1
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Liang R, Dong J, Li J, Jin H, Wei M, Bai T, Ren W, Xu Y, He B, Suo Z. DNAzyme-driven bipedal DNA walker and catalytic hairpin assembly multistage signal amplified electrochemical biosensor based on porous AuNPs@Zr-MOF for detection of Pb 2. Food Chem 2024; 435:137503. [PMID: 37778262 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
As a highly toxic and refractory heavy metal contaminant, Pb2+ seriously endangers human health. The problems of low sensitivity and high cost of signal labeling widely exist in common electrochemical biosensors. Herein, a Pb2+ electrochemical biosensor was constructed using a DNAzyme-driven bipedal DNA Walker and catalytic hairpin assembly as the multistage signal amplification strategy. Compared with Zr-MOF, AuNPs@Zr-MOF has a larger porosity and specific surface area, which can effectively load MB to amplify the current signal. Pb2+ can trigger a dual signal amplification reaction to gradually accumulate the signal of methylene blue/gold nanoparticle @ zirconium-based metal organic frameworks (MB/AuNPs@Zr-MOF) on the electrode. The ingeniously designed sensing strategy realized the analysis of Pb2+ with a wide linear range from 0.05 to 1000 nmol/L and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 4.65 pmol/L. In addition, the sensor has strong anti-interference ability and can accurately detect Pb2+ in various food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jie Dong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huali Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Min Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Tian Bai
- Henan Province Food Inspection Research Institute, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yiwei Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Baoshan He
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhiguang Suo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Cereal and Oil Food Safety Inspection and Control, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Yang Y, Gao F, Liang Y, Guo L, Pan Y, Cao P, Zhang Y. Target-Responsive DNA Nanoclaw for the On-Site Identification of Chinese Medicines with Naked Eye. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10580-10589. [PMID: 38364286 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The identification of Chinese medicinal herbs occupies a crucial part in the development of the food and drug market. Although molecular identification based on real-time PCR offers good versatility and uniform digital standards compared with traditional methods, such as morphology, the dependence on large-scale equipment hinders spot detection and marketable applications. In this study, we developed a DNA nanoclaw for colorimetric detection and visible on-site identification of Chinese medicines. When specific miRNA is present, the DNAzyme is activated and cleaves the substrate strand, triggering the catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) reaction and forming branched DNA junctions on AuNP-I. This can then capture AuNP-II through hybridization and facilitate their aggregation, resulting in a noticeable color change that is observable to the naked eye. By harnessing the dual amplification of DNAzyme and CHA, this highly sensitive nanoprobe successfully achieved specific identification of Chinese medicines. This offers a new perspective for on-site testing in the herbal market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lichao Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yang Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Cao
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou Peoples Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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3
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Chen J, Chen M, Tong H, Wu F, Liu Y, Liu C. Fluorescence biosensor for ultrasensitive detection of the available lead based on target biorecognition-induced DNA cyclic assembly. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167253. [PMID: 37741398 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescence biosensor was developed for the ultrasensitive detection of the available lead in soil samples by coupling with DNAzyme and hairpin DNA cyclic assembly. The biorecognition between lead and 8-17 DNAzyme will cleave the substrate strands (DNA2) and release the trigger DNA (T), which can be used to initiate the DNA assembly reactions among the hairpins (H1, H2, and H3). The formed Y-shaped sensing scaffold (H1-H2-H3) contains active Mg2+-DNAyzmes at three directions. In the presence of Mg2+, the BHQ and FAM modified H4 will be cleaved by the Mg2+-DNAyzme to generate a high fluorescence signal for lead monitoring. The linear range of the fluorescence biosensor is from 1 pM to 100 nM and the detection limit is 0.2 pM. The biosensor also exhibited high selectivity and the nontarget competing heavy metals did not interfere with the detection results. Compare with the traditional method (DTPA+ICP-MS) for the available lead detection, the relative error (Re) is in the range from -8.3 % to 9.5 %. The results indicated that our constructed fluorescence biosensor is robust, accurate, and reliable, and can be applied directly to the detection of the available lead in soil samples without complex extraction steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Manjia Chen
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Hui Tong
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Fei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Yizhang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Chengshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China.
