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Alexander G, Hanns-Joachim R, Stefan K, Eckhard W, Helmut B, Mathias B. Parapoxvirus species revisited by whole genome sequencing: A retrospective analysis of bovine virus isolates. Virus Res 2024; 346:199404. [PMID: 38782262 PMCID: PMC11152744 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Parapoxviruses (PPV) of animals are spread worldwide. While the Orf virus (ORFV) species is a molecularly well-characterized prototype pathogen of small ruminants, the genomes of virus species affecting large ruminants, namely Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) and Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV), are less well known. Using Nanopore sequencing we retrospectively show the whole genome sequences (WGS) of six BPSV, three PCPV isolates and an attenuated ORFV strain, originating from different geographic locations. A phylogenetic tree shows that the de novo assembled genomes belong to PPV species including WGS of reference PPV. Remarkably, Nanopore sequencing allowed the molecular resolution of inverted terminal repeats (ITR) and the hairpin loop within the de novo assembled WGS. Additionally, peculiarities regarding map location of two genes and the heterogeneity of a genomic region were noted. Details for the molecular variability of an interferon response modulatory gene (ORF116) and the PCPV specificity of gene 073.5 are reported. In summary, WGS gained by Nanopore sequencing allowed analysis of complete PPV genomes and confident virus species attribution within a phylogenetic tree avoiding uncertainty of limited gene-based diagnostics. Nanopore-based WGS provides robust comparison of PPV genomes and reliable identity determination of new Poxviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graf Alexander
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Dept. Genomics, Gene Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Rziha Hanns-Joachim
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Krebs Stefan
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Dept. Genomics, Gene Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Wolf Eckhard
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Dept. Genomics, Gene Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Blum Helmut
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Dept. Genomics, Gene Centre, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Büttner Mathias
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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2
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Khudhair YI, Rhyif AG, Mayea KQ, Said MB. Prevalence, clinico-epidemiological features, and molecular characterization of bovine papular stomatitis virus in cattle in Iraq. Arch Virol 2024; 169:152. [PMID: 38902518 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-06061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) is a parapoxvirus that infects cattle, causing skin lesions on the udder and mouth. There have been few studies on the prevalence and molecular characteristics of BPSV in Iraq. Here, we describe the prevalence, phylogenetic analysis, and clinico-epidemiological features of BPSV in cattle in Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq. A total of 264 animals were examined for teat and oral lesions, and BPSV was detected by PCR in 79.9% (211/264) of cattle and calves with skin lesions. The lesions included ulcers, papules, and scabby proliferative areas. The BPSV strains from Iraq clustered phylogenetically with BPSV strains detected in the USA. Further studies are needed to explore the evolution and epidemiology of this virus in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahia Ismail Khudhair
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq.
| | - Atiaf Ghanim Rhyif
- Department of pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Khetam Qaid Mayea
- Unit of Zoonotic Disease Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Al-Qadisiyah University, Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Mourad Ben Said
- Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia.
- Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Manouba, Tunisia.
