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Renault D, Hess MCM, Braschi J, Cuthbert RN, Sperandii MG, Bazzichetto M, Chabrerie O, Thiébaut G, Buisson E, Grandjean F, Bittebiere AK, Mouchet M, Massol F. Advancing biological invasion hypothesis testing using functional diversity indices. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155102. [PMID: 35398434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pioneering investigations on the effects of introduced populations on community structure, ecosystem functioning and services have focused on the effects of invaders on taxonomic diversity. However, taxonomic-based diversity metrics overlook the heterogeneity of species roles within and among communities. As the homogenizing effects of biological invasions on community and ecosystem processes can be subtle, they may require the use of functional diversity indices to be properly evidenced. Starting from the listing of major functional diversity indices, alongside the presentation of their strengths and limitations, we focus on studies pertaining to the effects of invasive species on native communities and recipient ecosystems using functional diversity indices. By doing so, we reveal that functional diversity of the recipient community may strongly vary at the onset of the invasion process, while it stabilizes at intermediate and high levels of invasion. As functional changes occurring during the lag phase of an invasion have been poorly investigated, we show that it is still unknown whether there are consistent changes in functional diversity metrics that could indicate the end of the lag phase. Thus, we recommend providing information on the invasion stage under consideration when computing functional diversity metrics. For the existing literature, it is also surprising that very few studies explored the functional difference between organisms from the recipient communities and invaders of the same trophic levels, or assessed the effects of non-native organism establishment into a non-analogue versus an analogue community. By providing valuable tools for obtaining in-depth diagnostics of community structure and functioning, functional diversity indices can be applied for timely implementation of restoration plans and improved conservation strategies. To conclude, our work provides a first synthetic guide for their use in hypothesis testing in invasion biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Renault
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, Rennes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Manon C M Hess
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, France; Institut de recherche pour la conservation des zones humides méditerranéennes Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France; NGE-GUINTOLI, Saint-Etienne du Grès, Parc d'activités de Laurade - BP22, 13156 Tarascon Cedex, France
| | - Julie Braschi
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, France; Naturalia-Environnement, Ingénierie en écologie, 20 Rue Lawrence Durrell, 84140 Avignon, France
| | - Ross N Cuthbert
- GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, BT9 5DL Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Marta G Sperandii
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy
| | - Manuele Bazzichetto
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Chabrerie
- Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UMR 7058 CNRS EDYSAN, 1 rue des Louvels, 80037 Amiens Cedex 1, France
| | - Gabrielle Thiébaut
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)] - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Elise Buisson
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), UMR Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, France
| | - Frédéric Grandjean
- Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI- Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, équipe EES, 5 rue Albert Turpin, Bat B8-B35, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 09, France
| | - Anne-Kristel Bittebiere
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maud Mouchet
- UMR 7204 MNHN-SU-CNRS CESCO, CP135, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - François Massol
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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Ectomycorrhizal Assemblages of Invasive Quercus rubra L. and Non-Invasive Carya Nutt. Trees under Common Garden Conditions in Europe. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Invasive tree species change biodiversity, nutrient cycles, and ecosystem services, and can turn native ecosystems into novel ecosystems determined by invaders. In the acclimatization and invasion of alien tree species, the crucial role is played by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. We tested ECM fungi associated with Quercus rubra and Carya trees that are alien to Europe. Quercus rubra is among the most invasive tree species in Europe, and the Carya species are not considered invasive. Both form ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, and in their native range in North America, coexist in oak-hickory forests. Six study stands were located in Kórnik Arboretum: three for Q. rubra and three for Carya trees. Ectomycorrhizal fungi were assessed by molecular identification of ECM roots. We identified 73 ECM fungal taxa of 23 ECM phylogenetic lineages. All identified ECM fungi were native to Europe. Similar richness but different composition of ECM taxa were found on Q. rubra and Carya roots. Phylogenetic lineages /tomentella-thelephora, /russula-lactarius, and /genea-humaria were most abundant on both Carya and Q. rubra roots. Lineages /tuber-helvella and /entoloma were abundant only on Carya, and lineages /pisolithus-scleroderma and /cortinarius were abundant only on Q. rubra roots. Analysis of similarities revealed a significant difference in ectomycorrhizal assemblages between invasive Q. rubra and non-invasive Carya. Highlights: (1) under common garden conditions, ECM taxa richness was similar on Q. rubra and Carya roots; (2) ECM taxa composition differed between invasive Q. rubra and non-invasive Carya; (3) high abundance of long-distance exploration type (lineages from Boletales) was on Q. rubra; and (4) high abundance of short-distance exploration type (e.g., /tuber-helvella) was on Carya.
