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Nakamura A, Yoshimura T, Ichikawa T, Okuyama K. Prognostic significance of low hepatic fat content in advanced chronic liver disease: MRI-PDFF insights. Ann Hepatol 2024; 29:101507. [PMID: 38723748 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2024.101507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The mechanisms of hepatic fat loss in late-stage metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MASLD) are enigmatic and the prognostic significance of low hepatic fat content (LHF) in chronic liver disease (CLD) is unknown. Proton density fat fraction (PDFF), measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is considered the most accurate noninvasive method for quantifying hepatic fat content. This study aimed to address these issues by evaluating PDFF. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a single-center, retrospective study involving 762 patients with CLD, measuring liver stiffness (LS) using MR elastography and PDFF using MRI. LHF was defined as a PDFF ≤ 2.7 % and hepatic reserve function was assessed using the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score. Multivariate analysis explored associations between variables. RESULTS LHF was 27 % in the entire cohort, and PDFF was significantly decreased with LS ≥ 5.5 kPa (p < 0.05). On the multivariate analysis, low body mass index and ALBI score were independently associated with LHF (p < 0.05). In advanced CLD (n = 288), ALBI score and PDFF showed a significant negative correlation regardless of etiology (MASLD/non-MASLD: r= -0.613/-0.233), and the prevalence of LHF increased with progression of ALBI grade (p < 0.01 each). In addition, lower PDFF was associated with increased liver-related and all-cause mortality (p < 0.01), and Cox proportional hazards models extracted LHF as an independent prognostic factor, along with ALBI score and hepatocellular carcinoma (p < 0.05 each). CONCLUSIONS In ACLD, hepatic reserve dysfunction contributed to hepatic fat loss independent of nutritional status, suggesting that LHF may be a poor prognostic factor in all etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nakamura
- Gastroenterological Liver Disease Center, Nippon Koukan Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Tsubasa Yoshimura
- Gastroenterological Liver Disease Center, Nippon Koukan Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ichikawa
- Gastroenterological Liver Disease Center, Nippon Koukan Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keiji Okuyama
- Gastroenterological Liver Disease Center, Nippon Koukan Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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2
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Giallongo S, Ferrigno J, Caltabiano R, Broggi G, Alanazi AM, Distefano A, Tropea E, Tramutola A, Perluigi M, Volti GL, Barone E, Barbagallo IA. Aging exacerbates oxidative stress and liver fibrosis in an animal model of Down Syndrome. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10203-10215. [PMID: 38942607 PMCID: PMC11236314 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS) is a common genetic disorder characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to dysregulation of various metabolic pathways. Oxidative stress in DS is associated with neurodevelopmental defects, neuronal dysfunction, and a dementia onset resembling Alzheimer's disease. Additionally, chronic oxidative stress contributes to cardiovascular diseases and certain cancers prevalent in DS individuals. This study investigates the impact of ageing on oxidative stress and liver fibrosis using a DS murine model (Ts2Cje mice). Our results show that DS mice show increased liver oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defenses, as evidenced by reduced glutathione levels and increased lipid peroxidation. Therefore, DS liver exhibits an altered inflammatory response and mitochondrial fitness as we showed by assaying the expression of HMOX1, CLPP, and the heat shock proteins Hsp90 and Hsp60. DS liver also displays dysregulated lipid metabolism, indicated by altered expression of PPARα, PPARγ, FATP5, and CTP2. Consistently, these changes might contribute to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development, a condition characterized by liver fat accumulation. Consistently, histological analysis of DS liver reveals increased fibrosis and steatosis, as showed by Col1a1 increased expression, indicative of potential progression to liver cirrhosis. Therefore, our findings suggest an increased risk of liver pathologies in DS individuals, particularly when combined with the higher prevalence of obesity and metabolic dysfunctions in DS patients. These results shed a light on the liver's role in DS-associated pathologies and suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress and lipid metabolism to prevent or mitigate liver-related complications in DS individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Giallongo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Jessica Ferrigno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Rosario Caltabiano
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Broggi
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Amer M Alanazi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alfio Distefano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Emanuela Tropea
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Antonella Tramutola
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, RM 00185, Italy
| | - Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi-Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, RM 00185, Italy
| | - Giovanni Li Volti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
| | - Eugenio Barone
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Section of Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, Catania 95124, Italy
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Fu Y, Wang Z, Qin H. Examining the Pathogenesis of MAFLD and the Medicinal Properties of Natural Products from a Metabolic Perspective. Metabolites 2024; 14:218. [PMID: 38668346 PMCID: PMC11052500 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), characterized primarily by hepatic steatosis, has become the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, affecting approximately two-fifths of the global population. The pathogenesis of MAFLD is extremely complex, and to date, there are no approved therapeutic drugs for clinical use. Considerable evidence indicates that various metabolic disorders play a pivotal role in the progression of MAFLD, including lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and micronutrients. In recent years, the medicinal properties of natural products have attracted widespread attention, and numerous studies have reported their efficacy in ameliorating metabolic disorders and subsequently alleviating MAFLD. This review aims to summarize the metabolic-associated pathological mechanisms of MAFLD, as well as the natural products that regulate metabolic pathways to alleviate MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410006, China; (Y.F.); (Z.W.)
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Mahmoudi SK, Tarzemani S, Aghajanzadeh T, Kasravi M, Hatami B, Zali MR, Baghaei K. Exploring the role of genetic variations in NAFLD: implications for disease pathogenesis and precision medicine approaches. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:190. [PMID: 38504356 PMCID: PMC10953212 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01708-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the leading causes of chronic liver diseases, affecting more than one-quarter of people worldwide. Hepatic steatosis can progress to more severe forms of NAFLD, including NASH and cirrhosis. It also may develop secondary diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Genetic and environmental factors regulate NAFLD incidence and progression, making it a complex disease. The contribution of various environmental risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diet, and sedentary lifestyle, to the exacerbation of liver injury is highly understood. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of genetic variations in the NAFLD occurrence or its deterioration still need to be clarified. Hence, understanding the genetic susceptibility to NAFLD is essential for controlling the course of the disease. The current review discusses genetics' role in the pathological pathways of NAFLD, including lipid and glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, cellular stresses, and immune responses. Additionally, it explains the role of the genetic components in the induction and progression of NAFLD in lean individuals. Finally, it highlights the utility of genetic knowledge in precision medicine for the early diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Kosar Mahmoudi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985714711, Iran
| | - Shadi Tarzemani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985714711, Iran
| | - Taha Aghajanzadeh
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985714711, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Kasravi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985714711, Iran
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985714711, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985714711, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985714711, Iran.
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985714711, Iran.