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3
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Delhon G, Khatiwada S, Doub D, Harris S, Chaulagain S, El-Gaffary M, Rock DL. Bovine papular stomatitis virus as a vaccine vector for cattle. J Gen Virol 2023; 104:001914. [PMID: 37976092 PMCID: PMC10768693 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus vectored vaccines are not available commercially for cattle even though compelling potential applications exist. Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV), a highly prevalent parapoxvirus, causes self-limited oral lesions in cattle. Ability of virus to accommodate large amounts of foreign DNA, induce low level of antiviral immunity, and circulate and likely persist in cattle populations, make BPSV an attractive candidate viral vector. Here, recombinant BPSV were constructed expressing either Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) glycoprotein gD (BPSVgD), or gD and gB (BPSVgD/gB). Immunization of BPSV serologically-positive calves with BPSVgD or BPSVgD/gB induced BoHV-1 neutralization antibodies and provided protection for three of four animals following a high dose BoHV-1 challenge at day 70 pi. Results indicate BPSV suitability as a candidate virus vector for cattle vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Delhon
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sushil Khatiwada
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Present address: Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Ames, IA, USA
| | - David Doub
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Seth Harris
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sabal Chaulagain
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Present address: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mostafa El-Gaffary
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Present address: Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Daniel L. Rock
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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4
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Mangga HK, Bala JA, Balakrishnan KN, Bukar AM, Lawan Z, Gambo A, Jesse FFA, Noordin MM, Mohd-Azmi ML. Genome-Wide Analysis and Molecular Characterization of Orf Virus Strain UPM/HSN-20 Isolated From Goat in Malaysia. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:877149. [PMID: 35898905 PMCID: PMC9309513 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.877149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Contagious ecthyma commonly known as Orf is a globally important, highly contagious zoonotic, transboundary disease that affects domestic and wild ruminants. The disease is of great economic significance causing an immense impact on animal health, welfare, productivity, and trade. Detailed analysis of the viral genome is crucial to further elucidate the molecular mechanism of Orf virus (ORFV) pathogenesis. In the present study, a confluent monolayer of lamb testicle cells was infected with the processed scab sample obtained from an infected goat. The presence of the virus was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction and electron microscopy, while its genome was sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. The genome sequence of Malaysian ORFV strain UPM/HSN-20 was found to contain 132,124 bp with a G + C content of 63.7%. The homology analysis indicates that UPM/HSN-20 has a high level of identity 97.3–99.0% with the other reference ORFV strain. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ORFV strain UPM/HSN-20 is genetically more closely related to ORFV strain XY and NP from China. The availability of the genome-wide analysis of ORFV UPM/HSN-20 strain from Malaysia will serve as a good platform for further understanding of genetic diversity, ORFV infection, and strategic development for control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassana Kyari Mangga
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Hassana Kyari Mangga,
| | - Jamilu Abubakar Bala
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Krishnan Nair Balakrishnan
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Alhaji Modu Bukar
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - Zaharaddeen Lawan
- Department of Agricultural Technology, College of Agriculture, Hussaini Adamu Federal Polytechnic, Kazaure, Nigeria
| | - Auwal Gambo
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mustapha M. Noordin
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Mohd-Lila Mohd-Azmi
- Virology Unit, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Mohd-Lila Mohd-Azmi,
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5
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Genetic analysis of two viroceptor genes of orf virus. Arch Virol 2022; 167:1577-1582. [PMID: 35567695 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05447-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we analyzed the chemokine-binding protein (CBP) and the GM-CSF/IL-2 inhibition factor (GIF) of orf virus (ORFV) isolates of sheep and goat origin from different geographical regions of India. Both are immunomodulatory proteins known for their unique strategy of establishing short-term immunity and re-infection in their host. The GIF gene is highly conserved, whereas the CBP gene is highly variable. Both the proteins have conserved potential N-glycosylation sites. The GIF protein contains the "WDPWV" motif responsible for receptor activation. In addition, the SUSHI/short consensus repeats (SCR) domain is reported for the first time in ORFV. Both proteins could potentially be used as immunotherapeutic agents in inflammatory diseases related to the overexpression of specific cytokines.
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6
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Parapoxvirus Interleukin-10 Homologues Vary in Their Receptor Binding, Anti-Inflammatory, and Stimulatory Activities. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11050507. [PMID: 35631028 PMCID: PMC9143231 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologues of interleukin (IL)-10, a pleiotropic immunomodulatory cytokine, have been identified in the Parapoxvirus genus. The first identified, Orf virus (ORFV) IL-10, greatly enhanced infection of its host, exhibiting immune modulatory effects equivalent to human IL-10. IL-10-like genes were then identified in Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV), Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV), Red deerpox virus (RDPV) and Grey sealpox virus (GSPV). This study aimed to produce and characterise recombinant parapoxvirus IL-10s, then quantitatively compare their receptor binding and immunomodulatory activities. Recombinant IL-10s were expressed, purified, then characterised using bioinformatic, biochemical and enzymatic analyses. Anti-inflammatory effects were assessed in lipoteichoic acid-activated THP-1 monocytes, and stimulatory effects in MC/9 mast cells. IL-10 receptor (IL-10R)1 binding was detected in a competitive displacement assay. BPSV IL-10 inhibited production of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, IL-8 and IL-1β, induced mast cell proliferation, and bound IL-10R1 similarly to ORFV IL-10. PCPV IL-10 showed reduced MCP-1 inhibition, mast cell proliferation, and IL-10R1 binding. RDPV IL-10 displayed reduced inhibition of IL-8 and MCP-1 production. GSPV IL-10 showed limited inhibition of IL-1β production and stimulation of mast cell proliferation. These findings provide valuable insight into IL-10 receptor interactions, and suggest that the parapoxvirus IL-10s play similar pathogenic roles during infection of their hosts.