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4
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Li XL, Jiang H, Zhao L, Song TS, Xie JJ. Self-powered DNA nanomachines for fluorescence detection of lead. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:99. [PMID: 36809414 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05673-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
A versatile DNA nanomachine detection system has been developed via the combination of DNAzyme with catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) technology for achieving accurate and sensitive detection of lead ions (Pb2+). In the presence of target Pb2+, capture DNA nanomachine formed by AuNP and DNAzyme recognized and reacted with Pb2+, which yielded an "active" DNAzyme, that induced the cleavage of substrate strand, and then released the initiator DNA (TT) for CHA. With the help of the initiator DNA TT, self-powered CHA was activated to achieve the signal amplification reaction in the detection of DNA nanomachine. Meanwhile, the initiator DNA TT was released and hybridized with the other H1 strand to initiate another CHA, replacement, and turnovers, producing enhanced fluorescence signal of fluorophore FAM (excitation 490 nm/emission 520 nm) for sensitive determination of Pb2+. Under the optimized conditions, the DNA nanomachine detection system revealed high selectivity toward Pb2+ in the concentration range 50-600 pM, with the limit of detection (LOD) of 31 pM. Recovery tests demonstrated that the DNA nanomachine detection system has excellent detection capability in real samples. Therefore, the proposed strategy can be extended and act as a basic platform for highly accurate and sensitive detection of various heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Shun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Jing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
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Fakhr MH, Beshchasna N, Balakin S, Carrasco IL, Heitbrink A, Göhler F, Rösch N, Opitz J. Cleaning of LTCC, PEN, and PCB Au electrodes towards reliable electrochemical measurements. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20431. [PMID: 36443326 PMCID: PMC9705539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface cleaning of the working electrode has a key role in improved electrochemical and physicochemical properties of the biosensors. Herein, chemical oxidation in piranha, chemical cleaning in potassium hydroxide-hydrogen peroxide, combined (electro-) chemical alkaline treatment, and potential cycling in sulfuric acid were applied to gold finish electrode surfaces deposited onto three different substrates; low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polyimide (PI), using three different deposition technologies; screen printing, inkjet printing, and electroplating (printed circuit board technology, PCB) accordingly. The effects of the (electro-) chemical treatments on the gold content and electrochemical responses of LTCC, PEN, and PCB applicable for aptamer-based sensors are discussed. In order to assess the gold surface and to compare the efficiency of the respective cleaning procedures; cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed. LTCC sensors electrochemically cycled in sulfuric acid resulted in the most gold content on the electrode surface, the lowest peak potential difference, and the highest charge transfer ability. While, for PEN, the highest elemental gold and the lowest peak-to-peak separation were achieved by a combined (electro-) chemical alkaline treatment. Gold content and electrochemical characteristics on the PCB surface with extremely thin gold layer could be slightly optimized with the chemical cleaning in KOH + H2O2. The proposed cleaning procedures might be generally applied to various kinds of Au electrodes fabricated with the same conditions comparable with those are introduced in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahan Hosseinzadeh Fakhr
- grid.461622.50000 0001 2034 8950Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, 01109 Dresden, Germany ,grid.6810.f0000 0001 2294 5505Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Natalia Beshchasna
- grid.461622.50000 0001 2034 8950Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sascha Balakin
- grid.461622.50000 0001 2034 8950Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, 01109 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ivan Lopez Carrasco
- grid.461622.50000 0001 2034 8950Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, 01109 Dresden, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials (MBC), Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Heitbrink
- grid.461622.50000 0001 2034 8950Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, 01109 Dresden, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials (MBC), Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany ,InnoME GmbH, 32339 Espelkamp, Germany
| | - Fabian Göhler
- grid.6810.f0000 0001 2294 5505Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Niels Rösch
- grid.6810.f0000 0001 2294 5505Institute of Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Joerg Opitz