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5
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Wu K, Liu Y, Xia J, Liu J, Wang K, Liang H, Xu F, Liu D, Nie D, Tang X, Huang A, Chen C, Tang N. Loss of SLC27A5 Activates Hepatic Stellate Cells and Promotes Liver Fibrosis via Unconjugated Cholic Acid. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2304408. [PMID: 37957540 PMCID: PMC10787101 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the dysregulation of bile acid (BA) composition has been associated with fibrosis progression, its precise roles in liver fibrosis is poorly understood. This study demonstrates that solute carrier family 27 member 5 (SLC27A5), an enzyme involved in BAs metabolism, is substantially downregulated in the liver tissues of patients with cirrhosis and fibrosis mouse models. The downregulation of SLC27A5 depends on RUNX family transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), which serves as a transcriptional repressor. The findings reveal that experimental SLC27A5 knockout (Slc27a5-/- ) mice display spontaneous liver fibrosis after 24 months. The loss of SLC27A5 aggravates liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCI4 ) and thioacetamide (TAA). Mechanistically, SLC27A5 deficiency results in the accumulation of unconjugated BA, particularly cholic acid (CA), in the liver. This accumulation leads to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) by upregulated expression of early growth response protein 3 (EGR3). The re-expression of hepatic SLC27A5 by an adeno-associated virus or the reduction of CA levels in the liver using A4250, an apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) inhibitor, ameliorates liver fibrosis in Slc27a5-/- mice. In conclusion, SLC27A5 deficiency in mice drives hepatic fibrosis through CA-induced activation of HSCs, highlighting its significant implications for liver fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Institute for Viral HepatitisDepartment of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Institute for Viral HepatitisDepartment of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Institute for Viral HepatitisDepartment of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - Jiale Liu
- Institute of Life SciencesChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Institute for Viral HepatitisDepartment of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - Huijun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Institute for Viral HepatitisDepartment of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - Fengli Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Institute for Viral HepatitisDepartment of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - Dina Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Institute for Viral HepatitisDepartment of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - Dan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Institute for Viral HepatitisDepartment of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - Xin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Institute for Viral HepatitisDepartment of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Institute for Viral HepatitisDepartment of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life SciencesChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400016China
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education)Institute for Viral HepatitisDepartment of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing400010China
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6
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Onorato AM, Lameroli Mauriz L, Bayo J, Fiore E, Cantero MJ, Bueloni B, García M, Lagües C, Martínez-Duartez P, Menaldi G, Paleari N, Atorrasagasti C, Mazzolini GD. Hepatic SPARC Expression Is Associated with Inflammasome Activation during the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Both Mice and Morbidly Obese Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14843. [PMID: 37834291 PMCID: PMC10573696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ranges from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, and it is not yet clearly understood which patients will progress to liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine) has been involved in NAFLD pathogenesis in mice and humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of SPARC in inflammasome activation, and to evaluate the relationship between the hepatic expression of inflammasome genes and the biochemical and histological characteristics of NAFLD in obese patients. In vitro studies were conducted in a macrophage cell line and primary hepatocyte cultures to assess the effect of SPARC on inflammasome. A NAFLD model was established in SPARC knockout (SPARC-/-) and SPARC+/+ mice to explore inflammasome activation. A hepatic RNAseq database from NAFLD patients was analyzed to identify genes associated with SPARC expression. The results were validated in a prospective cohort of 59 morbidly obese patients with NAFLD undergoing bariatric surgery. Our results reveal that SPARC alone or in combination with saturated fatty acids promoted IL-1β expression in cell cultures. SPARC-/- mice had reduced hepatic inflammasome activation during the progression of NAFLD. NAFLD patients showed increased expression of SPARC, NLRP3, CASP1, and IL-1β. Gene ontology analysis revealed that genes positively correlated with SPARC are linked to inflammasome-related pathways during the progression of the disease, enabling the differentiation of patients between steatosis and steatohepatitis. In conclusion, SPARC may play a role in hepatic inflammasome activation in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostina M. Onorato
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina; (A.M.O.); (L.L.M.); (J.B.); (E.F.); (M.J.C.); (B.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Lucía Lameroli Mauriz
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina; (A.M.O.); (L.L.M.); (J.B.); (E.F.); (M.J.C.); (B.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Juan Bayo
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina; (A.M.O.); (L.L.M.); (J.B.); (E.F.); (M.J.C.); (B.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Esteban Fiore
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina; (A.M.O.); (L.L.M.); (J.B.); (E.F.); (M.J.C.); (B.B.); (M.G.)
| | - María José Cantero
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina; (A.M.O.); (L.L.M.); (J.B.); (E.F.); (M.J.C.); (B.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Barbara Bueloni
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina; (A.M.O.); (L.L.M.); (J.B.); (E.F.); (M.J.C.); (B.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Mariana García
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina; (A.M.O.); (L.L.M.); (J.B.); (E.F.); (M.J.C.); (B.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Cecilia Lagües
- Pathological Anatomy Department, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - Pedro Martínez-Duartez
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Menaldi
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Paleari
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - Catalina Atorrasagasti
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina; (A.M.O.); (L.L.M.); (J.B.); (E.F.); (M.J.C.); (B.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Guillermo D. Mazzolini
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, CONICET-Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina; (A.M.O.); (L.L.M.); (J.B.); (E.F.); (M.J.C.); (B.B.); (M.G.)
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Austral, Universidad Austral, Av. Pte. Perón 1500, Pilar B1629AHJ, Argentina
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7
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Vitulo M, Gnodi E, Rosini G, Meneveri R, Giovannoni R, Barisani D. Current Therapeutical Approaches Targeting Lipid Metabolism in NAFLD. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12748. [PMID: 37628929 PMCID: PMC10454602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, including nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)) is a high-prevalence disorder, affecting about 1 billion people, which can evolve to more severe conditions like cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. NAFLD is often concomitant with conditions of the metabolic syndrome, such as central obesity and insulin-resistance, but a specific drug able to revert NAFL and prevent its evolution towards NASH is still lacking. With the liver being a key organ in metabolic processes, the potential therapeutic strategies are many, and range from directly targeting the lipid metabolism to the prevention of tissue inflammation. However, side effects have been reported for the drugs tested up to now. In this review, different approaches to the treatment of NAFLD are presented, including newer therapies and ongoing clinical trials. Particular focus is placed on the reverse cholesterol transport system and on the agonists for nuclear factors like PPAR and FXR, but also drugs initially developed for other conditions such as incretins and thyromimetics along with validated natural compounds that have anti-inflammatory potential. This work provides an overview of the different therapeutic strategies currently being tested for NAFLD, other than, or along with, the recommendation of weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Vitulo
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.V.); (E.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Elisa Gnodi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.V.); (E.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Giulia Rosini
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56021 Pisa, Italy; (G.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Raffaella Meneveri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.V.); (E.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Roberto Giovannoni
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56021 Pisa, Italy; (G.R.); (R.G.)
| | - Donatella Barisani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (M.V.); (E.G.); (R.M.)
