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Ibrahim MA, Isah MB, Inim MD, Abdullahi AD, Adamu A. The connections of sialic acids and diabetes mellitus: therapeutic or diagnostic value? Glycobiology 2024; 34:cwae053. [PMID: 39041707 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwae053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Modulation of sialic acids is one of the important pathological consequences of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without the micro- and macrovascular complications. However, the mechanistic, therapeutic and/or diagnostic implications of these observations are uncoordinated and possibly conflicting. This review critically analyses the scientific investigations connecting sialic acids with diabetes mellitus. Generally, variations in the levels and patterns of sialylation, fucosylation and galactosylation were predominant across various tissues and body systems of diabetic patients, but the immune system seemed to be most affected. These might be explored as a basis for differential diagnosis of various diabetic complications. Sialic acids are predominantly elevated in nearly all forms of diabetic conditions, particularly nephropathy and retinopathy, which suggests some diagnostic value but the mechanistic details were not unequivocal from the available data. The plausible mechanistic explanations for the elevated sialic acids are increased desialylation by sialidases, stimulation of hexosamine pathway and synthesis of acute phase proteins as well as oxidative stress. Additionally, sialic acids are also profoundly associated with glucose transport and insulin resistance in human-based studies while animal-based studies revealed that the increased desialylation of insulin receptors by sialidases, especially NEU1, might be the causal link. Interestingly, inhibition of the diabetes-associated NEU1 desialylation was beneficial in diabetes management and might be considered as a therapeutic target. It is hoped that the article will provide an informed basis for future research activities on the exploitation of sialic acids and glycobiology for therapeutic and/or diagnostic purposes against diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Murtala Bindawa Isah
- Department of Biochemistry, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, P.M.B. 2218, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Mayen David Inim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, 80001, Zaria, Nigeria
| | | | - Auwal Adamu
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru, 80001, Zaria, Nigeria
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Honoré B, Hajari JN, Pedersen TT, Ilginis T, Al-Abaiji HA, Lønkvist CS, Saunte JP, Olsen DA, Brandslund I, Vorum H, Slidsborg C. Proteomic analysis of diabetic retinopathy identifies potential plasma-protein biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:1177-1197. [PMID: 38332693 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify molecular pathways and prognostic- and diagnostic plasma-protein biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy at various stages. METHODS This exploratory, cross-sectional proteomics study involved plasma from 68 adults, including 15 healthy controls and 53 diabetes patients for various stages of diabetic retinopathy: non-diabetic retinopathy, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. Plasma was incubated with peptide library beads and eluted proteins were tryptic digested, analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry followed by bioinformatics. RESULTS In the 68 samples, 248 of the 731 identified plasma-proteins were present in all samples. Analysis of variance showed differential expression of 58 proteins across the five disease subgroups. Protein-Protein Interaction network (STRING) showed enrichment of various pathways during the diabetic stages. In addition, stage-specific driver proteins were detected for early and advanced diabetic retinopathy. Hierarchical clustering showed distinct protein profiles according to disease severity and disease type. CONCLUSIONS Molecular pathways in the cholesterol metabolism, complement system, and coagulation cascade were enriched in patients at various stages of diabetic retinopathy. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway and systemic lupus erythematosus pathways were enriched in early diabetic retinopathy. Stage-specific proteins for early - and advanced diabetic retinopathy as determined herein could be 'key' players in driving disease development and potential 'target' proteins for future therapies. For type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, the proteomic profiles were especially distinct during the early disease stage. Validation studies should aim to clarify the role of the detected molecular pathways, potential biomarkers, and potential 'target' proteins for future therapies in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bent Honoré
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Javad Nouri Hajari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Torp Pedersen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tomas Ilginis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hajer Ahmad Al-Abaiji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claes Sepstrup Lønkvist
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jon Peiter Saunte
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte Aalund Olsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle Hospital, Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, University of Southern Denmark, Vejle Hospital, Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Henrik Vorum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Carina Slidsborg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Tony SK, Hassan MS, Ismail HA, El-Naem GFA, Gazwi HSS. Effect of anthocyanin-rich blackberry juice on endoplasmic reticulum stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27827-z. [PMID: 37280499 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates blackberry juice's effects on glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Fifty Wistar rats were distributed to five groups randomly of ten rats each: Normal control, diabetic control, 9 mL/kg body weight (b.wt) blackberry juice only, blackberry juice plus diabetes, and 500 mg/kg b.wt metformin plus diabetes. A single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg b.wt STZ induced diabetes in the rats. This animal study continued for 56 days after the confirmation of diabetes. The levels of liver function and renal function, as well as insulin, glucose-6-phosphatase, glucokinase, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were determined. Additionally, interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and activated transcription factor 4 (ATF4) expressions were examined in the liver homogenate of rats. Furthermore, the liver tissues were utilized for histopathological examination. The results showed that blackberry juice prevented drastic loss of body weight and reduced food consumption in diabetic rats. Additionally, the levels of blood glucose, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), uric acid, creatinine, and urea improved after the administration of blackberry juice in diabetic rats. Blackberry juice significantly increased glucose metabolism and antioxidant status while reducing ER stress and inflammation in diabetic rats. Moreover, blackberry juice improved glucose metabolism by increasing insulin levels and improving the dysregulated activities of glucose-metabolizing enzymes. The microstructure of liver tissues in diabetic rats was also improved with blackberry juice treatment. Therefore, blackberry juice has the potential to alleviate diabetes in rats and could be considered as a functional food for people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sallam K Tony
