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Ma XE, Liu B, Zhao CX. Modulation of Ca 2+-induced Ca 2+ release by ubiquitin protein ligase E3 component n-recognin UBR3 and 6 in cardiac myocytes. Channels (Austin) 2020; 14:326-335. [PMID: 32988261 PMCID: PMC7757829 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2020.1824957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) from sarcoplasmic reticulum is a finely tuned process responsible for cardiac excitation and contraction. The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) as a major degradative system plays a crucial role in the maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis. The E3 component N-recognin (UBR) subfamily is a part of the UPS; however, the role of UBR in regulating cardiac CICR is unknown. In the present study, we found that among the UBR family, single knockdown of UBR3 or UBR6 significantly elevated the amplitude of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release without affecting Ca2+ transient decay time in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. The protein expression of alpha 1 C subunit of L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (Cav1.2) was increased after UBR3/6 knockdown, whereas the protein levels of RyR2, SERCA2a, and PLB remained unchanged. In line with the increase in Cav1.2 proteins, the UBR3/6 knockdown enhanced the current of Cav1.2 channels. Furthermore, the increase in Cav1.2 proteins caused by UBR3/6 reduction was not counteracted by a protein biosynthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, suggesting a degradative regulation of UBR3/6 on Cav1.2 channels. Our results indicate that UBR3/6 modulates cardiac CICR via targeting Cav1.2 protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-E Ma
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Xia Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University , Shanghai, China
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Fujisaku T, Tanabe R, Onoda S, Kubota R, Segawa TF, So FTK, Ohshima T, Hamachi I, Shirakawa M, Igarashi R. pH Nanosensor Using Electronic Spins in Diamond. ACS NANO 2019; 13:11726-11732. [PMID: 31538479 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale measurements provide insight into the nano world. For instance, nanometric spatiotemporal distribution of intracellular pH is regulated by and regulates a variety of biological processes. However, there is no general method to fabricate nanoscale pH sensors. Here, we, to endow pH-sensing functions, tailor the surface properties of a fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) containing nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV centers) by coating the FND with an ionic chemical layer. The longitudinal relaxation time T1 of the electron spins in the NV centers inside a nanodiamond modified by carboxyl groups on the particle surface was found to depend on ambient pH between pH 3 and pH 7, but not between pH 7 and pH 11. Therefore, a single particle of the carboxylated nanodiamond works as a nanometer-sized pH meter within a microscopic image and directly measures the nanometric local pH environment. Moreover, the pH dependence of an FND was changed by coating it with a polycysteine layer, which contains a multitude of thiol groups with higher pKa. The polycysteine-coated nanodiamond obtained a pH dependence between pH 7 and pH 11. The pH dependence of the FND was also observed in heavy water (D2O) buffers. This indicates that the pH dependence is not caused by magnetic noise induced by 1H nuclear spin fluctuations, but by electric noise induced by ion exchanges. Via our method, the sensitive pH range of the nanodiamond pH sensor can potentially be controlled by changing the ionic layer appropriately according to the target biological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Fujisaku
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1 , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Ryotaro Tanabe
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Shinobu Onoda
- Institute for Quantum Life Science , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1 , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , 1233 Watanuki , Takasaki , Gunma 370-1292 , Japan
| | - Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Takuya F Segawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics , ETH Zurich , Otto-Stern-Weg 1 , 8093 Zürich , Switzerland
| | - Frederick T-K So
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1 , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohshima
- Institute for Quantum Life Science , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1 , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , 1233 Watanuki , Takasaki , Gunma 370-1292 , Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Masahiro Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Nishikyo-Ku, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1 , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
| | - Ryuji Igarashi
- Institute for Quantum Life Science , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1 , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
- National Institute for Radiological Sciences , National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology , Anagawa 4-9-1 , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555 , Japan
- JST , PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho , Kawaguchi , Saitama 332-0012 , Japan
