a mouse model. We found that GALNT4 deficiency significantly exacerbated I/R-induced liver damage, inflammation, and cell death, whereas GALNT4 overexpression led to the opposite phenotypes. Our in-depth mechanistic exploration clarified that GALNT4 directly binds to apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) to inhibit its N-terminal dimerization and subsequent phosphorylation, leading to a robust inactivation of downstream c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 and NF-κB signaling. Intriguingly, the inhibitory capacity of GALNT4 on ASK1 activation is independent of its glycosyltransferase activity. CONCLUSIONS GALNT4 represents a promising therapeutic target for liver I/R injury and improves liver surgery prognosis by inactivating the ASK1-JNK/p38 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangqiao Zhou
- Department of Organ TransplantationRenmin HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Lina Guo
- Department of Organ TransplantationRenmin HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Tengfei Ma
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of NeurologyHuanggang Central HospitalHuanggangChina
- Huanggang Institute of Translational MedicineHuanggangChina
| | - Tao Qiu
- Department of Organ TransplantationRenmin HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Sichen Wang
- Department of Organ TransplantationRenmin HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Song Tian
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Fengjiao Hu
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Medical Science Research CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Medical Science Research CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Organ TransplantationRenmin HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chenyang Kong
- Department of Organ TransplantationRenmin HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Juan Yang
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Junjie Zhou
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Medical Science Research CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Organ TransplantationRenmin HospitalSchool of Basic Medical SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Institute of Model AnimalWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Medical Science Research CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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3
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Zhang JK, Ding MJ, Liu H, Shi JH, Wang ZH, Wen PH, Zhang Y, Yan B, Guo DF, Zhang XD, Tao RL, Yan ZP, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Guo WZ, Zhang SJ. Regulator of G-protein signaling 14 protects the liver from ischemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing TGF-β-activated kinase 1 activation. Hepatology 2022; 75:338-352. [PMID: 34455616 PMCID: PMC9300117 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common complication of hepatectomy and liver transplantation. However, the mechanisms underlying hepatic IRI have not been fully elucidated. Regulator of G-protein signaling 14 (RGS14) is a multifunctional scaffolding protein that integrates the G-protein and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. However, the role of RGS14 in hepatic IRI remains unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS We found that RGS14 expression increased in mice subjected to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) surgery and during hypoxia reoxygenation in hepatocytes. We constructed global RGS14 knockout (RGS14-KO) and hepatocyte-specific RGS14 transgenic (RGS14-TG) mice to establish 70% hepatic IRI models. Histological hematoxylin and eosin staining, levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, expression of inflammatory factors, and apoptosis were used to assess liver damage and function in these models. We found that RGS14 deficiency significantly aggravated IR-induced liver injury and activated hepatic inflammatory responses and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. Conversely, RGS14 overexpression exerted the opposite effect of the RGS14-deficient models. Phosphorylation of TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and its downstream effectors c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 increased in the liver tissues of RGS14-KO mice but was repressed in those of RGS14-TG mice. Furthermore, inhibition of TAK1 phosphorylation rescued the effect of RGS14 deficiency on JNK and p38 activation, thus blocking the inflammatory responses and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS RGS14 plays a protective role in hepatic IR by inhibiting activation of the TAK1-JNK/p38 signaling pathway. This may be a potential therapeutic strategy for reducing incidences of hepatic IRI in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Kai Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina.,Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ TransplantationZhengzhouChina.,Henan Research & Development International Joint Laboratory for Organ Transplantation ImmunomodulationZhengzhouChina
| | - Ming-Jie Ding
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina.,Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ TransplantationZhengzhouChina.,Henan Research & Development International Joint Laboratory for Organ Transplantation ImmunomodulationZhengzhouChina
| | - Hui Liu
- Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University & Wuhan Third HospitalWuhanChina
| | - Ji-Hua Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina.,Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ TransplantationZhengzhouChina.,Henan Research & Development International Joint Laboratory for Organ Transplantation ImmunomodulationZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhi-Hui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina.,Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ TransplantationZhengzhouChina.,Henan Research & Development International Joint Laboratory for Organ Transplantation ImmunomodulationZhengzhouChina
| | - Pei-Hao Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina.,Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ TransplantationZhengzhouChina.,Henan Research & Development International Joint Laboratory for Organ Transplantation ImmunomodulationZhengzhouChina
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Bing Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina.,Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ TransplantationZhengzhouChina.,Henan Research & Development International Joint Laboratory for Organ Transplantation ImmunomodulationZhengzhouChina
| | - Dan-Feng Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina.,Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ TransplantationZhengzhouChina.,Henan Research & Development International Joint Laboratory for Organ Transplantation ImmunomodulationZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiao-Dan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina.,Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ TransplantationZhengzhouChina.,Henan Research & Development International Joint Laboratory for Organ Transplantation ImmunomodulationZhengzhouChina
| | - Ruo-Lin Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina.,Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ TransplantationZhengzhouChina.,Henan Research & Development International Joint Laboratory for Organ Transplantation ImmunomodulationZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhi-Ping Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina.,Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ TransplantationZhengzhouChina.,Henan Research & Development International Joint Laboratory for Organ Transplantation ImmunomodulationZhengzhouChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of CardiologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wen-Zhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina.,Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ TransplantationZhengzhouChina.,Henan Research & Development International Joint Laboratory for Organ Transplantation ImmunomodulationZhengzhouChina
| | - Shui-Jun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina.,Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Organ TransplantationZhengzhouChina.,Henan Research & Development International Joint Laboratory for Organ Transplantation ImmunomodulationZhengzhouChina
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Jiménez-Castro MB, Cornide-Petronio ME, Gracia-Sancho J, Casillas-Ramírez A, Peralta C. Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases in Steatotic and Non-Steatotic Livers Submitted to Ischemia-Reperfusion. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071785. [PMID: 30974915 PMCID: PMC6479363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the participation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), namely p38, JNK and ERK 1/2 in steatotic and non-steatotic livers undergoing ischemia-reperfusion (I-R), an unresolved problem in clinical practice. Hepatic steatosis is a major risk factor in liver surgery because these types of liver tolerate poorly to I-R injury. Also, a further increase in the prevalence of steatosis in liver surgery is to be expected. The possible therapies based on MAPK regulation aimed at reducing hepatic I-R injury will be discussed. Moreover, we reviewed the relevance of MAPK in ischemic preconditioning (PC) and evaluated whether MAPK regulators could mimic its benefits. Clinical studies indicated that this surgical strategy could be appropriate for liver surgery in both steatotic and non-steatotic livers undergoing I-R. The data presented herein suggest that further investigations are required to elucidate more extensively the mechanisms by which these kinases work in hepatic I-R. Also, further researchers based in the development of drugs that regulate MAPKs selectively are required before such approaches can be translated into clinical liver surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jordi Gracia-Sancho
- Liver Vascular Biology Research Group, Barcelona Hepatic Hemodynamic Laboratory IDIBAPS, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Araní Casillas-Ramírez
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Ciudad Vitoria, Ciudad Victoria 87087, Mexico.
- Facultad de Medicina e ingeniería en Sistemas Computacionales de Matamoros, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Matamoros 87300, México.
| | - Carmen Peralta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
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USP4 deficiency exacerbates hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury via TAK1 signalling. Clin Sci (Lond) 2019; 133:335-349. [PMID: 30622220 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 4 (USP4) protein is a type of deubiquitination enzyme that is correlated with many important biological processes. However, the function of USP4 in hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of USP4 in hepatic I/R injury. USP4 gene knockout mice and primary hepatocytes were used to construct hepatic I/R models. The effect of USP4 on hepatic I/R injury was examined via pathological and molecular analyses. Our results indicated that USP4 was significantly up-regulated in liver of mice subjected to hepatic I/R injury. USP4 knockout mice exhibited exacerbated hepatic I/R injury, as evidenced by enhanced liver inflammation via the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway and increased hepatocyte apoptosis. Additionally, USP4 overexpression inhibited hepatocyte inflammation and apoptosis on hepatic I/R stimulation. Mechanistically, our study demonstrates that USP4 deficiency exerts its detrimental effects on hepatic I/R injury by inducing activation of the transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)/JNK signalling pathways. TAK1 was required for USP4 function in hepatic I/R injury as TAK1 inhibition abolished USP4 function in vitro In conclusion, our study demonstrates that USP4 deficiency plays a detrimental role in hepatic I/R injury by promoting activation of the TAK1/JNK signalling pathways. Modulation of this axis may be a novel strategy to alleviate the pathological process of hepatic I/R injury.