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Sh Hassan
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Hamadi A Ismail
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Gamal F Abd El-Naem
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Hanaa S S Gazwi
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
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Reppo I, Jakobson M, Volke V. Effects of Semaglutide and Empagliflozin on Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065714. [PMID: 36982786 PMCID: PMC10054691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation is associated with complications of type 2 diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors have shown cardioprotective effects that are independent of their glucose-lowering effects. Cardio-protection could be mediated by the anti-inflammatory effects of these medications, but there is currently limited evidence to support this hypothesis. We conducted a prospective clinical study in patients with type 2 diabetes requiring treatment intensification. Ten patients were assigned to receive empagliflozin 10 mg and 10 patients to receive s/c semaglutide (titrated to 1 mg once a week) in a non-randomised manner. All parameters were measured at baseline and after 3 months. Fasting plasma glucose and glycated haemoglobin improved significantly in both treatment groups, with no between-group differences. Body weight and body mass index reduced significantly more in the semaglutide group, whereas waist circumference decreased only in the empagliflozin group. There was a trend for high-sensitivity CRP reduction in both treatment groups that did not reach statistical significance. Interleukin-6 and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio did not change in either group. Ferritin and uric acid decreased significantly only in the empagliflozin group, and ceruloplasmin decreased significantly only in the semaglutide group. Though there were clinically meaningful improvements in diabetes control in both treatment arms, we could detect only minor changes in some inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Reppo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Endocrinology Unit, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maili Jakobson
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Volke
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Endocrinology Unit, Tartu University Hospital, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Correspondence:
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Luo H, Wu P, Chen X, Wang B, Chen G, Su X. Novel insights into the relationship between α-1 anti-trypsin with the pathological development of cardio-metabolic disorders. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109077. [PMID: 35907338 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
According to the previous studies, chronic low-grade systemic inflammatory response has been shown to be significantly associated with the pathological development of cardio-metabolic disorder diseases, including atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). On the other hand, auto-immunity process could also facilitate the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus importantly. Concerning on this notion, the anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategy is demonstrated to embrace an essential function in those cardio-metabolic disorders in clinical practice. The α-1 anti-trypsin, also named Serpin-A1 and as an acute phase endogenous protein, has been verified to have several modulatory effects such as anti-inflammatory response, anti-apoptosis, and immunomodulatory functions. In addition, it is also used for therapeutic strategy of a rare genetic disease caused by the deficiency of α-1 anti-trypsin. Recent emerging evidence has indicated that the serum concentrations of α-1 anti-trypsin levels and its biological activity are significantly changed in those inflammatory and immune related cardio-metabolic disorder diseases. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism is still not elucidated. In the current review, the basic experiments and clinical trials which provided the evidence revealing the potential therapeutic function of the α-1 anti-trypsin in cardio-metabolic disorder diseases were well-summarized. Furthermore, the results which indicated that the α-1 anti-trypsin presented the possibility as a novel serum biomarker in humans to predict those cardio-metabolic disorder diseases were also elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizhen Luo
- Department of Cardiology, the Fuding Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding, Fujian, China
| | - Penglong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the Fuding Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding, Fujian, China.
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Speelman T, Dale L, Louw A, Verhoog NJD. The Association of Acute Phase Proteins in Stress and Inflammation-Induced T2D. Cells 2022; 11:2163. [PMID: 35883605 PMCID: PMC9321356 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute phase proteins (APPs), such as plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), serum amyloid A (SAA), and C-reactive protein (CRP), are elevated in type-2 diabetes (T2D) and are routinely used as biomarkers for this disease. These APPs are regulated by the peripheral mediators of stress (i.e., endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs)) and inflammation (i.e., pro-inflammatory cytokines), with both implicated in the development of insulin resistance, the main risk factor for the development of T2D. In this review we propose that APPs, PAI-1, SAA, and CRP, could be the causative rather than only a correlative link between the physiological elements of risk (stress and inflammation) and the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicolette J. D. Verhoog
- Biochemistry Department, Stellenbosch University, Van der Byl Street, Stellenbosch 7200, South Africa; (T.S.); (L.D.); (A.L.)