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7
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Hirano S, Soga Y, Kuno Y, Doai S, Tokutake S, Shibahara T, Indo T. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of bovine papular stomatitis viruses detected in Saga, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1489-1494. [PMID: 34334509 PMCID: PMC8498829 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we performed a molecular phylogenetic analysis of six bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) field strains detected from Japanese beef calves kept on a farm in Saga prefecture, a southwest part of Japan, from 2017 to 2020. The phylogenetic analysis based on a partial B2L gene (554-nt) showed that these field strains were divided into two lineages, a lineage (A-lineage) constructed by a Saga strain and strains obtained from various regions of Japan and the world, and other lineage (B-lineage) constructed by five Saga strains and strains obtained from France, USA and Iwate prefecture (a north part of Japan). Furthermore, a Saga field strain named BPSV_SAGAbv2 and strains obtained from USA and Iwate prefecture belonged to a sub-lineage blanched from B-lineage. This is the first report elucidating molecular epidemiological characters of field BPSVs obtained from Saga prefecture. The existence of the multiple lineages was thought to be related to a history of calf introduction from various regions of Japan into Saga prefecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Hirano
- Saga Prefectural Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center
| | - Yasufumi Soga
- Saga Prefectural Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center
| | - Yuri Kuno
- Saga Prefectural Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center.,National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Satomi Doai
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization.,Tochigi Prefecture Kenou Livestock Hygiene Service Center
| | - Shinya Tokutake
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization.,Nagano Prefectural Matsumoto Livestock Hygiene Service Center
| | - Tomoyuki Shibahara
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization.,Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Tadahiro Indo
- Saga Prefectural Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center
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8
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Co-Infection of Bovine Papular Stomatitis Virus, Rotavirus and Cryptosporidium Spp. in a Calf. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2020-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Concurrent occurence of bovine papular stomatitis, rotavirus infection and cryptosporidiosis was diagnosed postmortem in a 7-days-old calf from a farm containing 65 calves of different ages. Multifocal papular stomatitis and rumenitis were present on necropsy. While polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed rotavirus and papular stomatitis virus infections; bovine viral diarrhea, foot and mouth disease, bovine papilloma virus and coronavirus could not be detected. Overall; concurrent co-infection with bovine papular stomatitis virus, rotavirus and cryptosporidium spp. was reported for the first time.
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9
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Shimizu K, Badr Y, Okada A, Inoshima Y. Bovine papular stomatitis virus and pseudocowpox virus coinfection in dairy calves in Japan. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2659-2664. [PMID: 32880730 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04792-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two cases of coinfection with bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) and pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) in dairy calves in Tochigi Prefecture, Japan, are reported. Sequences of BPSV and PCPV were simultaneously detected in the same polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons, which were obtained from the DNA of two dairy calves using a pan-parapoxvirus primer set. PCR amplification using BPSV- and PCPV-specific primer sets were able to distinguish between the two viruses in coinfected clinical samples. Based on these data, further studies on the occurrence BPSV/PCPV coinfections in cattle in Japan are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yassien Badr
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Ayaka Okada
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan. .,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), Gifu, Japan. .,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan. .,Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
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10
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Detection of Two Species of the Genus Parapoxvirus (Bovine Papular Stomatitis Virus and Pseudocowpox Virus) in Ticks Infesting Cattle in Burkina Faso. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050644. [PMID: 32354102 PMCID: PMC7284340 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular identification of arboviruses in West Africa is of particular interest, due to their zoonotic potential in a population living in close contact with livestock, and in a region where the livestock migration across borders raises the risk of diseases infection and dissemination. The aim of the study was the screening of potential circulating arboviruses and the assessment of their zoonotic implications. Therefore, ticks were collected on cattle located in three provinces of eastern Burkina Faso. Tick pools were tested using a panel of genus-specific real-time assays targeting conserved regions of parapoxvirus, orthopoxvirus, flavivirus and phlebovirus. On the 26 farms visited, a total of 663 ticks were collected. Four genera and six tick species were morphologically identified, with Amblyomma variegatum and Hyalomma spp. being the most represented species. No arboviruses were found. However, this study highlights the presence of pseudocowpox virus (8.2%) and bovine papular stomatitis virus (5.8%) among the positive tick pools. BPSV positive ticks were found in herds sharing water and pastures resources and with a history of seasonal transhumance. Therefore, common grazing and the seasonal transhumance are likely to support the transmission of the virus. This could have important health and economic impacts, especially regarding transboundary cattle movements.