- grid.461622.50000 0001 2034 8950Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, 01109 Dresden, Germany ,grid.4488.00000 0001 2111 7257Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials (MBC), Technical University of Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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6
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Sun H, Liu Z, Li Z, Ma X, Duan Z, Sun C. Label-Free Fluorescent Determination of Lead (II) Using DNAzyme and Thiazole Orange. ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2143793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjing Sun
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyue Ma
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zixuan Duan
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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7
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Liu Y, Zhu P, Huang J, He H, Ma C, Wang K. Integrating DNA nanostructures with DNAzymes for biosensing, bioimaging and cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Recent development and application of ratiometric electrochemical biosensor. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Yaraki MT, Zahed Nasab S, Zare I, Dahri M, Moein Sadeghi M, Koohi M, Tan YN. Biomimetic Metallic Nanostructures for Biomedical Applications, Catalysis, and Beyond. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shima Zahed Nasab
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 143951561, Iran
| | - Iman Zare
- Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies Co. Ltd., Shiraz 7178795844, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dahri
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moein Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran
| | - Maedeh Koohi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Yen Nee Tan
- Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
- Newcastle Research and Innovation Institute, Newcastle University in Singapore, 80 Jurong East Street 21, No. 05-04, 609607, Singapore
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10
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Duan N, Li C, Song M, Wang Z, Zhu C, Wu S. Signal amplification of SiO 2 nanoparticle loaded horseradish peroxidase for colorimetric detection of lead ions in water. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 265:120342. [PMID: 34492513 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we developed an aptamer-based optical assay for the analysis of Pb2+, a hazardous heavy metal that may be present in the food chain and harmful to human health. An aptamer targeted against Pb2+ was immobilized onto the microplate as the capture probe. SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized and used as carriers of the signaling horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to achieve amplification of the optical signal. Complementary DNA (cDNA) of the aptamer was also linked to the above mentioned SiO2 nanoparticle (NPs) as the signal probe. The aptamers were found to be able to capture Pb2+, and the unbound aptamers were subsequently hybridized with cDNA-HRP-SiO2 conjugates. As a result, the addition of TMB-H2O2 promoted the formation of blue products in the catalytic system. The assay adopting SiO2 NPs as an enhancer resulted in higher sensitivity with an LOD of 2.5 nM compared to normal procedures. The feasibility of the aptamer-based colorimetric assay was verified by successful detection of Pb2+ in water samples with recoveries in the range of 97.4-103.52%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Changxin Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingqian Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Changqing Zhu
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China.
| | - Shijia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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11
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Highly Sensitive and Selective Copper (II)-Catalyzed Dual-DNAzyme Colorimetric Biosensor Based on Exonuclease III-Mediated Cyclical Assembly. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
“Cu-DNAzyme” and “G4-DNAzyme” were used to develop a “turn-off” dual-DNAzyme colorimetric biosensor, which could be used to detect Cu2+ by employing exonuclease III-mediated cyclical assembly (EMCA). EMCA was based on the cleavage activity of Cu2+ to transfer the linkage sequences of the substrate strand and enzyme strand into the transition sequence. The horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mimicking activity of the G4-DNAzyme was lost after binding with the complementary transition sequence and was hydrolyzed by Exo III. These results demonstrate that the proposed colorimetric biosensor was an effective method for ultradetection of trace metals in a high original signal background. Due to the high sensitivity of the biosensor, the limit of detection (LOD) of Cu2+ is 0.16 nM. This design offers a general purpose platform that could be applied for the detection of any metal ion target through adjustment of metal-dependent DNA-cleaving DNAzymes, which is of great significance for the rapid determination of food safety.