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Zhang X, Ostrov DA, Tian H. Alpha-1 antitrypsin: A novel biomarker and potential therapeutic approach for metabolic diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 534:71-76. [PMID: 35810800 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It is well recognized that chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and autoimmunity contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, its associated diseases (e.g. type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and type 1 diabetes, respectively. Consequently, anti-inflammatory agents might play a role in managing these immune associated metabolic diseases. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), an endogenous acute phase protein being used for treatment of AAT deficiency (a rare genetic disease), has multiple functions including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-apoptosis and cytoprotective effects. In this review, we summarized basic and clinical studies that reported potential therapeutic role of AAT in metabolic syndrome associated diseases and type 1 diabetes. Studies that demonstrated AAT had the possibility to be used as a novel biomarker to predict these immune associated metabolic diseases were also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - David A Ostrov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Haoming Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Zaigham S, Tanash H, Nilsson PM, Muhammad IF. Triglyceride-Glucose Index is a Risk Marker of Incident COPD Events in Women. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:1393-1401. [PMID: 35746923 PMCID: PMC9212790 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s360793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) is a marker of insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction and has the advantage of being universally available. Although recent evidence suggests the TyG index has relevance to respiratory health, there have been no prospective studies assessing its value as a biomarker for chronic lung diseases. We aim to assess the TyG index as a potential risk marker for future incident COPD events in the general population. Patients and Methods Baseline TyG index was assessed in 28,282 middle-aged men and women without previous history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) from the Malmö Preventive Project (men between 1974 and 1982 and women between 1982 and 1992). All subjects were followed up prospectively, and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess incident COPD events according to quartiles of TyG index. Results After an average of 31 years of follow-up, TyG index was a strong predictor of future COPD events even after adjusting for potential confounders (Q4 (highest TyG index) HR (95% CI): 1.21 (1.09–1.35) vs Q1 (reference), p-trend <0.001). After stratifying by sex, the results remained statistically significant in women only (Q4 vs Q1 HR 1.72 (1.41–2.09)). Additionally, the risk remained significant in a cohort of life-long never smokers (Q4 vs Q1 HR 1.47 (1.08–2.01)). Conclusion A raised TyG index is a novel risk marker of future incident COPD events in women. Insulin resistance as reflected by the TyG index can precede the development of obstructive lung disease and as such may be an easily measurable and useful predictor of COPD in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneela Zaigham
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Hanan Tanash
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Iram F Muhammad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Azzouz M, Xu Y, Barregard L, Fagerberg B, Zöller B, Molnár P, Oudin A, Spanne M, Engström G, Stockfelt L. Air pollution and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and inflammation in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. Environ Health 2022; 21:39. [PMID: 35413834 PMCID: PMC9004064 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00851-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Air pollution is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, possibly through chronic systemic inflammation that promotes the progression of atherosclerosis and the risk of cardiovascular events. This study aimed to investigate the associations between air pollution and established biomarkers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease. METHODS The Cardiovascular Subcohort of the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort includes 6103 participants from the general population of Malmö, Sweden. The participants were recruited 1991-1994. Annual mean residential exposure to particulate matter < 2.5 and < 10 μm (PM2.5 and PM10), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) at year of recruitment were assigned from dispersion models. Blood samples collected at recruitment, including blood cell counts, and biomarkers (lymphocyte- and neutrophil counts, C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), ceruloplasmin, orosomucoid, haptoglobin, complement-C3, and alpha-1-antitrypsin) were analyzed. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the cross-sectional associations between air pollutants and biomarkers. RESULTS The mean annual exposure levels in the cohort were only slightly or moderately above the new WHO guidelines of 5 μg/m3 PM2.5 (10.5 μg/m3 PM2.5). Residential PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased levels of ceruloplasmin, orosomucoid, C3, alpha-1-antitrypsin, haptoglobin, Lp-PLA2 and the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. Ceruloplasmin, orosomucoid, C3 and alpha-1-antitrypsin were also positively associated with PM10. There were no associations between air pollutants and suPAR, leukocyte counts or CRP. The associations between particles and biomarkers were still significant after removing outliers and adjustment for CRP levels. The associations were more prominent in smokers. CONCLUSION Long-term residential exposure to moderate levels of particulate air pollution was associated with several biomarkers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease. This supports inflammation as a mechanism behind the association between air pollution and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehjar Azzouz
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Yiyi Xu
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Barregard
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Fagerberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bengt Zöller
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Molnár
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Oudin
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department for Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mårten Spanne
- Environment Department, City of Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, CRC, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leo Stockfelt