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11
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Karki M, Kumar A, Arya S, Venkatesan G. Circulation of orf viruses containing the NZ7-like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-E) gene type in India. Virus Res 2020; 281:197908. [PMID: 32126295 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Orf, a poxviral skin infection of small ruminants is caused by orf virus (ORFV) of the genus Parapoxvirus of the Poxviridae family. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important virulence factor that is responsible for proliferative lesions in parapoxviral infections. VEGF gene shows high intra- and inter-species variability. Two variants of VEGF have been described globally in ORFV, viz. NZ2- and NZ7-like. In the present study, ORFV isolates of different geographic regions of India were analysed on the basis of the VEGF gene. Indian ORFV isolates showed 95.7-100 % nucleotide (nt) and 78.4-99.3 % amino acid (aa) identity with each other, except ORFV-Assam/LK/14 and ORFV-Meghalaya/03 which shared 85.1-88.35 % and 79.1-81.8 % identity, at nt and aa levels, respectively with other Indian ORFV isolates. All Indian ORFVs under the study demonstrated 83.5-99.1 % nt and 80.5-97.9 % aa identity with NZ7-like VEGF as compared to 41.2-44.8 % nt and 30.7-38.4 % aa identity with NZ2-like VEGF on comparison with global ORFV strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on the VEGF gene showed two clusters of ORFV in which the Indian ORFVs clustered with NZ7-like VEGF from global ORFV strains, mostly from China. Despite the considerable variation, VEGF protein from Indian ORFV strains showed conserved VEGF homology domain with eight cysteine residues. Homology modeling of Indian ORFV strains predicted the presence of extended Loop 3 similar to NZ7-like VEGF. Therefore, the present study showed the circulation of ORFV strains with comparatively less variable NZ7-like VEGF in India which implicates its importance in the epidemiology of ORFV infections in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monu Karki
- Division of Virology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Virology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sargam Arya
- Division of Virology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gnanavel Venkatesan
- Division of Virology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar, Uttarakhand, India.
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12
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Andreani J, Fongue J, Bou Khalil JY, David L, Mougari S, Le Bideau M, Abrahão J, Berbis P, La Scola B. Human Infection with Orf Virus and Description of Its Whole Genome, France, 2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:2197-2204. [PMID: 31742503 PMCID: PMC6874271 DOI: 10.3201/eid2512.181513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic transmission of parapoxvirus from animals to humans has been reported; clinical manifestations are skin lesions on the fingers and hands after contact with infected animals. We report a human infection clinically suspected as being ecthyma contagiosum. The patient, a 65-year-old woman, had 3 nodules on her hands. She reported contact with a sheep during the Aïd-el-Fitr festival in France during 2017. We isolated the parapoxvirus orf virus from these nodules by using a nonconventional cell and sequenced the orf genome. We identified a novel orf virus genome and compared it with genomes of other orf viruses. More research is needed on the genus Parapoxvirus to understand worldwide distribution of and infection by orf virus, especially transmission between goats and sheep.