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Deng J, Feng J, Liu T, Lu X, Wang W, Liu N, Lv Y, Liu Q, Guo C, Zhou Y. Beraprost sodium preconditioning prevents inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice via the P38 and JNK pathways. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:4067-4082. [PMID: 30568428 PMCID: PMC6276616 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s182292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine the effects of beraprost sodium (BPS) preconditioning on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and its underlying mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were randomly divided into sham, IR, IR+BPS (50 µg/kg), and IR+BPS (100 µg/kg) groups. Saline or BPS was given to the mice by daily gavage for 1 week before the hepatic IR model was established. Liver tissues and orbital blood were collected at 2, 8, and 24 hours after reperfusion for the determination of liver enzymes, inflammatory mediators, apoptosis- and autophagy-related proteins, key proteins in P38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) cascades, and evaluation of liver histopathology. RESULTS BPS preconditioning effectively reduced serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, improved pathological damage, ameliorated production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and affected expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin-1, and P62. The protective effects of BPS preconditioning were associated with reduced P38 and JNK phosphorylation. CONCLUSION BPS preconditioning ameliorated hepatic IR injury by suppressing inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy, partially via inhibiting activation of the P38 and JNK cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfan Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China, ;
| | - Jiao Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China, ;
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China, ;
| | - Xiya Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China, ;
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China, ;
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China, ;
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China, ;
| | - Chuanyong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China, ; ,Correspondence: Chuanyong Guo; Yingqun Zhou, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Number 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Jing’an, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 21 6630 2535; +86 21 3605 0414, Fax +86 21 6630 3983, Email ;
| | - Yingqun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China, ; ,Correspondence: Chuanyong Guo; Yingqun Zhou, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Number 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Jing’an, Shanghai 200072, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 21 6630 2535; +86 21 3605 0414, Fax +86 21 6630 3983, Email ;
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Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Aged Livers-The Energy Metabolism, Inflammatory Response, and Autophagy. Transplantation 2018; 102:368-377. [PMID: 29135887 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Because of the lack of adequate organs, the number of patients with end-stage liver diseases, acute liver failure or hepatic malignancies waiting for liver transplantation is constantly increasing. Accepting aged liver grafts is one of the strategies expanding the donor pool to ease the discrepancy between the growing demand and the limited supply of donor organs. However, recipients of organs from old donors may show an increased posttransplantation morbidity and mortality due to enhanced ischemia-reperfusion injury. Energy metabolism, inflammatory response, and autophagy are 3 critical processes which are involved in the aging progress as well as in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Compared with young liver grafts, impairment of energy metabolism in aged liver grafts leads to lower adenosine triphosphate production and an enhanced generation of free radicals, both aggravating the inflammatory response. The aggravated inflammatory response determines the extent of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and augments the liver damage. Autophagy protects cells by removal of damaged organelles, including dysfunctional mitochondria, a process impaired in aging and involved in ischemia-reperfusion-related apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, autophagic degradation of cellular compounds relieves intracellular adenosine triphosphate level for the energy depressed cells. Strategies targeting the mechanisms involved in energy metabolism, inflammatory response, and autophagy might be especially useful to prevent the increased risk for ischemia-reperfusion injury in aged livers after major hepatic surgery.
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8
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Wang W, Xiao Q, Hu XY, Liu ZZ, Zhang XJ, Xia ZP, Ye QF, Niu Y. Mild Hypothermia Pretreatment Attenuates Liver Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Through Inhibiting c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase Phosphorylation in Rats. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:259-266. [PMID: 29407320 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild hypothermia is known to be protected against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury. But the exact mechanisms of protection have not yet been fully understood and its usage has been limited. Mild hypothermia pretreatment (MHP) is used to investigate the mechanisms of the protective effects against liver IR injury. METHODS Anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups including the normal group (N), sham group (S), MHP group, normothermia pretreatment (NP) + IR group, and the MHP + IR group. In the pretreatment groups, mild hypothermia (32.2 ± 0.3°C) and normothermia (37 ± 0.5°C) pretreatment were applied for 2 hours, respectively. Then the IR groups suffered partial (70%) hepatic ischemia for 1 hour and reperfusion for 6 hours. At last, hepatic injury, apoptosis, and protein expression were assessed. RESULTS Levels of serum alanine transaminase, hepatic injury, hepatocyte apoptosis, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation were significantly higher in the IR groups. But when compared to NP, all these changes induced by IR were markedly attenuated by MHP. Serum alanine transaminase levels were 383.4 ± 13.1U/L in the MHP + IR group and 951.3 ± 39.4 U/L in the NP + IR group. The histologic score of liver injury in the MHP + IR group was 4.83 ± 1.17, whereas in the NP + IR group it was 10.5 ± 1.05. The proportion of apoptotic cells in the MHP + IR group was 11.58 ± 0.60, but in the NP + IR group, it was 44.95 ± 1.61. The phosphorylation of JNK was also significantly reduced in the MHP + IR group. All these differences are statistically significant (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS MHP could markedly reduce liver IR injury, and these protective effects may be mainly exerted via inhibition of JNK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Q Xiao
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Changsha, China
| | - X-Y Hu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Z-Z Liu
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - X-J Zhang
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Z-P Xia
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China
| | - Q-F Ye
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on Transplantation, Wuhan, China; The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Changsha, China.
| | - Y Niu
- The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine Engineering and Technology, Changsha, China
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Ishikawa T, Shimada S, Fukai M, Kimura T, Umemoto K, Shibata K, Fujiyoshi M, Fujiyoshi S, Hayasaka T, Kawamura N, Kobayashi N, Shimamura T, Taketomi A. Post-reperfusion hydrogen gas treatment ameliorates ischemia reperfusion injury in rat livers from donors after cardiac death: a preliminary study. Surg Today 2018; 48:1081-1088. [PMID: 29980846 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-018-1693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We reported previously that hydrogen gas (H2) reduced hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) after prolonged cold storage (CS) of livers retrieved from heart-beating donors. The present study was designed to assess whether H2 reduced hepatic IRI during donation of a cardiac death (DCD) graft with subsequent CS. METHODS Rat livers were harvested after 30-min cardiac arrest and stored for 4 h in University of Wisconsin solution. The graft was reperfused with oxygenated buffer, with or without H2 (H2 or NT groups, respectively), at 37° for 90 min on isolated perfused rat liver apparatus. RESULTS In the NT group, liver enzyme leakage, apoptosis, necrosis, energy depletion, redox status, impaired microcirculation, and bile production were indicative of severe IRI, whereas in the H2 group these impairments were significantly suppressed. The phosphorylation of cytoplasmic MKK4 and JNK were enhanced in the NT group and suppressed in the H2 group. NFkB-p65 and c-Fos in the nucleus were unexpectedly unchanged by IRI regardless of H2 treatment, indicating the absence of inflammation in this model. CONCLUSION H2 was observed to ameliorate IRI in the DCD liver by maintaining microcirculation, mitochondrial functions, and redox status, as well as suppressing the cytoplasmic MKK4-JNK-mediated cellular death pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shingo Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Moto Fukai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Taichi Kimura
- Laboratory of Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Umemoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kengo Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masato Fujiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Sunao Fujiyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takahiro Hayasaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Norio Kawamura
- Department of Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimamura
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Central Clinical Facilities, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, N-15, W-7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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10
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Zhang S, Jiang S, Wang H, Di W, Deng C, Jin Z, Yi W, Xiao X, Nie Y, Yang Y. SIRT6 protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy related cell death. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 115:18-30. [PMID: 29129519 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Silent information regulator 6 (SIRT6), a class III histone deacetylase, has been revealed to participate in multiple metabolic processes in the liver, and it plays important roles in protecting against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in multiple organs. In this study, we explored whether SIRT6 is protective against hepatic I/R injury and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. The expression of SIRT6 was significantly decreased during reperfusion compared with the control group. SIRT6-LKO mice exhibited significantly aggravated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory responses, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling activation, and apoptosis and autophagy related hepatocyte death compared with control mice. In vitro studies in SIRT6-KO hepatocytes exhibited similar results. In contrast, SIRT6 upregulation alleviated liver damage during hepatic I/R injury. Our study demonstrated for the first time that SIRT6 upregulation effectively protects against hepatic I/R injury. The underlying mechanisms involve the maintenance of oxidative homeostasis and mitochondrial function, which subsequently inhibit the inflammatory responses and MAPK signaling, and finally attenuate apoptosis and autophagy related hepatocyte death. These results suggest that the activation of SIRT6 exerts multifaceted protective effects during hepatic I/R injury, which can provide a novel therapeutic target for hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 Changan South Road, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Wencheng Di
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, China.