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8
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Dewidar B, Mastrototaro L, Englisch C, Ress C, Granata C, Rohbeck E, Pesta D, Heilmann G, Wolkersdorfer M, Esposito I, Reina Do Fundo M, Zivehe F, Yavas A, Roden M. Alterations of hepatic energy metabolism in murine models of obesity, diabetes and fatty liver diseases. EBioMedicine 2023; 94:104714. [PMID: 37454552 PMCID: PMC10384226 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed hepatic energy metabolism contributes to non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), but the development of changes over time and obesity- or diabetes-related mechanisms remained unclear. METHODS Two-day old male C57BL/6j mice received streptozotocin (STZ) or placebo (PLC) and then high-fat (HFD) or regular chow diet (RCD) from week 4 (W4) to either W8 or W16, yielding control [CTRL = PLC + RCD], diabetes [DIAB = STZ + RCD], obesity [OBES = PLC + HFD] and diabetes-related non-alcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH = STZ + HFD] models. Mitochondrial respiration was measured by high-resolution respirometry and insulin-sensitive glucose metabolism by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps with stable isotope dilution. FINDINGS NASH showed higher steatosis and NAFLD activity already at W8 and liver fibrosis at W16 (all p < 0.01 vs CTRL). Ballooning was increased in DIAB and NASH at W16 (p < 0.01 vs CTRL). At W16, insulin sensitivity was 47%, 58% and 75% lower in DIAB, NASH and OBES (p < 0.001 vs CTRL). Hepatic uncoupled fatty acid oxidation (FAO)-associated respiration was reduced in OBES at W8, but doubled in DIAB and NASH at W16 (p < 0.01 vs CTRL) and correlated with biomarkers of unfolded protein response (UPR), oxidative stress and hepatic expression of certain enzymes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2, Acc2; carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, Cpt1a). Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)-driven respiration was lower in OBES at W8 and doubled in DIAB at W16 (p < 0.0001 vs CTRL), which positively correlated with expression of genes related to lipolysis. INTERPRETATION Hepatic mitochondria adapt to various metabolic challenges with increasing FAO-driven respiration, which is linked to dysfunctional UPR, systemic oxidative stress, insulin resistance and altered lipid metabolism. In a diabetes model, higher TCA-linked respiration reflected mitochondrial adaptation to greater hepatic lipid turnover. FUNDING Funding bodies that contributed to this study were listed in the acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedair Dewidar
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lucia Mastrototaro
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Englisch
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Ress
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Insulin Resistance, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cesare Granata
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Rohbeck
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Pesta
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Geronimo Heilmann
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Wolkersdorfer
- Landesapotheke Salzburg, Department of Production, Hospital Pharmacy, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michelle Reina Do Fundo
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fariba Zivehe
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Aslihan Yavas
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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9
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Sinha RA. Autophagy: A Cellular Guardian against Hepatic Lipotoxicity. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:553. [PMID: 36874473 PMCID: PMC7614268 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is a phenomenon of lipid-induced cellular injury in nonadipose tissue. Excess of free saturated fatty acids (SFAs) contributes to hepatic injury in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has been growing at an unprecedented rate in recent years. SFAs and their derivatives such as ceramides and membrane phospholipids have been shown to induce intrahepatic oxidative damage and ER stress. Autophagy represents a cellular housekeeping mechanism to counter the perturbation in organelle function and activation of stress signals within the cell. Several aspects of autophagy, including lipid droplet assembly, lipophagy, mitophagy, redox signaling and ER-phagy, play a critical role in mounting a strong defense against lipotoxic lipid species within the hepatic cells. This review provides a succinct overview of our current understanding of autophagy-lipotoxicity interaction and its pharmacological and nonpharmacological modulation in treating NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Anthony Sinha
- Department of Endocrinology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
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10
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Nakamura A, Yoshimura T, Asakura H. Clinical significance of hepatic fat loss in chronic liver disease: a study using MRI proton density fat fractionation. Eur J Clin Nutr 2023; 77:264-269. [PMID: 36127391 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The liver plays a central role in the fatty acid metabolism. Therefore, cirrhosis is prone to energy malnutrition and is associated with a poor prognosis. On the other hand, proton density fat fraction (PDFF) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive and highly accurate method to quantify liver fat. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between hepatic fat loss (HFL) and malnutrition by PDFF measurement in chronic liver disease (CLD). METHODS In this retrospective single-center study of 485 patients with CLD, hepatic fat content was measured by MRI-PDFF, and CT-measured body composition and CONUT (Controlling Nutritional Status) score were used as nutritional assessment methods, respectively. RESULTS In the overall cohort, MRI-PDFF was positively correlated with body fat mass, muscle mass and respectively. The HFL defined by PDFF ≤ 2.7% is 25%, and in multivariate analysis, decreased body fat mass and Triglyceride, and increased CONUT score were independent associated factors of HFL (p < 0.05, for all). Additionally, 35% of patients with cirrhosis (n = 107) had HFL, and the Cox proportional hazards model showed that Child-Pugh score and HFL were independent prognostic factors (p < 0.01, for both). CONCLUSIONS MRI-PDFF was shown to be a useful indicator of malnutrition in cirrhosis reflecting body composition. Preservation of liver fat content in nutritional therapy may improve the prognosis of cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nakamura
- Gastroenterological Liver Disease Center, Nippon Koukan Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
| | - Tsubasa Yoshimura
- Gastroenterological Liver Disease Center, Nippon Koukan Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Asakura
- Gastroenterological Liver Disease Center, Nippon Koukan Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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11
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Xu FL, Wu XH, Chen C, Wang K, Huang LY, Xia J, Liu Y, Shan XF, Tang N. SLC27A5 promotes sorafenib-induced ferroptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by downregulating glutathione reductase. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:22. [PMID: 36635256 PMCID: PMC9837139 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05558-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib, a first-line drug for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), shows a favorable anti-tumor effect while resistance is a barrier impeding patients from benefiting from it. Thus, more efforts are needed to lift this restriction. Herein, we first find that solute carrier family 27 member 5 (SLC27A5/FATP5), an enzyme involved in the metabolism of fatty acid and bile acid, is downregulated in sorafenib-resistant HCC. SLC27A5 deficiency facilitates the resistance towards sorafenib in HCC cells, which is mediated by suppressing ferroptosis. Further mechanism studies reveal that the loss of SLC27A5 enhances the glutathione reductase (GSR) expression in a nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-dependent manner, which maintains glutathione (GSH) homeostasis and renders insensitive to sorafenib-induced ferroptosis. Notably, SLC27A5 negatively correlates with GSR, and genetic or pharmacological inhibition of GSR strengthens the efficacy of sorafenib through GSH depletion and the accumulation of lipid peroxide products in SLC27A5-knockout and sorafenib-resistant HCC cells. Based on our results, the combination of sorafenib and carmustine (BCNU), a selective inhibitor of GSR, remarkably hamper tumor growth by enhancing ferroptotic cell death in vivo. In conclusion, we describe that SLC27A5 serves as a suppressor in sorafenib resistance and promotes sorafenib-triggered ferroptosis via restraining the NRF2/GSR pathway in HCC, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for overcoming sorafenib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu-Yi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue-Feng Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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12