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Drake I, Fryk E, Strindberg L, Lundqvist A, Rosengren AH, Groop L, Ahlqvist E, Borén J, Orho-Melander M, Jansson PA. The role of circulating galectin-1 in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease: evidence from cross-sectional, longitudinal and Mendelian randomisation analyses. Diabetologia 2022; 65:128-139. [PMID: 34743218 PMCID: PMC8660752 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Galectin-1 modulates inflammation and angiogenesis, and cross-sectional studies indicate that galectin-1 may be a uniting factor between obesity, type 2 diabetes and kidney function. We examined whether circulating galectin-1 can predict incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes in a middle-aged population, and if Mendelian randomisation (MR) can provide evidence for causal direction of effects. METHODS Participants (n = 4022; 58.6% women) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study-Cardiovascular Cohort enrolled between 1991 and 1994 (mean age 57.6 years) were examined. eGFR was calculated at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 16.6 ± 1.5 years. Diabetes status was ascertained through registry linkage (mean follow-up of 18.4 ± 6.1 years). The associations of baseline galectin-1 with incident CKD and type 2 diabetes were assessed with Cox regression, adjusting for established risk factors. In addition, a genome-wide association study on galectin-1 was performed to identify genetic instruments for two-sample MR analyses utilising the genetic associations obtained from the Chronic Kidney Disease Genetics (CKDGen) Consortium (41,395 cases and 439,303 controls) and the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM) consortium (74,124 cases and 824,006 controls). One genome-wide significant locus in the galectin-1 gene region was identified (sentinel SNP rs7285699; p = 2.4 × 10-11). The association between galectin-1 and eGFR was also examined in individuals with newly diagnosed diabetes from the All New Diabetics In Scania (ANDIS) cohort. RESULTS Galectin-1 was strongly associated with lower eGFR at baseline (p = 2.3 × 10-89) but not with incident CKD. However, galectin-1 was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes (per SD increase, HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.02, 1.24). Two-sample MR analyses could not ascertain a causal effect of galectin-1 on CKD (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.82, 1.02) or type 2 diabetes (OR 1.05; 95% CI 0.98, 1.14) in a general population. However, in individuals with type 2 diabetes from ANDIS who belonged to the severe insulin-resistant diabetes subgroup and were at high risk of diabetic nephropathy, genetically elevated galectin-1 was significantly associated with higher eGFR (p = 5.7 × 10-3). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Galectin-1 is strongly associated with lower kidney function in cross-sectional analyses, and two-sample MR analyses suggest a causal protective effect on kidney function among individuals with type 2 diabetes at high risk of diabetic nephropathy. Future studies are needed to explore the mechanisms by which galectin-1 affects kidney function and whether it could be a useful target among individuals with type 2 diabetes for renal improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Drake
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emanuel Fryk
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Strindberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Annika Lundqvist
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders H Rosengren
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Jansson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Muhammad IF, Borné Y, Zaigham S, Söderholm M, Johnson L, Persson M, Melander O, Engström G. Comparison of risk factors for ischemic stroke and coronary events in a population-based cohort. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:536. [PMID: 34772344 PMCID: PMC8588679 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02344-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although coronary events (CE) and ischemic stroke share many risk factors, there are also some important differences. The aim of this paper was to assess the association of risk factors in relation to incident CE and ischemic stroke and to evaluate the heterogeneity in patterns of risk factors between the two outcomes. METHOD Traditional risk factors and inflammatory markers associated with coronary events and ischemic stroke were measured in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort (MDCS, n = 26 519), where a total of 2270 incident ischemic stroke and 3087 incident CE occurred during a mean follow up time 19 ± 6 years, and in relation to inflammatory markers in the cardiovascular sub-cohort (MDC-CV, n = 4795). Cox regression analysis was used to obtain hazard ratios. A modified Lunn-McNeil competing risk analysis was conducted to assess the significance of any differences in risk profiles of these outcomes. RESULTS Most cardiovascular risk factors were associated both with incident CE and ischemic stroke. However, current smoking, ApoB, low ApoA1, male sex and education level of ≤ 9 years of schooling were preferentially associated with CE compared to ischemic stroke. Conversely, age showed a stronger association with ischemic stroke than with CE. CONCLUSION CE and ischemic stroke have broadly similar risk factors profiles. However, there are some important differential associations, as well as substantial differences in the magnitude of the association. These could reflect the distinct biology of atherogenesis in different vascular beds. The difference in the determinants highlights the importance of looking at CE and ischemic stroke, two manifestations of cardiovascular disease, separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Faqir Muhammad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Yan Borné
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Suneela Zaigham
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Martin Söderholm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.,Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Linda Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.,Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Margaretha Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.,Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
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12
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Obafemi TO, Jaiyesimi KF, Olomola AA, Olasehinde OR, Olaoye OA, Adewumi FD, Afolabi BA, Adewale OB, Akintayo CO, Ojo OA. Combined effect of metformin and gallic acid on inflammation, antioxidant status, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and glucose metabolism in fructose-fed streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1419-1427. [PMID: 34345595 PMCID: PMC8319514 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin, gallic acid and a combination of both improved glucose metabolism and antioxidant status in diabetic rats. Metformin, gallic acid and a combination of both lowered levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. Metformin, gallic acid and a combination of both decreased the expression of ATF4 in liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. Metformin/GA combination appeared more effective than metformin only and gallic acid only.