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A fresh outlook on the smooth-spored species of Inocybe: type studies and 18 new species. Mycol Prog 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01712-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOn the basis of detailed morphological and molecular investigation, eighteen new species of Inocybe (I. alberichiana, I. beatifica, I. bellidiana, I. clandestina, I. drenthensis, I. dryadiana, I. gaiana, I. ghibliana, I. grusiana, I. knautiana, I. lampetiana, I. oetziana, I. orionis, I. plurabellae, I. rivierana, I. scolopacis, I. sitibunda and I. tiburtina) are described. All of them are smooth-spored, and most of them are pruinose only in the apical part of the stipe. The new species are compared to 40 type specimens, all of which are described here and for several of which (partial) ITS sequences have been generated. For eight species, epi-, lecto- or neotypes were selected, among these are I. geophylla, I. glabripes and I. tigrina. Based on these studies, we suggest twelve synonymies, i.e. that I. clarkii is synonymous with I. sindonia, I. conformata with I. cincinnata, I. elegans with I. griseolilacina, I. fuscidula with I. glabripes, I. griseotarda with I. psammobrunnea, I. obscurella with I. obscuroides, I. obscuromellea with I. semifulva, I. patibilis and I. tigrinella with I. tigrina, I. petroselinolens with I. tenuicystidiata and I. rubidofracta with I. pseudorubens and I. subporospora is synonymized with I. tjallingiorum. All of the new species are supported by phylogenetic analyses. Among the previously described species accepted here, sixteen are represented by types in the phylogenetic analyses and ten by own collections morphologically corresponding to the type. In summary, we here verify or provide morphological concepts associated with molecular data for 44 smooth-spored species of Inocybe.
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Corrales A, Xu H, Garibay-Orijel R, Alfonso-Corrado C, Williams-Linera G, Chu C, Truong C, Jusino MA, Clark-Tapia R, Dalling JW, Liu Y, Smith ME. Fungal communities associated with roots of two closely related Juglandaceae species with a disjunct distribution in the tropics. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Dickey JR, Swenie RA, Turner SC, Winfrey CC, Yaffar D, Padukone A, Beals KK, Sheldon KS, Kivlin SN. The Utility of Macroecological Rules for Microbial Biogeography. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.633155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroecological rules have been developed for plants and animals that describe large-scale distributional patterns and attempt to explain the underlying physiological and ecological processes behind them. Similarly, microorganisms exhibit patterns in relative abundance, distribution, diversity, and traits across space and time, yet it remains unclear the extent to which microorganisms follow macroecological rules initially developed for macroorganisms. Additionally, the usefulness of these rules as a null hypothesis when surveying microorganisms has yet to be fully evaluated. With rapid advancements in sequencing technology, we have seen a recent increase in microbial studies that utilize macroecological frameworks. Here, we review and synthesize these macroecological microbial studies with two main objectives: (1) to determine to what extent macroecological rules explain the distribution of host-associated and free-living microorganisms, and (2) to understand which environmental factors and stochastic processes may explain these patterns among microbial clades (archaea, bacteria, fungi, and protists) and habitats (host-associated and free living; terrestrial and aquatic). Overall, 78% of microbial macroecology studies focused on free living, aquatic organisms. In addition, most studies examined macroecological rules at the community level with only 35% of studies surveying organismal patterns across space. At the community level microorganisms often tracked patterns of macroorganisms for island biogeography (74% confirm) but rarely followed Latitudinal Diversity Gradients (LDGs) of macroorganisms (only 32% confirm). However, when microorganisms and macroorganisms shared the same macroecological patterns, underlying environmental drivers (e.g., temperature) were the same. Because we found a lack of studies for many microbial groups and habitats, we conclude our review by outlining several outstanding questions and creating recommendations for future studies in microbial ecology.
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Sugiyama Y, Sato H. The Limited Establishment of Native Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Exotic Eucalyptus spp. Stands in Japan. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:597442. [PMID: 33815304 PMCID: PMC8012522 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.597442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Host specificity may potentially limit the distribution expansion of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi into areas where their original host plants are absent. To test this hypothesis, we investigated whether populations of native ECM fungi may establish in stands of exotic host trees, namely those of the Eucalyptus species, in Japan. ECM fungal communities associated with eucalyptus and surrounding native host species (Pinus thunbergii and Fagaceae spp.) were investigated at two sites; one site in which eucalyptus and native trees were growing in isolation, and a second site in which these species were mixed. To identify fungal taxa, the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region 1 was sequenced for the ECM fungi from the root tips and clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). To confirm whether the retrieved OTUs were native to Japan, they were queried against the entire database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information, UNITE, and GlobalFungi, whereby sampling locations and associated hosts were obtained from sequences with ≥97% similarity. Eucalyptus trees were associated with seven and 12 ECM fungal OTUs, including putatively exotic OTUs in isolated and mixed sites, respectively. Among the 36 and 63 native ECM fungal OTUs detected from native hosts at isolated and mixed sites, only one OTU was shared with eucalyptus at the respective sites. This means that most native ECM fungi in Japan may be incapable of forming an association with exotic Eucalyptus spp. Notably, even ECM fungi associated with both Pinus and Quercus were not detected from eucalyptus, suggesting that host-fungus incompatibility is determined not only by host phylogenetic relatedness but also by host biogeographic affinities. Our findings show that the incompatibility with eucalyptus as well as dispersal limitation may prevent the distribution expansion of native ECM fungi in Japan into the distribution ranges of Eucalyptus spp., where the original hosts are absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Ectomycorrhizal fungi of exotic Carya ovata in the context of surrounding native forests on Central European sites. FUNGAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2019.100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Thakur MP, Phillips HRP, Brose U, De Vries FT, Lavelle P, Loreau M, Mathieu J, Mulder C, Van der Putten WH, Rillig MC, Wardle DA, Bach EM, Bartz MLC, Bennett JM, Briones MJI, Brown G, Decaëns T, Eisenhauer N, Ferlian O, Guerra CA, König‐Ries B, Orgiazzi A, Ramirez KS, Russell DJ, Rutgers M, Wall DH, Cameron EK. Towards an integrative understanding of soil biodiversity. