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Antonopoulos SR, Garten DA, Durham PL. Dietary supplementation with grape seed extract from Vitus vinifera prevents suppression of GABAergic protein expression in female Sprague Dawley trigeminal ganglion in a model of chronic temporomandibular joint disorder. Arch Oral Biol 2024; 165:106014. [PMID: 38833771 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.106014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate cellular changes in protein expression in the trigeminal ganglion in an established preclinical chronic model of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) in response to grape seed extract (GSE) supplementation based on its beneficial use in preclinical chronic orofacial pain models. DESIGN Three experimental conditions included female Sprague-Dawley rats as naïve controls, and animals subjected to neck muscle inflammation and prolonged jaw opening with and without daily supplementation of GSE in the drinking water prior to inflammation. Changes were evaluated in mechanical sensitivity to von Frey filaments and protein expression in the trigeminal ganglion of animals 14 days post jaw opening. RESULTS Calcitonin-gene related peptide and protein kinase A, proteins positively associated with peripheral sensitization and enhanced nociception, did not show elevated expression at day 14 in the model compared to naïve or GSE supplemented animals. However, neuronal levels of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 65/67, which are enzymes responsible for the synthesis of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA that functions to suppress neuronal excitability, were significantly decreased on day 14 post jaw opening. Similarly, a significant decrease in neuronal expression of the GABA receptor subunits GABAB1 and GABAB2, but not GABAA, was observed in the TMD model. Importantly, GSE prevented suppression of GAD 65/67 and GABAB subunits, maintaining levels similar to naïve animals. CONCLUSION Results from our study provide evidence of the downregulation of inhibitory GABAergic proteins in trigeminal ganglion neurons in a preclinical chronic TMD model and the benefits of GSE supplementation in preventing their suppression and maintaining normal levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia R Antonopoulos
- Missouri State University, Jordan Valley Innovation Center, Department of Biology, Springfield, MO 65806, USA
| | - Daniel A Garten
- Missouri State University, Jordan Valley Innovation Center, Department of Biology, Springfield, MO 65806, USA
| | - Paul L Durham
- Missouri State University, Jordan Valley Innovation Center, Department of Biology, Springfield, MO 65806, USA.
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2
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Chichorro JG, Gambeta E, Baggio DF, Zamponi GW. Voltage-gated Calcium Channels as Potential Therapeutic Targets in Migraine. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:104514. [PMID: 38522594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Migraine is a complex and highly incapacitating neurological disorder that affects around 15% of the general population with greater incidence in women, often at the most productive age of life. Migraine physiopathology is still not fully understood, but it involves multiple mediators and events in the trigeminovascular system and the central nervous system. The identification of calcitonin gene-related peptide as a key mediator in migraine physiopathology has led to the development of effective and highly selective antimigraine therapies. However, this treatment is neither accessible nor effective for all migraine sufferers. Thus, a better understanding of migraine mechanisms and the identification of potential targets are still clearly warranted. Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are widely distributed in the trigeminovascular system, and there is accumulating evidence of their contribution to the mechanisms associated with headache pain. Several drugs used in migraine abortive or prophylactic treatment target VGCCs, which probably contributes to their analgesic effect. This review aims to summarize the current evidence of VGGC contribution to migraine physiopathology and to discuss how current pharmacological options for migraine treatment interfere with VGGC function. PERSPECTIVE: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) represents a major migraine mediator, but few studies have investigated the relationship between CGRP and VGCCs. CGRP release is calcium channel-dependent and VGGCs are key players in familial migraine. Further studies are needed to determine whether VGCCs are suitable molecular targets for treating migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana G Chichorro
- Biological Sciences Sector, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Eder Gambeta
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Darciane F Baggio
- Biological Sciences Sector, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Cumming School of Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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3
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Guo S, Christensen SL, Al‐Karagholi MA, Olesen J. Molecular nociceptive mechanisms in migraine: The migraine cascade. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16333. [PMID: 38894592 PMCID: PMC11235602 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review will explore the categorization of migraine-provoking molecules, their cellular actions, site of action and potential drug targets based on the migraine cascade model. METHODS Personal experience and literature. RESULTS Migraine impacts over 1 billion people worldwide but is underfunded in research. Recent progress, particularly through the human and animal provocation model, has deepened our understanding of its mechanisms. This model have identified endogenous neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) that induces controlled migraine-like attacks leading to significant discoveries of their role in migraine. This knowledge led to the development of CGRP-inhibiting drugs; a groundbreaking migraine treatment now accessible globally. Also a PACAP-inhibiting drug was effective in a recent phase II trial. Notably, rodent studies have shed light on pain pathways and the mechanisms of various migraine-inducing substances identifying novel drug targets. This is primarily done by using selective inhibitors that target specific signaling pathways of the known migraine triggers leading to the hypothesized cellular cascade model of migraine. CONCLUSION The model of migraine presents numerous opportunities for innovative drug development. The future of new migraine treatments is limited only by the investment from pharmaceutical companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Translational Research Center, Rigshospitalet‐Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenGlostrupDenmark
- Department of NeurologyZealand University HospitalRoskildeDenmark
| | - Sarah Louise Christensen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Translational Research Center, Rigshospitalet‐Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenGlostrupDenmark
| | - Mohammad Al‐Mahdi Al‐Karagholi
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Translational Research Center, Rigshospitalet‐Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenGlostrupDenmark
| | - Jes Olesen
- Danish Headache Center, Department of Neurology, Translational Research Center, Rigshospitalet‐Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenGlostrupDenmark
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Tanaka M, Tuka B, Vécsei L. Navigating the Neurobiology of Migraine: From Pathways to Potential Therapies. Cells 2024; 13:1098. [PMID: 38994951 PMCID: PMC11240811 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by recurring episodes of throbbing headaches that are frequently accompanied by sensory disturbances, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Tanaka
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Bernadett Tuka
- Department of Radiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - László Vécsei
- HUN-REN-SZTE Neuroscience Research Group, Danube Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Hungarian Research Network, University of Szeged (HUN-REN-SZTE), Tisza Lajos krt. 113, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary
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5
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Edvinsson JCA, Ran C, Olofsgård FJ, Steinberg A, Edvinsson L, Belin AC. MERTK in the rat trigeminal system: a potential novel target for cluster headache? J Headache Pain 2024; 25:85. [PMID: 38783191 PMCID: PMC11119394 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01791-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The trigeminal system is key to the pathophysiology of migraine and cluster headache, two primary headache disorders that share many features. Recently, MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MERTK), a cell surface receptor, was strongly associated with cluster headache through genetic studies. Further, the MERTK ligand galectin-3 has been found to be elevated in serum of migraine patients. In this study, MERTK and MERTK ligands were investigated in key tissue to better understand their potential implication in the pathophysiology of primary headache disorders. Immunohistochemistry was used to map MERTK and galectin-3 expression in rat trigeminal ganglia. RT-qPCR was used to assess MERTK gene expression in blood, and ELISA immunoassays were used for MERTK ligand quantification in serum from study participants with and without cluster headache. MERTK gene expression was elevated in blood samples from study participants with cluster headache compared to controls. In addition, MERTK ligand galectin-3 was found at increased concentration in the serum of study participants with cluster headache, whereas the levels of MERTK ligands growth arrest specific 6 and protein S unaffected. MERTK and galectin-3 were both expressed in rat trigeminal ganglia. Galectin-3 was primarily localized in smaller neurons and to a lesser extent in C-fibres, while MERTK was found in satellite glia cells and in the outer membrane of Schwann cells. Interestingly, a strong MERTK signal was found specifically in the region proximal to the nodes of Ranvier. The overexpression of MERTK and galectin-3 in tissue from study participants with cluster headache, as well as the presence of MERTK in rat peripheral satellite glia cells and Schwann cells in the trigeminal ganglia, further highlights MERTK signalling as an interesting potential future therapeutic target in primary headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C A Edvinsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, Lund, 22184, Sweden.