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Sabatini PV, Speckmann T, Lynn FC. Friend and foe: β-cell Ca 2+ signaling and the development of diabetes. Mol Metab 2019; 21:1-12. [PMID: 30630689 PMCID: PMC6407368 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The divalent cation Calcium (Ca2+) regulates a wide range of processes in disparate cell types. Within insulin-producing β-cells, increases in cytosolic Ca2+ directly stimulate insulin vesicle exocytosis, but also initiate multiple signaling pathways. Mediated through activation of downstream kinases and transcription factors, Ca2+-regulated signaling pathways leverage substantial influence on a number of critical cellular processes within the β-cell. Additionally, there is evidence that prolonged activation of these same pathways is detrimental to β-cell health and may contribute to Type 2 Diabetes pathogenesis. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review aims to briefly highlight canonical Ca2+ signaling pathways in β-cells and how β-cells regulate the movement of Ca2+ across numerous organelles and microdomains. As a main focus, this review synthesizes experimental data from in vitro and in vivo models on both the beneficial and detrimental effects of Ca2+ signaling pathways for β-cell function and health. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Acute increases in intracellular Ca2+ stimulate a number of signaling cascades, resulting in (de-)phosphorylation events and activation of downstream transcription factors. The short-term stimulation of these Ca2+ signaling pathways promotes numerous cellular processes critical to β-cell function, including increased viability, replication, and insulin production and secretion. Conversely, chronic stimulation of Ca2+ signaling pathways increases β-cell ER stress and results in the loss of β-cell differentiation status. Together, decades of study demonstrate that Ca2+ movement is tightly regulated within the β-cell, which is at least partially due to its dual roles as a potent signaling molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V Sabatini
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Thilo Speckmann
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Francis C Lynn
- Diabetes Research Group, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Communication in Type 2 Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 997:171-186. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4567-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Li L, Du Y, Ju F, Ma S, Zhang S. Calcium plays a key role in paraoxon-induced apoptosis in EL4 cells by regulating both endoplasmic reticulum- and mitochondria-associated pathways. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:211-20. [PMID: 26998625 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2016.1156796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Paraoxon (POX) is one of the most toxic organophosphorus pesticides, but its toxic mechanisms associated with apoptosis remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate calcium-associated mechanisms in POX-induced apoptosis in EL4 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS EL4 cells were exposed to POX for 0-16 h. EGTA was used to chelate Ca(2+ ) in extracellular medium, and heparin and procaine were used to inhibit Ca(2+ )efflux from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Z-ATAD-FMK was used to inhibit caspase-12 activity. The apoptotic rate assay, western blotting and immunocytochemistry (ICC) were used to reveal the mechanisms of POX-induced apoptosis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION POX significantly increased the expression and activation of caspase-12 and caspase-3, enhanced expression of calpain 1 and calpain 2, and induced the release of cyt c, but did not change the expression of Grp 78. Inhibiting caspase-12 activity alleviated POX-induced upregulation of calpain 1 and caspase-3, promoted POX-induced upregulation of calpain 2, and reduced POX-induced cyt c release, suggesting that there was a cross-talk between the ER-associated pathway and mitochondria-associated apoptotic signals. Attenuating intracellular calcium concentration with EGTA, heparin or procaine decreased POX-induced upregulation of calpain 1, calpain 2, caspase-12 and caspase-3, and reduced POX-induced cyt c release. After pretreatment with EGTA or procaine, POX significantly promoted expression of Grp 78. CONCLUSIONS Calcium played a key role in POX-induced apoptosis in EL4 cells by regulating both ER- and mitochondria-associated pathways. The cross-talk of ER- and mitochondria-associated pathways was accomplished through calcium signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- a Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Du
- a Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Furong Ju
- a Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Shunxiang Ma
- a Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- a Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , People's Republic of China
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Santulli G, Pagano G, Sardu C, Xie W, Reiken S, D'Ascia SL, Cannone M, Marziliano N, Trimarco B, Guise TA, Lacampagne A, Marks AR. Calcium release channel RyR2 regulates insulin release and glucose homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1968-78. [PMID: 25844899 DOI: 10.1172/jci79273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The type 2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is a Ca2+ release channel on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of several types of cells, including cardiomyocytes and pancreatic β cells. In cardiomyocytes, RyR2-dependent Ca2+ release is critical for excitation-contraction coupling; however, a functional role for RyR2 in β cell insulin secretion and diabetes mellitus remains controversial. Here, we took advantage of rare RyR2 mutations that were identified in patients with a genetic form of exercise-induced sudden death (catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia [CPVT]). As these mutations result in a "leaky" RyR2 channel, we exploited them to assess RyR2 channel function in β cell dynamics. We discovered that CPVT patients with mutant leaky RyR2 present with glucose intolerance, which was heretofore unappreciated. In mice, transgenic expression of CPVT-associated RyR2 resulted in impaired glucose homeostasis, and an in-depth evaluation of pancreatic islets and β cells from these animals revealed intracellular Ca2+ leak via oxidized and nitrosylated RyR2 channels, activated ER stress response, mitochondrial dysfunction, and decreased fuel-stimulated insulin release. Additionally, we verified the effects of the pharmacological inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ leak in CPVT-associated RyR2-expressing mice, in human islets from diabetic patients, and in an established murine model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Taken together, our data indicate that RyR2 channels play a crucial role in the regulation of insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis.