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:350-364. [PMID: 31729831 PMCID: PMC7078968 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Soil is one of the most biodiverse terrestrial habitats. Yet, we lack an integrative conceptual framework for understanding the patterns and mechanisms driving soil biodiversity. One of the underlying reasons for our poor understanding of soil biodiversity patterns relates to whether key biodiversity theories (historically developed for aboveground and aquatic organisms) are applicable to patterns of soil biodiversity. Here, we present a systematic literature review to investigate whether and how key biodiversity theories (species-energy relationship, theory of island biogeography, metacommunity theory, niche theory and neutral theory) can explain observed patterns of soil biodiversity. We then discuss two spatial compartments nested within soil at which biodiversity theories can be applied to acknowledge the scale-dependent nature of soil biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav P. Thakur
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenGelderland, The Netherlands
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigSaxony, Germany
| | - Helen R. P. Phillips
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJenaThuringia, Germany
| | - Franciska T. De Vries
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of ManchesterManchesterNorth West England, UK
| | | | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier UniversityMoulisOccitanie, France
| | - Jerome Mathieu
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UPECParisÎle-de-France, France
| | - Christian Mulder
- Department BiologicalGeological and Environmental Sciences, University of CataniaCataniaSicily, Italy
| | - Wim H. Van der Putten
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenGelderland, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of NematologyWageningen UniversityWageningenGelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias C. Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of BiologyBerlinGermany
- Berlin‐Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB)BerlinGermany
| | - David A. Wardle
- Asian School for the Environment, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore
| | - Elizabeth M. Bach
- Department of Biology and School of Global Environmental SustainabilityColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Marie L. C. Bartz
- Center of Functional Ecology, Department of Life SciencesUniversity of CoimbraCoimbraCentro, Portugal
- Universidade Positivo, Rua Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de SouzaCuritiba Paraná, Brazil
| | - Joanne M. Bennett
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Maria J. I. Briones
- Departamento de Ecología y Biología AnimalUniversidad de VigoVigoGalicien, Spain
| | | | - Thibaud Decaëns
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS–Université de Montpellier–Université Paul‐Valéry Montpellier–EPHE)MontpellierOccitanie, France
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigSaxony, Germany
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig UniversityLeipzigSaxony, Germany
| | - Carlos António Guerra
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Birgitta König‐Ries
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle‐Jena‐LeipzigLeipzigSaxony, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJenaThuringia, Germany
| | - Alberto Orgiazzi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Sustainable Resources DirectorateIspraVareseItaly
| | - Kelly S. Ramirez
- Department of Terrestrial EcologyNetherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenGelderland, The Netherlands
| | - David J. Russell
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History GörlitzGoerlitzSaxony, Germany
| | - Michiel Rutgers
- National Institute for Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenUtrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diana H. Wall
- Department of Biology and School of Global Environmental SustainabilityColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Erin K. Cameron
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki, Uusimaa, Finland
- Department of Environmental ScienceSaint Mary's UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
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Bai Z, Yuan ZQ, Wang DM, Fang S, Ye J, Wang XG, Yuan HS. Ectomycorrhizal fungus-associated determinants jointly reflect ecological processes in a temperature broad-leaved mixed forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:135475. [PMID: 31767296 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are closely related to vegetation compositions, edaphic properties, and site-specific processes. However, the coevolutionary mechanisms underlying the spatial distributions in floristic and ECM fungal composition in the context of biotic adaptations and abiotic variances remain unclear. We combine a total of 25 ECM fungus-associated environmental variables to impose three types of composite scores and then quantify the environmental gradients of geographical site, soil chemical property and vegetation functional trait across 122 grids of 20 m × 20 m in a 25-hm2 forest plot. Significant dissimilarities in vegetational and ECM fungal abundance and composition existed along the above environmental gradients. Specifically, a contrasting floristic distribution (e.g., Betula platyphylla vs. Tilia mandshurica) existed between the northeastern and southwestern areas and was closely related to the nutrient and moisture gradients (with high levels in the west and low levels in the east). Furthermore, the ECM fungal communities were more abundant in the nutrient-poor and low-moisture environments than in the nutrient-rich and high-moisture environments, and the mixed-forest in the middle-gradient sites between the northeastern and southwestern areas harbored the highest ECM fungal diversity. These findings suggest that predictable within-site vegetation succession is closely related to ECM-associated determinants and the natural spatial heterogeneity of edaphic properties at a local scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, PR China
| | - Zuo-Qiang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, PR China
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- School of pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Shuai Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, PR China
| | - Ji Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, PR China
| | - Xu-Gao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, PR China.
| | - Hai-Sheng Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, PR China.