| | - Caroline Ran
- Centre for Cluster Headache, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Steinberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, Lund, 22184, Sweden
| | - Andrea Carmine Belin
- Centre for Cluster Headache, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
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6
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Zhang Z, Lu T, Li S, Zhao R, Li H, Zhang X, Li Y, Xia Y, Ni G. Acupuncture Extended the Thrombolysis Window by Suppressing Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Regulating Autophagy-Apoptosis Balance after Ischemic Stroke. Brain Sci 2024; 14:399. [PMID: 38672048 PMCID: PMC11048240 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The narrow therapeutic window (within 4.5 h) and severe hemorrhagic potential limits therapeutic efficacy of recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) intravenous thrombolysis for patients. Xingnao Kaiqiao (XNKQ) acupuncture is an integral part of traditional Chinese medicine, specifically designed to address acute ischemic stroke by targeting key acupoints such as Shuigou (GV26) and Neiguan (PC6). In this study, we explored the therapeutic potential of XNKQ acupuncture in extending the time window for thrombolysis and interrogated the molecular mechanisms responsible for this effect. METHODS The effect of extending the thrombolysis window by acupuncture was evaluated via TTC staining, neuronal score evaluation, hemorrhagic transformation assay, and H&E staining. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology was performed to identify the therapeutic targets and intervention mechanisms of acupuncture. Evans blue staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Immunofluorescence staining and co-immunoprecipitation were performed to evaluate the level of autophagy and apoptosis and validate their interactions with BBB endothelial cells. RESULTS Acupuncture alleviated infarction and neurological deficits and extended the thrombolysis window to 6 h. The RNA-seq revealed 16 potential therapeutic predictors for acupuncture intervention, which related to suppressing inflammation and restoring the function of BBB and blood vessels. Furthermore, acupuncture suppressed BBB leakage and preserved tight junction protein expression. The protective effect was associated with regulation of the autophagy-apoptosis balance in BBB endothelial cells. Acupuncture intervention dissociated the Beclin1/Bcl-2 complex, thereby promoting autophagy and reducing apoptosis. CONCLUSION XNKQ acupuncture could serve as an adjunctive therapy for rt-PA thrombolysis, aiming to extend the therapeutic time window and mitigate ischemia-reperfusion injury. Acupuncture suppressed BBB disruption by regulating the autophagy-apoptosis balance, which in turn extended the therapeutic window of rt-PA in IS. These findings provide a rationale for further exploration of acupuncture as a complementary candidate co-administered with rt-PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tianliang Lu
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruyu Zhao
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Honglei Li
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinchang Zhang
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yawen Xia
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guangxia Ni
- College of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing 210023, China
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7
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Rattanawong W, Rapoport A, Srikiatkhachorn A. Medication "underuse" headache. Cephalalgia 2024; 44:3331024241245658. [PMID: 38613233 DOI: 10.1177/03331024241245658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many risk factors have been associated with migraine progression, including insufficient and ineffective utilization of migraine medications; however, they have been inadequately explored. This has resulted in suboptimal usage of medications without effective altering of prescribing recommendations for patients, posing a risk for migraine chronification. METHODS Our aim is to conduct a comprehensive review of the available evidence regarding the underuse of migraine medications, both acute and preventive. The term "underuse" includes, but is not limited to: (1) ineffective use of appropriate and inappropriate medication; (2) underutilization; (3) inappropriate timing of usage; and (4) patient dissatisfaction with medication. RESULTS The underuse of both acute and preventive medications has been shown to contribute to the progression of migraine. In terms of acute medication, chronification occurs as a result of insufficient drug use, including failure of the prescriber to select the appropriate type based on pain intensity and disability, patients taking medication too late (more than 60 minutes after the onset or after central sensitization has occurred as evidenced by allodynia), and discontinuation because of lack of effect or intolerable side effects. The underlying cause of inadequate effectiveness of acute medication lies in its inability to halt the propagation of peripheral activation to central sensitization in a timely manner. For oral and injectable preventive migraine medications, insufficient efficacy and intolerable side effects have led to poor adherence and discontinuation with subsequent progression of migraine. The underlying pathophysiology here is rooted in the repetitive stimulation of afferent sensory pain fibers, followed by ascending brainstem pain pathways plus dysfunction of the endogenous descending brainstem pain inhibitory pathway. Although anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) medications partially address pain caused by the above factors, including decreased efficacy and tolerability from conventional therapy, some patients do not respond well to this treatment. Research suggests that initiating preventive anti-CGRP treatment at an early stage (during low frequency episodic migraine attacks) is more beneficial than commencing it during high frequency episodic attacks or when chronic migraine has begun. CONCLUSIONS The term "medication underuse" is underrecognized, but it holds significant importance. Optimal usage of acute care and preventive migraine medications could potentially prevent migraine chronification and improve the treatment of migraine attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanakorn Rattanawong
- Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alan Rapoport
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anan Srikiatkhachorn
- Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
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8
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de Mora F, Messlinger K. Is calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) the missing link in food histamine-induced migraine? A review of functional gut-to-trigeminovascular system connections. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103941. [PMID: 38447930 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and histamine plasma concentrations increase during migraine attacks. Both mediators are potent vasodilators, and they have been shown to reciprocally contribute to the release of each other in the trigeminovascular system, possibly driving migraine development. A high-histamine-content diet triggers migraine in patients who have histamine degradation deficiency owing to diaminooxidase (DAO) gene mutations. Therefore, studying functional links between exogenous histamine and CGRP seems promising for the understanding of diet-induced migraine generation. Notably, there is a lack of knowledge about the interplay of the enteric nervous system and the spinal/trigeminal somatosensory system with regard to CGRP and histamine. Based on background evidence, we propose that a functional interconnection between exogenous histamine and CGRP contributes to migraine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando de Mora
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Edificio V, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Campus UAB - 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Karl Messlinger
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstr. 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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9
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Antonopoulos SR, Scharnhorst M, Nalley N, Durham PL. Method for cryopreservation of trigeminal ganglion for establishing primary cultures of neurons and glia. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 402:110034. [PMID: 38072069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.110034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary neuronal cultures are used to elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in disease pathology and modulation by pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, and to identify novel therapeutic targets. However, preparation of primary neuronal cultures from rodent embryos is labor-intensive, and it can be difficult to produce high-quality consistent cultures. To overcome these issues, cryopreservation can be used to obtain standardized, high-quality stocks of neuronal cultures. NEW METHOD In this study, we present a simplified cryopreservation method for rodent primary trigeminal ganglion neurons and glia from Sprague-Dawley neonates, using a 90:10 (v/v) fetal bovine serum/dimethyl sulfoxide cell freezing medium. RESULTS Cryopreserved trigeminal ganglion cells stored for up to one year in liquid nitrogen exhibited similar neuronal and glial cell morphology to fresh cultures and retained high cell viability. Proteins implicated in inflammation and pain signaling were expressed in agreement with the reported subcellular localization. Additionally, both neurons and glial cells exhibited an increase in intracellular calcium levels in response to a depolarizing stimulus. Cryopreserved cells were also transiently transfected with reporter genes. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Our method is simple, does not require special reagents or equipment, will save time and money, increase flexibility in study design, and produce consistent cultures. CONCLUSIONS This method for the preparation and cryopreservation of trigeminal ganglia results in primary cultures of neurons and glia similar in viability and morphology to fresh preparations that could be utilized for biochemical, cellular, and molecular studies, increase reproducibility, and save laboratory resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia R Antonopoulos
- Missouri State University, Jordan Valley Innovation Center/Department of Biology, Springfield, MO 65806, USA
| | - Mikayla Scharnhorst
- Missouri State University, Jordan Valley Innovation Center/Department of Biology, Springfield, MO 65806, USA
| | - Nicole Nalley
- Missouri State University, Jordan Valley Innovation Center/Department of Biology, Springfield, MO 65806, USA
| | - Paul L Durham
- Missouri State University, Jordan Valley Innovation Center/Department of Biology, Springfield, MO 65806, USA.
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10
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Shibata M. In Search of More Leaps to Realize the Precision Medicine of Migraine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17375. [PMID: 38139204 PMCID: PMC10744148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine, clinically characterized by recurrent headache attacks of moderate-to-severe intensity, is the second most disabling disease in terms of years lived with disability [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Shibata
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba 272-8513, Japan
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11
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Rees TA, Labastida-Ramírez A, Rubio-Beltrán E. Calcitonin/PAC 1 receptor splice variants: a blind spot in migraine research. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:651-663. [PMID: 37543479 PMCID: PMC10529278 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and their receptors are linked to migraine neurobiology. Recent antimigraine therapeutics targeting the signaling of these neuropeptides are effective; however, some patients respond suboptimally, indicating an incomplete understanding of migraine pathophysiology. The CGRP- and PACAP-responsive receptors can be differentially spliced. It is known that receptor splice variants can have different pathophysiological effects in other receptor-mediated pain pathways. Despite considerable knowledge on the structural and pharmacological differences of the CGRP- and PACAP-responsive receptor splice variants and their expression in migraine-relevant tissues, their role in migraine is rarely considered. Here we shine a spotlight on the calcitonin and PACAP (PAC1) receptor splice variants and examine what implications they may have for drug activity and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla A Rees
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Alejandro Labastida-Ramírez
- Headache Group, Wolfson Center for Age Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eloisa Rubio-Beltrán
- Headache Group, Wolfson Center for Age Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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12
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Santifort KM, Glass EN, Pumarola M, Aige Gil V. Microanatomical findings with relevance to trigeminal ganglion enhancement on post-contrast T1-weighted magnetic resonance images in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1256947. [PMID: 37781281 PMCID: PMC10533922 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1256947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trigeminal ganglion contrast enhancement (TGCE) is reported to be a normal and a common finding on magnetic resonance imaging studies of dogs, cats and humans. The intent of the present study was to describe the anatomical characteristics of the trigeminal ganglion, its surrounding structures, and histological features that are relevant to explain or hypothesize on the reason for TGCE on T1-weighted post-contrast MRI studies of the brain in dogs. Methods Eight dog cadavers were dissected to study the anatomy of the trigeminal ganglion. The presence and anatomy of vessels was studied by dissection and by histological techniques. Two trigeminal ganglia were isolated and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). Two other trigeminal ganglia included in the trigeminal canal and trigeminal cavity were decalcified with formic acid/formalin for 12 weeks and stained with HE to study the related vessels. Additionally, a corrosion cast was obtained from a separate canine specimen. Results Leptomeninges and a subarachnoid space were identified at the level of the trigeminal nerve roots and the trigeminal ganglion. No subarachnoid space was identified and leptomeninges were no longer present at the level of the three trigeminal nerve branches. Small arterial vessels ran to and supplied the trigeminal ganglion, passing through the dura mater. No venous plexus was visualized at the level of the trigeminal ganglion in the dissections. A complex arterial vascular network was identified within the leptomeningeal covering of the trigeminal ganglion and was best appreciated in the corrosion cast. Histological examination revealed small-to moderate-sized blood vessels located in the epineurium around the ganglion; from there a multitude of arterioles penetrated into the perineurium. Small endoneurial branches and capillaries penetrated the ganglion and the trigeminal nerve branches. Discussion Limitations to this study include the limited number of canine specimens included and the lack of electron microscopy to further support current hypotheses included in our discussion. In conclusion, this study provides further support to the theory that TGCE in dogs may be due an incomplete blood-nerve barrier or blood-ganglion barrier at the interface between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen M. Santifort