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Yang F, Ni B, Lian Q, Qiu X, He Y, Zhang Q, Zou X, He F, Chen W. Key genes associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma with metabolic risk factors. Front Genet 2023; 14:1066410. [PMID: 36950134 PMCID: PMC10025510 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1066410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become the world's primary cause of cancer death. Obesity, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia are all illnesses that are part of the metabolic syndrome. In recent years, this risk factor has become increasingly recognized as a contributing factor to HCC. Around the world, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is on the rise, especially in western countries. In the past, the exact pathogenesis of NAFLD that progressed to metabolic risk factors (MFRs)-associated HCC has not been fully understood. Methods: Two groups of the GEO dataset (including normal/NAFLD and HCC with MFRs) were used to analyze differential expression. Differentially expressed genes of HCC were verified by overlapping in TCGA. In addition, functional enrichment analysis, modular analysis, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, LASSO analysis, and Genes with key survival characteristics were analyzed. Results: We identified six hub genes (FABP5, SCD, CCL20, AGPAT9(GPAT3), PLIN1, and IL1RN) that may be closely related to NAFLD and HCC with MFRs. We constructed survival and prognosis gene markers based on FABP5, CCL20, AGPAT9(GPAT3), PLIN1, and IL1RN.This gene signature has shown good diagnostic accuracy in both NAFLD and HCC and in predicting HCC overall survival rates. Conclusion: As a result of the findings of this study, there is some guiding significance for the diagnosis and treatment of liver disease associated with NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Kashi, The Kashi Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Kashi, China
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Beibei Ni
- Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qinghai Lian
- Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiusheng Qiu
- Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yizhan He
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Kashi, The Kashi Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Kashi, China
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoguang Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People’s Hospital of Kashi, The Kashi Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Kashi, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoguang Zou, ; Fangping He, ; Wenjie Chen,
| | - Fangping He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoguang Zou, ; Fangping He, ; Wenjie Chen,
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoguang Zou, ; Fangping He, ; Wenjie Chen,
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Salvia plebeia R. Br. Water Extract Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis in a Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Model by Regulating the AMPK Pathway. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245379. [PMID: 36558538 PMCID: PMC9780835 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia plebeia R. Br. (SP), grown from autumn to spring, is used as a medicinal herb from roots to leaves. This herb exhibits antioxidant activities and various physiological effect, including anti-asthma, immune-promoting, anti-obesity, and anti-cholesterol effects. However, the effectiveness of SP against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the associated mechanism have not been elucidated. In this study, alleviation of NAFLD by SP was confirmed in a mouse model of hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet and in HepG2 cells administered free fatty acids (FFA). In the experimental model, intrahepatic lipid accumulation was investigated using the AdipoRedTM assay, Oil Red O staining, biomarker analysis, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Furthermore, glucose tolerance was examined based on the fasting glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance. The molecular mechanisms related to hepatic steatosis were determined based on marker mRNA levels. Blood FFAs were found to flow into the liver via the action of fatty acid translocase, cluster of differentiation 36, and fatty acid transporter proteins 2 and 5. Salvia plebeia R. Br. water extract (SPW) suppressed the FFAs inflow by regulating the expression of the above-mentioned proteins. Notably, modulating the expression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and liver X receptor, which are involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, stimulated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α in the nucleus to induce the expression genes involved in β-oxidation and increase β-oxidation in the mitochondria. AMPK modulation also increased the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, which activated lipid synthesis enzymes. As a consequence of these events, triglyceride synthesis was reduced and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes was alleviated. Overall, our findings suggested that SPW could ameliorate NAFLD by inhibiting hepatic steatosis through AMPK modulation.
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14
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Pan Z, Mao B, Zhang Q, Tang X, Yang B, Zhao J, Cui S, Zhang H. Postbiotics Prepared Using Lactobacillus paracasei CCFM1224 Prevent Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Liver Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113522. [PMID: 36362307 PMCID: PMC9653709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Postbiotics are rich in a variety of bioactive components, which may have beneficial effects in inhibiting hepatic lipid accumulation. In this study, we investigated the preventive effects of postbiotics (POST) prepared from Lactobacillus paracasei on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our results showed that when mice ingested a high-fat diet (HFD) and POST simultaneously, weight gain was slowed, epididymal white fat hypertrophy and insulin resistance were suppressed, serum biochemical indicators related to blood lipid metabolism were improved, and hepatic steatosis and liver inflammation decreased. Bacterial sequencing showed that POST modulated the gut microbiota in HFD mice, increasing the relative abundance of Akkermansia and reducing the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Ruminiclostridium and Bilophila. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between lipid metabolism parameters and gut microbes. Functional prediction results showed that the regulation of gut microbiota was associated with the improvement of metabolic status. The metabolomic analysis of the liver revealed that POST-regulated liver metabolic pathways, such as glycerophospholipid and ether lipid metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, some parts of amino acid metabolism, and other metabolic pathways. In addition, POST regulated the gene expression in hepatocytes at the mRNA level, thereby regulating lipid metabolism. These findings suggest that POST plays a protective role against NAFLD and may exert its efficacy by modulating the gut microbiota and liver metabolism, and these findings may be applied to related functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiuxiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0510-85912155
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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15
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NAFLD: Mechanisms, Treatments, and Biomarkers. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060824. [PMID: 35740949 PMCID: PMC9221336 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is one of the most common causes of liver diseases worldwide. NAFLD is growing in parallel with the obesity epidemic. No pharmacological treatment is available to treat NAFLD, specifically. The reason might be that NAFLD is a multi-factorial disease with an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms involved, an absence of accurate and inexpensive imaging tools, and lack of adequate non-invasive biomarkers. NAFLD consists of the accumulation of excess lipids in the liver, causing lipotoxicity that might progress to metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The mechanisms for the pathogenesis of NAFLD, current interventions in the management of the disease, and the role of sirtuins as potential targets for treatment are discussed here. In addition, the current diagnostic tools, and the role of non-coding RNAs as emerging diagnostic biomarkers are summarized. The availability of non-invasive biomarkers, and accurate and inexpensive non-invasive diagnosis tools are crucial in the detection of the early signs in the progression of NAFLD. This will expedite clinical trials and the validation of the emerging therapeutic treatments.