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12
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Khan S, Burciu B, Filipe CDM, Li Y, Dellinger K, Didar TF. DNAzyme-Based Biosensors: Immobilization Strategies, Applications, and Future Prospective. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13943-13969. [PMID: 34524790 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery almost three decades ago, DNAzymes have been used extensively in biosensing. Depending on the type of DNAzyme being used, these functional oligonucleotides can act as molecular recognition elements within biosensors, offering high specificity to their target analyte, or as reporters capable of transducing a detectable signal. Several parameters need to be considered when designing a DNAzyme-based biosensor. In particular, given that many of these biosensors immobilize DNAzymes onto a sensing surface, selecting an appropriate immobilization strategy is vital. Suboptimal immobilization can result in both DNAzyme detachment and poor accessibility toward the target, leading to low sensing accuracy and sensitivity. Various approaches have been employed for DNAzyme immobilization within biosensors, ranging from amine and thiol-based covalent attachment to non-covalent strategies involving biotin-streptavidin interactions, DNA hybridization, electrostatic interactions, and physical entrapment. While the properties of each strategy inform its applicability within a proposed sensor, the selection of an appropriate strategy is largely dependent on the desired application. This is especially true given the diverse use of DNAzyme-based biosensors for the detection of pathogens, metal ions, and clinical biomarkers. In an effort to make the development of such sensors easier to navigate, this paper provides a comprehensive review of existing immobilization strategies, with a focus on their respective advantages, drawbacks, and optimal conditions for use. Next, common applications of existing DNAzyme-based biosensors are discussed. Last, emerging and future trends in the development of DNAzyme-based biosensors are discussed, and gaps in existing research worthy of exploration are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadman Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Brenda Burciu
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Boulevard, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Carlos D M Filipe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yingfu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Kristen Dellinger
- Department of Nanoengineering, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina A&T State University, 2907 East Gate City Boulevard, Greensboro, North Carolina 27401, United States
| | - Tohid F Didar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
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13
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Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review of biosensing with DNAzymes, providing an overview of different sensing applications while highlighting major progress and seminal contributions to the field of portable biosensor devices and point-of-care diagnostics. Specifically, the field of functional nucleic acids is introduced, with a specific focus on DNAzymes. The incorporation of DNAzymes into bioassays is then described, followed by a detailed overview of recent advances in the development of in vivo sensing platforms and portable sensors incorporating DNAzymes for molecular recognition. Finally, a critical perspective on the field, and a summary of where DNAzyme-based devices may make the biggest impact are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M McConnell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.
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14
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Target-swiped DNA lock for electrochemical sensing of miRNAs based on DNAzyme-assisted primer-generation amplification. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:255. [PMID: 34264390 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
As an extremely important post-transcriptional regulator, miRNAs are involved in a variety of crucial biological processes, and the abnormal expressions of miRNAs are closely related to a variety of diseases. In this work, for the first time, we designed a nucleic acid lock nanostructure for specific detection of miRNA-21, which changes the self-structure to "active conformation" by binding the target, in order to generate triggers to initiate the subsequent reaction. Emphatically, this flexible nucleic acid lock is capable of self-cleaving without the assistance of external component, overcoming the disadvantages of the complex design and requiring protease assistance in traditional nanostructure. Moreover, the combination of DNAzyme and RCA technology not only greatly improves the efficiency of signal amplification but also enables primer generation to simultaneous cascade RCA amplification. Additionally, the electrochemical detection technology based on silver nanoclusters overcomes the shortcomings of traditional detection methods such as low sensitivity and complex operation. The detection limit achieved was 9.3 aM with a wide dynamic response ranging from 10 aM to 100 pM (at the DPV peak of - 0.5 V), which is comparable to most of the reported studies. Therefore, our work provided an ultra-sensitive way for the detection of miRNAs using nanostructures and revealed an effective means for disease theranostics and cancer diagnosis. In this work, for the first time, we designed a nucleic acid lock nanostructure based on its self-structural transformation for the specific detection of miRNA. And the combination of DNAzyme and cascade RCA reaction greatly improved the signal amplification efficiency.