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Arnhem, Neurology, Arnhem, Netherlands
- IVC Evidensia Small Animal Referral Hospital Hart van Brabant, Neurology, Waalwijk, Netherlands
| | - Eric N. Glass
- Section of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Tinton Falls, NJ, United States
| | - Marti Pumarola
- Unit of Compared and Murine Pathology, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Aige Gil
- Department of Sanitat i Anatomía Animal, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Muddam MR, Obajeun OA, Abaza A, Jaramillo AP, Sid Idris F, Anis Shaikh H, Vahora I, Moparthi KP, Al Rushaidi MT, Nath TS. Efficacy and Safety of Anti-calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Monoclonal Antibodies in Preventing Migraines: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e45560. [PMID: 37868560 PMCID: PMC10586710 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is an essential pathophysiological treatment for migraines. A unique class of medications called CGRP monoclonal antibodies target CGRP and its receptor and have demonstrated promising benefits in the treatment and prevention of migraines. This study sought to identify and assess the quality of existing systematic reviews about the effectiveness of CGRP antibodies for preventing migraines, as well as systematically review and synthesize the evidence on these topics. This included the four Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medications erenumab, galcanezumab, fremanezumab, and eptinezumab. The effectiveness and safety of these monoclonal antibodies in preventing migraines should also be examined in light of patient characteristics, and any gaps in the body of knowledge should be noted in order to suggest new lines of investigation. Data gathering included a thorough search of internet databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus) for relevant research released between 2018 and 2023. The findings imply that CGRP monoclonal antibodies are efficient and secure for preventing migraines and may be considered a first-line alternative for treating migraines and drug misuse. The results further imply that combination treatment with CGRP antibodies and onabotulinumtoxinA may enhance the prevention of migraine in adults. With suggestions for more studies to find and address these variables, the significance of genetic and epigenetic factors in the progression of pediatric patients' acute postoperative pain to chronic postsurgical pain is underlined. All four anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies, erenumab, fremanezumab, galcanezumab, and eptinezumab, were shown to be safe and effective for the prevention of migraine when the research additionally looked at their individual effectiveness and safety. Additionally, the study discovered considerable variances in effectiveness amongst various groups. However, further investigation is required to establish the best time and dosage and the effect of patient characteristics on the effectiveness and safety of these medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghana Reddy Muddam
- General Practice, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Omobolanle A Obajeun
- Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Abdelrahman Abaza
- Pathology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Arturo P Jaramillo
- General Practice, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Faten Sid Idris
- Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Humna Anis Shaikh
- Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ilma Vahora
- General Surgery, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Kiran Prasad Moparthi
- General Practice, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Majdah T Al Rushaidi
- Psychology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Tuheen Sankar Nath
- Surgical Oncology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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14
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Vila-Pueyo M, Gliga O, Gallardo VJ, Pozo-Rosich P. The Role of Glial Cells in Different Phases of Migraine: Lessons from Preclinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12553. [PMID: 37628733 PMCID: PMC10454125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a complex and debilitating neurological disease that affects 15% of the population worldwide. It is defined by the presence of recurrent severe attacks of disabling headache accompanied by other debilitating neurological symptoms. Important advancements have linked the trigeminovascular system and the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide to migraine pathophysiology, but the mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and chronification remain unknown. Glial cells are essential for the correct development and functioning of the nervous system and, due to its implication in neurological diseases, have been hypothesised to have a role in migraine. Here we provide a narrative review of the role of glia in different phases of migraine through the analysis of preclinical studies. Current evidence shows that astrocytes and microglia are involved in the initiation and propagation of cortical spreading depolarization, the neurophysiological correlate of migraine aura. Furthermore, satellite glial cells within the trigeminal ganglia are implicated in the initiation and maintenance of orofacial pain, suggesting a role in the headache phase of migraine. Moreover, microglia in the trigeminocervical complex are involved in central sensitization, suggesting a role in chronic migraine. Taken altogether, glial cells have emerged as key players in migraine pathogenesis and chronification and future therapeutic strategies could be focused on targeting them to reduce the burden of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Vila-Pueyo
- Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Otilia Gliga
- Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor José Gallardo
- Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Pozo-Rosich
- Headache and Neurological Pain Research Group, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 119-129 Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Headache Unit, Neurology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Menon N, Kishen A. Nociceptor-Macrophage Interactions in Apical Periodontitis: How Biomolecules Link Inflammation with Pain. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1193. [PMID: 37627258 PMCID: PMC10452348 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periradicular tissues have a rich supply of peripheral afferent neurons, also known as nociceptive neurons, originating from the trigeminal nerve. While their primary function is to relay pain signals to the brain, these are known to be involved in modulating innate and adaptive immunity by initiating neurogenic inflammation (NI). Studies have investigated neuroanatomy and measured the levels of biomolecules such as cytokines and neuropeptides in human saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, or blood/serum samples in apical periodontitis (AP) to validate the possible role of trigeminal nociceptors in inflammation and tissue regeneration. However, the contributions of nociceptors and the mechanisms involved in the neuro-immune interactions in AP are not fully understood. This narrative review addresses the complex biomolecular interactions of trigeminal nociceptors with macrophages, the effector cells of the innate immune system, in the clinical manifestations of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Kishen
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
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16
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Gao N, Lee PSY, Zhang J, Yu FSX. Ocular nociception and neuropathic pain initiated by blue light stress in C57BL/6J mice. Pain 2023; 164:1616-1626. [PMID: 37093736 PMCID: PMC10277230 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the physiological, cellular, and molecular mechanisms responsible for initiating and sustaining ocular neuropathic pain, we created a blue-light-exposure model in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were exposed to 12 h of blue or white light followed by 12 h of darkness. Before blue light exposure, baseline tear secretion, stability, and ocular hyperalgesia were assessed by measuring hyper- or hypo-osmotic solution-induced eye wiping, wind-induced eye closing, and cold-induced eye blinking. At 1 day post-blue light exposure, alterations in hypotonic/hypertonic-induced eye-wiping, and tear film abnormalities were observed. Eye-wiping behaviors were abolished by topical anesthesia. The cold-stimulated eye-blinking and wind-stimulated eye-closing behaviors began after day 3 and their frequency further increased after day 9. Blue-light exposure reduced the density of nerve endings, and increased their tortuosity, the number of beadlike structures, and the branching of stromal nerve fibers, as assessed by whole-mount confocal microscopy. Blue-light exposure also increased TRPV1, but not TRPV4 staining intensity of corneal-projecting neurons in the trigeminal ganglia, as detected by Fluorogold retrograde labeling and immunohistochemistry. TRPV1 and substance P expression was increased, whereas CGRP expression deceased at the mRNA level in isolated corneal projecting neurons. Hence, our blue-light exposure B6 mouse model for assessing tearing and ocular hyperalgesia is useful for studying ocular pain and its underlying mechanisms. Blue-light-induced alterations in tearing and ocular hyperalgesia may be related to the elevated expression of TRPV1, SP, and/or the suppressed expression of CGRP at the ocular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical
Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Patrick S. Y. Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical
Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Jitao Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Wayne State University.
6135 Woodward Ave, Integrative Biosciences Center, Detroit, MI, 48202
| | - Fu-shin X. Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical
Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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17
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Lopes RV, Baggio DF, Ferraz CR, Bertozzi MM, Saraiva-Santos T, Verri Junior WA, Chichorro JG. Maresin-2 inhibits inflammatory and neuropathic trigeminal pain and reduces neuronal activation in the trigeminal ganglion. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 4:100093. [PMID: 37397816 PMCID: PMC10313899 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is a common symptom associated with disorders involving the orofacial structures. Most acute orofacial painful conditions are easily recognized, but the pharmacological treatment may be limited by the adverse events of current available drugs and/or patients' characteristics. In addition, chronic orofacial pain conditions represent clinical challenges both, in terms of diagnostic and treatment. There is growing evidence that specialized pro-resolution lipid mediators (SPMs) present potent analgesic effects, in addition to their well characterized role in the resolution of inflammation. Maresins (MaR-1 and MaR-2) were the last described members of this family, and MaR-2 analgesic action has not yet been reported. Herein the effect of MaR-2 in different orofacial pain models was investigated. MaR-2 (1 or 10 ng) was always delivered via medullary subarachnoid injection, which corresponds to the intrathecal treatment. A single injection of MaR-2 caused a significant reduction of phases I and II of the orofacial formalin test in rats. Repeated injections of MaR-2 prevented the development of facial heat and mechanical hyperalgesia in a model of post-operative pain in rats. In a model of trigeminal neuropathic pain (CCI-ION), repeated MaR-2 injections reversed facial heat and mechanical hyperalgesia in rats and mice. CCI-ION increased c-Fos positive neurons and CGRP+ activated (nuclear pNFkB) neurons in the trigeminal ganglion (TG), which were restored to sham levels by MaR-2 repeated treatment. In conclusion, MaR-2 showed potent and long-lasting analgesic effects in inflammatory and neuropathic pain of orofacial origin and the inhibition of CGRP-positive neurons in the TG may account for MaR-2 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Vieira Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Darciane Favero Baggio
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Camila Rodrigues Ferraz
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana Marques Bertozzi
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Telma Saraiva-Santos
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu Aparecido Verri Junior
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Geremias Chichorro
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
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18
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Zhang Y, Asgar J, Shou H, Pak J, Da Silva JT, Ro JY. Intraganglionic reactive oxygen species mediate inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia through TRPA1 in the rat. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1204057. [PMID: 37325677 PMCID: PMC10261988 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1204057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in nociceptive pathways in response to inflammation and injury. ROS are accumulated within the sensory ganglia following peripheral inflammation, but the functional role of intraganlionic ROS in inflammatory pain is not clearly understood. The aims of this study were to investigate whether peripheral inflammation leads to prolonged ROS accumulation within the trigeminal ganglia (TG), whether intraganglionic ROS mediate pain hypersensitivity via activation of TRPA1, and whether TRPA1 expression is upregulated in TG during inflammatory conditions by ROS. We demonstrated that peripheral inflammation causes excess ROS production within TG during the period when inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia is most prominent. Additionally, scavenging intraganglionic ROS attenuated inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia and a pharmacological blockade of TRPA1 localized within TG also mitigated inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia. Interestingly, exogenous administration of ROS into TG elicited mechanical hyperalgesia and spontaneous pain-like responses via TRPA1, and intraganglionic ROS induced TRPA1 upregulation in TG. These results collectively suggest that ROS accumulation in TG during peripheral inflammation contributes to pain and hyperalgesia in a TRPA1 dependent manner, and that ROS further exacerbate pathological pain responses by upregulating TRPA1 expression. Therefore, any conditions that exacerbate ROS accumulation within somatic sensory ganglia can aggravate pain responses and treatments reducing ganglionic ROS may help alleviate inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jin Y. Ro