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13
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Zhong J, Guan J, Zhou Y, Cui S, Wang Z, Zhou S, Xu M, Wei X, Gao Y, Zhai S, Song D, He W, Gao F, Zhao K. Genomic characterization of two Orf virus isolates from Jilin province in China. Virus Genes 2019; 55:490-501. [PMID: 31030330 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-019-01666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV), a typical member of the Parapoxvirus genus within the family Poxviridae, which is the causative agent of Orf, a common epitheliotropic viral disease of sheep, goats, wild ruminants, and humans. In the present study, we sequenced the complete genomic sequences of two ORFV strains (ORFV-SY17, isolated from sheep, and ORFV-NA17, isolated from goat) and conducted the comparative analysis of multiple ORFVs. The complete genomic sequence of ORFV-SY17 was at length of 140,413 bp, including 131 potential open reading frames (ORFs) flanked by inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) of 4267 bp at both ends. The ORFV-NA17 strain displayed the similar genome structure with ORFV-SY17. The whole genomic sequence of ORFV-NA17 strain was 139,287 bp in length and contained 132 ORFs flanked by ITRs of 3974 bp. The overall G+C contents of ORFV-SY17 and ORFV-NA17 genome sequences were about 63.8% and 63.7%, respectively. The ITR sequences analysis showed that ORFV-SY17 and ORFV-NA17 contained the terminal BamHI sites and conserved telomere resolution sequences at both ends of their genome. In addition, comparative analysis of ORFs among ORFV-SY17, ORFV-NA17, and other ORFV strains revealed several sequence variations caused by insertions or deletions, especially in ORFs 005 and 116, which were very likely associated with host species. Phylogenetic analysis based on the complete genome sequences revealed that ORFV-SY17 was genetically closely related to NA1/11 and HN3/12 strains derived from sheep, while ORFV-NA17 was closely related to YX strain derived from goat. The multiple alignment of deduced amino acid sequences further revealed the genetic relationship between host species and genetic variations of ORFV strains. Taken together, the availability of genomic sequences of ORFV-SY17 and ORFV-NA17 strains from Jilin Province will aid in our understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of ORFV strains in this region and can assist in distinguishing between ORFV strains that originate in sheep and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiyu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanlong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shanshan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengshi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaohua Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Deguang Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenqi He
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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14
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Karki M, Kumar A, Arya S, Ramakrishnan MA, Venkatesan G. Poxviral E3L ortholog (Viral Interferon resistance gene) of orf viruses of sheep and goats indicates species-specific clustering with heterogeneity among parapoxviruses. Cytokine 2019; 120:15-21. [PMID: 30991229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Orf is a contagious disease posing a serious threat to animal and human health. E3L is one of the evolutionarily acquired immunomodulatory proteins present in orf virus (ORFV) and is responsible for conferring resistance to interferons among poxviruses. Genetic analysis of ORFV isolates of different geographical regions including Indian subcontinent targeting viral interferon resistance (VIR) gene (a homolog of vaccinia virus E3L gene) revealed a high percentage of identity among themselves and other ORFV isolates at both nt and aa levels as compared to low identity among parapoxviruses (PPVs). Phylogenetic analysis showed species-specific clustering among PPVs along with sub-clusters based on host species of origin among ORFVs infecting sheep and goats. Conserved amino acids in N-terminal Z-DNA binding domain and C-terminal ds RNA binding domain of VIR proteins of PPVs corresponding to ORFV VIR positions namely N37, Y41, P57, and W59 (necessary for Z-DNA binding) and E116, F127, F141, and K160 (necessary for dsRNA binding) were found. Further, the predicted protein characteristics and homology model of VIR protein of ORFV showed high structural conservation among poxviruses. This study on E3L genetic analysis of ORFV isolates may provide a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology of circulating strains in India and neighboring countries. Also, E3L deleted or mutated ORFV may be an as vaccine candidate and/or compounds blocking E3L may prove as an effective method for treating broad spectrum poxviral infections, suggesting a wider application in control of poxvirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monu Karki
- Division of Virology, ICAR-IVRI, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Virology, ICAR-IVRI, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sargam Arya
- Division of Virology, ICAR-IVRI, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - M A Ramakrishnan
- Division of Virology, ICAR-IVRI, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - G Venkatesan
- Division of Virology, ICAR-IVRI, Mukteswar 263 138, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India.