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Vargas N, Gonçalves SC, Franco-Molano AE, Restrepo S, Pringle A. In Colombia the Eurasian fungus Amanita muscaria is expanding its range into native, tropical Quercus humboldtii forests. Mycologia 2019; 111:758-771. [PMID: 31408397 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2019.1636608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To meet a global demand for timber, tree plantations were established in South America during the first half of the 20th century. Extensive plantings of non-native species now are found in Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay. In Colombia, miscellaneous plantations were established in the 1950s, during a period of intensive local logging, when policies to limit deforestation in native Quercus humboldtii forests were established. One unforeseen consequence of planting non-native trees was the simultaneous introduction and subsequent persistence of ectomycorrhizal fungi. We sought to document the origins and spread of the introduced Amanita muscaria found in Colombian plantations of the Mexican species Pinus patula, North American species P. taeda, and Australian species Acacia melanoxylon and Eucalyptus globulus. In Colombia, Amanita muscaria is establishing a novel association with native Q. humboldtii and has spread to local Q. humboldtii forests. According to a Bayesian phylogeny and haplotype analysis based on the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8-ITS2 (ITS barcode), A. muscaria individuals found in four exotic plant species, and those colonizing Q. humboldtii roots, have a Eurasian origin and belong to two Eurasian haplotypes. This is the first time the spread of an introduced mutualist fungus into native Colombian Q. humboldtii forests is reported. To arrest its spread, we suggest the use of local inocula made up of native fungi, instead of inocula of introduced fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Vargas
- Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Universidad de Los Andes , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Susana C Gonçalves
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra , 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Silvia Restrepo
- Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Universidad de Los Andes , Bogotá , Colombia
| | - Anne Pringle
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706.,Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706
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Saravesi K, Markkola A, Taulavuori E, Syvänperä I, Suominen O, Suokas M, Saikkonen K, Taulavuori K. Impacts of experimental warming and northern light climate on growth and root fungal communities of Scots pine populations. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Policelli N, Bruns TD, Vilgalys R, Nuñez MA. Suilloid fungi as global drivers of pine invasions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:714-725. [PMID: 30586169 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Belowground biota can deeply influence plant invasion. The presence of appropriate soil mutualists can act as a driver to enable plants to colonize new ranges. We reviewed the species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) that facilitate pine establishment in both native and non-native ranges, and that are associated with their invasion into nonforest settings. We found that one particular group of EMF, suilloid fungi, uniquely drive pine invasion in the absence of other EMF. Although the association with other EMF is variable, suilloid EMF are always associated with invasive pines, particularly at early invasion, when invasive trees are most vulnerable. We identified five main ecological traits of suilloid fungi that may explain their key role at pine invasions: their long-distance dispersal capacity, the establishment of positive biotic interactions with mammals, their capacity to generate a resistant spore bank, their rapid colonization of roots and their long-distance exploration type. These results suggest that the identity of mycorrhizal fungi and their ecological interactions, rather than simply the presence of compatible fungi, are key to the understanding of plant invasion processes and their success or failure. Particularly for pines, their specific association with suilloid fungi determines their invasion success in previously uninvaded ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahuel Policelli
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente INIBIOMA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Nacional del Comahue (UNCo), Avenida de los Pioneros 2350, San Carlos de Bariloche, 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Thomas D Bruns
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - Rytas Vilgalys
- Biology Department, Duke University, 130 Science Drive, Durham, NC, 27708-0338, USA
| | - Martin A Nuñez
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente INIBIOMA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad Nacional del Comahue (UNCo), Avenida de los Pioneros 2350, San Carlos de Bariloche, 8400, Río Negro, Argentina
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Host Phylogenetic Relatedness and Soil Nutrients Shape Ectomycorrhizal Community Composition in Native and Exotic Pine Plantations. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exotic non-native Pinus species have been widely planted or become naturalized in many parts of the world. Pines rely on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi mutualisms to overcome barriers to establishment, yet the degree to which host specificity and edaphic preferences influence ECM community composition remains poorly understood. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing coupled with soil analyses to investigate the effect of host plant identity, spatial distance and edaphic factors on ECM community composition in young (30-year-old) native (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) and exotic (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pine plantations in China. The ECM fungal communities comprised 43 species with the majority belonging to the Thelephoraceae and Russulaceae. Most species were found associated with both host trees while certain native ECM taxa (Suillus) showed host specificity to the native P. massoniana. ECM fungi that are known to occur exclusively with Pinus (e.g., Rhizopogon) were uncommon. We found no significant effect of host identity on ECM communities, i.e., phylogenetically related pines shared similar ECM fungal communities. Instead, ECM fungal community composition was strongly influenced by site-specific abiotic factors and dispersal. These findings reinforce the idea that taxonomic relatedness might be a factor promoting ECM colonization in exotic pines but that shifts in ECM communities may also be context-dependent.