- Department of Neural and Pain Sciences, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, United States
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19
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Suttle A, Wang P, Dias FC, Zhang Q, Luo Y, Simmons L, Bortsov A, Tchivileva IE, Nackley AG, Chen Y. Sensory Neuron-TRPV4 Modulates Temporomandibular Disorder Pain Via CGRP in Mice. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:782-795. [PMID: 36509176 PMCID: PMC10164682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) pain that involves inflammation and injury in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and/or masticatory muscle is the most common form of orofacial pain. We recently found that transient receptor potential vanilloid-4 (TRPV4) in trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons is upregulated after TMJ inflammation, and TRPV4 coexpresses with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in TMJ-innervating TG neurons. Here, we extended these findings to determine the specific contribution of TRPV4 in TG neurons to TMD pain, and examine whether sensory neuron-TRPV4 modulates TMD pain via CGRP. In mouse models of TMJ inflammation or masseter muscle injury, sensory neuron-Trpv4 conditional knockout (cKO) mice displayed reduced pain. Coexpression of TRPV4 and CGRP in TMJ- or masseter muscle-innervating TG neurons was increased after TMJ inflammation and masseter muscle injury, respectively. Activation of TRPV4-expressing TG neurons triggered secretion of CGRP, which was associated with increased levels of CGRP in peri-TMJ tissues, masseter muscle, spinal trigeminal nucleus, and plasma in both models. Local injection of CGRP into the TMJ or masseter muscle evoked acute pain in naïve mice, while blockade of CGRP receptor attenuated pain in mouse models of TMD. These results suggest that TRPV4 in TG neurons contributes to TMD pain by potentiating CGRP secretion. PERSPECTIVE: This study demonstrates that activation of TRPV4 in TG sensory neurons drives pain by potentiating the release of pain mediator CGRP in mouse models of TMJ inflammation and masseter muscle injury. Targeting TRPV4 and CGRP may be of clinical potential in alleviating TMD pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie Suttle
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Fabiana C Dias
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Qiaojuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yuhui Luo
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lauren Simmons
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrey Bortsov
- Department of Endodontics, Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Inna E Tchivileva
- Center for Pain Research and Innovation, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Andrea G Nackley
- Department of Endodontics, Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Endodontics, Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
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20
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Koroleva K, Svitko S, Ananev A, Buglinina A, Bogatova K, Yakovleva O, Nurmieva D, Shaidullov I, Sitdikova G. Effects of Nitric Oxide on the Activity of P2X and TRPV1 Receptors in Rat Meningeal Afferents of the Trigeminal Nerve. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087519. [PMID: 37108677 PMCID: PMC10144808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide is one of the endogenous molecules that play a key role in migraine. However, the interaction between NO and the main players in the nociceptive activity of the meningeal trigeminal afferents-TRPV1 and P2X3 receptors-remains unstudied. In the current project, the effects of acute and chronic NO administration on the activity of TRPV1 and P2X3 receptors in the peripheral afferents were studied using electrophysiological recording of action potentials of the trigeminal nerve in the rat hemiskull preparations. The data obtained indicate that exogenous and endogenous NO increased the activity of the trigeminal nerve independent on the inhibition of the TRPV1 and P2X3 receptors. The activity of the trigeminal nerve triggered by ATP changed neither in acute incubation in the NO donor-sodium nitroprusside (SNP) nor in the chronic nitroglycerine (NG)-induced migraine model. Moreover, the chronic NG administration did not increase in the number of degranulated mast cells in the rat meninges. At the same time, the capsaicin-induced activity of the trigeminal nerve was higher with chronic NO administration or after acute NO application, and these effects were prevented by N-ethylmaleimide. In conclusion, we suggested that NO positively modulates the activity of TRPV1 receptors by S-nitrosylation, which may contribute to the pro-nociceptive action of NO and underlie the sensitization of meningeal afferents in chronic migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia Koroleva
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana Svitko
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Anton Ananev
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Buglinina
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ksenia Bogatova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Olga Yakovleva
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Dinara Nurmieva
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ilnar Shaidullov
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Guzel Sitdikova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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21
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Della Pietra A, Krivoshein G, Ivanov K, Giniatullina R, Jyrkkänen HK, Leinonen V, Lehtonen M, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Savinainen J, Giniatullin R. Potent dual MAGL/FAAH inhibitor AKU-005 engages endocannabinoids to diminish meningeal nociception implicated in migraine pain. J Headache Pain 2023; 24:38. [PMID: 37038131 PMCID: PMC10088116 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-023-01568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engaging the endocannabinoid system through inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), degrading endocannabinoids (endoCBs) 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA), was proposed as a promising approach to ameliorate migraine pain. However, the activity of MAGL and FAAH and action of endoCB on spiking activity of meningeal afferents, from which migraine pain originates, has not been explored thus far. Therefore, we here explored the analgesic effects of endoCB enhancement in rat and human meningeal tissues. METHODS Both MAGL and FAAH activity and local 2-AG and AEA levels were measured by activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) and LC-MS/MS, respectively, in rat meninges obtained from hemiskulls of P38-P40 Wistar rats and human meninges from elderly patients undergoing non-migraine related neurosurgery. The action on endoCBs upon administration of novel dual MAGL/FAAH inhibitor AKU-005 on meningeal afferents excitability was tested by investigating paired KCl-induced spiking and validation with local (co-)application of either AEA or 2-AG. Finally, the specific TRPV1 agonist capsaicin and blocker capsazepine were tested. RESULTS The basal level of 2-AG exceeded that of AEA in rat and human meninges. KCl-induced depolarization doubled the level of AEA. AKU-005 slightly increased spontaneous spiking activity whereas the dual MAGL/FAAH inhibitor significantly decreased excitation of nerve fibres induced by KCl. Similar inhibitory effects on meningeal afferents were observed with local applications of 2-AG or AEA. The action of AKU-005 was reversed by CB1 antagonist AM-251, implying CB1 receptor involvement in the anti-nociceptive effect. The inhibitory action of AEA was also reversed by AM-251, but not with the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine. Data cluster analysis revealed that both AKU-005 and AEA largely increased long-term depression-like meningeal spiking activity upon paired KCl-induced spiking. CONCLUSIONS In the meninges, high anti-nociceptive 2-AG levels can tonically counteract meningeal signalling, whereas AEA can be engaged on demand by local depolarization. AEA-mediated anti-nociceptive effects through CB1 receptors have therapeutic potential. Together with previously detected MAGL activity in trigeminal ganglia, dual MAGL/FAAH inhibitor AKU-005 appears promising as migraine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Della Pietra
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Georgii Krivoshein
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantin Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Raisa Giniatullina
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henna-Kaisa Jyrkkänen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Leinonen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kuopio University Hospital and Neurosurgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Juha Savinainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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22
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Russo AF, Hay DL. CGRP physiology, pharmacology, and therapeutic targets: migraine and beyond. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1565-1644. [PMID: 36454715 PMCID: PMC9988538 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00059.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide with diverse physiological functions. Its two isoforms (α and β) are widely expressed throughout the body in sensory neurons as well as in other cell types, such as motor neurons and neuroendocrine cells. CGRP acts via at least two G protein-coupled receptors that form unusual complexes with receptor activity-modifying proteins. These are the CGRP receptor and the AMY1 receptor; in rodents, additional receptors come into play. Although CGRP is known to produce many effects, the precise molecular identity of the receptor(s) that mediates CGRP effects is seldom clear. Despite the many enigmas still in CGRP biology, therapeutics that target the CGRP axis to treat or prevent migraine are a bench-to-bedside success story. This review provides a contextual background on the regulation and sites of CGRP expression and CGRP receptor pharmacology. The physiological actions of CGRP in the nervous system are discussed, along with updates on CGRP actions in the cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, immune, hematopoietic, and reproductive systems and metabolic effects of CGRP in muscle and adipose tissues. We cover how CGRP in these systems is associated with disease states, most notably migraine. In this context, we discuss how CGRP actions in both the peripheral and central nervous systems provide a basis for therapeutic targeting of CGRP in migraine. Finally, we highlight potentially fertile ground for the development of additional therapeutics and combinatorial strategies that could be designed to modulate CGRP signaling for migraine and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Russo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Center, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Debbie L Hay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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23
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Chu Y, Jia S, Xu K, Liu Q, Mai L, Liu J, Fan W, Huang F. Single-cell transcriptomic profile of satellite glial cells in trigeminal ganglion. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1117065. [PMID: 36818656 PMCID: PMC9932514 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1117065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) play an important role in regulating the function of trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons. Multiple mediators are involved in the bidirectional communication between SGCs and neurons in different physiological and pathological states. However, molecular insights into the transcript characteristics of SGCs are limited. Moreover, little is known about the heterogeneity of SGCs in TG, and a more in-depth understanding of the interactions between SGCs and neuron subtypes is needed. Here we show the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) profile of SGCs in TG under physiological conditions. Our results demonstrate TG includes nine types of cell clusters, such as neurons, SGCs, myeloid Schwann cells (mSCs), non-myeloid Schwann cells (nmSCs), immune cells, etc., and the corresponding markers are also presented. We reveal the signature gene expression of SGCs, mSCs and nmSCs in the TG, and analyze the ligand-receptor pairs between neuron subtypes and SGCs in the TG. In the heterogeneity analysis of SGCs, four SGCs subtypes are identified, including subtypes enriched for genes associated with extracellular matrix organization, immediate early genes, interferon beta, and cell adhesion molecules, respectively. Our data suggest the molecular characteristics, heterogeneity of SGCs, and bidirectional interactions between SGCs and neurons, providing a valuable resource for studying SGCs in the TG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Chu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilin Jia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijia Mai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Wenguo Fan, ; Fang Huang,
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China,Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Wenguo Fan, ; Fang Huang,
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24
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FM1-43 Dye Memorizes Piezo1 Activation in the Trigeminal Nociceptive System Implicated in Migraine Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021688. [PMID: 36675204 PMCID: PMC9861983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that mechanosensitive Piezo1 channels trigger migraine pain in trigeminal nociceptive neurons, but the mechanosensitivity of satellite glial cells (SGCs) supporting neuronal sensitization has not been tested before. Moreover, tools to monitor previous Piezo1 activation are not available. Therefore, by using live calcium imaging with Fluo-4 AM and labeling with FM1-43 dye, we explored a new strategy to identify Piezo channels' activity in mouse trigeminal neurons, SGCs, and isolated meninges. The specific Piezo1 agonist Yoda1 induced calcium transients in both neurons and SGCs, suggesting the functional expression of Piezo1 channels in both types of cells. In Piezo1-transfected HEK cells, FM1-43 produced only a transient fluorescent response, whereas co-application with Yoda1 provided higher transient signals and a remarkable long-lasting FM1-43 'tail response'. A similar Piezo1-related FM1-43 trapping was observed in neurons and SGCs. The non-specific Piezo channel blocker, Gadolinium, inhibited the transient peak, confirming the involvement of Piezo1 receptors. Finally, FM1-43 labeling demonstrated previous activity in meningeal tissues 3.5 h after Yoda1 washout. Our data indicated that trigeminal neurons and SGCs express functional Piezo channels, and their activation provides sustained labeling with FM1-43. This long-lasting labelling can be used to monitor the ongoing and previous activation of Piezo1 channels in the trigeminal nociceptive system, which is implicated in migraine pain.