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15
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Coinfection of a lingual lesion with bovine papular stomatitis virus and bovine papillomavirus. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1441-1444. [PMID: 30847608 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To date, there have been no reports of coinfection with bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) and bovine papillomavirus (BPV) in the same lesion. In the present study, one lingual papilloma-like sample was collected at an abattoir from the tongue of a 31-month-old Japanese black cow. Coinfection with BPSV and BPV was confirmed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, PCR and RT-PCR. The evidence for coinfection with BPSV and BPV in the same lesion and an association of BPV with lingual papillomatosis will contribute to future epidemiological studies of these two viruses.
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16
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Genomic Characterization of Orf Virus Strain D1701-V ( Parapoxvirus) and Development of Novel Sites for Multiple Transgene Expression. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020127. [PMID: 30704093 PMCID: PMC6409557 DOI: 10.3390/v11020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Orf virus (ORFV; Parapoxvirus) strain D1701 with an attenuated phenotype and excellent immunogenic capacity is successfully used for the generation of recombinant vaccines against different viral infections. Adaption for growth in Vero cells was accompanied by additional major genomic changes resulting in ORFV strain variant D1701-V. In this study, restriction enzyme mapping, blot hybridization and DNA sequencing of the deleted region s (A, AT and D) in comparison to the predecessor strain D1701-B revealed the loss of 7 open reading frames (ORF008, ORF101, ORF102, ORF114, ORF115, ORF116, ORF117). The suitability of deletion site D for expression of foreign genes is demonstrated using novel synthetic early promoter eP1 and eP2. Comparison of promoter strength showed that the original vegf-e promoter Pv as well as promoter eP2 display an up to 11-fold stronger expression than promoter eP1, irrespective of the insertion site. Successful integration and expression of the fluorescent marker genes is demonstrated by gene- and insertion-site specific PCR assays, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. For the first time ORFV recombinants are generated simultaneously expressing transgenes in two different insertion loci. That allows production of polyvalent vaccines containing several antigens against one or different pathogens in a single vectored ORFV vaccine.
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17
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Matsumoto H, Setoyama H, Matsuura Y, Ohtani A, Shimizu K, Okada A, Inoshima Y. Sequential detection of pseudocowpox virus and bovine papular stomatitis virus in a same calf in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:440-443. [PMID: 30674740 PMCID: PMC6451898 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We detected parapoxviruses from environmental samples and calves with and without intraoral clinical signs and conducted molecular and serological analyses. Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) was
detected from a calf showing anorexia, frothy salivation, and erosion in the mucosa of the lip and tongue. At the time that PCPV was detected, bovine papular stomatitis viruses (BPSVs) were
detected in environmental samples as well as in calves without intraoral clinical signs. BPSV, but not PCPV, was detected in the same calf after 22 days. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that
genetically different PCPV strains exist in Japan. This is the first report on the detection of PCPV and BPSV sequentially in the same calf and coexistence of PCPV and BPSV in the same farm
in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Matsumoto
- Miyazaki Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 3151-1 Shimonaka, Sadowara, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 880-0212, Japan
| | - Hironori Setoyama
- Miyazaki Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 3151-1 Shimonaka, Sadowara, Miyazaki, Miyazaki 880-0212, Japan
| | - Yuichi Matsuura
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
| | - Akifumi Ohtani
- Yamaguchi Chubu Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 671-5 Kagawa, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 754-0897, Japan
| | - Kaori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ayaka Okada
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yasuo Inoshima
- Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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18
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Peralta A, Robles CA, Micheluod JF, Rossanigo CE, Martinez A, Carosio A, König GA. Phylogenetic Analysis of ORF Viruses From Five Contagious Ecthyma Outbreaks in Argentinian Goats. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:134. [PMID: 29971243 PMCID: PMC6018470 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Orf virus (ORFV) is the etiological agent of Contagious Ecthyma (CE) disease that mainly affects sheep, goats, wild ruminants, and humans with a worldwide distribution. To date, only two strains from Argentinian sheep have been characterized at the molecular level and there is little information on ORFV strains circulating in Argentina. Here we describe and analyze five outbreaks of CE in goats in three geographic regions of the country: Northwest, Center, and Southwest. The phylogenetic analysis based on four molecular markers of ORFV (orf011 partial sequence and orf020, orf109, and orf127 complete sequence genes) revealed that there are different strains circulating in Argentina and pointed out the importance of knowing the health status of animals traded between farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Peralta