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14
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Rudawska M, Leski T, Wilgan R, Karliński L, Kujawska M, Janowski D. Mycorrhizal associations of the exotic hickory trees, Carya laciniosa and Carya cordiformis, grown in Kórnik Arboretum in Poland. MYCORRHIZA 2018; 28:549-560. [PMID: 29934745 PMCID: PMC6182374 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-018-0846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We studied mycorrhizal associations of North American Carya laciniosa and Carya cordiformis trees, successfully acclimated to local habitat conditions of the historic Kórnik Arboretum in Poland, in order to better understand mycorrhizal host range extensions in new environments. The root systems of Carya seedlings (1-3 years old), regenerated under a canopy of mature hickory trees, were analyzed using microscopic, morphological, and molecular techniques. Our results, for the first time, indicate that C. laciniosa and C. cordiformis have both arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal associations. In the cleared and stained roots of both Carya species, typical structures of arbuscular mycorrhizae (vesicles, arbuscules, hyphal coils, and intercellular nonseptate hyphae) were detected. On the basis of ITS rDNA sequencing, 40 ectomycorrhizal fungal taxa were revealed, with 25 on C. laciniosa and 19 on C. cordiformis. Only four fungal species (Cenococcum geophilum sensu lato, Russula recondita, Xerocomellus cisalpinus, Humaria hemisphaerica) were shared by both Carya species. The high number of infrequent fungal taxa found, as well as the calculated richness estimator, indicates that the real ectomycorrhizal community of C. laciniosa and C. cordiformis is probably richer. The ability of the exotic Carya species to form arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal linkages with native fungi could be a factor in the successful establishment of these tree species under the conditions of Kórnik Arboretum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rudawska
- Laboratory of Symbiotic Associations, Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Leski
- Laboratory of Symbiotic Associations, Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Robin Wilgan
- Laboratory of Symbiotic Associations, Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Leszek Karliński
- Laboratory of Symbiotic Associations, Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Marta Kujawska
- Laboratory of Symbiotic Associations, Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Daniel Janowski
- Laboratory of Symbiotic Associations, Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
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15
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A pantropically introduced tree is followed by specific ectomycorrhizal symbionts due to pseudo-vertical transmission. ISME JOURNAL 2018. [PMID: 29535364 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Global trade increases plant introductions, but joint introduction of associated microbes is overlooked. We analyzed the ectomycorrhizal fungi of a Caribbean beach tree, seagrape (Coccoloba uvifera, Polygonacaeae), introduced pantropically to stabilize coastal soils and produce edible fruits. Seagrape displays a limited symbiont diversity in the Caribbean. In five regions of introduction (Brazil, Japan, Malaysia, Réunion and Senegal), molecular barcoding showed that seagrape mostly or exclusively associates with Scleroderma species (Basidiomycota) that were hitherto only known from Caribbean seagrape stands. An unknown Scleroderma species dominates in Brazil, Japan and Malaysia, while Scleroderma bermudense exclusively occurs in Réunion and Senegal. Population genetics analysis of S. bermudense did not detect any demographic bottleneck associated with a possible founder effect, but fungal populations from regions where seagrape is introduced are little differentiated from the Caribbean ones, separated by thousands of kilometers, consistently with relatively recent introduction. Moreover, dry seagrape fruits carry Scleroderma spores, probably because, when drying on beach sand, they aggregate spores from the spore bank accumulated by semi-hypogeous Scleroderma sporocarps. Aggregated spores inoculate seedlings, and their abundance may limit the founder effect after seagrape introduction. This rare pseudo-vertical transmission of mycorrhizal fungi likely contributed to efficient and repeated seagrape/Scleroderma co-introductions.
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16
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Wang X, Liu J, Long D, Han Q, Huang J. The ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Quercus liaotungensis in different habitats across northern China. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:441-449. [PMID: 28120112 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quercus liaotungensis is a major tree species in deciduous broad-leaved forests in northern China. In this study, we investigated ectomycorrhizal (ECM) communities associated with Q. liaotungensis from five typical habitats across northern China. We used internal transcribed spacer-polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing to identify ECM fungi, and we detected 220 operational taxonomic units. In general, at the regional scale, the dominant ECM lineages were /tomentella-thelephora, /cenococcum, /russula-lactarius, and /inocybe. Analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences in alpha diversity among these ECM communities, and the ECM fungal richness was positively correlated with elevation and soil organic matter. Analysis of similarity and a nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that there were significant differences in community composition, and the geographical distance was correlated with the ECM fungal communities. Among the environmental factors we studied, soil parameters and climate factors were the primary direct driving factors of the ECM fungal communities. Our study primarily advances our understanding of environmental factors affecting ECM fungal communities at regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Ningxia Helan Mountain Forest Ecosystem Orientational Research Station, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750000, China.
| | - Dongfeng Long
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qisheng Han
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jian Huang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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17
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Pena R, Lang C, Lohaus G, Boch S, Schall P, Schöning I, Ammer C, Fischer M, Polle A. Phylogenetic and functional traits of ectomycorrhizal assemblages in top soil from different biogeographic regions and forest types. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:233-245. [PMID: 27885418 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0742-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal taxonomic, phylogenetic, and trait diversity (exploration types) were analyzed in beech and conifer forests along a north-to-south gradient in three biogeographic regions in Germany. The taxonomic community structures of the ectomycorrhizal assemblages in top soil were influenced by stand density and forest type, by biogeographic environmental factors (soil physical properties, temperature, and precipitation), and by nitrogen forms (amino acids, ammonium, and nitrate). While α-diversity did not differ between forest types, β-diversity increased, leading to higher γ-diversity on the landscape level when both forest types were present. The highest taxonomic diversity of EM was found in forests in cool, moist climate on clay and silty soils and the lowest in the forests in warm, dry climate on sandy soils. In the region with higher taxonomic diversity, phylogenetic clustering was found, but not trait clustering. In the warm region, trait clustering occurred despite neutral phylogenetic effects. These results suggest that different forest types and favorable environmental conditions in forests promote high EM species richness in top soil presumably with both high functional diversity and phylogenetic redundancy, while stressful environmental conditions lead to lower species richness and functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Pena
- Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Büsgen-Institut, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christa Lang
- Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Büsgen-Institut, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Communication and Environment, Rhine-Waal University of Applied Science, Friedrich-Heinrich-Allee 24, 47475, Kamp-Lintfort, Germany
| | - Gertrud Lohaus
- Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Büsgen-Institut, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Molekulare Pflanzenforschung/Pflanzenbiochemie, Gaußstr. 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Steffen Boch
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Botanical Garden, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schall
- Waldbau und Waldökologie der gemäßigten Zonen, Burkhard Institut, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Department Biogeochemical Processes, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Ammer
- Waldbau und Waldökologie der gemäßigten Zonen, Burkhard Institut, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Botanical Garden, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forstbotanik und Baumphysiologie, Büsgen-Institut, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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18
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Yamamoto K, Endo N, Degawa Y, Fukuda M, Yamada A. First detection of Endogone ectomycorrhizas in natural oak forests. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:295-301. [PMID: 27817000 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0740-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The order Endogonales in Mucoromycotina, an early divergent lineage of fungi, includes ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. This order is therefore considered a key taxon for elucidation of the evolution of EM associations. Recent studies have revealed high diversity of EM lineages of Basidiomycota and Ascomycota; however, EM associations of Endogonales and its relatives remain largely unknown. In this study, EM root tips with a unique fungal sheath, with aseptate and highly branched hyphae of variable widths, were identified in Quercus acutissima and Quercus crispula forests in the temperate zone of Japan. The mycobionts were confirmed as Endogone sp., which were placed as a sister clade of Endogone pisiformis, based on phylogenetic analyses of the small and large subunits of the nuclear ribosomal RNA and elongation factor-1α genes. This is the first report of EM of Endogone in natural forests of the Northern Hemisphere and the first finding on Quercus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yamamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304, Minami-minowa, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan.