Over time, diabetes patients usually need combination therapy involving two or more agents, including phytonutrients to attain therapeutic targets. The purpose of this research is to elucidate the combined effect of metformin and gallic acid (GA) on glucose metabolism, inflammation as well as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses in fructose-fed diabetic rats. Thirty-five rats of Wistar strain were arbitrarily distributed into five groups, each containing seven animals as follows: normal control, diabetic control, groups administered 100 mg/kg bw metformin only, 50 mg/kg bw gallic acid only and a combination of both. Experimental animals were made diabetic by single injection of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (intraperitoneally) subsequent to 14 days administration of 10 % fructose prior. Treatment of rats continued for 21 days following diabetes confirmation. Glucose and insulin levels as well as lipid profile were evaluated in the serum, while activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were estimated in both liver and pancreas. In addition, levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as expression of activating transcription factor-4 were evaluated in liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. Activities of glucose-6-phosphatase and glucokinase were also determined in liver of diabetic animals. Metformin only, GA only and combination of metformin and GA significantly improved antioxidant status and glucose homeostasis while inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress were significantly ameliorated in diabetic rats. Metformin/GA combination appeared to improve glucose metabolism by increasing insulin level and ameliorating the dysregulated activities of glucose metabolizing enzymes and ER stress better than either metformin only or GA only. It could be concluded that coadministration of metformin/GA produced a combined effect in ameliorating diabetes in Wistar rats and could be considered in treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajudeen O Obafemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Kikelomo F Jaiyesimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Adenike A Olomola
- Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun R Olasehinde
- Medical Biochemistry Unit, College of Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Oyindamola A Olaoye
- Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Funmilayo D Adewumi
- Industrial Chemistry Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Olusola B Adewale
- Department of Biochemistry, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - Oluwafemi A Ojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, PMB 1001, Omu-aran, Nigeria
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13
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Tsuboi A, Kitaoka K, Yano M, Takeuchi M, Minato-Inokawa S, Honda M, Kurata M, Wu B, Kazumi T, Fukuo K. Higher circulating orosomucoid, an acute-phase protein, and reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion in middle-aged Japanese people with prediabetes. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/2/e001392. [PMID: 33115817 PMCID: PMC7594205 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circulating orosomucoid, an acute-phase protein, predicted type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in several Western countries. Here, we assessed serum orosomucoid (ORM) in relation to prediabetes in the Japanese. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants consisted of 83 middle-aged Japanese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 37 with prediabetes and 4 with newly identified diabetes, whose homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) averaged 1.1±0.7, 1.4±0.9 and 1.7±0.8, respectively. Body composition, serum inflammatory markers, adiponectin, β-cell function and insulin resistance inferred from serum insulin kinetics during an oral glucose tolerance test were compared cross-sectionally between those with prediabetes and NGT. RESULTS Serum orosomucoid, but not high-sensitivity C reactive protein, was elevated in prediabetes (190±29 vs 141±31 mg/dL) with further elevation in diabetes (295±52 mg/dL) (all p<0.001). Prediabetes was associated with lower Oral Disposition Index (the product of the Insulinogenic Index and Matsuda Index) with further depression in diabetes. No association was found with skeletal muscle mass, HOMA-IR, serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS Higher circulating ORM and reduced glucose induced insulin secretion were found in middle-aged Japanese people with prediabetes in the absence of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Tsuboi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Megumu Yano
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Mika Takeuchi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Satomi Minato-Inokawa
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Laboratory of Community Health and Nutrition, Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Mari Honda
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Department of Health, Sports, and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Miki Kurata
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Bin Wu
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tsutomu Kazumi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kohnan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Mukogawa Joshi Daigaku, Nishinomiya, Japan
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14
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Tsuboi A, Kitaoka K, Yano M, Takeuchi M, Minato S, Kurata M, Yoshino G, Wu B, Kazumi T, Fukuo K. Higher circulating orosomucoid and lower early-phase insulin secretion in midlife Japanese with slower glucose disposal during oral glucose tolerance tests. Diabetol Int 2020; 11:27-32. [PMID: 31950001 DOI: 10.1007/s13340-019-00398-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective We examined whether serum orosomucoid, an acute phase protein as with C-reactive protein, in addition to insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction, was involved in glucose disposal during oral glucose tolerance tests. Research design and methods 124 midlife Japanese (65 women, 66% with normal glucose tolerance) received dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and 75 g oral glucose tolerance tests with multiple postload glucose and insulin measurements. Subjects were divided based on the relationship between postload and fasting glucose. Obesity measures, insulin resistance, insulin secretion, serum orosomucoid and adiponectin were cross-sectionally analyzed by analysis of variance and then Bonferroni's multiple comparison procedure. Results In 10 subjects (group A) and 19 subjects (group B), postload glucose fell below fasting glucose at 1 h and 2 h, respectively. In the remaining 95 subjects (group C), postload glucose never fell below fasting glucose. The insulinogenic index was lower and area under the glucose curve was higher in groups B and C as compared to group A (both p<0.05), whereas the Matsuda index, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, adipose insulin resistance (the product of fasting free fatty acid and insulin) and area under the insulin curve did not differ. Although there was no difference in fat mass index, trunk/leg fat ratio and adiponectin, orosomucoid was higher in group C as compared to group A (p<0.05). Conclusions Lower early-phase insulin secretion and low-grade inflammation were associated with slower glucose disposal during an oral glucose tolerance test in midlife Japanese. The rate of glucose disposal was not related to adiposity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Tsuboi