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16
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Lin C, Yu B, Liu X, Chen L, Zhang Z, Ye W, Zhong H, Bai W, Yang Y, Nie B. Obeticholic acid inhibits hepatic fatty acid uptake independent of FXR in mouse. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112984. [PMID: 35447541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obeticholic acid (OCA), a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist, is believed to alleviate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by decreasing hepatic lipogenesis in an FXR-dependent manner. Here, we revealed a novel mechanism by which OCA improves NAFLD by affecting hepatic long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) uptake. METHODS Stably transfected HEK-293 cells expressing fatty acid transport protein 5 (FATP5) were established to examine fatty acid uptake; FXR-/-, human (h) FATP5, and FXR-/-/hFATP5 mouse models were incorporated to explore the effects of OCA on FATP5 ex vivo and in vivo. RESULTS OCA inhibited hFATP5 (IC50 =0.07 μM) more than murine (m) FATP5 (IC50 =1.04 μM) as measured by LCFAs uptake in FATP5 expressing HEK-293. OCA also inhibited LCFA uptake in primary hepatocytes from hFATP5 mice, FXR-/-/hFATP5 mice more than that from FXR-/- mice, ex vivo. Moreover, OCA inhibited LCFAs uptake by livers in hFATP5 mice and FXR-/-/hFATP5 mice, but not in FXR-/- mice, in vivo. Long-term administration of 0.04% OCA markedly reduced hepatic triglyceride (TG) accumulation in hFATP5 mice and FXR-/-/hFATP5 mice by 63% and 53%, respectively, but not in FXR-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS OCA ameliorated high-fat diet-induced NAFLD independent of FXR by inhibiting hepatic hFATP5-mediated LCFAs uptake. This suggests that the therapeutic effects of OCA on NAFLD in vivo are mediated by a novel, hFATP5 dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangzhen Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Bingqing Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xuelian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Weixiang Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy of Dongpu Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510660, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Wenke Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Yuping Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Biao Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
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Nakamura A, Yoshimura T, Sato T, Ichikawa T. Diagnosis and Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease Using Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Cureus 2022; 14:e24676. [PMID: 35542962 PMCID: PMC9082973 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is rarely used to evaluate sarcopenia. This study sought to develop new diagnostic criteria for MRI in Asians and investigate the relationship between adipopenia and sarcopenia using MRI proton density fat fraction (PDFF), which is correlated with body fat mass. Methodology This study included 512 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) who underwent magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). The following parameters were assessed: paraspinal muscle area/height index (PSMI) measured at the level of the superior mesenteric artery and PDFF. The cutoff PSMI and PDFF values for the diagnosis of sarcopenia and adipopenia, respectively, were determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis of Asians with low body mass index. Results Among patients with CLD, the prevalence rates of sarcopenia and adipopenia were 25% and 17%, respectively. We found that sarcopenia increased from stage 3 fibrosis and was inversely correlated with steatosis grade. Multivariate analysis found that MRI-PDFF was associated with sarcopenia. The Kaplan-Meier method in cirrhosis (n = 122) showed that the non-sarcopenia, sarcopenia, and sarcopenia/adipopenia groups had three-year survival rates of 97%, 55% (p < 0.01), and 23%, respectively. The Cox proportional hazards model identified the Child-Pugh score and sarcopenia/adipopenia as independent prognostic factors. Conclusions The new diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia confirmed that the prognosis of cirrhosis can be stratified. Furthermore, sarcopenia with adipopenia was shown to be a phenotype of severe sarcopenia in cirrhosis, and screening for sarcopenia should include cases in the precirrhotic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomomi Sato
- Gastroenterology, Nippon Koukan Hospital, Kawasaki, JPN
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18
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Geng QS, Yang MJ, Li LF, Shen ZB, Wang LH, Zheng YY, Xue WH, Zhao J. Over-Expression and Prognostic Significance of FATP5, as a New Biomarker, in Colorectal Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:770624. [PMID: 35155561 PMCID: PMC8829069 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.770624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fatty acid transporters (FATPs) family play an important role in the uptake and metabolism regulation of long-chain fatty acids, which influence the occurrence and developing of multiple tumors. Fatty acid transporter 5(FATP5), a member of FATPs family, participates in fatty acid transport and lipid metabolism and is related to tumor development, whose mechanism in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear.Methods: In this study, we comprehensively utilized a range of relevant bioinformatic tools along with multiple databases to analyze the expression of FATPs family and investigate the biological function and prognostic value of FATP5 in CRC. Besides, cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution analysis, western blotting and immunohistochemistry (IHC) further validated the conclusion of bioinformatics analysis.Results: FATP5 is the only member of FATPs family which was overexpressed in CRC. In the survival analysis based on the GSE39582 databases, the low expression of FATP5 predicts poor prognosis in CRC. Similar results were also observed in GSE17536, GSE28814 and TCGA colon cohorts. The potential function of DNA methylation regulated the abnormal expression of FATP5 in CRC. In addition, enrichment analysis indicated that FATP5 also participates in the regulation of cell cycle. Furthermore, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed a strong negative correlation between FATP5 and cell growth, implying that it may participate in regulating cancer cell proliferation by the regulation of cell cycle G2/M transition. At last, we identified that FATP5 was overexpressed in colorectal carcinoma tissues through immunohistochemistry staining, and played an important role in cell cycle by cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution analysis.Conclusion: This study suggested that FATP5 was overexpression in colorectal carcinoma and predicted favorable prognosis, indicating it as a novel appealing prognostic marker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Shun Geng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mei-Jia Yang
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Feng Li
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Shen
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long-Hao Wang
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zheng
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hua Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Zhao,
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Decreased SLC27A5 Suppresses Lipid Synthesis and Tyrosine Metabolism to Activate the Cell Cycle in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020234. [PMID: 35203444 PMCID: PMC8869743 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine is an essential ketogenic and glycogenic amino acid for the human body, which means that tyrosine is not only involved in protein metabolism, but also participates in the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates. The liver is an important place for metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. The metabolic process of biological macro-molecules is a basis for maintaining the physiological activities of organisms, but the cross-linking mechanism of these processes is still unclear. Here, we found that the tyrosine-metabolizing enzymes, which were specifically and highly expressed in the liver, were significantly down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and had a correlation with a poor prognosis of HCC patients. Further analysis found that the reduction of tyrosine metabolism would activate the cell cycle and promote cell proliferation. In addition, we also found that the solute carrier family 27 member 5 (SLC27A5) regulates the expression of tyrosine-metabolizing enzymes through nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2). Therefore, the SLC27A5 and tyrosine-metabolizing enzymes that we have identified coordinate lipid and tyrosine metabolism, regulate the cell cycle, and are potential targets for cancer treatment.