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25
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Baraldi C, Lo Castro F, Ornello R, Sacco S, Pani L, Guerzoni S. OnabotulinumtoxinA: Still the Present for Chronic Migraine. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:59. [PMID: 36668879 PMCID: PMC9865956 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OnabotulinumtoxinA (BT-A) is one of the few drugs approved for the preventive treatment of chronic migraine (CM). Despite this, some aspects of its mechanism of action are still a matter of debate, and the precise magnitude of BT-A effects needs to be completely elucidated. BT-A acts primarily upon trigeminal and cervical nerve endings, by inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators such as calcitonin gene-related peptide, as well as reducing the insertion of ionotropic and metabotropic receptors into the neuronal membrane. These actions increase the depolarization threshold of trigeminal and cervical nerve fibers, thus reducing their activation. The central actions of BT-A are still a matter of debate: a retrograde axonal transport has been postulated, but not clearly assessed in humans. Clinically, the efficacy of BT-A in CM has been assessed by large, randomized placebo-controlled trials, such as the Phase 3 REsearch Evaluating Migraine Prophylaxis Therapy (PREEMPT) trials. Those results were also confirmed in a wide range of open-label studies, even for long-term periods. Recently, novel findings have led to a better understanding of its pharmacological actions and clinical usefulness in migraine prevention. This narrative review summarizes, updates and critically revises the available data on BT-A and its possible implementation in chronic migraine. Moreover, the current role of BT-A in CM treatment has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Baraldi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, PhD School in Neurosciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Flavia Lo Castro
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Post Graduate School of Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ornello
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Simona Sacco
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Luca Pani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Pharmacology Unit, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- VeraSci, Durham, NC 27707, USA
- Department of Specialist Medicines, Digital and Predictive Medicine, Pharmacology and Clinical Metabolic Toxicology-Headache Center and Drug Abuse, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, AOU Policlinico Di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Simona Guerzoni
- Department of Specialist Medicines, Digital and Predictive Medicine, Pharmacology and Clinical Metabolic Toxicology-Headache Center and Drug Abuse, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, AOU Policlinico Di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
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26
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Haehner A, Gossrau G, Bock F, Hummel T, Iannilli E. Migraine Type-Dependent Patterns of Brain Activation After Facial and Intranasal Trigeminal Stimulation. Brain Topogr 2023; 36:52-71. [PMID: 36370239 PMCID: PMC9834371 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-022-00924-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In migraine, the trigeminal nerve is intimately involved in the pathophysiology of the disease. We hypothesized that alterations in the sensory trigeminal activation in migraine would be reflected by EEG-derived event-related potentials (ERP). We aimed to investigate differences in the temporal and spatial processing of trigeminal stimuli between interictal migraine patients and healthy subjects. ERP to trigeminal stimuli were recorded at 128-channels to allow localization of their cortical sources with high temporal resolution. Seventeen patients with episodic migraine without aura, 17 subjects with episodic migraine with aura, and 17 healthy subjects participated in the study. The first branch of the trigeminal nerve was stimulated using intranasal chemical (CO2), cutaneous electrical, and cutaneous mechanical (air puff) stimuli. Analyses were performed with regard to micro-state segmentation, ERP source localization, and correlation with the patients' clinical characteristics. Topographical assessments of EEG configurations were associated with the pathological condition. The source analysis revealed altered trigeminal-sensory response patterns in the precuneus, temporal pole, and cerebellum for both migraine groups during the interictal phase. The estimated current source density was positively correlated with migraine disease duration, indicating brain functional and structural changes as a consequence of the disease. Hyperactivity of the cerebellar posterior lobe was observed as a specific trigeminal response of migraine patients with aura. In conclusion, our results suggest the presence of brain changes accompanying the advancement of migraine as an expression of dysfunctional central pain processing. Hence, we identified EEG patterns in response to mechano-/chemosensory stimuli that can serve as biomarkers of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Haehner
- Smell & Taste Center, Deptartment of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gudrun Gossrau
- Headache Outpatient Clinic, University Pain Center, University Hospital, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Bock
- Smell & Taste Center, Deptartment of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell & Taste Center, Deptartment of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Emilia Iannilli
- Smell & Taste Center, Deptartment of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,Deptartment of Biomed Sci, State Univ of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, USA. .,Deptartment of Psychology, K-F University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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27
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Macionis V. Chronic pain and local pain in usually painless conditions including neuroma may be due to compressive proximal neural lesion. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1037376. [PMID: 36890855 PMCID: PMC9986610 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1037376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been unexplained why chronic pain does not invariably accompany chronic pain-prone disorders. This question-driven, hypothesis-based article suggests that the reason may be varying occurrence of concomitant peripheral compressive proximal neural lesion (cPNL), e.g., radiculopathy and entrapment plexopathies. Transition of acute to chronic pain may involve development or aggravation of cPNL. Nociceptive hypersensitivity induced and/or maintained by cPNL may be responsible for all types of general chronic pain as well as for pain in isolated tissue conditions that are usually painless, e.g., neuroma, scar, and Dupuytren's fibromatosis. Compressive PNL induces focal neuroinflammation, which can maintain dorsal root ganglion neuron (DRGn) hyperexcitability (i.e., peripheral sensitization) and thus fuel central sensitization (i.e., hyperexcitability of central nociceptive pathways) and a vicious cycle of chronic pain. DRGn hyperexcitability and cPNL may reciprocally maintain each other, because cPNL can result from reflexive myospasm-induced myofascial tension, muscle weakness, and consequent muscle imbalance- and/or pain-provoked compensatory overuse. Because of pain and motor fiber damage, cPNL can worsen the causative musculoskeletal dysfunction, which further accounts for the reciprocity between the latter two factors. Sensitization increases nerve vulnerability and thus catalyzes this cycle. Because of these mechanisms and relatively greater number of neurons involved, cPNL is more likely to maintain DRGn hyperexcitability in comparison to distal neural and non-neural lesions. Compressive PNL is associated with restricted neural mobility. Intermittent (dynamic) nature of cPNL may be essential in chronic pain, because healed (i.e., fibrotic) lesions are physiologically silent and, consequently, cannot provide nociceptive input. Not all patients may be equally susceptible to develop cPNL, because occurrence of cPNL may vary as vary patients' predisposition to musculoskeletal impairment. Sensitization is accompanied by pressure pain threshold decrease and consequent mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia, which can cause unusual local pain via natural pressure exerted by space occupying lesions or by their examination. Worsening of local pain is similarly explainable. Neuroma pain may be due to cPNL-induced axonal mechanical sensitivity and hypersensitivity of the nociceptive nervi nervorum of the nerve trunk and its stump. Intermittence and symptomatic complexity of cPNL may be the cause of frequent misdiagnosis of chronic pain.
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28
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Li H, Lee C, Kay LM. Testing effects of trigeminal stimulation on binary odor mixture quality in rats. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1059741. [PMID: 36960175 PMCID: PMC10027748 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1059741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior attempts at forming theoretical predictions regarding the quality of binary odor mixtures have failed to find any consistent predictor for overshadowing of one component in a binary mixture by the other. We test here the hypothesis that trigeminality contributes to overshadowing effects in binary mixture perception. Most odorants stimulate the trigeminal nerve in the nasal sensory epithelium. In the current study we test rats' ability to detect component odorants in four binary odor sets chosen for their relative trigeminality. We predicted that the difference in trigeminal intensity would predict the degree of overshadowing by boosting or suppressing perceptual intensity of these odorants during learning or during mixture perception. We used a two-alternative choice (TAC) task in which rats were trained to recognize the two components of each mixture and tested on a range of mixtures of the two without reinforcement. We found that even though odorant concentrations were adjusted to balance volatility, all odor sets produced asymmetric psychometric curves. Odor pairs with the greatest difference in trigeminality showed overshadowing by the odorant with weaker trigeminal properties. Odor sets with more evenly matched trigeminal properties also showed asymmetry that was not predicted by either small differences in volatility or trigeminality. Thus, trigeminal properties may influence overshadowing in odor mixtures, but other factors are also likely involved. These mixed results further support the need to test each odor mixture to determine its odor quality and underscore recent results at the level of olfactory receptor neurons that show massive and unpredictable inhibition among odorants in complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibo Li
- Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Clara Lee
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Leslie M. Kay
- Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Leslie M. Kay,
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29
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Chaware P, Kumar V, Srivastava A, Raj S, Rathinam BAD. Neurovascular Structures at Risk During Surgical Access to Trigeminal Ganglion and Meckel's Cave - An Anatomical Study. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:62. [PMID: 37200762 PMCID: PMC10186047 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_261_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is difficult to approach the Trigeminal Ganglion (TG) and Meckel's cave (MC) during surgeries. Therefore, the exact knowledge of the relationship of surgical landmarks to related anatomical structures is vital to reduce the associated postoperative morbidity. The aim of the present study was to enhance the knowledge of the surgical anatomy of structures that are present in the conduit of all surgical approaches to TG and MC, their distances from surrounding neurovascular structures, and their variations. Material and Methods The study was carried out on 40 embalmed cadavers (Eight Female) of the anatomy department of a teaching hospital in Central India. Meticulous dissection of cranial fossae was done to locate TG, MC, and related anatomical structures. All distances from TG and MC were measured using an electronic digital calliper. Results Length, width, and thickness of TG were 15.39 mm, 4.39 mm, and 2.54 mm, respectively. The distance from zygomatic arch, the lateral end of the petrous ridge, arcuate eminence, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum to MC was 26.10 mm and 37.94 mm, 16.46 mm, 4.54 mm, and 11.23 mm, respectively. The sixth, fourth, and third cranial nerves were 6.26 mm, 4.94 mm, and 2.53 mm from MC, respectively. The MC was 42.72 mm and 33.87 mm anteromedial from posterior and anterior limits of the sigmoid sinus. Conclusion Findings of the present study will aid surgical planning and decide the approach to TG and MC and avoid surgical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Chaware
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Venkatasurya Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Srivastava
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sumit Raj
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bertha A. D. Rathinam
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Bertha A. D. Rathinam, Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. E-mail:
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30
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Yue G, Zhao Y. Energy metabolism disturbance in migraine: From a mitochondrial point of view. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1133528. [PMID: 37123270 PMCID: PMC10133718 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1133528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a serious central nervous system disease with a high incidence rate. Its pathogenesis is very complex, which brings great difficulties for clinical treatment. Recently, many studies have revealed that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a key role in migraine, which affects the hyperosmotic of Ca2+, the excessive production of free radicals, the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, the imbalance of mPTP opening and closing, and the decrease of oxidative phosphorylation level, which leads to neuronal energy exhaustion and apoptosis, and finally lessens the pain threshold and migraine attack. This article mainly introduces cortical spreading depression, a pathogenesis of migraine, and then damages the related function of mitochondria, which leads to migraine. Oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle are the main ways to provide energy for the body. 95 percent of the energy needed for cell survival is provided by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. At the same time, hypoxia can lead to cell death and migraine. The pathological opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore can promote the interaction between pro-apoptotic protein and mitochondrial, destroy the structure of mPTP, and further lead to cell death. The increase of mPTP permeability can promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which leads to a series of changes in the expression of proteins related to energy metabolism. Both Nitric oxide and Calcitonin gene-related peptide are closely related to the attack of migraine. Recent studies have shown that changes in their contents can also affect the energy metabolism of the body, so this paper reviews the above mechanisms and discusses the mechanism of brain energy metabolism of migraine, to provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of migraine and promote the development of individualized and accurate treatment of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Guangxin Yue
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yonglie Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yonglie Zhao,
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31