| | - Naoki Endo
- Fungus/Mushroom Resource and Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101, Koyama, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yousuke Degawa
- Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1278-294, Sugadaira, Ueda, Nagano, 386-2204, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304, Minami-minowa, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Yamada
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304, Minami-minowa, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304, Minami-minowa, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem, Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, 8304, Minami-minowa, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan
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19
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Holste EK, Kobe RK, Gehring CA. Plant species differ in early seedling growth and tissue nutrient responses to arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal fungi. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:211-223. [PMID: 27838856 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0744-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Experiments with plant species that can host both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are important to separating the roles of fungal type and plant species and understanding the influence of the types of symbioses on plant growth and nutrient acquisition. We examined the effects of mycorrhizal fungal type on the growth and tissue nutrient content of two tree species (Eucalyptus grandis and Quercus costaricensis) grown under four nutrient treatments (combinations of low versus high nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) with different N:P ratios) in the greenhouse. Trees were inoculated with unidentified field mixtures of AMF or EMF species cultivated on root fragments of AMF- or EMF-specific bait plants. In E. grandis, inoculation with both AMF and EMF positively affected belowground plant dry weight and negatively affected aboveground dry weight, while only inoculation with AMF increased tissue nutrient content. Conversely, Q. costaricensis dry weight and nutrient content did not differ significantly among inoculation treatments, potentially due to its dependence on cotyledon reserves for growth. Mineral nutrition of both tree species differed with the ratio of N to P applied while growth did not. Our results demonstrate that both tree species' characteristics and the soil nutrient environment can affect how AMF and EMF interact with their host plants. This research highlights the importance of mycorrhizal fungal-tree-soil interactions during early seedling growth and suggests that differences between AMF and EMF associations may be crucial to understanding forest ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen K Holste
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, Natural Resource Building, Room 126, 48824, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Richard K Kobe
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Road, Natural Resource Building, Room 126, 48824, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Catherine A Gehring
- Department of Biological Sciences and Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research, Northern Arizona University, 617 S. Beaver Street, 86011, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
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20
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Põlme S, Bahram M, Kõljalg U, Tedersoo L. Biogeography and Specificity of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi of Coccoloba uvifera. BIOGEOGRAPHY OF MYCORRHIZAL SYMBIOSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-56363-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Healy RA, Zurier H, Bonito G, Smith ME, Pfister DH. Mycorrhizal detection of native and non-native truffles in a historic arboretum and the discovery of a new North American species, Tuber arnoldianum sp. nov. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:781-792. [PMID: 27282772 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-016-0713-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
During a study comparing the ectomycorrhizal root communities in a native forest with those at the Arnold Arboretum in Massachusetts (USA), the European species Tuber borchii was detected on the roots of a native red oak in the arboretum over two successive years. Since T. borchii is an economically important edible truffle native to Europe, we conducted a search of other roots in the arboretum to determine the extent of colonization. We also wanted to determine whether other non-native Tuber species had been inadvertently introduced into this 140-year-old Arboretum because many trees were imported into the site with intact soil and roots prior to the 1921 USDA ban on these horticultural practices in the USA. While T. borchii was not found on other trees, seven other native and exotic Tuber species were detected. Among the North American Tuber species detected from ectomycorrhizae, we also collected ascomata of a previously unknown species described here as Tuber arnoldianum. This new species was found colonizing both native and non-native tree roots. Other ectomycorrhizal taxa that were detected included basidiomycetes in the genera Amanita, Russula, Tomentella, and ascomycetes belonging to Pachyphlodes, Helvella, Genea, and Trichophaea. We clarify the phylogenetic relationships of each of the Tuber species detected in this study, and we discuss their distribution on both native and non-native host trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne A Healy
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138-2020, USA.