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20
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Godoy-Lugo JA, Thorwald MA, Hui DY, Nishiyama A, Nakano D, Soñanez-Organis JG, Ortiz RM. Chronic angiotensin receptor activation promotes hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation during an acute glucose challenge in obese-insulin-resistant OLETF rats. Endocrine 2022; 75:92-107. [PMID: 34327606 PMCID: PMC8763929 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) can ameliorate metabolic syndrome (MetS)-associated dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis, and glucose intolerance, suggesting that angiotensin receptor (AT1) over-activation contributes to impaired lipid and glucose metabolism, which is characteristic of MetS. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the lipid profile and proteins of fatty acid uptake, triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis, and β-oxidation to better understand the links between AT1 overactivation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) during MetS. METHODS Four groups of 25-week-old-rats were used: (1) untreated LETO, (2) untreated OLETF, (3) OLETF + angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB; 10 mg olmesartan/kg/d × 8 weeks) and (4) OLETF ± ARB (MINUS; 10 mg olmesartan/kg/d × 4 weeks, then removed until dissection). To investigate the dynamic shifts in metabolism, animals were dissected after an oral glucose challenge (fasting, 3 and 6 h post-glucose). RESULTS Compared to OLETF, plasma total cholesterol and TAG remained unchanged in ARB. However, liver TAG was 55% lesser in ARB than OLETF, and remained lower throughout the challenge. Basal CD36 and ApoB were 28% and 29% lesser, respectively, in ARB than OLETF. PRDX6 abundance in ARB was 45% lesser than OLETF, and it negatively correlated with liver TAG in ARB. CONCLUSIONS Chronic blockade of AT1 protects the liver from TAG accumulation during glucose overload. This may be achieved by modulating NEFA uptake and increasing TAG export via ApoB. Our study highlights the contributions of AT1 signaling to impaired hepatic substrate metabolism and the detriments of a high-glucose load and its potential contribution to steatosis during MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Godoy-Lugo
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.
| | - Max A Thorwald
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Y Hui
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakano
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Jose G Soñanez-Organis
- Universidad de Sonora, Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Navojoa, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Rudy M Ortiz
- School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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21
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Nakamura A, Yoshimura T, Ichikawa T. A Case of Hepatitis C-Related Decompensated Cirrhosis Observed by MRI Imaging Data During Treatment With Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents. Cureus 2021; 13:e19001. [PMID: 34722009 PMCID: PMC8544910 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir therapy can safely treat hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related decompensated cirrhosis and has been shown to improve liver function at an early stage. However, the pathophysiology of the liver during treatment remains unclear. In this case report, we analyzed hepatic morphology on magnetic resonance imaging during the treatment period and confirmed that liver function and malnutrition were greatly improved with the elimination of HCV, and that rapid hemodynamic changes were occurring in the liver.
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22
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Monirujjaman M, Pant A, Nelson R, Bathe O, Jacobs R, Mazurak VC. Alterations in hepatic fatty acids reveal depletion of total polyunsaturated fatty acids following irinotecan plus 5-fluorouracil treatment in an animal model of colorectal cancer. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 174:102359. [PMID: 34740033 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver is a side effect of chemotherapy that limits the ability to treat colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in the most effective way. The aim of this study was to determine hepatic fatty acid composition and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism at two time points following sequential chemotherapy treatment with Irinotecan (CPT-11)+5-fluorouracil (5-FU), agents commonly used to treat human colorectal cancer. Female Fischer 344 rats were provided a semi-purified AIN-76 basal diet with modified fat component. One cycle of chemotherapy consisted of CPT-11+5-FU and was initiated 2 weeks after tumor implantation (D0); a second cycle was given one week later. Two days after each cycle (Day 2 and Day 9), animals were euthanized, and livers collected. Triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipid (PL) fractions were isolated using thin layer chromatography and fatty acids (FAs) were quantified using gas chromatography. Expression of 44 lipid metabolism genes were analyzed by qPCR. Total liver TAG level was lowest after the second cycle D0 and D2 (P = 0.05) characterized by lower content of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). N-6 PUFAs significantly declined with subsequent treatments. Of 44 genes analyzed, 13 genes were altered with CPT-11+5-FU treatment. Expression of genes VLCAD and DGAT1, involved in fatty acid oxidation as well as DGAT1 in TAG synthesis, were significantly elevated after each cycle, whereas expression of genes ELOVL2 and FADS2, involved in fatty acid elongation and desaturation were significantly lower at D9 compared to D2 and D0 (P < 0.03). Hepatic total TAG PUFA was depleted, and genes involved in pathways of PUFA synthesis were down-regulated by chemotherapy treatment. This observation suggests impediments in lipid metabolism in the liver that could potentially impact peripheral availability of essential fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirujjaman
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, 4-126 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Asha Pant
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, 4-126 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Randy Nelson
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, 4-126 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Oliver Bathe
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Rene Jacobs
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, 4-126 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Vera C Mazurak
- Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional Science, 4-126 Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2P5, Canada; Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Canada.
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Yang H, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Boqué N, del Bas JM, Arola L, Yuan M, Türkez H, Uhlén M, Borén J, Zhang C, Mardinoglu A, Caimari A. Combined Metabolic Activators Decrease Liver Steatosis by Activating Mitochondrial Metabolism in Hamsters Fed with a High-Fat Diet. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1440. [PMID: 34680557 PMCID: PMC8533474 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to increase, there is no effective treatment approved for this condition. We previously showed, in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice, that the supplementation of combined metabolic activators (CMA), including nicotinamide riboside (NAD+ precursor) and the potent glutathione precursors serine and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), significantly decreased fatty liver by promoting fat oxidation in mitochondria. Afterwards, in a one-day proof-of-concept human supplementation study, we observed that this CMA, including also L-carnitine tartrate (LCT), resulted in increased fatty acid oxidation and de novo glutathione synthesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with supplementation of CMA have not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrated in hamsters that the chronic supplementation of this CMA (changing serine for betaine) at two doses significantly decreased hepatic steatosis. We further generated liver transcriptomics data and integrated these data using a liver-specific genome-scale metabolic model of liver tissue. We systemically determined the molecular changes after the supplementation of CMA and found that it activates mitochondria in the liver tissue by modulating global lipid, amino acid, antioxidant and folate metabolism. Our findings provide extra evidence about the beneficial effects of a treatment based on this CMA against NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.Y.); (M.Y.); (M.U.); (C.Z.)
| | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta, 17190 Girona, Spain;
- Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noemí Boqué
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain; (N.B.); (J.M.d.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Josep M. del Bas
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain; (N.B.); (J.M.d.B.); (L.A.)
| | - Lluís Arola
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain; (N.B.); (J.M.d.B.); (L.A.)