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11
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Zhang XJ, Cheng X, Yan ZZ, Fang J, Wang X, Wang W, Liu ZY, Shen LJ, Zhang P, Wang PX, Liao R, Ji YX, Wang JY, Tian S, Zhu XY, Zhang Y, Tian RF, Wang L, Ma XL, Huang Z, She ZG, Li H. An ALOX12–12-HETE–GPR31 signaling axis is a key mediator of hepatic ischemia–reperfusion injury. Nat Med 2017; 24:73-83. [DOI: 10.1038/nm.4451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Yang Z, Yang W, Lu M, Li Z, Qiao X, Sun B, Zhang W, Xue D. Role of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway in the activation of trypsinogen in rat pancreatic acinar cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1119-1126. [PMID: 29207022 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acid causes trypsinogen activation in pancreatic acinar cells through a complex process. Additional research is required to further elucidate which signaling pathways affect trypsinogen activation when activated. the changes in the whole‑genome expression profile of AR42J cells under the effect of taurolithocholic acid 3‑sulfate (TLC‑S) were investigated. Furthermore, gene groups that may play a regulatory role were analyzed using the modular approach of biological networks. The aim of the present study was to improve our understanding of the changes in TLC‑S‑stimulated AR42J cells through a genetic functional modular analysis. whole‑genome expression profile chip arrays were applied to detect genes that were differentially expressed in pancreatic acinar AR42J cells treated with TLC‑S for 20 min. Based on the human protein reference database, a protein‑protein interaction network was obtained, which was then processed by CFinder software to derive 14 modules. Among these 14 modules, the gene ontology biological processes enrichment analysis identified two as modules of interest. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes map analysis revealed that MAP2K4, MAPK8 and FLNA are part of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. The JNK signaling pathway is involved in regulating trypsinogen activation in rat pancreatic AR42J cells. Next, a regulatory network of seven kinase inhibitors was constructed. SP600125 is an ATP‑competitive, efficient, selective and reversible inhibitor of JNK. the results were verified by four sets of experiments and demonstrated that trypsinogen activation is mediated by the JNK signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP). The present study provided a useful reference for better understanding the pathogenesis of AP and identifying new targets to regulate trypsinogen activation, in addition to providing valuable information for the treatment of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengpeng Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Weiguang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of Califonia at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zhituo Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of Califonia at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Weihui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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13
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Li S, Takahara T, Fujino M, Fukuhara Y, Sugiyama T, Li XK, Takahara S. Astaxanthin prevents ischemia-reperfusion injury of the steatotic liver in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187810. [PMID: 29121675 PMCID: PMC5679630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Steatosis has a low tolerance against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). To prevent IRI in the steatotic liver, we attempted to elucidate the protective effect of astaxanthin (ASTX) in the steatotic liver model by giving mice a methionine and choline-deficient high fat (MCDHF) diet. Levels of lipid peroxidation and apoptosis, the expression of inflammatory cytokines and heme oxygenase (HO)-1, in the liver were assessed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis-related proteins and members of the signaling pathway were also examined in isolated Kupffer cells and/or hepatocytes from the steatotic liver. ASTX decreased serum ALT and AST levels, the amount of TUNEL, F4/80, or 4HNE-positive cells and the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines in MCDHF mice by IRI. Moreover, HO-1 and HIF-1α, phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR expressions were increased by ASTX. The inflammatory cytokines produced by Kupffer, which were subjected to hypoxia and reoxygenation (HR), were inhibited by ASTX. Expressions of Bcl-2, HO-1 and Nrf2 in hepatocytes by HR were increased, whereas Caspases activation, Bax and phosphorylation of ERK, MAPK, and JNK were suppressed by ASTX. Pretreatment with ASTX has a protective effect and is a safe therapeutic treatment for IRI, including for liver transplantation of the steatotic liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Research Center of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
- Clinical Medicine Research Center of Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Terumi Takahara
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fukuhara
- Division of Medical Genetics, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sugiyama
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiro Takahara
- Department of Advanced Technology for Transplantation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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14
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Biochemical targets of drugs mitigating oxidative stress via redox-independent mechanisms. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:1225-1252. [PMID: 29101309 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acute or chronic oxidative stress plays an important role in many pathologies. Two opposite approaches are typically used to prevent the damage induced by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), namely treatment either with antioxidants or with weak oxidants that up-regulate endogenous antioxidant mechanisms. This review discusses options for the third pharmacological approach, namely amelioration of oxidative stress by 'redox-inert' compounds, which do not inactivate RONS but either inhibit the basic mechanisms leading to their formation (i.e. inflammation) or help cells to cope with their toxic action. The present study describes biochemical targets of many drugs mitigating acute oxidative stress in animal models of ischemia-reperfusion injury or N-acetyl-p-aminophenol overdose. In addition to the pro-inflammatory molecules, the targets of mitigating drugs include protein kinases and transcription factors involved in regulation of energy metabolism and cell life/death balance, proteins regulating mitochondrial permeability transition, proteins involved in the endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response, nuclear receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and isoprenoid synthesis. The data may help in identification of oxidative stress mitigators that will be effective in human disease on top of the current standard of care.
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15
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Bouhlel A, Ben Mosbah I, Hadj Abdallah N, Ribault C, Viel R, Mannaï S, Corlu A, Ben Abdennebi H. Thymoquinone prevents endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondria-induced apoptosis in a rat model of partial hepatic warm ischemia reperfusion. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:964-973. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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16
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Zhou P, Lu S, Luo Y, Wang S, Yang K, Zhai Y, Sun G, Sun X. Attenuation of TNF-α-Induced Inflammatory Injury in Endothelial Cells by Ginsenoside Rb1 via Inhibiting NF-κB, JNK and p38 Signaling Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:464. [PMID: 28824425 PMCID: PMC5540891 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently believed that inflammation plays a central role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress and redox-sensitive transcription factors are implicated in the process. Ginsenoside Rb1, a major active ingredient in processed Radix notoginseng, has attracted widespread attention because of its potential to improve cardiovascular function. However, the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced vascular endothelial cell injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms have never been studied. This study showed that TNF-α-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) could be attenuated by ginsenoside Rb1 pretreatment. Using JC-1, Annexin V/PI and TUNEL staining, and a caspase-3 activity assay, we found that Rb1 provided significant protection against TNF-α-induced cell death. Furthermore, Rb1 pretreatment could inhibit TNF-α-induced ROS and MDA production; increase the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px; and decrease the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, VEGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Importantly, the cytoprotective effects of Rb1 were correlated with NF-κB signaling pathway inhibition. Additionally, we found that Rb1 may suppress the NF-κB pathway through p-38 and JNK pathway activation, findings supported by the results of our experiments involving anisomycin (AM), a JNK and p38 activator. In conclusion, this study showed that ginsenoside Rb1 protects HUVECs from TNF-α-induced oxidative stress and inflammation by inhibiting JNK and p38. This inhibition suppressed NF-κB signaling and down-regulated the expression of inflammatory factors and apoptosis-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of EducationBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Shan Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of EducationBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of EducationBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of EducationBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of EducationBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Yadong Zhai
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of EducationBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of EducationBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of EducationBeijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijing, China
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17
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The potential curative effect of rebamipide in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:691-700. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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18