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Antonopoulos SR, Durham PL. Grape seed extract suppresses calcitonin gene-related peptide secretion and upregulates expression of GAD 65/67 and GABAB receptor in primary trigeminal ganglion cultures. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:187-197. [PMID: 36093283 PMCID: PMC9449751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The trigeminal ganglion is implicated in the underlying pathology of migraine and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), which are orofacial pain conditions involving peripheral and central sensitization. The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is synthesized in some trigeminal ganglion neurons, and its release promotes inflammation, peripheral and central sensitization, and pain signaling. Recent studies in preclinical migraine and TMD models provide evidence that dietary supplementation with grape seed extract (GSE) inhibits trigeminal pain signaling. The goal of this study was to investigate the cellular mechanisms by which GSE modulates primary trigeminal ganglion cultures. The effect of GSE on CGRP secretion was determined by radioimmunoassay. To determine if GSE effects involved modulation of CGRP or the GABAergic system, expression of CGRP, GAD 65 and 67, GABAA receptor, and GABAB1 and GABAB2 receptor subunits were investigated by immunocytochemistry. GSE significantly inhibited basal CGRP secretion but did not alter neuronal CGRP expression. GAD 65 and 67 expression levels in neurons were significantly increased in response to GSE. While GSE did not cause a change in the neuronal expression of GABAA, GSE significantly increased GABAB1 expression in neurons, satellite glial cells, and Schwann cells. GABAB2 expression was significantly elevated in satellite glia and Schwann cells. These findings support the notion that GSE inhibition of basal CGRP secretion involves increased neuronal GAD 65 and 67 and GABAB receptor expression. GSE repression of CGRP release coupled with increased GABAB1 and GABAB2 glial cell expression would be neuroprotective by suppressing neuronal and glial excitability in the trigeminal ganglion. Grape seed extract inhibited basal CGRP release from cultured trigeminal neurons Neuronal expression of GAD 65/67 and GABAB1 was stimulated by grape seed extract Grape seed extract also increased GABAB1 in satellite glial cells and Schwann cells Glial expression of G protein-coupled GABAB2 was enhanced by grape seed extract Grape seed extract promotes neuroprotective cellular changes in trigeminal ganglion
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KC E, Islam J, Park YS. Trigeminal ganglion itself can be a viable target to manage trigeminal neuralgia. J Headache Pain 2022; 23:150. [PMID: 36424545 PMCID: PMC9686102 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Excruciating trigeminal neuralgia (TN) management is very difficult and severely affects the patient's quality of life. Earlier studies have shown that the trigeminal ganglion (TG) comprises several receptors and signal molecules that are involved in the process of peripheral sensitization, which influences the development and persistence of neuropathic pain. Targeting TG can modulate this sensitization pathway and mediate the pain-relieving effect. So far,there are few studies in which modulation approaches to TG itself have been suggested so far. "Trigeminal ganglion modulation" and "trigeminal neuralgia" were used as search phrases in the Scopus Index and PubMed databases to discover articles that were pertinent to the topic. In this review, we address the role of the trigeminal ganglion in TN and underlying molecules and neuropeptides implicated in trigeminal pain pathways in processing pathological orofacial pain. We also reviewed different modulation approaches in TG for TN management. Furthermore, we discuss the prospect of targeting trigeminal ganglion to manage such intractable pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina KC
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Program in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jaisan Islam
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Program in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young Seok Park
- grid.254229.a0000 0000 9611 0917Program in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea ,grid.411725.40000 0004 1794 4809Department of Neurosurgery, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
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Liu J, Jia S, Huang F, He H, Fan W. Peripheral role of glutamate in orofacial pain. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:929136. [PMID: 36440288 PMCID: PMC9682037 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.929136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. In the periphery, glutamate acts as a transmitter and involves in the signaling and processing of sensory input. Glutamate acts at several types of receptors and also interacts with other transmitters/mediators under various physiological and pathophysiological conditions including chronic pain. The increasing amount of evidence suggests that glutamate may play a role through multiple mechanisms in orofacial pain processing. In this study, we reviewed the current understanding of how peripheral glutamate mediates orofacial pain, how glutamate is regulated in the periphery, and how these findings are translated into therapies for pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyue Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilin Jia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Nie L, Sun K, Gong Z, Li H, Quinn JP, Wang M. Src Family Kinases Facilitate the Crosstalk between CGRP and Cytokines in Sensitizing Trigeminal Ganglion via Transmitting CGRP Receptor/PKA Pathway. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213498. [PMID: 36359895 PMCID: PMC9655983 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The communication between calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and cytokines plays a prominent role in maintaining trigeminal ganglion (TG) and trigeminovascular sensitization. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism is elusive. In this study, we explored the hypothesis that Src family kinases (SFKs) activity facilitates the crosstalk between CGRP and cytokines in sensitizing TG. Mouse TG tissue culture was performed to study CGRP release by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, cytokine release by multiplex assay, cytokine gene expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and phosphorylated SFKs level by western blot. The results demonstrated that a SFKs activator, pYEEI (YGRKKRRQRRREPQY(PO3H2)EEIPIYL) alone, did not alter CGRP release or the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) gene expression in the mouse TG. In contrast, a SFKs inhibitor, saracatinib, restored CGRP release, the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, C-X-C motif ligand 1, C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) release, and IL-1β, CCL2 gene expression when the mouse TG was pre-sensitized with hydrogen peroxide and CGRP respectively. Consistently with this, the phosphorylated SFKs level was increased by both hydrogen peroxide and CGRP in the mouse TG, which was reduced by a CGRP receptor inhibitor BIBN4096 and a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor PKI (14–22) Amide. The present study demonstrates that SFKs activity plays a pivotal role in facilitating the crosstalk between CGRP and cytokines by transmitting CGRP receptor/PKA signaling to potentiate TG sensitization and ultimately trigeminovascular sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Nie
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Kai Sun
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ziyang Gong
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haoyang Li
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China
| | - John P. Quinn
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Minyan Wang
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- Correspondence:
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35
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Lund AM, Hannibal J. Localization of the neuropeptides pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and their receptors in the basal brain blood vessels and trigeminal ganglion of the mouse CNS; an immunohistochemical study. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:991403. [PMID: 36387999 PMCID: PMC9643199 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.991403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) are structurally related neuropeptides that are widely expressed in vertebrate tissues. The two neuropeptides are pleiotropic and have been associated with migraine pathology. Three PACAP and VIP receptors have been described: PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2. The localization of these receptors in relation to VIP and PACAP in migraine-relevant structures has not previously been shown in mice. In the present study, we used fluorescence immunohistochemistry, well-characterized antibodies, confocal microscopy, and three-dimensional reconstruction to visualize the distribution of PACAP, VIP, and their receptors in the basal blood vessels (circle of Willis), trigeminal ganglion, and brain stem spinal trigeminal nucleus (SP5) of the mouse CNS. We demonstrated a dense network of circularly oriented VIP fibers on the basal blood vessels. PACAP nerve fibers were fewer in numbers compared to VIP fibers and ran along the long axis of the blood vessels, colocalized with calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). The nerve fibers expressing CGRP are believed to be sensorial, with neuronal somas localized in the trigeminal ganglion and PACAP was found in a subpopulation of these CGRP-neurons. Immunostaining of the receptors revealed that only the VPAC1 receptor was present in the basal blood vessels, localized on the surface cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle cells and innervated by VIP fibers. No staining was seen for the PAC1, VPAC1, or VPAC2 receptor in the trigeminal ganglion. However, distinct PAC1 immunoreactivity was found in neurons innervated by PACAP nerve terminals located in the spinal trigeminal nucleus. These findings indicate that the effect of VIP is mediated via the VPAC1 receptor in the basal arteries. The role of PACAP in cerebral arteries is less clear. The localization of PACAP in a subpopulation of CGRP-expressing neurons in the trigeminal ganglion points toward a primary sensory function although a dendritic release cannot be excluded which could stimulate the VPAC1 receptor or the PAC1 and VPAC2 receptors on immune cells in the meninges, initiating neurogenic inflammation relevant for migraine pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Lund
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Hannibal
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Jens Hannibal,
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Jia S, Liu J, Chu Y, Liu Q, Mai L, Fan W. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals distinct transcriptional features of the purinergic signaling in mouse trigeminal ganglion. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1038539. [PMID: 36311028 PMCID: PMC9606672 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1038539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal ganglion (TG) is the first station of sensory pathways in the orofacial region. The TG neurons communicate with satellite glial cells (SGCs), macrophages and other cells forming a functional unit that is responsible for processing of orofacial sensory information. Purinergic signaling, one of the most widespread autocrine and paracrine pathways, plays a crucial role in intercellular communication. The multidirectional action of purinergic signaling in different cell types contributes to the neuromodulation and orofacial sensation. To fully understand the purinergic signaling in these processes, it is essential to determine the shared and unique expression patterns of genes associated with purinergic signaling in different cell types. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of 22,969 cells isolated from normal mouse TGs. We identified 18 distinct cell populations, including 6 neuron subpopulations, 3 glial subpopulations, 7 immune cell subpopulations, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. We also revealed the transcriptional features of genes associated with purinergic signaling, including purinergic receptors, extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) release channels, eATP metabolism-associated enzymes, and eATP transporters in each cell type. Our results have important implications for understanding and predicting the cell type-specific roles of the purinergic signaling in orofacial signal processing in the trigeminal primary sensory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Jia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - JinYue Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanhao Chu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijia Mai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenguo Fan,
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Rattanawong W, Rapoport A, Srikiatkhachorn A. Neurobiology of migraine progression. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2022; 12:100094. [PMID: 35720639 PMCID: PMC9204797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2022.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chronic migraine is one of the most devastating headache disorders. The estimated prevalence is 1.4-2.2% in the population. The factors which may predispose to the process of migraine progression include high frequency of migraine attacks, medication overuse, comorbid pain syndromes, and obesity. Several studies showed that chronic migraine results in the substantial anatomical and physiological changes in the brain. Despite no clear explanation regarding the pathophysiologic process leading to the progression, certain features such as increased sensory sensitivity, cutaneous allodynia, impaired habituation, identify the neuronal hyperexcitability as the plausible mechanism. In this review, we describe two main mechanisms which can lead to this hyperexcitability. The first is persistent sensitization caused by repetitive and prolonged trigeminal nociceptive activation. This process results in changes in several brain networks related to both pain and non-pain behaviours. The second mechanism is the decrease in endogenous brainstem inhibitory control, hence increasing the excitability of neurons in the trigeminal noceptive system and cerebral cortex. The combination of increased pain matrix connectivity, including hypothalamic hyperactivity and a weak serotonergic system, may contribute to migraine chronification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanakorn Rattanawong
- Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 10520, Thailand
| | - Alan Rapoport
- Department of Neurology, The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Anan Srikiatkhachorn
- Faculty of Medicine, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 10520, Thailand
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Abstract
Headache disorders can produce recurrent, incapacitating pain. Migraine and cluster headache are notable for their ability to produce significant disability. The anatomy and physiology of headache disorders is fundamental to evolving treatment approaches and research priorities. Key concepts in headache mechanisms include activation and sensitization of trigeminovascular, brainstem, thalamic, and hypothalamic neurons; modulation of cortical brain regions; and activation of descending pain circuits. This review will examine the relevant anatomy of the trigeminal, brainstem, subcortical, and cortical brain regions and concepts related to the pathophysiology of migraine and cluster headache disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Harriott
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yulia Orlova
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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The Anti-CGRP Antibody Fremanezumab Lowers CGRP Release from Rat Dura Mater and Meningeal Blood Flow. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111768. [PMID: 35681463 PMCID: PMC9179471 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies directed against the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) belong to a new generation of therapeutics that are effective in the prevention of migraine. CGRP, a potent vasodilator, is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine, but its role remains to be fully elucidated. The hemisected rat head preparation and laser Doppler flowmetry were used to examine the effects on CGRP release from the dura mater and meningeal blood flow of the subcutaneously injected anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody fremanezumab at 30 mg/kg, when compared to an isotype control antibody. Some rats were administered glycerol trinitrate (GTN) intraperitoneally to produce a migraine-like sensitized state. When compared to the control antibody, the fremanezumab injection was followed by reduced basal and capsaicin-evoked CGRP release from day 3 up to 30 days. The difference was enhanced after 4 h of GTN application. The samples from the female rats showed a higher CGRP release compared to that of the males. The increases in meningeal blood flow induced by acrolein (100 µM) and capsaicin (100 nM) were reduced 13–20 days after the fremanezumab injection, and the direct vasoconstrictor effect of high capsaicin (10 µM) was intensified. In conclusion, fremanezumab lowers the CGRP release and lasts up to four weeks, thereby lowering the CGRP-dependent meningeal blood flow. The antibody may not only prevent the released CGRP from binding but may also influence the CGRP release stimulated by noxious agents relevant for the generation of migraine pain.