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Campus Sescelades, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Meng Yuan
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.Y.); (M.Y.); (M.U.); (C.Z.)
| | - Hasan Türkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25030, Turkey;
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.Y.); (M.Y.); (M.U.); (C.Z.)
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-40233 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.Y.); (M.Y.); (M.U.); (C.Z.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17165 Stockholm, Sweden; (H.Y.); (M.Y.); (M.U.); (C.Z.)
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, 43204 Reus, Spain; (N.B.); (J.M.d.B.); (L.A.)
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Pafili K, Roden M. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from pathogenesis to treatment concepts in humans. Mol Metab 2021; 50:101122. [PMID: 33220492 PMCID: PMC8324683 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises hepatic alterations with increased lipid accumulation (steatosis) without or with inflammation (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH) and/or fibrosis in the absence of other causes of liver disease. NAFLD is developing as a burgeoning health challenge, mainly due to the worldwide obesity and diabetes epidemics. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the knowledge on the pathogenesis underlying NAFLD by focusing on studies in humans and on hypercaloric nutrition, including effects of saturated fat and fructose, as well as adipose tissue dysfunction, leading to hepatic lipotoxicity, abnormal mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress, and highlights intestinal dysbiosis. These mechanisms are discussed in the context of current treatments targeting metabolic pathways and the results of related clinical trials. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Recent studies have provided evidence that certain conditions, for example, the severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD) subgroup (cluster) and the presence of an increasing number of gene variants, seem to predispose for excessive risk of NAFLD and its accelerated progression. Recent clinical trials have been frequently unsuccessful in halting or preventing NAFLD progression, perhaps partly due to including unselected cohorts in later stages of NAFLD. On the basis of this literature review, this study proposed screening in individuals with the highest genetic or acquired risk of disease progression, for example, the SIRD subgroup, and developing treatment concepts targeting the earliest pathophysiolgical alterations, namely, adipocyte dysfunction and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Pafili
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Düsseldorf, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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25
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How does hepatic lipid accumulation lead to lipotoxicity in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? Hepatol Int 2021; 15:21-35. [PMID: 33548031 PMCID: PMC7886759 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-020-10121-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized as excess lipid accumulation in the liver which is not due to alcohol use, has emerged as one of the major health problems around the world. The dysregulated lipid metabolism creates a lipotoxic environment which promotes the development of NAFLD, especially the progression from simple steatosis (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). PURPOSEAND AIM This review focuses on the mechanisms of lipid accumulation in the liver, with an emphasis on the metabolic fate of free fatty acids (FFAs) in NAFLD and presents an update on the relevant cellular processes/mechanisms that are involved in lipotoxicity. The changes in the levels of various lipid species that result from the imbalance between lipolysis/lipid uptake/lipogenesis and lipid oxidation/secretion can cause organellar dysfunction, e.g. ER stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal dysfunction, JNK activation, secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and aggravate (or be exacerbated by) hypoxia which ultimately lead to cell death. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of how abnormal lipid metabolism leads to lipotoxicity and the cellular mechanisms of lipotoxicity in the context of NAFLD.
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26
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Yan C, Guo H, Ding Q, Shao Y, Kang D, Yu T, Li C, Huang H, Du Y, Wang H, Hu K, Xie L, Wang G, Liang Y. Multiomics Profiling Reveals Protective Function of Schisandra Lignans against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:1092-1103. [PMID: 32719086 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The action principles of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) feature multiactive components, multitarget sites, and weak combination with action targets. In the present study, we performed an integrated analysis of metabonomics, proteomics, and lipidomics to establish a scientific research system on the underlying mechanism of TCMs, and Schisandra lignan extract (SLE) was selected as a model TCM. In metabonomics, several metabolic pathways were found to mediate the liver injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP), and SLE could regulate the disorder of lipid metabolism. The proteomic study further proved that the hepatoprotective effect of SLE was closely related to the regulation of lipid metabolism. Indeed, the results of lipidomics demonstrated that SLE dosing has an obvious callback effect on APAP-induced lipidic profile shift. The contents of 25 diglycerides (DAGs) and 21 triglycerides (TAGs) were enhanced significantly by APAP-induced liver injury, which could further induce liver injury and inflammatory response by upregulating protein kinase C (PKCβ, PKCγ, PKCδ, and PKCθ). The upregulated lipids and PKCs could be reversed to the normal level by SLE dosing. More importantly, phosphatidic acid phosphatase, fatty acid transport protein 5, and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 were proved to be positively associated with the regulation of DAGs and TAGs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Integrated multiomics was first used to reveal the mechanism of APAP-induced acute liver failure (ALF) and the hepatoprotective role of SLE. The results showed that the ALF caused by APAP was closely related to lipid regulation and that SLE dosing could exert a hepatoprotective role by reducing intrahepatic diglyceride and triglyceride levels. Our research can not only promote the application of multicomponent technology in the study of the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines but also provide an effective approach for the prevention and treatment of ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (C.Y., H.G., Y.S., D.K., T.Y., C.L., H.H., Y.D., H.W., K.H., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Department of Geriatric Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu People's Hospital), Nanjing, P.R. China (Q.D.)
| | - Huimin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (C.Y., H.G., Y.S., D.K., T.Y., C.L., H.H., Y.D., H.W., K.H., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Department of Geriatric Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu People's Hospital), Nanjing, P.R. China (Q.D.)
| | - Qingqing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (C.Y., H.G., Y.S., D.K., T.Y., C.L., H.H., Y.D., H.W., K.H., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Department of Geriatric Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu People's Hospital), Nanjing, P.R. China (Q.D.)
| | - Yuhao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (C.Y., H.G., Y.S., D.K., T.Y., C.L., H.H., Y.D., H.W., K.H., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Department of Geriatric Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu People's Hospital), Nanjing, P.R. China (Q.D.)
| | - Dian Kang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (C.Y., H.G., Y.S., D.K., T.Y., C.L., H.H., Y.D., H.W., K.H., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Department of Geriatric Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu People's Hospital), Nanjing, P.R. China (Q.D.)
| | - Tengjie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (C.Y., H.G., Y.S., D.K., T.Y., C.L., H.H., Y.D., H.W., K.H., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Department of Geriatric Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu People's Hospital), Nanjing, P.R. China (Q.D.)
| | - Changjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (C.Y., H.G., Y.S., D.K., T.Y., C.L., H.H., Y.D., H.W., K.H., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Department of Geriatric Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu People's Hospital), Nanjing, P.R. China (Q.D.)
| | - Haoran Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (C.Y., H.G., Y.S., D.K., T.Y., C.L., H.H., Y.D., H.W., K.H., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Department of Geriatric Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu People's Hospital), Nanjing, P.R. China (Q.D.)
| | - Yisha Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (C.Y., H.G., Y.S., D.K., T.Y., C.L., H.H., Y.D., H.W., K.H., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Department of Geriatric Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu People's Hospital), Nanjing, P.R. China (Q.D.)
| | - He Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (C.Y., H.G., Y.S., D.K., T.Y., C.L., H.H., Y.D., H.W., K.H., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Department of Geriatric Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu People's Hospital), Nanjing, P.R. China (Q.D.)
| | - Kangrui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (C.Y., H.G., Y.S., D.K., T.Y., C.L., H.H., Y.D., H.W., K.H., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Department of Geriatric Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu People's Hospital), Nanjing, P.R. China (Q.D.)