- 1Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, NishinomiyaNishinomiya, 663-8558 Hyogo Japan.,Department of Nutrition, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- 1Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, NishinomiyaNishinomiya, 663-8558 Hyogo Japan.,3Department of Nutritional Sciences for Well-Being, Faculty of Health Sciences for Welfare, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Kashiwara, Osaka Japan
| | - Megumu Yano
- 1Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, NishinomiyaNishinomiya, 663-8558 Hyogo Japan
| | - Mika Takeuchi
- 1Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, NishinomiyaNishinomiya, 663-8558 Hyogo Japan.,4Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satomi Minato
- 1Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, NishinomiyaNishinomiya, 663-8558 Hyogo Japan.,5Graduate School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo Japan
| | - Miki Kurata
- 1Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, NishinomiyaNishinomiya, 663-8558 Hyogo Japan.,6Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
| | - Gen Yoshino
- Diabetes Center, Shinsuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo Japan
| | - Bin Wu
- 8Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan.,9Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Tsutomu Kazumi
- 1Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, NishinomiyaNishinomiya, 663-8558 Hyogo Japan.,Department of Medicine, Kohnan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Hyogo Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- 1Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 6-46, Ikebiraki-cho, NishinomiyaNishinomiya, 663-8558 Hyogo Japan.,6Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo Japan
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15
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Burkhardt NB, Röll S, Staudt A, Elleder D, Härtle S, Costa T, Alber A, Stevens MP, Vervelde L, Schusser B, Kaspers B. The Long Pentraxin PTX3 Is of Major Importance Among Acute Phase Proteins in Chickens. Front Immunol 2019; 10:124. [PMID: 30774632 PMCID: PMC6367253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression level of acute phase proteins (APPs) mirrors the health status of an individual. In human medicine, C-reactive protein (CRP), and other members of the pentraxin family are of significant relevance for assessing disease severity and prognosis. In chickens, however, which represent the most common livestock species around the world, no such marker has yet gained general acceptance. The aim of this study was therefore, to characterize chicken pentraxin 3 (chPTX3) and to evaluate its applicability as a general marker for inflammatory conditions. The mammalian and chicken PTX3 proteins were predicted to be similar in sequence, domain organization and polymeric structure. Nevertheless, some characteristics like certain sequence sections, which have varied during the evolution of mammals, and species-specific glycosylation patterns, suggest distinct biological functions. ChPTX3 is constitutively expressed in various tissues but, interestingly, could not be found in splenic tissue samples without stimulation. However, upon treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), PTX3 expression in chicken spleens increased to 95-fold within hours. A search for PTX3 reads in various publicly available RNA-seq data sets of chicken spleen and bursa of Fabricius also showed that PTX3 expression increases within days after experimental infection with viral and bacterial pathogens. An experimental infection with avian pathogenic E.coli and qPCR analysis of spleen samples further established a challenge dose-dependent significant up-regulation of chPTX3 in subclinically infected birds of up to over 150-fold as compared to untreated controls. Our results indicate the potential of chPTX3 as an APP marker to monitor inflammatory conditions in poultry flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina B. Burkhardt
- Department for Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Röll
- Department for Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anke Staudt
- Department for Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Elleder
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sonja Härtle
- Department for Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Taiana Costa
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Alber
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P. Stevens
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Schusser
- Reproductive Biotechnology, Technical University of Munich, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernd Kaspers
- Department for Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
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16
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Tsuboi A, Minato S, Yano M, Takeuchi M, Kitaoka K, Kurata M, Yoshino G, Wu B, Kazumi T, Fukuo K. Higher circulating adiponectin and lower orosomucoid were associated with postload glucose ≤70 mg/dL, a possible inverse marker for dysglycemia, in young Japanese women. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019; 7:e000596. [PMID: 30899529 PMCID: PMC6398809 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2018-000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether serum adiponectin and orosomucoid were associated with postload glucose ≤70 mg/dL during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), termed as postload low glycemia, a possible inverse marker for dysglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS 75 g OGTTs were performed with multiple postload glucose and insulin measurements over a 30-120 min period in 168 normal-weight Japanese women (18-24 years). Insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell function inferred from serum insulin kinetics during OGTT, fat mass and distribution by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), serum adiponectin and inflammatory markers were compared cross-sectionally between 39 women with and 129 women without postload low glycemia. RESULTS Of 168 women, 161 had normal glucose tolerance. Women with as compared with those without postload low glycemia had lower fasting and postload glycemia despite similar fasting and postload insulinemia. They had higher insulinogenic index (p=0.03) and lower adipose IR (a product of fasting free fatty acid and insulin, p=0.01), although DXA-derived general and central adiposity, the Matsuda Index and homeostasis model assessment-IR did not differ. In addition, they had higher adiponectin and lower orosomucoid (both p<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that adiponectin (OR: 1.14, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.26, p=0.009) and orosomucoid (0.96, 0.93 to 0.97, p=0.008) were associated with postload low glycemia independently of adipose IR and insulinogenic index. CONCLUSIONS Higher adiponectin and lower orosomucoid were associated with 70 or lower mg/dL of postload glucose, a possible inverse marker for dysglycemia, in young women independently of DXA-derived fat mass and distribution, insulin secretion and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Tsuboi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Osaka City Juso Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satomi Minato