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Robles
- Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Juan F Micheluod
- Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto de Investigación Animal del Chaco Semiárido, Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Salta, Argentina
| | - Carlos E Rossanigo
- Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Agustín Martinez
- Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Agustín Carosio
- Grupo de Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Guido A König
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Nagendraprabhu P, Khatiwada S, Chaulagain S, Delhon G, Rock DL. A parapoxviral virion protein targets the retinoblastoma protein to inhibit NF-κB signaling. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006779. [PMID: 29244863 PMCID: PMC5747488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Poxviruses have evolved multiple strategies to subvert signaling by Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB), a crucial regulator of host innate immune responses. Here, we describe an orf virus (ORFV) virion-associated protein, ORFV119, which inhibits NF-κB signaling very early in infection (≤ 30 min post infection). ORFV119 NF-κB inhibitory activity was found unimpaired upon translation inhibition, suggesting that virion ORFV119 alone is responsible for early interference in signaling. A C-terminal LxCxE motif in ORFV119 enabled the protein to interact with the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) a multifunctional protein best known for its tumor suppressor activity. Notably, experiments using a recombinant virus containing an ORFV119 mutation which abrogates its interaction with pRb together with experiments performed in cells lacking or with reduced pRb levels indicate that ORFV119 mediated inhibition of NF-κB signaling is largely pRb dependent. ORFV119 was shown to inhibit IKK complex activation early in infection. Consistent with IKK inhibition, ORFV119 also interacted with TNF receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2), an adaptor protein recruited to signaling complexes upstream of IKK in infected cells. ORFV119-TRAF2 interaction was enhanced in the presence of pRb, suggesting that ORFV119-pRb complex is required for efficient interaction with TRAF2. Additionally, transient expression of ORFV119 in uninfected cells was sufficient to inhibit TNFα-induced IKK activation and NF-κB signaling, indicating that no other viral proteins are required for the effect. Infection of sheep with ORFV lacking the ORFV119 gene led to attenuated disease phenotype, indicating that ORFV119 contributes to virulence in the natural host. ORFV119 represents the first poxviral protein to interfere with NF-κB signaling through interaction with pRb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnuraj Nagendraprabhu
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Sushil Khatiwada
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Sabal Chaulagain
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Delhon
- School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GD); (DLR)
| | - Daniel L. Rock
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GD); (DLR)
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20
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Laguardia-Nascimento M, de Oliveira APF, Azevedo IC, Rivetti Júnior AV, Camargos MF, Fonseca Júnior AA. Spread of poxviruses in livestock in Brazil associated with cases of double and triple infection. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2797-2801. [PMID: 28516287 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3407-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to describe the distribution of outbreaks of vaccinia virus (VACV), pseudocowpox virus (PCPV), and bovine papular stomatitis virus (BSPV) in Brazil. The Official Laboratory of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture received 89 samples from different locations in Brazil in 2015 and 2016 for diagnosis of vesicular and exanthematous disease. Poxvirus coinfections occurred in 11 out of 33 outbreaks, including the first reported triple infection by BPSV, PCPV, and VACV. This occurrence may be associated with the circulation of these viruses in Brazilian cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Laguardia-Nascimento
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Avenida Rômulo Joviano, Centro, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ferreira de Oliveira
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Avenida Rômulo Joviano, Centro, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ciarlini Azevedo
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Avenida Rômulo Joviano, Centro, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, 33600-000, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Fernandes Camargos
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Avenida Rômulo Joviano, Centro, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, 33600-000, Brazil
| | - Antônio Augusto Fonseca Júnior
- Laboratório Nacional Agropecuário de Minas Gerais, Avenida Rômulo Joviano, Centro, Pedro Leopoldo, Minas Gerais, 33600-000, Brazil.