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15
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Zhang D, Yu X, Wu L, Jin H, Wei M. Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of Pb2+ based on DNAzyme coupling with exonuclease III –Assisted target recycling. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Yang Y, Li W, Liu J. Review of recent progress on DNA-based biosensors for Pb 2+ detection. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1147:124-143. [PMID: 33485571 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal of great environmental and health concerns, and interestingly Pb2+ has played important roles in nucleic acids chemistry. Since 2000, using DNA for selective detection of Pb2+ has become a rapidly growing topic in the analytical community. Pb2+ can serve as the most active cofactor for RNA-cleaving DNAzymes including the GR5, 17E and 8-17 DNAzymes. Recently, Pb2+ was found to promote a porphyrin metalation DNAzyme named T30695. In addition, Pb2+ can tightly bind to various G-quadruplex sequences inducing their unique folding and binding to other molecules such as dyes and hemin. The peroxidase-like activity of G-quadruplex/hemin complexes was also used for Pb2+ sensing. In this article, these Pb2+ recognition mechanisms are reviewed from fundamental chemistry to the design of fluorescent, colorimetric, and electrochemical biosensors. In addition, various signal amplification mechanisms such as rolling circle amplification, hairpin hybridization chain reaction and nuclease-assisted methods are coupled to these sensing methods to drive up sensitivity. We mainly cover recent examples published since 2015. In the end, some practical aspects of these sensors and future research opportunities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Yang
- Department of Food and Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China; Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Weixuan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada; Water Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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17
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu S, Sun W, Zhang M, Jiang L, Li M, Yu J, Huang J. Toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement-driven super-fast tripedal DNA walker for ultrasensitive and label-free electrochemical detection of ochratoxin A. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1143:21-30. [PMID: 33384119 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA walkers, as intelligent artificial DNA nanomachines, have been widely used as efficient nucleic acid amplification tools that the detection sensitivity can be improved by incorporating DNA walkers into DNA biosensors. Nevertheless, since the premature release or flameout in a region of locally exhausted substrate, the walking efficiency of DNA walkers remains unsatisfactory. In this work, we design a smart tripedal DNA walker that is formed by target-initiated catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA), which can move along the DNA duplex tracks on electrode driven by toehold-mediated DNA strand displacement (TMSD) for transduction and amplification of electrochemical signals. Emphatically, this flexible tripedal DNA walker is capable of walking freely along the tracks with unconstrained walking range. Moreover, the design of multi-legged walker can weaken the derailment of leg DNA and shorten the moving time on electrode, ensuring the processive walking with high efficiency. Additionally, the persistent walking of tripedal walker is driven by cascading TMSD, which eliminates the defects of high cost and instability of enzyme-assisted amplification technology. Therefore, the tripedal DNA walker-based electrochemical biosensor has enormous potential for the applications of OTA detection, and reveals a new avenue for food safety analysis and clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeru Wang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Su Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Manru Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Long Jiang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Minghan Li
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Jiadong Huang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China.