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Hannah Zurier
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138-2020, USA
| | - Gregory Bonito
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue St., East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Matthew E Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Donald H Pfister
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02138-2020, USA
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22
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Rudawska M, Pietras M, Smutek I, Strzeliński P, Leski T. Ectomycorrhizal fungal assemblages of Abies alba Mill. outside its native range in Poland. MYCORRHIZA 2016; 26:57-65. [PMID: 26071873 PMCID: PMC4700082 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-015-0646-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Abies alba (Mill.) is an important forest tree species, native to the mountainous regions of Europe but has been also widely introduced in the lowlands outside its native range. Like most forest tree species, A. alba forms obligate mutualisms with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi. This investigation sought to examine ECM fungal communities of A. alba when the species grows 400 km north of its native range in the region of Pomerania in Poland. We surveyed for ECM fungi by sampling live roots from four mature forest stands where the A. alba component ranged from 20 to 100%. Ectomycorrhizal fungal symbionts were identified based on morphotyping and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Thirty-five ECM fungal taxa were distinguished on root tips of A. alba from all tested stands with 22 to 27 ECM fungal taxa in the individual stand. The diversity and similarity metrics revealed a lack of statistical differences in the structure of the ECM fungal community between stands varying in overstory tree composition. Cenococcum geophilum was the most common fungal species at all investigated A. alba stands, with an abundance of 50 to 70%. The ECM community was characterized by the lack of Abies-specific fungal symbionts and a rich and diverse suite of host-generalist mycobionts that seem to be sufficient for successful growth and development of A. alba outside of its native range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rudawska
- Laboratory of Symbiotic Associations, Institute of Dendrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Marcin Pietras
- Laboratory of Symbiotic Associations, Institute of Dendrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Iwona Smutek
- Laboratory of Symbiotic Associations, Institute of Dendrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Paweł Strzeliński
- Department of Forest Management, University of Life Sciences in Poznań, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Leski
- Laboratory of Symbiotic Associations, Institute of Dendrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
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Ángeles-Argáiz RE, Flores-García A, Ulloa M, Garibay-Orijel R. Commercial Sphagnum peat moss is a vector for exotic ectomycorrhizal mushrooms. Biol Invasions 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-015-0992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Sphagnum peat moss is one of the most commonly used substrates for forest plant and houseplant production. It is extracted from peat bogs in the circumboreal region and exported worldwide. Commercial peat moss is pasteurized, and is therefore believed to be free of viable ectomycorrhizal propagules. We used a bioassay with Pinus montezumae to demonstrate that commercial peat moss carries viable ectomycorrhizal spores, able to form mycorrhizae. Ectomycorrhizal fungi on seedling root-tips were sequenced for phylogenetic analyses using the ITS rDNA barcode region. We found three species: Suillus brevipes, Sphaerosporella brunnea, and Thelephora terrestris. S. brevipes and T. terrestris were found as viable inoculum transported in the peat moss, while S. brunnea was a greenhouse contaminant. S. brevipes and T. terrestris have biological characteristics (such as heat resistant and long living spores) that facilitate their survival to the extraction, transport, and storage processes of peat moss. This allows them to colonize nursery seedlings and to become potential invasive species in plantation areas. S. brevipes and T. terrestris are two of the most introduced fungi by anthropic activities; it has been argued that the vehicle for the introductions are their pine symbionts. This is the first time it has been demonstrated that peat moss is an important vehicle for the introduction of these fungi; a fact potentially related to the pattern of introduction of these ectomycorrhizal species from the northern hemisphere to elsewhere in the world.
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Moeller HV, Dickie IA, Peltzer DA, Fukami T. Mycorrhizal co-invasion and novel interactions depend on neighborhood context. Ecology 2015; 96:2336-47. [DOI: 10.1890/14-2361.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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25
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Miyamoto Y, Sakai A, Hattori M, Nara K. Strong effect of climate on ectomycorrhizal fungal composition: evidence from range overlap between two mountains. THE ISME JOURNAL 2015; 9:1870-9. [PMID: 25647348 PMCID: PMC4511943 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2015.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Separating the effects of environmental factors and spatial distance on microbial composition is difficult when these factors covary. We examined the composition of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi along elevation gradients on geographically distant mountains to clarify the effect of climate at the regional scale. Soil cores were collected from various forest types along an elevation gradient in southwestern Japan. Fungal species were identified by the internal transcribed spacer regions of the rDNA using direct sequencing. The occurrence of fungal species in this study was compared with a previous study conducted on a mountain separated by ∼550 km. In total, we recorded 454 EM fungi from 330 of 350 soil cores. Forty-seven fungal species (∼20% of the total excluding singletons) were shared between two mountains, mostly between similar forest types on both mountains. Variation partitioning in redundancy analysis revealed that climate explained the largest variance in EM fungal composition. The similarity of forest tree composition, which is usually determined by climatic conditions, was positively correlated with the similarity of the EM fungal composition. However, the lack of large host effects implied that communities of forest trees and EM fungi may be determined independently by climate. Our data provide important insights that host plants and mutualistic fungi may respond to climate change idiosyncratically, potentially altering carbon and nutrient cycles in relation to the plant-fungus associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Miyamoto
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakai
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Kochi, Japan
| | - Masahira Hattori
- Center for Omics and Bioinformatics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Nara
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Bogar LM, Dickie IA, Kennedy PG. Testing the co-invasion hypothesis: ectomycorrhizal fungal communities onAlnus glutinosaandSalix fragilisin New Zealand. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Bogar