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (C.Y., H.G., Y.S., D.K., T.Y., C.L., H.H., Y.D., H.W., K.H., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Department of Geriatric Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu People's Hospital), Nanjing, P.R. China (Q.D.)
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (C.Y., H.G., Y.S., D.K., T.Y., C.L., H.H., Y.D., H.W., K.H., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Department of Geriatric Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu People's Hospital), Nanjing, P.R. China (Q.D.)
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (C.Y., H.G., Y.S., D.K., T.Y., C.L., H.H., Y.D., H.W., K.H., L.X., G.W., Y.L.) and Department of Geriatric Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu People's Hospital), Nanjing, P.R. China (Q.D.)
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Povero D, Yamashita H, Ren W, Subramanian MG, Myers RP, Eguchi A, Simonetto DA, Goodman ZD, Harrison SA, Sanyal AJ, Bosch J, Feldstein AE. Characterization and Proteome of Circulating Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Biomarkers for NASH. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:1263-1278. [PMID: 32923831 PMCID: PMC7471415 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently one of most common forms of chronic liver disease globally. NAFLD represents a wide spectrum of liver involvement from nonprogressive isolated steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by liver necroinflammation and fibrosis and currently one of the top causes of end‐stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. At present, there is a lack of effective treatments, and a central barrier to the development of therapies is the requirement for an invasive liver biopsy for diagnosis of NASH. Discovery of reliable, noninvasive biomarkers are urgently needed. In this study, we tested whether circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs), cell‐derived small membrane‐surrounded structures with a rich cargo of bioactive molecules, may serve as reliable noninvasive “liquid biopsies” for NASH diagnosis and assessment of disease severity. Total circulating EVs and hepatocyte‐derived EVs were isolated by differential centrifugation and size‐exclusion chromatography from serum samples of healthy individuals, patients with precirrhotic NASH, and patients with cirrhotic NASH. EVs were further characterized by flow cytometry, electron microscopy, western blotting, and dynamic light scattering assays before performing a proteomics analysis. Our findings suggest that levels of total and hepatocyte‐derived EVs correlate with NASH clinical characteristics and disease severity. Additionally, using proteomics data, we developed understandable, powerful, and unique EV‐based proteomic signatures for potential diagnosis of advanced NASH. Conclusion: Our study shows that the quantity and protein constituents of circulating EVs provide strong evidence for EV protein–based liquid biopsies for NAFLD/NASH diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Povero
- Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego La Jolla CA
| | | | - Wenhua Ren
- Genomics and Microarray Core University of Colorado Denver Aurora CO
| | | | | | - Akiko Eguchi
- Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego La Jolla CA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jaime Bosch
- Inselspital Bern University Bern Switzerland.,Ciberehd-Idibaps University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Ariel E Feldstein
- Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego La Jolla CA
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28
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Kumari A, Pal Pathak D, Asthana S. Bile acids mediated potential functional interaction between FXR and FATP5 in the regulation of Lipid Metabolism. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2308-2322. [PMID: 32760200 PMCID: PMC7378638 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.44774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Perturbation in lipid homeostasis is one of the major bottlenecks in metabolic diseases, especially Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), which has emerged as a leading global cause of chronic liver disease. The bile acids (BAs) and their derivatives exert a variety of metabolic effects through complex and intertwined pathways, thus becoming the attractive target for metabolic syndrome treatment. To modulate the lipid homeostasis, the role of BAs, turn out to be paramount as it is essential for the absorption, transport of dietary lipids, regulation of metabolic enzymes and transporters that are essential for lipid modulation, flux, and excretion. The synthesis and transport of BAs (conjugated and unconjugated) is chiefly controlled by nuclear receptors and the uptake of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and BA conjugation via transporters. Among them, from in-vivo studies, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and liver-specific fatty acid transport protein 5 (FATP5) have shown convincing evidence for their key roles in lipid homeostasis and reversal of fatty liver disease substantially. BAs have a wider range of biological effects as they are identified as modulators for FXR and FATP5 both and therefore hold a significant promise for altering the lipid content in the treatment of a metabolic disorder. BAs also have received noteworthy interest in drug delivery research due to its peculiar physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. Here, we are highlighting the connecting possibility of BAs as an agonist for FXR and antagonist for FATP5, paving an avenue to target them for designing synthetic small molecules for lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kumari
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, India.,Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Dharam Pal Pathak
- Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), New Delhi, India.,Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, Haryana, India
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29
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Deletion of Perilipin 5 Protects Against Hepatic Injury in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Missing Inflammasome Activation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061346. [PMID: 32481590 PMCID: PMC7348929 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver diseases with an increasing prevalence due to rising rates of obesity, metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes. Untreated NAFLD may progress to steatohepatitis (NASH) and ultimately liver cirrhosis. NAFLD is characterized by lipid accumulation, and when sufficient excess lipids are obtained, irreversible liver injury may follow. Perilipin 5 (PLIN5), a known lipid droplet coating protein and triglyceride metabolism regulator, is highly expressed in oxidatively modified tissues but it is still unclear how it affects NAFLD/NASH progress. We here studied how PLIN5 affects NAFLD development induced by a 30-week high-fat diet (HFD) administration in wild type and PLIN5 knock out (Plin5−/−) mice. The disruption of PLIN5 induced differences in lipid metabolism during HFD feeding and was associated with reduced hepatic fat accumulation. Surprisingly, Plin5−/− mice showed mitigated activation of the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, leading to minor hepatic damage. We conclude that PLIN5 is a pleiotropic regulator of hepatic homeostasis in NASH development. Targeting the PLIN5 expression appears critical for protecting the liver from inflammatory activation during chronic NAFLD.
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30
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Nutrient mTORC1 signaling contributes to hepatic lipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. LIVER RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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