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40
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Silveira FD, Gomes FIF, do Val DR, Freitas HC, de Assis EL, de Almeida DKC, Braz HLB, Barbosa FG, Mafezoli J, da Silva MR, Jorge RJB, Clemente-Napimoga JT, Costa DVDS, Brito GADC, Pinto VDPT, Cristino-Filho G, Bezerra MM, Chaves HV. Biological and Molecular Docking Evaluation of a Benzylisothiocyanate Semisynthetic Derivative From Moringa oleifera in a Pre-clinical Study of Temporomandibular Joint Pain. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:742239. [PMID: 35546897 PMCID: PMC9083263 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.742239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Moringa oleifera possesses multiple biological effects and the 4-[(4′-O-acetyl-α-L- rhamnosyloxy) benzyl] isothiocyanate accounts for them. Based on the original isothiocyanate molecule we obtained a semisynthetic derivative, named 4-[(2′,3′,4′-O-triacetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy) N-benzyl] hydrazine carbothioamide (MC-H) which was safe and effective in a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammatory hypernociception in rats. Therefore, considering that there is still a gap in the knowledge concerning the mechanisms of action through which the MC-H effects are mediated, this study aimed to investigate the involvement of the adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, CD55), the pathways heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NO/cGMP/PKG/K+ATP, and the central opioid receptors in the efficacy of the MC-H in a pre-clinical study of TMJ pain. Methods Molecular docking studies were performed to test the binding performance of MC-H against the ten targets of interest (ICAM-1, CD55, HO-1, iNOS, soluble cGMP, cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), K+ATP channel, mu (μ), kappa (κ), and delta (δ) opioid receptors). In in vivo studies, male Wistar rats were treated with MC-H 1 μg/kg before TMJ formalin injection and nociception was evaluated. Periarticular tissues were removed to assess ICAM-1 and CD55 protein levels by Western blotting. To investigate the role of HO-1 and NO/cGMP/PKG/K+ATP pathways, the inhibitors ZnPP-IX, aminoguanidine, ODQ, KT5823, or glibenclamide were used. To study the involvement of opioid receptors, rats were pre-treated (15 min) with an intrathecal injection of non-selective inhibitor naloxone or with CTOP, naltrindole, or norbinaltorphimine. Results All interactions presented acceptable binding energy values (below −6.0 kcal/mol) which suggest MC-H might strongly bind to its molecular targets. MC-H reduced the protein levels of ICAM-1 and CD55 in periarticular tissues. ZnPP-IX, naloxone, CTOP, and naltrindole reversed the antinociceptive effect of MC-H. Conclusion MC-H demonstrated antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects peripherally by the activation of the HO-1 pathway, as well as through inhibition of the protein levels of adhesion molecules, and centrally by μ and δ opioid receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Danielle Rocha do Val
- Graduate Programme in Biotechnology, North-Eastern Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Helyson Lucas Bezerra Braz
- Graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Jair Mafezoli
- Graduate Programme in Chemistry, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Jeane Bezerra Jorge
- Graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Deiziane Viana da Silva Costa
- Graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Gerly Anne de Castro Brito
- Graduate Program in Morphofunctional Sciences, Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Vicente de Paulo Teixeira Pinto
- Graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Gerardo Cristino-Filho
- Graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Mirna Marques Bezerra
- Graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.,Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil
| | - Hellíada Vasconcelos Chaves
- Graduate Programme in Health Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.,Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Sobral, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Rees TA, Russo AF, O’Carroll SJ, Hay DL, Walker CS. CGRP and the Calcitonin Receptor are Co-Expressed in Mouse, Rat and Human Trigeminal Ganglia Neurons. Front Physiol 2022; 13:860037. [PMID: 35620595 PMCID: PMC9128745 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.860037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is expressed in the trigeminal ganglia, a key site in craniofacial pain and migraine. CGRP potently activates two receptors: the CGRP receptor and the AMY1 receptor. These receptors are heterodimers consisting of receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) with either the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) to form the CGRP receptor or the calcitonin receptor (CTR) to form the AMY1 receptor. The expression of the CGRP receptor in trigeminal ganglia has been described in several studies; however, there is comparatively limited data available describing AMY1 receptor expression and in which cellular subtypes it is found. This research aimed to determine the relative distributions of the AMY1 receptor subunit, CTR, and CGRP in neurons or glia in rat, mouse and human trigeminal ganglia. Antibodies against CTR, CGRP and neuronal/glial cell markers were applied to trigeminal ganglia sections to investigate their distribution. CTR-like and CGRP-like immunoreactivity were observed in both discrete and overlapping populations of neurons. In rats and mice, 30–40% of trigeminal ganglia neurons displayed CTR-like immunoreactivity in their cell bodies, with approximately 78–80% of these also containing CGRP-like immunoreactivity. Although human cases were more variable, a similar overall pattern of CTR-like immunoreactivity to rodents was observed in the human trigeminal ganglia. CTR and CGRP appeared to be primarily colocalized in small to medium sized neurons, suggesting that colocalization of CTR and CGRP may occur in C-fiber neurons. CGRP-like or CTR-like immunoreactivity were not typically observed in glial cells. Western blotting confirmed that CTR was expressed in the trigeminal ganglia of all three species. These results confirm that CTR is expressed in trigeminal ganglia neurons. The identification of populations of neurons that express both CGRP and CTR suggests that CGRP could act in an autocrine manner through a CTR-based receptor, such as the AMY1 receptor. Overall, this suggests that a trigeminal ganglia CTR-based receptor may be activated during migraine and could therefore represent a potential target to develop treatments for craniofacial pain and migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayla A. Rees
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew F. Russo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Veterans Administration Health Center, Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Simon J. O’Carroll
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Debbie L. Hay, ; Christopher S. Walker,
| | - Christopher S. Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Debbie L. Hay, ; Christopher S. Walker,
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42
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Harrison KS, Jones C. Regulation of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-reactivation cycle and ocular disease by cellular signaling pathways. Exp Eye Res 2022; 218:109017. [PMID: 35240194 PMCID: PMC9191828 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Following acute infection, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) establishes life-long latency in sensory and other neurons. Recurrent ocular HSV-1 outbreaks are generally due to reactivation from latency. The HSV-1 latency-reactivation cycle is a complex virus-host relationship. The viral encoded latency-associated transcript (LAT) is abundantly expressed in latency and encodes several micro-RNAs and other small non-coding RNAs, which may regulate expression of key viral and cellular genes. Certain cellular signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin and mTOR pathway, mediate certain aspect of the latency-reactivation cycle. Stress, via activation of the glucocorticoid receptor and other stress induced cellular transcription factors, are predicted to trigger reactivation from latency by stimulating viral gene expression and impairing immune responses and inflammation. These observations suggest stress and certain cellular signaling pathways play key roles in regulating the latency-reactivation cycle and recurrent ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S Harrison
- Oklahoma State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Rm 250 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
| | - Clinton Jones
- Oklahoma State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Rm 250 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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Réaux-Le-Goazigo A, Beliard B, Delay L, Rahal L, Claron J, Renaudin N, Rivals I, Thibaut M, Nouhoum M, Deffieux T, Tanter M, Pezet S. Ultrasound localization microscopy and functional ultrasound imaging reveal atypical features of the trigeminal ganglion vasculature. Commun Biol 2022; 5:330. [PMID: 35393515 PMCID: PMC8989975 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional imaging within the trigeminal ganglion (TG) is highly challenging due to its small size and deep localization. This study combined a methodological framework able to dive into the rat trigeminal nociceptive system by jointly providing 1) imaging of the TG blood vasculature at microscopic resolution, and 2) the measurement of hemodynamic responses evoked by orofacial stimulations in anesthetized rats. Despite the small number of sensory neurons within the TG, functional ultrasound imaging was able to image and quantify a strong and highly localized hemodynamic response in the ipsilateral TG, evoked not only by mechanical or chemical stimulations of corneal nociceptive fibers, but also by cutaneous mechanical stimulations of the ophthalmic and maxillary orofacial regions using a von Frey hair. The in vivo quantitative imaging of the TG’s vasculature using ultrasound localization microscopy combined with in toto labelling reveals particular features of the vascularization of the area containing the sensory neurons, that are likely the origin of this strong vaso-trigeminal response. This innovative imaging approach opens the path for future studies on the mechanisms underlying changes in trigeminal local blood flow and evoked hemodynamic responses, key mechanisms for the understanding and treatment of debilitating trigeminal pain conditions. Visualisation of rat trigeminal ganglia activation during ophthalmic or maxillary nociceptive stimulations shows atypical tortuous vascularisation and a somatotopic hemodynamic response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoit Beliard
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Lauriane Delay
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Line Rahal
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Julien Claron
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Noémi Renaudin
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Rivals
- Equipe de Statistique Appliquée, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, UMRS 1158, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Miguel Thibaut
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Mohamed Nouhoum
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France.,Iconeus, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Deffieux
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Mickael Tanter
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Pezet
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, 17 rue Moreau, 75012, Paris, France.
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Oral squamous cell carcinoma-released brain-derived neurotrophic factor contributes to oral cancer pain by peripheral tropomyosin receptor kinase B activation. Pain 2022; 163:496-507. [PMID: 34321412 PMCID: PMC8678394 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Oral cancer pain is debilitating and understanding mechanisms for it is critical to develop novel treatment strategies treatment strategies. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling is elevated in oral tumor biopsies and is involved with tumor progression. Whether BDNF signaling in oral tumors contributes to cancer-induced pain is not known. The current study evaluates a novel peripheral role of BDNF-tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling in oral cancer pain. Using human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells and an orthotopic mouse tongue cancer pain model, we found that BDNF levels were upregulated in superfusates and lysates of tumor tongues and that BDNF was expressed by OSCC cells themselves. Moreover, neutralization of BDNF or inhibition of TrkB activity by ANA12, within the tumor-bearing tongue reversed tumor-induced pain-like behaviors in a sex-dependent manner. Oral squamous cell carcinoma conditioned media also produced pain-like behaviors in naïve male mice that was reversed by local injection of ANA12. On a physiological level, using single-fiber tongue-nerve electrophysiology, we found that acutely blocking TrkB receptors reversed tumor-induced mechanical sensitivity of A-slow high threshold mechanoreceptors. Furthermore, single-cell reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction data of retrogradely labeled lingual neurons demonstrated expression of full-form TrkB and truncated TrkB in distinct neuronal subtypes. Last but not the least, intra-TG siRNA for TrkB also reversed tumor-induced orofacial pain behaviors. Our data suggest that TrkB activities on lingual sensory afferents are partly controlled by local release of OSCC-derived BDNF, thereby contributing to oral cancer pain. This is a novel finding and the first demonstration of a peripheral role for BDNF signaling in oral cancer pain.