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Graduate School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Megumu Yano
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mika Takeuchi
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitaoka
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences for Well-Being, Faculty of Health Sciences for Welfare, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Kashiwara, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Kurata
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Gen Yoshino
- Diabetes Center, Shinsuma Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Bin Wu
- Open Research Center for Studying of Lifestyle-Related Diseases, Mukogawa Women’s University Diabetes Division, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tsutomu Kazumi
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kohnan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fukuo
- Research Institute for Nutrition Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, School of Human Environmental Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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17
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Bao X, Borné Y, Johnson L, Muhammad IF, Persson M, Niu K, Engström G. Comparing the inflammatory profiles for incidence of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases: a prospective study exploring the 'common soil' hypothesis. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:87. [PMID: 29895294 PMCID: PMC5996509 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic low-grade inflammation and associated insulin resistance and metabolic abnormalities have been proposed as ‘common soil’ for diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This paper aimed to investigate the inflammatory profiles of DM and CVD and to distinguish their shared and specific markers. Methods Based on the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort, total and differential leukocyte counts were measured in 25,969 participants without previous DM or CVD and were studied in relation to incident DM (mean follow-up 17.4 ± 5.58 years) and incident CVD (i.e., coronary events, including fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction, or stroke); mean follow-up 17.7 ± 5.46 years, using multivariable Cox regression models. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of another seven inflammatory markers were examined in relation to incident DM and incident CVD in a sub-cohort of 4658 participants. The associations of each inflammatory marker with incident DM versus incident CVD were compared using the Lunn–McNeil competing risks approach. In sensitivity analyses, those who developed both DM and CVD during follow-up were excluded. Results After adjustment for conventional risk factors, total and differential leukocyte counts, orosomucoid, and C-reactive protein were associated with an increased risk of both DM and CVD. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, ceruloplasmin, alpha1-antitrypsin and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor predicted increased risk of CVD but not DM, while haptoglobin and complement C3 showed the opposite pattern. In competing risks analyses, lymphocyte count and complement C3 had stronger associations with risk of DM than with risk of CVD (p for equal associations = 0.020 and 0.006). The reverse was true for neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (p for equal associations = 0.025). Results were consistent in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions The results indicated substantial similarities in the inflammatory profiles associated with DM and CVD. However, there are also significant differences. These findings may help discriminate between individuals at elevated risk of DM and those at elevated risk of CVD, which is a prerequisite for targeted therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12933-018-0733-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Bao
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Yan Borné
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Linda Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Iram Faqir Muhammad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Margaretha Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kaijun Niu
- Nutritional Epidemiology Institute and School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC 60:13, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
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18
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Generation of anti-oligosaccharide antibodies that recognize mammalian glycoproteins by immunization with a novel artificial glycosphingolipid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:983-989. [PMID: 29458022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a new method for the efficient generation of antibodies that recognize the fine structures of oligosaccharides on glycoproteins. We found a newly designed artificial glycosphingolipid carrying a very long chain fatty acid to be a strong immunogen in mice, with the serum of immunized mice containing antibodies recognizing the oligosaccharide structure of the immunogen. First, we found that conjugation of a simple ceramide analogue to target oligosaccharides could enhance the immunogenicity of these oligosaccharides in these immunized mice. This effect was confirmed in mice immunized with the artificial glycosphingolipids carrying 6'-Sialyl-LacNAc, 3'-Sialyl-LacNAc and LacNAc. Next, we tried to improve the immunogenic enhancing effect of the ceramide analogue. In a model experiment using 6'-Sialyl-LacNAc oligosaccharide, we manipulated the alkyl chains to several lengths, and found that a longer alkyl chain length of the fatty acid correlated with high immunogenicity. Among these we examined, artificial glycosphingolipids conjugated with a ceramide analogue carrying a very long chain fatty acid (lignoceric acid) showed the strongest immunogenicity. By using the artificial glycosphingolipid containing 6'-Sialy-LacNAc and lignoceric acid, we succeeded in the generation of a new anti-6'-Sialyl-LacNAc antibody that recognizes 6'-Sialyl-LacNAc carrying glycoproteins but does not bind to 6'-Sialyllactose, asialo-glycoporoteins and glycoproteins carrying 3'-Sialyl-LacNAc. These results indicate that the established technology is valuable for the targeted generation of monoclonal antibodies against glycoproteins containing specific oligosaccharide structures.