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Abstract
Ischemic disorders, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, are the most common causes of debilitating disease and death in westernized cultures. The extent of tissue injury relates directly to the extent of blood flow reduction and to the length of the ischemic period, which influence the levels to which cellular ATP and intracellular pH are reduced. By impairing ATPase-dependent ion transport, ischemia causes intracellular and mitochondrial calcium levels to increase (calcium overload). Cell volume regulatory mechanisms are also disrupted by the lack of ATP, which can induce lysis of organelle and plasma membranes. Reperfusion, although required to salvage oxygen-starved tissues, produces paradoxical tissue responses that fuel the production of reactive oxygen species (oxygen paradox), sequestration of proinflammatory immunocytes in ischemic tissues, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and development of postischemic capillary no-reflow, which amplify tissue injury. These pathologic events culminate in opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores as a common end-effector of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced cell lysis and death. Emerging concepts include the influence of the intestinal microbiome, fetal programming, epigenetic changes, and microparticles in the pathogenesis of I/R. The overall goal of this review is to describe these and other mechanisms that contribute to I/R injury. Because so many different deleterious events participate in I/R, it is clear that therapeutic approaches will be effective only when multiple pathologic processes are targeted. In addition, the translational significance of I/R research will be enhanced by much wider use of animal models that incorporate the complicating effects of risk factors for cardiovascular disease. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:113-170, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Kalogeris
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher P. Baines
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Maike Krenz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ronald J. Korthuis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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19
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Kiziltas S. Toll-like receptors in pathophysiology of liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2016; 8:1354-1369. [PMID: 27917262 PMCID: PMC5114472 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v8.i32.1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that participate in host defense by recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns alongside inflammatory processes by recognizing damage associated molecular patterns. Given constant exposure to pathogens from gut, strict control of TLR-associated signaling pathways is essential in the liver, which otherwise may lead to inappropriate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferons and may generate a predisposition to several autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. The liver is considered to be a site of tolerance induction rather than immunity induction, with specificity in hepatic cell functions and distribution of TLR. Recent data emphasize significant contribution of TLR signaling in chronic liver diseases via complex immune responses mediating hepatocyte (i.e., hepatocellular injury and regeneration) or hepatic stellate cell (i.e., fibrosis and cirrhosis) inflammatory or immune pathologies. Herein, we review the available data on TLR signaling, hepatic expression of TLRs and associated ligands, as well as the contribution of TLRs to the pathophysiology of hepatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safak Kiziltas
- Safak Kiziltas, Department of Gastroenterology, Baskent University Istanbul Hospital, 34662 Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Ruess DA, Probst M, Marjanovic G, Wittel UA, Hopt UT, Keck T, Bausch D. HDACi Valproic Acid (VPA) and Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA) Delay but Fail to Protect against Warm Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161233. [PMID: 27513861 PMCID: PMC4981462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylases (HDAC) catalyze N-terminal deacetylation of lysine-residues on histones and multiple nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. In various animal models, such as trauma/hemorrhagic shock, ischemic stroke or myocardial infarction, HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) application is cyto- and organoprotective and promotes survival. HDACi reduce stress signaling, cell death and inflammation. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury during major liver resection or transplantation increases morbidity and mortality. Assuming protective properties, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the HDACi VPA and SAHA on warm hepatic I/R. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Wistar-Kyoto rats (age: 6-8 weeks) were randomized to VPA, SAHA, vehicle control (pre-) treatment or sham-groups and underwent partial no-flow liver ischemia for 90 minutes with subsequent reperfusion for 6, 12, 24 and 60 hours. Injury and regeneration was quantified by serum AST and ALT levels, by macroscopic aspect and (immuno-) histology. HDACi treatment efficiency, impact on MAPK/SAPK-activation and Hippo-YAP signaling was determined by Western blot. RESULTS Treatment with HDACi significantly enhanced hyperacetylation of Histone H3-K9 during I/R, indicative of adequate treatment efficiency. Liver injury, as measured by macroscopic aspect, serum transaminases and histology, was delayed, but not alleviated in VPA and SAHA treated animals. Importantly, tissue destruction was significantly more pronounced with VPA. SAPK-activation (p38 and JNK) was reduced by VPA and SAHA in the early (6h) reperfusion phase, but augmented later on (JNK, 24h). Regeneration appeared enhanced in SAHA and VPA treated animals and was dependent on Hippo-YAP signaling. CONCLUSIONS VPA and SAHA delay warm hepatic I/R injury at least in part through modulation of SAPK-activation. However, these HDACi fail to exert organoprotective effects, in this setting. For VPA, belated damage is even aggravated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich A. Ruess
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Moriz Probst
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Goran Marjanovic
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uwe A. Wittel
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich T. Hopt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Keck
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Dirk Bausch
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Taurine zinc solid dispersions enhance bile-incubated L02 cell viability and improve liver function by inhibiting ERK2 and JNK phosphorylation during cholestasis. Toxicology 2016; 366-367:10-9. [PMID: 27501764 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dietary intakes of taurine and zinc are associated with decreased risk of liver disease. In this study, solid dispersions (SDs) of a taurine zinc complex on hepatic injury were examined in vitro using the immortalized human hepatocyte cell line L02 and in a rat model of bile duct ligation. Sham-operated and bile duct ligated Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with the vehicle alone or taurine zinc (40, 80, 160mg/kg) for 17days. Bile duct ligation significantly increased blood lipid levels, and promoted hepatocyte apoptosis, inflammation and compensatory biliary proliferation. In vitro, incubation with bile significantly reduced L02 cell viability; this effect was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) and enhanced when co-incubated with taurine zinc SDs. In vivo, administration of taurine zinc SDs decreased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in a dose-dependent manner and attenuated the increases in serum total bilirubin, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels after bile duct ligation. Additionally, taurine zinc SDs downregulated the expression of interleukin-1β and inhibited the phosphorylation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase2 (ERK2) in the liver after bile duct ligation. Moreover, taurine zinc SDs had more potent blood lipid regulatory and anti-apoptotic effects than the physical mixture of taurine and zinc acetate. Therefore, we speculate that taurine zinc SDs protect liver function at least in part via a mechanism linked to reduce phosphorylation of JNK and ERK2, which suppresses inflammation, apoptosis and cholangiocyte proliferation during cholestasis.
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Cardioprotective Effect of Electroacupuncture Pretreatment on Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Antiapoptotic Signaling. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:4609784. [PMID: 27313648 PMCID: PMC4897718 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4609784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Our previous study has used RNA-seq technology to show that apoptotic molecules were involved in the myocardial protection of electroacupuncture pretreatment (EAP) on the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) animal model. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate how EAP protects myocardium against myocardial I/R injury through antiapoptotic mechanism. Methods. By using rats with myocardial I/R, we ligated the left anterior descending artery (LAD) for 30 minutes followed by 4 hr of reperfusion after EAP at the Neiguan (PC6) acupoint for 12 days; we employed arrhythmia scores, serum myocardial enzymes, and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) to evaluate the cardioprotective effect. Heart tissues were harvested for western blot analyses for the expressions of pro- and antiapoptotic signaling molecules. Results. Our preliminary findings showed that EAP increased the survival of the animals along with declined arrhythmia scores and decreased CK, LDH, CK-Mb, and cTnT levels. Further analyses with the heart tissues detected reduced myocardial fiber damage, decreased number of apoptotic cells and the protein expressions of Cyt c and cleaved caspase 3, and the elevated level of Endo G and AIF after EAP intervention. At the same time, the protein expressions of antiapoptotic molecules, including Xiap, BclxL, and Bcl2, were obviously increased. Conclusions. The present study suggested that EAP protected the myocardium from I/R injury at least partially through the activation of endogenous antiapoptotic signaling.