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18
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A label-free liquid crystal droplet-based sensor used to detect lead ions using single-stranded DNAzyme. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Weng C, Li X, Lu Q, Yang W, Wang J, Yan X, Li B, Sakran M, Hong J, Zhu W, Zhou X. A label-free electrochemical biosensor based on magnetic biocomposites with DNAzyme and hybridization chain reaction dual signal amplification for the determination of Pb2+. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:575. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04548-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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20
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Zhou X, Zhu Q, Yang Y. Aptamer-integrated nucleic acid circuits for biosensing: Classification, challenges and perspectives. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 165:112422. [PMID: 32729540 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their high programmability and modularity, autonomous enzyme-free nucleic acid circuits are attracting ever-growing interest as signal amplifiers with potential applications in developing highly sensitive biosensing techniques. Besides nucleic acid input, the biosensing scope of aptamer-integrated nucleic acids could be further expanded to non-nucleic targets by integrating nucleic acid circuits with aptamers-a class of functional oligonucleotides with binding capabilities toward specific targets. By coupling upstream target recognition with downstream signal amplification, aptamer-integrated nucleic acid circuits enable aptasensors with increased sensitivity and enhanced performances, which may act as powerful tools in various fields including environment monitoring, personal care, clinical diagnosis, etc. In designing aptamer-integrated nucleic acid circuits, smart integration between aptamer and nucleic acid circuits plays a crucial role in developing reliable circuits with good performances. To date, although there are plenty of published researches adopting aptamer-integrated nucleic acid circuits as amplifiers in biosensing systems, deep discussion or systematic review on rational design strategies for aptamer-integrated nucleic acid circuits is still lacking. To fill this gap, rational aptamer-nucleic acid circuits integration modes were classified and summarized for the first time based on reviewing the state of art of existing aptamer-integrated nucleic acid circuits. Moreover, theoretical updates in nucleic acid circuits designs and major challenges to be overcome in developing highly sensitive aptamer-integrated nucleic acids based biosensing systems are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhou
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Qian Zhu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yihan Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC, Center for Sensor Technology of Environment and Health, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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21
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Safdar S, Lammertyn J, Spasic D. RNA-Cleaving NAzymes: The Next Big Thing in Biosensing? Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:1343-1359. [PMID: 32473751 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid enzymes (NAzymes) are nucleic acid molecules with catalytic activity. A subset, the RNA-cleaving NAzyme, is characterized by its substrate of choice: an RNA unit. These enzymes have been used for diverse applications, including biosensor development, akin to their protein counterparts. Owing to their function as both biorecognition elements and signal generators, robust bioassays based entirely on NAzyme molecules have been developed. Additionally, unique mechanisms for integration with other biorecognition elements and signal generation methods have been explored to realize ultrasensitive, specific, and user-friendly biosensors. Furthermore, NAzyme-based bioassays have already broken into the in vitro diagnostics market, with more promise in the pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Safdar
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Lammertyn
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Dragana Spasic
- Department of Biosystems, Biosensors Group, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Wang J, Chen S, Yuan R, Hu F. DNA branched junctions induced the enhanced fluorescence recovery of FAM-labeled probes on rGO for detecting Pb 2. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:2455-2463. [PMID: 32078003 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) could strongly adsorb and quench the fluorescence of dye-labeled single-stranded DNA (ssDNA); thus, it is widely applied in fluorescent sensors. However, these sensors may suffer from a limited sensitivity due to the low fluorescence recovery when adding the complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence. In this work, the powerful DNA branched junctions were constructed to improve the fluorescence recovery of FAM-labeled probe on rGO. In the presence of target Pb2+, the ribonucleotide (rA) in the substrate was cleaved specifically and the catalytic hairpin assembly of three metastable hairpins was further initiated, accompanied by the formation of DNA branched junctions. Then, the liberated Pb2+ could be recyclable. Impressively, the DNA branched junctions not only hybridize with the FAM-labeled probes with a high efficiency, but also are significantly undesirable for the rGO. Thus, a high fluorescence recovery of FAM-labeled probe on rGO was expected. The integration of the high fluorescence recovery and dual-cycle signal amplification endows the sensing strategy with a good performance for Pb2+ detection, including low detection limit (0.17 nM), good selectivity, and satisfactory practical applicability. The proposed DNA branched junctions offer a novel avenue to improve the fluorescence recovery of the dye-labeled probes on rGO for biological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanli Wang