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21
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Sharif S, Nakatani Y, Wise L, Corbett M, Real NC, Stuart GS, Lateef Z, Krause K, Mercer AA, Fleming SB. A Broad-Spectrum Chemokine-Binding Protein of Bovine Papular Stomatitis Virus Inhibits Neutrophil and Monocyte Infiltration in Inflammatory and Wound Models of Mouse Skin. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168007. [PMID: 27936239 PMCID: PMC5148066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) is a Parapoxvirus that induces acute pustular skin lesions in cattle and is transmissible to humans. Previous studies have shown that BPSV encodes a distinctive chemokine-binding protein (CBP). Chemokines are critically involved in the trafficking of immune cells to sites of inflammation and infected tissue, suggesting that the CBP plays a role in immune evasion by preventing immune cells reaching sites of infection. We hypothesised that the BPSV-CBP binds a wide range of inflammatory chemokines particularly those involved in BPSV skin infection, and inhibits the recruitment of immune cells from the blood into inflamed skin. Molecular analysis of the purified protein revealed that the BPSV-CBP is a homodimeric polypeptide with a MW of 82.4 kDa whilst a comprehensive screen of inflammatory chemokines by surface plasmon resonance showed high-affinity binding to a range of chemokines within the CXC, CC and XC subfamilies. Structural analysis of BPSV-CBP, based on the crystal structure of orf virus CBP, provided a probable explanation for these chemokine specificities at a molecular level. Functional analysis of the BPSV-CBP using transwell migration assays demonstrated that it potently inhibited chemotaxis of murine neutrophils and monocytes in response to CXCL1, CXCL2 as well as CCL2, CCL3 and CCL5 chemokines. In order to examine the effects of CBP in vivo, we used murine skin models to determine its impact on inflammatory cell recruitment such as that observed during BPSV infection. Intradermal injection of BPSV-CBP blocked the influx of neutrophils and monocytes in murine skin in which inflammation was induced with lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, intradermal injection of BPSV-CBP into injured skin, which more closely mimics BPSV lesions, delayed the influx of neutrophils and reduced the recruitment of MHC-II+ immune cells to the wound bed. Our findings suggest that the CBP could be important in pathogenesis of BPSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Sharif
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Yoshio Nakatani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lyn Wise
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicola C. Real
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gabriella S. Stuart
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Zabeen Lateef
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kurt Krause
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew A. Mercer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stephen B. Fleming
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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22
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Khalafalla AI, El-Sabagh IM, Al-Busada KA, Al-Mubarak AI, Ali YH. Phylogenetic analysis of eight sudanese camel contagious ecthyma viruses based on B2L gene sequence. Virol J 2015; 12:124. [PMID: 26260127 PMCID: PMC4578853 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camel contagious ecthyma (CCE) is an important viral disease of camelids caused by a poxvirus of the genus parapoxvirus (PPV) of the family Poxviridae. The disease has been reported in west and east of the Sudan causing economical losses. However, the PPVs that cause the disease in camels of the Sudan have not yet subjected to genetic characterization. At present, the PPV that cause CCE cannot be properly classified because only few isolates that have been genetically analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS PCR was used to amplify the B2L gene of the PPV directly from clinical specimens collected from dromedary camels affected with contagious ecthyma in the Sudan between 1993 and 2013. PCR products were sequenced and subjected to genetic analysis. The results provided evidence for close relationships and genetic variation of the camel PPV (CPPV) represented by the circulation of both Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) and Orf virus (ORFV) strains among dromedary camels in the Sudan. Based on the B2L gene sequence the available CPPV isolates can be divided into two genetic clades or lineages; the Asian lineage represented by isolates from Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and India and the African lineage comprising isolates from the Sudan. CONCLUSION The camel parapoxvirus is genetically diverse involving predominantly viruses close to PCPV in addition to ORFVs, and can be divided into two genetically distant lineages. Based on sequences of the B2L gene it is not possible to suggest that the viruses that cause CCE form a monophylogenetic group or species within the PPV phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelmalik I Khalafalla
- Camel Research Center, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 32, Shambat, Sudan.
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sabagh
- Central Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Virology, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Khalid A Al-Busada
- Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah I Al-Mubarak
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yahia H Ali
- Department of Virology, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, P. O. Box 8067, Al Amarat, Khartoum, Sudan.
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