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Yang Y, Zhang S, Fan C, Yi W, Jiang S, Di S, Ma Z, Hu W, Deng C, Lv J, Li T, Nie Y, Jin Z. Protective role of silent information regulator 1 against hepatic ischemia: effects on oxidative stress injury, inflammatory response, and MAPKs. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:519-31. [PMID: 26864795 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1153067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have verified that silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a class III histone deacetylase, protects against ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury (IRI) in some organs. In this study, we examined whether SIRT1 could protect against hepatic IRI and explored the potential mechanisms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined whether SIRT1 could protect against hepatic IRI in vivo and in vitro using hepatic-specific SIRT1(-/-) mice, SIRT1 siRNA-transfected hepatocytes and SIRT1(+/+) hepatocytes. RESULTS The expression and activity of SIRT1 were significantly reduced during reperfusion compared with that observed in the control group. Hepatic-specific SIRT1(-/-) mice exhibited significant increase of hepatic damage markers and augment of oxidative stress and inflammatory response compared with control mice. In vitro studies demonstrated similar results. Furthermore, SIRT1 upregulation protects against hepatic IRI, through the overexpression of p-JNK, p-p38MAPK, and p-ERK. The protection of SIRT1 can be effectively reversed by the inhibitors of p38MAPK, JNK, and ERK. CONCLUSION The activation of SIRT1 significantly inhibits the oxidative stress and inflammatory response during hepatic IRI, which can be developed as a novel method to protect against hepatic IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- a Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China.,b Department of Biomedical Engineering , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Song Zhang
- c State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Chongxi Fan
- d Department of Thoracic Surgery , Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Wei Yi
- a Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- e Department of Aerospace Medicine , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Shouyi Di
- c State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- c State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Gastroenterology, Xijing Hospital , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Wei Hu
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Chao Deng
- a Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Jianjun Lv
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Tian Li
- b Department of Biomedical Engineering , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- d Department of Thoracic Surgery , Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Zhenxiao Jin
- a Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital , The Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
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Bejaoui M, Pantazi E, De Luca V, Panisello A, Folch-Puy E, Serafin A, Capasso C, C. T. S, Rosselló-Catafau J. Acetazolamide Protects Steatotic Liver Grafts against Cold Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 355:191-198. [PMID: 26330538 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.225177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
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Bejaoui M, Pantazi E, Folch-Puy E, Panisello A, Calvo M, Pasut G, Rimola A, Navasa M, Adam R, Roselló-Catafau J. Protective Effect of Intravenous High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Glycol on Fatty Liver Preservation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:794287. [PMID: 26543868 PMCID: PMC4620277 DOI: 10.1155/2015/794287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) leads to significant tissue damage in liver surgery. Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are water soluble nontoxic polymers that have proved their effectiveness against IRI. The objective of our study was to investigate the potential protective effects of intravenous administration of a high molecular weight PEG of 35 kDa (PEG 35) in steatotic livers subjected to cold ischemia reperfusion. In this study, we used isolated perfused rat liver model to assess the effects of PEG 35 intravenous administration after prolonged cold ischemia (24 h, 4°C) and after reperfusion (2 h, 37°C). Liver injury was measured by transaminases levels and mitochondrial damage was determined by confocal microscopy assessing mitochondrial polarization (after cold storage) and by measuring glutamate dehydrogenase activity (after reperfusion). Also, cell signaling pathways involved in the physiopathology of IRI were assessed by western blot technique. Our results show that intravenous administration of PEG 35 at 10 mg/kg ameliorated liver injury and protected the mitochondria. Moreover, PEG 35 administration induced a significant phosphorylation of prosurvival protein kinase B (Akt) and activation of cytoprotective factors e-NOS and AMPK. In conclusion, intravenous PEG 35 efficiently protects steatotic livers exposed to cold IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bejaoui
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eirini Pantazi
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Emma Folch-Puy
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Arnau Panisello
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Calvo
- Serveis Cientifico-Tècnics, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Pasut
- Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences Department, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Antoni Rimola
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Navasa
- Liver Unit, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - René Adam
- Centre Hepato-Biliaire, AP-P-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Inserm U776, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, 75008 Paris, France
| | - Joan Roselló-Catafau
- Experimental Pathology Department, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), 08036 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Jones RT, Toledo-Pereyra LH, Quesnelle KM. Selectins in Liver Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. J INVEST SURG 2015; 28:292-300. [DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2015.1056920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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27
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Bejaoui M, Pantazi E, De Luca V, Panisello A, Folch-Puy E, Hotter G, Capasso C, T. Supuran C, Rosselló-Catafau J. Carbonic Anhydrase Protects Fatty Liver Grafts against Ischemic Reperfusion Damage. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26225852 PMCID: PMC4520486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and a proton. CAs are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including acid-base homeostasis, electrolyte balance, oxygen delivery to tissues and nitric oxide generation. Given that these processes are found to be dysregulated during ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI), and taking into account the high vulnerability of steatotic livers to preservation injury, we hypothesized a new role for CA as a pharmacological agent able to protect against ischemic damage. Two different aspects of the role of CA II in fatty liver grafts preservation were evaluated: 1) the effect of its addition to Institut Georges Lopez (IGL-1) storage solution after cold ischemia; 2) and after 24h of cold storage followed by two hours of normothermic ex-vivo perfusion. In all cases, liver injury, CA II protein concentration, CA II mRNA levels and CA II activity were determined. In case of the ex-vivo perfusion, we further assessed liver function (bile production, bromosulfophthalein clearance) and Western blot analysis of phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen activated protein kinases family (MAPKs) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) parameters (GRP78, PERK, IRE, eIF2α and ATF6). We found that CA II was downregulated after cold ischemia. The addition of bovine CA II to IGL-1 preservation solution efficiently protected steatotic liver against cold IRI. In the case of reperfusion, CA II protection was associated with better function, AMPK activation and the prevention of ERS and MAPKs activation. Interestingly, CA II supplementation was not associated with enhanced CO2 hydration. The results suggest that CA II modulation may be a promising target for fatty liver graft preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bejaoui
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona-Spanish National Research Council (IIBB-CSIC), IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eirini Pantazi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona-Spanish National Research Council (IIBB-CSIC), IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| | - Arnau Panisello
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona-Spanish National Research Council (IIBB-CSIC), IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Folch-Puy
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona-Spanish National Research Council (IIBB-CSIC), IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georgina Hotter
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona-Spanish National Research Council (IIBB-CSIC), IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Joan Rosselló-Catafau
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona-Spanish National Research Council (IIBB-CSIC), IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Pantazi E, Bejaoui M, Zaouali MA, Folch-Puy E, Pinto Rolo A, Panisello A, Palmeira CM, Roselló-Catafau J. Losartan activates sirtuin 1 in rat reduced-size orthotopic liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:8021-8031. [PMID: 26185373 PMCID: PMC4499344 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i26.8021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate a possible association between losartan and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in reduced-size orthotopic liver transplantation (ROLT) in rats.
METHODS: Livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were preserved in University of Wisconsin preservation solution for 1 h at 4 °C prior to ROLT. In an additional group, an antagonist of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), losartan, was orally administered (5 mg/kg) 24 h and 1 h before the surgical procedure to both the donors and the recipients. Transaminase (as an indicator of liver injury), SIRT1 activity, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+, a co-factor necessary for SIRT1 activity) levels were determined by biochemical methods. Protein expression of SIRT1, acetylated FoxO1 (ac-FoxO1), NAMPT (the precursor of NAD+), heat shock proteins (HSP70, HO-1) expression, endoplasmic reticulum stress (GRP78, IRE1α, p-eIF2) and apoptosis (caspase 12 and caspase 3) parameters were determined by Western blot. Possible alterations in protein expression of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), such as p-p38 and p-ERK, were also evaluated. Furthermore, the SIRT3 protein expression and mRNA levels were examined.
RESULTS: The present study demonstrated that losartan administration led to diminished liver injury when compared to ROLT group, as evidenced by the significant decreases in alanine aminotransferase (358.3 ± 133.44 vs 206 ± 33.61, P < 0.05) and aspartate aminotransferase levels (893.57 ± 397.69 vs 500.85 ± 118.07, P < 0.05). The lessened hepatic injury in case of losartan was associated with enhanced SIRT1 protein expression and activity (5.27 ± 0.32 vs 6.08 ± 0.30, P < 0.05). This was concomitant with increased levels of NAD+ (0.87 ± 0.22 vs 1.195 ± 0.144, P < 0.05) the co-factor necessary for SIRT1 activity, as well as with decreases in ac-FoxO1 expression. Losartan treatment also provoked significant attenuation of endoplasmic reticulum stress parameters (GRP78, IRE1α, p-eIF2) which was consistent with reduced levels of both caspase 12 and caspase 3. Furthermore, losartan administration stimulated HSP70 protein expression and attenuated HO-1 expression. However, no changes were observed in protein or mRNA expression of SIRT3. Finally, the protein expression pattern of p-ERK and p-p38 were not altered upon losartan administration.
CONCLUSION: The present study reports that losartan induces SIRT1 expression and activity, and that it reduces hepatic injury in a ROLT model.