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Albrecht T, Zhao Y, Nguyen TH, Campbell RE, Johnson JD. Fluorescent biosensors illuminate calcium levels within defined beta-cell endosome subpopulations. Cell Calcium 2015; 57:263-74. [PMID: 25682167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Live cell imaging has revealed that calcium ions (Ca(2+)) pass in and out of many cellular organelles. However, technical hurdles have limited measurements of Ca(2+) in acidic organelles, such as endosomes. Although evidence hints that endosomes play a role in Ca(2+) signaling, direct measurements within endosomal lumina represent one of the final frontiers in organelle imaging. To measure Ca(2+) in a TiVAMP-positive endosome sub-population, the pH-resistant ratiometric Ca(2+) biosensor GEM-GECO1 and the ratiometric pH biosensor mKeima were used. A positive correlation between acidic endosomal pH and higher Ca(2+) was observed within these Rab5a- and Rab7-positive compartments. Ca(2+) concentration in most endosomes was estimated to be below 2μM, lower than Ca(2+) levels in several other intracellular stores, indicating that endosomes may take up Ca(2+) during physiological stimulation. Indeed, endosomes accumulated Ca(2+) during glucose-stimulation, a condition where endosomal pH did not change. Our biosensors permitted the first measurements revealing a role for endosomes in cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis during physiological stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Albrecht
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yongxin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Trang Hai Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Robert E Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - James D Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Gilon P, Chae HY, Rutter GA, Ravier MA. Calcium signaling in pancreatic β-cells in health and in Type 2 diabetes. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:340-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Fernández MS. Human IAPP amyloidogenic properties and pancreatic β-cell death. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:416-27. [PMID: 25224501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the presence of extracellular amyloid deposits in the islets of Langerhans. These deposits are formed by the human islet amyloid polypeptide, hIAPP (or amylin), which is a hormone costored and cosecreted with insulin. Under normal conditions, the hormone remains in solution but, in the pancreas of T2DM individuals, it undergoes misfolding giving rise to oligomers and cross-β amyloid fibrils. Accumulating evidence suggests that the amyloid deposits that accompany type 2 diabetes mellitus are not just a trivial epiphenomenon derived from the disease progression. Rather, hIAPP aggregation induces processes that impair the functionality and viability of β-cells and may lead to apoptosis. The present review article aims to summarize a few aspects of the current knowledge of this amyloidogenic polypeptide. In the first place, the physicochemical properties which condition its propensity to misfold and form aggregates. Secondly, how these properties confer hIAPP the capacity to interfere with some signaling of the pancreatic β-cell, interact with membranes, form channels or affect natural ion channels, including calcium channels. Finally, how misfolded hIAPP cytotoxicity results in apoptosis. A number of pathophysiological changes of the T2DM islet can be related to the amyloidogenic properties of hIAPP. However, in a certain way, the in vivo aggregation of the polypeptide also reflects a failure of chaperones and, in general, of cellular proteostasis, supporting the view that T2DM may also be considered as a conformational disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta S Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N. (CINVESTAV), Ave, Politécnico 2508, PO Box 14-740, 07000 México D.F., Mexico.
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Bround MJ, Wambolt R, Luciani DS, Kulpa JE, Rodrigues B, Brownsey RW, Allard MF, Johnson JD. Cardiomyocyte ATP production, metabolic flexibility, and survival require calcium flux through cardiac ryanodine receptors in vivo. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18975-86. [PMID: 23678000 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.427062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) fluxes between adjacent organelles are thought to control many cellular processes, including metabolism and cell survival. In vitro evidence has been presented that constitutive Ca(2+) flux from intracellular stores into mitochondria is required for basal cellular metabolism, but these observations have not been made in vivo. We report that controlled in vivo depletion of cardiac RYR2, using a conditional gene knock-out strategy (cRyr2KO mice), is sufficient to reduce mitochondrial Ca(2+) and oxidative metabolism, and to establish a pseudohypoxic state with increased autophagy. Dramatic metabolic reprogramming was evident at the transcriptional level via Sirt1/Foxo1/Pgc1α, Atf3, and Klf15 gene networks. Ryr2 loss also induced a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death associated with increased calpain-10 but not caspase-3 activation or endoplasmic reticulum stress. Remarkably, cRyr2KO mice rapidly exhibited many of the structural, metabolic, and molecular characteristics of heart failure at a time when RYR2 protein was reduced 50%, a similar degree to that which has been reported in heart failure. RYR2-mediated Ca(2+) fluxes are therefore proximal controllers of mitochondrial Ca(2+), ATP levels, and a cascade of transcription factors controlling metabolism and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bround
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada
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