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Edvinsson JCA, Maddahi A, Christiansen IM, Reducha PV, Warfvinge K, Sheykhzade M, Edvinsson L, Haanes KA. Lasmiditan and 5-Hydroxytryptamine in the rat trigeminal system; expression, release and interactions with 5-HT 1 receptors. J Headache Pain 2022; 23:26. [PMID: 35177004 PMCID: PMC8903724 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors 1B, 1D and 1F have key roles in migraine pharmacotherapy. Selective agonists targeting these receptors, such as triptans and ditans, are effective in aborting acute migraine attacks and inhibit the in vivo release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in human and animal models. The study aimed to examine the localization, genetic expression and functional aspects of 5- HT1B/1D/1F receptors in the trigeminal system in order to further understand the molecular sites of action of triptans (5-HT1B/1D) and ditans (5-HT1F). Methods Utilizing immunohistochemistry, the localization of 5-HT and of 5-HT1B/1D/1F receptors was examined in rat trigeminal ganglion (TG) and combined with quantitative polymerase chain reaction to quantify the level of expression for 5-HT1B/1D/1F receptors in the TG. The functional role of these receptors was examined ex vivo with a capsaicin/potassium induced 5-HT and CGRP release. Results 5-HT immunoreactivity (ir) was observed in a minority of CGRP negative C-fibres, most neuron somas and faintly in A-fibres and Schwann cell neurolemma. 5-HT1B/1D receptors were expressed in the TG, while the 5-HT1F receptor displayed a weak ir. The 5-HT1D receptor co-localized with receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) in Aδ-fibres in the TG, while 5-HT1B-ir was weakly expressed and 5-HT1F-ir was not detected in these fibres. None of the 5-HT1 receptors co-localized with CGRP-ir in C-fibres. 5-HT1D receptor mRNA was the most prominently expressed, followed by the 5-HT1B receptor and lastly the 5-HT1F receptor. The 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptor antagonist, GR127935, could reverse the inhibitory effect of Lasmiditan (a selective 5-HT1F receptor agonist) on CGRP release in the soma-rich TG but not in soma-poor TG or dura mater. 5-HT release in the soma-rich TG, and 5-HT content in the baseline samples, negatively correlated with CGRP levels, showing for the first time a physiological role for 5-HT induced inhibition. Conclusion This study reveals the presence of a subgroup of C-fibres that store 5-HT. The data shows high expression of 5-HT1B/1D receptors and suggests that the 5-HT1F receptor is a relatively unlikely target in the rat TG. Furthermore, Lasmiditan works as a partial agonist on 5-HT1B/1D receptors in clinically relevant dose regiments. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10194-022-01394-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C A Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark. .,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Aida Maddahi
- Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isabella M Christiansen
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip V Reducha
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Warfvinge
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark.,Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Majid Sheykhzade
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark.,Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristian A Haanes
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rees T, Hendrikse E, Hay D, Walker C. Beyond CGRP: The calcitonin peptide family as targets for migraine and pain. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:381-399. [PMID: 34187083 PMCID: PMC9441195 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The CGRP system has emerged as a key pharmacological target for the treatment of migraine. However, some individuals who suffer from migraine have low or no response to anti-CGRP or other treatments, suggesting the need for additional clinical targets. CGRP belongs to the calcitonin family of peptides, which includes calcitonin, amylin, adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin 2. These peptides display a range of pro-nociceptive and anti-nociceptive actions, in primary headache conditions such as migraine. Calcitonin family peptides also show expression at sites relevant to migraine and pain. This suggests that calcitonin family peptides and their receptors, beyond CGRP, may be therapeutically useful in the treatment of migraine and other pain disorders. This review considers the localisation of the calcitonin family in peripheral pain pathways and discusses how they may contribute to migraine and pain. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Migraine and Headache Therapy (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.3/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.A. Rees
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E.R Hendrikse
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ
| | - D.L. Hay
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Corresponding author(s): Christopher S Walker, , Debbie L. Hay,
| | - C.S Walker
- School of Biological Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Corresponding author(s): Christopher S Walker, , Debbie L. Hay,
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Guerrero-Toro C, Koroleva K, Ermakova E, Gafurov O, Abushik P, Tavi P, Sitdikova G, Giniatullin R. Testing the Role of Glutamate NMDA Receptors in Peripheral Trigeminal Nociception Implicated in Migraine Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031529. [PMID: 35163452 PMCID: PMC8835926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The pro-nociceptive role of glutamate in the CNS in migraine pathophysiology is well established. Glutamate, released from trigeminal afferents, activates second order nociceptive neurons in the brainstem. However, the function of peripheral glutamate receptors in the trigeminovascular system suggested as the origin site for migraine pain, is less known. In the current project, we used calcium imaging and patch clamp recordings from trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons, immunolabelling, CGRP assay and direct electrophysiological recordings from rat meningeal afferents to investigate the role of glutamate in trigeminal nociception. Glutamate, aspartate, and, to a lesser extent, NMDA under free-magnesium conditions, evoked calcium transients in a fraction of isolated TG neurons, indicating functional expression of NMDA receptors. The fraction of NMDA sensitive neurons was increased by the migraine mediator CGRP. NMDA also activated slowly desensitizing currents in 37% of TG neurons. However, neither glutamate nor NMDA changed the level of extracellular CGRP. TG neurons expressed both GluN2A and GluN2B subunits of NMDA receptors. In addition, after removal of magnesium, NMDA activated persistent spiking activity in a fraction of trigeminal nerve fibers in meninges. Thus, glutamate activates NMDA receptors in somas of TG neurons and their meningeal nerve terminals in magnesium-dependent manner. These findings suggest that peripherally released glutamate can promote excitation of meningeal afferents implicated in generation of migraine pain in conditions of inherited or acquired reduced magnesium blockage of NMDA channels and support the usage of magnesium supplements in migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Guerrero-Toro
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (C.G.-T.); (K.K.); (P.A.); (P.T.)
| | - Kseniia Koroleva
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (C.G.-T.); (K.K.); (P.A.); (P.T.)
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.E.); (O.G.)
| | - Elizaveta Ermakova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.E.); (O.G.)
| | - Oleg Gafurov
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.E.); (O.G.)
| | - Polina Abushik
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (C.G.-T.); (K.K.); (P.A.); (P.T.)
- Laboratory of Comparative Neurophysiology, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pasi Tavi
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (C.G.-T.); (K.K.); (P.A.); (P.T.)
| | - Guzel Sitdikova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.E.); (O.G.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (R.G.); Tel.: +7-9033061092 (G.S.); +358-403553665 (R.G.)
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (C.G.-T.); (K.K.); (P.A.); (P.T.)
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (E.E.); (O.G.)
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (R.G.); Tel.: +7-9033061092 (G.S.); +358-403553665 (R.G.)
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Nie L, Jiang L, Quinn JP, Grubb BD, Wang M. TRPA1-Mediated Src Family Kinases Activity Facilitates Cortical Spreading Depression Susceptibility and Trigeminovascular System Sensitization. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12273. [PMID: 34830154 PMCID: PMC8620265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) plays a role in migraine and is proposed as a promising target for migraine therapy. However, TRPA1-induced signaling in migraine pathogenesis is poorly understood. In this study, we explored the hypothesis that Src family kinases (SFKs) transmit TRPA1 signaling in regulating cortical spreading depression (CSD), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release and neuroinflammation. CSD was monitored in mouse brain slices via intrinsic optical imaging, and in rats using electrophysiology. CGRP level and IL-1β gene expression in mouse trigeminal ganglia (TG) was detected using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction respectively. The results showed a SFKs activator, pYEEI (EPQY(PO3H2)EEEIPIYL), reversed the reduced cortical susceptibility to CSD by an anti-TRPA1 antibody in mouse brain slices. Additionally, the increased cytosolic phosphorylated SFKs at Y416 induced by CSD in rat ipsilateral cerebral cortices was attenuated by pretreatment of the anti-TRPA1 antibody perfused into contralateral ventricles. In mouse TG, a SFKs inhibitor, saracatinib, restored the CGRP release and IL-1β mRNA level increased by a TRPA1 activator, umbellulone. Moreover, umbellulone promoted SFKs phosphorylation, which was reduced by a PKA inhibitor, PKI (14-22) Amide. These data reveal a novel mechanism of migraine pathogenesis by which TRPA1 transmits signaling to SFKs via PKA facilitating CSD susceptibility and trigeminovascular system sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Nie
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China; (L.N.); (L.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Liwen Jiang
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China; (L.N.); (L.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
| | - John P. Quinn
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Blair D. Grubb
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
| | - Minyan Wang
- Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), Suzhou 215123, China; (L.N.); (L.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK; (J.P.Q.); (B.D.G.)
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Tajti J, Szok D, Nyári A, Vécsei L. CGRP and CGRP-receptor as targets of migraine therapy: Brain Prize-2021. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:460-478. [PMID: 34635045 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666211011110307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is a highly prevalent primary headache with an unclear pathomechanism. During the last 40 years numerous hypotheses have arisen, among them the theory of the trigeminovascular system is the primary one. It serves as a skeleton in successful preclinical studies and in the development of effective therapeutic options for migraine headache. OBJECTIVE The Brain Prize (awarded annually by the Lundbeck Foundation) is the most prestigious tribute in neuroscience. The winners in 2021 were Lars Edvinsson, Peter Goadsby, Michael Moskowitz and Jes Olesen. They are the fathers of the migraine pathomechanism which led to revolutionary new treatments. This review summarizes their landmark findings. METHODS Data related to this topic were reviewed from PubMed records published between 1979 and May 2021. Searches were based on preclinical and clinical studies in the covered field. The findings were listed in chronological order. From a therapeutic perspective, only randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis were discussed. RESULTS The calcitonin gene-related peptide-related pathogenesis of migraine is based on the activation of the trigeminovascular system. The therapeutic triad for migraine is triptans, gepants and calcitonin gene-related peptide-targeted monoclonal antibodies. CONCLUSION In the past 40 years, the systematic work of leading headache scientists has resulted in robust theoretical and therapeutic knowledge in the preclinical and clinical study of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- János Tajti
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Szeged. Hungary
| | - Délia Szok
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Szeged. Hungary
| | - Aliz Nyári
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Szeged. Hungary
| | - László Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 6, H-6725, Szeged. Hungary
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Protective Effects of PACAP in a Rat Model of Diabetic Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910691. [PMID: 34639032 PMCID: PMC8509403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide with a widespread occurrence and diverse effects. PACAP has well-documented neuro- and cytoprotective effects, proven in numerous studies. Among others, PACAP is protective in models of diabetes-associated diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. As the neuropeptide has strong neurotrophic and neuroprotective actions, we aimed at investigating the effects of PACAP in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy, another common complication of diabetes. Rats were treated with PACAP1-38 every second day for 8 weeks starting simultaneously with the streptozotocin injection. Nerve fiber morphology was examined with electron microscopy, chronic neuronal activation in pain processing centers was studied with FosB immunohistochemistry, and functionality was assessed by determining the mechanical nociceptive threshold. PACAP treatment did not alter body weight or blood glucose levels during the 8-week observation period. However, PACAP attenuated the mechanical hyperalgesia, compared to vehicle-treated diabetic animals, and it markedly reduced the morphological signs characteristic for neuropathy: axon–myelin separation, mitochondrial fission, unmyelinated fiber atrophy, and basement membrane thickening of endoneurial vessels. Furthermore, PACAP attenuated the increase in FosB immunoreactivity in the dorsal spinal horn and periaqueductal grey matter. Our results show that PACAP is a promising therapeutic agent in diabetes-associated complications, including diabetic neuropathy.
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