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Huang W, Lv B, Zeng H, Shi D, Liu Y, Chen F, Li F, Liu X, Zhu R, Yu L, Jiang X. Paracrine Factors Secreted by MSCs Promote Astrocyte Survival Associated With GFAP Downregulation After Ischemic Stroke via p38 MAPK and JNK. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2461-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Huang
- The National Key Clinic Specialty; The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Bingke Lv
- The National Key Clinic Specialty; The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Huijun Zeng
- The National Key Clinic Specialty; The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Department of Anatomy; Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Yi Liu
- The National Key Clinic Specialty; The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Fanfan Chen
- The National Key Clinic Specialty; The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Feng Li
- The National Key Clinic Specialty; The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Department of Anatomy; Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Anatomy; Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Anatomy; Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection of Guangdong Province; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- The National Key Clinic Specialty; The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration; Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital; Southern Medical University; Guangzhou China
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Ginsenoside Rg1, a potential JNK inhibitor, protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver damage. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm through inactivation of the JNK and p38 signaling pathways. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 73:86-95. [PMID: 25912763 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a life-threatening vascular disease, accounts for approximately 10% of the morbidity in people over 65 years old. No satisfactory approach is available to treat AAA. Ginsenosides Rb1 and Rg1 are primary ingredients of Panax notoginseng for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, but their impact on AAA is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS An AAA model was established using an Ang II infusion in ApoE(-/-) mice. After continuous stimulation of Ang II for 28 days, suprarenal aortic aneurysms developed in 77% mice and 12% mice died suddenly due to AAA rupture. Administration of ginsenoside Rb1 (20 mg/kg/day), but not ginsenoside Rg1, significantly reduced the incidence and mortality of AAA. Ginsenoside Rb1 treatment dramatically suppressed Ang II-induced diameter enlargement, extracellular matrix degradation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production, inflammatory cell infiltration, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dysfunction. Mechanistic studies indicated that the protective effects of ginsenoside Rb1 were associated with the inactivation of JNK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. A specific activator of JNK and p38, anisomycin, nearly abolished ginsenoside Rb1-driven suppression of MMP secretion by VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS Ginsenoside Rb1, as a potential anti-AAA agent, suppressed AAA through inhibiting the JNK and p38 signaling pathways.
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Engels M, Bilgic E, Pinto A, Vasquez E, Wollschläger L, Steinbrenner H, Kellermann K, Akhyari P, Lichtenberg A, Boeken U. A cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest rat model for the investigation of the systemic inflammation response and induced organ damage. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2014; 11:26. [PMID: 25400510 PMCID: PMC4231204 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-014-0026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a commonly used technique in cardiac surgery. CPB is however associated with a strong induction of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) which in conjunction with ischemia and reperfusion may lead to multiple organ failure. The aim of the study was to establish and characterize a CPB rat model incorporating deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with a specific focus on the extent of the inflammatory reactions and organ damage as a groundwork for novel therapeutics against SIRS and I/R induced organ injury. Materials and methods Male Wistar rats (n = 6) were cannulated for CPB, connected to a heart-lung-machine (HLM) and cooled to a temperature of 16°C before they underwent 45 minutes of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with global ischaemia. Arrest was followed by rewarming and 60 minutes of reperfusion. Haemodynamic and vital parameters were recorded throughout the CPB procedure. Only animals displaying sinus rhythm throughout reperfusion were utilized for analysis. Rats were euthanized and tissue samples were harvested. Blood gas analysis was performed and blood samples were taken. Induction of organ damage was examined by analysis of protein levels and phosphorylation status of kinases and stress proteins. Results were compared to animals (n = 6) which did not undergo CPB. Results CPB induced leucocytosis and an increase of interleukin-6 and TNF-α plasma values indicating an inflammatory response. Markers of tissue damage and dysfunction, such as troponin T, creatinine and AST were elevated. Phosphorylation of STAT3 was induced in all examined organs. Activation of MAPK and induction of heat shock proteins occurred in an organ-specific manner with most pronounced effects in heart, lungs and kidneys. Conclusions The presented CPB rat model shows the induction of SIRS and activation of specific signalling cascades. SIRS seems not to be provoked during DHCA and is elicited mainly during reperfusion. This model might be suitable to test the efficacy of therapeutics applied in major heart surgery with and without DHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Engels
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, Duesseldorf, D - 40225, Germany ; Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Esra Bilgic
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, Duesseldorf, D - 40225, Germany
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, Duesseldorf, D - 40225, Germany ; Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Edwin Vasquez
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, Duesseldorf, D - 40225, Germany ; Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Lena Wollschläger
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, Duesseldorf, D - 40225, Germany ; Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Holger Steinbrenner
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristine Kellermann
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, Duesseldorf, D - 40225, Germany
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, Duesseldorf, D - 40225, Germany
| | - Udo Boeken
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, Duesseldorf, D - 40225, Germany
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Tong X, Yin L. Circadian rhythms in liver physiology and liver diseases. Compr Physiol 2013; 3:917-40. [PMID: 23720334 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c120017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, circadian rhythms function to coordinate a diverse panel of physiological processes with environmental conditions such as food and light. As the driving force for circadian rhythmicity, the molecular clock is a self-sustained transcription-translational feedback loop system consisting of transcription factors, epigenetic modulators, kinases/phosphatases, and ubiquitin E3 ligases. The molecular clock exists not only in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus but also in the peripheral tissues to regulate cellular and physiological function in a tissue-specific manner. The circadian clock system in the liver plays important roles in regulating metabolism and energy homeostasis. Clock gene mutant animals display impaired glucose and lipid metabolism and are susceptible to diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction, providing strong evidence for the connection between the circadian clock and metabolic homeostasis. Circadian-controlled hepatic metabolism is partially achieved by controlling the expression and/or activity of key metabolic enzymes, transcription factors, signaling molecules, and transporters. Reciprocally, intracellular metabolites modulate the molecular clock activity in response to the energy status. Although still at the early stage, circadian clock dysfunction has been implicated in common chronic liver diseases. Circadian dysregulation of lipid metabolism, detoxification, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell-cycle control might contribute to the onset and progression of liver steatosis, fibrosis, and even carcinogenesis. In summary, these findings call for a comprehensive study of the function and mechanisms of hepatic circadian clock to gain better understanding of liver physiology and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tong
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Yang Q, Zheng FP, Zhan YS, Tao J, Tan SW, Liu HL, Wu B. Tumor necrosis factor-α mediates JNK activation response to intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:4925-4934. [PMID: 23946597 PMCID: PMC3740422 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i30.4925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mediates ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced intestinal mucosal injury through c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation.
METHODS: In this study, intestinal I/R was induced by 60-min occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery in rats followed by 60-min reperfusion, and the rats were pretreated with a TNF-α inhibitor, pentoxifylline, or the TNF-α antibody infliximab. After surgery, part of the intestine was collected for histological analysis. The mucosal layer was harvested for RNA and protein extraction, which were used for further real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting analyses. The TNF-α expression, intestinal mucosal injury, cell apoptosis, activation of apoptotic protein and JNK signaling pathway were analyzed.
RESULTS: I/R significantly enhanced expression of mucosal TNF-α at both the mRNA and protein levels, induced severe mucosal injury and cell apoptosis, activated caspase-9/caspase-3, and activated the JNK signaling pathway. Pretreatment with pentoxifylline markedly downregulated TNF-α at both the mRNA and protein levels, whereas infliximab pretreatment did not affect the expression of TNF-α induced by I/R. However, pretreatment with pentoxifylline or infliximab dramatically suppressed I/R-induced mucosal injury and cell apoptosis and significantly inhibited the activation of caspase-9/3 and JNK signaling.
CONCLUSION: The results indicate there was a TNF-α-mediated JNK activation response to intestinal I/R injury.