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shihong Chen
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Ruo Yuan
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nanomaterials & Sensor Technologies, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Fangxin Hu
- Institute of Materials Science & Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Hu L, Fu X, Kong G, Yin Y, Meng HM, Ke G, Zhang XB. DNAzyme–gold nanoparticle-based probes for biosensing and bioimaging. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:9449-9465. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01750g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The design and applications of DNAzyme–gold nanoparticle-based probes in biosensing and bioimaging are summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hu
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
| | - Xiaoyi Fu
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
| | - Gezhi Kong
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
| | - Yao Yin
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
| | - Hong-Min Meng
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Ke
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory
- State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
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24
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Electrochemical lead(II) biosensor by using an ion-dependent split DNAzyme and a template-free DNA extension reaction for signal amplification. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:709. [PMID: 31650391 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3857-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A voltammetric biosensor for lead(II) (Pb2+) is described that is based on signal amplification by using an ion-dependent split DNAzyme and template-free DNA extension reaction. The Pb2+-dependent split DNAzyme was assembled on gold nanoparticles (Au@Fe3O4), and this nanoprobe then was exposed to Pb2+ which causes the split-off of DNAzymes to release primers containing 3'-OH groups (S1 and S2). The template-free DNA extension reaction triggers the generation of long ssDNA nanotails, which then can bind the free redox probe N,N'-bis(2-(trimethylammonium iodide)propylene)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxyldiimide (PDA+) via electrostatic adsorption. Hence, the concentration of PDA+ in solution is reduced. Therefore, less free PDA+ can be immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode modified with electrodeposited gold nanoparticles (depAu) to produce an electrochemical signal, typically measured at ∼0.38 V (vs. SCE) for quantitation of Pb2+. The use of a Pb2+-dependent split DNAzyme avoids the usage of a proteinic enzyme. It also increases the sensitivity of the sensor which has a lower detection limit of 30 pM of Pb2+. Graphical abstract Novel electrochemical biosensor based on the amplification of ion-dependent split DNAzyme and template-free DNA extension reaction for trace detection of Pb2+.
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25
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Xiong X, Luo Y, Lu Y, Xiong X, Li Y, Liu Y, Lu L. Ultrasensitive detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B in milk based on target-triggered assembly of the flower like nucleic acid nanostructure. RSC Adv 2019; 9:42423-42429. [PMID: 35542854 PMCID: PMC9076600 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08869e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A rapid and ultrasensitive method is described for the detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). It is based on the formation of the flower like nucleic acid nanostructure by integrating (a) target-induced triggering of DNA release with (b) signal amplification by a hybridization chain reaction (HCR). Firstly, partially complementary pairing of aptamer and trigger DNA forms a duplex structure. The capture DNA (cpDNA) is then placed on the surface of gold electrode through gold-thiol chemistry. In the presence of SEB, the aptamer-target conjugate is compelled to form. This causes the release of trigger DNA owing to a strong competition between aptamer and SEB. Then, the trigger DNA is subsequently hybridized with the partial complementary sequences of the cpDNA to trigger HCR with three auxiliary DNA sequences (referred to as MB1, MB2, MB3). Finally, the flower like nucleic acid nanostructures are formed and allow numerous hexaammineruthenium(iii) chloride ([Ru(NH3)6]3+, RuHex) to be absorbed on the DNA by electrostatic interaction, and thus amplify electrochemical signal. Under optimal conditions, the chronocoulometry charge difference increases linearly with the logarithm of the SEB concentrations in the range from 5 pg mL−1 to 100 ng mL−1 with a detection limit as low as 3 pg mL−1 (S/N = 3). A rapid and ultrasensitive method is described for the detection of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xiong
- Coll. Food Sci. & Light Ind
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yun Luo
- Coll. Food Sci. & Light Ind
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yichen Lu
- Coll. Food Sci. & Light Ind
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Xiong Xiong
- Coll. Food Sci. & Light Ind
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yi Li
- Coll. Food Sci. & Light Ind
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Yuanjian Liu
- Coll. Food Sci. & Light Ind
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
| | - Lixia Lu
- Coll. Food Sci. & Light Ind
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 211816
- China
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