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Mattisson IY, Björkbacka H, Wigren M, Edsfeldt A, Melander O, Fredrikson GN, Bengtsson E, Gonçalves I, Orho-Melander M, Engström G, Almgren P, Nilsson J. Elevated Markers of Death Receptor-Activated Apoptosis are Associated with Increased Risk for Development of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. EBioMedicine 2017; 26:187-197. [PMID: 29208468 PMCID: PMC5836474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increased rate of cell death by apoptosis has been implicated in both diabetes and atherosclerosis. Apoptosis can be induced through activation of the death receptors TNF receptor 1 (TNFR-1), TRAIL receptor 2 (TRAILR-2) and Fas. Soluble forms of these receptors are found in plasma. The objective of this study was to determine if soluble death receptors are markers of receptor-activated apoptosis and predict risk for development of diabetes and cardiovascular events. Methods Fas ligand was used to induce apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and INS-1 pancreatic β-cells and release of TNFR-1, TRAILR-2 and Fas measured by ELISA. Proximity Extension Assay was used to analyze plasma levels of TNFR-1, TRAILR-2 and Fas in baseline samples of 4742 subjects in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study and related to development of diabetes and cardiovascular events during 19.2 years of follow-up. Results Activation of apoptosis by Fas ligand was associated with release of soluble Fas, TNFR-1 and TRAILR-2 in both cell types. Circulating levels of all three receptors were higher in subjects with diabetes and correlated with markers of impaired glucose metabolism in non-diabetic subjects. Among the latter, those in the highest tertile of soluble Fas, TNFR-1 and TRAILR-2 had increased risk for development of diabetes and cardiovascular events. These associations became weaker when adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors in Cox regression models, but remained significant for TRAILR-2 with incident diabetes, cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke, and for TNFR-1 with myocardial infarction. Conclusion The present study demonstrates an association between several cardiovascular risk factors and elevated levels of circulating markers of apoptotic cell death. It also shows that subjects with high levels of these biomarkers have increased risk of diabetes and CVD. This implies that soluble death receptors are markers of β-cell and vascular injury and potentially could be used as surrogate markers of therapeutic efficiency in risk factor interventions. •Receptor-activated apoptosis is associated with release of soluble death receptors that act as biomarkers of apoptosis •Several cardiovascular risk factors including markers of impaired glucose metabolism associate with elevated plasma levels of death receptors •Subjects with high plasma levels of death receptors have an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease Atherosclerosis has been proposed to develop in response to chronic arterial injury caused by cardiovascular risk factors. The present study provides clinical evidence for this hypothesis by demonstrating an association between several cardiovascular risk factors and elevated levels of circulating markers of apoptotic cell death and that subjects with high levels of these biomarkers have increased risk of cardiovascular mortality, MI and stroke. These observations point to the possibility that the plasma level of soluble death receptors can be used as surrogate markers of arterial injury and atherosclerotic disease activity in cardiovascular interventions. Finally, our findings imply that soluble death receptors also may serve as biomarkers of the damage caused by metabolic stress to β-cells and risk for development of type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biomarkers/blood
- Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis
- Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus/etiology
- Fas Ligand Protein/pharmacology
- Female
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Genotype
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Receptors, Death Domain/blood
- Receptors, Death Domain/genetics
- Receptors, Death Domain/metabolism
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/blood
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/blood
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Risk Factors
- fas Receptor/blood
- fas Receptor/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Wigren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Andreas Edsfeldt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology - Coronary diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Eva Bengtsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Isabel Gonçalves
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden; Department of Cardiology - Coronary diseases, Skåne University Hospital, Sweden
| | | | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Peter Almgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden.
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Muhammad IF, Borné Y, Östling G, Kennbäck C, Gottsäter M, Persson M, Nilsson PM, Engström G. Acute phase proteins as prospective risk markers for arterial stiffness: The Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181718. [PMID: 28759613 PMCID: PMC5536304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Arterial stiffness plays a significant role in the development and progression of adverse cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. This observational study aims to explore the relationship between six acute phase proteins namely, ceruloplasmin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, orosomucoid, haptoglobin, complement C3 and C-reactive protein (CRP), and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c-f PWV) in a population-based cohort, and to also explore the effect of low-grade inflammation on the relationship between diabetes and c-f PWV. METHOD The study consisted of participants from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study with data from baseline examinations (1991-1994) and follow-up examinations (2007-2012). Arterial stiffness was measured at follow-up by determining c-f PWV. After excluding participants with missing data, the total study population included 2338 subjects. General linear models were used to assess the relationship between baseline acute phase proteins and c-f PWV. RESULTS After adjusting for traditional risk factors the participants in the 4th quartile vs 1st quartile of alpha-1-antitrypsin (geometric mean: 10.32 m/s vs 10.04 m/s) (p<0.05), C3 (10.35 m/s vs 10.06 m/s) (p<0.05) and CRP (10.37 m/s vs 9.96 m/s) (p<0.001) showed significant association with c-f PWV. Diabetes at follow-up was also associated with high c-f PWV, however, this relationship was independent of low grade inflammation. CONCLUSION Alpha-1-antitrypsin, C3 and CRP are associated with arterial stiffness. The results indicate that low grade inflammation is associated with arterial stiffness in addition to established cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Borné
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gerd Östling
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Mikael Gottsäter
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Margaretha Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter M. Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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