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Lim EJ, Do GM, Shin JH, Kwon O. Protective effects of Acanthopanax divaricatus vat. albeofructus and its active compound on ischemia–reperfusion injury of rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 432:599-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Duarte S, Shen XD, Fondevila C, Busuttil RW, Coito AJ. Fibronectin-α4β1 interactions in hepatic cold ischemia and reperfusion injury: regulation of MMP-9 and MT1-MMP via the p38 MAPK pathway. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:2689-99. [PMID: 22812390 PMCID: PMC3459169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains a challenging problem in clinical settings. The expression of fibronectin (FN) by endothelial cells is a prominent feature of the hepatic response to injury. Here we investigate the effects of the connecting segment-1 (CS-1) peptide therapy, which blocks FN-α4β1 integrin leukocyte interactions, in a well-established model of 24-h cold liver IRI. CS-1 peptides significantly inhibited leukocyte recruitment and local release of proinflammatory mediators (COX-2, iNOS and TNF-α), ameliorating liver IRI and improving recipient survival rate. CS1 therapy inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, a kinase linked to inflammatory processes. Moreover, in addition to downregulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in hepatic IRI, CS-1 peptide therapy depressed the expression of membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP/MMP-14) by macrophages, a membrane-tethered MMP important for focal matrix proteolysis. Inhibition of p38 MAPK activity, with its pharmacological antagonist SB203580, downregulated MMP-9 and MT1-MMP/MMP-14 expressions by FN-stimulated macrophages, suggesting that p38 MAPK kinase pathway controls FN-mediated inductions of MMP-9 and MT1-MMP/MMP-14. Hence, this study provides new insights on the role of FN in liver injury, which can potentially be applied to the development of new pharmacological strategies for the successful protection against hepatic IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Duarte
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Xiu-Da Shen
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Constantino Fondevila
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ronald W. Busuttil
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ana J. Coito
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA,Address correspondence to: Dr. Ana J. Coito, The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, 77–120 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095–7054,
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Ocuin LM, Zeng S, Cavnar MJ, Sorenson EC, Bamboat ZM, Greer JB, Kim TS, Popow R, DeMatteo RP. Nilotinib protects the murine liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Hepatol 2012; 57:766-73. [PMID: 22641092 PMCID: PMC3437237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38, mediate liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury via cell death and inflammatory cytokine expression, respectively. Nilotinib is an orally available receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for chronic myelogenous leukemia that also has in vitro activity against JNK and p38. In this study, we examine its therapeutic potential against hepatic I/R injury. METHODS The effects of nilotinib on liver I/R injury were tested using a murine model of warm, segmental liver I/R. Serum ALT was measured and livers were analyzed by histology, RT-PCR, Western blot, and flow cytometry. The in vitro effects of nilotinib on hepatocyte and non-parenchymal cell (NPC) MAPK activation and cytokine production were also tested. RESULTS Mice receiving nilotinib had markedly lower serum ALT levels and less histologic injury and apoptosis following liver I/R. Nilotinib did not inhibit its known receptor tyrosine kinases. Nilotinib lowered intrahepatic expression of IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and MIP-2 and systemic levels of IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF. Nilotinib reduced NPC activation of p38 MAPK signaling and decreased the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes and their production of TNF. Nilotinib attenuated JNK phosphorylation and hepatocellular apoptosis. In vitro, nilotinib demonstrated direct inhibition of JNK activation in isolated hepatocytes cultured under hypoxic conditions, and blocked activation of p38 MAPK and cytokine production by stimulated NPCs. CONCLUSIONS Nilotinib lowers both liver JNK activation and NPC p38 MAPK activation and may be useful for ameliorating liver I/R injury in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee M Ocuin
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Chang WJ, Toledo-Pereyra LH. Toll-like receptor signaling in liver ischemia and reperfusion. J INVEST SURG 2012; 25:271-7. [PMID: 22853814 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2012.687802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injuries are significant clinical challenges implicated in various hepatic surgical procedures and transplantations. Associated with varying degrees of insult, the hallmark of I/R is the excessive inflammatory response potentiated by the host immune system. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), known to play an important role in pathogen-derived inflammation, are now thought to participate in I/R injury-derived inflammation signaling pathways. Endogenous particles (proteins, cytokines, nucleic acids) that are released from damaged host cells bind to TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, resulting in even further injury by subsequent inflammatory reactions and activation of the innate immune system. This review aims to systematically examine the current literature about TLR signaling mechanisms, allowing for a greater understanding of the precise role of TLRs in hepatic I/R injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson J Chang
- Department of Research and Surgery, Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies, Michigan State University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
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C-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 2 Promotes Liver Injury via the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition after Hemorrhage and Resuscitation. HPB SURGERY : A WORLD JOURNAL OF HEPATIC, PANCREATIC AND BILIARY SURGERY 2012; 2012:641982. [PMID: 22791932 PMCID: PMC3390051 DOI: 10.1155/2012/641982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock leads to hepatic hypoperfusion and activation of mitogen-activated stress kinases (MAPK) like c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1 and 2. Our aim was to determine whether mitochondrial dysfunction leading to hepatic necrosis and apoptosis after hemorrhage/resuscitation (H/R) was dependent on JNK2. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, wildtype (WT) and JNK2 deficient (KO) mice were hemorrhaged to 30 mm Hg for 3 h and then resuscitated with shed blood plus half the volume of lactated Ringer's solution. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), necrosis, apoptosis and oxidative stress were assessed 6 h after resuscitation. Mitochondrial polarization was assessed by intravital microscopy. After H/R, ALT in WT-mice increased from 130 U/L to 4800 U/L. In KO-mice, ALT after H/R was blunted to 1800 U/l (P < 0.05). Necrosis, caspase-3 activity and ROS were all substantially decreased in KO compared to WT mice after H/R. After sham operation, intravital microscopy revealed punctate mitochondrial staining by rhodamine 123 (Rh123), indicating normal mitochondrial polarization. At 4 h after H/R, Rh123 staining became dim and diffuse in 58% of hepatocytes, indicating depolarization and onset of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). By contrast, KO mice displayed less depolarization after H/R (23%, P < 0.05). In conclusion, JNK2 contributes to MPT-mediated liver injury after H/R.
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Matsuda A, Jacob A, Wu R, Zhou M, Aziz M, Wang P. Milk fat globule--EGF factor VIII ameliorates liver injury after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. J Surg Res 2012; 180:e37-46. [PMID: 22487387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious clinical complication that may compromise liver function because of extensive hepatocyte loss. Therefore, the development of novel and effective therapies for hepatic I/R is critical for the improvement of patient outcome. It has been previously shown that administration of milk fat globule-EGF factor VIII (MFG-E8), a membrane-associated secretory glycoprotein, exerts significant beneficial effects under acute inflammatory conditions through multiple physiological processes associated with tissue remodeling. METHODS To determine whether administration of recombinant human (rh) MFG-E8 attenuates liver injury in an animal model of hepatic I/R, male adult rats were subjected to 70% hepatic ischemia for 90 min, followed by reperfusion. At the beginning of reperfusion, rats were treated intravenously with normal saline (vehicle) or rhMFG-E8 (160 μg/kg) over a period of 30 min. MFG-E8 levels and various measurements were assessed 4 h after reperfusion. In addition, survival study was conducted in MFG-E8(-/-) and rhMFG-E8-treated wild-type (WT) mice using a total hepatic ischemia model. RESULTS Liver and plasma MFG-E8 protein levels were significantly decreased after hepatic I/R. Administration of rhMFG-E8 significantly improved liver injury, suppressed apoptosis, attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress, and downregulated NF-κB pathway. We also noticed that rhMFG-E8 treatment restored the downregulated PPAR-γ expression after hepatic I/R. MFG-E8(-/-) mice showed deterioration on survival and, in contrast, rhMFG-E8-treated WT mice showed a significant improvement of survival compared with vehicle-treated WT mice. CONCLUSIONS MFG-E8-mediated multiple physiological events may represent an effective therapeutic option in tissue injury following an episode of hepatic I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Matsuda
- Department of Surgery, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, New York, USA
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Bhogal RH, Weston CJ, Curbishley SM, Adams DH, Afford SC. Activation of CD40 with platelet derived CD154 promotes reactive oxygen species dependent death of human hepatocytes during hypoxia and reoxygenation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30867. [PMID: 22295117 PMCID: PMC3266283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia and hypoxia-reoxygenation (H-R) are pathogenic factors in many liver diseases that lead to hepatocyte death as a result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The tumor necrosis factor super-family member CD154 can also induce hepatocyte apoptosis via activation of its receptor CD40 and induction of autocrine/paracrine Fas Ligand/CD178 but the relationship between CD40 activation, ROS generation and apoptosis is poorly understood. We hypothesised that CD40 activation and ROS accumulation act synergistically to drive human hepatocyte apoptosis. METHODS Human hepatocytes were isolated from liver tissue and exposed to an in vitro model of hypoxia and H-R in the presence or absence of CD154 and/or various inhibitors. Hepatocyte ROS production, apoptosis and necrosis were determined by labelling cells with 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin, Annexin-V and 7-AAD respectively in a three-colour reporter flow cytometry assay. RESULTS Exposure of human hepatocytes to recombinant CD154 or platelet-derived soluble CD154 augments ROS accumulation during H-R resulting in NADPH oxidase-dependent apoptosis and necrosis. The inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase and p38 attenuated CD154-mediated apoptosis but not necrosis. CONCLUSIONS CD154-mediated apoptosis of hepatocytes involves ROS generation that is amplified during hypoxia-reoxygenation. This finding provides a molecular mechanism to explain the role of platelets in hepatocyte death during ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky H Bhogal
- Centre for Liver Research, School of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedical Research, The Medical School, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Sato H, Tanaka T, Tanaka N. The effect of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation on inflammatory liver damage following hemorrhagic shock in rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30124. [PMID: 22253904 PMCID: PMC3253806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic shock is a frequent cause of liver failure and often leads to a fatal outcome. Several studies have revealed that p38 MAPK is a key mediator in hemorrhagic damage of the primary organs through the activation of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β. However, the precise role of these factors in liver damage following hemorrhagic shock is unclear. In this study, we used FR167653, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK phosphorylation, to examine the role of p38 MAPK in liver damage occurring up to 5 hours after a hemorrhagic episode in a rat model. Activation of p38 MAPK in the liver as well as an increase in hepatic mRNA expression and serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β occurred during the early phase after hemorrhage. Increased serum levels of hepatic enzymes, as well as histological damage and activated neutrophil accumulation in the liver, were observed in the late phase following hemorrhagic shock. FR167653 inhibited the inflammation-related hepatic injury following hemorrhagic shock. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the gut appeared to have little effects on the hepatic damage. These results demonstrate that p38 MAPK activation is induced by hepatic ischemia during hemorrhagic shock and plays an important role both in the hepatic expression of proinflammatory cytokines and in the development of inflammation-related liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Sato
- Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Yahata-Nishi, Kitakyushu, Japan.