- Department of Biology; Stanford University; 371 Serra Mall Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Ian A. Dickie
- Bio-Protection Research Centre; Lincoln University; Box 85084 Lincoln New Zealand
- Landcare Research; Box 69040 Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Peter G. Kennedy
- Department of Plant Biology; 250 Biological Science Center; University of Minnesota; 1445 Gortner Ave St. Paul MN 55108 USA
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27
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Molina R, Horton TR. Mycorrhiza Specificity: Its Role in the Development and Function of Common Mycelial Networks. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7395-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Miyamoto Y, Nakano T, Hattori M, Nara K. The mid-domain effect in ectomycorrhizal fungi: range overlap along an elevation gradient on Mount Fuji, Japan. THE ISME JOURNAL 2014; 8:1739-46. [PMID: 24621523 PMCID: PMC4817612 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mid-domain effect (MDE) models predict that the random placement of species' ranges within a bounded geographical area leads to increased range overlap and species richness in the center of the bounded area. These models are frequently applied to study species-richness patterns of macroorganisms, but the MDE in relation to microorganisms is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the characteristics of the MDE in richness patterns of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi, an ecologically important group of soil symbionts. We conducted intensive soil sampling to investigate overlap among species ranges and the applicability of the MDE to EM fungi in four temperate forest stands along an elevation gradient on Mount Fuji, Japan. Molecular analyses using direct sequencing revealed 302 EM fungal species. Of 73 EM fungal species found in multiple stands, 72 inhabited a continuous range along the elevation gradient. The maximum overlap in species range and the highest species richness occurred at elevations in the middle of the gradient. The observed richness pattern also fit within the 95% confidence interval of the mid-domain null model, supporting the role of the MDE in EM fungal richness. Deviation in observed richness from the mean of the mid-domain null estimation was negatively correlated with some environmental factors, including precipitation and soil C/N, indicating that unexplained richness patterns could be driven by these environmental factors. Our results clearly support the existence of microbial species' ranges along environmental gradients and the potential applicability of the MDE to better understand microbial diversity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumiko Miyamoto
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Yamanashi Institute of Environmental Sciences, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masahira Hattori
- Center for Omics and Bioinformatics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Nara
- Department of Natural Environmental Studies, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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Lothamer K, Brown SP, Mattox JD, Jumpponen A. Comparison of root-associated communities of native and non-native ectomycorrhizal hosts in an urban landscape. MYCORRHIZA 2014; 24:267-280. [PMID: 24221903 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-013-0539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Non-native tree species are often used as ornamentals in urban landscapes. However, their root-associated fungal communities remain yet to be examined in detail. Here, we compared richness, diversity and community composition of ectomycorrhizosphere fungi in general and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi in particular between a non-native Pinus nigra and a native Quercus macrocarpa across a growing season in urban parks using 454-pyrosequencing. Our data show that, while the ectomycorrhizosphere community richness and diversity did not differ between the two host, the EcM communities associated with the native host were often more species rich and included more exclusive members than those of the non-native hosts. In contrast, the ectomycorrhizosphere communities of the two hosts were compositionally clearly distinct in nonmetric multidimensional ordination analyses, whereas the EcM communities were only marginally so. Taken together, our data suggest EcM communities with broad host compatibilities and with a limited numbers of taxa with preference to the non-native host. Furthermore, many common fungi in the non-native Pinus were not EcM taxa, suggesting that the fungal communities of the non-native host may be enriched in non-mycorrhizal fungi at the cost of the EcM taxa. Finally, while our colonization estimates did not suggest a shortage in EcM inoculum for either host in urban parks, the differences in the fungi associated with the two hosts emphasize the importance of using native hosts in urban environments as a tool to conserve endemic fungal diversity and richness in man-made systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lothamer
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
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Yu HX, Wang CY, Tang M. Fungal and bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of Pinus tabulaeformis related to the restoration of plantations and natural secondary forests in the Loess Plateau, northwest China. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:606480. [PMID: 24459438 PMCID: PMC3886228 DOI: 10.1155/2013/606480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) is widely planted for restoration in destroyed ecosystems of the Loess Plateau in China. Although soil microbial communities are important subsurface components of the terrestrial ecosystems, little is known about fungal and bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of planted and natural P. tabulaeformis forests in the region. In this study, fungal and bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of P. tabulaeformis were analyzed by nested PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis). Diversity analysis revealed that the values of the Shannon-Wiener index (H) and the Simpson index (D) of fungal communities were higher in natural secondary forests than in plantations except for the 3-year-old site. Moreover, the values of species richness, H, and D of the bacterial communities were also higher in the former. Totally, 18 fungal and 19 bacterial DGGE band types were successfully retrieved and sequenced. The dominant fungi in the rhizosphere of P. tabulaeformis belonged to the phylum of Basidiomycota, while the dominant bacteria belonged to the phylum of Proteobacteria. Principal component analysis indicated that fungal and bacterial species were more unitary in plantations than in natural secondary forests, and the majority of them were more likely to appear in the latter. Correlation analysis showed no significant correlation between the fungal and bacterial community diversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Yu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chun-Yan Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ming Tang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Below-ground ectomycorrhizal communities: the effect of small scale spatial and short term temporal variation. Symbiosis 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-012-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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