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Dharap A, Nakka VP, Vemuganti R. microRNAs in Ischemic Brain: The Fine-Tuning Specialists and Novel Therapeutic Targets. Transl Stroke Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9530-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kalogeris T, Baines CP, Krenz M, Korthuis RJ. Cell biology of ischemia/reperfusion injury. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 298:229-317. [PMID: 22878108 PMCID: PMC3904795 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394309-5.00006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1385] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disorders characterized by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, continue to be among the most frequent causes of debilitating disease and death. Tissue injury and/or death occur as a result of the initial ischemic insult, which is determined primarily by the magnitude and duration of the interruption in the blood supply, and then subsequent damage induced by reperfusion. During prolonged ischemia, ATP levels and intracellular pH decrease as a result of anaerobic metabolism and lactate accumulation. As a consequence, ATPase-dependent ion transport mechanisms become dysfunctional, contributing to increased intracellular and mitochondrial calcium levels (calcium overload), cell swelling and rupture, and cell death by necrotic, necroptotic, apoptotic, and autophagic mechanisms. Although oxygen levels are restored upon reperfusion, a surge in the generation of reactive oxygen species occurs and proinflammatory neutrophils infiltrate ischemic tissues to exacerbate ischemic injury. The pathologic events induced by I/R orchestrate the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which appears to represent a common end-effector of the pathologic events initiated by I/R. The aim of this treatise is to provide a comprehensive review of the mechanisms underlying the development of I/R injury, from which it should be apparent that a combination of molecular and cellular approaches targeting multiple pathologic processes to limit the extent of I/R injury must be adopted to enhance resistance to cell death and increase regenerative capacity in order to effect long-lasting repair of ischemic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Kalogeris
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, USA
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Hung HF, Hou CW, Chen YL, Lin CC, Fu HW, Wang JS, Jeng KC. Elephantopus scaber inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury by suppression of signaling pathways in rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2011; 39:705-17. [PMID: 21721151 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x11009147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Elephantopus scaber (ES, Teng-Khia-U) has been traditionally used for the treatment of nephritis, pain, and fever; however, the direct evidence is lacking. We investigated the effect of ES on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation of BV-2 microglial cells and acute liver injury in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Our results showed that ES reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and prostaglandin (PGE(2)) production in BV-2 cells. ES significantly decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in LPS-treated rats. Furthermore, the water extract, but not the ethanol extract, of ES dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced JNK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and slightly inhibited cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in BV-2 cells but decreased p38 MAPK and COX-2 expressions in the liver of LPS-treated rats. Taken together, these results indicate that the protective mechanism of ES involves an antioxidant effect and inhibition of p38 MAP kinase and COX-2 expressions in LPS-stressed acute hepatic injury in SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Fang Hung
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsinghua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Apoptotic signaling in endothelial cells with neutrophil activation. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 363:269-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Li M, Liu J, Zhang C. Evolutionary history of the vertebrate mitogen activated protein kinases family. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26999. [PMID: 22046431 PMCID: PMC3202601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) family pathway is implicated in diverse cellular processes and pathways essential to most organisms. Its evolution is conserved throughout the eukaryotic kingdoms. However, the detailed evolutionary history of the vertebrate MAPK family is largely unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings The MAPK family members were collected from literatures or by searching the genomes of several vertebrates and invertebrates with the known MAPK sequences as queries. We found that vertebrates had significantly more MAPK family members than invertebrates, and the vertebrate MAPK family originated from 3 progenitors, suggesting that a burst of gene duplication events had occurred after the divergence of vertebrates from invertebrates. Conservation of evolutionary synteny was observed in the vertebrate MAPK subfamilies 4, 6, 7, and 11 to 14. Based on synteny and phylogenetic relationships, MAPK12 appeared to have arisen from a tandem duplication of MAPK11 and the MAPK13-MAPK14 gene unit was from a segmental duplication of the MAPK11-MAPK12 gene unit. Adaptive evolution analyses reveal that purifying selection drove the evolution of MAPK family, implying strong functional constraints of MAPK genes. Intriguingly, however, intron losses were specifically observed in the MAPK4 and MAPK7 genes, but not in their flanking genes, during the evolution from teleosts to amphibians and mammals. The specific occurrence of intron losses in the MAPK4 and MAPK7 subfamilies might be associated with adaptive evolution of the vertebrates by enhancing the gene expression level of both MAPK genes. Conclusions/Significance These results provide valuable insight into the evolutionary history of the vertebrate MAPK family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chiyu Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Yu HC, Qin HY, He F, Wang L, Fu W, Liu D, Guo FC, Liang L, Dou KF, Han H. Canonical notch pathway protects hepatocytes from ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by repressing reactive oxygen species production through JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Hepatology 2011; 54:979-88. [PMID: 21633967 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is initiated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated during the early reperfusion phase after ischemia, but cellular mechanisms controlling ROS production and scavenging have not been fully understood. In this study, we show that blocking Notch signal by knockout of the transcription factor RBP-J or a pharmacological inhibitor led to aggravated hepatic I/R injury, as manifested by deteriorated liver function and increased apoptosis, necrosis, and inflammation, both in vitro and in vivo. Interruption of Notch signaling resulted in increased intracellular ROS in hepatocytes, and a ROS scavenger cured exacerbated hepatic I/R injury after Notch signaling blockade, suggesting that Notch signal deficiency aggravated I/R injury through increased ROS levels. Notch signal blockade resulted in down-regulation of Hes5, leading to reduced formation of the Hes5-STAT3 complex and hypophosphorylation of STAT3, which further attenuated manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) expression and increased ROS and apoptosis. Indeed, overexpression of a constitutively active STAT3 rescued MnSOD expression and I/R injury-induced apoptosis in the absence of Notch signaling. Finally, forced Notch activation by ligand stimulation or Hes5 overexpression reduced intracellular ROS and protected hepatocytes from apoptosis after I/R injury through the activation of STAT3 and MnSOD expression. CONCLUSION Notch signal protects hepatocytes from I/R injury by Hes5-dependent activation of STAT3, which activates the expression of MnSOD, leading to the scavenging of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Chao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xi-Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Protective effects of SP600125 on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Surg Res 2011; 169:e77-84. [PMID: 21492872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) has a negative effect on renal allograft survival. Using a rat model of kidney IRI in this study, we investigated the overall effect of selective c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125 on renal IRI events. METHODS All 45 Fisher rats were anesthetized and renal IRI model was established by 45 min clamp of bilateral renal pedicles and 24 h reperfusion. Vehicle solution or SP600125 solution was intraperitoneally injected 45 min before ischemia, respectively. Analysis of renal histology, function, reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression, JNK phosphorylation status, as well as intra-renal pro-inflammatory cytokines expression was evaluated in this study. RESULTS After IRI, the levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, tissue malondialdehyde, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 were all elevated significantly, while superoxide dismutase, catalase activity were decreased. Histologic findings showed severe devastating lesions and increased rodent cell apoptosis; SP600125 effectively improved morphologic features, reversed above-mentioned parameters, and significantly attenuated c-Jun phosphorylation, as well as intra-renal pro-inflammatory cytokines expression compared with vehicle-treated group. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that inhibition of c-Jun with SP600125 is capable of attenuating renal IRI, which might be a novel therapy target.
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